8UEDQ *UHHQLQJ *XLGHOLQHV - India … green...useful for State Town and Country Planning...
Transcript of 8UEDQ *UHHQLQJ *XLGHOLQHV - India … green...useful for State Town and Country Planning...
February, 2014
Town and Country Planning OrganisationGovernment of India
Ministry of Urban Development
Urban Greening Guidelines, 2014
February, 2014
Town and Country Planning OrganisationGovernment of India
Ministry of Urban Development
Urban Greening Guidelines, 2014
Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD i
PREFACE
Urban Greening Guidelines, 2014 is the outcome of blatant and random
concretization of pavements in Indian cities. Of late, a number of Urban
Development Authorities and Urban Local Bodies have undertaken large scale
concretization of pavements which has resulted in destruction of a large number
of trees by first rendering those weak and reducing their lives and consequently
most of them falling down on account of moderate winds and storms. In 2000,
Ministry of Urban Affairs and Employment had published Guidelines for Greening
of Urban Areas and Landscaping. Prior to this, in 1980, TCPO had published
Guide on Plant Materials for Landscaping in India. While preparing the Urban
Greening Guidelines, both the documents have been extensively referred in the
context of integrating urban greens in the overall planning and development
scenario. The Guidelines suggests steps for protection of trees and enhancing
their lives while undertaking concretization of pavements.
The Metropolitan and UT Division of Town and Country Planning Organization
has done commendable work in bringing out the Guidelines, which will prove
useful for State Town and Country Planning Departments, Urban Development
Authorities, Urban Local Bodies, Academicians, Researchers and students as
reference material.
(J.B. KSHIRSAGAR)
CHIEF PLANNER
February, 2014
Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD ii
Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD iii
Contents
No. Title Page No. 1. Introduction 01 2. Objectives 03 3. Importance of Urban Greens 03 4. Types of Urban Greens 06 5. International norms for Urban Green Spaces 08 6. Urban Green Spaces: The Indian Scenario 10 7. Impact of concretization of pavements 13 8. Policy Guidelines for strengthening Urban Greens 14 9. Maintenance of Plant Material 22 10. Integration of Urban Green Spaces 27 References 30
List of Tables No. Table Title Page No. 6.1 Area under “Recreation” in Indian cities 11
List of Illustrations No. Illustration Titles Page No. 1.0 General Illustrations of Urban Greens 02
5.1 Panoramic View of Urban Sprawl 09
5.2 Panoramic View of planned Urban Green 09
6.1 Urban Green Spaces of Delhi 12
7.1 Impermeable Tiling around trees 13
7.2 Desirable root pits around trees 13
8.2 Avenue Plantation 15
8.3 Group Plantation 16
8.4 Mixed Plantation 17
8.5 Informal Plantation 18
9.1 Perforated tiling for pavements 23
9.2 Desirable Space around tree roots 24
Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD iv
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patially, th
astructure
ncreased m
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.
by rapid
e past thre
th and urb
ly metropo
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ry. It is ex
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untry with
d be 0.19
s constituti
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en Guideline
untry’s pop
ted for 37
40% by 20
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provisioni
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settlement
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economic
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banization
olitan city
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ters of bot
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amount o
the periph
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that much
unauthorize
es, 2014
Page | 1
pulation
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(million
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TCPO, G
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in urba
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and co
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through
presen
plannin
by pr
infrastr
integra
compa
along
encour
impera
States
Develo
manag
GoI, MoUD
Population
nvironment
ves the qua
creation an
In fact, ade
The bigge
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cover. Urb
gement of a
an and pe
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ompeting d
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nt scenario
ng policies
romoting
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actness of
transit co
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Realizing
ative to pre
and Citie
opment Au
ging them.
n growth a
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equate tre
est challe
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ban greenin
all vegetati
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enges; high
demands o
apes that o
rating inno
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is based o
higher d
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use and t
cities and
orridors to
f public tra
the import
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uthorities
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by providi
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nge for u
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areas. The
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o reduce
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ing residen
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planning
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Fig. 1.0: G
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elopment
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and prese
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adversely
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is not on
strengthe
to the plan
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biodivers
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towns, th
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ersonalized
erving urba
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Guidelines, 2
P
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an greens,
as a mode
ments, Ur
esponsible
of Urban Gr
2014
Page | 2
tural
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and
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and
ents
ts a
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and
it is
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PO, GoI, MoU
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Importa
ban Green
ergy efficie
y have t
propriately
verage. It is
een spaces
human we
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nce, protec
urban ecos
erall city lan
ological B
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entify the ery may be
ommend s
ance of Urb
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ent. Howev
o be pla
so that th
s a fact tha
s generate
ell-being a
s in cities
biodiversity
cting green
systems to
ndscape.
Benefits -
absorb po
ple, absorb
contribute
ng clean a
vegetation
which led t
mprove th
natural urba
preserve th
iversity of w
rban Green
mpact of u
ctices and stainable m
key stagee integrated
suitable gu
ban Greens
are critical
ver, for Urb
anned, de
hey are ac
at urbaniza
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nd their dy
that have
y characte
n spaces i
generate
ollutants; m
ing polluta
to the ma
air, water a
n has been
to a reduce
he urban m
an environ
he local na
wildlife and
n Guideline
urbanizatio
methods manner.
es in plannd with the b
idelines fo
s
for makin
ban Green
signed, d
ccessible b
ation in Ind
e set of ec
ynamics a
got disco
ristics due
in isolation
value and
moderate t
ants and re
aintenance
and soil.
n shown to
ed air cond
micro clima
ment.
atural and c
d conserve
U
es are –
n on urban
for protec
ning and built enviro
r enhancin
ng our citie
Spaces to
developed
both in ter
dia will con
cosystems
re shaped
onnected fr
e to continu
n will often
they have
he impact
leasing ox
e of a hea
o lower wa
ditioning lo
ate and m
cultural he
e a diversit
Urban Gree
n greenery
cting and
developmonment.
ng urban gr
es sustaina
o contribute
and man
rms of are
ntinue unab
s of substa
by human
rom the w
uous cons
fail to sus
e to be wel
of human
xygen.
althy urban
all surface
ad by an a
maintain th
eritage by p
ty of urban
en Guideline
y.
enhancing
ent where
reens.
able, healt
e to the op
naged/mai
ea and pop
bated. The
antial signi
n activities
wider enviro
truction ac
stain the c
l integrated
n activities
n environm
e temperatu
average of
he balance
providing h
resources
es, 2014
Page | 3
g urban
e urban
thy and
ptimum,
ntained
pulation
e Urban
ificance
s. Many
onment
ctivities.
capacity
d in the
by, for
ment by
ures by
50%.
e of the
habitats
s.
Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD Page | 4
Despite the enormous benefits that urban green spaces provide there is a serious
lack of information about the quantity and quality of urban green spaces. Data on
per capita availability of open spaces is scanty and scarce. However, with new
integrated approaches to combine strategic planning for green spaces with
innovative design and delivery and the active involvement of the community at all
levels, urban green spaces may be part of the ecological development of city.
Ideally there has to be struck a right balance between the built and natural
environment. Amidst concretization in the cities and towns in terms of building
multi storied apartments, commercial complexes and institutional buildings, there
has to be conscious efforts from Urban Local bodies and Urban Development
Authorities to provide for adequate green cover.
Physical Benefits -
Urban forests act as temperature buffers providing shade in the summer,
and wind breaks in the winter in addition to reducing noise pollution and
CO2 levels, and providing a habitat for wildlife.
Urban greening offers improvements in air, water, and land resources by
absorbing air pollutants, increasing water catchment in floodplain surfaces,
and stabilizing soils.
Social Benefits -
Green spaces provide a refreshing contrast to the harsh shape, colour,
and texture of buildings, and stimulate the senses with their simple colour,
sound and smell.
Particular types of green space may offer a bigger diversity of land uses
and opportunities for a wide range of activities, help to foster active
lifestyles, and can be of real benefit to health.
Well-managed and maintained green spaces contribute to social
interaction by creating opportunities for people of all ages to interact.
Urban green spaces emphasize the diversity of urban areas by reflecting
the different communities they serve and meeting their varying needs.
They enhance cultural life by providing venues for local festivals, civic
celebrations and theatrical performances.
Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD Page | 5
Urban green spaces provide safe play space for children, contribute to
childrens’ physical, mental and social development and play an important
role in the basic education of schoolchildren with regard to the
environment and nature.
Planning Perspective
From the planning perspective, a hierarchy and network of quality green
spaces integrating residential areas with commercial and other uses
improve the accessibility and attractiveness of local facilities and
employment centers.
Well-designed networks of green spaces help encourage people to travel
safely by foot or by bicycle for recreation.
Furthermore, well-designed urban green spaces provide a barrier to noise
and can effectively function as visual barriers.
Economic Benefits -
Property owners value urban greenery by the premium they pay to live in
the neighbourhood of urban green spaces and public parks. Plots and flats
abutting park add to value. In densely populated areas this effect is even
more pronounced. For example, view of green spaces and proximity to
water bodies increases the real estate prices.
Impact of neighbourhood parks on the transaction price of multi-storied
residential units in cities illustrate the fact that neighbourhood parks could
increase price.
Urban shady trees offer significant benefits in reducing building air-
conditioning load and improving urban air quality by reducing smog. The
savings associated with these benefits vary widely by climatic region.
TCPO, G
existing
indicat
land us
force.
Plan. A
proport
12-14%
metrop
botanic
are cla
The typ
Reservof the
Reserv
Reserv
16 of 1
Govern
Protecsecure
of half
under t
Nationconser
natural
depriva
and us
wildlife
the con
Districspaces
GoI, MoUD
Types of
While prep
g land us
ing broad
se distribu
Green are
As per the
tion of rec
% in small
politan (mi
cal garden
assified as
pes of urba
ved forestIndian For
ved Fores
ved Forest
1927] or u
nments.
cted Foresed by appro
wall and w
the Forest
nal Park: Nrvation of
l scenic ar
ation of an
se of wea
therein, a
ntrol of, the
ct Park: Ds in a city.
Urban Gre
paring a M
se pattern
land uses
ution norms
eas are no
UDPFI Gu
creational a
towns, 18-
illion plus)
s, parks, o
Recreation
an greens
t: Reserve
rest Act, 1
sts, all ac
t is notified
under the r
st: They
opriate fen
wire mesh.
Act, where
National P
outstandi
reas. The
ny wild anim
apons exce
and on con
e park auth
District Par
District Pa
eens
Master Plan
is done.
and netwo
s are depe
ormally cla
uidelines, 1
areas to th
-20% in me
) cities. G
open spac
nal use.
in settleme
ed Forest
927 or the
ctivities are
d under Se
reservation
are found
ncing or co
. Areas un
e no const
Park is an a
ng natura
park proh
mal of its h
ept for the
ndition that
horities.
rk is a des
ark is a pr
n or a Deve
Typically
orks based
endent on
assified as
1996 of Mi
he total de
edium tow
Generally,
ces, water
ents are as
is an area
e State Fo
e prohibite
ection 20 o
n provision
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onstructing
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ruction act
area which
al fauna,
ibits huntin
habitat, or
e improve
t these iss
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ominent re
Urba
elopment P
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d on the pr
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s Recreati
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eveloped a
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bodies an
s follows:-
a duly notif
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ed unless
of the India
ns of the F
n and peri
g a compo
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tivity is allo
h is set asid
flora, geo
ng, killing o
destructio
ment and
sues are h
erm as pe
ecreation u
an Green G
Plan, detail
use plan
rojected po
ers of Dens
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rban Deve
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der parks,
nd other na
fied under
having full
s specifica
an Forest A
Forest Act
i-urban ar
und wall o
ted forests
owed.
de for the p
ological fo
or capturin
n and colle
better ma
andled by
r the hiera
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Guidelines, 2
P
led analys
is formula
opulation.
sity and W
in the Ma
elopment ,
d be betw
nd 20-25 %
playgroun
atural featu
the provis
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ally permit
Act, 1927
ts of the S
reas gene
or combina
are protec
protection
ormations
ng of fauna
ection of fl
anagemen
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archy of gr
sizeable a
2014
Page | 6
is of
ated
The
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aster
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ween
% in
nds,
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tted.
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Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD Page | 7
and is developed to provide vital lung spaces. As per Master Plan of Delhi-2021,
a District Park has to be provided for a population of 2, 50,000 and normally
developed at the city level with an area of 40,000 sqm.
Neighborhood Park: Neighborhood Park is developed at the neighborhood
level for a population of 10,000. The Park is conveniently located within the
developed residential areas at walking distance and is planned on an area of
2,000-4,000 sqm.
Totlots: Totlots are the lowest level in the hierarchy of green areas, planned for
a population of 2,500 as play-areas for children with an area of 125 sqm.
