8th Grade ScienceDeveloped byMrs. LaRosa

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Periods •Each row is called a “period”

•The elements in each period have the same number of shells

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Groups

•Each column is called a “group”

•Each element in a

Group 1 = 1 electronGroup 1 = 1 electron

Group 2 = 2 electronsGroup 2 = 2 electrons

Group 8 = 8 electronsGroup 8 = 8 electrons

Except for He, it has 2 electrons

•Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”.

•The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons”

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Transition Metals

•Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons.electrons.

•This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry.

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Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for:

22ndnd Period = 2 shellsPeriod = 2 shells

44thth Group = Group = 4 valence 4 valence electronselectrons

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Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for:

33rdrd Period = 3 shellsPeriod = 3 shells11stst Group = Group = 1 valence 1 valence 1 valence 1 valence electronelectron

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Write your answers on your handout.Write your answers on your handout.

Name the element. Name the element. Number of shells ?Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?

Write your answers on your handout.Write your answers on your handout.

22ndnd Period = 2 shellsPeriod = 2 shells

NeonNeonName the element. Name the element. Number of shells ?Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ? 88thth Group = 8 valence Group = 8 valence

electronselectrons

Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?

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Name the element. Name the element. Number of shells ?Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?

Write your answers on your handout.Write your answers on your handout.

11stst Period = 1 shellPeriod = 1 shell

HydrogenHydrogenName the element. Name the element. Number of shells ?Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ? 11stst Group = 1 valence Group = 1 valence

electronelectron

Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?

Write your answers on your handout.Write your answers on your handout.

Name the element. Name the element. Number of shells ?Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?

Write your answers on your handout.Write your answers on your handout.

22ndnd Period = 2 shellsPeriod = 2 shells

BerylliumBerylliumName the element. Name the element. Number of shells ?Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ? 22ndnd Group = 2 valence Group = 2 valence

electronselectrons

Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?

Write your answers on your handout.Write your answers on your handout.

Name the element. Name the element. Number of shells ?Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?

Write your answers on your handout.Write your answers on your handout.

33rdrd Period = 3 shellsPeriod = 3 shells

SulfurSulfurName the element. Name the element. Number of shells ?Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ? 66thth Group = 6 valence Group = 6 valence

electronselectrons

Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?

Write your answers on your handout.Write your answers on your handout.

Name the element. Name the element. Number of shells ?Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?

Write your answers on your handout.Write your answers on your handout.

44thth Period = 4 shellsPeriod = 4 shells

PotassiumPotassiumName the element. Name the element. Number of shells ?Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ? 11stst Group = 1 valence Group = 1 valence

electronelectron

Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?

Write your answers on your handout.Write your answers on your handout.

Name the element. Name the element. Number of shells ?Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?

Write your answers on your handout.Write your answers on your handout.

11stst Period = 1 shellPeriod = 1 shell

HeliumHeliumName the element. Name the element. Number of shells ?Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ? 88thth Group = 2 valence Group = 2 valence

electronselectrons

Valence electrons ?Valence electrons ?

• Helium is the exception in Group 8.

• Since it has just one shell, that shell can only fit 2 electrons instead of 8.

• It is in this group because all the elements have a full outer shell.

End of Study Guide