8th National Nutrition Survey Anthropometric...
Transcript of 8th National Nutrition Survey Anthropometric...
Philippine Nutrition
Facts and Figures 2013
8th
National Nutrition Survey
Anthropometric Survey
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila
July 2015
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
ISSN 1655-2911
NNS 2015-A002
This report summarizes the result on the Anthropometric Survey of the 8th National Nutrition Survey:
Philippines, 2013 undertaken by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Science
and Technology (FNRI-DOST).
Additional information on the survey may be obtained from the FNRI-DOST, DOST Compound,
Gen. Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines 1631
Tel. Numbers: (632) 837-2071 local 2282/2296; 839-1846
Telefax: (632) 837-2934; 839-1843
Email [email protected] [email protected]
Website www.fnri.dost.gov.ph
Recommended Citation: Food and Nutrition Research Institute-Department of Science and
Technology (FNRI-DOST). (2015). Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013: Anthropometric
Survey. FNRI Bldg., DOST Compound, Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Table of Contents i
Foreword ii
The 8th
National Nutrition Survey Management Team iii
Acknowledgements iv
List of Acronyms v
Operational Definition vi
List of Tables vii
List of Figures xi
List of Appendices xiv
Summary of Findings 1
1 Introduction 3
2 Methodology 4
2.1 Sampling Design 4
2.2 Scope and Coverage 4
2.3 Survey Methods 5
2.4 Survey Questionnaire 8
2.5 Ethical Review 9
2.6 NSCB/PSA Review and Approval 9
2.7 Data Processing and Analysis 9
3 Results 13
3.1 Nutritional Status of Preschool-Age Children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months) 13
3.2 Nutritional Status of School-Age Children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months) 29
3.3 Nutritional Status of Children, 0-10.0 years old (0-120 months) 41
3.4 Nutritional Status of Adolescent Children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months) 43
3.5 Nutritional Status of Adults, 20.0 year-old and over 53
3.5.1. Obesity among Adults, 20.0 year-old and over 59
3.6 Nutritional Status of Pregnant and Lactating Women 68
3.6.1 Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women 68
3.6.2 Nutritional Status of Lactating Women 70
3.7 Birthweight of Young children, 0-3.9 years old (0-47 months) 74
4 Conclusions and Implications 78
5 References 79
6 Appendices 80
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FOREWORD
As mandated in Executive Order No. 128 and 352, the Food and Nutrition Research Institute
(FNRI) incessantly conducts National Nutrition Survey every five years to define the country’s food,
nutrition, and health situation. However, over the years it has become more than just stating the
nutritional status of Filipinos. It became a way of tracking our progress towards achieving the
Millennium Development Goals of reducing poverty and hunger, and child mortality, improving
maternal health and combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other health disorders.
The NNS serves as source of data and information for program and policy makers, both in
private and public sectors, to aid in the preparation and development of interventions that would
address the malnutrition problems our country is still facing now; not just undernutrition but also the
emerging problem on overnutrition in both children and adults. Thus, we do hope that this Facts and
Figures on Anthropometric Survey will be useful and informative enough to cause initiatives that
would benefit the Filipino people. Likewise, we also hope that this will help the authorities see how
far their initial actions are reaching those in need, and if they still need to extend their efforts further.
This monograph discusses the nutritional status of Filipinos in different age groups and
physiological status and compared the prevalences from the past NNS to get a sharp view on our
progress towards eliminating malnutrition. We hope that through this, each one of us - citizens,
NGOs, and government - would be aware of our country’s nutritional status; that we are faced with
the double burden of malnutrition, and we cannot do it alone. Remember that malnutrition is
multifactorial and multifaceted; it is not just a problem of one and it cannot be solved by dealing with
only one factor. It would need the help of each one of us, private and public sectors. And as we near
the MDG end line, let us make sure that existing interventions are in full effect and are targeting the
right population. Let us make sure that we are one big step closer to reducing malnutrition.
MARIO V. CAPANZANA, Ph.D.
Director
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
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THE 8TH
NATIONAL NUTRITION SURVEY MANAGEMENT TEAM
Mario V. Capanzana, Ph.D.
Project Director
Imelda A. Agdeppa, Ph.D.
Project Leader 2012-April 2014
Cecilia Cristina Santos-Acuin, M.D., Ph.D.
Project Leader May 2014-2015
EDITORS
Mario V. Capanzana, Ph.D.
Cecilia Cristina Santos-Acuin, M.D., Ph.D.
COMPONENT STUDY LEADERS
Ma. Adrienne S. Constantino
Household Dietary Component and
Individual Dietary Component (2012-2014)
Ma. Lilibeth P. Dasco, M.S. (Applied Nutrition)
Anthropometry Component
Marina B. Vargas, Ph.D. (Human Nutrition) Individual Dietary Component
(January 2015 – Present)
Leah A. Perlas, M.S. (Human Nutrition) Biochemical Component
Eva A. Goyena, M.F.S.N.
Clinical Component
( May 2012 - May 2014)
Chona F. Patalen, M.P.H.
Clinical Component
(June 2014 – Present)
Mildred O. Guirindola, M.P.S.-F.N.P. Maternal Health and Nutrition (April 2015-
Present) and IYCF Components
Cristina G. Malabad, M.S.P.H. (Nutrition) Maternal and Health Nutrition Component
(2014 - March 2015)
Milagros C. Chavez
Government Program Participation Component
Maria Belina N. Nueva España, M.S.
(Applied Nutrition)
Food Security Component
DATA MANAGEMENT
Charmaine A. Duante, M.S. Epidemiology
(Public Health)
Head, Nutritional Statistics and Informatics Team
Glen Melvin P. Gironella
Senior Statistician
Ma. Lynell V. Maniego Statistician
Eldridge B. Ferrer, M.S.
(Applied Economics and Statistics) Statistician
Apple Joy D. Ducay
Statistician
Jeffrey Y. De Leon, M.I.T. Senior Programmer and Developer of e-DCS
Mae Ann S.A. Javier
Programmer and Developer of e-DCS
FINAL REPORT WRITERS
Ma. Lilibeth P. Dasco, M.S.A.N.
Alysya Marie D. Pedraza
Juamina Belen T. Quiogue Jannet O. Gutierez
Gerwin N. Flores
Cristilyn T. Atrero
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Food and Nutrition Research Institute gratefully acknowledges the following:
The National Statistics Office (NSO) for technical assistance by providing the sampling frame of
barangays and household listings;
The Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), Local Government Units (LGUs) and the
Governors, Mayors and the Barangay (village) Captains and their constituents for direct
assistance in field survey operations;
The National Nutrition Council of the Department of Health (NNC-DOH) through its Regional
Nutrition Program Coordinators (RNPCs) and Provincial/City and Municipal Nutrition Action
Officers (PNAOs/CNAOs and MNAOs) for sharing their untiring guidance and incessant
support during field data collection;
The Department of Science and Technology Regional Directors (RDs) and Provincial Science and
Technology Directors (PSTDs) for their assistance especially in the recruitment of field staff,
and conduct of training and pre-survey coordination in the regions;
Dr. Arturo Y. Pacificador, as statistical consultant, for the technical guidance in sampling design;
The FNRI’s Finance and Administrative Division staff for their invaluable support services to the
project;
All the 35,825 households and their 172,323 individuals/members for their indispensable participation
and utmost cooperation in the survey; and
All the FNRI technical and non-technical staff, local researchers, local survey aides, and numerous
others who have provided their inputs, involvement, and contribution to the fruition of the 8th
National Nutrition Survey: Philippines, 2013.
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
ARMM Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
BMI Body Mass Index
CALABARZON Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon
CAR Cordillera Administrative Region
CED Chronic Energy Deficiency
CI Confidence Interval
CV Coefficient of Variation
HFA Height-for-Age
LL Lower Limit
MIMAROPA Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan
NCHS National Center for Health Statistics
NCR National Capital Region
NEC Not Elsewhere Classified
NNS National Nutrition Survey
PPAN Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition
SD Standard Deviation
SE Standard Error
SOCCSKSARGEN South Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani and General Santos City
UL Upper Limit
UN MDGs United Nations' Millennium Development Goals
WC Waist Circumference
WFA Weight-for-Age
WHO-CGS World Health Organization - Child Growth Standards
WHR Waist-Hip Ratio
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OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
Birth weight (grams) refers to the actual weight of the child when he/she was delivered, usually in
kg/lbs/grams.
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a simple index of weight-for-height; a person’s weight in kilograms
divided by the square of his height in meters (kg/m2) (WHO, 2015).
Height/Length refers to the measurement of both total stature and trunk length, which has four
components namely: legs, spine and skull. Standing height is measured for subjects who are 2
years old and above using a microtoise attached to a smooth flat surface while recumbent
length is measured for children less than 2 years old (0-23 months old) using an infantometer.
Hip Circumference refers to the distance around the largest area of the hips, usually the largest part
of the buttocks (CDC, 2007).
Hip is the widest portion of the trunk of the body.
Obesity is a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 for adults (WHO, 2015); for children, BMI at or
above the 95th percentile (CDC, 2015).
Overweight is a BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2 for adults (WHO, 2015); for children, BMI at
or above the 85th percentile and below the 95
th percentile (CDC, 2015).
Recumbent Length used to measure the length of infants and children <85cm (Gibson, 2005).
Stunted is based on height-for-age index; children with height below the standard for child’s age;
reflects chronic undernutrition or past nutritional status; caused by prolonged inadequate
intake, recurrence of illness or improper feeding practices.
Underweight is based on weight-for-age index; children with weight below the standard for child’s
age; captures both the past and present nutrition status.
Waist Circumference is a measurement of the distance around the smallest part of the abdomen,
located at the midway between the lowest rib and the tip of the hip bone or iliac crest
(Averkamp, 2015).
Waist is the narrowest portion of the trunk of the body.
Waist-Hip Ratio is a simple method for describing the distribution of both subcutaneous and intra-
abdominal adipose tissue. Measured for subjects aged 10 years and above using a fiberglass
tape measure taken over one layer of light clothing. Measurements for both waist and hip are
recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm.
Wasted/Thin is based on weight-for-height index; weight below the standard for child’s height;
sensitive index of current nutritional status.
Weight refers to the total or exact amount of heaviness of an individual, mainly made up of muscles,
fat, bone and internal organs with the addition in pathological circumstances of edema,
ascites, massive organ enlargement and even the helminthes burden in severe ascariasis.
Measured using a calibrated beam balance or Detecto weighing scale, recorded to the nearest
0.1 kg.
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LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page No.
1 Target age/physiological groups for the specific anthropometric measurements 4
2 Anthropometry: Eligibility and Response Rates 5
3 Age groups of the WHO-Child Growth Standards for infants and young children
(0-60 months) and WHO Growth Reference 2007 for school-aged children and
adolescents (61-228 months) by index
9
4 Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of children, 0-10 years old (0-
120 months), based on WHO-CGS
10
5 Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of children 0-5 years old (0-60
months), based on BMI-for-age (WHO-CGS)
10
6 Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of children, 5.08-19.0 years old
(61-228 months), based on the 2007 WHO Growth Reference BMI-for-age
10
7 Cut-off points used in determining magnitude and severity of underweight and
stunted children under-five years old (0 to <60 months), as public health problem
(WHO, 1995)
11
8 Cut-off points used in determining magnitude and severity of wasted children
under-five years old (0 to <60 months), as public health problem (WHO, 1995)
11
9 Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of adults and lactating mothers
19.0 years old and over (≥228 months), based on Body Mass Index (NCHS/WHO,
1978)
11
9a Cut-off points used in determining magnitude and severity of underweight (BMI
<18.5) adult 19.0 years old and over (≥228 months), as public health problem
(WHO, 1995)
11
10 Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of pregnant women based on
weight-for-height (Magbitang, 1988)
12
11 Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of lactating mothers, <19.08
years old, based on the 2007 WHO Growth Reference BMI-for-age
12
12 Cut-off points of waist circumference and waist hip ratio for adults, 20.0 years and
over (240 months old and over)
12
13 Mean weight and height of children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by age group
and by gender: Philippines, 2013
14
14 Mean weight and height of children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by age group
and by gender: Philippines, Urban, 2013
14
15 Mean weight and height of children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by age group
and by gender: Philippines, Rural, 2013
15
16 Percentage distribution of children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months) by weight-for-age
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by gender, age
group, and region: Philippines, 2013 (n=13,406)
18
17 Percentage distribution of children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months) by height-for-age
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by gender, age
group, and region: Philippines, 2013 (n = 13,291)
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Table No. Title Page No.
18 Percentage distribution of children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months), by weight-for-
height classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by gender,
age group, and region: Philippines, 2013 (n =13,285)
20
19 Percentage distribution of children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months), by BMI-for-age
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by gender, age
group and region: Philippines, 2013 (n = 13, 284)
21
20 Percentage distribution of children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months), by weight-for-
age classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by place of
residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 (n=13,406)
22
21 Percentage distribution of children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months), by height-for-age
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by place of
residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 (n=13,291)
23
22 Percentage distribution of children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months), by weight-for-
height classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by place
of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 (n=13,285)
23
23 Percentage distribution of children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months), by BMI-for-age
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by place of
residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 (n=13,284)
24
24 Mean weight and height of children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), by age,
and by gender: Philippines, 2013
29
25 Mean weight and height of children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), by age,
and by gender: Philippines, Urban, 2013
29
26 Mean weight and height of children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), by age
and by gender: Philippines, Rural, 2013
30
27 Percentage distribution of children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months), by weight-
for-age classification, mean and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference,
and by gender, age group, and region: Philippines, 2013 (n = 16, 387)
31
28 Percentage distribution of children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months), by height-
for-age classification, mean and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference,
and by gender, age group, and region: Philippines, 2013 (n = 16, 354)
33
29 Percentage distribution, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months), by BMI-for-age
classification, mean and median z-scores of children using WHO-Growth
Reference, and by gender, age group, and region: Philippines, 2013 (n = 16, 352)
34
30 Percentage distribution of children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months), by weight-
for-age classification, mean and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference,
and by place of residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 (n = 16, 387)
37
31 Percentage distribution of children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months), by height-
for-age classification, mean and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference,
and by place of residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 (n = 16, 354)
37
32 Percentage distribution of children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months), by BMI-
for-age classification, mean and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference,
and by place of residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 (n = 16, 352)
38
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Table No. Title Page No.
33 Mean (SE) weight and height of children, 0-10 years old (0-120 months), by age
group and by gender: Philippines, 2013
41
34 Mean weight and height of children, 0-10 years old (0-120 months): Philippines,
2005-2013
41
35 Mean weight and height of children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months), by age,
and by gender: Philippines, 2013
43
36 Mean weight and height of children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months), by age,
and by gender: Philippines, Urban, 2013
44
37 Mean weight and height of children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months), by age,
and by gender: Philippines, Rural, 2013
44
38 Percentage distribution of children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months), by
height-for-age classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-Growth
Reference, and by gender, age group, and region: Philippines, 2013 (n=28,462)
45
39 Percentage distribution of children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months) by BMI-
for-age classification, mean and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference,
and by gender, age group, and region: Philippines, 2013 (n=28,453)
46
40 Percentage distribution of children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months) by
height-for-age classification, mean and median z-scores using WHO-Growth
Reference, and by place of residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013
(n=28,462)
48
41 Percentage distribution of children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months) by BMI-
for-age classification, mean and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference,
and by place of residence, wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 (n=28,453)
50
42 Mean BMI and percentage distribution of BMI among adults, 20.0 years old and
over, by gender, age group, and region using WHO BMI Classification:
Philippines, 2013 (n=69,505)
55
43 Mean BMI and percentage distribution of BMI among adults, 20.0 year-old and
over, by place of residence, and wealth quintile using WHO BMI Classification:
Philippines, 2013 (n=68,877)
56
44 Mean waist circumference (WC) and percentage distribution of WC among adults,
20.0 year-old and over, by gender and age group: Philippines, 2013 (n=69, 375)
62
45 Mean waist-hip ratio (WHR) and percentage distribution of WHR among adults,
20.0 year-old and over, by gender and age group: Philippines, 2013 (n=69,126)
63
46 Mean waist circumference (WC) and percentage distribution of WC among adult
males, 20.0 year-old and over, by place of residence, wealth quintile, and region:
Philippines, 2013 (n=32,761)
64
47 Mean waist circumference (WC) and percentage distribution of WC among adult
females, 20.0 year-old and over, by place of residence, wealth quintile, and region:
Philippines, 2013 (n=35,990)
65
48 Mean waist-hip ratio (WHR) and percentage distribution of WHR among adult
males, 20.0 year-old and over, by place of residence, wealth quintile, and region:
Philippines, 2013 (n=32,624)
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Table No. Title Page No.
49 Mean waist-hip ratio and percentage distribution of WHR among adult females,
20.0 year-old and over, by place of residence, wealth quintile, and region:
Philippines, 2013 (n=35,879)
67
50 Percentage distribution of pregnant women, by age group, months of pregnancy,
place of residence, wealth quintile, and region using weight-for-height
classification: Philippines, 2013 (n=1,184)
69
51 Nutritionally at-risk pregnant women based on Magbitang’s weight-for-height
classification, by place of residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013
70
52 Percentage distribution of lactating women, by age group, months of lactation,
place of residence, wealth quintile, and region using weight-for-height
classification: Philippines, 2013 (n = 2, 605)
71
53 Percentage distribution of lactating women, by place of residence and wealth
quintile, using weight-for-height classification: Philippines, 2013 (n = 2, 605)
72
54 Mean birth weight among children, 0-3.9 years old (0-47 months), by gender and
by source of birth record: Philippines, 2013 (n=7,158)
74
55 Estimates of the proportion of low birth weight among children, 0-3.9 years old (0-
47 months), by gender and by source of birth record: Philippines, 2013 (n=7,158)
74
56 Place of delivery, who assisted the delivery, type of delivery, type of gestation and
size at birth of children, 0-3.9 years old (0-47 months): Philippines, 2013 (n=7,158)
75
57 Estimates of the proportion of low birth weight among children, 0-3.9 years old (0-
47 months) by region: Philippines, 2013 (n=7,158)
76
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Title Page No.
1 Measuring the weight of a child (left) and a young child (right) using a platform beam
balance
5
2 Measuring the height using a microtoise (left) and an infantometer (right) 6
3 Measuring waist circumference 7
4 Measuring hip circumference 7
5 Anthropometric Equipment/Tools 8
6 Trends in the prevalence of undernutrition among children, below five years old (0-59
months): Philippines, 1989-2015
13
7 Prevalence of underweight among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by age and
gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
15
8 Prevalence of stunting among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by age and
gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
16
9 Prevalence of wasting among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by age and
gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
17
10 Prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-
60 months), by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013
25
11 Prevalence of underweight among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by region:
Philippines, 2011 and 2013
25
12 Prevalence of stunting among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by region:
Philippines, 2011 and 2013
26
13 Prevalence of wasting among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by region:
Philippines, 2011 and 2013
26
14 Prevalence of overweight-for-height among, children 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months),
by age and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
27
15 Prevalence of overweight-for-height among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months),
by region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
27
16 Prevalence of overweight-for-height among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months),
by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013
28
17 Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60
months), using WHO-CGS: Philippines, 1989-2013
28
18 Prevalence of underweight among children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), by
single age and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
32
19 Prevalence of stunting among children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), by
single age and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
32
20 Prevalence of wasting among children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), using
BMI-for-age by single age and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
35
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Figure No. Title Page No.
21 Prevalence of overweight/obese among children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120
months), using BMI-for-age by single age and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
35
22 Prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting and overweight/obese among children
5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), by place of residence and wealth quintile:
Philippines, 2013
36
23 Prevalence of underweight among children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), by
region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
39
24 Prevalence of stunting among children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), by
region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
39
25 Prevalence of wasting among children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), using
BMI-for-age by region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
39
26 Prevalence of overweight/obese among children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120
months), using BMI-for-age by region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
40
27 Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120
months): Philippines, 2003-2013
40
28 Prevalence of malnutrition among children, 0-10 years old, by age: Philippines, 2013 42
29 Prevalence of stunting among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228 months), by
age group and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
47
30 Prevalence of stunting among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228 months), by
place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013
47
31 Prevalence of stunting among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228 months), by
region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
48
32 Prevalence of wasting among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228 months), using
BMI-for-age by age group and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
49
33 Prevalence of wasting among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228 months), using
BMI-for-age by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013
49
34 Prevalence of wasting among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228 months), using
BMI-for-age by region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
50
35 Prevalence of overweight/obese among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228
months), using BMI-for-age by age group and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
51
36 Prevalence of overweight/obese among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228
months), using BMI-for-age by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines,
2013
51
37 Prevalence of overweight/obese among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228
months), using BMI-for-age by region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
52
38 Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among pre-adolescent and adolescent, 10.08-
19.0 years old (121-228 months): Philippines, 2003-2013
52
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Figure No. Title Page No.
39 Prevalence of CED among adults, 20.0 years old and over, using WHO BMI
classification by age group and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
53
40 Prevalence of overweight/obese among adults, 20.0 years old, and over using WHO
BMI classification by age group and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
54
41 Prevalence of CED and Overweight/Obese among adults, 20.0 years old and over,
based on WHO BMI classification, by place of residence and wealth quintile:
Philippines, 2013
56
42 Prevalence of CED among adults, 20.0 years old and over, based on WHO BMI
classification, and by region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
57
43 Prevalence of overweight/obese among adults, 20.0 years old and over, based on
WHO BMI classification, by region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
57
44 Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among adults, 20.0 year-old and over:
Philippines, 1993-2013
58
45 Prevalence of high WC among adults, 20.0 years old and over, based on WHO
classification, by age group and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
59
46 Prevalence of high WHR among adults, 20.0 years old and over, based on WHO
classification, by age group and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
60
47 Mean waist circumference among adults, 20.0 years old and over, by gender and
region: Philippines, 2013
61
48 Mean waist-hip ratio among adults, 20.0 years old and over, by gender and region:
Philippines, 2013
61
49 Trends in the prevalence of high WC and WHR among adults, 20.0 year-old and over
by gender: Philippines, 1998-2013
62
50 Prevalence of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women by age group: Philippines, 2008,
2011, 2013
68
51 Prevalence of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women by region: Philippines, 2011 and
2013
68
52 Trends in the prevalence of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women based on weight-for-
height: Philippines, 1998-2013
70
53 Prevalence of CED and overweight/obese among lactating women based on BMI and
WHO Growth Reference, by age group: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
72
54 Prevalence of CED and overweight/obese among lactating women based on BMI and
WHO Growth Reference, by region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
73
55 Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among lactating women based on BMI and
WHO Growth Reference: Philippines, 1998-2013
73
56 Prevalence of low birth weight among young children, 0-3.9 years old (0-47 months),
by region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
76
57 Trends in the prevalence of low birth weight among young children, 0-3.9 years old
(0-47 months): Philippines, 2008-2013
77
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
No. Title Page No.
1 Percentage distribution of children, 0-4.99 years old (0-59 months), using WHO-
CGS weight-for-age, by gender, age, and region: Philippines, 2013
80
2 Percentage distribution of children, 0-4.99 years old (0-59 months), using WHO-
CGS height-for-age, by gender, age, and region: Philippines, 2013
81
3 Percentage distribution of children, 0-4.99 years old (0-59 months), using WHO-
CGS weight-for-height, by gender, age, and region: Philippines, 2013
82
4 Estimates of the proportion of underweight among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60
months), using WHO-CGS weight-for-age, standard error, confidence interval,
and coefficient of variation by region and province: Philippines, 2013 (n=13,406)
83
5 Differences of estimates of underweight children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months),
by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008, 2011
and 2013
85
6 Estimates of the proportion of underheight among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60
months), using WHO-CGS height-for-age, standard error, confidence interval,
and coefficient of variation by region and province: Philippines, 2013 (n=13,291)
86
7 Differences of estimates of stunted children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by
age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and
2013
88
8 Estimates of the proportion of thinness among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60
months), using WHO-CGS weight-for-height, standard error, confidence interval,
and coefficient of variation by region and province: Philippines, 2013 (n=13,285)
89
9 Differences of estimates of wasted/thin children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months),
by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008, 2011
and 2013
91
10 Differences of estimates of overweight-for-height children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60
months), by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines,
2008, 2011 and 2013
92
11 Estimates of the proportion of underweight among children, 5.08-10.0 years old
(61–120 months), using WHO-CGS weight-for-age, standard error, confidence
interval, and coefficient of variation by region and province: Philippines, 2013
(n=16,387)
93
12 Differences of estimates of underweight children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120
months), by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines,
2008, 2011 and 2013
95
13 Estimates of the proportion of underheight among children, 5.08-10.0 years old
(61–120 months), using WHO-CGS height-for-age, standard error, confidence
interval, and coefficient of variation by region and province: Philippines, 2013
(n=16,354)
96
14 Differences of estimates of stunted children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months),
by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008, 2011
and 2013
98
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Appendix
No. Title Page No.
15 Estimates of the proportion of thinness among children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61–
120 months), using WHO-Growth Reference BMI-for-age, standard error,
confidence interval, and coefficient of variation by region and province:
Philippines, 2013 (n=16,352)
99
16 Differences of estimates of thin/wasted children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120
months), by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines,
2008, 2011 and 2013
101
17 Differences of estimates of overweight/obese children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-
120 months), by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods:
Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
102
18 Estimates of the proportion of underheight among children, 10.08-19.0 years old
(121-228 months), using WHO-CGS height-for-age, standard error, confidence
interval, and coefficient of variation by region and province: Philippines, 2013 (n
=28,462)
103
19 Differences of estimates of stunted children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228
months), by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines,
2008, 2011 and 2013
105
20 Estimates of the proportion of thinness among children, 10.08-19.0 years old
(121-228 months), using WHO-Growth Reference BMI-for-age, standard error,
confidence interval, and coefficient of variation by region and province:
Philippines, 2013 (n =28,453)
106
21 Differences of estimates of wasted/thin children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228
months), by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines,
2008, 2011 and 2013
108
22 Differences of estimates of overweight/obese children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-
228 months), by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods:
Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
109
23 Percentage distribution of BMI among adults, 18.0 years old and over, using
WHO BMI classification by age, and gender: Philippines, 2013 (n=73,931)
110
24 Percentage distribution of BMI among adults, 18.0 years old and over, using
WHO BMI classification by region: Philippines, 2013 (n=73,931)
110
25 Differences of estimates of the proportion of CED among adults, 18.0 years old
and over, by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines,
2008, 2011 and 2013
111
26 Differences of estimates of the proportion of overweight and obese among adults,
18.0 years old and over, by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods:
Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
112
27 Estimates of the proportion of chronic energy deficiency (CED) among adults, 20
years old and over, using Body Mass Index, standard error, confidence interval,
and coefficient of variation by region and province: Philippines, 2013 (n=69,505)
113
28 Differences of estimates of the proportion of High Waist Circumference among
adults, 20.0 years old and over, by age, gender, and region, among three survey
periods: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
115
29 Differences of estimates of the proportion of High Waist Hip Ratio among adults,
20.0 years old and over, by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods:
Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
115
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Appendix
No. Title Page No.
30 Estimates of the proportion of nutritionally at-risk among pregnant women, using
weight-for-height, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of variation
by region: Philippines, 2013 (n=1,184)
116
31 Differences of estimates of the proportion of nutritionally at-risk among pregnant
women, using weight-for-height, by age, and region: Philippines, 2008 – 2013
116
32 Estimates of the proportion of underweight among lactating mothers, using Body
Mass Index, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of variation by
region: Philippines, 2013 (n=2,605)
117
33 Differences of estimates of the proportion of underweight among lactating
mothers, using Body Mass Index, by age, and region: Philippines, 2008 – 2013
117
34 Differences of estimates of the proportion of overweight/obese among lactating
mothers, using Body Mass Index, by age, and region: Philippines, 2008 – 2013
118
35 Differences of estimates of the proportion of low birth weight among young
children, 0-3.9 years old (0-47 months), by gender, and region: Philippines, 2008
– 2013
118
36 Questionnaires 119
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Undernutrition among pre-school children (0-5.0 years old) is still a public health concern,
particularly underweight and stunting which remained high in magnitude and severity based on WHO
cut-off points. According to the results of 2013 National Nutrition Survey, boys were more likely to
be underweight (19.4%) and stunted (31.5%); however, by the third year of life, girls were also noted
to be underweight (23.6%) and underheight (35.4%). On the other hand, wasting was more
predominantly seen among younger infants in both gender groups. With regards to wealth quintile and
place of residence, it was found that more preschool children in the rural areas (22.6%) were
underweight. Generally, those belonging in the poorest quintile suffered from undernutrition with a
prevalence rate of 29.8 percent for underweight, 44.8 percent for stunting and 9.5 percent for wasting.
Among the regions, MIMAROPA had the highest number of preschool children who were
underweight (27.5%) and wasted (9.8%) while Bicol had the highest percentage of stunted children
(39.8%). For the past decade, underweight prevalence barely changed with an annual reduction rate of
0.08 percentage point while stunting had a 0.36 percentage point annual reduction rates. On the other
hand, it was noted that wasting prevalence increased by 1.9 percentage points between 2003 and 2013
while overnutrition increased more than half from 2003 to 2013. Based on the results on underweight,
the Philippines may not be able to meet the MDG target for under-five underweight children in 2015.
Prevalence of underweight and stunting were reduced by 2.9 percentage points and 3.7
percentage points, respectively, among children 5-10.0 years old since 2011. However, underweight is
still considered a public health problem even though it was reduced to 29.1 percent from 32.0 percent
in 2011. Males were still more at-risk for malnutrition compared to their female counterparts and
generally at the highest prevalences among children 9 to 10 years old as children start to enter
adolescence. Similar to the younger age groups, underweight and stunting was more predominant in
the rural areas (33.5% and 36.2%, respectively) and those belonging in the poorest quintile (42.5%
and 48.0%, respectively). Among the regions, double burden of malnutrition was seen in NCR which
had the lowest prevalence of undernutrition but also had the highest percentage of overnutrition. For
the past 10 years, the reduction rates for underweight and underheight prevalence recorded annual
averages of 0.3 and 0.65 percentage points, respectively. On the other hand, it was noted that wasting
prevalence increased by 2.1 percentage points between 2005 and 2013 while overnutrition increased
by 3.3 percentage points from 2003 to 2013.
Adolescents (10.0-19.0 years old) suffered from both faces of malnutrition (under-and
overnutrition) as stunting and wasting persisted to be a significant problem of public health and
prevalence of overweight/obese continued to increase and is now at 8.3 percent. Males were more
vulnerable to undernutrition and obesity compared to females. Among the regions, wasted adolescents
were seen more in MIMAROPA with 16.2 percent while stunting was more predominant in ARMM
(42.6%) and SOCCSKSARGEN (41.9%). NCR was recorded to have the most number of
overweight/obese adolescents at 14.7 percent.
Among adults 20 years old and over, a decreasing trend was noted in underweight at 0.20
percentage point and an increasing trend in overweight/obese at 0.73 percentage point annually for the
past 20 years. This trend is an indication that such age group are at high risk to develop non-
communicable disease. Among the regions, Western Visayas and ARMM had the highest prevalence
of CED at 13.9 percent and 13.0 percent, respectively. NCR, on the other hand, had the highest
prevalence of overweight (29.8%) and obese (10.1%) adults.
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Females were observed to have higher waist circumference and waist-hip ratio compared to
males – for waist circumference, 23.1% vs. 3.8%; for waist-hip ratio, 63.2% vs. 8.0%; thus they are
more at-risk for central obesity than males. Central obesity is also a risk factor for non-communicable
diseases (NCDs).
The prevalence of nutritionally-at-risk pregnant women remained high at 24.8 percent with
pregnant teen age girls more likely to be nutritionally at-risk at 37.2 percent. Compared with 2011
results, prevalence of CED/underweight among lactating mothers slightly increased from 11.9% to
12.5% while overweight increased from 17.7% to 21.7%.
Based on the result, 11.5 percent of children 0-47 months were born with low birthweight
(LBW) with a mean weight of 3,020.5 grams. Among these, more girls were noticed to have low
birthweight compared to boys with 12.3 percent and 10.8 percent, respectively. Children with LBW
were seen more in ARMM (18.0%); all the regions exhibited a reduction in their LBW prevalence,
some of them even had a significant decrease in a span of two years, with ARMM as an exception
because it was the only region that showed a slight increase in the proportion of children born with
low birth weight. On the other hand, Northern Mindanao had the lowest prevalence of LBW with 6.2
percent. Overall, LBW prevalence decreased to 11.5 percent from 15.9 percent in 2011; a reduction of
4.4 percentage points within two years.
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1. INTRODUCTION
Anthropometric measurements are essential part of nutritional assessment, and have been a
core component of the Philippine National Nutrition Surveys since 1978. The 8th National Nutrition
Survey’s Anthropometric Component covered the assessment of all the members of the household
using measurements of weight and height or length (for infants and children below two years of age),
while waist circumferences and waist-hip ratios were obtained for individuals 10 years old and above.
These body measurements were used in determining the proportions of the Filipino population who
were underweight, stunted or underheight, thin or wasted, overweight and obese as well as for
ascertaining the prevalence of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women.
The Anthropometric Survey focuses on reporting the nutritional status of the Filipino
population in all age groups and present it in different aggregation - gender, place of residence, wealth
quintile, regional, and national. Trends of malnutrition among all age groups are also shown to help
gauge the country’s progress towards achieving Philippine health and nutrition and development
goals, in particular two key sets of nutrition-related goals: 1) the Philippine Plan of Action for
Nutrition (PPAN) 2011-2016 and 2) the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals (UN
MDGs).
The PPAN, which is the country’s framework for improving the nutritional status of Filipinos,
includes the following goals that are measured using anthropometric indicators: 1) the reduction of
underweight, stunting and wasting in children, 2) the reduction of the proportion of nutritionally-at-
risk pregnant women, and 3) the prevention of any further increase in over-weight and obesity.
The UN MDG 1 on poverty and hunger reduction includes as one of its targets the reduction
by half of the 1990 proportion of underweight preschool-age children by 2015.
The Anthropometric Component of 8th NNS aimed to assess the nutritional status of the
Filipino population in all age group as well as pregnant mothers and lactating women and identify
factors that affect it; determine the prevalence of low birthweight among infants 0-47 months; and
also, show the trends in the prevalence of undernutrition and overnutrition.
A total of 35,825 sample households were covered by the Anthropometric Survey
Component. All members of these households were included as subjects. Of the members who were
submitted to the measurements, 13,423 were preschool-age children (0-5.0 years), 16,398 were
school-age children (5.08-10.0 years), 26,049 were pre-adolescents/ adolescents (10.08-17.9 years),
and 73,922 were adults (18.0 years and over); 1,196 pregnant women and 2,609 lactating mothers.
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2. METHODOLOGY
2.1. Sampling Design
The statistical design used was a multi-staged stratified sampling design. The first stage of the
sampling was the selection of the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) which consisted of one barangay or a
contiguous barangays with at least 500 households. The second stage was the selection of the
Enumeration Area (EA) which consisted of contiguous area in a barangay with 150-200 households
and the last stage was the selection of the households in the sampled Enumeration Area that served as
the ultimate sampling unit. The samples were taken separately from the regions by urban and rural
stratum.
About 35,825 sample households were selected for the survey. The survey lasted from June
19 to December 4, 2013 and continued on February 16 to April 15, 2014.
2.2. Scope and Coverage
The National Nutrition Survey covered 17 Regions which consisted of 80 provinces including
NCR. However, Batanes was excluded for logistic reasons. The 2013 NNS used the Philippine
Statistics Authority (formerly the National Statistics Office, NSO) Master Sample which utilized the
2009 Labor Force Survey (LFS) Households.
The Anthropometric Survey Component covered a total of 35,825 sample households. All the
members of the households were subjected for weight measurement while height were taken only
among 2 years old and over and among pregnant and lactating women. Recumbent length was taken
among children 0-23 months. Waist and hip circumferences were collected from pre-adolescents/
adolescents (10.08-17.9 years or 121-215 months), adults (18.0 years and over or 216 months and
over) and lactating mothers. However, household members with physical defects that may have
bearing on the physical measurements (i.e. polio, broken leg, etc.) were not measured for height.
Pregnant women were not measured for waist and hip circumferences because of their physiological
condition which may over estimate obesity. Table 1 summarizes the target age/physiological groups
for the specific measurements.
Table 1. Target age/physiological groups for the specific anthropometric measurements
MEASUREMENTS
AGE/ PHYSIOLOGICAL GROUPS
<2y
(0-23
mos)
2 to <5y
(24-60
mos)
>5 to <6y
(61-71
mos)
>6 to <10y
(72-119
mos)
10 to 18y
(120-216
mos)
19 to
<20 y
20y &
over
Pregnant
Women
Lactating
Mothers
Weight
Recumbent Length
Height
Waist*
circumference
Hip* circumference
*Pregnant women were NOT measured for waist and hip circumferences because of their physiological condition which may over estimate
obesity.
Out of 35,825 sample households that were covered, 13,423 were preschool-age children (0-
5.0 years or 0-60 months), 16,398 were school-age children (5.08-10.0 years or 61-120 months),
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26,049 were pre-adolescents/ adolescents (10.08-17.9 years or 121-215 months), and 73,922 were
adults (18.0 years and over or 216 months and over); 1,196 pregnant women and 2,609 lactating
mothers. A total of 172,323 enumerated individuals of which 84.8 percent were eligible and an over-
all response rate of 91.5 percent (Table 2).
Table 2. Anthropometry: Eligibility and Response Rates
Variables Individuals
enumerated Eligible
%
Eligibility
Response %
Response Male Female Total
Age/Physiological Groups
0-60 mos (0-5.0 y.o) 14,575 13,952 95.7 6,933 6,490 13,423 96.2
61-120 mos (5.08-10.0 y.o.) 17,889 17,118 95.7 8,506 7,892 16,398 95.8
121-215 mos (10.08-17.9 y.o.) 32,152 28,094 87.4 13,308 12,741 26,049 92.7
18 y.o & over 103,640 82,986 80.1 35,508 38,414 73,922 89.1
Pregnant 1,303 1,236 94.9 - 1,196 1,196 96.8
Lactating 2,764 2,690 97.3 - 2,609 2,609 97.0
TOTAL 172,323 146,076 84.8 64,255 69,342 133,597 91.5
To understand the results of this component, it is important to note that there were instances
during data collection wherein all the variables were not completely taken from the respondent for
reasons like the child was too irritable for measurement to be made, or the member refused to be
measured or height was not taken due to body defect (e.g., polio, hunchback). For these reasons,
difference in the number (n) of population existed; thus, in the succeeding tables, n or the number of
sampled individuals are different from the one presented in Table 2.
2.3. Survey Methods
1. Measurements
Weight was measured using mechanical Detecto® platform beam balance scales. At least two
measurements were obtained, with the average recorded to the nearest 0.1 kg. A third
measurement was only taken if the difference between the first two measurements were
greater than 0.3 kg.
For infants and restless young children, both the mother and child were weighed together and
then, the mother was weighed alone using the standard procedure. The subject’s weight was
then calculated by subtracting the mother’s weight from the weight of the mother and child.
Figure 1. Measuring the weight of a child (left) and a young child (right) using a platform beam balance
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Standing height was obtained for subjects, two years old and over using the Microtoise – an
L-shaped device (head-bar) to which a spring-loaded coiled tape measure was attached.