Playgrounds: Playgrounds are provided normally in the educational institutions
for the use of the school and college students. They are also provided at the
neighborhood level for a population of 5,000.
Green Belt (Buffer): Green Belts Include green girdle, park belt, rural belt, rural
zone, agriculture belt, country belt, agriculture green belt. Agriculture belt, rural
and country belt are synonymous terms and they refer to a stretch of the country
side around and between towns separating one from the other. These areas are
predominantly farm lands and they support agriculture and related functions.
They may or may not be in ownership of the town/city/local body.
Green girdle, rural zone and park belt represent a similar idea, concept and
function as the green belt. A green belt is defined as an area of land
predominantly agricultural in character and located around the proposed
urbanisable limits of the urban centre (town/city/) and legally established in order
to:
• Check the further growth of built up areas;
• Preserve neighbouring towns from merging into one another; or
• Preserve a special character of a town.
Green Strip: A green strip is developed on a vacant land for example land
under high tension power supply lines. It is also developed along the arterial
roads separating residential areas from other uses.
Tree Cover- Trees planted along the roads within the right-of-way and on the
central verge (median).
TCPO, G
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world.
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essent
and gre
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from 1
urban g
per pe
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sed a stand
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n so as to
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green spac
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o meet the
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thin a 15
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onable figu
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nked park
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art of the
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growth an
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main com
gardens, p
r (roads, a
layout of a
dly, averag
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orders of m
a (Spain)
an Green G
different c
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ality or 14
en carbon
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ndard of g
ion (WHO)
ed) open sp
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ny other c
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largest city
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ponents o
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magnitude,
and Regg
Guidelines, 2
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contexts of
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at least 6,
ystems sho
of urban fo
private pa
walkways
tches and
% and rang
Availability
from 3-4 s
gio di Cala
2014
Page | 8
f the
tries
burb
and
ntly,
ce of
ends
very
at all
other
trick
2 Ha
don.
as a
ways
mark.
f the
ublic
; no
,000
ould
orest
arks,
and
the
ging
y of
sqm
abria
TCP
(Ita
(Fra
Urb
to 5
an a
Cur
In t
cap
dev
Can
ope
eco
Zea
Tok
cap
PO, GoI, MoU
ly) to more
ance).
ban tree co
55% in Bat
average tr
ritiba, with
the 1970s,
pita. A clea
veloped gre
nberra pla
en spaces
ological ve
aland has 2
kyo suffers
pita, but it h
UD
e than 300
over in the
ton Rouge
ee canopy
h a populat
growing p
ar priority a
een space
anned by S
that harb
egetation.
200sqm pe
s from a s
has a large
sqm in Liè
United S
, Louisiana
y cover of 2
tion of 17
population
and consist
s, which no
Sir Walter
bor more
Despite
er capita of
hortfall of
e forest of 2
ège (Belgiu
tates rang
a, containin
27% of urb
Lakh (1.7
had reduc
tent efforts
ow measu
Griffin ha
than 40%
developm
f green spa
open spac
21,630 Ha
Fig. 5.2: Pa
Fi
U
um), Oulu
ges from 0.
ng approxi
ban areas.
million), is
ced urban
s by local a
re 51.5 sq
s an exten
% of the n
ent press
ace.
ce which a
to conserv
anoramic Vi
ig. 5.1: Pano
Urban Gree
(Finland) a
.4% in Lan
imately 3.8
s one of Br
green spa
authorities h
m per cap
nsive integ
nationally
sures, We
verages 6
ve water.
iew of plan
oramic View
en Guideline
and Valenc
ncaster, Ca
8 billion tre
razil’s large
ace to 1 s
have succe
ita.
grated netw
listed thre
ellington i
.1 to 8.5 s
ned Urban
w of Urban
es, 2014
Page | 9
ciennes
alifornia
ees with
e cities.
sqm per
essfully
work of
eatened
n New
sqm per
Greens
Sprawl
TCPO, G
Due to
is incre
natural
as the
bridge
anothe
made t
on the
reveals
sqm in
like Va
the WH
Amritsa
that in
open s
that Gr
most o
Further
illustrat
and Am
out to
popula
authori
From a
well as
their ur
area a
cities la
counte
GoI, MoUD
Urban Gre
o unpreced
easing. Th
l environm
cities and
this gap
er reason f
to analyze
data given
s that the
Chennai t
aranasi, Ch
HO prescri
ar have les
Greenfiel
space work
reater NOI
of the reside
r, it may
te the fact
mritsar; mo
more tha
ation and p
ities to ma
a global pe
s per capit
rban green
nd 25 sqm
ag far beh
erparts in A
een Space
dented urba
e concretiz
ent. The s
towns exp
between
for poor d
e the area
n in their re
existing a
to 278 sqm
handigarh,
bed norm
ss than the
d Townsh
ks out to 27
DA Master
ential sect
also be s
t that the p
ost of the
an 10% p
proposed
ke conscio
erspective,
ta availabi
n spaces o
m to 100 sq
ind in qual
Australia, E
es: The In
anization,
zation of c
space to be
perience g
people an
evelopmen
under recr
espective M
availability
m in Greate
Jaipur, Bh
of 9 sqm w
e norm ran
ips like G
78 sqm wh
r Plan has
ors earma
seen that
proposed
cities are
per capita
area unde
ous efforts
although t
lity of gree
often have
qm urban
lity as well
Europe and
dian Scen
the gap be
cities and t
e utilized fo
rowth. Urb
nd nature.
nt of urban
reation/ope
Master Pla
of per cap
er NOIDA s
hopal, Allah
whereas c
nging from
reater NO
hich is very
provided a
rking large
the Maste
area unde
in accorda
a of open
er open s
for adherin
there are w
en spaces
20% to 40
green spa
as quantit
d North Am
Urba
nario
etween city
towns has
or open gr
ban greene
High pop
n greenery
en space f
ns. A peru
pita open
signifying t
habad and
cities like B
1% to 5%
OIDA, the p
y high. This
ample spa
e chunks of
er Plans o
er open sp
ance with
space b
space. How
ng to the W
wide variati
s, cities in
0% covera
aces per ca
ty of urban
merica. (Re
an Green G
y inhabitan
adversely
reen has b
ery is one
pulation d
y. An attem
for differen
usal of the f
space var
the wide va
NOIDA ha
Bengaluru,
%. It is inter
per capita
s is illustrat
ce for urba
f land unde
of selected
pace excep
WHO norm
ased on
wever, it i
WHO norm
ions both i
the world
age of tota
apita. Mos
n open spa
f: Table 6.
Guidelines, 2
Pa
nts and na
y impacted
become lim
of the way
ensity is
mpt has b
nt cities ba
following ta
ries from 0
ariation. C
ave more t
Ludhiana
resting to n
availabilit
ted by the
an greens
er green.
d Indian c
pt for Chen
ms and wo
the projec
is for the
ms in future
n coverage
renowned
l geograph
t of the Ind
aces than t
1, page 11
2014
age | 10
ature
the
mited
ys to
also
been
ased
able
0.81
ities
than
and
note
y of
fact
with
cities
nnai
orks
cted
city
.
e as
d for
hical
dian
their
1)
Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD Page | 11
Table 6.1: Area under “Recreation” in Indian cities. (existing and proposed)
Source: Compiled from Master Plans of Indian cities
TCPO, G
Green
spaces
the pe
improv
space
New D
the con
been p
deman
Govern
accoun
availab
of Nati
“Green
Municip
the Pa
in Del
Garden
Millenn
B
GoI, MoUD
spaces co
s to play, e
ople of a
ving the he
that exists
Delhi, the c
nsistent em
possible d
nds of the
nment of N
nts for 20%
bility of aro
ional Capit
n Capital”
pal Counc
rks & Gard
hi. The c
ns, Mugha
nium Park a
Lodhi Gard
Buddha Park
omprise of
exercise or
city by im
ealth of p
in a city is
capital of In
mphasis to
despite the
e Commo
NCT Delhi,
% of the to
ound 22 sq
tal Territor
Mission e
cil (NDMC
den society
ity has so
l Gardens,
and The G
den
k
the variet
enjoy. Th
mproving a
people, am
s measured
ndia, is one
greening a
e infrastruc
nwealth G
, Delhi had
tal area of
qm. Beside
ry (NCT) D
.g. Municip
) and Del
y has been
ome well-
, Deer Par
Garden of F
Indra
Mu
ty of parks
hese space
air quality,
mong other
d against it
e of the gr
and strict m
cture proje
Games 20
d about 30
f 1483 sqk
es, Depart
Delhi, ther
pal Corpor
hi Develop
n set up to
maintained
rk, Budha J
Five Sense
aprastha Pa
ughal Garde
Urba
s and gard
es contribu
reducing
r benefits.
ts populati
reenest cap
monitoring
ects, whic
010. As p
00 sqkm o
km making
tment of E
re are man
ration of D
pment Aut
o coordinat
d parks a
Jayanti Sm
es besides
Fig. 6.1: Urb
ark
ens
an Green G
ens that e
ute to the q
heat islan
The qua
on.
pitals in the
of tree cu
ch came u
per Forest
of green ar
per capita
Environmen
ny agencie
Delhi (MCD
thority (DD
te the gree
and garde
marak Park
the Ridge
ban Green S
Deer P
Garde
Guidelines, 2
Pa
exist in a c
quality of lif
nd effect,
ntity of gr
e world du
tting. This
up due to
t Departm
rea in 200
a green sp
nt and For
es working
D), New D
DA). Rece
ening activ
ns like Lo
k, Indrapras
.
Spaces of D
Park
n of 5 sense
2014
age | 12
city -
fe of
and
reen
ue to
has
the
ment,
9. It
pace
ests
g for
Delhi
ntly,
vities
odhi
stha
Delhi
es
TCP
The
grow
soli
rest
surf
pav
pav
It h
citie
pav
plan
aro
do
new
pru
heig
PO, GoI, MoU
Impact
ere is a ke
wing in tre
d paving v
tricted gro
faces. In
vement. W
vement rep
as been o
es owing
vements ha
nted on roa
und them
not have e
w roots to
ning of br
ght, they lo
UD
t of concr
een comp
ee pits or
very close
owing spa
some cas
While in oth
pair work.
observed t
to heavy
as much to
adsides as
has shrun
enough roo
form eith
ranches to
ose strengt
retization o
etition for
planters s
to the tree
ce and th
ses, tree
her situatio
hat many
rain and
o do with t
s well as o
k, having b
om to sprea
her. Other
o make wa
th to withst
of paveme
space in
surrounded
e trunks. T
he lack of
roots grow
ons, roots
trees and
wind. St
the falling
on central v
been pave
ad or grow
weakenin
ay for ove
tand strong
F
U
ents
urban are
d with conc
These trees
f air and
w vigorous
may be
tree bran
trong wind
of trees. M
verges. Ov
ed or ceme
w strong en
g factor o
rhead utili
g winds.
Fig. 7.1: Imp
Fig. 7.2: De
Urban Gree
eas. Trees
crete in a
s often suf
water und
sly and ev
cut off or
ches have
ds apart,
Many of th
ver the yea
ented. This
nough. The
of roadside
ities, often
permeable T
esirable roo
en Guideline
s are often
paved are
ffer from s
der imper
ven dama
damaged
e fallen in
concretisa
e trees are
ars, the ope
s means th
ere is no sp
e trees –
n lopsided
Tiling aroun
ot pits aroun
es, 2014
Page | 13
n found
ea, with
severely
rmeable
age the
during
various
ation of
e those
en area
he roots
pace for
regular
due to
nd trees
nd trees
TCPO, G
8.1 The m
trees a
Therefo
plantat
While
i) Sp
ii) Sp
ha
iii) Sp
iv) Th
su
v) Th
vi) Th
vii) Th
ex
viii) Th
ix) Th
co
The ma
growin
provide
point o
lmli an
selecte
be plan
more t
the edg
GoI, MoUD
Policy Gu Roads
ost commo
are planted
ore, it is
tion schem
selecting t
pecies shou
pecies sho
ve achieve
pecies havi
he species
mmer.
he species
he trees sh
he species
pensive pr
he species
he comme
nsidered w
ain functio
g and prov
e shade no
of view, tre
d Mango
ed provide
nted in suc
han 30 me
ge of ROW
uidelines f
on use of
d at wrong
necessary
me for roads
tree specie
uld suit the
uld be har
ed certain g
ing long life
must be e
must be fa
ould be de
should no
runing or re
should be
rcial, aest
while makin
on of a roa
vide dense
ot only on
es with, an
are more
shade the
ch a way th
eters wide,
W line may
for strengt
trees is o
locations o
y to lay d
s.
es, the follo
e soil and c
rdy, robus
growth.
e should b
either everg
ast growing
eep rooted
ot be allow
emoval.