Recumbent length was measured for subjects below two years old using an infantometer. This
was because the knees of infants and young children are not yet fully developed. At least two
measurements were obtained, and averages were computed, and recorded to the nearest 0.1
cm. Third measurement was only taken if the difference of the first two measurements was
greater than 0.5 cm.
Figure 2. Measuring the height using a microtoise (left) and an infantometer (right)
The waist circumference was measured as the perimeter or distance around the natural waist
(midway between the lowest rib and the tip of the hip bone) or a measure of the distance
around the narrowest portion of the trunk. The tape measure was placed at the midpoint and
the respondent was asked to breathe normally; measurement was taken at the end of normal
expiration.
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Lower rib
margin
Iliac crest
Figure 3. Measuring waist circumference
The Hip Circumference was measured as the distance around the largest area of the hips,
usually the largest part of the buttocks or the greater trochanter. If the largest area of the
buttocks was not prominent, the hip was determined by measuring four (4) inches from the
iliac crest.
Figure 4. Measuring hip circumference
At least two measurements were obtained for both waist and hip circumferences, averaged
and recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm. Third measurement was only taken if the difference
between the first two measurements was greater than 0.5 cm.
Waist-Hip ratio was calculated by dividing the waist circumference with the hip
circumference.
The different tools/equipment used during the survey is shown in Figure 5.
Midpoint
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Figure 5. Anthropometric Equipment/Tools
2. Instrument Calibration
Weighing scales used for weight determination were calibrated using 5 kg. standard weights.
The instruments for height /length and body circumferences such as Microtoise, infantometer
and tape measures were calibrated with a standard two-meter steel ruler. Instruments
identified with deviations were noted for correction factors. The correction factor is the
amount of deviation in a measurement that is accounted for in the calibration process. The
correction factor can either be added to or subtracted from the measured value.
3. Birthweight
When birth records were available, the birthweight of the subject child(ren) was copied from
the written record and encoded in the e-DCS in gram unit. If no record was available, the
mother was asked to recall the weight of the fetus or newborn obtained within an hour after
birth and this was recorded in grams. Birth weights obtained from records were comparable to
those based on recall.
2.4. Survey Questionnaire
A two-page questionnaire was used to record the measurement data of each household.
Disability, if any, were also noted (See Appendix 36).
Platform Beam Balance Infantometer
Microtoise Plump Bob Tape Measure
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2.5. Ethical Review
The copy of the project proposal entitled “8th National Nutrition Survey, Philippines 2013”
was submitted to the FNRI Institutional Ethics Review Committee (FNRI-IERC) for clearance on
January 22, 2013. But since it was mandated to define the nutritional status of Filipinos, clearance of
the said project was not necessary (See 8th
NNS Overview Monograph).
Written consent to participate in the 8th National Nutrition Survey was obtained from the
respondents and subjects (through the mother or guardian for children < 10 years old and below) prior
to the interview and other measurements. The Informed Consent Form explained the background and
objectives of the survey, the data collection procedures involved risks (any undesirable effect that may
result or invasion circumstances, e.g., expected duration of the interview with respondent) and
benefits of participation, confidentiality of information, option to withdraw without penalty or
consequences, and the respondent’s written consent.
2.6. NSCB/PSA Review and Approval
Philippine Statistics Authority also granted clearance for the 2013 National Nutrition Survey
on June 19, 2013 (See 8th NNS Overview Monograph).
2.7. Data Processing and Analysis
Data were organized and processed following prepared dummy tables using STATA version
12. Different indices were used to evaluate the nutritional status of different age groups and
physiologic status.
The anthropometric indices used to assess nutritional status of children and age groupings
under the World Health Organization-Child Growth Standards (WHO-CGS) and WHO Growth
Reference 2007 are shown in Table 3.
Table 3. Age groups of the WHO-Child Growth Standards for infants and young children (0-60 months)
and WHO Growth Reference 2007 for school-aged children and adolescents (61-228 months) by
index
Indicators WHO Child Growth
Standards WHO Growth Reference 2007
Weight-for-age 0-60 months (0-5.0y) 61-120 months (5 y & 1mo-10.0y)
Length/Height-for-age 0-60 months (0-5.0y) 61-228 months (5y & 1mo-19.0y)
Weight-for-length/height 0-60 months (0-5.0y) None
BMI-for age 0-60 months (0-5.0y) 61-228 months (5y & 1mo-19.0y)
The age groups of adults were based on the previous definition of 20 years old and above for
easier comparison of past NNS results and tracking trends in nutritional status of adults. However, the
new WHO definition of adults that considers those 18 years old and above, was also processed by sex
and region, and presented in Appendices 23-26.
For the assessment criteria used, the weight and height measurements of children 0 to 19.0
years old (0-228 months) based on WHO-CGS are shown in Table 4 and Table 5.
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Table 4. Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of children, 0-10 years old (0-120 months),
based on WHO-CGS
Indicator/Nutritional Status Cut-off Points
Weight-for-age
Underweight <-2SD
Normal -2SD to +2SD
Overweight/Above normal >+2SD
Length/Height-for-age*
Underheight/Stunting <-2SD
Normal -2SD to +2SD
Above average/tall >+2SD
Weight-for-length/height**
Thin/Wasting <-2SD
Normal -2SD to +2SD
Overweight >+2SD
NEC ***
*Use only for children 10 years & 1 month to 19.0 y (121-228 months)
**Use only for children 0-5 years (0-60 months)
***NEC Not Elsewhere Classified – those whose heights are beyond the limits of the
weight-for-height tables
Table 5. Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of children 0-5 years old (0-60 months) based
on BMI-for-age (WHO-CGS)
Nutritional Status Cut-off Points
Severe thinness <-3SD
Thinness <-2SD to -3SD
Normal -2SD to +2SD
Overweight >+2SD to +3SD
Obesity >+3SD
While the assessment criteria used for children 5.08-19.0 years old (61-228 months) based on
WHO-CGS is shown in Table 6.
Table 6. Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of children, 5.08-19.0 years old (61-228
months) based on the 2007 WHO Growth Reference BMI-for-age
Nutritional Status Cut-off Points
Severe thinness <-3SD
Thinness <-2SD to -3SD
Normal -2SD to +1SD
Overweight >+1SD (equivalent to BMI 25 kg/m2 at 19 yrs)
Obesity >+2SD (equivalent to BMI 30 kg/m2 at 19 yrs)
The cut-off points for children under five years old to determine the magnitude and severity
of underweight, stunting, and wasting are based on WHO, 1995 (Tables 7 and 8).
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Additional analyses of the distribution of children under-five years old based on WHO-CGS
weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height by sex, by age, and by region were also done
and presented in Appendices 1-3 for evaluating achievement of MDG one.
Table 7. Cut-off points used in determining magnitude and severity of underweight and stunted children
under-five years old (0 to <60 months), as public health problem (WHO, 1995)
Magnitude and
Severity
Prevalence Group for
Underweight
Prevalence Group
for Stunting
Low <10% <20%
Medium 10-19% 20-29%
High 20-29% 30-39%
Very High ≥30% ≥40%
Table 8. Cut-off points used in determining magnitude and severity of wasted children under-five years
old (0 to <60 months), as public health problem (WHO, 1995)
Magnitude and Severity Prevalence Group for Wasting
Acceptable <5%
Poor 5-9%
Serious 10-14%
Critical ≥15%
Body mass index, based on NCHS/WHO 1978 reference, was used for adults and lactating
mothers, including the cut-off points in determining magnitude and severity of underweight
prevalence. For pregnant women, the Philippine reference (Magbitang, et al., 1988) was used as
criteria. Cut-off points used in the said population groups are shown in Tables 9 to 11.
Table 9. Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of adults and lactating mothers 19.0 years old
and over (≥228 months) based on Body Mass Index (NCHS/WHO, 1978)
Classification Cut-off Points
Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) <18.5
Normal 18.5 to 24.99
Overweight 25.0 to 29.99
Obesity ≥30.0
Table 9a. Cut-off points used in determining magnitude and severity of underweight (BMI <18.5) adult
19.0 years old and over (≥228 months), as public health problem (WHO, 1995)
Magnitude and Severity Prevalence Group for
Underweight
Low 5-9%
Medium 10-19%
High 20-39%
Very high ≥40%
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Table 10. Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of pregnant women based on weight-for-
height (Magbitang, 1988)
Classification Cut-off Points
Nutritionally at-risk <P95
Not Nutritionally at-risk ≥P95
Table 11. Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of lactating mothers, <19.08 years old based
on the 2007 WHO Growth Reference BMI-for-age
Nutritional Status Cut-off Points
Severe thinness <-3SD
Thinness <-2SD to -3SD
Normal -2SD to +1SD
Overweight >+1SD (equivalent to BMI 25 kg/m2)
Obesity >+2SD (equivalent to BMI 30 kg/m2)
Waist and hip circumferences of household members 20 years old and above, as shown in
Table 12, were classified based on WHO classification.
Table 12. Cut-off points of waist circumference and waist hip ratio for adults, 20.0 years and over (240
months old and over)
Classification Waist Circumference Waist to Hip Ratio
Male Low <90 <0.90
Borderline 90-101 0.90-0.99
High ≥102 ≥1.0
Female Low <80 <0.80
Borderline 80-87 0.80-0.84
High ≥88 ≥0.85
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Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
3. RESULTS
3.1. The Nutritional Status of Preschool-Age Children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months)
The MDG Target
The prevalence of underweight among children under-five years old (0-59 months) barely
decreased from 20.2% in 2011 to 20.0% in 2013, and has been relatively unchanged for the past
decade (from 20.7% in 2003, to 20.0% in 2005, and 20.6% in 2008). The prevalence should be
reduced by 6.4 percentage points in 2015 with an average annual reduction of 2.13 percentage points
from 2013 to meet the MDG target. It therefore seems unlikely that the Philippines will achieve the
Millennium Development Goal of a 50% reduction in underweight prevalence from the baseline of
27.3% in 1989 (Figure 6).
Figure 6. Trends in the prevalence of undernutrition among children, below five years old (0-59 months):
Philippines, 1989-2015
Among children under-five years old, stunting and wasting were higher in male while
underweight was high in female. Both stunting and underweight increased with age and peaked at 24-
35 months and 36-47 months, respectively. On the contrary, wasting (13.4%) and overweight (9.9%)
had higher prevalences among 0-5 month old children, and decreased when the child gets older.
Among the regions with highest prevalences were MIMAROPA for underweight (27.6%), Bicol
(40.2%) for stunting, and both Ilocos Region and MIMAROPA (9.7%) for wasting (Appendices 1-3).
For overweight, males (5.5%) were more at-risk than females (4.7%), particularly seen high in the
youngest group, and CALABARZON (6.7%), NCR (6.5%), CAR (6.2%), and Central Luzon (6.1%)
Regions.
The mean weights and heights of children 0-5 years old increased with age, as expected, with
males having higher mean weights and heights than females (Table 13).
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Table 13. Mean weight and height of children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by age group and by gender:
Philippines, 2013
Age
(months)
Male Female Both Genders
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
0-5 5.8 (0.07) 59.8 (0.26) 5.5 (0.07) 58.7 (0.23) 5.7 (0.05) 59.2 (0.18)
6-11 8.2 (0.07) 70.5 (0.27) 7.7 (0.07) 68.5 (0.18) 8.0 (0.05) 69.5 (0.18)
12-23 10.0 (0.05) 78.4 (0.16) 9.4 (0.06) 77.0 (0.17) 9.7 (0.04) 77.7 (0.12)
24-35 12.0 (0.08) 86.5 (0.17) 11.2 (0.07) 85.1 (0.19) 11.6 (0.05) 85.9 (0.13)
36-47 13.7 (0.08) 93.6 (0.18) 13.1 (0.07) 92.7 (0.16) 13.4 (0.05) 93.2 (0.12)
48-60 15.5 (0.08) 100.5 (0.15) 14.9 (0.08) 99.7 (0.17) 15.2 (0.06) 100.1 (0.12)
All 11.9 (0.05) 86.2 (0.17) 11.3 (0.05) 84.9 (0.18) 11.6 (0.04) 85.5 (0.12)
Children from the urban areas had higher mean weight and height than those from rural areas
(Table 14 and Table 15).
Table 14. Mean weight and height of children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by age group and by gender:
Philippines, Urban, 2013
Age
(months)
Male Female Both Genders
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
0-5 5.9 (0.11) 60.0 (0.39) 5.5 (0.10) 58.6 (0.36) 5.7 (0.08) 59.3 (0.27)
6-11 8.4 (0.10) 70.7 (0.45) 7.7 (0.11) 68.6 (0.27) 8.0 (0.07) 69.7 (0.29)
12-23 10.2 (0.09) 78.9 (0.25) 9.5 (0.10) 77.1 (0.26) 9.9 (0.07) 78.0 (0.18)
24-35 12.3 (0.13) 87.3 (0.25) 11.5 (0.10) 85.6 (0.29) 11.9 (0.09) 86.5 (0.19)
36-47 14.0 (0.11) 94.6 (0.27) 13.5 (0.12) 93.7 (0.23) 13.8 (0.09) 94.1 (0.18)
48-60 16.0 (0.13) 101.4(0.25) 15.2 (0.13) 100.3(0.26) 15.6 (0.09) 100.8(0.18)
All 12.2 (0.08) 86.5 (0.26) 11.5 (0.08) 85.2 (0.27) 11.9 (0.06) 85.9 (0.19)
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Table 15. Mean weight and height of children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by age group and by gender:
Philippines, Rural, 2013
Age
(months)
Male Female Both Genders
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
0-5 5.8 (0.09) 59.6 (0.33) 5.5 (0.09) 58.8 (0.30) 5.7 (0.06) 59.2 (0.23)
6-11 8.1 (0.08) 70.2 (0.25) 7.7 (0.08) 68.5 (0.23) 7.9 (0.06) 69.3 (0.18)
12-23 9.7 (0.06) 77.9 (0.19) 9.2 (0.07) 76.9 (0.22) 9.5 (0.05) 77.4 (0.14)
24-35 11.7 (0.08) 85.7 (0.22) 11.0 (0.10) 84.6 (0.26) 11.4 (0.07) 85.2 (0.17)
36-47 13.3 (0.10) 92.7 (0.23) 12.7 (0.08) 91.8 (0.20) 13.0 (0.06) 92.2 (0.15)
48-60 15.1 (0.08) 99.7 (0.18) 14.6 (0.09) 99.1 (0.21) 14.8 (0.06) 99.4 (0.14)
All 11.7 (0.06) 85.8 (0.22) 11.1 (0.06) 84.5 (0.23) 11.4 (0.04) 85.2 (0.16)
Among children 0-5 years old, both underweight (Figure 7) and stunting (Figure 8) had
decreased from 2011 levels (by 0.3 percentage points and 3.3 percentage points, respectively).
Though more children were stunted than underweight, males initially had higher rates of underweight
and stunting than females, but the females catch up by the third year of life (Tables 16-17).
Similar to findings from the 6th and 7th NNS, children in the first to second year of life (12-
23 months old) had the sharpest increases in underweight (4.9 percentage points higher than the 6-11
month olds’) and stunting (15.3 percentage points higher than the 6-11 month olds’) prevalence
(Figures 7 and 8).
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 7. Prevalence of underweight among children 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by age and gender:
Philippines, 2008, 2011, and 2013
ALL
MALE FEMALE
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Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 8. Prevalence of stunting among children 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by age and gender:
Philippines, 2008, 2011, and 2013
Wasting/thinness rates tended to be about the same for each gender group, with the highest
rates among the younger infants (13.4%) and declining among older children (Table 18 and Figure 9).
Wasting continued to increase compared to 2011 (by 0.6 percentage points) with wasting
prevalence still at a level of public health significance (Figure 9). The increase in wasting/thinness
contributes to a consistent upward trend from 5.8 percent in 2005 and 6.9 percent in 2008 (Figure 17).
ALL
MALE FEMALE
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Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 9. Prevalence of wasting among children 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by age and gender:
Philippines, 2008, 2011, and 2013
Among the regions, the top 3 with the highest undernutrition prevalences were: for
underweight – MIMAROPA (27.5%), Western Visayas (26.0%) and Bicol (24.6%); for stunting –
Bicol (39.8%), ARMM (39%) and Zamboanga Peninsula (38.7%); for wasting/ thinness –
MIMAROPA (9.8%), Ilocos Region (9.8%), and Western Visayas (8.9%) (Tables 16-18).
ALL
MALE FEMALE
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Table 16. Percentage distribution of children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months) by weight-for-age
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by gender, age group, and
region: Philippines, 2013 (n=13,406)
Disaggregation/ Variable
Weight-for-Age (%)
Mean
z-scores
Median
z-scores
Severely
Under-
weight
Moderately
Under-
Weight
Under-
weight* Normal
Over-
weight
<-3SD <-2SD to
-3SD < -2SD
-2SD to
+2SD >+2SD
Philippines 4.6 15.4 19.9 77.7 2.3 -0.97 -1.07
Gender/Age Group
0-5 m 4.8 7.4 12.2 83.6 4.3 -0.49 -0.42
6-11 m 4.6 10.6 15.2 82.1 2.7 -0.72 -0.76
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 5.5 14.6 20.1 77.6 2.3 -0.94 -1.01
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 5.0 16.8 21.8 76.2 2.1 -1.04 -1.13
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 4.7 17.6 22.3 75.7 2.0 -1.12 -1.21
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 3.3 17.7 21.0 76.9 2.1 -1.09 -1.23
Male 4.8 14.6 19.4 78.2 2.4 -0.96 -1.06
0-5 m 6.0 7.9 13.8 82.0 4.2 -0.59 -0.51
6-11 m 5.2 10.9 16.1 81.1 2.9 -0.77 -0.82
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 6.0 15.7 21.7 76.5 1.8 -1.00 -1.05
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 4.9 15.5 20.4 77.1 2.5 -0.98 -1.09
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 5.4 15.6 20.9 76.7 2.4 -1.07 -1.14
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 2.8 15.9 18.7 79.2 2.1 -1.02 -1.17
Female 4.3 16.2 20.5 77.2 2.3 -0.99 -1.08
0-5 m 3.7 6.9 10.6 85.1 4.3 -0.40 -0.39
6-11 m 4.1 10.3 14.3 83.2 2.5 -0.68 -0.72
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 4.9 13.4 18.3 78.8 2.9 -0.88 -0.93
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 5.2 18.2 23.4 75.0 1.6 -1.11 -1.16
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 3.9 19.7 23.6 74.8 1.6 -1.17 -1.27
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 3.8 19.6 23.4 74.5 2.0 -1.16 -1.28
Region
NCR 2.2 10.7 12.9 83.8 3.3 -0.61 -0.68
CAR 4.1 12.4 16.5 81.4 2.1 -0.90 -0.94
I . Ilocos 5.3 16.1 21.4 76.1 2.5 -1.02 -1.15
II. Cagayan Valley 5.1 15.5 20.6 76.7 2.7 -0.99 -1.11
III. Central Luzon 4.8 12.9 17.7 79.0 3.3 -0.85 -0.94
IV-A. CALABARZON 2.9 15.2 18.1 79.1 2.9 -0.83 -0.92
IV-B. MIMAROPA 10.0 17.5 27.5 69.5 3.0 -1.26 -1.32
V. Bicol 5.4 19.2 24.6 74.1 1.3 -1.23 -1.28
VI. Western Visayas 7.4 18.5 26.0 71.6 2.5 -1.19 -1.26
VII. Central Visayas 4.5 18.6 23.1 76.2 0.7 -1.17 -1.26
VIII. Eastern Visayas 5.5 16.2 21.7 76.5 1.8 -1.11 -1.21
IX. Zamboanga
Peninsula
6.2 18.2 24.5 74.3 1.2 -1.21 -1.23
X. Northern Mindanao 3.2 14.4 17.7 79.8 2.6 -0.95 -1.07
XI. Davao 4.0 14.8 18.8 79.9 1.3 -1.08 -1.17
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 4.6 19.2 23.8 74.6 1.6 -1.14 -1.23
ARMM 5.8 16.1 21.9 75.9 2.2 -1.08 -1.18
Caraga 5.6 14.2 19.8 78.8 1.4 -1.09 -1.11
*Totals may not add up due to rounding
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Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
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Department of Science and Technology
Table 17. Percentage distribution of children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months) by height-for-age
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by gender, age group, and
region: Philippines, 2013 (n = 13,291)
Disaggregation/ Variable
Height-for-Age (%)
Mean
z-scores
Median
z-scores
Severely
Stunted
Moderately
Stunted/
Underheight
Stunted* Normal Tall
<-3SD <-2SD to
-3SD <-2SD
-2SD to
+2SD >+2SD
Philippines 9.7 20.6 30.3 67.8 1.8 -1.32 -1.37
Gender/Age Group
0-5 m 4.6 8.5 13.1 83.2 3.8 -0.46 -0.50
6-11 m 4.4 11.8 16.2 79.8 4.0 -0.65 -0.73
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 10.8 20.7 31.5 66.2 2.3 -1.37 -1.41
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 11.9 23.8 35.7 63.0 1.3 -1.55 -1.61
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 12.6 22.8 35.4 63.6 1.0 -1.57 -1.57
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 8.6 24.1 32.7 66.2 1.1 -1.45 -1.52
Male 10.4 21.1 31.5 66.5 2.0 -1.35 -1.40
0-5 m 5.1 11.2 16.3 79.2 4.5 -0.56 -0.60
6-11 m 4.7 12.5 17.2 77.3 5.5 -0.64 -0.80
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 12.9 22.4 35.3 62.9 1.8 -1.48 -1.52
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 12.3 23.8 36.1 62.5 1.4 -1.53 -1.63
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 13.0 22.4 35.5 63.2 1.3 -1.58 -1.56
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 8.6 23.8 32.4 66.7 0.9 -1.44 -1.49
Female 9.0 20.1 29.1 69.3 1.6 -1.29 -1.35
0-5 m 4.1 5.8 9.9 87.0 3.1 -0.37 -0.40
6-11 m 4.0 11.1 15.1 82.4 2.5 -0.66 -0.69
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 8.5 18.9 27.5 69.8 2.7 -1.25 -1.31
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 11.4 23.8 35.2 63.7 1.1 -1.56 -1.59
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 12.1 23.3 35.4 64.1 0.6 -1.56 -1.58
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 8.5 24.5 33.0 65.7 1.3 -1.46 -1.54
Region
NCR 6.2 16.2 22.4 74.6 3.0 -0.96 -1.01
CAR 9.1 23.3 32.4 66.3 1.4 -1.46 -1.48
I . Ilocos 8.9 18.5 27.4 70.7 1.9 -1.27 -1.34
II. Cagayan Valley 8.3 18.6 26.9 71.7 1.4 -1.30 -1.28
III. Central Luzon 5.7 17.4 23.1 75.7 1.2 -1.11 -1.14
IV-A. CALABARZON 7.2 18.1 25.3 72.6 2.1 -1.16 -1.20
IV-B. MIMAROPA 13.9 21.7 35.6 62.9 1.5 -1.59 -1.60
V. Bicol 14.7 25.1 39.8 59.1 1.1 -1.66 -1.74
VI. Western Visayas 12.9 23.9 36.9 62.6 0.5 -1.59 -1.57
VII. Central Visayas 12.0 22.6 34.6 64.1 1.2 -1.49 -1.57
VIII. Eastern Visayas 12.2 24.6 36.8 61.1 2.1 -1.45 -1.59
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 13.7 25.0 38.7 60.0 1.3 -1.59 -1.63
X. Northern Mindanao 10.2 23.4 33.6 65.4 1.0 -1.38 -1.47
XI. Davao 10.8 19.1 29.8 67.5 2.6 -1.34 -1.40
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 12.3 24.0 36.3 61.9 1.8 -1.52 -1.55
ARMM 14.0 25.0 39.0 57.7 3.4 -1.49 -1.64
Caraga 10.0 24.3 34.3 63.9 1.8 -1.43 -1.47
Note: Stunted also means underheight
*Totals may not add up due to rounding
20
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
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Department of Science and Technology
Table 18. Percentage distribution of children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months), by weight-for-height
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by gender, age group, and
region: Philippines, 2013 (n =13,285)
Disaggregation/ Variable
Weight-for-Height (%)
Mean
z-scores
Median
z-scores
Severely
Wasted/
Thin
Moderately
Wasted/
Thin
Wasted/
Thin* Normal
Over-
weight NEC
<-3SD <-2SD to
-3SD <-2SD
-2SD to
+2SD >+2SD
Philippines 2.8 5.1 7.9 86.9 5.0 0.2 -0.31 -0.40
Gender/Age Group
0-5 m 6.5 6.9 13.4 76.4 9.9 0.4 -0.15 -0.20
6-11 m 4.8 6.6 11.3 83.6 5.0 0.0 -0.41 -0.45
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 3.3 7.3 10.6 84.9 4.4 0.1 -0.35 -0.41
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 2.4 4.0 6.4 88.6 4.8 0.2 -0.29 -0.38
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 2.0 3.8 5.8 89.8 4.2 0.3 -0.32 -0.38
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 1.2 4.3 5.5 89.5 4.8 0.2 -0.31 -0.45
Male 3.1 5.1 8.2 86.2 5.4 0.2 -0.28 -0.37
0-5 m 6.7 6.9 13.6 76.1 10.1 0.1 -0.17 -0.18
6-11 m 5.9 6.8 12.7 82.3 5.0 0.0 -0.48 -0.49
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 3.7 7.5 11.1 84.5 4.3 0.1 -0.37 -0.39
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 2.3 4.4 6.7 87.6 5.6 0.2 -0.22 -0.36
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 2.8 3.6 6.5 88.1 5.0 0.4 -0.28 -0.35
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 1.0 4.1 5.1 89.7 5.2 0.1 -0.23 -0.39
Female 2.5 5.1 7.5 87.6 4.6 0.3 -0.34 -0.43
0-5 m 6.4 6.8 13.2 76.6 9.6 0.6 -0.14 -0.23
6-11 m 3.6 6.3 9.9 85.0 5.1 0.0 -0.33 -0.43
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 2.8 7.2 10.0 85.4 4.6 0.0 -0.33 -0.43
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 2.6 3.5 6.1 89.7 3.9 0.3 -0.36 -0.41
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 1.1 4.0 5.0 91.4 3.3 0.2 -0.35 -0.39
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 1.4 4.6 6.0 89.3 4.3 0.4 -0.39 -0.51
Region
NCR 1.8 4.7 6.4 87.0 6.5 0.1 -0.07 -0.19
CAR 3.4 2.5 5.9 87.3 6.1 0.7 -0.06 -0.11
I . Ilocos 3.0 6.8 9.8 84.9 5.4 0.0 -0.41 -0.58
II. Cagayan Valley 1.8 6.1 7.9 86.1 5.7 0.3 -0.35 -0.46
III. Central Luzon 2.9 5.4 8.3 85.2 6.2 0.3 -0.30 -0.43
IV-A. CALABARZON 3.2 5.4 8.7 84.2 6.6 0.5 -0.23 -0.35
IV-B. MIMAROPA 2.9 6.9 9.8 84.6 5.5 0.2 -0.47 -0.58
V. Bicol 2.5 4.8 7.4 88.6 3.8 0.2 -0.40 -0.48
VI. Western Visayas 3.1 5.8 8.9 86.3 4.6 0.3 -0.42 -0.53
VII. Central Visayas 2.5 5.3 7.9 88.5 3.6 0.0 -0.44 -0.47
VIII. Eastern Visayas 3.3 4.5 7.8 89.0 3.2 0.0 -0.37 -0.41
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 3.2 4.8 8.0 89.3 2.6 0.0 -0.41 -0.44
X. Northern Mindanao 2.3 4.7 7.0 88.3 4.8 0.0 -0.21 -0.27
XI. Davao 2.8 4.7 7.5 88.9 3.4 0.2 -0.44 -0.42
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 3.1 3.5 6.7 89.9 3.5 0.0 -0.39 -0.44
ARMM 3.3 5.2 8.5 86.9 3.9 0.7 -0.39 -0.38
Caraga 3.9 3.6 7.5 88.5 3.7 0.3 -0.37 -0.40
Note: Wasted/wasting also means thinness/thin
*Totals may not add up due to rounding
21
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Table 19. Percentage distribution of children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months), by BMI-for-age classification,
mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by gender, age group, and region:
Philippines, 2013 (n=13,284)
Disaggregation/ Variable
BMI-for-age (%)
Mean z-scores
Median z-scores
Severely Thin
Mode- rately Thin
Thin* Normal
Over- weight
Obese Over-
weight/Obese*
<-3SD <-2SD
to -3SD
<-2SD
-2SD to +2SD
>+2SD to
+3SD >+3SD
>+2SD
Philippines 2.8 4.3 7.1 87.5 2.7 2.6 5.4 -0.18 -0.26
Gender/Age Group
0-5 m 6.4 7.0 13.5 78.9 3.7 3.9 7.6 -0.29 -0.35 6-11 m 5.8 6.2 12.0 83.0 3.0 0.0 3.0 -0.46 -0.51 12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 3.0 5.3 8.3 86.3 2.7 2.7 5.4 -0.13 -0.15 24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 2.6 3.0 5.5 88.7 2.6 3.2 5.8 -0.08 -0.17 36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 1.7 3.7 5.4 89.5 2.6 2.5 5.1 -0.11 -0.21 48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 1.3 3.2 4.5 90.8 2.7 2.0 4.7 -0.22 -0.34
Male 3.2 4.1 7.3 86.8 3.0 2.9 6.0 -0.12 -0.19
0-5 m 7.3 7.9 15.1 77.1 3.8 4.0 7.8 -0.37 -0.41 6-11 m 7.5 6.0 13.5 81.5 3.3 0.0 3.3 -0.53 -0.51 12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 3.4 5.2 8.6 86.3 2.7 2.4 5.1 -0.12 -0.12 24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 2.4 3.1 5.4 87.8 2.8 4.0 6.8 0.01 -0.11 36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 2.5 3.6 6.1 87.4 3.3 3.2 6.5 0.00 -0.14 48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 1.0 2.7 3.7 91.1 2.8 2.4 5.2 -0.10 -0.23
Female 2.4 4.4 6.8 88.4 2.5 2.3 4.8 -0.24 -0.31
0-5 m 5.7 6.2 11.9 80.7 3.6 3.8 7.4 -0.22 -0.32 6-11 m 4.0 6.5 10.5 84.5 2.6 0.0 2.6 -0.39 -0.51 12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 2.7 5.4 8.1 86.2 2.6 3.1 5.7 -0.13 -0.19 24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 2.8 2.9 5.6 89.7 2.3 2.4 4.7 -0.18 -0.23 36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 0.9 3.8 4.7 91.7 1.9 1.7 3.6 -0.21 -0.27 48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 1.6 3.8 5.4 90.4 2.5 1.7 4.2 -0.34 -0.45
Region NCR 2.2 4.0 6.1 87.2 3.9 2.8 6.7 0.02 -0.06 CAR 3.4 2.7 6.1 87.7 2.9 3.3 6.2 0.05 0.06
I . Ilocos 3.1 5.8 8.9 84.9 3.0 3.2 3.0 -0.29 -0.43 II. Cagayan Valley 2.1 5.5 7.6 86.4 3.4 2.6 6.0 -0.24 -0.34 III. Central Luzon 2.9 5.1 8.0 85.7 2.9 3.3 6.3 -0.20 -0.34 IV-A. CALABARZON 3.2 4.8 8.0 84.7 3.5 3.8 7.3 -0.13 -0.27 IV-B. MIMAROPA 2.2 5.9 8.1 85.9 2.8 3.3 6.0 -0.33 -0.46 V. Bicol 2.4 3.3 5.7 90.5 1.7 2.1 3.8 -0.23 -0.26 VI. Western Visayas 2.7 4.6 7.3 88.0 1.4 3.3 4.7 -0.25 -0.39 VII. Central Visayas 2.7 4.3 7.0 89.4 2.5 1.2 2.5 -0.32 -0.31 VIII. Eastern Visayas 3.2 3.6 6.8 89.2 2.6 1.4 2.6 -0.23 -0.22 IX. Zamboanga
Peninsula 3.4 3.6 6.9 90.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 -0.26 -0.31
X. Northern Mindanao 2.4 2.6 5.0 90.2 2.5 2.3 2.5 -0.09 -0.13 XI. Davao 2.9 4.5 7.4 89.0 2.5 1.1 3.6 -0.29 -0.26 XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 3.2 2.6 5.7 90.2 1.8 2.2 1.8 -0.25 -0.29
ARMM 3.4 4.0 7.4 88.1 1.4 3.0 4.5 -0.09 -0.22 Caraga 3.4 3.4 6.8 88.4 2.8 1.9 4.7 -0.22 -0.21
*Totals may not add up due to rounding
22
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
As expected, the highest prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting were among those
in the rural areas (22.6%, 35.0%, and 8.1% respectively) (Figure 10), and in the poorest quintile
(29.3%, 45.0% and 9.6% respectively) (Tables 20-22).
Table 20. Percentage distribution of children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months), by weight-for-age
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by place of residence, and
wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 (n = 13, 406)
Residence/
Wealth Quintile
Weight-for-Age (%)
Mean
z-scores
Median
z-scores
Severely
Underweight
Moderately
Underweight Underweight* Normal
Over-
weight
<-3SD <-2SD to
-3SD < -2SD -2SD to +2SD >+2SD
Philippines 4.6 15.4 19.9 77.7 2.3 -0.97 -1.07
Poorest 8.0 21.8 29.8 68.9 1.3 -1.42 -1.46
Second 4.6 18.8 23.4 75.1 1.4 -1.17 -1.24
Middle 4.2 14.8 19.0 79.6 1.4 -1.04 -1.11
Fourth 2.6 10.2 12.8 84.4 2.8 -0.70 -0.79
Wealthiest 1.8 6.7 8.6 85.4 6.1 -0.21 -0.29
Urban 3.7 13.6 17.3 79.9 2.8 -0.81 -0.89
Poorest 8.1 23.4 31.5 67.1 1.4 -1.07 -1.42
Second 4.8 18.2 22.9 75.5 1.6 -0.72 -1.17
Middle 4.7 15.7 20.4 78.5 1.1 -0.69 -1.09
Fourth 2.3 10.6 12.9 84.7 2.5 -0.29 -0.76
Wealthiest 1.6 6.8 8.4 85.4 6.2 -0.18 -0.29
Rural 5.4 17.2 22.6 75.5 1.9 -1.13 -1.23
Poorest 7.9 21.4 29.3 69.4 1.3 -1.42 -1.47
Second 4.6 19.2 23.8 74.9 1.3 -1.40 -1.27
Middle 3.5 13.7 17.3 80.9 1.8 -1.18 -1.14
Fourth 3.3 9.4 12.7 83.7 3.6 -1.16 -0.92
Wealthiest 2.7 6.4 9.1 85.1 5.8 -1.01 -0.31
*Totals may not add up due to rounding
23
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Table 21. Percentage distribution of children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months), by height-for-age
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by place of residence, and
wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 (n=13,291)
Residence/Wealth
Quintile
Height-for-Age (%)
Mean
z-scores
Median
z-scores Severely
Stunted
Moderately
Stunted/
Underheight
Under-
height* Normal Tall
<-3SD <-2SD to -3SD <-2SD -2SD to +2SD >+2SD
Philippines 9.7 20.6 30.3 67.8 1.8 -1.32 -1.37
Poorest 17.2 27.6 44.8 53.9 1.2 -1.81 -1.88
Second 10.9 25.0 35.9 62.6 1.5 -1.51 -1.60
Middle 8.0 20.5 28.5 70.3 1.2 -1.34 -1.40
Fourth 4.9 15.5 20.4 77.6 2.0 -0.99 -1.05
Wealthiest 3.7 9.6 13.3 83.1 3.7 -0.60 -0.64
Urban 8.2 17.5 25.7 72.2 2.1 -1.15 -1.19
Poorest 17.8 26.4 44.2 54.3 1.5 -1.32 -1.82
Second 11.1 22.8 33.9 64.8 1.3 -0.98 -1.55
Middle 9.3 19.7 29.0 69.4 1.7 -1.00 -1.42
Fourth 5.0 15.8 20.8 77.4 1.8 -0.64 -1.03
Wealthiest 3.9 9.2 13.1 83.3 3,7 -0.60 -0.66
Rural 11.2 23.8 35.0 63.5 1.5 -1.49 -1.56
Poorest 17.0 28.0 45.0 53.8 1.2 -1.82 -1.89
Second 10.8 26.4 37.1 61.2 1.7 -1.75 -1.62
Middle 6.4 21.4 27.9 71.4 0.8 -1.52 -1.40
Fourth 4.6 14.8 19.5 78.0 2.5 -1.50 -1.06
Wealthiest 3.0 10.9 14.0 82.5 3.6 -1.35 -0.61
*Totals may not add up due to rounding
Table 22. Percentage distribution of children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months), by weight-for-height
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by place of residence, and
wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 (n=13,285)
Residence/Wealth
Quintile
Weight-for-Height (%)
Mean
z-scores
Median
z-scores
Severely
Wasted/
Thin
Modera-
tely
Wasted/
Thin
Wasted
/Thin* Normal
Over-
weight-
for-height NEC
<-3SD <-2SD to
-3SD <-2SD
-2SD to
+2SD >+2SD
Philippines 2.8 5.1 7.9 86.9 5.0 0.2 -0.31 -0.40
Poorest 3.5 6.0 9.5 87.5 2.8 0.2 -0.54 -0.56
Second 2.5 4.8 7.3 89.0 3.5 0.2 -0.43 -0.51
Middle 2.8 5.5 8.3 87.3 4.3 0.1 -0.39 -0.48
Fourth 2.5 5.2 7.8 85.8 6.1 0.3 -0.18 -0.26
Wealthiest 2.1 3.4 5.4 83.5 10.7 0.3 0.21 0.08
Urban 2.7 5.1 7.7 86.1 5.9 0.2 -0.21 -0.32
Poorest 3.5 5.8 9.3 87.7 2.8 0.1 -0.44 -0.61
Second 2.4 5.0 7.4 88.9 3.5 0.2 -0.25 -0.51
Middle 3.5 6.2 9.6 86.0 4.3 0.1 -0.15 -0.50
Fourth 2.6 5.3 7.9 86.0 5.9 0.3 0.08 -0.22
Wealthiest 1.7 3.5 5.2 83.7 10.8 0.4 0.24 0.08
Rural 2.9 5.2 8.1 87.6 4.1 0.2 -0.40 -0.47
Poorest 3.6 6.0 9.6 87.4 2.8 0.2 -0.54 -0.56
Second 2.5 4.7 7.2 89.1 3.5 0.2 -0.54 -0.51
Middle 2.0 4.8 6.8 88.8 4.3 0.1 -0.43 -0.46
Fourth 2.4 5.2 7.6 85.4 6.7 0.3 -0.43 -0.35
Wealthiest 3.4 2.9 6.3 83.0 10.5 0.2 -0.33 0.08
*Totals may not add up due to rounding
24
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Table 23. Percentage distribution of children, 0-5.0 year-old (0-60 months), by BMI-for-age classification,
mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by place of residence, and wealth quintile:
Philippines, 2013 (n=13,284)
Residence/Wealth Quintile
BMI-for-Age (%)
Mean z-scores
Median z-scores
Severely Thin
Mode-rately Thin
Thin*
Normal Over- weight
Obese Over-
weight/ Obese*
<-3SD <-2SD
to -3SD
<-2SD -2SD
to +2SD
>+2SD to +3SD
>+3SD
>+2SD
Philippines 2.8 4.3 7.1 87.5 2.7 2.6 5.4 -0.18 -0.26
Poorest 3.4 4.8 8.2 88.5 1.3 1.9 3.3 -0.34 -0.37
Second 2.6 3.9 6.4 89.7 1.8 2.0 3.9 -0.28 -0.35
Middle 2.5 4.9 7.4 88.3 2.3 2.0 4.3 -0.27 -0.35
Fourth 2.9 4.3 7.2 86.2 3.8 2.8 6.6 -0.10 -0.14
Wealthiest 2.4 3.0 5.4 83.5 5.7 5.4 11.1 0.26 0.12
Urban 2.7 4.4 7.1 86.6 3.3 3.0 6.3 -0.11 -0.20
Poorest 2.7 5.5 8.2 88.8 0.9 2.2 3.1 -0.33 -0.45
Second 2.4 3.9 6.4 89.7 2.0 1.9 3.9 -0.16 -0.36
Middle 3.1 5.7 8.8 87.0 2.3 1.9 4.2 -0.08 -0.37
Fourth 2.9 4.4 7.2 86.2 3.7 2.9 6.5 0.17 -0.11
Wealthiest 2.3 2.9 5.2 83.6 6.0 5.2 11.2 0.29 0.12
Rural 2.9 4.2 7.1 88.5 2.2 2.3 4.5 -0.25 -0.31
Poorest 3.6 4.6 8.2 88.5 1.5 1.9 3.4 -0.33 -0.36
Second 2.7 3.8 6.5 89.7 1.7 2.1 3.8 -0.38 -0.35
Middle 1.9 3.8 5.7 89.9 2.3 2.1 4.3 -0.28 -0.31
Fourth 2.9 4.1 7.0 86.3 4.2 2.5 6.8 -0.27 -0.22
Wealthiest 2.9 3.3 6.2 83.2 4.7 5.9 10.5 -0.21 0.14
*Totals may not add up due to rounding
25
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Figure 10. Prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60
months), by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013
Preschool children were heavier and taller in 2013 than in 2011 as shown in the general
decreases in undernutrition. Underweight prevalence had decreased between 2011 and 2013 in most
of the regions except for CAR, Ilocos, Central Luzon, CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, Western
Visayas, and Central Visayas (Figure 11). Conversely, stunting prevalence generally decreased in
most of the regions except Central Luzon and Bicol (Figure 12). A dramatic decrease in wasting was
observed in the regions of Cagayan Valley, ARMM, and Caraga. However, sharp increases in wasting
prevalence were also observed in Central Luzon, CALABARZON, Western Visayas, and Central
Visayas (Figure 13).