capable o
thetic and
ng choices
dside aven
e shade sh
the sides,
n umbrella
suitable o
ey also yiel
hat their cr
, a double
be used.
thening U
n roads an
or places,
down cert
owing crite
climatic co
t and shou
be preferred
green or n
g and wind
; shallow ro
wed to gro
of easy tran
social va
s.
nue is sha
hould be se
but also in
a or semi-u
n Nationa
d valuable
rowns may
avenue of
Urba
rban Gree
nd avenue
the safety
tain criteri
eria should
nditions.
uld need l
d.
nearly ever
d resistant.
oots injure
ow into a v
nsplantatio
alues of s
ade. Hence
elected. Th
n the cente
umbrella cr
l and State
e timber an
y develop f
f trees with
an Green G
ens
es. If the w
of traffic is
a before
be taken i
ittle attent
rgreen or b
e pavemen
very large
on.
species sh
e, trees wh
he trees se
er of the ro
rown like N
e highway
nd fruit. The
freely. Whe
h the oute
Guidelines, 2
Pa
wrong kind
s endange
adopting
nto accoun
tion once t
be leafy du
ts.
size requi
hould also
hich are qu
elected sho
oad. From
Neem, Mah
ys. If the tr
e trees sho
ere the roa
r avenue n
2014
age | 14
s of
ered.
any
nt:
they
uring
iring
o be
uick-
ould
this
hua,
rees
ould
ad is
near
TCP
Pla
1
2
3
4
The
guid
8.2 Ave
high
high
ave
irre
from
on
ava
hav
inne
PO, GoI, MoU
nting of tre
1. Avenue
2. Group P
3. Mixed
4. Informa
e planting
de lines ar
Avenuenue plant
hways. Lo
h, may ind
enues is al
gular inter
m a uniform
curves an
ailable dou
ving separa
er row con
UD
ees along r
e Planting
Planting
Planting
al Planting
should be
re useful in
ue Plantatiting consi
ng avenue
duce drows
lso noticed
rvals of say
m alignme
d undulati
uble avenu
ate pedest
sisting of o
roads may
e suitable
n selecting
ion ists of pla
es may bec
siness. Lo
d. These d
y 30-75 m
ent. Avenu
ng contou
ues of tree
rian footpa
ornamenta
y be in the f
for differ
tree types
anting are
come mon
oss or irreg
disadvanta
etres and
e planting
rs. In larg
es may b
ath, the out
al flowering
U
following m
rent locatio
.
eas in sing
otonous a
gular grow
ges may b
by off-sett
will take a
e cities an
e provided
ter rows co
g trees may
Urban Gree
manner:
ons. The
gle or do
nd where
wth of indiv
be overcom
ting the tre
a distinct f
nd location
d. On div
onsisting o
y be adopt
Fig. 8.2:
en Guideline
following g
ouble rows
travel spee
vidual tree
me by plan
ees by 1 to
form of tre
ns, where,
ided carria
of shady tre
ted.
Avenue Pla
es, 2014
Page | 15
general
s along
eds are
in long
nting at
o 1.5 m
eatment
land is
ageway
ees and
antation
TCPO, G
8.3 Group
overco
group s
road. T
exact c
land is
GoI, MoUD
Group Plaplanting c
omes the m
should not
The advan
conditions
not an iss
antation consists of
monotony o
t be unifor
tage of thi
at each sit
ue.
f planting
of avenue p
rm. This sh
is system
te. This sys
a clump o
planting. T
hould be s
is that it h
stem shou
Urba
of 3 or 4 t
To be more
staggered o
elps in sel
ld be follow
an Green G
rees along
e effective
on opposit
lecting tree
wed where
Fig. 8.3: Gr
Guidelines, 2
Pa
g the high
the spacin
te sides of
e types to
e availabilit
roup Planta
2014
age | 16
way
ng of
f the
suit
ty of
ation
TCP
8.4 Mix
sing
she
and
pre
var
PO, GoI, MoU
Mixed xed plantin
gle variety
edding of l
d fruit in
served th
ieties will s
UD
Plantationng consists
y. This sy
eaves take
different
roughout.
survive and
n s of select
ystem avo
es place in
seasons a
During st
d will prote
ting differe
ids monot
n different
and thus
torm, whe
ect the wea
U
ent varietie
tony of si
seasons.
the aesth
en wind ve
aker varieti
Urban Gree
es of trees
ingle varie
The plant
hetic value
elocity is
es too.
Fig. 8.4
en Guideline
, rather th
ety plantin
ts provide
e of aven
high, the
4: Mixed Pla
es, 2014
Page | 17
han one
ng. The
flowers
nues is
harder
antation
Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD Page | 18
8.5 Informal Plantation In urban fringe settings, avenue planting may include formal landscape on an
otherwise informal one. Single trees may be featured where practicable,
providing visual interest.
Fig. 8.5: Informal Plantation
Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD Page | 19
8.6 Spacing of Trees
No hard and fast rule may be laid down for the spacing of avenue trees; it
depends on the type of trees. A minimum spacing of 10-12 m should be followed.
The trees in the formal avenue planting should be planted in rows on either side
of the road in a staggered manner. At urban intersections the trees should be at
least 3 mt away from the intersections for right viewing distance.
(A) Trees which provide thick cover and are also valuable from the economic and
aesthetic point of view should be planted along the National and State Highways.
Some of these are:
NEEM: (Azadirachta indica) It can grow in any type of poor but well drained soil.
However, it prefers loam and sandy soil. It can tolerate alkali but cannot
withstand water logging or sea coast conditions.
MAHUA: (Madhuca latifolia) It prefers light well drained soils but can also be
grown on dry, rocky and sandy soil. It can withstand mild alkalies, but not water
logging.
IMLI: (Tramarindus indica) It is a beautiful tree which withstands the dust on road
very well; its fruits and timber are also valuable. Suitable for dry areas.
SHISHAM : (Dalbergia sisso) It yields excellent timber. Suitable for sub-
Himalayan districts where rainfall is over 1,000 mm.
MANGO : (Mangifera indica) Suitable for clay or mixed soil with water level 10 m.
or less.
SUFED SIRIS: (Albizia procera) A quick growing beautiful tree which grows
easily on sandy soil. On account of the light yellow colour of the trunk, it reflects
even weak-light: and is an excellent roadside tree.
RAIN TREE: (Samanca Saman) Suitable for moist districts with a rainfall of over
1000mm.
Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD Page | 20
(B) Trees Unsuitable for Roadside Avenues: On no account should the following trees be planted along the roadside:
Brittle Trees- Eucalyptus: All species- Millingtonia hortensis, Albizia lebbeck, Cassia siamea, Ficus glomerata. All these trees have very weak wood, and consequently, break easily in a wind-
storm. The result is that after the storm, roads become blocked and traffic is
stopped for a considerable length of time, and during a storm, these trees are a
menace to the travelers who happen to be on the road.
(C) Thorny Trees: Acacia nilotica Acacia modesta Ziziphus mauritiana These are thorny trees and their thorns are nuisance for pneumatic tyres.
Trees Suitable For Town Roads: Foliage trees for outer avenues
Averrhoa carambola Pterygota alata Callistemon lanceolatum Samanoa saman
Anthocephalus cadamba Azadirachta indica Alstonia Scholaris Eugenia operculata
Tamarindus indica Polyalthia longifolia Putranjiva roxburghii
Flowering Trees for Inner Avenues
Cassia fistula Bauhina purpurea Colvillea recemosa Peltophorum ferrugineum
Spathodea nilotica Jacranda acutifolia Delonix regia Crevillea robusta
Roads Passing Through Special Areas It is neither possible nor advisable to lay down the rigid standards for the landscape
treatment to be given to roads passing through the different areas. It is, therefore
useful if some general guidelines are provided for the treatment of special areas.
8.7 Water Logged Areas The type of landscape treatment to be given also depends upon the extent of water
logging in the area. Roads are generally on high embankments in water logged
areas. It should have mild slopes and the surface should be covered with some
shrubs so that road merges into the surroundings. Whenever possible some water
Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD Page | 21
bodies may be developed and may be used as picnic spots. The species for such
areas should be so selected that they can grow well under the waterlogged
conditions not requiring much maintenance.
8.8 Sandy Areas In sandy areas such species should be planted which have least water requirements
and are wind-resistant.
8.9 Wooded Areas As far as possible roads should be aligned along the outskirt of the forest and it
should form a part of the road landscape; cutting of trees should be avoided. Even if
it is necessary to cut certain trees, it should neither disturb appearance of the forest
nor the animal life. The felling of trees should be done in stages i.e., first the thinning
be done at the proposed road/ land boundary then the gaps from where thinning was
done be planted with low and medium plantation and lastly when the new plantation
comes up the central area be cleared from the road.
8.10 Industrial Areas Where the roads are passing through the industrial area, screen planting should be
done on both sides of the road so that views are addressed and they act as a buffer
for noise and air pollution. In conditions where chemical industries are existing or
are proposed it is advisable to have a thick green buffer which is resistant to
obnoxious fumes.
8.11 Parking areas The most desirable plant material in parking area is trees and shrubs. Trees provide
shade in summer and improve the environment of a car park, provide a visual break
to the appearance, screen off parking areas and define some of the rows of parking.
In urban situations and particularly in congested areas where large parking spaces
are required, planting may be affected by atmospheric pollution in several ways. In
parking areas such trees should be planted which are suitable for situations where
they will be exposed to pollution. It should be noted that deciduous trees shed leaves
intermittently and maintenance is needed to keep drainage clear. Therefore, this
aspect should be taken into account while planting trees, in parking areas. Shady
and flowering trees are most suitable for parking areas.
TCPO, G
Plantin
large s
them to
until th
should
sugges
Sites f
months
1.25m
diamet
manure
Januar
Septem
Immed
should
around
done p
All the
contain
the abo
means
maturit
It is, h
depend
any kin
small d
GoI, MoUD
Maintenanng operatio
scale plant
o become-
hey have b
be plann
sted to plan
for pits sho
s before pl
x 1.25m s
ter of 2m
e where w
ry and Fe
mber.
diately afte
be adequ
d the plants
periodically
plants req
n nitrogen,
ove should
s plenty of
ty and assi
however, w
ds upon th
nd should
doses is be
nce of Plaons requir
ting is req
- marketab
become su
ned in an
nt double t
ould be p
lanting. Dw
should nor
is necess
water is av
ebruary an
er planting
uately wate
s to preven
y.
quire good
phosphor
d be used
wood and
ists in the r
worthwhile
he type of
not come
etter than c
ant Materiares careful
quired. Suc
ble. The pla
ufficiently
area of g
the numbe
lanned an
warf trees s
rmally be s
sary. The
vailable. Th
nd for othe
g, fencing
ered for 2
nt the soil
manure fo
rous and p
. Nitrogen
d leaves a
ripening of
to remem
soil availa
in direct c
casual hea
al l planning
ch a nurse
ants shoul
hard to w
good soil
er of plants
d located
should be
sufficient in
pit should
he best tim
ers in the
of suitabl
-3 years a
from gettin
or the prop
potash, and
increases
nd little flo
f fruits.
mber that q
able. Care
contact wit
avy manurin
U
. Nursery
ery will se
d be allow
ithstand tr
and wher
required s
beforehan
grown 1.5
n ordinary
be filled
me for pla
pre mon
e size sh
and tended
ng hard. R
per develo
d hence a
s the plant
ower and f
quantity of
should be
th plant. R
ng.
Urban Gree
will be e
lect the se
wed to rem
ransplantat
re water is
so as to ac
nd, prefera
5 to 3 m ap
soil thoug
with a mi
anting deci
soon mon
hould be d
d and care
emoval of
opment. Go
mixture of
growth, e
fruits. Phos
f manure t
e taken tha
Regular ma
en Guideline
Pa
conomical
eeds and
ain in the
tion. The
s adequat
ccount for l
ably three
part. Pits o
gh in hard
xture of s
duous tree
nths from
done. The
eful diggin
weeds sh
ood manur
f the manu
xcess of n
sphorus qu
to be adde
at raw ma
anuring ev
es, 2014
age | 22
where
nurture
nursery
nursery
te. It is
osses.
to four
of a size
soil the
soil and
es is in
July to
e plants
ng done
ould be
re must
ure from
nitrogen
uickens
ed also
anure of
en with
Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD Page | 23
i) Maintenance Careful maintenance of plant material consists of removing parasites, removing
unhealthy branches, pruning, removing dead or dangerous plants and manuring from
time to time. Constant watch and supervision is necessary.
ii) Tiling of pavements: pervious material to be used Unnecessary and excessive tiling of the roadside pavements should be avoided. The
area around trees should not be covered with tiling as it hampers the basic
necessary functions and needs of the trees. In addition root aeration and availability
of water gets drastically reduced. Whatever tiling is done, pervious tiles should be
used. Roots of the trees should be protected, top soil should be preserved while
taking up civic works. Indiscriminate tiling of road dividers and foot paths should be
avoided.