*Significan between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 11. Prevalence of underweight among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months),
by region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
UNDERWEIGHT STUNTING
WASTING
26
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 12. Prevalence of stunting among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by
region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 13. Prevalence of wasting among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by
region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
The overweight prevalence rate is going up at an average of 0.17 percentage points per year
for the past 24 years (Figure 17). More males were overweight at 5.4 percent than females at 4.6
percent (Table 18). Overweight rates were highest among the 0-5 month olds (9.9%) (Figure 14),
those in the highest wealth quintile (10.7%) (Figure 16) and those from regions IV-A (6.6%), CAR
(6.1%), NCR (6.5%) and Central Luzon (6.2%) (Table 18). Likewise, overweight prevalence
increased in all regions except for Ilocos and Zamboanga Peninsula (Figure 15).
27
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 14. Prevalence of overweight-for-height among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by age
and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 15. Prevalence of overweight-for-height among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60
months), by region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
ALL
MALE FEMALE
28
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Figure 16. Prevalence of overweight-for-height among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60
months), by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013
Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among children 0-5.0 years old are shown in Figure
17. Underweight prevalence barely changed since 2011 but an annual average reduction of 0.31
percentage points for the past 24 years was noted. Magnitude and severity of stunting prevalence
remained high although it decreased to 30.3 percent in 2013 from 33.6 percent in 2011 and a 0.6
percentage point annual average reduction for the past 24 years. However, an increasing trend was
seen in both wasting and overweight-for-height. Magnitude and severity of wasting was still poor with
a prevalence rate of 7.9 percent.
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 17. Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60
months), using WHO-CGS: Philippines, 1989-2013
29
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
3.2. Nutritional Status of School-Age Children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months)
The mean weights and heights of children 5-10.0 years old increased with age, as expected,
with males having higher mean weights and heights than females, until the females have their growth
spurts starting from around eight years old when their mean heights exceed those of the males of the
same age (Table 24). Notably, children from the urban areas had higher mean weights and heights
than those from rural areas (Tables 25 and 26).
Table 24. Mean weight and height of children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), by age, and by
gender: Philippines, 2013
Age
(months)
Male Female Both Genders
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
5.08-5.99 y
(61-71 m) 16.8 (0.09) 106.1 (0.18) 16.5 (0.09) 105.6 (0.17) 16.7 (0.06) 105.9 (0.13)
6.0-6.99 y
(72-83 m) 19.0 (0.14) 111.7 (0.17) 18.4 (0.10) 111.1 (0.17) 18.7 (0.09) 111.4 (0.12)
7.0-7.99 y
(84-95 m) 20.7 (0.13) 116.5 (0.18) 20.2 (0.11) 116.2 (0.19) 20.5 (0.08) 116.4 (0.13)
8.0-8.99 y
(96-107 m) 22.7 (0.15) 121.2 (0.18) 22.5 (0.16) 121.6 (0.20) 22.6 (0.11) 121.4 (0.14)
9.0-10.0 y
(108-120 m) 25.2 (0.17) 126.1 (0.18) 25.0 (0.15) 126.8 (0.20) 25.1 (0.11) 126.4 (0.14)
All 21.1 (0.08) 116.9 (0.12) 20.7 (0.07) 116.8 (0.13) 20.9 (0.06) 116.9 (0.09)
Table 25. Mean weight and height of children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), by age, and by
gender: Philippines, Urban, 2013
Age
(months)
Male Female Both Genders
Mean (+SE)
weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
5.08-5.99 y
(61-71 m) 17.3 (0.14) 107.2 (0.26) 17.0 (0.15) 106.6 (0.26) 17.2 (0.11) 106.9 (0.19)
6.0-6.99 y
(72-83 m) 19.9 (0.26) 113.1 (0.28) 19.0 (0.18) 112.1 (0.26) 19.5 (0.16) 112.6 (0.19)
7.0-7.99 y
(84-95 m) 21.6 (0.22) 117.8 (0.27) 20.7 (0.19) 116.9 (0.28) 21.1 (0.14) 117.3 (0.19)
8.0-8.99 y
(96-107 m) 23.6 (0.26) 122.3 (0.29) 23.5 (0.30) 123.0 (0.34) 23.5 (0.20) 122.7 (0.22)
9.0-10.0 y
(108-120 m) 26.5 (0.29) 127.6 (0.27) 25.8 (0.26) 128.1 (0.32) 26.2 (0.20) 127.9 (0.21)
All 21.9 (0.14) 118.0 (0.19) 21.3 (0.13) 117.6 (0.20) 21.6 (0.10) 117.8 (0.14)
30
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Table 26. Mean weight and height of children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), by age and by gender:
Philippines, Rural, 2013
Age (months)
Male Female Both Genders
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
5.08-5.99 y
(61-71 m) 16.3 (0.09) 105.0 (0.23) 16.0 (0.10) 104.6 (0.21) 16.2 (0.07) 104.8 (0.16)
6.0-6.99 y
(72-83 m) 18.1 (0.10) 110.4 (0.20) 17.7 (0.10) 110.2 (0.22) 17.9 (0.07) 110.3 (0.15)
7.0-7.99 y
(84-95 m) 20.0 (0.14) 115.5 (0.23) 19.6 (0.12) 115.6 (0.24) 19.8 (0.09) 115.5 (0.17)
8.0-8.99 y
(96-107 m) 21.9 (0.15) 120.2 (0.22) 21.6 (0.14) 120.4(0.22) 21.8 (0.11) 120.3 (0.16)
9.0-10.0 y
(108-120 m) 24.2 (0.18) 124.9 (0.22) 24.2 (0.17) 125.6 (0.25) 24.2 (0.12) 125.2 (0.17)
All 20.4 (0.08) 115.9 (0.14) 20.2 (0.08) 116.1 (0.15) 20.3 (0.06) 116.0 (0.11)
Among children 5-10 years old, underweight and stunting had also decreased from 2011
levels (3.0 percentage points and 3.7 percentage points, respectively) (Figures 18 and 19). However,
underweight prevalence was even higher in this age group compared to the 0-5 year-old age group. At
29.1 percent, this prevalence is still considered a problem of public health significance though it has
already improved from the 32.1 percent prevalence in 2011 (Table 27 and Figure 18).
Compared to the younger age group, the stunting rate was lower in this age group at 29.9
percent which is also an improvement from 33.6 percent in 2011 (Table 28 and Figure 19).
Disaggregated by gender, malnutrition was more prevalent in males than females; by age,
underweight and wasting rates increased sharply by age seven years old while overweight do so by
age six years old. Stunting, on the other hand, started at a high prevalence at age of five years old,
declined by age six to seven years old and again increased among children eight to ten years old. All
forms of malnutrition in this age group generally were at their highest prevalence among children nine
to ten years old, as they start to enter adolescence (Tables 27-29 and Figures 18-21).
31
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Table 27. Percentage distribution of children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months), by weight-for-age
classification, mean and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference, and by gender, age
group, and region: Philippines, 2013 (n = 16, 387)
Disaggregation/ Variable
Weight-for-Age (%)
Mean
z-scores
Median
z-scores
Severely
Under-
weight
Moderately
Under-
weight
Under-
weight* Normal
Over-
weight
<-3SD <-2SD to
-3SD <-2SD
-2SD to
+2SD >+2SD
Philippines 6.7 22.3 29.1 68.6 2.4 -1.29 -1.44
Gender/ Age Group
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 5.0 20.7 25.7 72.2 2.1 -1.25 -1.34
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 5.1 20.5 25.7 71.9 2.4 -1.19 -1.34
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 6.6 22.5 29.1 68.4 2.4 -1.28 -1.43
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 8.0 23.4 31.4 66.2 2.4 -1.35 -1.52
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 8.5 23.9 32.4 65.2 2.5 -1.37 -1.52
Male 7.7 23.4 31.1 65.9 3.0 -1.32 -1.49
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 5.2 21.2 26.4 71.2 2.4 -1.27 -1.39
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 5.8 21.6 27.4 69.7 3.0 -1.20 -1.39
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 8.4 24.3 32.7 63.7 3.6 -1.34 -1.51
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 9.7 25.3 35.0 62.4 2.7 -1.41 -1.61
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 9.0 24.2 33.2 63.5 3.4 -1.36 -1.54
Female 5.7 21.1 26.8 71.5 1.7 -1.26 -1.38
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 4.8 20.1 24.9 73.4 1.7 -1.23 -1.31
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 4.5 19.4 23.9 74.3 1.8 -1.17 -1.29
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 4.7 20.7 25.4 73.3 1.3 -1.22 -1.35
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 6.1 21.4 27.6 70.3 2.1 -1.28 -1.44
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 8.0 23.5 31.4 67.0 1.5 -1.37 -1.47
Region
NCR 3.4 17.1 20.5 73.2 6.3 -0.80 -1.06
CAR 4.8 14.9 19.7 78.8 1.6 -1.04 -1.08
I . Ilocos 7.0 18.8 25.8 71.6 2.6 -1.21 -1.37
II. Cagayan Valley 4.4 19.3 23.7 74.0 2.3 -1.13 -1.25
III. Central Luzon 6.2 20.2 26.4 70.5 3.1 -1.11 -1.31
IV-A. CALABARZON 5.3 19.9 25.2 72.1 2.7 -1.13 -1.28
IV-B. MIMAROPA 11.8 28.3 40.0 59.0 1.0 -1.64 -1.74
V. Bicol 10.1 28.4 38.5 60.4 1.1 -1.69 -1.73
VI. Western Visayas 8.1 26.5 34.6 64.4 1.0 -1.54 -1.65
VII. Central Visayas 7.0 24.2 31.1 67.2 1.7 -1.41 -1.51
VIII. Eastern Visayas 10.3 28.2 38.5 61.1 0.4 -1.65 -1.73
IX. Zamboanga
Peninsula
8.0 27.1 35.1 63.7 1.2 -1.60 -1.65
X. Northern Mindanao 6.3 22.2 28.5 69.5 2.0 -1.35 -1.48
XI. Davao 6.7 24.3 31.0 67.9 1.1 -1.42 -1.48
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 8.1 24.1 32.2 67.2 0.6 -1.54 -1.61
ARMM 7.6 23.4 30.9 67.8 1.3 -1.48 -1.52
CARAGA 6.8 19.6 26.4 72.8 0.8 -1.37 -1.43
*Totals may not add up due to rounding
32
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
ALL
MALE FEMALE
ALL
MALE FEMALE
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 18. Prevalence of underweight among children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), by
single age year and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 19. Prevalence of stunting among children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), by single
age year and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
33
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Table 28. Percentage distribution of children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months), by height-for-age
classification, mean and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference, and by gender, age
group, and region: Philippines, 2013 (n = 16, 354)
Disaggregation/ Variable
Height-for-age (%)
Mean
z-
scores
Median
z-scores
Severely
Stunted
Moderately
Stunted/
Underheight
Stunted/
Under-
height*
Normal Tall
<-3SD <-2SD to
-3SD <-2SD
-2SD to
+2SD >+2SD
Philippines 6.9 22.9 29.9 69.6 0.6 -1.41 -1.46
Gender/Age Group
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 7.6 22.5 30.0 69.5 0.4 -1.43 -1.46
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 6.4 22.5 28.8 70.6 0.5 -1.35 -1.41
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 6.3 22.1 28.4 70.8 0.7 -1.39 -1.42
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 6.8 23.6 30.4 69.0 0.6 -1.42 -1.48
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 7.5 23.8 31.3 68.1 0.6 -1.47 -1.51
Male 7.9 23.6 31.5 68.0 0.5 -1.47 -1.51
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 9.1 23.6 32.7 66.8 0.5 -1.49 -1.50
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 7.7 23.1 30.7 68.6 0.7 -1.40 -1.46
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 7.6 23.1 30.6 68.7 0.7 -1.46 -1.51
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 7.7 24.8 32.5 67.2 0.4 -1.50 -1.53
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 7.5 23.6 31.1 68.4 0.5 -1.49 -1.52
Female 5.9 22.2 28.1 71.3 0.6 -1.35 -1.40
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 5.9 21.2 27.2 72.5 0.4 -1.37 -1.41
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 5.0 21.8 26.8 72.8 0.4 -1.30 -1.35
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 5.0 21.2 26.2 73.0 0.8 -1.32 -1.35
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 5.8 22.3 28.2 71.0 0.9 -1.33 -1.43
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 7.5 24.0 31.5 67.8 0.7 -1.44 -1.49
Region
NCR 2.6 16.2 18.8 80.4 0.8 -1.01 -1.08
CAR 7.2 22.7 29.9 69.6 0.5 -1.45 -1.48
I . Ilocos 4.6 21.4 26.0 73.8 0.2 -1.29 -1.34
II. Cagayan Valley 3.4 19.6 23.0 76.7 0.3 -1.25 -1.30
III. Central Luzon 4.6 15.7 20.4 78.6 1.0 -1.13 -1.16
IV-A. CALABARZON 5.0 17.9 22.9 76.2 0.9 -1.22 -1.26
IV-B. MIMAROPA 9.8 28.0 37.8 61.4 0.7 -1.63 -1.62
V. Bicol 9.3 30.9 40.1 59.4 0.4 -1.71 -1.76
VI. Western Visayas 6.7 26.7 33.4 66.5 0.1 -1.53 -1.57
VII. Central Visayas 9.6 23.8 33.4 66.3 0.3 -1.60 -1.61
VIII. Eastern Visayas 10.8 30.9 41.7 58.0 0.3 -1.77 -1.82
IX. Zamboanga
Peninsula
12.1 32.2 44.3 55.3 0.4 -1.80 -1.85
X. Northern Mindanao 8.9 23.9 32.9 66.8 0.4 -1.53 -1.53
XI. Davao 8.0 26.6 34.5 64.8 0.6 -1.57 -1.60
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 10.4 28.3 38.8 61.1 0.1 -1.71 -1.74
ARMM 10.8 28.0 38.8 60.1 1.1 -1.63 -1.70
Caraga 7.8 26.6 34.4 65.2 0.4 -1.57 -1.64
*Totals may not add up due to rounding
34
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Wasting/thinness, on the other hand, had slowly increased since its decline in prevalence in 2005
(Figure 27). Overweight prevalence increased by 1.7 percentage points to 9.1 percent from 7.4 percent
in 2011 (Table 29 and Figure 21).
Table 29. Percentage distribution, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months), by BMI-for-age classification,
mean and median z-scores of children using WHO-Growth Reference, and by gender, age
group, and region: Philippines, 2013 (n = 16, 352)
Disaggregation/ Variable
BMI-for-age (%)
Mean z-scores
Median z-scores
Severely Wasted/
Thin
Mode-rately
Wasted/ Thin
Wasted* Normal Over- weight
Obese Over-
Weight/Obese*
<-3SD <-2SD
to -3SD <-2SD
-2SD to +1SD
>+1SD to +2SD
>+2SD >+1SD
Philippines 1.8 6.8 8.6 82.3 4.9 4.2 9.1 -0.58 -0.67
Gender/Age Group
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 1.3 3.7 5.0 87.1 4.6 3.3 7.9 -0.46 -0.54
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 1.5 4.9 6.3 84.4 4.5 4.8 9.3 -0.46 -0.56
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 1.8 7.6 9.4 81.1 5.4 4.1 9.4 -0.58 -0.67
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 1.8 7.8 9.6 81.1 5.0 4.3 9.3 -0.66 -0.78
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 2.5 9.3 11.7 78.9 5.0 4.4 9.4 -0.68 -0.77
Male 2.2 7.2 9.4 80.7 4.6 5.3 9.9 -0.54 -0.66
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 1.2 4.1 5.3 86.6 4.4 3.7 8.1 -0.44 -0.51
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 1.4 5.3 6.7 83.6 4.1 5.7 9.7 -0.40 -0.52
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 2.2 8.3 10.4 78.8 4.9 5.9 10.8 -0.55 -0.68
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 2.4 8.2 10.7 79.5 4.7 5.2 9.9 -0.65 -0.78
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 3.2 9.6 12.8 76.3 4.9 6.1 10.9 -0.65 -0.77
Female 1.5 6.3 7.8 84.0 5.3 2.9 8.2 -0.61 -0.68
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 1.4 3.3 4.7 87.7 4.9 2.8 7.7 -0.49 -0.56
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 1.5 4.4 5.9 85.2 5.1 3.8 8.9 -0.52 -0.61
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 1.5 6.9 8.4 83.5 5.8 2.2 8.1 -0.60 -0.65
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 1.2 7.3 8.5 82.8 5.3 3.4 8.7 -0.67 -0.78
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 1.7 8.9 10.6 81.7 5.2 2.6 7.7 -0.72 -0.78
Region
NCR 1.4 6.5 7.9 75.5 8.1 8.5 16.6 -0.26 -0.49
CAR 1.4 2.8 4.3 84.0 7.8 3.9 11.7 -0.17 -0.15
I . Ilocos 2.5 7.3 9.8 80.3 4.8 5.0 9.8 -0.60 -0.69
II. Cagayan Valley 2.0 5.9 7.9 82.9 5.2 4.0 9.2 -0.51 -0.60
III. Central Luzon 2.3 9.3 11.6 76.5 5.6 6.3 11.9 -0.59 -0.77
IV-A. CALABARZON 2.3 6.9 9.2 78.7 6.7 5.4 12.1 -0.55 -0.69
IV-B. MIMAROPA 2.4 10.2 12.6 82.0 3.4 2.0 5.4 -0.86 -0.94
V. Bicol 2.4 8.3 10.6 84.8 2.8 1.8 4.6 -0.85 -0.85
VI. Western Visayas 2.3 8.3 10.6 84.3 2.8 2.4 5.2 -0.81 -0.84
VII. Central Visayas 0.6 6.9 7.5 84.6 4.2 3.7 7.9 -0.55 -0.64
VIII. Eastern Visayas 1.4 6.2 7.6 87.8 3.8 0.8 4.7 -0.72 -0.75
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula
1.9 4.7 6.6 88.3 3.0 2.1 5.1 -0.62 -0.60
X. Northern Mindanao 0.7 4.4 5.1 88.2 3.6 3.1 6.7 -0.53 -0.64
XI. Davao 1.9 5.0 6.9 87.3 3.6 2.2 5.8 -0.59 -0.61
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1.4 4.6 6.0 88.0 3.8 2.2 6.0 -0.63 -0.68
ARMM 2.1 5.1 7.3 87.9 2.8 2.1 4.9 -0.61 -0.59
Caraga 1.4 5.2 6.6 87.1 4.1 2.1 6.2 -0.53 -0.51
*Totals may not add up due to rounding
35
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 20. Prevalence of wasting among children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), using BMI-for-
age by single age year and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, and 2013
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 21. Prevalence of overweight/obese among children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61-120 months), using
BMI-for-age by single age year and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, and 2013
ALL
MALE FEMALE
ALL
MALE FEMALE
36
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
As expected, the highest prevalences of underweight and stunting were among those in the
rural areas (33.5% and 36.2% respectively). Those residing in urban areas experience the double
burden of high prevalences of wasting and overweight at 8.7 percent and 12.7 percent respectively.
Similar to trends in the younger age group, the poorest quintiles have the highest prevalences of
underweight (42.5%) and stunting (48%). Wasting/ thinness, however, tended to be about the same
for the three lowest quintiles (9.1%, 9.5% and 9.7%). Among the wealthiest quintile, about 1 in 4
children were overweight or obese (25.5%)(Tables 30-32 and Figure 22).
Figure 22. Prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting and overweight/obese among children, 5.08-10.0
years old (61-120 months), by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013
UNDERWEIGHT
STUNTING
WASTING
OVERWEIGHT/OBESE
37
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Table 30. Percentage distribution of children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months), by weight-for-age
classification, mean and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference, and by place of
residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 (n = 16, 387)
Residence/
Wealth Quintile
Weight-for-Age (%) Mean
z-scores
Median
z-scores Severely
Underweight
Moderately
Underweight
Under-
weight* Normal
Over-
weight
<-3SD <-2SD to -3SD <-2SD -2SD to +2SD >+2SD
Philippines 6.7 22.3 29.1 68.6 2.4 -1.29 -1.44
Poorest 11.7 30.8 42.5 57.3 0.3 -1.81 -1.81
Second 7.6 26.6 34.2 64.9 0.8 -1.57 -1.64
Middle 5.6 22.8 28.4 70.4 1.2 -1.36 -1.46
Fourth 3.9 15.6 19.5 77.5 3.0 -0.95 -1.10
Wealthiest 1.4 8.5 9.9 81.3 8.8 -0.28 -0.48
Urban 5.3 18.9 24.2 72.1 3.7 -1.06 -1.25
Poorest 12.2 27.8 40.0 59.4 0.6 -1.78 -1.75
Second 8.0 26.7 34.7 63.7 1.7 -1.53 -1.62
Middle 5.4 25.2 30.7 68.0 1.4 -1.39 -1.49
Fourth 3.9 15.5 19.4 77.5 3.1 -0.94 -1.10
Wealthiest 1.5 8.2 9.7 81.5 8.8 -0.27 -0.48
Rural 8.1 25.4 33.5 65.4 1.1 -1.51 -1.58
Poorest 11.6 31.5 43.1 56.7 0.2 -1.82 -1.83
Second 7.3 26.6 33.9 65.7 0.3 -1.60 -1.65
Middle 5.7 20.3 26.0 73.0 1.0 -1.33 -1.42
Fourth 3.8 15.9 19.8 77.6 2.7 -0.98 -1.13
Wealthiest 1.2 9.7 11.0 80.4 8.6 -0.31 -0.49
Table 31. Percentage distribution of children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months), by height-for-age
classification, mean and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference, and by place of
residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 (n = 16, 354)
Residence/
Wealth Quintile
Height-for-Age (%)
Mean
z-scores
Median
z-scores
Severely
Stunted
Moderately
Stunted/
Underheight
Stunted/
Underheight* Normal Tall
<-3SD <-2SD to -3SD <-2SD -2SD to
+2SD >+2SD
Philippines 6.9 22.9 29.9 69.6 0.6 -1.41 -1.46
Poorest 13.7 34.3 48.0 51.6 0.4 -1.92 -1.95
Second 7.5 27.5 35.0 64.6 0.4 -1.64 -1.66
Middle 4.6 22.0 26.6 72.9 0.5 -1.39 -1.43
Fourth 3.1 13.7 16.7 82.7 0.6 -1.07 -1.10
Wealthiest 1.1 8.3 9.5 89.4 1.1 -0.63 -0.67
Urban 5.0 17.9 22.9 76.4 0.7 -1.20 -1.24
Poorest 14.2 30.3 44.5 55.4 0.1 -1.88 -1.87
Second 7.3 25.6 32.9 66.4 0.6 -1.57 -1.57
Middle 4.9 22.2 27.2 72.4 0.4 -1.42 -1.44
Fourth 3.2 13.3 16.6 82.8 0.7 -1.07 -1.11
Wealthiest 0.9 8.4 9.3 89.7 1.0 -0.62 -0.66
Rural 8.7 27.6 36.2 63.3 0.5 -1.61 -1.65
Poorest 13.6 35.3 48.9 50.6 0.5 -1.93 -1.98
Second 7.6 28.8 36.3 63.4 0.2 -1.68 -1.72
Middle 4.3 21.7 26.0 73.4 0.6 -1.36 -1.41
Fourth 2.7 14.4 17.2 82.4 0.4 -1.07 -1.08
Wealthiest 2.0 8.0 10.0 88.4 1.6 -0.67 -0.78
*Totals may not add up due to rounding
38
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Table 32. Percentage distribution of children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months), by BMI-for-age
classification, mean and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference, and by place of
residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 (n = 16, 352)
Residence/
Wealth
Quintile
BMI-for-Age (%)
Mean
z-scores
Median
z-scores
Severely
Wasted/
Thin
Moderately
Wasted/
Thin
Wasted* Normal Over-
weight Obese
Over-
Weight/
Obese*
<-3SD <-2SD to
-3SD <-2SD
-2SD to
+1SD
>+1SD
to
+2SD
>+2SD >+1SD
Philippines 1.8 6.8 8.6 82.3 4.9 4.2 9.1 -0.58 -0.67
Poorest 2.1 7.0 9.1 88.2 2.0 0.8 2.8 -0.81 -0.77
Second 1.6 7.9 9.5 86.0 2.9 1.6 4.5 -0.76 -0.77
Middle 1.9 7.7 9.7 83.8 4.0 2.5 6.5 -0.71 -0.77
Fourth 1.8 5.9 7.8 79.2 6.5 6.6 13.0 -0.43 -0.59
Wealthiest 1.3 4.6 5.9 68.6 12.3 13.2 25.5 0.10 -0.13
Urban 1.8 6.9 8.7 78.6 6.5 6.2 12.7 -0.45 -0.61
Poorest 1.9 7.7 9.6 87.1 2.1 1.1 3.2 -0.80 -0.78
Second 1.9 8.4 10.3 84.3 3.3 2.2 5.5 -0.78 -0.80
Middle 1.8 8.7 10.4 82.7 3.9 3.0 6.8 -0.72 -0.79
Fourth 1.9 6.3 8.2 78.4 6.5 6.9 13.4 -0.41 -0.56
Wealthiest 1.3 5.0 6.3 68.0 12.6 13.1 25.7 0.10 -0.12
Rural 1.8 6.6 8.5 85.7 3.5 2.3 5.8 -0.69 -0.72
Poorest 2.1 6.8 8.9 88.4 2.0 0.7 2.7 -0.81 -0.77
Second 1.4 7.6 8.9 87.2 2.7 1.2 3.9 -0.75 -0.75
Middle 2.1 6.8 8.9 84.9 4.1 2.1 6.2 -0.70 -0.74
Fourth 1.6 5.2 6.8 81.1 6.3 5.8 12.1 -0.48 -0.63
Wealthiest 1.3 3.0 4.3 71.0 11.1 13.6 24.7 0.12 -0.13
*Totals may not add up due to rounding
Regions with better weight-for-age (WFA) and height-for-age (HFA) indices were CAR (78.8%
normal WFA), Cagayan Valley (74% normal WFA and 76.7% normal HFA), NCR (73.2% normal WFA
and 80.4% normal HFA), and Central Luzon (78.6% normal HFA) (Tables 27-28). Wasting/thinness were
highest in MIMAROPA (12.6%), Central Luzon (11.6%), Bicol and Western Visayas (10.6%) (Figures 23-
25). Overweight/obese rates, in contrast, were highest in NCR (16.6%), CALABARZON (12.1%) and
Central Luzon (11.9%) (Figure 26).
39
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Figure 23.
Prevalence of
underweight
among
children, 5.08-
10.0 years old
(61-120
months), by
region:
Philippines,
2011 and 2013
Figure 24.
Prevalence of
stunting
among
children, 5.08-
10.0 years old
(61-120
months), by
region:
Philippines,
2011 and 2013
Figure 25.
Prevalence of
wasting
among
children, 5.08-
10.0 years old
(61-120
months),
using BMI-
for-age by
region:
Philippines,
2011 and 2013
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
40
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Figure 26.
Prevalence of
overweight/obese
among children,
5.08-10.0 years
old (61-120
months), using
BMI-for-age by
region:
Philippines, 2011
and 2013
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Overall, underweight and stunting showed decreasing trend overtime; however, wasting and
overweight continued to increase since 2005 (Figure 27). Double burden of malnutrition still exist
among children 5.08-10.0 years old.
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 27. Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among, children, 5.08-10.0 years old
(61-120 months): Philippines, 2003-2013
41
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
3.3. The Nutritional Status of Children, 0-10.0 years old (0-120 months)
Table 33 shows the mean weight (kg) and height (cm) of children 0-10 years old by age and
by gender. It is expected that the mean weights and heights of children increase as the child gets older.
The mean weights and heights of males are higher than that of females for children 0-10 years old
until the females start their growth spurt when they get to be taller than males at around the ages of
eight to ten years old.
The mean weights and heights of children 0-10 years old showed a slight increasing trend
from 2005 to 2013 (Table 34). Generally, there was a slow improvement in the mean heights and
weights of children from 2005 to 2013, but children in 2013 were slightly taller and heavier than
2011.
Table 33. Mean (SE) weight and height of children, 0-10 years old (0-120 months), by age group and by
gender: Philippines, 2013
Age Group
Both Genders Male Female
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
0-60m (0-5.0y) 85.5 (0.12) 11.6 (0.04) 86.2 (0.17) 11.9 (0.05) 84.9 (0.18) 11.3 (0.05)
0-5m 59.2 (0.18) 5.7 (0.05) 59.8 (0.26) 5.8 (0.07) 58.7 (0.23) 5.5 (0.07)
6-11m 69.5 (0.18) 8.0 (0.05) 70.5 (0.27) 8.2 (0.07) 68.5 (0.18) 7.7 (0.07)
12-23m (1.0-1.99y) 77.7 (0.12) 9.7 (0.04) 78.4 (0.16) 10.0 (0.05) 77.0 (0.17) 9.4 (0.06)
24-35m (2.0-2.99y) 85.9 (0.13) 11.6 (0.05) 86.5 (0.17) 12.0 (0.08) 85.1 (0.19) 11.2 (0.07)
36-47m (3.0-3.99y) 93.2 (0.12) 13.4 (0.05) 93.6 (0.18) 13.7 (0.08) 92.7 (0.16) 13.1 (0.07)
48-60m (4.0-5.0y) 100.1 (0.12) 15.2 (0.06) 100.5 (0.15) 15.5 (0.08) 99.7 (0.17) 14.9 (0.08)
61-120m (5.08-10.0y) 116.9 (0.09) 20.9 (0.06) 116.9 (0.12) 21.1 (0.08) 116.8 (0.13) 20.7 (0.07)
61-71m (5.08-10.0y) 105.9 (0.13) 16.7 (0.06) 106.1 (0.18) 16.8 (0.09) 105.6 (0.17) 16.5 (0.09)
72-83m (6.0-6.99y) 111.4 (0.12) 18.7 (0.09) 111.7 (0.17) 19.0 (0.14) 111.1 (0.17) 18.4 (0.10)
84-95m (7.0-7.99y) 116.4 (0.13) 20.5 (0.08) 116.5 (0.18) 20.7 (0.13) 116.2 (0.19) 20.2 (0.11)
97-107m (8.0-8.99y) 121.4 (0.14) 22.6 (0.11) 121.2 (0.18) 22.7 (0.15) 121.6 (0.20) 22.5 (0.16)
108-120m (9.0-10.0y) 126.4 (0.14) 25.1 (0.11) 126.1 (0.18) 25.2 (0.17) 126.8 (0.20) 25.0 (0.15)
Table 34. Mean weight and height of children, 0-10 years old (0-120 months): Philippines, 2005-2013
Age Group Height (cm) Weight (kg)
2005 2008 2011 2013 2005 2008 2011 2013
0-60m (0-5.0y)
0-5m 59.0 59.4 58.8 59.2 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.7
6-11m 69.0 69.5 69.4 69.5 7.7 7.9 7.9 8.0
12-23m (1.0-1.99y) 77.6 77.6 77.1 77.7 9.5 9.6 9.5 9.7
24-35m (2.0-2.99y) 85.3 85.5 85.7 85.9 11.5 11.5 11.6 11.6
36-47m (3.0-3.99y) 92.5 92.5 92.7 93.2 13.2 13.1 13.3 13.4
48-60m (4.0-5.0y) 99.1 99.3 99.3 100.1 14.7 14.9 14.8 15.2
61-120m (5.08-10.0y)
61-71m (5.08-5.99y) 104.9 105.3 105.5 105.9 16.3 16.5 16.5 16.7
72-83m (6.0-6.99y) 110.6 110.4 110.9 111.4 18.1 18.0 18.2 18.7
84-95m (7.0-7.99y) 115.6 115.5 115.9 116.4 20.0 19.9 20.1 20.5
97-107m (8.0-8.99y) 120.3 120.5 121.1 121.4 21.8 22.0 22.3 22.6
108-120m (9.0-10.0y) 125.7 126.2 125.8 126.4 24.6 24.7 24.8 25.1
42
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Disaggregated by age group, underweight prevalence was highest among older children 9-10
years old (32.4%), and stunting peaked at age 2-3 years old (35.7% and 35.4%, respectively). On the
other hand, wasting was highest among children aged 0-5 months and decreased thereafter but by age
six years old, wasting prevalence started to increase. Overweight/obesity prevalence was highest at 0-
5 months (9.9%) and among children aged 6-10 years old.
Figure 28. Prevalence of malnutrition among children, 0-10 years old, by single age group: Philippines,
2013
43
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
3.4. Nutritional Status of Adolescent Children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months)
The mean weights and heights of children 10-19.0 years old continued to increase with age, as
expected. Due to earlier growth spurts, females have higher mean weights and heights than males
from age ten to thirteen years old. The males started to have higher mean weights and heights than
females at fourteen years of age (Table 35).
These changes reflected in the children’s weights and heights are mainly attributable to
differences in the onset and duration of growth and development among adolescent males and females
expressed during the period of puberty.
Similar to the younger age groups, children from the urban areas had higher mean weights
and heights than those from rural areas (Table 36 and Table 37).
Table 35. Mean weight and height of children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months), by age, and by
gender: Philippines, 2013
Age
(months)
Male Female Both Gender
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
10.08-10.99 y
(121-131m) 27.5 (0.18) 130.7 (0.20) 28.5 (0.19) 132.9 (0.21) 28.0 (0.14) 131.8 (0.15)
11.00-11.99 y
(132-143 m) 30.4 (0.19) 135.3 (0.20) 31.9 (0.20) 138.2 (0.21) 31.1 (0.14) 136.7 (0.15)
12.00-12.99 y
(144-155 m) 33.9 (0.21) 141.1 (0.21) 36.1 (0.19) 144.0 (0.18) 35.0 (0.15) 142.6 (0.15)
13.00-13.99 y
(156-167 m) 38.3 (0.22) 147.7 (0.22) 39.6 (0.18) 147.7 (0.15) 39.0 (0.15) 147.7 (0.14)
14.00-14.99 y
(168-179 m) 43.3 (0.25) 154.4 (0.23) 42.8 (0.19) 150.0 (0.16) 43.1 (0.16) 152.3 (0.15)
15.00-15.99 y
(180-191 m) 47.4 (0.23) 158.9 (0.20) 44.5 (0.17) 151.3 (0.14) 46.0 (0.15) 155.1 (0.14)
16.00-16.99 y
(192-203 m) 50.2 (0.24) 161.2 (0.18) 45.8 (0.21) 151.7 (0.16) 48.1 (0.17) 156.7 (0.15)
17.00-17.99 y
(204-215 m) 52.7 (0.26) 162.6 (0.19) 47.1 (0.24) 152.6 (0.18) 50.1 (0.19) 158.0 (0.17)
18.00-19.00 y
(2016-228 m) 54.2 (0.27) 163.1 (0.19) 47.8 (0.27) 152.5 (0.19) 51.3 (0.20) 158.2 (0.18)
All 41.1 (0.12) 149.6 (0.13) 39.7 (0.09) 146.2 (0.09) 40.4 (0.08) 148.0 (0.09)
44
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Table 36. Mean weight and height of children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months), by age, and by
gender: Philippines, Urban, 2013
Age (months)
Male Female Both Gender
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
10.08-10.99 y
(121-131m) 29.0 (0.34) 132.3 (0.32) 30.3 (0.35) 134.7 (0.34) 29.7 (0.25) 133.5 (0.25)
11.00-11.99 y
(132-143 m) 32.0 (0.34) 137.0 (0.31) 33.2 (0.35) 139.6 (0.34) 32.6 (0.25) 138.2 (0.24)
12.00-12.99 y
(144-155 m) 35.8 (0.38) 143.1 (0.34) 37.6 (0.33) 145.5 (0.27) 36.7 (0.25) 144.3 (0.22)
13.00-13.99 y
(156-167 m) 40.3 (0.40) 150.0 (0.36) 40.7 (0.31) 149.0 (0.22) 40.5 (0.26) 149.5 (0.21)
14.00-14.99 y
(168-179 m) 45.0 (0.45) 156.2 (0.34) 43.4 (0.33) 150.6 (0.24) 44.2 (0.28) 153.4 (0.23)
15.00-15.99 y
(180-191 m) 48.9 (0.40) 160.0 (0.28) 45.0 (0.28) 152.1 (0.22) 46.9 (0.25) 156.0 (0.20)
16.00-15.99 y
(192-203 m) 51.7 (0.41) 162.7 (0.26) 46.4 (0.35) 152.1 (0.23) 49.1 (0.27) 157.6 (0.23)
17.00-17.99 y
(204-215 m) 53.8 (0.46) 163.7 (0.28) 47.8 (0.38) 153.0 (0.23) 50.8 (0.32) 158.2 (0.24)
18.00-19.00 y
(2016-228 m) 55.1 (0.45) 163.3 (0.28) 48.6 (0.42) 153.0 (0.28) 51.9 (0.32) 158.3 (0.26)
All 42.9 (0.19) 151.4 (0.19) 41.1 (0.15) 147.6 (0.13) 42.0 (0.13) 149.5 (0.13)
Table 37. Mean weight and height of children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months), by age, and by
gender: Philippines, Rural, 2013
Age (months)
Male Female Both Gender
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg)
Mean (+SE)
Height (cm)
10.08-10.99 y
(121-131m) 26.6 (0.20) 129.8 (0.24) 27.3 (0.20) 131.6 (0.26) 26.9 (0.15) 130.7 (0.18)
11.00-11.99 y
(132-143 m) 29.2 (0.23) 134.2 (0.25) 31.1 (0.22) 137.3 (0.26) 30.2 (0.17) 135.8 (0.19)
12.00-12.99 y
(144-155 m) 32.6 (0.24) 139.8 (0.27) 35.1 (0.23) 143.0 (0.25) 33.8 (0.17) 141.4 (0.19)
13.00-13.99 y
(156-167 m) 36.9 (0.26) 146.2 (0.29) 38.9 (0.23) 146.8 (0.20) 37.9 (0.18) 146.5 (0.18)
14.00-14.99 y
(168-179 m) 42.2 (0.28) 153.2 (0.29) 42.4 (0.23) 149.7 (0.21) 42.3 (0.19) 151.5 (0.20)
15.00-15.99 y
(180-191 m) 46.4 (0.28) 158.1 (0.27) 44.1 (0.21) 150.7 (0.18) 45.2 (0.18) 154.4 (0.19)
16.00-15.99 y
(192-203 m) 49.1 (0.29) 160.2 (0.24) 45.4 (0.26) 151.4 (0.21) 47.4 (0.20) 156.1 (0.19)
17.00-17.99 y
(204-215 m) 51.9 (0.29) 161.9 (0.25) 46.4 (0.30) 152.2 (0.28) 49.6 (0.23) 157.8 (0.23)
18.00-19.00 y
(2016-228 m) 53.5 (0.32) 162.8 (0.25) 47.0 (0.33) 152.1 (0.27) 50.7 (0.25) 158.1 (0.24)
All 39.8 (0.15) 148.3 (0.18) 38.7 (0.12) 145.2 (0.12) 39.3 (0.10) 146.8 (0.12)
45
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
For adolescent children 10.08-19.0 years old, stunting was still of high public health
significance among one third of the population despite a significant decline from 35.7 percent in 2011
to 31.6 percent in 2013 (Figure 29). Wasting/thinness, at 12.4 percent, persists to be a problem of
serious public health significance. Overweight/ obesity prevalence continued to increase and is now at
8.3 percent (Table 39 and Figure 35).
Table 38. Percentage distribution of children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months), by height-for-age
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference, and by gender, age
group, and region: Philippines, 2013 (n=28,462)
Disaggregation/ Variable
Height-for-age (%)
Mean
z-scores
Median
z-scores
Severely
Stunted
Moderately
Stunted/ Stunted* Normal Tall
<-3SD <-2SD to
-3SD <-2SD
-2SD to
+2SD >+2SD
Philippines 6.9 24.6 31.6 68.2 0.2 -1.52 -1.54
Gender/Age Group
10.08-12.99 y (121-155 m) 8.3 24.0 32.3 67.2 0.5 -1.44 -1.49
13.0-15.99 y (156-191 m) 6.7 23.1 29.9 70.1 0.1 -1.51 -1.49
16.0-19.0 y (192-228 m) 5.4 27.5 32.9 67.1 0.03 -1.64 -1.65
Male 8.3 25.7 34.0 65.7 0.3 -1.55 -1.59
10.08-12.99 y (121-155 m) 8.6 25.9 34.6 64.6 0.83 -1.48 -1.58
13.0-15.99 y (156-191 m) 9.4 22.7 32.1 67.9 0.01 -1.50 -1.44
16.0-19.0 y (192-228 m) 6.4 29.3 35.7 64.3 - -1.71 -1.72
Female 5.6 23.5 29.1 70.8 0.1 -1.49 -1.50
10.08-12.99 y (121-155 m) 8.0 22.0 30.0 69.8 0.2 -1.40 -1.72
13.0-15.99 y (156-191 m) 4.0 23.6 27.6 72.3 0.10 -1.52o -1.39
16.0-19.0 y (192-228 m) 4.3 25.5 29.9 70.1 0.06 -1.56 -1.52
Region
NCR 3.8 18.9 22.7 76.8 0.5 -1.74 -1.27
CAR 6.5 23.5 30.0 70.0 - -1.24 -1.47
I . Ilocos 4.2 21.8 26.0 73.8 0.2 -1.36 -1.37
II. Cagayan Valley 5.2 19.6 24.8 75.0 0.2 -1.38 -1.39
III. Central Luzon 4.1 18.2 22.3 77.3 0.4 -1.25 -1.25
IV-A. CALABARZON 5.4 21.7 27.1 72.6 0.3 -1.40 -1.43
IV-B. MIMAROPA 8.7 27.4 36.1 63.9 - -1.66 -1.66
V. Bicol 8.2 29.8 38.0 61.8 0.2 -1.69 -1.71
VI. Western Visayas 8.3 26.4 34.7 65.2 0.05 -1.64 -1.66
VII. Central Visayas 9.4 28.6 38.0 61.9 0.1 -1.70 -1.72
VIII. Eastern Visayas 9.5 31.2 40.7 59.2 0.06 -1.80 -1.81
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 10.3 31.3 41.5 58.4 0.09 -1.77 -1.80
X. Northern Mindanao 8.6 29.3 37.9 61.8 0.3 -1.68 -1.73
XI. Davao 9.2 25.2 34.4 65.6 - -1.67 -1.68
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 10.2 31.7 41.9 58.1 - -1.80 -1.81
ARMM 12.4 30.2 42.6 57.2 0.2 -1.46 -1.79
Caraga 9.2 29.9 39.1 60.9 - -1.82 -1.75
*Totals may not add up due to rounding
46
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Table 39. Percentage distribution of children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months) by BMI-for-age
classification, mean and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference, and by gender, age
group, and region: Philippines, 2013 (n=28,453)
Disaggregation/ Variable
BMI-for-age (%)
Mean
z-scores
Severely
Thin
Mode-
rately
Thin
Thin* Normal Over-
weight Obese
Over-
weight/
Obese*
<-3SD
<-2SD
to
-3SD
<-2SD -2SD to
+1SD
>+1SD
to +2SD >+2SD >+1SD
Philippines 2.8 9.6 12.4 79.3 5.9 2.4 8.3 -0.72
Gender/ Age Group
10.08-12.99 y (121-155 m) 3.4 10.9 14.3 75.4 6.8 3.4 10.3 -0.75
13.0-15.99 y (156-191 m) 3.1 9.3 12.4 80.6 5.1 1.9 7.0 -0.74
16.0-19.0 y (192-228 m) 1.6 8.4 10.0 82.6 5.5 1.8 7.4 -0.65
Male 3.5 11.5 15.1 76.3 5.6 3.0 8.6 -0.82
10.08-12.99 y (121-155 m) 3.9 11.8 15.7 72.9 6.8 4.6 11.4 -0.77
13.0-15.99 y (156-191 m) 4.1 11.7 15.8 76.8 5.0 2.4 7.4 -0.88
16.0-19.0 y (192-228 m) 2.4 10.9 13.4 79.9 4.9 1.9 6.8 -0.8
Female 2.1 7.6 9.7 82.4 6.1 1.8 7.9 -0.61
10.08-12.99 y (121-155 m) 3.0 10.0 13.0 77.9 6.9 2.3 9.1 -0.73
13.0-15.99 y (156-191 m) 2.2 6.8 9.0 84.3 5.2 1.4 6.6 -0.59
16.0-19.0 y (192-228 m) 0.7 5.7 6.4 85.6 6.3 1.7 8.0 -0.48
Region
NCR 3.1 9.6 12.7 72.5 9.5 5.2 14.7 -0.65
CAR 1.7 4.3 6.0 82.4 9.8 1.9 11.6 -0.50
I . Ilocos 2.4 10.4 12.8 78.6 5.7 2.9 8.6 -0.71
II. Cagayan Valley 2.2 8.8 11.0 81.3 5.4 2.3 7.8 -0.69
III. Central Luzon 3.5 10.9 14.4 74.8 7.4 3.4 10.8 -0.70
IV-A. CALABARZON 4.4 11.0 15.4 74.9 6.9 2.7 9.6 -0.77
IV-B. MIMAROPA 3.6 12.5 16.2 79.1 4.3 0.4 4.7 -0.95
V. Bicol 2.9 11.0 13.9 81.9 3.1 1.1 4.2 -0.91
VI. Western Visayas 2.8 11.8 14.6 79.9 4.2 1.3 5.5 -0.91
VII. Central Visayas 2.3 9.6 11.9 82.1 4.5 1.5 6.0 -0.76
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2.2 7.8 10.0 85.1 3.8 1.1 4.9 -0.75
IX. Zamboanga
Peninsula
1.3 7.6 8.9 86.2 3.5 1.3 4.8 -0.71
X. Northern Mindanao 1.3 5.5 6.8 86.2 4.9 2.1 7.1 -0.60
XI. Davao 1.4 7.8 9.2 83.7 5.6 1.5 7.1 -0.64
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 2.2 7.3 9.6 84.8 4.0 1.7 5.7 -0.72
ARMM 2.4 9.4 11.8 83.0 4.0 1.3 5.3 -0.32
Caraga 2.4 6.6 9.0 84.2 5.3 1.5 6.8 -0.76
* Totals may not add up due to rounding
As shown in Figures 29-30 and 44, and Table 40, stunting trends continued to decline but
remained to be high in prevalence and a public health problem; with higher rates among males
(34.0%), the poorest quintile (47.6%), and those from rural areas (36.7%). Stunting prevalence
decreased as wealth quintile increased; this scenario was seen for both urban and rural areas.
47
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 29. Prevalence of stunting among children 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228 months), by age group
and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, and 2013
Figure 30. Prevalence of stunting among children 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228 months),
by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013
ALL
MALE FEMALE
48
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Table 40. Percentage distribution of children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months) by height-for-age
classification, mean and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference, and by place of
residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 (n=28,462)
Residence/ Wealth Quintile
Height-for-Age (%)
Mean z-scores
Median z-scores
Severely Stunted
Moderately Stunted/
Stunted* Normal Tall
<-3SD <-2SD to
-3SD <-2SD
-2SD to +2SD
>+2SD
Philippines 6.9 24.6 31.6 68.2 0.2 -1.52 -1.54
Poorest 13.7 33.9 47.6 52.3 0.1 -1.96 -1.96
Second 8.0 29.2 37.2 62.7 0.1 -1.69 -1.71
Middle 5.2 23.4 28.6 71.3 0.1 -1.48 -1.51
Fourth 3.7 18.6 22.3 77.5 0.2 -1.29 -1.29
Wealthiest 1.9 13.6 15.5 83.8 0.7 -0.99 -1.04
Urban 5.1 21.1 26.2 73.5 0.3 1.36 -1.37
Poorest 13.8 30.6 44.4 55.6 - -1.91 -1.86
Second 7.2 27.9 35.1 64.8 0.1 -1.62 -1.64
Middle 5.2 23.8 29.0 71.0 - -1.47 -1.51
Fourth 3.5 18.1 21.7 78.1 0.3 -1.28 -1.23
Wealthiest 1.9 13.7 15.7 83.5 0.9 -0.98 -1.04
Rural 8.7 28.0 36.7 63.2 0.1 -1.67 -1.69
Poorest 13.7 34.7 48.4 51.5 0.1 -1.97 -1.97
Second 8.4 30.0 38.4 61.5 0.04 -1.73 -1.74
Middle 5.2 23.0 28.2 71.6 0.3 -1.50 -1.51
Fourth 4.0 19.6 23.5 76.4 0.1 -1.30 -1.32
Wealthiest 1.7 13.1 14.8 85.1 0.1 -1.00 -1.07
*Totals may not add up due to rounding
At the regional level, ARMM (42.6%), SOCCSKSARGEN (41.9%), and Zamboanga
Peninsula (41.5%) had the highest prevalence of stunting (Table 38 and Figure 31). Among the
provinces of ARMM, Maguindanao and Lanao del Sur were recorded to have the highest prevalence
rate of 48.8 percent and 48.3 percent, respectively (Appendix 18). Regions with better height-for-age
indices (HFA) were Central Luzon, NCR and Cagayan Valley (77.3%, 76.8% and 75.0% respectively
with normal HFA) (Table 38).
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 31. Prevalence of stunting among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228 months), by
region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
49
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Wasting/thinness had similar patterns as stunting, with higher rates among males (15.1%),
was slightly higher in urban (13%) vs rural (12%) areas, and affecting 13.2 percent of the poorest
quintile, 16.2 percent of those from MIMAROPA, 15.4 percent of those from CALABARZON, and
14.6 percent of Western Visayan adolescents (Figures 32-34, and Tables 39 and 41).
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 32. Prevalence of wasting among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228 months), using BMI-for-
age by age group and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
Figure 33. Prevalence of wasting among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228 months),
using BMI-for-age by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines,
2013
ALL
MALE FEMALE
50
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Table 41. Percentage distribution of children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months) by BMI-for-age
classification, mean and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference, and by place of
residence, wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 (n=28,453)
Residence/
Wealth
Quintile
BMI-for-Age (%)
Mean
z-scores
Severely
Thin
Moderately
Thin
Thin* Normal Over-
weight Obese
Over-
weight/
Obese
<-3SD <-2SD to
-3SD <-2SD
-2SD to
+1SD
>+1SD
to +2SD
>+2SD
to
+1SD
>+1SD
Philippines 2.8 9.6 12.4 79.3 5.9 2.4 8.2 -0.72
Poorest 2.6 10.6 13.2 83.8 2.4 0.6 3.0 -0.92
Second 2.8 10.0 12.8 82.7 3.5 0.9 4.4 -0.87
Middle 3.3 10.4 13.7 79.8 4.9 1.5 6.5 -0.81
Fourth 3.0 9.6 12.6 76.4 7.3 3.6 10.9 -0.62
Wealthiest 2.4 6.6 9.0 71.0 13.2 6.8 20.0 -0.22
Urban 3.2 9.8 13.0 75.7 7.6 3.7 11.3 -0.63
Poorest 2.4 12.5 14.9 81.1 3.2 0.8 4.0 -0.94
Second 3.2 10.2 13.4 81.4 3.8 1.4 5.2 -0.87
Middle 4.2 11.5 15.7 77.2 5.2 1.9 7.0 -0.86
Fourth 3.1 10.3 13.4 75.1 7.5 4.1 11.5 -0.60
Wealthiest 2.6 6.7 9.3 69.9 13.7 7.1 20.8 -0.20
Rural 2.5 9.4 12.0 82.6 4.2 1.3 5.5 -0.80
Poorest 2.6 10.1 12.7 84.5 2.2 0.6 2.8 -0.91
Second 2.6 9.9 12.5 83.5 3.4 0.6 4.0 -0.87
Middle 2.3 9.2 11.6 82.6 4.7 1.2 5.9 -0.77
Fourth 2.8 8.3 11.1 79.1 7.0 2.8 9.8 -0.65
Wealthiest 1.8 6.0 7.8 75.1 11.4 5.7 17.1 -0.27
*Totals may not add up due to rounding
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 34. Prevalence of wasting among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228 months), using
BMI-for-age by region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
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The rate of overweight/obese among adolescents was at 8.2 percent that is attributed mostly
by pre-adolescent males and females, ten to twelve years of age. The highest rate of overweight/obese
however, was among males, 10-12 years old (Figure 35). These rates were also higher among those
from urban areas (11.3%) and the wealthiest quintile (20.8%). Among the regions, NCR (14.7%),
CAR (11.6%), and Central Luzon (10.8%) had the highest rates of overweight/obesity (Figures 36-37
and Table 39).
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 35. Prevalence of overweight/obese among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228 months), using
BMI-for-age by age group and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
Figure 36. Prevalence of overweight/obese among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228 months), using
BMI-for-age by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013
ALL
MALE FEMALE
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*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 37. Prevalence of overweight/obese among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228 months),
using BMI-for-age by region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
Like the younger age groups, a decreasing trend was observed in the stunting prevalence
among adolescent children and an increasing trend for wasting and overweight/obese prevalence with
annual averages of 0.71, 0.17 and 0.34 percentage points, respectively (Figure 38).
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 38. Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among pre-adolescent and
adolescent, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228 months): Philippines, 2003-2013
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3.5. Nutritional Status of Adults, 20.0 year-old and over
Among the adult population, overnutrition was a more prominent problem than
undernutrition. Prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED), which is indicative of undernutrition
among adults, was lower than overweight and obese rates, and has been declining since 1993 (Figure
44). However, the CED prevalence remained to be medium in terms of its severity and magnitude
and considered to be a problem of public significance. On the other hand, the prevalence of
overweight and obese adults is increasing and is now thrice the rate of those adults with CED. Thus, 1
out of 10 Filipino adults are undernourished while 3 out of 10 are overweight and obese (Figures 39
and 40).
For adults, 18.0 to 19.99 years old, 15.1 percent where chronic energy deficient and it was
common among males (15.9%) than in females (14.3%); while 9.2 percent of the said population were
overweight/obese and it was seen more among females than males at 10.4 percent and 8.2 percent,
respectively (Appendix 23).
Figure 39. Prevalence of CED among adults, 20.0 years old and over, using WHO-BMI classification
by age group and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
ALL
MALE FEMALE
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*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 40. Prevalence of overweight/obese among adults, 20.0 years old and over, using WHO
BMI classification by age group and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
ALL
MALE FEMALE
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Table 42. Mean BMI and percentage distribution of BMI among adults, 20.0 years old and over, by
gender, age group, and region using WHO BMI Classification: Philippines, 2013 (n=69,505)
Disaggregation/ Variable n Mean BMI
95% CI
BMI (%)
Chronic Energy
Deficient Normal
Over- weight
Obese Over-
Weight/Obese*
LL UL <18.5 18.5 to <25.0
25.0 to <30.0
>30.0 >25.0
Philippines 69,505 23.4 23.3 23.4 10.0 58.9 24.3 6.8 31.1
Gender/Age Group
20.0-29.99 y 13,203 22.3 22.2 22.4 13.1 66.5 15.5 4.8 20.3
30.0-39.99 y 12,415 23.9 23.8 23.9 6.4 59.1 26.7 7.9 34.6
40.0-49.99 y 15,998 24.2 24.1 24.2 6.4 55.1 30.0 8.5 38.5
50.0-59.99 y 14,182 23.9 23.8 24.0 8.7 54.7 28.7 7.8 36.5
60.0-69.99 y 8,452 23.0 22.9 23.1 13.6 56.4 24.3 5.7 30.0
>70.0 y 5,255 21.7 21.5 21.8 23.5 56.3 16.9 3.3 20.2
Male 33,130 23.0 23.0 23.1 9.4 63.0 22.4 5.2 27.6
20.0-29.99 y 7,304 22.4 22.3 22.5 10.8 68.1 16.7 4.4 21.1
30.0-39.99 y 5,914 23.5 23.4 23.6 6.4 62.7 25.0 5.9 30.9
40.0-49.99 y 7,419 23.7 23.6 23.8 6.2 60.2 27.0 6.5 33.5
50.0-59.99 y 6,538 23.3 23.2 23.4 9.2 61.0 24.3 5.5 29.8
60.0-69.99 y 3,800 22.5 22.3 22.6 14.2 60.6 21.4 3.8 25.2
>70.0 y 2,155 21.3 21.1 21.5 23.7 60.2 14.6 1.5 16.1
Female 36,375 23.7 23.6 23.7 10.5 55.0 26.1 8.3 34.4
20.0-29.99 y 5,899 22.2 22.0 22.3 15.7 64.8 14.2 5.3 19.5
30.0-39.99 y 6,501 24.2 24.1 24.3 6.3 55.6 28.2 9.8 38.0
40.0-49.99 y 8,579 24.6 24.5 24.7 6.5 50.6 32.6 10.2 42.8
50.0-59.99 y 7,644 24.4 24.3 24.5 8.4 49.3 32.5 9.9 42.4
60.0-69.99 y 4,652 23.4 23.3 23.6 13.0 52.9 26.7 7.3 34.0
>70.0 y 3,100 21.9 21.8 22.1 23.4 53.5 18.5 4.5 23.0
Region
NCR 6,809 24.3 24.1 24.4 7.8 52.3 29.8 10.1 39.9
CAR 2,596 23.9 23.6 24.1 5.8 59.7 27.0 7.5 34.5
I . Ilocos 4,755 22.9 22.7 23.0 12.2 60.5 22.9 4.4 27.3
II. Cagayan Valley 3,689 22.7 22.5 22.8 12.0 62.8 21.0 4.1 25.1
III. Central Luzon 6,239 23.5 23.3 23.6 10.1 57.3 25.4 7.1 32.6
IV-A. CALABARZON 6,942 23.6 23.4 23.7 9.8 57.0 25.7 7.5 33.2
IV-B. MIMAROPA 2,912 22.6 22.4 22.9 12.6 62.7 19.9 4.8 24.7
V. Bicol 4,087 22.8 22.6 22.9 11.8 63.5 19.5 5.2 24.7
VI. Western Visayas 4,885 22.4 22.2 22.5 13.9 63.2 18.8 4.0 22.9
VII. Central Visayas 4,942 23.3 23.1 23.5 10.3 59.6 23.3 6.8 30.1
VIII. Eastern Visayas 3,758 23.5 23.4 23.7 7.7 59.3 25.9 7.0 32.9
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula
2,777 22.9 22.7 23.1 9.5 64.6 19.9 6.0 25.9
X. Northern Mindanao 3,480 23.7 23.5 24.0 7.6 58.5 25.2 8.7 33.9 XI. Davao 3,321 23.6 23.4 23.8 7.4 59.7 25.4 7.4 32.8 XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 3,480 23.0 22.8 23.2 10.1 62.7 22.0 5.3 27.2
ARMM 1,873 22.5 22.2 22.8 13.0 63.8 18.9 4.3 23.2
Caraga 2,960 23.8 23.6 24.0 7.7 57.4 27.7 7.3 34.9
* Totals may not add up due to rounding
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The double burden of both CED and overweight/obese was also observed among this age
group but overnutrition was higher among urban residents compared to their rural counterparts. As
expected, an inverse relationship was seen between wealth quintile and CED rates while a positive,
direct relationship between wealth quintile and overweight and obese rates was observed (Table 43
and Figure 41). Adults from Western Visayas (13.9%), ARMM (13.0%) and MIMAROPA (12.6%)
had the highest rates for CED; while adults from NCR (39.9%), Caraga (34.9%) and CAR (34.5%)
showed the highest rates for overweight and obesity (Figures 42 and 43).
Table 43. Mean BMI and percentage distribution of BMI among adults, 20.0 year-old and over, by place
of residence, and wealth quintile using WHO BMI Classification: Philippines, 2013 (n=68,877)
Residence/
Wealth
Quintile
n Mean
BMI
95% CI
BMI (%)
CED Normal Over-
weight Obese
Over-
weight/
Obese*
LL UL <18.5 18.5 to <25.0 25.0 to
<30.0 >30.0 >25.0
Philippines 68,877 23.4 23.3 23.4 10.0 58.9 24.3 6.8 31.1
Poorest 14,170 21.8 21.8 21.9 15.1 67.7 14.0 3.2 17.2
Second 14,512 22.6 22.6 22.7 12.2 62.7 20.3 4.7 25.0
Middle 14,208 23.2 23.2 23.3 10.4 59.8 23.5 6.2 29.7
Fourth 13,116 23.9 23.8 24.0 8.0 55.5 28.2 8.2 36.4
Wealthiest 12,871 24.8 24.7 24.9 5.2 50.6 33.3 10.9 44.2
Urban 31,015 23.9 23.8 23.9 8.8 55.1 27.6 8.5 36.1
Poorest 2,687 22.4 22.2 22.7 15.2 61.4 17.9 5.5 23.4
Second 4,573 22.9 22.7 23.0 12.6 59.3 22.0 6.1 28.1
Middle 6,112 23.4 23.2 23.5 10.5 58.5 24.0 6.9 30.9
Fourth 8,043 24.0 23.8 24.1 8.1 54.8 28.7 8.4 37.1
Wealthiest 9,600 24.8 24.7 24.9 5.4 50.3 33.1 11.2 44.3
Rural 37,862 22.8 22.7 22.9 11.3 62.9 20.8 5.0 25.8
Poorest 11,483 21.7 21.6 21.8 15.1 69.3 12.9 2.6 15.5
Second 9,939 22.5 22.4 22.6 12.1 64.7 19.4 3.9 23.3
Middle 8,096 23.1 23.0 23.2 10.3 61.1 23.0 5.6 28.6
Fourth 5,073 23.8 23.7 24.0 7.9 57.0 27.2 7.8 35.0
Wealthiest 3,271 24.7 24.6 24.9 4.4 51.6 34.0 9.9 43.9
*Totals may not add up due to rounding
Figure 41. Prevalence of CED and Overweight/Obese among, adults 20.0 years old and over, based on
WHO BMI classification, by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013
CED OVERWEIGHT/OBESE
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*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 42. Prevalence of CED among adults, 20.0 years old and over, based on WHO BMI
classification, and by region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 43. Prevalence of overweight/obese among, adults 20.0 years old and over, based on
WHO BMI classification, by region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
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Figure 44 shows the trend of malnutrition among adults; CED prevalence among adults
decreased overtime; however, overweight/obese prevalence continued to increase since 1993 at an
annual average of 0.73 percentage points.
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 44. Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among, adults, 20.0 year-old
and over: Philippines, 1993-2013
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MALE
FEMALE
3.5.1. Obesity among Adults, 20.0 year-old and over
There are two ways to classify obesity, one is through Body Mass Index (BMI) which was
discussed earlier and second is through Waist Circumference (WC) and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR). The
latter is used to measure android obesity or accumulation of fat in the abdominal area. WC and WHR
are more associated with Metabolic Diseases like diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. As waist
circumference and waist-hip ratio increase, the risk for metabolic complications also increase (will be
discussed in the Clinical and Health Survey Component).
Obesity based on waist circumference and waist-hip ratio was also rising and was particularly
high among females, and those among 40 to 69 years old, that peaked at age 50 to 59 years old
(Figure 45 and Figure 46). The average waist circumference for males was 80.4 cm while for females,
it was 79.3 cm (Table 44) while mean waist-hip ratio for males was 0.90 cm and 0.87 cm for females
(Table 45).
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 45. Prevalence of high WC among adults, 20.0 years old and over, based on
WHO classification, by age group and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011,
2013
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MALE
FEMALE
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 46. Prevalence of high WHR among adults, 20.0 years old and over, based on
WHO classification, by age group and gender: Philippines, 2008, 2011, 2013
Among the regions, NCR had the highest mean waist circumference particularly among males
(83.7 cm) while females in NCR had a mean WC of 81.3 cm, it was followed by Central Luzon (male:
82.1 cm; female: 81.1 cm) and CALABARZON (male: 82.1 cm; female: 80.2 cm) (Figure 47).
Mean waist-hip ratio were not so different among the regions ranging from 0.87 cm to 0.92
cm for adult male and 0.85 cm to 0.89 cm for adult female (Table 45). As shown in Figure 48, NCR,
Central Luzon and CALABARZON still had the highest mean WHR for both male and female.
Close to two-thirds of the female adult population also had high waist to hip ratio (WHR)
which is suggestive of android obesity. Those with high WHR increased from 39.5 percent in 1998, to
54.8 percent in 2003, peaked at 65.5 percent in 2008, slightly declined to 62.5 percent in 2011 and
increased again to 63.2 percent in 2013. Males with high WHR have increased from 6.9 percent in
2011 to 8.0 percent in 2013 (Figure 49). Central obesity is a major risk factor in the development of
non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in
the country.
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Figure 47. Mean waist circumference among adults, 20.0 years old and over, by gender
and region: Philippines, 2013
Figure 48. Mean waist-hip ratio among adults, 20.0 years old and over, by gender and
region: Philippines, 2013
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Waist Circumference Waist-Hip Ratio
Figure 49. Trends in the prevalence of high WC and WHR among adults, 20.0 year-old and over by
gender: Philippines, 1998-2013
Table 44. Mean waist circumference (WC) and percentage distribution of WC among adults, 20.0 year-
old and over, by gender and age group: Philippines, 2013 (n=69, 375)
Disaggregation/
Variable n
Mean
WC
95% CI
Distribution by various levels* of WC
<90.0/80.0 90-101/
80-87 ≥102/88
LL UL % SE % SE % SE
Male 33, 080 80.4 80.2 80.6 80.1 0.28 16.1 0.25 3.8 0.13
20-29y 7,291 76.6 76.3 76.9 89.0 0.44 8.8 0.38 2.2 0.21
30-39y 5,905 80.6 80.3 80.9 81.4 0.57 15.4 0.53 3.3 0.26
40-49y 7,410 82.6 82.3 82.8 74.6 0.58 20.7 0.52 4.7 0.29
50-59y 6,535 82.9 82.6 83.2 73.8 0.62 20.6 0.57 5.5 0.32
60-69y 3,793 81.7 81.3 82.1 75.7 0.78 19.8 0.71 4.5 0.37
70 & over 2,146 79.7 79.2 80.2 80.0 0.96 16.4 0.86 3.6 0.45
Female 36, 295 79.3 79.2 79.5 54.0 0.33 22.9 0.25 23.1 0.27
20-29y 5,880 74.1 73.8 74.4 75.5 0.61 14.0 0.49 10.5 0.44
30-39y 6,484 79.8 79.5 80.1 53.2 0.68 24.5 0.59 22.4 0.57
40-49y 8,564 81.0 80.7 81.2 47.2 0.60 27.3 0.52 25.5 0.51
50-59y 7,636 82.4 82.1 82.7 40.9 0.62 27.1 0.54 32.0 0.59
60-69y 4,640 81.1 80.7 81.5 46.8 0.81 23.3 0.65 29.9 0.72
70 & over 3,091 79.3 78.8 79.8 52.8 0.99 20.8 0.81 26.4 0.89
ALL 69, 375 79.8 79.7 80.0 66.5 0.25 19.6 0.18 13.8 0.16
*WHO Classification
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Table 45. Mean waist-hip ratio (WHR) and percentage distribution of WHR among adults, 20.0 year-old
and over, by gender and age group: Philippines, 2013 (n=69,126)
Disaggregation/
Variable n
Mean
WHR
95% CI
Distribution by various levels of WHR
<0.90/0.80 0.90-0.99/
0.80-0.84 ≥1.00/≥0.85
LL UL % SE % SE % SE
Male 32, 942 0.90 0.90 0.90 50.8 0.37 41.2 0.34 8.0 0.18
20-29y 7,257 0.87 0.87 0.87 70.9 0.64 26.1 0.61 3.0 0.24
30-39y 5,882 0.90 0.90 0.90 52.6 0.77 41.4 0.74 6.0 0.35
40-49y 7,376 0.91 0.91 0.92 41.6 0.67 49.1 0.66 9.3 0.40
50-59y 6,504 0.92 0.92 0.92 37.2 0.64 50.2 0.67 12.7 0.46
60-69y 3,781 0.92 0.92 0.92 37.7 0.89 48.6 0.89 13.7 0.62
70 & over 2,142 0.91 0.91 0.92 44.4 0.12 42.4 1.13 13.2 0.82
Female 36, 184 0.87 0.87 0.88 14.8 0.25 22.0 0.25 63.2 0.35
20-29y 5,870 0.85 0.84 0.85 26.1 0.67 28.4 0.61 45.5 0.76
30-39y 6,470 0.87 0.87 0.88 12.8 0.46 22.6 0.56 64.6 0.65
40-49y 8,540 0.88 0.88 0.88 10.6 0.36 21.1 0.46 68.3 0.56
50-59y 7,609 0.89 0.89 0.89 9.8 0.36 18.3 0.47 71.9 0.57
60-69y 4,621 0.89 0.89 0.89 12.2 0.50 17.9 0.59 69.9 0.73
70 & over 3,074 0.89 0.89 0.90 16.3 0.73 16.8 0.71 66.9 0.91
ALL 69,126 0.89 0.89 0.89 32.1 0.26 31.2 0.20 36.8 0.24
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Table 46. Mean waist circumference (WC) and percentage distribution of WC among adult males, 20.0
year-old and over, by place of residence, wealth quintile, and region: Philippines, 2013
(n=32,761)
Disaggregation/ Variable n Mean
WC
95% CI Distribution by various levels of WC
<90.0 90-101 ≥102
LL UL % SE % SE % SE
Philippines 32,761 80.4 80.2 80.6 80.1 0.28 16.1 0.25 3.8 0.13
Residence/Wealth Quintile
Poorest 7,299 74.9 74.6 75.1 94.0 0.32 5.0 0.28 1.0 0.14
Second 7,113 77.6 77.3 77.9 88.2 0.42 10.2 0.38 1.6 0.17
Middle 6,784 80.0 79.7 80.3 82.4 0.54 14.7 0.49 2.9 0.25
Fourth 5,959 82.8 82.5 83.2 73.8 0.63 21.5 0.59 4.7 0.29
Wealthiest 5,606 86.4 86.1 86.8 62.3 0.79 29.0 0.72 8.7 0.44
Urban 14,116 82.5 82.2 82.7 74.3 0.47 20.5 0.41 5.2 0.22
Poorest 1,343 76.6 75.9 77.2 89.6 1.05 8.5 0.86 1.8 0.51
Second 2,151 78.4 77.8 79.0 84.9 0.86 12.5 0.75 2.6 0.40
Middle 2,868 80.5 80.0 81.0 81.2 0.85 15.4 0.78 3.4 0.40
Fourth 3,641 83.0 82.6 83.4 73.2 0.82 22.1 0.76 4.7 0.35
Wealthiest 4,113 86.6 86.2 87.1 62.0 0.94 29.1 0.85 8.9 0.52
Rural 18,645 78.3 78.1 78.5 86.0 0.31 11.7 0.28 2.4 0.13
Poorest 5,956 74.5 74.2 74.7 95.1 0.29 4.2 0.28 0.8 0.11
Second 4,962 77.2 76.8 77.5 89.9 0.46 8.9 0.44 1.1 0.15
Middle 3,916 79.5 79.1 79.9 83.6 0.67 14.0 0.61 2.4 0.30
Fourth 2,318 82.5 82.0 83.0 75.1 0.97 20.2 0.90 4.7 0.48
Wealthiest 1,493 85.9 85.2 86.6 63.6 1.37 28.6 1.24 7.9 0.72
Region
NCR 2,973 83.7 83.2 84.3 70.7 1.00 22.4 0.83 6.9 0.57
CAR 1,238 79.7 78.8 80.7 83.3 1.46 13.7 1.22 3.0 0.54
I . Ilocos 2,319 79.9 79.4 80.4 81.8 0.89 15.5 0.82 2.6 0.34
II. Cagayan Valley 1,825 78.5 77.8 79.2 85.9 1.07 11.9 0.94 2.1 0.33
III. Central Luzon 2,975 82.1 81.7 82.6 76.6 0.86 18.6 0.71 4.8 0.45
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,208 82.1 81.6 82.5 75.4 0.85 20.1 0.83 4.5 0.36
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,417 78.5 77.7 79.2 86.4 1.21 11.5 1.12 2.1 0.45
V. Bicol 1,970 78.8 78.2 79.4 84.7 1.09 12.2 0.95 3.0 0.41
VI. Western Visayas 2,409 77.1 76.6 77.7 87.9 0.70 10.4 0.66 1.7 0.27
VII. Central Visayas 2,274 79.7 79.1 80.3 81.6 1.06 15.5 1.00 2.9 0.43
VIII. Eastern Visayas 1,783 78.9 78.2 79.6 82.2 1.05 15.4 0.86 2.4 0.37
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,380 77.5 76.8 78.3 86.6 1.10 10.5 0.93 3.0 0.49
X. Northern Mindanao 1,672 80.4 79.5 81.3 79.8 1.42 15.7 1.19 4.5 0.52
XI. Davao 1,592 80.1 79.3 80.9 81.4 1.21 14.8 1.01 3.9 0.63
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,726 78.8 78.2 79.4 85.5 0.94 11.9 0.84 2.5 0.37
ARMM 926 76.2 75.4 76.9 91.2 0.91 7.6 0.85 1.2 0.40
Caraga 1,393 80.0 79.3 80.7 81.9 1.25 15.3 1.05 2.8 0.49
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Table 47. Mean waist circumference (WC) and percentage distribution of WC among adult females, 20.0
year-old and over, by place of residence, wealth quintile, and region: Philippines, 2013
(n=35,990)
Disaggregation/ Variable n Mean
WC
95% CI
Distribution by various levels of WC
<80 cm 80 to 87
cm >88 cm
LL UL % SE % SE % SE
Philippines 35,990 79.3 79.2 79.5 54.0 0.33 22.9 0.25 23.1 0.27
Residence/Wealth Quintile
Poorest 6,854 75.2 74.8 75.6 68.2 0.68 17.4 0.50 14.4 0.51
Second 7,373 77.4 77.1 77.7 58.9 0.67 21.5 0.52 19.6 0.54
Middle 7,400 78.9 78.6 79.3 54.9 0.67 22.1 0.51 23.0 0.61
Fourth 7,127 80.6 80.2 80.1 49.2 0.70 24.1 0.55 26.7 0.57
Wealthiest 7,236 81.8 81.5 82.1 44.3 0.69 27.2 0.57 28.5 0.58
Urban 16,823 80.6 80.4 80.8 49.6 0.47 24.0 0.36 26.4 0.41
Poorest 1,340 76.9 75.9 77.9 60.7 1.64 20.3 1.19 19.0 1.46
Second 2,409 78.7 78.1 79.3 55.2 1.23 21.6 0.90 23.2 1.08
Middle 3,231 79.3 78.8 79.8 54.0 1.04 21.2 0.77 24.8 0.99
Fourth 4,382 80.9 80.5 81.3 48.3 0.89 24.4 0.71 27.3 0.73
Wealthiest 5,461 81.9 81.6 82.3 44.3 0.80 26.5 0.65 29.2 0.67
Rural 19,167 77.9 77.6 78.1 59.1 0.47 21.7 0.33 19.2 0.34
Poorest 5,514 74.8 74.4 75.2 70.2 0.72 16.6 0.54 13.2 0.51
Second 4,964 76.7 76.3 77.1 61.1 0.78 21.5 0.63 17.5 0.58
Middle 4,169 78.6 78.2 79.0 55.7 0.87 23.1 0.69 21.2 0.71
Fourth 2,745 80.0 79.5 80.4 51.0 1.08 23.5 0.85 25.5 0.88
Wealthiest 1,775 81.6 81.0 82.1 44.1 1.34 30.2 1.14 25.7 0.12
Region
NCR 3,827 81.3 80.9 81.8 46.8 1.03 24.7 0.76 28.5 0.86
CAR 1,352 79.0 78.2 79.8 55.3 1.79 23.5 1.26 21.3 1.27
I . Ilocos 2,429 77.6 77.1 78.1 60.4 1.07 21.6 0.92 18.0 0.88
II. Cagayan Valley 1,854 76.8 76.0 77.5 64.2 1.45 20.7 0.93 15.0 1.02
III. Central Luzon 3,248 81.1 80.6 81.6 47.4 1.05 25.6 0.82 27.0 0.90
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,700 80.2 79.8 80.7 51.4 0.94 23.0 0.73 25.6 0.76
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,489 77.7 76.9 78.5 57.6 1.64 23.5 1.16 18.8 1.06
V. Bicol 2,109 78.5 77.9 79.1 58.2 1.25 20.1 0.96 21.7 1.01
VI. Western Visayas 2,474 75.9 75.4 76.5 65.3 1.08 19.7 0.91 15.0 0.80
VII. Central Visayas 2,664 78.5 78.0 79.1 56.5 1.19 22.6 0.93 20.8 0.92
VIII. Eastern Visayas 1,972 80.2 79.6 80.9 51.0 1.30 22.8 0.90 26.2 1.12
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,392 78.1 77.3 78.8 58.8 1.51 20.9 1.11 20.2 1.22
X. Northern Mindanao 1,805 79.6 78.9 80.4 52.5 1.55 23.8 1.07 23.7 1.23
XI. Davao 1,728 79.4 78.6 80.1 53.9 1.37 24.1 0.96 22.0 1.11
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,752 78.1 77.5 78.7 59.0 1.40 21.2 1.03 19.8 1.07
ARMM 937 77.3 76.3 78.4 60.6 2.26 20.0 1.66 19.4 1.50
Caraga 1,563 80.1 79.4 80.9 50.4 1.43 23.9 1.23 25.7 1.23
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Table 48. Mean waist-hip ratio (WHR) and percentage distribution of WHR among adult males, 20.0
year-old and over, by place of residence, wealth quintile, and region: Philippines, 2013
(n=32,624)
Disaggregation/ Variable n Mean
WHR
95% CI
Distribution by various
levels of WHR
<0.90 0.90-0.99 ≥1.00
LL UL % SE % SE % SE
Philippines 32,624 0.90 0.90 0.90 50.8 0.37 41.2 0.34 8.0 0.18
Residence/Wealth Quintile
Poorest 7,270 0.87 0.87 0.88 69.0 0.66 27.9 0.63 3.1 0.22
Second 7,082 0.89 0.89 0.89 58.5 0.69 36.3 0.66 5.2 0.29
Middle 6,749 0.90 0.90 0.90 50.7 0.71 41.9 0.67 7.4 0.35
Fourth 5,934 0.91 0.91 0.91 42.3 0.77 48.0 0.77 9.8 0.42
Wealthiest 5,589 0.93 0.93 0.93 34.0 0.79 51.5 0.78 14.6 0.52
Urban 14,060 0.91 0.91 0.91 43.8 0.54 45.9 0.52 10.3 0.31
Poorest 1,339 0.88 0.88 0.89 62.5 1.56 32.5 1.44 4.9 0.75
Second 2,145 0.89 0.89 0.90 55.3 1.25 38.2 1.20 6.5 0.61
Middle 2,847 0.90 0.90 0.91 48.3 1.07 43.6 0.99 8.1 0.56
Fourth 3,625 0.91 0.91 0.92 40.9 0.99 49.1 1.00 9.9 0.54
Wealthiest 4,104 0.93 0.93 0.93 33.2 0.90 51.6 0.91 15.1 0.61
Rural 18,564 0.89 0.89 0.89 57.8 0.48 36.4 0.44 5.7 0.19
Poorest 5,931 0.87 0.87 0.87 70.7 0.72 26.8 0.69 2.6 0.20
Second 4,937 0.89 0.88 0.89 60.1 0.82 35.3 0.77 4.5 0.31
Middle 3,902 0.90 0.90 0.90 53.0 0.96 40.3 0.91 6.7 0.45
Fourth 2,309 0.91 0.91 0.91 45.0 1.16 45.6 1.13 9.4 0.64
Wealthiest 1,485 0.92 0.92 0.93 36.7 1.57 50.8 1.52 12.4 0.88
Region
NCR 2,973 0.92 0.91 0.92 39.4 1.03 47.7 1.01 12.9 0.71
CAR 1,235 0.90 0.89 0.90 53.6 2.13 39.8 1.89 6.6 0.86
I . Ilocos 2,318 0.90 0.89 0.90 52.4 1.33 40.6 1.25 6.9 0.55
II. Cagayan Valley 1,823 0.89 0.88 0.89 57.3 1.66 38.2 1.47 4.5 0.49
III. Central Luzon 2,950 0.91 0.90 0.91 47.4 1.14 43.2 1.05 9.4 0.63
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,183 0.91 0.91 0.92 43.0 1.10 46.8 1.07 10.2 0.58
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,407 0.90 0.89 0.90 53.6 1.82 40.0 1.62 6.4 0.75
V. Bicol 1,956 0.89 0.89 0.90 57.9 1.42 35.6 1.24 6.5 0.61
VI. Western Visayas 2,405 0.89 0.88 0.89 59.9 1.15 36.0 1.05 4.1 0.39
VII. Central Visayas 2,269 0.90 0.89 0.90 53.5 1.36 39.2 1.19 7.4 0.60
VIII. Eastern Visayas 1,767 0.89 0.89 0.89 57.7 1.65 36.5 1.41 5.8 0.64
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,379 0.89 0.88 0.89 61.2 1.66 32.9 1.57 6.0 0.66
X. Northern Mindanao 1,670 0.90 0.90 0.91 50.3 1.79 41.2 1.72 8.5 0.72
XI. Davao 1,587 0.90 0.89 0.90 53.6 1.70 39.4 1.61 7.0 0.68
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,716 0.90 0.89 0.90 52.6 1.83 41.6 1.90 5.8 0.67
ARMM 922 0.88 0.87 0.88 66.6 2.12 30.8 2.00 2.6 0.62
Caraga 1,382 0.89 0.89 0.90 56.1 1.68 37.4 1.52 6.5 0.71
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Table 49. Mean waist-hip ratio and percentage distribution of WHR among adult females, 20.0 year-old
and over, by place of residence, wealth quintile, and region: Philippines, 2013 (n=35,879)
Disaggregation/ Variable n Mean
WHR
95% CI
Distribution by various
levels of WHR
<0.80 0.80-0.84 ≥0.85
LL UL % SE % SE % SE
Philippines 35,879 0.87 0.87 0.88 14.8 0.25 22.0 0.25 63.2 0.35
Residence/Wealth Quintile
Poorest 6,842 0.86 0.86 0.87 19.0 0.53 25.6 0.58 55.4 0.70
Second 7,341 0.87 0.87 0.87 16.3 0.49 22.8 0.55 60.9 0.67
Middle 7,377 0.87 0.87 0.88 15.7 0.53 21.8 0.53 62.5 0.70
Fourth 7,109 0.88 0.88 0.88 12.5 0.48 20.7 0.55 66.8 0.69
Wealthiest 7,210 0.88 0.88 0.88 12.2 0.51 20.3 0.52 67.4 0.65
Urban 19,114 0.88 0.88 0.88 13.4 0.36 20.5 0.36 66.1 0.50
Poorest 1,339 0.87 0.87 0.88 17.4 1.23 22.8 1.36 59.8 1.58
Second 2,396 0.88 0.87 0.88 14.6 0.83 21.7 0.96 63.7 1.22
Middle 3,222 0.88 0.87 0.88 15.3 0.81 20.7 0.82 64.0 1.08
Fourth 4,368 0.88 0.90 0.88 12.1 0.62 20.2 0.70 67.7 0.88
Wealthiest 5,440 0.88 0.90 0.88 12.3 0.59 19.7 0.59 67.9 0.75
Rural 16,765 0.87 0.87 0.87 16.5 0.34 23.8 0.34 59.7 0.47
Poorest 5,503 0.86 0.86 0.86 19.5 0.60 26.3 0.64 54.2 0.79
Second 4,945 0.87 0.87 0.87 17.3 0.62 23.4 0.65 59.3 0.79
Middle 4,155 0.87 0.87 0.87 16.0 0.67 22.9 0.69 61.0 0.89
Fourth 2,741 0.88 0.87 0.88 13.3 0.73 21.7 0.87 65.1 1.05
Wealthiest 1,770 0.88 0.87 0.88 11.9 0.94 22.9 1.11 65.3 1.35
Region
NCR 3,827 0.88 0.88 0.89 12.8 0.74 18.3 0.71 68.9 0.97
CAR 1,349 0.87 0.87 0.88 14.1 1.22 22.8 1.27 63.2 1.86
I . Ilocos 2,428 0.87 0.86 0.87 16.8 0.98 25.5 1.00 57.7 1.35
II. Cagayan Valley 1,851 0.86 0.85 0.86 18.4 1.23 30.1 1.24 51.5 1.80
III. Central Luzon 3,225 0.88 0.88 0.88 12.9 0.72 21.9 0.81 65.2 1.10
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,682 0.88 0.88 0.88 13.2 0.73 21.6 0.69 65.2 0.99
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,479 0.87 0.86 0.87 18.3 1.17 20.7 1.14 61.0 1.58
V. Bicol 2,098 0.87 0.87 0.88 15.0 0.90 22.5 0.89 62.4 1.25
VI. Western Visayas 2,470 0.86 0.85 0.86 21.6 1.12 25.8 0.97 52.6 1.27
VII. Central Visayas 2,659 0.87 0.87 0.88 15.8 0.97 22.9 0.91 61.3 1.32
VIII. Eastern Visayas 1,960 0.88 0.88 0.88 13.2 0.87 21.3 1.02 65.5 1.35
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,392 0.87 0.87 0.88 16.4 1.00 20.5 1.05 63.0 1.37
X. Northern Mindanao 1,803 0.88 0.88 0.89 14.0 1.07 19.7 1.22 66.3 1.72
XI. Davao 1,726 0.87 0.87 0.88 14.4 0.90 21.3 1.04 64.3 1.39
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,747 0.87 0.87 0.88 14.3 1.04 23.2 1.13 62.5 1.52
ARMM 935 0.87 0.87 0.88 17.8 1.52 21.4 1.24 60.8 1.76
Caraga 1,553 0.88 0.87 0.88 12.8 1.08 22.3 1.11 65.0 1.39
68
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Department of Science and Technology
3.6. Nutritional Status of Pregnant and Lactating Women
Although there has been a steady decrease in the proportion of nutritionally at-risk pregnant
women since 2005, almost one-fourth (24.8%) were still at risk of delivering low birth weight babies
and other pregnancy complications because of not achieving the desirable weight in relation to their
age of gestation (Figure 52).