Tiling is to be done only on pavements with heavy pedestrian traffic. In case of
bridges and such areas where there are no pedestrian movements, tiling may be
avoided and in case tiling is to be done, preference is to be given to pervious tiles.
The species of trees may be chosen for their pollution reduction and abatement
qualities including dust trapping and to avoid reliance of a single species, a
combination of trees, shrubs, grass should be grown.
iii) Growth of grass to be encouraged The necessity of grass playing a vital role in making the soil suitable for vegetation
should be realized and unnecessary digging of soil should be avoided.
iv) Excessive pruning to be avoided Practice of excessive pruning should be avoided. Pruning of plants in a well nurtured
garden and pruning of roadside plants should be differentiated. Excessive pruning
may lead to upsetting the root; shoot ratio. Leaf pruning should not be resorted to
indiscriminately.
Fig. 9.1: Perforated tiling for pavements
TCPO, G
v) CoLeaf is
pollutio
which w
be left
vi) AdA minim
widenin
asphal
Activitie
vii) DiDigging
avoide
trees. I
done o
viii) UsDead
compo
fixing b
into the
ix) PlaNew t
prefera
GoI, MoUD
ompost to s an exce
on. A syst
will provide
near the tr
dequate spmum area
ng of road
ted roads
es which a
igging neag near the
d to avoid
In no case
on a tri-mon
se of Orgatrees may
ost in the p
bacterial c
e soil befor
anting of srees whic
ably 2-3m b
be made llent mate
tem of com
e water re
ree base a
pace to bea of 1.25 m
ds upto the
which will
adversely a
ar trees toe trees by
root injury
e should ro
nthly basis
anic Compy be repla
its. Organi
ulture and
re either irr
second linch may be
behind the
of leaves erial for m
mposting o
tentive ma
s water ret
e left aroum x 1.25 m
e trunk of t
gradually
affect the ro
o be avoidallowing te
y; sufficien
oots be exp
s to get rid
post aced by y
ic manure
d neem ca
rigating the
ne trees toe called a
e existing li
aking com
of leaves
anure to civ
tentive mu
nd treesm around t
trees is to
die. In ca
oots are to
ded elephone,
nt space sh
posed. Wa
of particula
young plan
added wit
ke should
e tree basi
o be encouas second
ine of trees
Fig
U
mpost and
in nearby
vic agencie
ulch.
he trees s
be avoide
ase of stor
o be minim
electricity
hould be le
ashing of a
ate matter
nts after p
h compost
be spread
n or before
uraged d generatio
s in an alte
g. 9.2: Desir
Urban Gree
burning o
y parks sh
es, some f
should be l
ed as roots
rm, these t
ized.
, sewerage
eft along th
avenue tree
from the fo
providing s
t FYM mix
d on the g
e rains.
on trees
ernate pos
rable Space
en Guideline
Pa
of leaves
hould be a
fallen leav
left un-cem
s come un
trees may
e lines sho
he ground
es foliage
oliage.
sufficient
with Nitro
green and
must be
sition or ins
e around tre
es, 2014
age | 24
causes
adopted
ves may
mented,
nder the
topple.
ould be
for the
may be
organic
genous
poured
planted
side the
ee roots
Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD Page | 25
bungalow compounds, a mix of foliage and fruit trees should be planted. Planting of
fairly well established large trees should be undertaken as chances of their survival
will be more. Species to be adopted may be similar to the old trees lining roads.
x) Initiation of IEC activities Horticulture Department of the city concerned may initiate education/awareness
campaign with School students and elders and users of the park where the different
species of trees are present in a particular park and importance about preservation
of eco-systems explained. School students may be taken for nature walks in major
gardens to get them acquainted with the flora and fauna around them. Also the
citizens of an area residing near a park may be involved for this awareness
campaign.
xi) Compactness of soil near trees to be avoided Compactness of soil should be avoided within at least 1.25 m around the tree trunk.
Perforated metallic frame may be used for this purpose. Soil surveys around the
trees should be done by removing stones,
xii) Setting up of a Central Resource Centre A Central Resource Centre should be set up to aid and advice the State
Governments, Municipal Corporations and other agencies dealing with matters
pertaining to Horticulture and Landscaping.
xiii) Stress on Shelter beds of thick trees Around the cities vulnerable to desert winds, shelter-beds of special design of thick
trees should be planted.
xiv) Updating technology of transplantation of trees: Technology for transplantation of trees should be updated to ensure at least 80
percent success rate. As far as possible, trees grown in the nursery with a height of
four to six meters should be planted. Presently, survival rate of trees is less due to
animal menace and neglect. Public participation in caring of trees planted may be
ensured.
Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD Page | 26
xv) Setting up of a tree disease surgery unit in Horticulture Department A small tree disease/surgery unit should be created in the Horticulture Departments
to cure tree maladies.
xvi) Earmarking of some cost of projects for landscaping In any layout plan and housing development, at least two and a half percent of the
cost of the project should be earmarked for landscaping and green development.
xvii) Use of kitchen and garden waste for compost Technology to use kitchen and garden waste to fabricate building and landscaping
material should be perfected and made available to all agencies.
xviii) Recharge of aquifers Underground water does not get recharged sufficiently because of use of concrete.
Efforts should be made to get recharge the underground aquifers.
xix) Heritage buildings to be landscaped: Areas adjacent to heritage buildings should be suitably landscaped and beautified.
xx) Encouragement for water harvesting technologies Information regarding water harvesting has to be disseminated to people at large
and its use encouraged. !t should be ensured that quality of water does not get
deteriorated for which measures are to be taken.
xxi) For maintenance of greens internally Criss-cross paths should be provided in parks with connecting gates.
xxii) Public participation to be ensured Public participation at present is poor in the maintenance of greens. This has to be
sensitized through Residents Welfare Associations who need to be involved in
planting of new trees and in their upkeep. User groups need to be activated. NGO's
can play a catalytic role in this regard. Each NGO may earmark a selected area for
its activities thereby dividing the entire area. A Committee with officials from various
Departments may act as nodal contact and may review progress every month or as
necessary.