3.6.1. Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women
This state of being nutritionally at-risk was highest among pregnant women below 20 years
old (37.2%) as shown in Figure 50. This prevalence decreased as pregnancy progressed to the third
trimester and was higher among the poorest quintile (30.0%) and those residing in the rural areas
(25.2%) (Table 50). However, between place of residence and quintiles, the poorest quintile from
urban areas (33.3%) was the most at-risk pregnant women (Table 51).
Among the regions, the proportions of pregnant women who were nutritionally at-risk were
highest in Cagayan Valley (33.6%), Bicol (33.0%) and Western Visayas (32.4%) regions and lowest
in Eastern Visayas (14.1%), Central Luzon (16.5%) and Caraga (18.3%) regions (Table 50). The
decrease in the prevalence of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women between 2011 and 2013 was noted
in the regions of Ilocos, Central Luzon, MIMAROPA, Western Visayas, Eastern Visayas, Northern
Mindanao, SOCCSKSARGEN, and ARMM while an increase was observed in NCR, CAR, Bicol,
Central Visayas, Zamboanga Peninsula, and Davao (Figure 51).
Figure 50. Prevalence of
nutritionally at-risk pregnant
women by age group:
Philippines, 2008, 2011 and
2013
Figure 51. Prevalence of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women by region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
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Table 50. Percentage distribution of pregnant women, by age group, months of pregnancy, place of
residence, wealth quintile, and region using weight-for-height classification: Philippines, 2013
(n=1,184)
Disaggregation/ Variable
Nutritional Status (%)
n Nutritionally at-risk Not nutritionally at-risk
<P95th >P95th
Philippines 1,184 24.8 75.2
Age group
<20 years old 188 37.2 62.8
>20 years old 996 23.0 77.0
Months of Pregnancy
1st Trimester 211 26.6 73.4
2nd
Trimester 499 25.5 74.5
3rd
Trimester 474 23.1 76.9
Residence
Urban 519 24.3 75.7
Rural 665 25.2 74.8
Wealth Quintile
Lowest/ Poorest 334 30.0 70.0
Second 270 26.5 73.5
Middle 239 24.7 75.3
Fourth 170 25.9 74.1
Wealthiest/ Highest 161 14.4 85.6
Region
NCR 109 22.9 77.1
CAR 36 18.6 81.4
I . Ilocos 73 20.9 79.1
II. Cagayan Valley 55 33.6 66.4
III. Central Luzon 100 16.5 83.5
IV-A. CALABARZON 138 28.7 71.3
IV-B. MIMAROPA 46 29.5 70.5
V. Bicol 73 33.0 67.0
VI. Western Visayas 66 32.4 67.6
VII. Central Visayas 78 22.4 77.6
VIII. Eastern Visayas 59 14.1 85.9
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 58 28.5 71.5
X. Northern Mindanao 69 25.1 74.9
XI. Davao 46 32.0 68.0
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 57 20.8 79.2
ARMM 55 25.9 74.1
Caraga 66 18.3 81.7
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Table 51. Nutritionally at-risk pregnant women based on Magbitang, et.al’s weight-for-height
classification, by place of residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013
Place of
Residence
Poorest Second Middle Fourth Wealthiest
In Percent (%)
Urban 33.3 30.8 26.3 25.8 13.3
Rural 28.9 23.3 23.0 26.4 17.7
Figure 52 shows that after a peak in 2005, prevalence of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women
continued to decrease, with a 3.6 percent reduction in the past eight years.
Figure 52. Trends in the prevalence of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women based on weight-for-height:
Philippines, 1998-2013
3.6.2. Nutritional Status of Lactating Women
Among lactating mothers, 12.5 percent were Chronic Energy Deficient/Underweight. This
proportion increased as breastfeeding duration lengthens. Of the 21.7 percent of these women who
were overweight and obese, only 6.5 percent were below 20 years old and 22.8 percent were 20 years
old and above (Table 52).
Wealth is inversely related to chronic energy deficiency (CED) rates but positively related
with overweight and obese rates. CED was more prominent among rural lactating mothers (13.5%)
while overweight and obesity was higher among urban ones (25.6%) (Table 52). However, the
lactating mothers from poorest quintile in urban areas were most at-risk of CED and from the
wealthiest quintile in rural areas were most at-risk of obesity (Table 53).
Among the regions, the proportions of lactating mothers who were undernourished were
highest in MIMAROPA (20.0%), Ilocos and ARMM (15.9%) and Bicol (15.1%). On the other hand,
overweight and obesity rates were highest in Northern Mindanao (32.2%), NCR (31.8%) and CAR
(30.3%) (Table 52).
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Table 52. Percentage distribution of lactating women, by age group, months of lactation, place of
residence, wealth quintile, and region using weight-for-height classification: Philippines, 2013
(n = 2, 605)
Disaggregation/
Variable n
Nutritional Status (%)
Underweight/
CED Normal Overweight Obese
Philippines 2,605 12.5 65.8 17.5 4.2
Age Group
<20 years old* 222 12.4 81.1 5.1 1.4
>20 years old** 2,383 12.5 64.7 18.4 4.4
Months of Lactation
1st Trimester 681 7.3 69.4 19.0 4.2
2nd
Trimester 554 13.8 66.2 16.7 3.3
3rd
Trimester 815 15.9 62.5 16.8 4.8
Residence
Urban 1,043 11.3 63.2 19.7 5.9
Rural 1,562 13.5 68.0 15.6 2.8
Wealth Quintile
Poorest 845 16.4 68.1 12.7 2.8
Second 627 14.4 66.4 15.1 4.1
Middle 534 11.5 66.3 18.8 3.4
Fourth 364 10.3 62.3 21.7 5.8
Wealthiest 215 2.1 62.1 27.6 8.3
Region
NCR 198 7.7 60.5 23.1 8.7
CAR 121 6.0 63.8 26.7 3.5
I . Ilocos 156 15.9 67.5 13.0 3.6
II. Cagayan Valley 134 13.4 72.9 11.7 2.0
III. Central Luzon 175 14.0 61.1 19.8 5.1
IV-A. CALABARZON 224 14.1 65.7 16.4 3.7
IV-B. MIMAROPA 113 20.0 69.6 9.7 0.7
V. Bicol 205 15.1 62.4 18.7 3.9
VI. Western Visayas 200 16.4 71.8 9.8 2.0
VII. Central Visayas 166 9.6 70.4 15.8 4.2
VIII. Eastern Visayas 186 11.5 68.8 17.3 2.4
IX. Zamboanga
Peninsula
103 8.6 65.6 21.6 4.2
X. Northern Mindanao 138 3.8 64.0 24.7 7.5
XI. Davao 109 14.8 66.2 17.1 1.9
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 129 13.8 64.9 20.0 1.3
ARMM 127 15.9 65.5 12.5 6.1
Caraga 121 9.6 65.8 20.7 3.9
*Using BMI-for-age WHO Growth Reference
**Using BMI for adults
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CED Overweight/Obese
Table 53. Percentage distribution of lactating women, by place of residence and wealth quintile, using
weight-for-height classification: Philippines, 2013 (n = 2, 605)
Residence/Wealth
Quintile n
Nutritional Status (%)
Underweight/
CED Normal Overweight Obese
Urban
Poorest 166 19.8 59.7 15.0 5.5
Second 208 17.3 64.3 11.9 6.4
Middle 274 10.9 66.2 18.9 4.0
Fourth 234 8.2 62.4 22.9 6.5
Wealthiest 155 2.2 61.2 29.0 7.6
Rural
Poorest 679 15.5 70.5 12.0 2.0
Second 419 12.6 67.7 17.0 2.7
Middle 230 12.4 66.4 18.6 2.6
Fourth 130 15.8 61.8 18.5 3.9
Wealthiest 60 1.5 65.1 23.1 10.3
At the national level, CED and overweight/obese increased between 2011 and 2013.
Significant improvement in the nutritional status of lactating mothers between 2011 and 2013 in terms
of CED were seen in NCR and Northern Mindanao but both regions had recorded sharp increase in
overweight/obese lactating mothers with the addition of Bicol. General increase in overweight/obese
prevalences were also observed in most of the regions except Ilocos, Central Visayas, MIMAROPA,
and Davao (Figures 54 and 55).
From 1998 to 2008, the reference used was based on NCHS/WHO 1978 but by 2011 WHO
Growth Reference was used to assess the nutritional status of lactating women. Thus, results from
1998 to 2008 are not comparable with 2011 and 2013.
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 53. Prevalence of CED and overweight/obese among lactating women based on BMI and
WHO Growth Reference, by age group: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
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Department of Science and Technology
CED
Overweight/Obese
Figure 54. Prevalence of CED and overweight/obese among lactating women based on
BMI and WHO Growth Reference, by region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 55. Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among lactating women based on
BMI and WHO Growth Reference: Philippines, 1998-2013
74
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Department of Science and Technology
3.7. Birthweight of young children, 0-3.9 years old (0-47 months)
Birth weight, an important indicator of the infant’s health status, survival, and physical and
mental growth in the future, provides specific information on the health of pregnant women and fetal
development. Infants who have a birth weight of less than 2500 grams are considered to have low
birth weight (WHO, 2001). The decline in the proportion of low birth weight among infants
contributes to child mortality reduction, which is one of the 2015 Millennium Development Goals.
Table 54 shows that males had higher mean birth weight than females at 3,054.6 grams.
Among all infants with recorded birth weights included in the survey, 38.7 percent were born in
public hospitals, with delivery assisted by doctors/nurse/midwife (89.5%), were delivered normally
(87.7%), were full term infants (97.2%), and of average size at birth (58.4%) (Table 56).
The proportion of infants born with low birth weight declined to 11.5 percent from 15.9
percent in 2011 (Figure 57). Among infants and young children with recorded birth weight, 11.9
percent were with low birth weight; based on recall, the low birth weight rate was 11.1 percent.
Disaggregated by gender, females had higher (12.3%) low birth weight rates than males (10.8%).
Higher prevalence of low birth weight were noted in ARMM (18.0%), MIMAROPA (15.6%) and
Central Visayas (13.7%) (Tables 55 and 57). Overall, there was general decline in the prevalence rates
of low birth weight infants among the regions between 2011 and 2013 except for ARMM (Figure 56).
Table 54. Mean birth weight among children, 0-3.9 years old (0-47 months), by gender and by
source of birth record: Philippines, 2013 (n=7,158)
Gender
Mean Birth Weight (<2500 g)
All With Record Recalled
n Mean n Mean n Mean
Boys 3,683 3,054.6 1,800 3,045.8 1,692 3,063.8
Girls 3,475 2,984.5 1,783 2,978.1 1,803 2,991.4
All 7,158 3,020.5 3,663 3,012.8 3,495 3,028.8
Table 55. Estimates of the proportion of low birth weight among children, 0-3.9 years old
(0-47 months), by gender and by source of birth record: Philippines, 2013
(n=7,158)
Gender
Low Birth Weight (<2500 g)
All With Record Recalled
n % n % n %
Boys 3,683 10.8 1,800 11.2 1,692 10.2
Girls 3,475 12.3 1,783 12.5 1,803 12.0
All 7,158 11.5 3,663 11.9 3,495 11.1
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Table 56. Place of delivery, who assisted the delivery, type of delivery, type of gestation and size at birth
of children, 0-3.9 years old (0-47 months): Philippines, 2013 (n=7,158)
Variable/ Information All With Record Recalled
n % n % n %
Place of delivery
At Home 1,524 20.5 666 17.9 858 23.2
Public Hospital 2,855 38.7 1,529 40.3 1,326 37.1
Private hospital/Clinic/Lying-in 1,435 22.6 784 24.1 651 21.1
PublicHealth Center/Clinic 1,334 18.0 676 17.5 658 18.5
Others 10 0.1 8 0.2 2 0.1
Who assisted the delivery
Doctor/Nurse/Midwife 6,337 89.5 3,327 91.3 3,010 87.5
Traditional Birth Attendant (Hilot) 787 10.1 322 8.4 465 11.9
Others 34 0.4 14 0.3 20 0.5
Type of delivery
Normal 6,316 87.7 3,175 86.4 3,141 89.2
Caesarian 842 12.3 488 13.6 354 10.8
Type of Gestation
Full term 6,957 97.2 3,553 97.1 3,404 97.3
Premature 201 2.8 110 2.9 91 2.7
Size of Child
Very small 292 4.1 137 3.7 155 4.6
Smaller than average 1,248 17.2 626 17.0 622 17.4
Average 4,196 58.4 2,187 59.7 2,009 57.0
Larger than average 1,348 19.2 678 18.7 670 19.8
Very large 74 1.1 35 0.9 39 1.2
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Table 57. Estimates of the proportion of low birth weight among children, 0-3.9 years old (0-47 months)
by region: Philippines, 2013 (n=7,158)
Region/ Province
% Low
Birth
Weight
Standard
Error
95 % Confidence Interval CV %
LL UL
Philippines 11.5 0.41 10.7 12.3 3.6
NCR 9.8 1.20 7.4 12.1 12.2
CAR 7.9 1.38 5.2 10.6 17.5
I . Ilocos 11.0 1.58 7.9 14.1 14.4
II. Cagayan Valley 12.6 2.19 8.3 17.0 17.4
III. Central Luzon 9.7 1.17 7.4 12.0 12.1
IV-A. CALABARZON 11.9 1.26 9.4 14.3 10.6
IV-B. MIMAROPA 15.6 2.36 11.0 20.3 15.1
V. Bicol 12.5 1.41 9.8 15.3 11.3
VI. Western Visayas 15.5 1.69 12.2 18.9 10.9
VII. Central Visayas 13.7 1.55 10.7 16.8 11.3
VIII. Eastern Visayas 12.4 1.69 9.1 15.7 13.6
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 12.9 1.90 9.2 16.7 14.7
X. Northern Mindanao 6.2 1.29 3.7 8.7 20.8
XI. Davao 12.3 1.70 9.0 15.6 13.8
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 10.2 1.74 6.8 13.6 17.1
ARMM 18.0 3.43 11.3 24.7 19.1
Caraga 10.5 1.89 6.8 14.2 18.0
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 56. Prevalence of low birth weight among young children, 0-3.9 years old (0-47 months), by
region: Philippines, 2011 and 2013
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Prevalence of children born with low birthweight decreased to 11.5% (2013) after it peaked in
2011 (15.9%). This decline will have an impact in reducing child mortality rate in the country (Figure
57).
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05
Figure 57. Trends in the prevalence of low birth weight among young children, 0-3.9
years old (0-47 months): Philippines, 2008-2013
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4. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
The result of the 8th National Nutrition Survey on Anthropometry presented in this monograph leads
to the following conclusions:
Undernutrition remained a public health problem among children and adolescents and more
likely to affect younger males than females. Regions with high to very high magnitude of
undernourished children 0-19 years old includes Bicol, MIMAROPA, Western and Eastern
Visayas, SOCCSKSARGEN, and ARMM.
There was a slow improvement in underweight prevalence among children 0-5.0 years old; it
barely changed over the past decade from 20.7 percent in 2003 to 19.9 percent in 2013.
Reduction on stunting prevalence was apparent in all age groups although it remained high in
magnitude and severity among children 0-5.0 years old at 30.3 percent.
Wasting continued to be prevalent among children and adolescents and greatly affects
younger children particularly during the first 12 months of life.
Double burden of malnutrition was not only seen among adults but also among children and
adolescents. As underweight and stunting prevalence remained high in magnitude and
severity among children, prevalence of overweight/obese was slowly increasing.
Obesity by BMI and by WC and WHR were both high in prevalence among adults, and
women were more likely to have android obesity putting them at higher risk for metabolic
diseases.
There was a continuous improvement in the nutritional status of pregnant women as the
prevalence decreased to 24.8 percent. However, the decline in CED prevalence among
lactating women was not sustained as it slightly increased to 12.5 percent.
The anthropometric results of the 8th National Nutrition Survey showed that the Philippines were
doing poor in reducing undernutrition in children and in preventing further increase in overweight and
obesity. However, we were doing a better job in decreasing the proportion of nutritionally-at-risk
pregnant women.
With regards to the UN MDG 2015 Target, it would seem that the Philippines would not be able to
meet the goal on reducing by half the 1990 proportion of underweight preschool-age children by
2015. We are aiming for a 13.6 percent underweight prevalence but looking at the trend, we only have
0.31 percentage point reduction rate annually. If this trend continues, an underweight prevalence of
only 19.28 percent in 2015 could be predicted, falling short for our 2015 target.
These results call for heightening our plans and actions in addressing these public health problems,
targeting the population and regions or areas that are more vulnerable thus, needs more attention.
Existing interventions to curb malnutrition must be amplified in order to effect bigger change.
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5. REFERENCES
Books/Journals:
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2014). 2013 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey:
Preliminary Report.
Center for Disease Control (CDC). (2007). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES) Anthropometry Procedures Manual, USA.
Dasco, M.L.P., Cerdena, C.M., Pine, C.R., Quiogue, J.B.T., Gironella, G.M.P. and Capanzana, M.V.
(2013). Nutritional status of Filipino preschool and school-age children based on the 2008
National Nutrition Survey. Philippine Journal of Nutrition. January-June, 60(1): 1-14.
Food and Nutrition Research Institute-Department of Science and Technology. (2007). Facts and
Figures Updating 2005. Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila.
Food and Nutrition Research Institute-Department of Science and Technology. (2010). Facts and
Figures 2008. Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila.
Food and Nutrition Research Institute-Department of Science and Technology. (2013). Facts and
Figures Updating 2011. Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila.
Food and Nutrition Research Institute-Department of Science and Technology. (2013). 8th National
Nutrition Survey Field Operations Manual: Anthropometric Survey.
Gibson R.S. (2005). Principles of Nutritional Assessment. Second Edition. Oxford University Press.
New York, USA. 155-260 pp.
Magbitang J.A., Tangco J.B.M., dela Cruz E.O., Flores E.G., and Guanlao F.E.. (1988). Weight for
height as measure of nutritional status in Filipino pregnant women. Asia Pacific Journal of
Public Health 2(2):96-104
World Health Organization. (1995). Physical Status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry.
WHO Technical Report Series 854. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
Websites:
Averkamp, S. (2015). www.fitnessforweightloss.com Accessed on September 24, 2015.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Defining Childhood Obesity.
www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/defining.html. Accessed on September 23, 2015.
World Health Organization. (2015). Fact sheet No311. Obesity and Overweight.
www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/. Accessed on September 23, 2015.
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6. APPENDICES
Appendix 1. Percentage distribution of children, 0-4.99 years old (0-59 months), using WHO-CGS weight-
for-age, by gender, age, and region: Philippines, 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable Underweight Normal Overweight
Philippines 20.0 77.7 2.3
Gender
Male 19.4 78.2 2.4
Female 20.6 77.2 2.3
Age Group
0-5 m 12.2 83.6 4.3
6-11 m 15.2 82.1 2.7
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 20.1 77.6 2.3
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 21.8 76.2 2.1
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 22.3 75.7 2.0
48-59 m (4.0-4.99 y) 21.2 76.8 2.0
Region
NCR 13.0 83.7 3.2
CAR 16.6 81.2 2.2
I. Ilocos 21.2 76.2 2.6
II. Cagayan Valley 20.5 76.7 2.8
III. Central Luzon 17.8 79.0 3.2
IV-A. CALABARZON 18.1 79.0 2.9
IV-B. MIMAROPA 27.6 69.4 3.1
V. Bicol 24.8 73.9 1.3
VI. Western Visayas 26.0 71.5 2.5
VII. Central Visayas 23.1 76.2 0.7
VIII. Eastern Visayas 21.5 76.8 1.7
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 24.4 74.3 1.3
X. Northern Mindanao 17.6 80.0 2.4
XI. Davao 18.6 80.1 1.3
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 24.0 74.4 1.6
ARMM 22.5 75.2 2.3
Caraga 20.0 78.8 1.3
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Appendix 2. Percentage distribution of children, 0-4.99 years old (0-59 months), using WHO-CGS height-
for-age, by gender, age, and region: Philippines, 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable Stunting Normal Tall
Philippines 30.3 67.9 1.8
Gender
Male 31.4 66.6 2.0
Female 29.1 69.2 1.6
Age Group
0-5 m 13.1 83.2 3.8
6-11 m 16.2 79.8 4.0
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 31.5 66.2 2.3
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 35.7 63.0 1.3
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 35.4 63.6 1.0
48-59 m (4.0-4.99 y) 32.7 66.2 1.1
Region
NCR 22.5 74.5 3.0
CAR 32.5 66.1 1.4
I. Ilocos 27.2 70.9 1.9
II. Cagayan Valley 26.5 72.1 1.5
III. Central Luzon 23.2 75.5 1.2
IV-A. CALABARZON 25.2 72.6 2.1
IV-B. MIMAROPA 35.8 62.7 1.5
V. Bicol 40.2 58.7 1.1
VI. Western Visayas 36.4 63.0 0.5
VII. Central Visayas 34.7 64.1 1.3
VIII. Eastern Visayas 36.6 61.3 2.1
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 39.1 59.6 1.3
X. Northern Mindanao 33.3 65.7 1.0
XI. Davao 29.5 67.8 2.7
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 36.2 62.0 1.9
ARMM 38.8 57.7 3.4
Caraga 34.4 63.9 1.7
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Appendix 3. Percentage distribution of children, 0-4.99 years old (0-59 months), using WHO-CGS weight-
for-height, by gender, age, and region: Philippines, 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable Wasting Normal Overweight for height
Philippines 8.0 86.8 5.1
Gender
Male 8.3 86.1 5.5
Female 7.6 87.5 4.7
Age Group
0-5 m 13.4 76.4 9.9
6-11 m 11.3 83.6 5.0
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 10.6 84.9 4.4
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 6.4 88.6 4.8
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 5.8 89.8 4.2
48-59 m (4.0-4.99 y) 5.6 89.3 4.9
Region
NCR 6.4 86.9 6.5
CAR 6.0 87.1 6.2
I. Ilocos 9.7 84.9 5.5
II. Cagayan Valley 7.8 86.1 5.8
III. Central Luzon 8.4 85.2 6.1
IV-A. CALABARZON 8.8 84.0 6.7
IV-B. MIMAROPA 9.7 84.6 5.4
V. Bicol 7.5 88.4 3.9
VI. Western Visayas 8.9 86.2 4.6
VII. Central Visayas 8.0 88.4 3.6
VIII. Eastern Visayas 7.9 89.0 3.1
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 8.1 89.2 2.7
X. Northern Mindanao 7.0 88.3 4.7
XI. Davao 7.5 88.8 3.5
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 6.8 89.9 3.3
ARMM 8.8 86.5 4.1
Caraga 7.6 88.6 3.6
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Appendix 4. Estimates of the proportion of underweight among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months),
using WHO-CGS weight-for-age, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of
variation by region and province: Philippines, 2013 (n=13,406)
Region/ Province %
Underweight
Standard
Error
95 % Confidence Interval CV %
LL UL
Philippines 19.9 0.40 19.2 20.7 2.0
NCR 12.9 1.02 10.9 14.9 7.9
District I 13.6 2.43 8.8 18.4 17.9
District II 11.2 1.79 7.7 14.7 15.9
District III 9.7 1.87 6.0 13.3 19.4
District IV 16.9 1.99 13.0 20.8 11.8
CAR 16.5 1.62 13.3 19.7 9.8
Abra 19.5 3.56 12.5 26.5 18.3
Apayao 17.6 4.19 9.4 25.9 23.7
Benguet 13.2 1.95 9.4 17.0 14.8
Ifugao 9.7 5.00 -0.1 19.5 51.5
Kalinga 17.6 4.57 8.7 26.6 25.9
Mountain Province 34.8 9.54 16.1 53.5 27.4
I. Ilocos Region 21.4 1.60 18.3 24.5 7.5
Ilocos Norte 24.2 5.82 12.8 35.6 24.1
Ilocos Sur 13.9 4.47 5.2 22.7 32.1
La Union 19.8 4.64 10.7 28.9 23.5
Pangasinan 22.7 1.83 19.1 26.3 8.1
II. Cagayan Valley 20.6 1.87 16.9 24.3 9.1
Cagayan 22.7 2.34 18.1 27.2 10.3
Isabela 19.6 3.32 13.1 26.1 16.9
Nueva Vizcaya 19.6 4.03 11.7 27.5 20.5
Quirino 17.3 6.04 5.5 29.2 34.9
III. Central Luzon 17.7 1.33 15.1 20.3 7.5
Aurora 33.3 22.66 -11.1 77.8 68.0
Bataan 10.8 5.20 0.6 21.0 48.3
Bulacan 16.3 2.63 11.1 21.4 16.1
Nueva Ecija 21.1 2.97 15.3 26.9 14.1
Pampanga 15.6 2.34 11.0 20.2 15.0
Tarlac 14.6 3.13 8.5 20.8 21.5
Zambales 30.2 5.99 18.5 42.0 19.8
IV-A. CALABARZON 18.1 1.08 16.0 20.2 6.0
Batangas 16.0 2.15 11.8 20.3 13.4
Cavite 15.9 2.40 11.2 20.6 15.0
Laguna 15.2 1.82 11.6 18.8 12.0
Quezon 25.4 2.54 20.4 30.4 10.0
Rizal 18.6 2.77 13.1 24.0 14.9
IV-B. MIMAROPA 27.5 2.57 22.4 32.5 9.4
Marinduque 14.1 6.22 1.9 26.3 44.1
Occidental Mindoro 39.1 7.79 23.8 54.4 19.9
Oriental Mindoro 26.0 4.10 18.0 34.1 15.8
Palawan 28.0 2.71 22.7 33.3 9.7
Romblon 11.2 4.68 2.0 20.4 41.7
V. Bicol Region 24.6 1.65 21.4 27.9 6.7
Albay 24.7 2.92 18.9 30.4 11.8
Camarines Norte 21.3 6.98 7.6 35.0 32.8
Camarines Sur 26.2 3.07 20.2 32.2 11.7
Catanduanes 18.7 6.87 5.2 32.2 36.7
Masbate 25.0 3.91 17.4 32.7 15.6
Sorsogon 24.4 3.72 17.1 31.7 15.2
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Continued… Appendix 4
Region/ Province %
Underweight
Standard
Error
95 % Confidence Interval CV %
LL UL
VI. Western Visayas 26.0 1.79 22.4 29.5 6.9
Aklan 15.1 3.05 9.1 21.1 20.2
Antique 29.2 5.10 19.2 39.2 17.4
Capiz 28.3 5.23 18.1 38.6 18.5
Guimaras 11.5 4.66 2.4 20.7 40.4
Iloilo 27.4 3.26 21.0 33.8 11.9
Negros Occidental 26.4 2.97 20.6 32.2 11.2
VII. Central Visayas 23.1 1.57 20.0 26.2 6.8
Bohol 22.7 4.06 14.8 30.7 17.9
Cebu 23.8 2.02 19.9 27.8 8.5
Negros Oriental 20.3 2.89 14.7 26.0 14.2
Siquijor 31.7 15.90 0.5 62.9 50.2
VIII. Eastern Visayas 21.7 1.37 19.0 24.4 6.3
Biliran 29.1 4.72 19.9 38.4 16.2
Eastern Samar 15.1 4.05 7.2 23.1 26.7
Leyte 22.3 2.23 17.9 26.7 10.0
Northern Samar 24.8 3.91 17.1 32.4 15.8
Southern Leyte 18.3 3.76 10.9 25.7 20.6
Western Samar 20.7 2.95 14.9 26.4 14.3
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 24.5 2.00 20.5 28.4 8.2
Zamboanga del Norte 26.3 3.44 19.6 33.1 13.1
Zamboanga del Sur 21.6 2.84 16.1 27.2 13.1
Zamboanga Sibugay 31.1 5.00 21.3 40.9 16.1
X. Northern Mindanao 17.7 1.47 14.8 20.6 8.3
Bukidnon 16.1 3.02 10.2 22.0 18.8
Camiguin 6.8 6.74 -6.5 20.0 99.6
Lanao del Norte 17.1 2.33 12.6 21.7 13.6
Misamis Occidental 24.2 5.07 14.2 34.1 21.0
Misamis Oriental 17.4 2.20 13.1 21.7 12.6
XI. Davao Region 18.8 1.84 15.2 22.4 9.8
Compostela Valley 13.8 3.09 7.7 19.8 22.4
Davao del Norte 17.3 4.19 9.1 25.5 24.2
Davao del Sur 22.4 2.82 16.9 28.0 12.6
Davao Oriental 11.5 3.37 4.9 18.1 29.3
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 23.8 1.89 20.1 27.5 7.9
North Cotabato 22.1 3.42 15.4 28.8 15.5
Sarangani 25.1 4.97 15.4 34.9 19.8
South Cotabato 21.8 3.01 15.9 27.7 13.8
Sultan Kudarat 29.9 4.30 21.5 38.3 14.4
ARMM 21.9 1.68 18.6 25.2 7.7
Basilan 11.9 4.63 2.8 20.9 39.1
Lanao del Sur 24.2 3.16 18.0 30.4 13.1
Maguindanao 21.9 2.69 16.6 27.1 12.3
Sulu 20.3 3.54 13.3 27.2 17.4
Tawi-Tawi 26.0 4.86 16.5 35.5 18.7
Caraga 19.8 1.59 16.7 22.9 8.0
Agusan del Norte 22.1 3.81 14.7 29.6 17.2
Agusan del Sur 13.8 3.17 7.6 20.1 22.9
Surigao del Norte 20.9 4.51 12.1 29.8 21.5
Surigao del Sur 22.4 1.88 18.7 26.1 8.4
Note: Prevalence’s between provinces are significantly different if the Confidence Interval (CI’s) do not overlap from each other.
CV’s that are <20 are acceptable estimates for the province.
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV-Makati, Pateros, Taguig, Las Piñas, Muntinlupa, Parañaque, Pasay
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Appendix 5. Differences of estimates of underweight children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by age,
gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
Underweight
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs. 2008 2013 vs. 2011
% % % Diff. p-
value Diff.
p-value
Sex/Age Group
All 20.7 20.2 19.9 -0.8 0.080 -0.3 0.515
0-5 m 12.0 12.4 12.2 0.2 0.873 -0.2 0.876
6-11 m 15.5 15.2 15.2 -0.3 0.821 0.0 1.000
1y 19.3 19.5 20.1 0.8 0.448 0.6 0.576
2y 22.8 21.8 21.8 -1.0 0.369 0.0 1.000
3y 24.1 21.7 22.3 -1.8 0.087 0.6 0.563
4-5y 23.0 23.2 21.0 -2.0 0.036 -2.2 0.026
Male 20.9 20.1 19.4 -1.5 0.018 -0.7 0.271
0-5 m 13.3 14.0 13.8 0.5 0.785 -0.2 0.916
6-11 m 18.5 17.2 16.1 -2.4 0.220 -1.1 0.568
1y 20.4 21.4 21.7 1.3 0.386 0.3 0.845
2y 22.9 20.8 20.4 -2.5 0.100 -0.4 0.788
3y 22.7 20.9 20.9 -1.8 0.212 0.0 1.000
4-5y 22.2 21.4 18.7 -3.5 0.007 -2.7 0.041
Female 20.6 20.3 20.5 -0.1 0.880 0.2 0.765
0-5 m 10.8 10.8 10.6 -0.2 0.906 -0.2 0.908
6-11 m 12.4 12.9 14.3 1.9 0.283 1.4 0.442
1y 18.0 17.5 18.3 0.3 0.838 0.8 0.592
2y 22.7 23.0 23.4 0.7 0.669 0.4 0.808
3y 25.6 22.6 23.6 -2.0 0.193 1.0 0.509
4-5y 23.8 25.2 23.4 -0.4 0.777 -1.8 0.220
Region
NCR 17.4 14.7 12.9 -4.5 0.001 -1.8 0.163
CAR 15.5 11.9 16.5 1.0 0.642 4.6 0.022
I. Ilocos 20.3 19.8 21.4 1.1 0.558 1.6 0.423
II. Cagayan Valley 20.5 23.2 20.6 0.1 0.963 -2.6 0.249
III. Central Luzon 14.5 15.8 17.7 3.2 0.027 1.9 0.214
IV-A. CALABARZON 16.5 14.8 18.1 1.6 0.245 3.3 0.017
IV-B. MIMAROPA 26.6 24.9 27.5 0.9 0.711 2.6 0.301
V. Bicol 26.4 25.3 24.6 -1.8 0.344 -0.7 0.713
VI. Western Visayas 25.0 23.9 26.0 1.0 0.619 2.1 0.304
VII. Central Visayas 19.4 21.6 23.1 3.7 0.041 1.5 0.427
VIII. Eastern Visayas 26.4 25.6 21.7 -4.7 0.017 -3.9 0.047
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 25.4 25.2 24.5 -0.9 0.705 -0.7 0.769
X. Northern Mindanao 21.6 21.9 17.7 -3.9 0.053 -4.2 0.037
XI. Davao 21.9 20.2 18.8 -3.1 0.139 -1.4 0.542
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 24.7 25.1 23.8 -0.9 0.678 -1.3 0.550
ARMM 24.3 26.2 21.9 -2.4 0.261 -4.3 0.045
Caraga 22.6 23.0 19.8 -2.8 0.195 -3.2 0.133 Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
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Appendix 6. Estimates of the proportion of underheight among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months),
using WHO-CGS height-for-age, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of
variation by region and province: Philippines, 2013 (n=13,291)
Region/ Province % Stunting Standard
Error
95 % Confidence Interval CV %
LL UL
Philippines 30.3 0.46 29.4 31.3 1.5
NCR 22.4 1.29 19.9 24.9 5.8
District I 23.5 2.51 18.6 28.4 10.7
District II 22.0 2.43 17.2 26.7 11.1
District III 21.8 2.50 16.9 26.7 11.5
District IV 22.8 2.43 18.0 27.6 10.7
CAR 32.4 2.42 27.6 37.1 7.5
Abra 34.7 6.08 22.7 46.6 17.5
Apayao 36.5 11.39 14.1 58.8 31.2
Benguet 27.6 3.34 21.0 34.1 12.1
Ifugao 26.0 6.67 12.9 39.1 25.7
Kalinga 34.3 6.80 20.9 47.6 19.8
Mountain Province 54.9 7.76 39.7 70.1 14.1
I. Ilocos Region 27.4 1.82 23.8 31.0 6.7
Ilocos Norte 23.2 3.60 16.2 30.3 15.5
Ilocos Sur 28.4 6.42 15.9 41.0 22.6
La Union 26.1 5.23 15.8 36.3 20.1
Pangasinan 28.4 2.27 24.0 32.9 8.0
II. Cagayan Valley 26.9 1.95 23.1 30.7 7.2
Cagayan 27.0 2.91 21.3 32.7 10.8
Isabela 24.7 3.27 18.3 31.1 13.2
Nueva Vizcaya 27.9 4.37 19.3 36.4 15.7
Quirino 42.3 6.56 29.4 55.1 15.5
III. Central Luzon 23.1 1.42 20.3 25.9 6.1
Aurora 26.7 7.22 12.5 40.8 27.1
Bataan 15.0 4.76 5.7 24.3 31.8
Bulacan 22.9 2.70 17.6 28.2 11.8
Nueva Ecija 22.8 3.20 16.5 29.0 14.1
Pampanga 20.8 2.86 15.2 26.4 13.8
Tarlac 25.2 4.16 17.0 33.3 16.5
Zambales 35.3 4.42 26.6 44.0 12.5
IV-A. CALABARZON 25.3 1.23 22.9 27.7 4.9
Batangas 24.5 3.10 18.4 30.5 12.7
Cavite 22.7 2.48 17.9 27.6 10.9
Laguna 22.5 3.02 16.6 28.4 13.4
Quezon 36.1 2.45 31.3 41.0 6.8
Rizal 21.6 2.85 16.0 27.2 13.2
IV-B. MIMAROPA 35.6 2.99 29.8 41.5 8.4
Marinduque 32.9 9.01 15.3 50.6 27.4
Occidental Mindoro 42.8 8.90 25.3 60.2 20.8
Oriental Mindoro 37.4 4.86 27.9 47.0 13.0
Palawan 32.1 3.49 25.2 38.9 10.9
Romblon 25.9 7.57 11.1 40.8 29.2
V. Bicol Region 39.8 1.92 36.0 43.6 4.8
Albay 40.7 3.11 34.6 46.8 7.6
Camarines Norte 35.1 8.13 19.1 51.0 23.2
Camarines Sur 39.3 3.99 31.5 47.1 10.1
Catanduanes 21.0 5.63 10.0 32.1 26.8
Masbate 44.0 3.80 36.6 51.5 8.6
Sorsogon 43.4 3.83 35.9 50.9 8.8
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Continued… Appendix 6
Region/ Province % Stunting Standard
Error
95 % Confidence Interval CV %
LL UL
VI. Western Visayas 36.9 1.99 32.9 40.8 5.4
Aklan 23.9 3.56 16.9 30.8 14.9
Antique 38.7 5.23 28.4 49.0 13.5
Capiz 35.5 6.12 23.5 47.5 17.2
Guimaras 26.9 8.47 10.3 43.5 31.4
Iloilo 38.3 3.42 31.6 45.0 8.9
Negros Occidental 38.4 3.55 31.4 45.3 9.2
VII. Central Visayas 34.6 1.98 30.7 38.5 5.7
Bohol 31.5 3.45 24.8 38.3 10.9
Cebu 35.3 2.85 29.8 40.9 8.1
Negros Oriental 35.2 3.73 27.9 42.5 10.6
Siquijor 38.0 12.92 12.7 63.4 34.0
VIII. Eastern Visayas 36.8 1.92 33.1 40.6 5.2
Biliran 36.3 7.70 21.2 51.4 21.2
Eastern Samar 34.6 5.49 23.8 45.3 15.9
Leyte 37.7 3.05 31.7 43.6 8.1
Northern Samar 45.8 4.58 36.9 54.8 10.0
Southern Leyte 26.1 7.84 10.7 41.4 30.1
Western Samar 34.3 4.36 25.7 42.8 12.7
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 38.7 2.26 34.3 43.1 5.8
Zamboanga del Norte 44.2 3.06 38.2 50.2 6.9
Zamboanga del Sur 35.5 3.29 29.1 41.9 9.3
Zamboanga Sibugay 42.1 6.55 29.2 54.9 15.6
X. Northern Mindanao 33.6 1.67 30.3 36.8 5.0
Bukidnon 38.3 3.53 31.3 45.2 9.2
Camiguin 39.0 8.18 23.0 55.1 21.0
Lanao del Norte 33.0 3.27 26.6 39.4 9.9
Misamis Occidental 31.9 4.82 22.4 41.3 15.1
Misamis Oriental 30.1 2.72 24.8 35.4 9.0
XI. Davao Region 29.8 2.00 25.9 33.8 6.7
Compostela Valley 33.5 3.83 26.0 41.1 11.4
Davao del Norte 31.9 6.64 18.8 44.9 20.9
Davao del Sur 28.9 2.62 23.8 34.1 9.1
Davao Oriental 27.5 3.92 19.8 35.2 14.2
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 36.3 2.60 31.2 41.4 7.2
North Cotabato 37.4 5.85 26.0 48.9 15.6
Sarangani 31.1 4.58 22.2 40.1 14.7
South Cotabato 35.3 3.17 29.1 41.5 9.0
Sultan Kudarat 39.5 6.49 26.8 52.2 16.4
ARMM 39.0 1.96 35.1 42.8 5.0
Basilan 35.1 6.51 22.3 47.8 18.6
Lanao del Sur 41.1 4.05 33.1 49.0 9.9
Maguindanao 34.2 2.51 29.3 39.1 7.3
Sulu 41.8 6.04 29.9 53.6 14.5
Tawi-Tawi 43.7 6.71 30.5 56.9 15.4
Caraga 34.3 1.90 30.5 38.0 5.5
Agusan del Norte 32.1 4.62 23.0 41.2 14.4
Agusan del Sur 33.3 3.81 25.9 40.8 11.4
Surigao del Norte 34.5 4.08 26.5 42.5 11.8
Surigao del Sur 36.5 2.90 30.8 42.2 8.0
Note: Prevalence’s between provinces are significantly different if the Confidence Interval (CI’s) do not overlap from each other.
CV’s that are <20 are acceptable estimates for the province.
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV-Makati, Pateros, Taguig, Las Piñas, Muntinlupa, Parañaque, Pasay
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Appendix 7. Differences of estimates of stunted children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by age, gender,
and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
Stunting
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs. 2008 2013 vs. 2011
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Sex/Age Group
All 32.4 33.6 30.3 -2.1 0.000 -3.3 0.000
0-5 m 11.6 14.1 13.1 1.5 0.233 -1.0 0.457
6-11 m 14.3 16.2 16.2 1.9 0.148 0.0 1.000
1y 27.7 33.6 31.5 3.8 0.002 -2.1 0.099
2y 40.1 39.3 35.7 -4.4 0.001 -3.6 0.006
3y 41.2 41.5 35.4 -5.8 0.000 -6.1 0.000
4-5y 38.2 37.4 32.7 -5.5 0.000 -4.7 0.000
Male 33.6 35.0 31.5 -2.1 0.005 -3.5 0.000
0-5 m 12.7 16.0 16.3 3.6 0.055 0.3 0.882
6-11 m 18.2 19.8 17.2 -1.0 0.611 -2.6 0.197
1y 30.4 37.2 35.3 4.9 0.005 -1.9 0.292
2y 40.9 39.7 36.1 -4.8 0.008 -3.6 0.046
3y 40.8 42.7 35.5 -5.3 0.002 -7.2 0.000
4-5y 38.8 36.4 32.4 -6.4 0.000 -4.0 0.011
Female 31.1 32.3 29.1 -2.0 0.008 -3.2 0.000
0-5 m 10.4 12.1 9.9 -0.5 0.763 -2.2 0.211
6-11 m 10.0 12.0 15.1 5.1 0.003 3.1 0.087
1y 24.8 29.5 27.5 2.7 0.108 -2.0 0.260
2y 39.3 38.9 35.2 -4.1 0.031 -3.7 0.052
3y 41.6 40.1 35.4 -6.2 0.000 -4.7 0.007
4-5y 37.7 38.4 33.0 -4.7 0.003 -5.4 0.001
Region
NCR 24.8 26.8 22.4 -2.4 0.141 -4.4 0.006
CAR 36.3 34.3 32.4 -3.9 0.165 -1.9 0.513
I. Ilocos 27.5 29.0 27.4 -0.1 0.962 -1.6 0.474
II. Cagayan Valley 31.0 32.1 26.9 -4.1 0.089 -5.2 0.038
III. Central Luzon 22.3 22.3 23.1 0.8 0.631 0.8 0.604
IV-A. CALABARZON 24.8 27.4 25.3 0.5 0.753 -2.1 0.183
IV-B. MIMAROPA 37.2 37.2 35.6 -1.6 0.545 -1.6 0.564
V. Bicol 38.2 36.8 39.8 1.6 0.453 3.0 0.163
VI. Western Visayas 39.2 41.0 36.9 -2.3 0.307 -4.1 0.070
VII. Central Visayas 35.1 38.6 34.6 -0.5 0.814 -4.0 0.069
VIII. Eastern Visayas 41.0 41.7 36.8 -4.2 0.063 -4.9 0.030
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 40.3 42.2 38.7 -1.6 0.552 -3.5 0.197
X. Northern Mindanao 37.7 37.2 33.6 -4.1 0.091 -3.6 0.137
XI. Davao 37.0 35.2 29.8 -7.2 0.004 -5.4 0.033
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 39.6 42.6 36.3 -3.3 0.004 -6.3 0.010
ARMM 39.6 43.5 39.0 -0.6 0.809 -4.5 0.069
Caraga 37.3 37.3 34.3 -3.0 0.237 -3.0 0.244
Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
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Appendix 8. Estimates of the proportion of thinness among children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), using
WHO-CGS weight-for-height, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of
variation by region and province: Philippines, 2013 (n=13,285)
Region/ Province % Wasting Standard
Error
95 % Confidence Interval CV %
LL UL
Philippines 7.9 0.25 7.4 8.4 3.2
NCR 6.4 0.70 5.1 7.8 10.9
District I 3.2 1.20 0.8 5.5 37.5
District II 6.9 1.36 4.2 9.5 19.8
District III 4.8 1.22 2.4 7.1 25.5
District IV 8.7 1.34 6.1 11.4 15.3
CAR 5.9 1.05 3.8 7.9 17.8
Abra 10.4 2.26 5.9 14.8 21.8
Apayao 6.1 4.25 -2.2 14.4 69.8
Benguet 7.3 2.05 3.2 11.3 28.3
Ifugao 1.8 1.90 -1.9 5.5 104.6
Kalinga 1.0 0.99 -0.9 2.9 99.1
Mountain Province 5.6 4.05 -2.3 13.6 72.0
I. Ilocos Region 9.8 1.06 7.7 11.9 10.9
Ilocos Norte 15.3 5.27 5.0 25.7 34.4
Ilocos Sur 9.7 2.62 4.5 14.8 27.1
La Union 9.6 2.52 4.6 14.5 26.4
Pangasinan 8.7 1.10 6.6 10.9 12.6
II. Cagayan Valley 7.9 1.00 5.9 9.9 12.7
Cagayan 10.2 1.47 7.3 13.1 14.5
Isabela 6.0 1.44 3.2 8.8 23.9
Nueva Vizcaya 9.3 4.01 1.5 17.2 43.0
Quirino 6.0 3.07 0.0 12.0 51.0
III. Central Luzon 8.3 0.86 6.6 10.0 10.4
Aurora 26.7 17.91 -8.5 61.8 67.2
Bataan 3.1 2.20 -1.2 7.4 70.5
Bulacan 7.6 1.76 4.1 11.0 23.2
Nueva Ecija 10.1 1.61 6.9 13.2 16.0
Pampanga 7.9 1.78 4.4 11.4 22.6
Tarlac 6.8 2.26 2.4 11.2 33.3
Zambales 11.7 2.82 6.2 17.3 24.1
IV-A. CALABARZON 8.7 0.80 7.1 10.2 9.2
Batangas 8.1 2.25 3.7 12.5 27.8
Cavite 6.2 1.23 3.8 8.6 19.8
Laguna 12.6 2.10 8.5 16.7 16.7
Quezon 7.5 1.32 4.9 10.1 17.6
Rizal 9.7 2.07 5.6 13.7 21.4
IV-B. MIMAROPA 9.8 1.46 6.9 12.6 15.0
Marinduque 2.3 2.40 -2.4 7.1 102.2
Occidental Mindoro 14.2 3.76 6.8 21.6 26.5
Oriental Mindoro 8.7 2.52 3.8 13.6 28.9
Palawan 10.4 2.62 5.3 15.6 25.1
Romblon 5.5 2.76 0.1 10.9 50.4
V. Bicol Region 7.4 0.87 5.7 9.1 11.8
Albay 6.7 1.84 3.1 10.3 27.5
Camarines Norte 7.0 3.38 0.4 13.6 48.3
Camarines Sur 8.4 1.33 5.8 11.0 15.7
Catanduanes 4.7 4.21 -3.6 12.9 90.3
Masbate 9.5 2.78 4.0 14.9 29.3
Sorsogon 4.3 1.61 1.2 7.5 37.1
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Continued… Appendix 8
Region/ Province % Wasting Standard
Error
95 % Confidence Interval CV %
LL UL
VI. Western Visayas 8.9 1.05 6.8 10.9 11.8
Aklan 6.4 2.91 0.7 12.1 45.4
Antique 9.2 4.49 0.4 18.0 48.9
Capiz 9.0 3.37 2.4 15.6 37.4
Guimaras 3.8 3.68 -3.4 11.1 95.7
Iloilo 9.8 2.06 5.8 13.8 21.0
Negros Occidental 8.8 1.40 6.1 11.6 15.8
VII. Central Visayas 7.9 0.92 6.1 9.7 11.6
Bohol 4.0 1.68 0.7 7.3 42.0
Cebu 9.6 1.37 6.9 12.3 14.2
Negros Oriental 5.9 1.58 2.8 9.0 26.7
Siquijor 12.7 5.03 2.8 22.5 39.7
VIII. Eastern Visayas 7.8 1.04 5.8 9.9 13.3
Biliran 14.8 4.74 5.5 24.1 32.1
Eastern Samar 3.3 1.80 -0.2 6.9 53.9
Leyte 8.7 1.92 4.9 12.5 22.1
Northern Samar 5.7 1.95 1.9 9.5 34.0
Southern Leyte 6.3 3.03 0.4 12.2 48.1
Western Samar 8.4 2.21 4.1 12.8 26.2
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 8.0 1.15 5.8 10.3 14.3
Zamboanga del Norte 6.5 1.60 3.4 9.7 24.4
Zamboanga del Sur 7.3 1.42 4.5 10.0 19.6
Zamboanga Sibugay 12.3 3.72 5.0 19.6 30.2
X. Northern Mindanao 7.0 1.04 4.9 9.0 15.0
Bukidnon 4.6 1.32 2.0 7.2 28.6
Camiguin 6.8 6.74 -6.5 20.0 99.6
Lanao del Norte 9.0 2.32 4.4 13.5 25.9
Misamis Occidental 9.5 3.48 2.6 16.3 36.8
Misamis Oriental 6.3 1.81 2.7 9.8 29.0
XI. Davao Region 7.5 1.22 5.1 9.9 16.4
Compostela Valley 3.4 2.43 -1.4 8.1 72.2
Davao del Norte 7.0 2.72 1.6 12.3 39.0
Davao del Sur 8.7 1.72 5.3 12.1 19.7
Davao Oriental 7.0 3.44 0.3 13.7 49.1
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 6.7 1.15 4.4 8.9 17.3
North Cotabato 6.5 2.04 2.5 10.5 31.5
Sarangani 10.1 4.93 0.5 19.8 48.6
South Cotabato 5.2 1.30 2.7 7.8 24.9
Sultan Kudarat 7.6 3.04 1.7 13.6 39.8
ARMM 8.5 1.53 5.5 11.5 18.0
Basilan 5.3 3.98 -2.5 13.1 75.5
Lanao del Sur 6.5 1.62 3.3 9.7 24.8
Maguindanao 11.1 3.27 4.7 17.5 29.5
Sulu 8.2 5.50 -2.6 19.0 67.3
Tawi-Tawi 10.0 3.47 3.2 16.8 34.9
Caraga 7.5 1.09 5.4 9.7 14.5
Agusan del Norte 12.8 3.04 6.8 18.8 23.8
Agusan del Sur 4.8 1.76 1.4 8.3 36.6
Surigao del Norte 8.4 2.32 3.9 13.0 27.6
Surigao del Sur 5.4 1.85 1.8 9.0 34.1
Note: Prevalence’s between provinces are significantly different if the Confidence Interval (CI’s) do not overlap from each other.
CV’s that are <20 are acceptable estimates for the province.
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV-Makati, Pateros, Taguig, Las Piñas, Muntinlupa, Parañaque, Pasay
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Appendix 9. Differences of estimates of wasted/thin children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by age,
gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
Wasting
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs. 2008 2013 vs. 2011
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Sex/Age Group
All 6.9 7.3 7.9 1.0 0.001 0.6 0.050
0-5 m 11.9 11.1 13.4 1.5 0.238 2.3 0.072
6-11 m 11.6 11.9 11.3 -0.3 0.798 -0.6 0.614
1y 9.4 9.1 10.6 1.2 0.132 1.5 0.062
2y 5.5 6.6 6.4 0.9 0.155 -0.2 0.764
3y 4.4 4.5 5.8 1.4 0.010 1.3 0.019
4-5y 4.3 5.5 5.5 1.2 0.015 0.0 1.000
Male 7.4 7.5 8.2 0.8 0.059 0.7 0.104
0-5 m 13.5 12.6 13.6 0.1 0.957 1.0 0.588
6-11 m 12.0 13.2 12.7 0.7 0.679 -0.5 0.773
1y 10.8 9.2 11.1 0.3 0.795 1.9 0.091
2y 5.6 6.5 6.7 1.1 0.213 0.2 0.828
3y 4.9 4.5 6.5 1.6 0.047 2.0 0.012
4-5y 4.1 5.0 5.1 1.0 0.134 0.1 0.890
Female 6.4 7.1 7.5 1.1 0.008 0.4 0.356
0-5 m 10.3 9.4 13.2 2.9 0.098 3.8 0.031
6-11 m 11.1 10.4 9.9 -1.2 0.457 -0.5 0.757
1y 7.9 9.1 10.0 2.1 0.053 0.9 0.434
2y 5.3 6.7 6.1 0.8 0.375 -0.6 0.535
3y 3.8 4.4 5.0 1.2 0.099 0.6 0.432
4-5y 4.7 6.0 6.0 1.3 0.080 0.0 1.000
Region
NCR 6.3 6.6 6.4 0.1 0.915 -0.2 0.745
CAR 5.8 4.7 5.9 0.1 0.942 1.2 0.354
I. Ilocos 6.6 9.9 9.8 3.2 0.011 -0.1 0.946
II. Cagayan Valley 7.9 10.5 7.9 0.0 1.000 -2.6 0.115
III. Central Luzon 7.1 7.0 8.3 1.2 0.256 1.5 0.202
IV-A. CALABARZON 6.5 6.5 8.7 2.2 0.022 2.2 0.026
IV-B. MIMAROPA 7.0 10.5 9.8 2.8 0.061 -0.7 0.688
V. Bicol 8.0 8.4 7.4 -0.6 0.608 -1.0 0.404
VI. Western Visayas 8.5 5.8 8.9 0.4 0.759 3.1 0.011
VII. Central Visayas 4.6 5.3 7.9 3.3 0.002 2.6 0.020
VIII. Eastern Visayas 6.7 7.8 7.8 1.1 0.356 0.0 1.000
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 8.0 7.1 8.0 0.0 1.000 1.1 0.489
X. Northern Mindanao 6.5 7.3 7.0 0.5 0.693 -0.3 0.818
XI. Davao 5.7 7.2 7.5 1.8 0.158 0.3 0.831
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 6.9 7.1 6.7 -0.2 0.876 -0.4 0.700
ARMM 10.3 10.0 8.5 -1.8 0.230 -1.5 0.306
Caraga 7.8 8.6 7.5 -0.3 0.831 -1.1 0.452
Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
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Appendix 10. Differences of estimates of overweight-for-height children, 0-5.0 years old (0-60 months), by
age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
Overweight-for-height
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs. 2008 2013 vs. 2011
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Sex/Age Group
All 3.3 4.3 5.0 1.7 0.000 0.7 0.004
0-5 m 5.2 8.1 9.9 4.7 0.000 1.8 0.106
6-11 m 2.7 4.1 5.0 2.3 0.001 0.9 0.240
1y 3.4 4.6 4.4 1.0 0.050 -0.2 0.722
2y 3.7 4.1 4.8 1.1 0.040 0.7 0.205
3y 2.5 4.2 4.2 1.7 0.000 0.0 1.000
4-5y 3.0 3.0 4.8 1.8 0.000 1.8 0.000
Male 3.6 4.7 5.4 1.8 0.000 0.7 0.045
0-5 m 5.3 8.4 10.1 4.8 0.001 1.7 0.282
6-11 m 2.2 3.9 5.0 2.8 0.002 1.1 0.295
1y 4.3 4.7 4.3 0.0 1.000 -0.4 0.608
2y 4.3 4.4 5.6 1.3 0.102 1.2 0.134
3y 2.6 5.2 5.0 2.4 0.000 -0.2 0.796
4-5y 3.4 3.4 5.2 1.8 0.005 1.8 0.007
Female 2.8 3.9 4.6 1.8 0.000 0.7 0.037
0-5 m 5.0 7.8 9.6 4.6 0.001 1.8 0.252
6-11 m 3.4 4.3 5.1 1.7 0.102 0.8 0.476
1y 2.4 4.5 4.6 2.2 0.001 0.1 0.903
2y 3.1 3.8 3.9 0.8 0.261 0.1 0.895
3y 2.4 3.1 3.3 0.9 0.127 0.2 0.753
4-5y 2.4 2.5 4.3 1.9 0.001 1.8 0.003
Region
NCR 4.1 6.2 6.5 2.4 0.005 0.3 0.741
CAR 4.9 5.3 6.1 1.2 0.369 0.8 0.552
I. Ilocos 3.5 6.3 5.4 1.9 0.044 -0.9 0.440
II. Cagayan Valley 3.4 3.2 5.7 2.3 0.035 2.5 0.026
III. Central Luzon 5.1 5.1 6.2 1.1 0.229 1.1 0.250
IV-A. CALABARZON 3.9 5.9 6.6 2.7 0.001 0.7 0.439
IV-B. MIMAROPA 2.5 3.4 5.5 3.0 0.004 2.1 0.073
V. Bicol 1.6 3.4 3.8 2.2 0.001 0.4 0.627
VI. Western Visayas 3.1 3.5 4.6 1.5 0.086 1.1 0.235
VII. Central Visayas 2.2 2.6 3.6 1.4 0.056 1.0 0.202
VIII. Eastern Visayas 1.8 3.4 3.2 1.4 0.048 -0.2 0.809
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 2.0 4.4 2.6 0.6 0.462 -1.8 0.082
X. Northern Mindanao 2.2 2.4 4.8 2.6 0.004 2.4 0.009
XI. Davao 2.0 3.1 3.4 1.4 0.088 0.3 0.754
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 2.2 2.4 3.5 1.3 0.117 1.1 0.194
ARMM 5.9 3.9 3.9 -2.0 0.075 0.0 1.000
Caraga 2.0 1.9 3.7 1.7 0.049 1.8 0.039
Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
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Appendix 11. Estimates of the proportion of underweight among children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61–120
months), using WHO-CGS weight-for-age, standard error, confidence interval, and
coefficient of variation by region and province: Philippines, 2013 (n=16,387)
Region/ Province %
Underweight
Standard
Error
95 % Confidence Interval CV %
LL UL
Philippines 29.1 0.45 28.2 29.9 1.5
NCR 20.5 1.34 17.9 23.1 6.5
District I 21.4 3.87 13.9 29.0 18.1
District II 16.3 1.84 12.7 19.9 11.3
District III 22.7 2.47 17.9 27.6 10.9
District IV 23.7 3.02 17.8 29.7 12.7
CAR 19.7 2.24 15.3 24.1 11.4
Abra 33.8 6.25 21.6 46.1 18.5
Apayao 34.3 11.82 11.1 57.5 34.5
Benguet 8.2 1.89 4.5 11.9 23.1
Ifugao 15.0 7.67 0.0 30.1 51.1
Kalinga 30.7 5.58 19.7 41.6 18.2
Mountain Province 18.6 4.96 8.9 28.3 26.6
I. Ilocos Region 25.8 1.43 23.0 28.6 5.6
Ilocos Norte 20.2 3.79 12.7 27.6 18.8
Ilocos Sur 15.9 4.14 7.7 24.0 26.1
La Union 25.6 3.51 18.8 32.5 13.7
Pangasinan 29.6 1.93 25.8 33.4 6.5
II. Cagayan Valley 23.7 2.18 19.4 27.9 9.2
Cagayan 21.5 2.85 15.9 27.1 13.3
Isabela 27.5 3.84 19.9 35.0 14.0
Nueva Vizcaya 22.0 4.86 12.5 31.6 22.1
Quirino 10.7 6.12 -1.3 22.7 57.4
III. Central Luzon 26.4 1.29 23.9 29.0 4.9
Aurora 36.6 6.74 23.4 49.8 18.4
Bataan 21.2 7.39 6.7 35.7 34.8
Bulacan 24.7 2.46 19.8 29.5 10.0
Nueva Ecija 30.4 2.63 25.2 35.5 8.6
Pampanga 22.9 2.55 17.9 27.9 11.1
Tarlac 28.8 4.03 20.9 36.7 14.0
Zambales 31.8 4.48 23.0 40.6 14.1
IV-A. CALABARZON 25.2 1.43 22.4 28.0 5.7
Batangas 22.4 3.79 15.0 29.8 16.9
Cavite 20.1 2.64 14.9 25.3 13.1
Laguna 21.6 2.58 16.5 26.6 11.9
Quezon 35.9 2.97 30.0 41.7 8.3
Rizal 25.5 4.11 17.4 33.5 16.1
IV-B. MIMAROPA 40.0 2.71 34.7 45.3 6.8
Marinduque 31.4 7.35 17.0 45.8 23.4
Occidental Mindoro 44.0 6.38 31.5 56.5 14.5
Oriental Mindoro 36.9 5.36 26.4 47.5 14.5
Palawan 42.5 4.37 33.9 51.1 10.3
Romblon 42.6 8.06 26.8 58.4 18.9
V. Bicol Region 38.5 1.50 35.6 41.5 3.9
Albay 32.2 2.84 26.6 37.7 8.8
Camarines Norte 46.0 4.80 36.5 55.4 10.4
Camarines Sur 37.6 3.01 31.7 43.5 8.0
Catanduanes 33.3 5.45 22.7 44.0 16.3
Masbate 48.0 3.67 40.8 55.2 7.6
Sorsogon 35.5 3.26 29.1 41.9 9.2
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Continued… Appendix 11
Region/ Province %
Underweight
Standard
Error
95 % Confidence Interval CV %
LL UL
VI. Western Visayas 34.6 1.76 31.2 38.1 5.1
Aklan 37.3 7.41 22.8 51.9 19.9
Antique 39.9 6.81 26.5 53.2 17.1
Capiz 37.0 5.94 25.3 48.6 16.1
Guimaras 20.0 5.66 8.9 31.1 28.4
Iloilo 31.4 3.31 24.9 37.9 10.6
Negros Occidental 36.3 2.42 31.6 41.1 6.7
VII. Central Visayas 31.1 1.80 27.6 34.6 5.8
Bohol 34.4 4.04 26.5 42.3 11.7
Cebu 31.1 2.50 26.2 36.0 8.0
Negros Oriental 29.5 3.20 23.2 35.8 10.9
Siquijor 15.8 4.31 7.4 24.3 27.3
VIII. Eastern Visayas 38.5 2.05 34.5 42.5 5.3
Biliran 47.6 6.56 34.7 60.4 13.8
Eastern Samar 33.2 4.78 23.8 42.5 14.4
Leyte 35.7 3.60 28.7 42.8 10.1
Northern Samar 45.4 5.59 34.4 56.4 12.3
Southern Leyte 35.3 7.05 21.5 49.1 20.0
Western Samar 39.5 4.09 31.5 47.5 10.4
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 35.1 2.03 31.1 39.1 5.8
Zamboanga del Norte 36.2 4.69 27.0 45.4 13.0
Zamboanga del Sur 34.0 2.22 29.6 38.3 6.5
Zamboanga Sibugay 38.4 4.71 29.1 47.6 12.3
X. Northern Mindanao 28.5 1.67 25.3 31.8 5.9
Bukidnon 35.9 3.30 29.5 42.4 9.2
Camiguin 15.3 9.28 -2.9 33.5 60.8
Lanao del Norte 24.8 2.29 20.3 29.3 9.3
Misamis Occidental 29.7 4.41 21.0 38.3 14.9
Misamis Oriental 25.6 3.63 18.5 32.7 14.2
XI. Davao Region 31.0 2.06 26.9 35.0 6.6
Compostela Valley 26.9 4.58 17.9 35.9 17.0
Davao del Norte 29.5 4.02 21.6 37.4 13.7
Davao del Sur 30.0 2.93 24.3 35.7 9.8
Davao Oriental 41.0 6.50 28.2 53.7 15.9
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 32.2 1.94 28.4 36.0 6.0
North Cotabato 28.5 3.25 22.1 34.9 11.4
Sarangani 40.4 5.79 29.1 51.8 14.3
South Cotabato 29.2 3.04 23.2 35.1 10.4
Sultan Kudarat 39.5 4.68 30.3 48.7 11.9
ARMM 30.9 2.08 26.9 35.0 6.7
Basilan 29.7 6.49 16.9 42.4 21.9
Lanao del Sur 25.1 3.77 17.7 32.5 15.0
Maguindanao 30.6 3.04 24.7 36.6 9.9
Sulu 31.1 4.98 21.3 40.9 16.0
Tawi-Tawi 43.8 5.34 33.3 54.2 12.2
Caraga 26.4 1.86 22.7 30.0 7.0
Agusan del Norte 22.1 3.28 15.7 28.5 14.8
Agusan del Sur 27.1 3.29 20.7 33.6 12.1
Surigao del Norte 24.8 4.26 16.5 33.2 17.2
Surigao del Sur 30.9 3.84 23.3 38.4 12.4
Note: Prevalence’s between provinces are significantly different if the Confidence Interval (CI’s) do not overlap from each other.
CV’s that are <20 are acceptable estimates for the province.