TCPO, G
Open
nature.
this, it
of the
their fu
apart f
conser
Depen
adequa
in chec
whole-
prepara
followin
The en
and its
Depart
develo
As a b
permitt
of the
GoI, MoUD
Integratio
spaces se
. If planned
is recomm
Master/De
unction ca
from orga
rvation area
ding upon
ately provid
cking encr
to-part app
ation of s
ng before m
Settlemen
Transporta
Areas to b
existing fo
Reserved
Area earm
Agricultura
the city an
ntire area o
region ma
tment/Urba
pment of t
basic princ
ted to be c
city at the
on of Urba
erve a ver
d properly
mended tha
evelopmen
n be withi
anized ope
as, natural
n the req
ded and s
roachments
proach of s
patial dev
making the
ts, their hie
ation netwo
be protec
orests, hist
forest area
marked for
al areas s
nd reserved
outside the
ay be desi
an Develop
he city and
ciple, the a
changed to
time of its
n Green S
ry importan
, they help
at a system
nt Plan of
in the city
en spaces
l landscape
quirement
hould be w
s and cha
spatial plan
velopment
e master p
erarchy an
ork.
ted and pr
torical mon
as (both ex
social fore
pecifying a
d for other
e proposed
ignated as
pment Aut
d the city re
agricultura
o urban use
s periodic
Spaces
nt purpose
p in mainta
m of open s
the city. T
and /or o
s for recre
e areas an
of the c
well defined
nges in fu
nning be p
plan of e
lan of the c
nd function
reserved i
numents, m
xisting and
ests,
areas gen
agricultura
d urbanisa
s rural area
thority (wh
egion) sho
l area of t
e unless in
review or
U
e in the re
aining ecolo
spaces be
These ope
on its outs
eation pur
nd social fo
ity, these
d in area a
unctional u
racticed. T
ach city a
city:
s.
ncluding n
mining sites
d proposed
nerally rese
al purpose
able limit o
a and the T
hichever is
ould regula
the city an
ncorporated
at the end
Urban Gree
elationship
ogical bala
provided a
n spaces,
skirts. They
rposes, ar
orests.
open sp
and land u
se. It is em
This calls fo
and its reg
natural con
s etc.;
d)
erved for g
s.
f the urban
Town and
s in charg
te its use.
nd its regio
d in the rev
d of the pla
en Guideline
Pa
of man a
ance. High
as part and
dependin
y should i
reas reser
paces sho
se. This w
mphasized
or delineat
gion show
nservation
gardens to
n centres i
Country P
e of the p
on should
vised mast
an period.
es, 2014
age | 27
and the
hlighting
d parcel
ng upon
nclude,
rved as
ould be
will help
d that a
ion and
wing the
areas,
o serve
n a city
Planning
planned
not be
ter plan
With a
Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD Page | 28
view to helping in implementation of the above, it is recommended that the zoning
regulations covering the city region should specifically include the following
provisions for the rural areas.
All residential activity shall be limited to the existing or extended boundaries of the
urban fringe as proposed in the Master/Development Plan of the city and its region.
No structure of a permanent nature for residential or any other purpose shall be
permitted in the agricultural area.
With a view to preserving the rural–urban fringe and also for preventing it from ribbon
development, it is recommended that a forest belt be provided on either side of all
major roads passing through rural areas. For this purpose the right of the way of
these roads may be appropriately earmarked.
Based upon the current practice of developing farm houses on the outskirts of the
city and in the green belt zones where it is being permitted, It is observed that there
exists a demand, particularly in metropolitan centres for low density residential
development with large plots In case where this demand exists and where, as part
of development objectives low density residential areas with large size plots are to
be provided, the following two alternative strategies are recommended:
Design this low density residential zone as an integral part of the Master
Plan/Development within the proposed urbanisable limits of the city; or design
these areas as self-contained low density satellite communities around the
metropolitan centre, with or without farms to be managed and owned by urban
dwellers, which are located far beyond the expected future (atleast upto next 50-60
years) urbanisable limits of the city.
In order to sustain/preserve/conserve urban greens in long run, it is important to
integrate urban greens at different levels. Typically a Master Plan of city needs to
provide green spaces as per the hierarchy. The green spaces may be planned as
well incidental. Following green spaces need to be protected/conserved and it is also
to be ensured that they are not unnecessarily encroached upon or subject to
construction activities:
Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD Page | 29
• Area around flood plains
• Area around marine drive along coastal zones in case of coastal
cities/towns,
• Area under mountainous slopes in case of hill towns
• Area around natural drains
In order to protect the above mentioned environmentally sensitive areas, it is
necessary that following actions need to be taken by the city planning authorities:
Declaring the environmental sensitive zone as no construction/development
zone. This has to be ensured in the proposed/existing landuse plan of a city.
While framing zoning regulations, it has to be ensured that only those
activities are to be allowed which may not have any adverse impact on
environment, and should not lead to addition of built up space.
Cities /towns which are located in valleys or where remnants of old mountains
like Aravalli, Shivalik, Satpura, Western Ghats etc. need to take measures for
strengthening the slopes by aforestation and regulating construction activities
without compromising the overall natural environment of the cities/towns in
the said zones.
SUBCITY /ZONAL LEVEL At the Zonal level, planned greens are generally found in the form of District
Park/Sub-District Park/playgrounds, which may be located at various parts of the
zone. It has to be ensured that the different open spaces need to be inter linked by
providing connectivity/linkages and should be maintained/ developed in an integrated
manner.
SECTOR/NEIGHBOURHOOD LEVEL At the Sector/Neighborhood level, planned green spaces are provided in the form of
neighborhood parks/tot-lots. These have to be properly maintained in terms of
irrigating the plants /trees and making the provision of pruning at regular intervals.
x x
Urban Green Guidelines, 2014
TCPO, GoI, MoUD Page | 30
References: 1. National Mission for a Green India, Draft submitted to Prime Minister’s Council
on Climate Change, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of
India, 2010.
2. Guidelines for Greening of Urban Areas and Landscaping, Ministry of Urban
Affairs and Poverty Alleviation, Government of India, 2000.
3. Green City Guidelines, Advice for the protection and enhancement of
biodiversity in medium to high-density urban developments, UCD Urban
Institute. Ireland, 2008.
4. Manual on norms and standards for environment clearance of large
construction projects, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of
India, 2005.
5. Proceedings of Session Challenges of Urban Green Development, Workshop
on Climate Change Mitigation and Energy Use Optimization, International
Congress on Urban Green Spaces. New Delhi, 2012.
6. Good Practices for Urban Greening, Environment Division of the Social
Programs and Sustainable Development Department of the Inter-American
Development Bank. Washington, 1997.
7. Guide on Plant Materials for Landscaping in India, Town and Country
Planning Organization, Ministry of Works and Housing, 1980.