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV-Makati, Pateros, Taguig, Las Piñas, Muntinlupa, Parañaque, Pasay
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Appendix 12. Differences of estimates of underweight children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months), by
age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
Underweight
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs. 2008 2013 vs. 2011
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Sex/Age Group
All 32.4 32.0 29.1 -3.3 0.000 -2.9 0.000
5y 27.6 27.8 25.7 -1.9 0.085 -2.1 0.059
6y 31.1 29.5 25.7 -5.4 0.000 -3.8 0.000
7y 33.4 33.8 29.1 -4.3 0.000 -4.7 0.000
8y 35.1 31.9 31.4 -3.7 0.001 -0.5 0.640
9-10y 34.5 36.3 32.4 -2.1 0.043 -3.9 0.000
Male 34.1 34.1 31.1 -3.0 0.000 -3.0 0.000
5y 27.1 26.7 26.4 -0.7 0.648 -0.3 0.848
6y 33.9 32.0 27.4 -6.5 0.000 -4.6 0.002
7y 36.7 37.8 32.7 -4.0 0.011 -5.1 0.001
8y 37.9 35.2 35.0 -2.9 0.058 -0.2 0.896
9-10y 35.0 37.2 33.2 -1.8 0.216 -4.0 0.006
Female 30.5 29.9 26.8 -3.7 0.000 -3.1 0.000
5y 28.2 28.8 24.9 -3.3 0.037 -3.9 0.014
6y 27.9 26.9 23.9 -4.0 0.009 -3.0 0.046
7y 29.9 29.3 25.4 -4.5 0.003 -3.9 0.011
8y 32.0 28.4 27.6 -4.4 0.004 -0.8 0.591
9-10y 34.0 35.4 31.4 -2.6 0.080 -4.0 0.008
Region
NCR 25.4 25.8 20.5 -4.9 0.001 -5.3 0.000
CAR 19.9 17.9 19.7 -0.2 0.927 1.8 0.388
I. Ilocos 31.5 29.8 25.8 -5.7 0.004 -4.0 0.046
II. Cagayan Valley 25.6 26.9 23.7 -1.9 0.389 -3.2 0.160
III. Central Luzon 24.9 25.2 26.4 1.5 0.357 1.2 0.479
IV-A. CALABARZON 30.0 27.1 25.2 -4.8 0.002 -1.9 0.214
IV-B. MIMAROPA 40.9 40.4 40.0 -0.9 0.706 -0.4 0.869
V. Bicol 41.7 39.6 38.5 -3.2 0.093 -1.1 0.566
VI. Western Visayas 40.2 40.4 34.6 -5.6 0.005 -5.8 0.005
VII. Central Visayas 31.8 36.6 31.1 -0.7 0.712 -5.5 0.005
VIII. Eastern Visayas 38.2 37.8 38.5 0.3 0.881 0.7 0.731
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 38.8 34.6 35.1 -3.7 0.113 0.5 0.828
X. Northern Mindanao 32.7 32.8 28.5 -4.2 0.050 -4.3 0.045
XI. Davao 33.7 32.4 31.0 -2.7 0.219 -1.4 0.534
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 34.4 36.2 32.2 -2.2 0.309 -4.0 0.064
ARMM 33.3 37.0 30.9 -2.4 0.271 -6.1 0.003
Caraga 32.5 34.6 26.4 -6.1 0.007 -8.2 0.000
Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
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Appendix 13. Estimates of the proportion of underheight among children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61–120
months), using WHO-CGS height-for-age, standard error, confidence interval, and
coefficient of variation by region and province: Philippines, 2013 (n=16,354)
Region/ Province % Stunting Standard
Error
95 % Confidence Interval CV %
LL UL
Philippines 29.9 0.46 29.0 30.7 1.5
NCR 18.8 1.27 16.3 21.3 6.8
District I 19.6 3.56 12.7 26.6 18.1
District II 17.0 2.25 12.6 21.4 13.3
District III 21.2 2.40 16.5 25.9 11.3
District IV 18.8 2.35 14.2 23.4 12.5
CAR 29.9 2.70 24.6 35.2 9.0
Abra 36.6 7.18 22.5 50.6 19.6
Apayao 39.0 8.62 22.1 55.9 22.1
Benguet 18.4 3.42 11.7 25.2 18.6
Ifugao 26.1 7.46 11.4 40.7 28.6
Kalinga 44.4 6.11 32.4 56.4 13.8
Mountain Province 40.2 7.61 25.3 55.1 18.9
I. Ilocos Region 26.0 1.60 22.9 29.2 6.1
Ilocos Norte 21.0 5.14 10.9 31.1 24.5
Ilocos Sur 26.0 5.11 16.0 36.0 19.7
La Union 24.5 3.95 16.7 32.2 16.2
Pangasinan 27.5 1.91 23.7 31.2 6.9
II. Cagayan Valley 23.0 1.99 19.1 26.9 8.7
Cagayan 22.1 3.38 15.4 28.7 15.3
Isabela 22.1 3.12 16.0 28.2 14.1
Nueva Vizcaya 26.3 3.97 18.6 34.1 15.1
Quirino 27.0 9.40 8.5 45.4 34.8
III. Central Luzon 20.4 1.19 18.0 22.7 5.8
Aurora 29.2 5.03 19.3 39.1 17.2
Bataan 12.7 4.78 3.3 22.0 37.7
Bulacan 19.5 2.03 15.5 23.4 10.4
Nueva Ecija 21.5 3.09 15.5 27.6 14.4
Pampanga 17.2 2.12 13.1 21.4 12.3
Tarlac 22.3 4.05 14.3 30.2 18.2
Zambales 31.8 4.41 23.2 40.5 13.9
IV-A. CALABARZON 22.9 1.31 20.3 25.4 5.7
Batangas 17.9 3.23 11.5 24.2 18.0
Cavite 18.8 2.47 13.9 23.6 13.2
Laguna 20.8 2.30 16.3 25.3 11.1
Quezon 33.9 2.81 28.4 39.4 8.3
Rizal 21.9 3.69 14.6 29.1 16.9
IV-B. MIMAROPA 37.8 2.40 33.1 42.5 6.4
Marinduque 40.4 6.78 27.0 53.7 16.8
Occidental Mindoro 45.0 5.48 34.2 55.7 12.2
Oriental Mindoro 34.5 4.80 25.1 43.9 13.9
Palawan 36.0 4.19 27.8 44.2 11.6
Romblon 37.1 4.90 27.5 46.8 13.2
V. Bicol Region 40.1 1.70 36.8 43.5 4.2
Albay 41.4 3.74 34.0 48.7 9.0
Camarines Norte 42.1 7.03 28.3 55.9 16.7
Camarines Sur 36.6 3.11 30.6 42.7 8.5
Catanduanes 33.4 5.44 22.7 44.1 16.3
Masbate 50.0 4.03 42.1 57.9 8.1
Sorsogon 35.4 3.90 27.8 43.1 11.0
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Continued… Appendix 13
Region/ Province % Stunting Standard
Error
95 % Confidence Interval CV %
LL UL
VI. Western Visayas 33.4 1.75 29.9 36.8 5.3
Aklan 30.6 6.82 17.2 44.0 22.3
Antique 30.8 5.85 19.3 42.2 19.0
Capiz 37.6 5.01 27.8 47.5 13.3
Guimaras 20.0 5.66 8.9 31.1 28.4
Iloilo 31.8 3.39 25.1 38.4 10.7
Negros Occidental 35.1 2.53 30.1 40.1 7.2
VII. Central Visayas 33.4 1.96 29.5 37.2 5.9
Bohol 35.9 3.28 29.5 42.4 9.1
Cebu 33.8 2.89 28.1 39.4 8.5
Negros Oriental 32.2 3.36 25.6 38.8 10.4
Siquijor 5.3 4.53 -3.6 14.2 85.5
VIII. Eastern Visayas 41.7 2.16 37.5 46.0 5.2
Biliran 50.0 8.40 33.5 66.4 16.8
Eastern Samar 32.1 4.46 23.4 40.9 13.9
Leyte 41.8 3.79 34.3 49.2 9.1
Northern Samar 44.9 5.98 33.2 56.7 13.3
Southern Leyte 32.0 7.39 17.5 46.5 23.1
Western Samar 45.6 3.73 38.2 52.9 8.2
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 44.3 2.08 40.2 48.4 4.7
Zamboanga del Norte 47.1 3.93 39.4 54.8 8.4
Zamboanga del Sur 44.6 2.83 39.0 50.1 6.4
Zamboanga Sibugay 41.5 5.08 31.5 51.4 12.3
X. Northern Mindanao 32.9 1.94 29.1 36.7 5.9
Bukidnon 41.3 4.24 33.0 49.6 10.3
Camiguin 19.1 7.69 4.0 34.2 40.2
Lanao del Norte 27.9 3.38 21.3 34.6 12.1
Misamis Occidental 32.6 4.14 24.4 40.7 12.7
Misamis Oriental 30.7 3.94 23.0 38.4 12.8
XI. Davao Region 34.5 2.12 30.4 38.7 6.1
Compostela Valley 38.1 5.43 27.4 48.7 14.3
Davao del Norte 31.4 5.37 20.8 41.9 17.1
Davao del Sur 31.2 2.80 25.8 36.7 8.9
Davao Oriental 47.9 5.19 37.7 58.1 10.8
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 38.8 2.10 34.6 42.9 5.4
North Cotabato 34.9 4.08 26.9 42.9 11.7
Sarangani 39.7 5.56 28.8 50.6 14.0
South Cotabato 38.4 3.03 32.5 44.4 7.9
Sultan Kudarat 46.1 5.26 35.7 56.4 11.4
ARMM 38.8 2.19 34.5 43.1 5.7
Basilan 41.1 10.23 21.0 61.1 24.9
Lanao del Sur 41.5 4.11 33.4 49.5 9.9
Maguindanao 36.3 3.00 30.4 42.2 8.3
Sulu 36.9 4.92 27.3 46.6 13.3
Tawi-Tawi 35.4 5.44 24.8 46.1 15.4
Caraga 34.4 1.79 30.9 37.9 5.2
Agusan del Norte 32.7 3.58 25.7 39.8 10.9
Agusan del Sur 38.7 3.48 31.9 45.5 9.0
Surigao del Norte 28.3 3.59 21.3 35.4 12.7
Surigao del Sur 36.9 3.44 30.1 43.6 9.3
Note: Prevalences between provinces are significantly different if the Confidence Intervals (CIs) do not overlap from each other.
CVs that are <20 are acceptable estimates for the province.
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV-Makati, Pateros, Taguig, Las Piñas, Muntinlupa, Parañaque, Pasay
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Appendix 14. Differences of estimates of stunted children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months), by age,
gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
Stunting
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs. 2008 2013 vs. 2011
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Sex/Age Group
All 33.9 33.6 29.9 -4.0 0.000 -3.7 0.000
5y 34.0 33.5 30.0 -4.0 0.001 -3.5 0.003
6y 33.5 32.7 28.8 -4.7 0.000 -3.9 0.000
7y 33.8 33.4 28.4 -5.4 0.000 -5.0 0.000
8y 34.1 31.9 30.4 -3.7 0.001 -1.5 0.159
9-10y 34.1 36.5 31.3 -2.8 0.007 -5.2 0.000
Male 35.8 35.8 31.5 -4.3 0.000 -4.3 0.000
5y 35.6 35.2 32.7 -2.9 0.079 -2.5 0.137
6y 36.7 35.1 30.7 -6.0 0.000 -4.4 0.005
7y 36.9 36.2 30.6 -6.3 0.000 -5.6 0.000
8y 36.0 34.9 32.5 -3.5 0.020 -2.4 0.112
9-10y 33.9 37.0 31.1 -2.8 0.052 -5.9 0.000
Female 31.9 31.4 28.1 -3.8 0.000 -3.3 0.000
5y 32.3 31.9 27.2 -5.1 0.002 -4.7 0.004
6y 29.9 30.2 26.8 -3.1 0.049 -3.4 0.029
7y 30.5 30.1 26.2 -4.3 0.005 -3.9 0.011
8y 32.1 28.6 28.2 -3.9 0.010 -0.4 0.789
9-10y 34.3 36.0 31.5 -2.8 0.060 -4.5 0.003
Region
NCR 23.5 25.6 18.8 -4.7 0.001 -6.8 0.000
CAR 28.9 32.3 29.9 1.0 0.689 -2.4 0.334
I. Ilocos 29.3 28.1 26.0 -3.3 0.092 -2.1 0.292
II. Cagayan Valley 26.3 27.6 23.0 -3.3 0.136 -4.6 0.044
III. Central Luzon 23.6 22.2 20.4 -3.2 0.040 -1.8 0.257
IV-A. CALABARZON 27.0 26.2 22.9 -4.1 0.006 -3.3 0.028
IV-B. MIMAROPA 41.0 40.3 37.8 -3.2 0.179 -2.5 0.301
V. Bicol 40.0 36.6 40.1 0.1 0.958 3.5 0.067
VI. Western Visayas 39.6 40.2 33.4 -6.2 0.002 -6.8 0.001
VII. Central Visayas 38.0 38.2 33.4 -4.6 0.019 -4.8 0.016
VIII. Eastern Visayas 47.1 42.2 41.7 -5.4 0.009 -0.5 0.810
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 44.3 43.5 44.3 0.0 1.000 0.8 0.739
X. Northern Mindanao 38.7 40.3 32.9 -5.8 0.009 -7.4 0.001
XI. Davao 40.7 40.3 34.5 -6.2 0.006 -5.8 0.013
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 40.6 41.5 38.8 -1.8 0.423 -2.7 0.225
ARMM 38.4 41.8 38.8 0.4 0.860 -3.0 0.162
Caraga 39.8 37.8 34.4 -5.4 0.025 -3.4 0.142
Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
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Appendix 15. Estimates of the proportion of thinness among children, 5.08-10.0 years old (61–120
months), using WHO-Growth Reference BMI-for-age, standard error, confidence interval,
and coefficient of variation by region and province: Philippines, 2013 (n=16,352)
Region/ Province % Wasting Standard
Error
95 % Confidence Interval CV %
LL UL
Philippines 8.6 0.25 8.1 9.1 2.9
NCR 7.9 0.82 6.3 9.5 10.4
District I 5.4 1.78 1.9 8.9 32.8
District II 6.2 1.02 4.2 8.2 16.4
District III 8.9 1.67 5.7 12.2 18.7
District IV 10.6 2.08 6.5 14.7 19.6
CAR 4.3 0.81 2.7 5.9 18.8
Abra 7.1 2.46 2.2 11.9 34.9
Apayao 4.9 3.09 -1.1 11.0 62.6
Benguet 4.3 1.27 1.8 6.8 29.4
Ifugao 0.0 - - - -
Kalinga 3.4 1.12 1.2 5.6 33.4
Mountain Province 4.6 3.53 -2.3 11.6 76.2
I. Ilocos Region 9.8 1.06 7.8 11.9 10.8
Ilocos Norte 8.3 3.06 2.3 14.4 36.7
Ilocos Sur 4.6 1.61 1.4 7.7 35.0
La Union 10.9 2.99 5.1 16.8 27.4
Pangasinan 11.3 1.48 8.4 14.2 13.1
II. Cagayan Valley 7.9 0.95 6.1 9.8 12.0
Cagayan 7.2 1.57 4.1 10.2 22.0
Isabela 8.2 1.39 5.5 10.9 17.0
Nueva Vizcaya 8.9 2.45 4.1 13.7 27.4
Quirino 7.8 5.08 -2.2 17.8 65.1
III. Central Luzon 11.6 0.83 10.0 13.3 7.2
Aurora 6.9 3.00 1.0 12.8 43.4
Bataan 13.8 4.20 5.6 22.1 30.4
Bulacan 10.7 1.53 7.7 13.7 14.4
Nueva Ecija 12.8 2.09 8.7 16.9 16.4
Pampanga 9.1 1.45 6.2 11.9 16.0
Tarlac 13.7 2.46 8.8 18.5 18.1
Zambales 17.1 3.64 10.0 24.2 21.2
IV-A. CALABARZON 9.2 0.78 7.7 10.7 8.4
Batangas 11.2 2.16 6.9 15.4 19.3
Cavite 5.3 1.48 2.4 8.2 28.2
Laguna 10.5 1.86 6.9 14.2 17.6
Quezon 12.9 1.86 9.2 16.5 14.4
Rizal 7.0 1.34 4.4 9.7 19.1
IV-B. MIMAROPA 12.6 1.54 9.5 15.6 12.3
Marinduque 3.0 2.24 -1.4 7.4 75.0
Occidental Mindoro 14.3 3.55 7.4 21.3 24.8
Oriental Mindoro 12.1 2.54 7.1 17.1 21.0
Palawan 15.9 3.37 9.3 22.5 21.1
Romblon 9.3 3.55 2.3 16.2 38.3
V. Bicol Region 10.6 0.85 9.0 12.3 8.0
Albay 9.0 1.97 5.1 12.9 21.9
Camarines Norte 13.8 1.92 10.0 17.5 13.9
Camarines Sur 11.1 1.62 8.0 14.3 14.5
Catanduanes 4.2 3.95 -3.5 11.9 94.1
Masbate 8.8 1.63 5.6 12.0 18.5
Sorsogon 13.4 2.13 9.2 17.5 16.0
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Continued… Appendix 15
Region/ Province %
Wasting
Standard
Error
95 % Confidence Interval CV %
LL UL
VI. Western Visayas 10.6 1.12 8.4 12.8 10.6
Aklan 6.7 3.13 0.5 12.8 46.9
Antique 14.6 1.44 11.8 17.4 9.9
Capiz 12.8 3.29 6.3 19.2 25.8
Guimaras 12.0 3.64 4.8 19.1 30.4
Iloilo 8.8 1.62 5.6 11.9 18.4
Negros Occidental 11.2 2.17 6.9 15.4 19.4
VII. Central Visayas 7.5 0.86 5.8 9.2 11.4
Bohol 6.8 2.00 2.8 10.7 29.6
Cebu 8.0 1.20 5.6 10.3 15.0
Negros Oriental 7.3 1.46 4.4 10.2 19.9
Siquijor 0.0 - - - -
VIII. Eastern Visayas 7.6 0.98 5.6 9.5 13.0
Biliran 15.5 7.31 1.2 29.9 47.1
Eastern Samar 3.8 1.70 0.5 7.1 44.6
Leyte 7.2 1.35 4.6 9.9 18.7
Northern Samar 10.2 2.80 4.7 15.7 27.4
Southern Leyte 7.8 3.63 0.7 14.9 46.4
Western Samar 5.6 1.94 1.7 9.4 35.0
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 6.6 1.13 4.4 8.8 17.1
Zamboanga del Norte 6.5 2.14 2.3 10.7 33.0
Zamboanga del Sur 5.6 1.33 3.0 8.3 23.6
Zamboanga Sibugay 8.0 2.82 2.5 13.6 35.1
X. Northern Mindanao 5.1 0.84 3.5 6.8 16.5
Bukidnon 6.0 1.21 3.6 8.4 20.1
Camiguin 0 - - - -
Lanao del Norte 3.9 1.31 1.3 6.5 33.7
Misamis Occidental 7.4 3.56 0.4 14.4 48.2
Misamis Oriental 4.6 1.38 1.9 7.3 29.8
XI. Davao Region 6.9 1.25 4.4 9.3 18.3
Compostela Valley 4.1 2.17 -0.2 8.3 53.3
Davao del Norte 6.3 2.39 1.6 11.0 37.9
Davao del Sur 8.4 1.98 4.6 12.3 23.5
Davao Oriental 4.6 2.67 -0.7 9.8 58.5
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 6.0 0.97 4.1 7.9 16.0
North Cotabato 5.1 1.77 1.6 8.6 34.7
Sarangani 10.0 4.24 1.6 18.3 42.6
South Cotabato 6.0 1.28 3.5 8.5 21.3
Sultan Kudarat 4.7 1.39 2.0 7.5 29.5
ARMM 7.3 1.18 5.0 9.6 16.2
Basilan 9.9 6.14 -2.2 21.9 62.2
Lanao del Sur 3.7 1.14 1.4 5.9 31.1
Maguindanao 8.5 1.99 4.5 12.4 23.6
Sulu 8.7 2.62 3.5 13.8 30.3
Tawi-Tawi 11.4 4.80 2.0 20.9 42.0
Caraga 6.6 0.90 4.9 8.4 13.6
Agusan del Norte 4.9 1.67 1.6 8.2 34.2
Agusan del Sur 4.3 1.78 0.9 7.8 41.0
Surigao del Norte 7.8 1.89 4.1 11.6 24.1
Surigao del Sur 9.4 1.80 5.9 12.9 19.2
Note: Prevalences between provinces are significantly different if the Confidence Intervals (CIs) do not overlap from each other.
CVs that are <20 are acceptable estimates for the province.
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV-Makati, Pateros, Taguig, Las Piñas, Muntinlupa, Parañaque, Pasay
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Appendix 16. Differences of estimates of thin/wasted children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months), by age,
gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
Wasting
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs. 2008 2013 vs. 2011
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Sex/Age Group
All 8.1 8.5 8.6 0.5 0.084 0.1 0.733
5y 5.0 5.6 5.0 0.0 1.000 -0.6 0.288
6y 7.4 7.7 6.3 -1.1 0.072 -1.4 0.022
7y 7.8 8.5 9.4 1.6 0.015 0.9 0.182
8y 9.0 9.4 9.6 0.6 0.364 0.2 0.767
9-10y 11.1 10.8 11.7 0.6 0.391 0.9 0.197
Male 8.6 8.8 9.4 0.8 0.054 0.6 0.152
5y 5.6 5.6 5.3 -0.3 0.704 -0.3 0.710
6y 7.8 7.8 6.7 -1.1 0.205 -1.1 0.200
7y 8.3 9.3 10.4 2.1 0.027 1.1 0.260
8y 9.3 9.6 10.7 1.4 0.139 1.1 0.253
9-10y 12.0 11.2 12.8 0.8 0.428 1.6 0.107
Female 7.6 8.1 7.8 0.2 0.618 -0.3 0.464
5y 4.5 5.7 4.7 0.2 0.790 -1.0 0.210
6y 7.0 7.5 5.9 -1.1 0.200 -1.6 0.065
7y 7.2 7.5 8.4 1.2 0.182 0.9 0.329
8y 8.6 9.2 8.5 -0.1 0.913 -0.7 0.458
9-10y 10.4 10.3 10.6 0.2 0.836 0.3 0.759
Region
NCR 8.1 8.2 7.9 -0.2 0.837 -0.3 0.751
CAR 4.5 3.0 4.3 -0.2 0.859 1.3 0.191
I. Ilocos 10.1 10.3 9.8 -0.3 0.819 -0.5 0.711
II. Cagayan Valley 7.3 9.0 7.9 0.6 0.657 -1.1 0.451
III. Central Luzon 7.7 11.0 11.6 3.9 0.000 0.6 0.625
IV-A. CALABARZON 9.8 8.6 9.2 -0.6 0.554 0.6 0.545
IV-B. MIMAROPA 11.0 11.1 12.6 1.6 0.305 1.5 0.347
V. Bicol 10.3 11.6 10.6 0.3 0.801 -1.0 0.419
VI. Western Visayas 11.3 9.8 10.6 -0.7 0.584 0.8 0.536
VII. Central Visayas 5.1 7.1 7.5 2.4 0.015 0.4 0.711
VIII. Eastern Visayas 5.9 6.1 7.6 1.7 0.099 1.5 0.156
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 7.5 5.9 6.6 -0.9 0.469 0.7 0.549
X. Northern Mindanao 5.9 7.4 5.1 -0.8 0.451 -2.3 0.042
XI. Davao 6.3 6.1 6.9 0.6 0.605 0.8 0.502
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 5.6 6.4 6.0 0.4 0.709 -0.4 0.715
ARMM 8.7 9.3 7.3 -1.4 0.271 -2.0 0.102
Caraga 5.6 7.2 6.6 1.0 0.000 -0.6 0.624
Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
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Appendix 17. Differences of estimates of overweight/obese children, 5.08-10.0 year-old (61-120 months),
by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
Disaggregation/ Variable
Overweight/Obese
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs. 2008 2013 vs. 2011
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Sex/Age Group
All 6.6 7.4 9.1 2.5 0.000 1.7 0.000
5y 7.3 7.7 7.9 0.6 0.363 0.2 0.767
6y 5.9 7.0 9.3 3.4 0.000 2.3 0.000
7y 6.2 7.3 9.4 3.2 0.000 2.1 0.001
8y 6.6 7.1 9.3 2.7 0.000 2.2 0.000
9-10y 7.2 8.4 9.4 2.2 0.000 1.0 0.112
Male 7.6 8.2 9.9 2.3 0.000 1.7 0.000
5y 8.9 8.7 8.1 -0.8 0.410 -0.6 0.542
6y 6.3 7.2 9.7 3.4 0.000 2.5 0.006
7y 7.1 7.9 10.8 3.7 0.000 2.9 0.002
8y 7.8 8.0 9.9 2.1 0.019 1.9 0.036
9-10y 7.6 9.4 10.9 3.3 0.000 1.5 0.104
Female 5.7 6.7 8.2 2.5 0.000 1.5 0.000
5y 5.5 6.7 7.7 2.2 0.013 1.0 0.277
6y 5.6 6.6 8.9 3.3 0.000 2.3 0.012
7y 5.3 6.4 8.1 2.8 0.001 1.7 0.054
8y 5.2 6.3 8.7 3.5 0.000 2.4 0.006
9-10y 6.7 7.3 7.7 1.0 0.220 0.4 0.634
Region
NCR 12.6 12.6 16.6 4.0 0.002 4.0 0.001
CAR 10.1 10.8 11.7 1.6 0.349 0.9 0.594
I. Ilocos 6.5 9.6 9.8 3.3 0.005 0.2 0.880
II. Cagayan Valley 6.5 7.1 9.2 2.7 0.047 2.1 0.139
III. Central Luzon 8.4 11.0 11.9 3.5 0.002 0.7 0.518
IV-A. CALABARZON 8.7 12.1 12.1 3.4 0.001 0.0 1.000
IV-B. MIMAROPA 3.2 4.0 5.4 2.2 0.022 1.4 0.177
V. Bicol 2.7 4.0 4.6 1.9 0.008 0.6 0.451
VI. Western Visayas 5.2 4.5 5.2 0.0 1.000 0.9 0.380
VII. Central Visayas 4.5 4.3 7.9 3.4 0.001 3.6 0.000
VIII. Eastern Visayas 4.3 4.3 4.7 0.4 0.640 0.4 0.646
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 3.4 3.4 5.1 1.7 0.078 1.7 0.079
X. Northern Mindanao 5.5 4.0 6.7 1.2 0.278 2.7 0.009
XI. Davao 5.1 6.4 5.8 0.7 0.509 -0.6 0.605
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 6.3 4.3 6.0 -0.3 0.786 1.7 0.087
ARMM 5.4 4.4 4.9 -0.5 0.629 0.5 0.584
Caraga 5.6 3.2 6.2 0.6 0.609 3.0 0.003
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Appendix 18. Estimates of the proportion of underheight among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228
months), using WHO-CGS height-for-age, standard error, confidence interval, and
coefficient of variation by region and province: Philippines, 2013 (n = 28,462)
Region/ Province % Stunting Standard
Error
95 % Confidence Interval CV %
LL UL
Philippines 31.6 0.36 30.9 32.3 1.1
NCR 22.7 0.99 20.8 24.6 4.4
District I 27.0 2.39 22.3 31.7 8.9
District II 22.8 1.83 19.2 26.3 8.0
District III 19.5 1.83 15.9 23.1 9.4
District IV 22.9 1.85 19.3 26.6 8.0
CAR 30.0 2.00 26.0 33.9 6.7
Abra 35.3 6.89 21.8 48.8 19.5
Apayao 32.8 4.15 24.7 40.9 12.6
Benguet 19.2 2.21 14.9 23.5 11.5
Ifugao 28.2 4.65 19.1 37.4 16.5
Kalinga 37.7 4.96 28.0 47.4 13.2
Mountain Province 49.3 6.29 37.0 61.6 12.8
I. Ilocos Region 26.0 1.24 23.6 28.4 4.8
Ilocos Norte 22.4 4.12 14.4 30.5 18.3
Ilocos Sur 28.3 2.37 23.6 32.9 8.4
La Union 22.3 3.24 16.0 28.7 14.5
Pangasinan 27.0 1.59 23.9 30.1 5.9
II. Cagayan Valley 24.8 1.57 21.7 27.8 6.3
Cagayan 26.0 2.53 21.1 31.0 9.7
Isabela 22.2 2.35 17.6 26.8 10.6
Nueva Vizcaya 33.8 5.39 23.2 44.4 15.9
Quirino 18.8 5.09 8.8 28.8 27.1
III. Central Luzon 22.3 1.01 20.3 24.3 4.5
Aurora 26.9 4.82 17.4 36.3 18.0
Bataan 21.2 3.30 14.8 27.7 15.5
Bulacan 20.8 1.93 17.0 24.6 9.3
Nueva Ecija 20.8 2.24 16.4 25.2 10.8
Pampanga 20.2 2.19 15.9 24.5 10.8
Tarlac 23.5 2.58 18.5 28.6 11.0
Zambales 36.1 3.62 29.0 43.2 10.0
IV-A. CALABARZON 27.1 1.03 25.1 29.1 3.8
Batangas 25.6 2.13 21.4 29.8 8.3
Cavite 23.8 2.21 19.5 28.2 9.3
Laguna 23.0 1.97 19.1 26.8 8.6
Quezon 33.4 2.50 28.5 38.3 7.5
Rizal 31.1 2.76 25.7 36.5 8.9
IV-B. MIMAROPA 36.1 1.48 33.2 39.0 4.1
Marinduque 31.6 4.16 23.4 39.7 13.2
Occidental Mindoro 41.9 3.72 34.6 49.1 8.9
Oriental Mindoro 33.1 2.88 27.5 38.8 8.7
Palawan 37.1 2.53 32.1 42.1 6.8
Romblon 37.7 4.53 28.8 46.6 12.0
V. Bicol Region 38.0 1.44 35.1 40.8 3.8
Albay 39.8 3.49 33.0 46.7 8.8
Camarines Norte 35.7 4.59 26.7 44.7 12.9
Camarines Sur 34.2 2.58 29.1 39.2 7.6
Catanduanes 27.6 3.57 20.6 34.6 12.9
Masbate 46.9 3.06 40.9 52.9 6.5
Sorsogon 37.8 3.72 30.6 45.1 9.8
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Continued… Appendix 18
Region/ Province % Stunting Standard
Error
95 % Confidence Interval CV %
LL UL
VI. Western Visayas 34.7 1.47 31.8 37.6 4.2
Aklan 29.6 4.70 20.4 38.8 15.9
Antique 35.0 5.51 24.2 45.8 15.8
Capiz 33.9 3.56 26.9 40.9 10.5
Guimaras 33.9 8.30 17.6 50.2 24.5
Iloilo 31.7 2.79 26.2 37.2 8.8
Negros Occidental 38.1 2.41 33.4 42.9 6.3
VII. Central Visayas 38.0 1.41 35.3 40.8 3.7
Bohol 37.6 3.44 30.9 44.4 9.1
Cebu 38.8 1.72 35.5 42.2 4.4
Negros Oriental 37.6 3.50 30.8 44.5 9.3
Siquijor 9.5 8.02 -6.2 25.2 84.2
VIII. Eastern Visayas 40.7 1.62 37.5 43.9 4.0
Biliran 40.6 6.45 27.9 53.3 15.9
Eastern Samar 32.6 6.02 20.8 44.4 18.5
Leyte 39.4 2.57 34.4 44.5 6.5
Northern Samar 46.8 3.95 39.1 54.6 8.4
Southern Leyte 39.4 4.60 30.3 48.4 11.7
Western Samar 42.7 3.04 36.7 48.7 7.1
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 41.5 1.77 38.1 45.0 4.3
Zamboanga del Norte 42.6 3.23 36.3 49.0 7.6
Zamboanga del Sur 41.5 2.41 36.8 46.3 5.8
Zamboanga Sibugay 44.2 4.64 35.1 53.3 10.5
X. Northern Mindanao 37.9 1.30 35.3 40.4 3.4
Bukidnon 44.0 2.83 38.4 49.5 6.4
Camiguin 35.0 4.75 25.7 44.4 13.5
Lanao del Norte 35.4 2.37 30.7 40.0 6.7
Misamis Occidental 40.7 2.71 35.4 46.0 6.7
Misamis Oriental 34.0 2.46 29.2 38.8 7.2
XI. Davao Region 34.4 1.77 30.9 37.9 5.1
Compostela Valley 37.3 5.86 25.8 48.8 15.7
Davao del Norte 34.5 4.34 26.0 43.0 12.6
Davao del Sur 32.2 2.15 28.0 36.4 6.7
Davao Oriental 40.6 4.65 31.5 49.7 11.5
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 41.9 1.75 38.5 45.3 4.2
North Cotabato 39.3 2.36 34.6 43.9 6.0
Sarangani 41.0 5.32 30.6 51.5 13.0
South Cotabato 43.3 2.99 37.5 49.2 6.9
Sultan Kudarat 45.2 4.78 35.8 54.6 10.6
ARMM 42.6 2.06 38.5 46.6 4.8
Basilan 36.8 5.46 26.1 47.5 14.8
Lanao del Sur 48.3 3.47 41.5 55.1 7.2
Maguindanao 48.8 3.88 41.2 56.4 7.9
Sulu 31.0 5.32 20.5 41.4 17.2
Tawi-Tawi 31.8 4.57 22.8 40.7 14.4
Caraga 39.1 1.84 35.5 42.7 4.7
Agusan del Norte 34.7 3.67 27.5 41.9 10.6
Agusan del Sur 43.9 3.37 37.3 50.5 7.7
Surigao del Norte 37.4 4.43 28.7 46.1 11.8
Surigao del Sur 41.1 3.16 34.9 47.3 7.7
Note: Prevalences between provinces are significantly different if the Confidence Intervals (CIs) do not overlap from each other.
CVs that are <20 are acceptable estimates for the province.
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV-Makati, Pateros, Taguig, Las Piñas, Muntinlupa, Parañaque, Pasay
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Appendix 19. Differences of estimates of stunted children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months), by age,
gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
Stunting
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs. 2008 2013 vs. 2011
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Sex/Age Group
All 35.6 35.7 31.6 -4.0 0.000 -4.1 0.000
10-12y 36.6 37.0 32.3 -4.3 0.000 -4.7 0.000
13-15y 33.7 33.2 29.9 -3.8 0.000 -3.3 0.000
16-19y 36.9 37.2 32.9 -4.0 0.000 -4.3 0.000
Male 38.1 37.8 34.0 -4.1 0.000 -3.8 0.000
10-12y 38.9 38.5 34.6 -4.3 0.000 -3.9 0.000
13-15y 36.4 36.0 32.1 -4.3 0.000 -3.9 0.000
16-19y 39.2 39.2 35.7 -3.5 0.001 -3.5 0.001
Female 33.0 33.4 29.1 -3.9 0.000 -4.3 0.000
10-12y 34.1 35.2 30.0 -4.1 0.000 -5.2 0.000
13-15y 30.9 30.4 27.6 -3.3 0.000 -2.8 0.001
16-19y 34.1 34.9 29.9 -4.2 0.000 -5.0 0.000
Region
NCR 27.3 28.1 22.7 -4.6 0.000 -5.4 0.000
CAR 34.2 35.6 30.0 -4.2 0.038 -5.6 0.006
I. Ilocos 28.1 25.0 26.0 -2.1 0.151 1.0 0.481
II. Cagayan Valley 30.1 27.8 24.8 -5.3 0.001 -3.0 0.067
III. Central Luzon 25.0 23.2 22.3 -2.7 0.028 -0.9 0.449
IV-A. CALABARZON 28.8 28.4 27.1 -1.7 0.160 -1.3 0.272
IV-B. MIMAROPA 36.2 38.6 36.1 -0.1 0.953 -2.5 0.158
V. Bicol 38.6 39.3 38.0 -0.6 0.657 -1.3 0.368
VI. Western Visayas 40.9 43.0 34.7 -6.2 0.000 -8.3 0.000
VII. Central Visayas 40.5 41.3 38.0 -2.5 0.106 -3.3 0.030
VIII. Eastern Visayas 45.8 45.3 40.7 -5.1 0.002 -4.6 0.004
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 42.9 45.2 41.5 -1.4 0.467 -3.7 0.056
X. Northern Mindanao 42.9 45.6 37.9 -5.0 0.005 -7.7 0.000
XI. Davao 40.7 41.8 34.4 -6.3 0.001 -7.4 0.000
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 46.2 45.5 41.9 -4.3 0.014 -3.6 0.044
ARMM 48.2 45.8 42.6 -5.6 0.009 -3.2 0.108
Caraga 42.8 43.2 39.1 -3.7 0.058 -4.1 0.030
Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
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Appendix 20. Estimates of the proportion of thinness among children, 10.08-19.0 years old (121-228
months), using WHO-Growth Reference BMI-for-age, standard error, confidence interval,
and coefficient of variation by region and province: Philippines, 2013 (n =28,453)
Region/ Province % Wasting Standard
Error
95 % Confidence
Interval CV %
LL UL
Philippines 12.4 0.25 11.9 12.9 2.0
NCR 12.7 1.02 10.7 14.7 8.0
District I 10.1 1.52 7.1 13.1 15.0
District II 12.3 1.50 9.4 15.2 12.2
District III 11.3 1.38 8.6 14.0 12.2
District IV 15.6 2.65 10.4 20.8 17.0
CAR 6.0 0.76 4.5 7.5 12.7
Abra 9.4 1.67 6.1 12.7 17.7
Apayao 6.3 3.60 -0.7 13.4 56.9
Benguet 5.6 1.19 3.2 7.9 21.3
Ifugao 2.8 1.66 -0.5 6.0 60.1
Kalinga 5.6 1.82 2.0 9.2 32.5
Mountain Province 5.8 2.81 0.3 11.3 48.3
I. Ilocos Region 12.8 0.85 11.1 14.4 6.6
Ilocos Norte 8.9 1.95 5.1 12.8 21.8
Ilocos Sur 7.3 1.80 3.8 10.9 24.7
La Union 12.8 2.16 8.5 17.0 16.9
Pangasinan 14.4 1.16 12.1 16.7 8.0
II. Cagayan Valley 11.0 0.90 9.2 12.8 8.2
Cagayan 11.0 1.39 8.2 13.7 12.7
Isabela 13.4 1.55 10.3 16.4 11.6
Nueva Vizcaya 4.7 0.92 2.9 6.5 19.6
Quirino 5.9 3.30 -0.6 12.3 56.3
III. Central Luzon 14.4 0.77 12.9 15.9 5.3
Aurora 14.6 6.74 1.4 27.8 46.0
Bataan 7.2 2.11 3.0 11.3 29.4
Bulacan 15.3 1.26 12.8 17.8 8.2
Nueva Ecija 13.4 1.64 10.2 16.7 12.2
Pampanga 14.3 1.91 10.5 18.0 13.4
Tarlac 12.1 1.72 8.8 15.5 14.2
Zambales 23.7 3.25 17.4 30.1 13.7
IV-A. CALABARZON 15.4 0.82 13.8 17.1 5.3
Batangas 13.4 1.73 10.0 16.8 12.9
Cavite 14.7 1.34 12.1 17.3 9.1
Laguna 15.1 1.77 11.6 18.6 11.8
Quezon 15.7 1.98 11.8 19.6 12.6
Rizal 18.7 2.41 13.9 23.4 12.9
IV-B. MIMAROPA 16.2 1.18 13.9 18.5 7.3
Marinduque 14.4 2.54 9.4 19.4 17.7
Occidental Mindoro 18.0 2.24 13.6 22.4 12.4
Oriental Mindoro 12.2 1.79 8.6 15.7 14.8
Palawan 19.8 2.75 14.4 25.2 13.9
Romblon 16.6 3.37 10.0 23.2 20.3
V. Bicol Region 13.9 0.93 12.1 15.7 6.7
Albay 12.3 2.16 8.1 16.6 17.5
Camarines Norte 16.2 3.87 8.6 23.7 23.9
Camarines Sur 11.9 1.32 9.3 14.5 11.1
Catanduanes 10.8 1.91 7.1 14.6 17.6
Masbate 12.2 1.75 8.7 15.6 14.4
Sorsogon 20.3 2.82 14.8 25.9 13.9
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Continued… Appendix 20
Region/ Province % Wasting Standard
Error
95 % Confidence
Interval CV %
LL UL
VI. Western Visayas 14.6 0.95 12.7 16.4 6.5
Aklan 14.0 2.11 9.8 18.1 15.1
Antique 13.7 3.15 7.6 19.9 22.9
Capiz 9.1 1.99 5.2 13.0 22.0
Guimaras 14.1 1.67 10.8 17.4 11.9
Iloilo 15.9 1.86 12.2 19.5 11.8
Negros Occidental 15.9 1.68 12.6 19.2 10.6
VII. Central Visayas 11.9 0.71 10.5 13.3 6.0
Bohol 11.1 1.70 7.8 14.4 15.3
Cebu 12.5 0.90 10.8 14.3 7.2
Negros Oriental 10.8 1.59 7.7 14.0 14.7
Siquijor 9.6 4.61 0.6 18.7 47.8
VIII. Eastern Visayas 10.0 0.78 8.5 11.5 7.8
Biliran 12.1 3.72 4.8 19.4 30.7
Eastern Samar 4.7 1.53 1.8 7.7 32.2
Leyte 11.3 1.20 8.9 13.6 10.7
Northern Samar 11.8 2.15 7.6 16.0 18.2
Southern Leyte 6.4 1.97 2.6 10.3 30.6
Western Samar 9.7 2.11 5.6 13.9 21.6
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 8.9 0.95 7.1 10.8 10.6
Zamboanga del Norte 8.6 1.60 5.4 11.7 18.7
Zamboanga del Sur 7.2 1.07 5.1 9.3 14.8
Zamboanga Sibugay 11.5 2.83 5.9 17.0 24.7
X. Northern Mindanao 6.8 0.81 5.2 8.4 11.9
Bukidnon 5.5 1.36 2.8 8.2 24.6
Camiguin 10.0 4.25 1.7 18.3 42.5
Lanao del Norte 6.3 1.71 2.9 9.6 27.2
Misamis Occidental 9.3 2.13 5.1 13.5 22.9
Misamis Oriental 6.7 1.49 3.8 9.6 22.2
XI. Davao Region 9.2 0.90 7.4 10.9 9.8
Compostela Valley 8.0 3.27 1.6 14.4 40.7
Davao del Norte 10.5 2.60 5.4 15.6 24.9
Davao del Sur 9.9 1.01 8.0 11.9 10.2
Davao Oriental 5.1 1.85 1.5 8.7 36.3
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 9.6 0.90 7.8 11.3 9.4
North Cotabato 7.5 1.11 5.3 9.7 14.8
Sarangani 11.9 2.26 7.5 16.3 19.0
South Cotabato 8.5 1.14 6.3 10.7 13.4
Sultan Kudarat 14.8 4.01 7.0 22.7 27.0
ARMM 11.8 1.13 9.6 14.0 9.6
Basilan 17.4 3.63 10.2 24.5 20.9
Lanao del Sur 5.6 1.58 2.5 8.8 28.0
Maguindanao 11.1 1.86 7.5 14.8 16.7
Sulu 14.2 3.95 6.4 21.9 27.9
Tawi-Tawi 19.2 2.58 14.2 24.3 13.4
Caraga 9.0 1.12 6.8 11.2 12.4
Agusan del Norte 6.8 1.95 3.0 10.6 28.6
Agusan del Sur 7.2 1.82 3.6 10.8 25.3
Surigao del Norte 12.5 3.11 6.5 18.6 24.8
Surigao del Sur 9.3 1.81 5.8 12.9 19.4
Note: Prevalences between provinces are significantly different if the Confidence Intervals (CIs) do not overlap from each other.
CVs that are <20 are acceptable estimates for the province.
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV-Makati, Pateros, Taguig, Las Piñas, Muntinlupa, Parañaque, Pasay
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Appendix 21. Differences of estimates of wasted/thin children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months), by
age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
Wasting
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs. 2008 2013 vs. 2011
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Sex/Age Group
All 12.3 12.7 12.4 0.1 0.709 -0.3 0.261
10-12y 14.8 14.3 14.3 -0.5 0.291 0.0 1.000
13-15y 12.4 13.2 12.4 0.0 1.000 -0.8 0.075
16-19y 9.0 9.7 10.0 1.0 0.029 0.3 0.516
Male 14.7 14.8 15.1 0.4 0.455 0.3 0.615
10-12y 15.7 15.0 15.7 0.0 1.000 0.7 0.292
13-15y 16.4 16.5 15.8 -0.6 0.390 -0.7 0.312
16-19y 11.8 12.5 13.4 1.6 0.033 0.9 0.258
Female 9.7 10.3 9.7 0.0 1.000 -0.6 0.086
10-12y 14.1 13.5 13.0 -1.1 0.094 -0.5 0.439
13-15y 8.3 9.7 9.0 0.7 0.194 -0.7 0.211
16-19y 5.6 6.5 6.4 0.8 0.144 -0.1 0.859
Region
NCR 14.6 14.2 12.7 -1.9 0.045 -1.5 0.104
CAR 6.1 5.0 6.0 -0.1 0.924 1.0 0.311
I. Ilocos 12.2 13.8 12.8 0.6 0.582 -1.0 0.366
II. Cagayan Valley 9.6 12.4 11.0 1.4 0.207 -1.4 0.241
III. Central Luzon 13.4 14.9 14.4 1.0 0.310 -0.5 0.618
IV-A. CALABARZON 13.6 14.4 15.4 1.8 0.043 1.0 0.242
IV-B. MIMAROPA 14.5 14.4 16.2 1.7 0.236 1.8 0.195
V. Bicol 15.8 14.9 13.9 -1.9 0.076 -1.0 0.337
VI. Western Visayas 14.4 14.4 14.6 0.2 0.853 0.2 0.855
VII. Central Visayas 11.0 9.9 11.9 0.9 0.363 2.0 0.038
VIII. Eastern Visayas 10.4 10.8 10.0 -0.4 0.686 -0.8 0.417
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 11.6 10.0 8.9 -2.7 0.020 -1.1 0.336
X. Northern Mindanao 7.9 10.0 6.8 -1.1 0.251 -3.2 0.002
XI. Davao 10.5 8.9 9.2 -1.3 0.253 0.3 0.785
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 9.2 10.2 9.6 0.4 0.772 -0.6 0.504
ARMM 10.7 12.9 11.8 1.1 0.417 -1.1 0.406
CARAGA 9.7 10.2 9.0 -0.7 0.541 -1.2 0.291
Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
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Appendix 22. Differences of estimates of overweight/obese children, 10.08-19.0 year-old (121-228 months),
by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
Overweight/Obese
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs 2008 2013 vs 2011
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Sex/Age Group
All 6.2 6.7 8.3 2.1 0.000 1.6 0.000
10-12y 7.3 8.2 10.3 3.0 0.000 2.1 0.000
13-15y 5.4 5.8 7.0 1.6 0.000 1.2 0.000
16-19y 5.5 5.7 7.4 1.9 0.000 1.7 0.000
Male 6.3 6.8 8.6 2.3 0.000 1.8 0.000
10-12y 8.4 9.1 11.4 3.0 0.000 2.3 0.000
13-15y 5.4 5.8 7.4 2.0 0.000 1.6 0.001
16-19y 4.8 4.9 6.8 2.0 0.000 1.9 0.000
Female 5.9 6.6 7.9 2.0 0.000 1.3 0.000
10-12y 6.2 7.2 9.1 2.9 0.000 1.9 0.000
13-15y 5.3 5.8 6.6 1.3 0.004 0.8 0.000
16-19y 6.3 6.7 8.0 1.7 0.004 1.3 0.596
Region
NCR 10.2 11.2 14.7 4.5 0.000 3.5 0.000
CAR 8.2 11.4 11.6 3.4 0.009 0.2 0.885
I. Ilocos 7.4 9.0 8.6 1.2 0.179 -0.4 0.665
II. Cagayan Valley 5.9 6.9 7.8 1.9 0.039 0.9 0.352
III. Central Luzon 7.8 9.6 10.8 3.0 0.000 1.2 0.162
IV-A. CALABARZON 8.7 8.9 9.6 0.9 0.241 0.7 0.360
IV-B. MIMAROPA 3.3 3.9 4.7 1.4 0.056 0.8 0.279
V. Bicol 2.6 3.0 4.2 1.6 0.003 1.2 0.029
VI. Western Visayas 4.0 4.6 5.5 1.5 0.020 0.9 0.185
VII. Central Visayas 5.5 4.8 6.0 0.5 0.489 1.2 0.086
VIII. Eastern Visayas 3.5 3.6 4.9 1.4 0.031 1.3 0.044
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 3.5 3.2 4.8 1.3 0.084 1.6 0.035
X. Northern Mindanao 4.5 5.0 7.1 2.6 0.002 2.1 0.014
XI. Davao 5.9 5.4 7.1 1.2 0.200 1.7 0.066
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 4.0 5.4 5.7 1.7 0.025 0.3 0.708
ARMM 5.7 4.0 5.3 -0.4 0.683 1.3 0.117
Caraga 5.7 4.3 6.8 1.1 0.246 2.5 0.004
Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
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Appendix 23. Percentage distribution of BMI among adults, 18.0 years old and over, using WHO BMI
classification by age, and gender: Philippines, 2013 (n=73,931)
Age Group/ Gender
n
WHO BMI CLASSIFICATION
CED Normal Overweight Obese
<18.5 18.5 to 24.9 25.0 to 29.9 ≥30.0
% S.E. % S.E. % S.E. % S.E.
All 73,931 10.3 0.14 59.8 0.23 23.3 0.20 6.6 0.11
18.0-19.99 4,426 15.1 0.58 75.6 0.68 7.0 0.41 2.2 0.24
20.0-29.99 13,203 13.1 0.33 66.5 0.45 15.5 0.36 4.8 0.22
30.0-39.99 12,415 6.4 0.25 59.1 0.51 26.7 0.44 7.9 0.27
40.0-49.99 15,998 6.4 0.21 55.1 0.42 30.0 0.39 8.5 0.25
50.0-59.99 14,182 8.7 0.25 54.7 0.50 28.7 0.45 7.8 0.25
60.0-69.99 8,452 13.6 0.40 56.4 0.58 24.3 0.53 5.7 0.27
> 70.0 5,255 23.5 0.64 56.3 0.76 16.9 0.60 3.3 0.27
Male 35,508 9.8 0.18 63.8 0.30 21.4 0.26 5.0 0.14
18.0-19.99 2,378 15.9 0.82 75.9 0.94 6.1 0.53 2.1 0.32
20.0-29.99 7,304 10.8 0.41 68.1 0.64 16.7 0.56 4.4 0.28
30.0-39.99 5,914 6.4 0.36 62.7 0.72 25.0 0.64 5.9 0.34
40.0-49.99 7,419 6.2 0.30 60.2 0.62 27.0 0.57 6.5 0.33
50.0-59.99 6,538 9.2 0.36 61.0 0.65 24.3 0.58 5.5 0.31
60.0-69.99 3,800 14.2 0.60 60.6 0.87 21.4 0.75 3.8 0.34
> 70.0 2,155 23.7 0.95 60.2 1.11 14.6 0.86 1.5 0.29
Female 38,423 10.7 0.19 56.1 0.30 25.2 0.26 8.0 0.16
18.0-19.99 2,048 14.3 0.81 75.3 1.03 8.0 0.63 2.4 0.37
20.0-29.99 5,899 15.7 0.50 64.8 0.65 14.2 0.48 5.3 0.33
30.0-39.99 6,501 6.3 0.33 55.6 0.66 28.2 0.61 9.8 0.40
40.0-49.99 8,579 6.5 0.28 50.6 0.58 32.6 0.54 10.2 0.35
50.0-59.99 7,644 8.4 0.33 49.3 0.68 32.5 0.62 9.9 0.37
60.0-69.99 4,652 13.0 0.52 52.9 0.75 26.7 0.71 7.3 0.41
> 70.0 3,100 23.4 0.82 53.5 0.97 18.5 0.77 4.5 0.42
Appendix 24. Percentage distribution of BMI among adults, 18.0 years old and over, using WHO BMI
classification by region: Philippines, 2013 (n=73,931)
REGION
WHO BMI CLASSIFICATION
CED Normal Overweight Obese
<18.5 18.5 to <25.0 25.0 to <30.0 >30.0
% SE % SE % SE % SE
Philippines 10.3 0.14 59.8 0.23 23.3 0.20 6.6 0.11
NCR 8.4 0.42 53.3 0.74 28.6 0.69 9.7 0.43
CAR 5.9 0.51 60.6 1.40 26.3 1.23 7.3 0.50
I . Ilocos 12.5 0.53 61.2 0.74 21.9 0.71 4.3 0.30
II. Cagayan Valley 12.1 0.59 63.6 0.85 20.2 0.82 4.1 0.38
III. Central Luzon 10.5 0.45 58.3 0.66 24.4 0.54 6.8 0.35
IV-A. CALABARZON 10.4 0.39 57.7 0.69 24.6 0.60 7.2 0.33
IV-B. MIMAROPA 13.1 0.71 63.2 0.95 19.1 0.73 4.6 0.47
V. Bicol 12.0 0.64 64.3 0.77 18.7 0.70 4.9 0.37
VI. Western Visayas 14.1 0.62 64.2 0.67 17.9 0.60 3.8 0.30
VII. Central Visayas 10.3 0.49 60.8 0.81 22.4 0.73 6.5 0.38
VIII. Eastern Visayas 8.0 0.59 60.6 0.96 24.7 0.88 6.7 0.47
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 9.6 0.60 65.5 0.98 19.1 0.93 5.7 0.43
X. Northern Mindanao 7.7 0.57 59.8 1.07 24.2 0.98 8.3 0.52
XI. Davao 7.6 0.57 61.0 1.03 24.4 0.86 7.1 0.51
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 10.3 0.53 63.6 0.92 21.0 0.74 5.1 0.46
ARMM 13.2 1.08 64.8 1.30 18.0 1.13 4.0 0.49
Caraga 7.6 0.52 59.1 0.98 26.4 0.88 6.9 0.47
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Appendix 25. Differences of estimates of the proportion of CED among adults, 18.0 years old and over, by
age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008, 2011 and 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
CED
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs 2008 2013 vs 2011
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Sex/Age Group
All 11.6 10.0 10.0 -1.6 0.000 0.0 1.000
18-19.99y 13.7 14.9 15.1 1.4 0.057 0.2 0.788
20-29y 13.7 13.7 13.1 -0.6 0.138 -0.6 0.151
30-39y 7.2 6.9 6.4 -0.8 0.008 -0.5 0.104
40-49y 7.2 6.2 6.4 -0.8 0.004 0.2 0.457
50-59y 11.5 9.3 8.7 -2.8 0.000 -0.6 0.079
60-69y 17.7 14.4 13.6 -4.1 0.000 -0.8 0.137
≥70y 27.0 23.4 23.5 -3.5 0.000 0.1 0.905
Male 10.1 9.2 9.4 -0.7 0.002 0.2 0.372
18-19.99y 14.2 15.3 15.9 1.7 0.092 0.6 0.557
20-29y 11.0 11.6 10.8 -0.2 0.687 -0.8 0.123
30-39y 5.8 6.4 6.4 0.6 0.142 0.0 1.000
40-49y 6.6 5.8 6.2 -0.4 0.313 0.4 0.299
50-59y 10.7 9.2 9.2 -1.5 0.006 0.0 1.000
60-69y 17.7 15.8 14.2 -3.5 0.000 -1.6 0.053
≥70y 26.5 23.3 23.7 -2.8 0.046 0.4 0.762
Female 12.9 10.7 10.5 -2.4 0.000 -0.2 0.379
18-19.99y 13.1 14.4 14.3 1.3 0.266 -0.1 0.926
20-29y 17.0 16.5 15.7 -1.3 0.033 -0.8 0.184
30-39y 8.7 7.4 6.3 -2.4 0.000 -1.1 0.011
40-49y 7.8 6.5 6.5 -1.3 0.001 0.0 1.000
50-59y 12.1 9.3 8.4 -3.7 0.000 -0.9 0.051
60-69y 17.7 13.3 13.0 -4.7 0.000 -0.3 0.670
≥70y 27.4 23.5 23.4 -4.0 0.001 -0.1 0.927
Region
NCR 9.6 8.4 7.8 -1.8 0.000 -0.6 0.189
CAR 8.0 4.9 5.8 -2.2 0.002 0.9 0.146
I. Ilocos 14.4 12.3 12.2 -2.2 0.002 -0.1 0.885
II. Cagayan Valley 13.0 10.5 12.0 -1.0 0.185 1.5 0.041
III. Central Luzon 11.1 10.1 10.1 -1.0 0.071 0.0 1.000
IV-A. CALABARZON 11.5 10.7 9.8 -1.7 0.001 -0.9 0.077
IV-B. MIMAROPA 14.1 11.5 12.6 -1.5 0.089 1.1 0.197
V. Bicol 14.6 11.8 11.8 -2.8 0.000 0.0 1.000
VI. Western Visayas 15.4 12.5 13.9 -1.5 0.032 1.4 0.041
VII. Central Visayas 9.7 9.5 10.3 0.6 0.318 0.8 0.185
VIII. Eastern Visayas 9.1 8.0 7.7 -1.4 0.026 -0.3 0.620
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 12.7 10.1 9.5 -3.2 0.000 -0.6 0.454
X. Northern Mindanao 9.4 8.4 7.6 -1.8 0.007 -0.8 0.215
XI. Davao 10.3 8.1 7.4 -2.9 0.000 -0.7 0.284
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 10.6 9.6 10.1 -0.5 0.491 0.5 0.488
ARMM 13.6 12.9 13.0 -0.6 0.572 0.1 0.922
Caraga 9.1 7.6 7.7 -1.4 0.053 0.1 0.884
Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
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Appendix 26. Differences of estimates of the proportion of overweight and obese among adults, 18.0 years
old and over, by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008,
2011 and 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
Overweight/Obese
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs 2008 2013 vs 2011
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Sex/Age Group
All 26.6 28.4 31.2 4.6 0.000 2.8 0.000
18-19.99y 6.0 6.8 9.3 3.3 0.000 2.5 0.000
20-29y 16.0 16.9 20.3 4.3 0.000 3.4 0.000
30-39y 30.5 31.5 34.6 4.1 0.000 3.1 0.000
40-49y 33.1 36.8 38.5 5.4 0.000 1.7 0.002
50-59y 31.1 34.7 36.5 5.4 0.000 1.8 0.002
60-69y 24.7 27.9 30.0 5.3 0.000 2.1 0.003
≥70y 16.8 20.2 20.2 3.4 0.000 0.0 1.000
Male 23.0 24.6 27.6 4.6 0.000 3.0 0.000
18-19.99y 5.6 6.0 8.2 2.6 0.000 2.2 0.002
20-29y 15.2 16.6 21.1 5.9 0.000 4.5 0.000
30-39y 28.5 29.1 30.9 2.4 0.002 1.8 0.027
40-49y 28.1 31.4 33.5 5.4 0.000 2.1 0.006
50-59y 25.6 28.4 29.8 4.2 0.000 1.4 0.079
60-69y 19.2 22.1 25.2 1.0 0.000 3.1 0.002
≥70y 11.6 14.2 16.1 4.5 0.000 1.9 0.089
Female 30.1 32.0 34.4 4.3 0.000 2.3 0.000
18-19.99y 6.5 7.7 10.4 3.9 0.000 2.7 0.002
20-29y 16.8 17.4 19.5 2.7 0.000 2.1 0.003
30-39y 32.4 33.8 38.0 5.6 0.000 4.2 0.000
40-49y 37.5 41.4 42.8 5.3 0.000 1.4 0.061
50-59y 35.6 39.9 42.4 6.8 0.000 2.5 0.003
60-69y 29.2 32.4 34.0 4.8 0.000 1.6 0.103
≥70y 20.3 24.2 23.0 2.7 0.016 -1.2 0.273
Region
NCR 32.2 36.2 39.9 7.7 0.000 3.7 0.000
CAR 29.9 30.4 34.5 4.6 0.000 4.1 0.002
I . Ilocos 23.0 26.1 27.3 4.3 0.000 1.2 0.200
II. Cagayan Valley 22.3 23.0 25.1 2.8 0.004 2.1 0.035
III. Central Luzon 29.8 31.9 32.6 2.8 0.001 0.7 0.416
IV-A. CALABARZON 29.3 30.2 33.2 3.9 0.000 3.0 0.000
IV-B. MIMAROPA 20.5 21.9 24.7 4.2 0.000 2.8 0.011
V. Bicol 20.5 22.5 24.7 4.2 0.000 2.2 0.018
VI. Western Visayas 19.4 21.9 22.9 3.5 0.000 1.0 0.236
VII. Central Visayas 28.0 28.0 30.1 2.1 0.021 2.1 0.022
VIII. Eastern Visayas 27.0 28.1 32.9 5.9 0.000 4.8 0.000
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 23.9 24.9 25.9 2.0 0.081 1.0 0.394
X. Northern Mindanao 29.1 27.7 33.9 4.8 0.000 6.2 0.000
XI. Davao 28.8 29.5 32.8 4.0 0.000 3.3 0.004
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 25.4 25.7 27.2 1.8 0.086 1.5 0.159
ARMM 17.1 18.8 23.2 6.1 0.000 4.4 0.000
Caraga 29.6 27.6 34.9 5.3 0.000 7.3 0.000
Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
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Appendix 27. Estimates of the proportion of chronic energy deficiency (CED) among adults, 20 years old
and over, using Body Mass Index, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of
variation by region and province: Philippines, 2013 (n-69,505)
Region/ Province % CED Standard
Error
95 % Confidence
Interval CV %
LL UL
Philippines 10.0 0.1 9.7 10.3 1.4
NCR 7.8 0.4 7.0 8.7 8.7
District I 7.6 0.8 6.0 9.2 10.6
District II 7.4 0.7 6.0 8.9 10.0
District III 9.0 1.0 7.1 11.0 11.0
District IV 7.6 0.8 6.0 9.2 10.9
CAR 5.8 0.5 4.8 6.9 8.8
Abra 12.2 1.8 8.7 15.7 14.7
Apayao 12.9 0.9 11.1 14.6 7.0
Benguet 2.6 0.7 1.3 3.9 25.3
Ifugao 4.2 1.8 0.7 7.7 42.3
Kalinga 5.6 1.0 3.7 7.6 17.6
Mountain Province 5.8 1.5 2.8 8.8 26.2
I. Ilocos Region 12.2 0.5 11.2 13.2 4.1
Ilocos Norte 10.1 0.9 8.4 11.9 8.8
Ilocos Sur 9.7 1.5 6.7 12.6 15.6
La Union 14.8 1.6 11.7 18.0 10.8
Pangasinan 12.6 0.6 11.3 13.8 5.1
II. Cagayan Valley 12.0 0.6 10.9 13.2 4.9
Cagayan 13.6 1.1 11.4 15.7 8.2
Isabela 12.5 0.9 10.8 14.2 6.8
Nueva Vizcaya 7.9 1.2 5.5 10.3 15.5
Quirino 6.6 1.5 3.6 9.6 23.1
III. Central Luzon 10.1 0.5 9.2 11.0 4.5
Aurora 10.7 4.9 1.1 20.4 45.9
Bataan 10.1 2.1 5.9 14.3 21.1
Bulacan 9.0 0.6 7.9 10.2 6.7
Nueva Ecija 12.9 1.2 10.5 15.4 9.6
Pampanga 7.8 0.9 6.0 9.6 11.8
Tarlac 11.4 1.2 8.9 13.8 11.0
Zambales 12.4 2.0 8.5 16.4 16.3
IV-A. CALABARZON 9.8 0.4 9.1 10.6 3.8
Batangas 10.2 0.8 8.5 11.8 8.2
Cavite 9.1 0.8 7.6 10.6 8.4
Laguna 8.5 0.7 7.2 9.8 7.8
Quezon 13.0 1.2 10.6 15.3 9.2
Rizal 9.3 0.8 7.8 10.9 8.5
IV-B. MIMAROPA 12.6 0.7 11.2 14.1 5.9
Marinduque 12.1 1.8 8.6 15.5 14.5
Occidental Mindoro 18.1 2.1 14.0 22.2 11.6
Oriental Mindoro 10.9 1.2 8.4 13.3 11.4
Palawan 12.4 1.5 9.5 15.3 12.0
Romblon 11.2 2.0 7.2 15.2 18.2
V. Bicol Region 11.8 0.6 10.5 13.1 5.4
Albay 11.9 1.3 9.3 14.4 10.9
Camarines Norte 13.1 1.6 10.0 16.2 11.9
Camarines Sur 11.7 1.2 9.4 14.1 10.0
Catanduanes 12.4 3.7 5.2 19.6 29.5
Masbate 9.2 1.3 6.7 11.8 14.2
Sorsogon 13.0 1.8 9.6 16.4 13.5
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Continued… Appendix 27
Region/ Province % CED Standard
Error
95 % Confidence
Interval CV %
LL UL
VI. Western Visayas 13.9 0.6 12.7 15.2 4.5
Aklan 13.0 2.0 9.1 16.8 15.2
Antique 19.7 2.0 15.8 23.6 10.1
Capiz 13.6 1.7 10.3 16.8 12.2
Guimaras 17.9 6.0 6.2 29.5 33.4
Iloilo 11.8 1.0 9.8 13.7 8.4
Negros Occidental 14.6 1.1 12.5 16.8 7.5
VII. Central Visayas 10.3 0.5 9.3 11.2 4.8
Bohol 9.6 0.9 7.9 11.4 9.3
Cebu 10.4 0.7 9.1 11.7 6.3
Negros Oriental 10.2 1.3 7.7 12.8 12.9
Siquijor 12.7 2.2 8.3 17.0 17.5
VIII. Eastern Visayas 7.7 0.6 6.6 8.9 7.8
Biliran 8.8 1.8 5.1 12.4 21.1
Eastern Samar 5.8 1.1 3.7 7.9 18.7
Leyte 8.2 1.0 6.2 10.3 12.6
Northern Samar 6.3 1.9 2.5 10.1 30.8
Southern Leyte 8.0 1.6 4.8 11.3 20.5
Western Samar 8.1 1.2 5.8 10.4 14.7
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 9.5 0.6 8.3 10.7 6.6
Zamboanga del Norte 8.6 0.9 6.8 10.4 10.9
Zamboanga del Sur 9.9 1.0 8.0 11.8 9.7
Zamboanga Sibugay 8.5 0.8 7.0 10.1 9.3
X. Northern Mindanao 7.6 0.6 6.5 8.7 7.4
Bukidnon 7.3 1.1 5.1 9.5 15.3
Camiguin 7.9 3.8 0.4 15.4 48.1
Lanao del Norte 7.5 1.6 4.5 10.6 20.6
Misamis Occidental 8.5 1.2 6.2 10.9 14.0
Misamis Oriental 7.4 0.8 5.8 9.0 10.8
XI. Davao Region 7.4 0.6 6.3 8.6 7.6
Compostela Valley 9.1 2.2 4.8 13.4 24.2
Davao del Norte 6.4 0.9 4.7 8.2 13.9
Davao del Sur 7.4 0.7 6.0 8.9 9.9
Davao Oriental 7.3 1.7 4.1 10.6 22.6
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 10.1 0.5 9.1 11.2 5.3
North Cotabato 12.3 1.0 10.4 14.2 7.8
Sarangani 8.3 1.3 5.7 10.8 15.7
South Cotabato 8.1 0.7 6.7 9.4 8.8
Sultan Kudarat 12.1 1.8 8.6 15.6 14.6
ARMM 13.0 1.1 10.9 15.2 8.5
Basilan 13.1 3.2 6.8 19.3 24.3
Lanao del Sur 8.9 1.4 6.0 11.7 16.3
Maguindanao 12.9 1.4 10.0 15.7 11.2
Sulu 18.1 4.0 10.2 25.9 22.2
Tawi-Tawi 16.9 2.7 11.6 22.2 15.9
Caraga 7.7 0.5 6.7 8.8 7.0
Agusan del Norte 7.3 1.1 5.2 9.4 14.8
Agusan del Sur 7.9 1.2 5.6 10.3 14.9
Surigao del Norte 8.7 1.2 6.5 11.0 13.3
Surigao del Sur 7.1 0.9 5.3 8.9 12.9
Note: Prevalences between provinces are significantly different if the Confidence Intervals (CIs) do not overlap from each other.
CVs that are <20 are acceptable estimates for the province.
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV-Makati, Pateros, Taguig, Las Piñas, Muntinlupa, Parañaque, Pasay
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Appendix 28. Differences of estimates of the proportion of High Waist Circumference among adults, 20.0
years old and over, by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines,
2008, 2011 and 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
High WC
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs 2008 2013 vs 2011
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Sex/Age Group
Males 3.1 3.2 3.8 0.7 0.011 0.6 0.000
20-29 1.2 1.4 2.2 1.0 0.016 0.8 0.000
30-39 2.3 3.4 3.3 1.0 0.065 -0.1 0.755
40-49 3.7 4.5 4.7 1.0 0.122 0.2 0.556
50-59 6.0 4.8 5.5 -0.5 0.550 0.7 0.071
60-69 4.1 4.4 4.5 0.4 0.680 0.1 0.834
>70 3.6 3.4 3.6 0.0 1.000 0.2 0.723
Females 19.0 19.9 23.1 4.1 0.000 3.2 0.000
20-29 7.4 8.2 10.5 3.1 0.002 2.3 0.000
30-39 15.9 18.0 22.4 6.5 0.000 4.4 0.000
40-49 21.7 25.0 25.5 3.8 0.004 0.5 0.448
50-59 25.6 29.1 32.0 6.4 0.000 2.9 0.000
60-69 25.8 28.4 29.9 4.1 0.035 1.5 0.112
>70 26.0 27.0 26.4 0.4 0.861 -0.6 0.590 Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
Appendix 29. Differences of estimates of the proportion of High Waist Hip Ratio among adults, 20.0 years
old and over, by age, gender, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2008,
2011 and 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
High WHR
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs 2008 2013 vs 2011
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Sex/Age Group
Males 11.1 6.9 8.0 -3.1 0.000 1.1 0.000
20-29y 4.3 2.2 3.0 -1.3 0.000 0.8 0.000
30-39y 11.3 5.9 6.0 -5.3 0.012 0.1 0.002
40-49y 14.2 9.6 9.3 -4.9 0.000 -0.3 0.528
50-59y 17.4 12.4 12.7 -4.7 0.000 0.3 0.606
60-69y 12.3 13.4 13.7 1.4 0.383 0.3 0.705
≥70y 10.1 11.6 13.2 3.1 0.140 1.6 0.115
Females 65.5 62.5 63.2 -2.3 0.001 0.7 0.046
20-29y 61.8 48.2 45.5 -16.3 0.000 -2.7 0.002
30-39y 71.1 63.1 64.6 -6.5 0.000 1.5 0.059
40-49y 68.9 69.7 68.3 -0.6 0.668 -1.4 0.044
50-59y 63.2 70.3 71.9 8.7 0.000 1.6 0.030
60-69y 60.1 68.2 69.9 9.8 0.000 1.7 0.077
≥70y 62.8 67.4 66.9 4.1 0.093 -0.5 0.673 Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
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Appendix 30. Estimates of the proportion of nutritionally at-risk among pregnant women, using weight-
for-height, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of variation by region:
Philippines, 2013 (n=1,184)
Region/ Province
%
Nutritionally
at-risk
Standard
Error
95 % Confidence
Interval CV %
LL UL
Philippines 24.8 1.3 22.2 27.4 5.4
NCR 22.9 3.4 16.3 29.5 14.7
CAR 18.6 6.9 5.0 32.2 37.2
I. Ilocos 20.9 4.9 11.2 30.6 23.7
II. Cagayan Valley 33.6 5.7 22.3 44.9 17.1
III. Central Luzon 16.5 4.1 8.4 24.5 24.8
IV-A. CALABARZON 28.7 3.7 21.5 35.9 12.8
IV-B. MIMAROPA 29.5 8.2 13.5 45.5 27.7
V. Bicol 33.0 6.3 20.7 45.3 19.0
VI. Western Visayas 32.4 6.3 20.0 44.9 19.6
VII. Central Visayas 22.4 4.9 12.8 32.0 21.7
VIII. Eastern Visayas 14.1 5.6 3.1 25.0 39.5
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 28.5 6.6 15.5 41.6 23.2
X. Northern Mindanao 25.1 5.7 13.9 36.4 22.8
XI. Davao 32.0 7.1 18.0 46.0 22.3
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 20.8 5.0 11.0 30.7 23.9
ARMM 25.9 7.9 10.3 41.4 30.7
Caraga 18.3 3.9 10.7 25.9 21.2
Appendix 31. Differences of estimates of the proportion of nutritionally at-risk among pregnant women,
using weight-for-height, by age, and region: Philippines, 2008 – 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
Nutritionally at-risk
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs. 2008 2013 vs. 2011
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Age Group
All 26.3 25.0 24.8 -1.5 0.3628 -0.2 0.9034
< 20 years old 35.1 35.7 37.2 2.1 0.6643 1.5 0.7531
> 20 years old 25.1 23.3 23.0 -2.1 0.2294 -0.3 0.8632
Region
NCR 28.9 18.7 22.9 -6.0 0.2775 4.2 0.4020
CAR 16.9 15.8 18.6 1.7 0.8362 2.8 0.7147
I. Ilocos 31.2 28.8 20.9 -10.3 0.1388 -7.9 0.2599
II. Cagayan Valley 28.9 32.6 33.6 4.7 0.5515 1.0 0.9052
III. Central Luzon 24.4 21.4 16.5 -7.9 0.1338 -4.9 0.3510
IV-A Calabarzon 21.8 28.8 28.7 6.9 0.1668 -0.1 0.9849
IV-B MIMAROPA 40.0 43.6 29.5 -10.5 0.2256 -14.1 0.1279
V. Bicol 30.0 30.7 33.0 3.0 0.6692 2.3 0.7427
VI. Western Visayas 31.0 33.2 32.4 1.4 0.8493 -0.8 0.9140
VII. Central Visayas 20.8 15.8 22.4 1.6 0.7893 6.6 0.2741
VIII. Eastern Visayas 22.2 18.8 14.1 -8.1 0.2052 -4.7 0.4503
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 31.6 21.9 28.5 -3.1 0.6950 6.6 0.3820
X. Northern Mindanao 22.8 27.2 25.1 2.3 0.7357 -2.1 0.7656
XI. Davao 16.8 20.3 32.0 15.2 0.0443 11.7 0.1387
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 29.2 29.4 20.8 -8.4 0.2633 -8.6 0.2518
ARMM 34.3 26.9 25.9 -8.4 0.3039 -1.0 0.8908
Caraga 22.5 18.0 18.3 -4.2 0.5323 0.3 0.9636 Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
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Appendix 32. Estimates of the proportion of underweight among lactating mothers, using Body Mass
Index, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of variation by region:
Philippines, 2013 (n=2, 605)
Region/ Province %
Underweight
Standard
Error
95 % Confidence
Interval CV %
LL UL
Philippines 12.5 0.7 11.1 13.8 5.6
NCR 7.7 2.3 3.2 12.1 29.5
CAR 6.0 2.0 2.1 9.8 33.2
I. Ilocos 15.9 2.7 10.6 21.3 17.0
II. Cagayan Valley 13.4 3.1 7.2 19.5 23.4
III. Central Luzon 14.0 2.6 8.8 19.1 18.8
IV-A. CALABARZON 14.1 2.3 9.6 18.7 16.4
IV-B. MIMAROPA 20.0 4.6 11.0 29.0 22.9
V. Bicol 15.1 2.6 10.0 20.1 17.1
VI. Western Visayas 16.4 2.9 10.7 22.1 17.7
VII. Central Visayas 9.6 2.2 5.3 13.9 22.9
VIII. Eastern Visayas 11.5 2.4 6.8 16.2 20.9
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 8.6 2.5 3.7 13.5 29.1
X. Northern Mindanao 3.8 1.6 0.6 6.9 42.2
XI. Davao 14.8 3.3 8.3 21.2 22.3
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 13.8 2.6 8.7 18.9 18.9
ARMM 15.9 3.1 9.7 22.0 19.9
CARAGA 9.6 2.9 3.9 15.3 30.4
Appendix 33. Differences of estimates of the proportion of underweight among lactating mothers, using
Body Mass Index, by age, and region: Philippines, 2008 – 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
Underweight
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs. 2008 2013 vs. 2011
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Age Group
All 13.0 11.9 12.5 -0.5 0.5644 0.6 0.4829
< 20 years old 12.9 11.8 12.4 -0.5 0.8697 0.6 0.8360
> 20 years old 13.1 11.9 12.5 -0.6 0.5081 0.6 0.5024
Region
NCR 11.9 11.9 7.7 -4.2 0.1520 -4.2 0.1341
CAR 6.9 4.5 6.0 -0.9 0.7627 1.5 0.5679
I. Ilocos 15.5 12.9 15.9 0.4 0.9153 3.0 0.4339
II. Cagayan Valley 9.9 11.9 13.4 3.5 0.3412 1.5 0.7002
III. Central Luzon 17.6 14.9 14.0 -3.6 0.3324 -0.9 0.8062
IV-A Calabarzon 12.9 15.4 14.1 1.2 0.7035 -1.3 0.6936
IV-B MIMAROPA 14.2 13.5 20.0 5.8 0.1923 6.5 0.1479
V. Bicol 15.7 16.6 15.1 -0.6 0.8603 -1.5 0.6705
VI. Western Visayas 16.9 11.3 16.4 -0.5 0.8912 5.1 0.1238
VII. Central Visayas 10.2 11.2 9.6 -0.6 0.8420 -1.6 0.6061
VIII. Eastern Visayas 12.3 6.6 11.5 -0.8 0.8059 4.9 0.0844
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 13.1 11.4 8.6 -4.5 0.2533 -2.8 0.4586
X. Northern Mindanao 11.6 10.8 3.8 -7.8 0.0115 -7.0 0.0213
XI. Davao 9.0 6.2 14.8 5.8 0.1429 8.6 0.0798
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 8.4 7.6 13.8 5.4 0.1209 6.2 0.0798
ARMM 14.7 14.4 15.9 1.2 0.7643 1.5 0.7025
CARAGA 11.5 8.9 9.6 -1.9 0.6157 0.7 0.8445 Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
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Appendix 34. Differences of estimates of the proportion of overweight/obese among lactating mothers,
using Body Mass Index, by age, and region: Philippines, 2008 – 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
Overweight/Obese
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs 2008 2013 vs 2011
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Age Group
All 16.1 17.7 21.7 5.6 0.0000 4.0 0.0001
< 20 years old 6.7 6.7 6.5 -0.2 0.9300 -0.2 0.9279
> 20 years old 16.8 18.8 22.8 6.0 0.0000 4.0 0.0003
Region
NCR 27.9 20.6 31.8 3.9 0.3849 11.2 0.0054
CAR 16.5 28.7 30.3 13.8 0.0062 1.6 0.7680
I. Ilocos 12.2 20.0 16.5 4.3 0.2304 -3.5 0.4093
II. Cagayan Valley 11.4 14.4 13.8 2.4 0.5293 -0.6 0.8834
III. Central Luzon 17.4 20.3 24.9 7.5 0.0677 4.6 0.2905
IV-A Calabarzon 17.3 16.8 20.1 2.8 0.4362 3.3 0.3597
IV-B MIMAROPA 11.8 11.5 10.4 -1.4 0.7121 -1.1 0.7739
V. Bicol 10.7 11.4 22.5 11.8 0.0007 11.1 0.0020
VI. Western Visayas 8.7 11.2 11.8 3.1 0.2964 0.6 0.8453
VII. Central Visayas 15.4 17.7 20.0 4.6 0.2259 2.3 0.5589
VIII. Eastern Visayas 14.7 14.5 19.7 5.0 0.1856 5.2 0.1649
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 18.0 21.3 25.8 7.8 0.1205 4.5 0.3879
X. Northern Mindanao 19.3 22.2 32.2 12.9 0.0074 10.0 0.0472
XI. Davao 20.2 19.7 19.1 -1.1 0.8246 -0.6 0.9072
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 20.0 21.0 21.3 1.3 0.7765 0.3 0.9498
ARMM 18.7 14.9 18.6 -0.1 0.9817 3.7 0.3622
Caraga 20.9 23.8 24.6 3.7 0.4709 0.8 0.8796 Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
Appendix 35. Differences of estimates of the proportion of low birth weight among young children, 0-3.9
years old (0-47 months), by gender, and region: Philippines, 2008 – 2013
Disaggregation/ Variable
Low Birth Weight (<2500 g*)
2008 2011 2013 2013 vs 2008 2013 vs 2011
% % % Diff. p-
value Diff.
p-value
Sex/Age Group
All 14.2 15.9 11.5 -2.7 0.0000 -4.4 0.0000
Boys 13.5 15.3 10.8 -2.7 0.0001 -4.5 0.0000
Girls 14.9 16.5 12.3 -2.6 0.0005 -4.2 0.0000
Region/ Province
NCR 13.8 15.4 9.8 -4.0 0.0085 -5.6 0.0003
CAR 13.0 15.7 7.9 -5.1 0.0306 -7.8 0.0018
I. Ilocos 12.8 12.6 11.0 -1.8 0.3481 -1.6 0.4364
II. Cagayan Valley 11.4 13.8 12.6 1.2 0.6240 -1.2 0.6576
III. Central Luzon 12.3 14.6 9.7 -2.6 0.1001 -4.9 0.0046
IV-A. CALABARZON 13.0 15.0 11.9 -1.1 0.4739 -3.1 0.0571
IV-B. MIMAROPA 16.2 15.8 15.6 -0.6 0.8357 -0.2 0.9471
V. Bicol 14.8 18.6 12.5 -2.3 0.2586 -6.1 0.0062
VI. Western Visayas 14.7 19.3 15.5 0.8 0.7138 -3.8 0.1017
VII. Central Visayas 13.3 18.1 13.7 0.4 0.8344 -4.4 0.0384
VIII. Eastern Visayas 16.3 16.9 12.4 -3.9 0.0885 -4.5 0.0567
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 15.4 17.5 12.9 -2.5 0.3498 -4.6 0.1074
X. Northern Mindanao 12.8 13.5 6.2 -6.6 0.0008 -7.3 0.0003
XI. Davao 18.1 16.8 12.3 -5.8 0.0226 -4.5 0.0801
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 15.0 18.2 10.2 -4.8 0.0389 -8.0 0.0014
ARMM 19.7 17.6 18.0 -1.7 0.6752 0.4 0.9267
Caraga 14.2 14.4 10.5 -3.7 0.1144 -3.9 0.1021 Note: Significant at p-value ≤0.05
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Appendix 36. Questionnaires
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