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8th Grade IPC SCIENCE SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW 2018

BASIC CHEMISTRY

1. Define atom:_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Define element:______________________________________________________________________________

3. Define compound: ____________________________________________________________________________

4. Define mixture:_______________________________________________________________________________

5. Define solution:_______________________________________________________________________________ ATOMS

1. An atom is considered to be neutral if it has equal parts of ______________ and _________________. (P=___ )

2. Which subatomic particle is used to identify an element? _________________________________

ATOMIC NUMBER=___________________=How you identify an element! This number __________________ as you move from left to right.

3. PERIODS: Location on the Periodic Table Tells the number of _______________ __________________ List an example of 5 elements that are in a period and the period number:

4. GROUPS: Location on the Periodic Table Tells the number of _______________ __________________ for all atoms in that column. Shows that elements have similar _______________ and ________________ properties.

List an example of 3 elements that are in a group and the group number:

5. What on the Periodic Table increases from left to right?

Atomic Number Yes No

Number of Subatomic Particles Yes No

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Number of Valence Electrons Yes No

6. Where are the valence electrons located within an atom?

Explain how to determine the number of valence electrons that an atom has. Valence electrons are an indicator for what property of elements?

7. Fill in the chart for SUBATOMIC PARTICLES:

SUBATOMIC PARTICLE LOCATION CHARGE SIZE (MASS)

Protons

Electrons

Neutrons

8. Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in one Titanium (Ti) atom.

9. Draw a model of SODIUM and label the Subatomic Particles including PROTONS, ELECTRONS, NEUTRONS, VALENCE ELECTRONS, GROUP #, PERIOD #, ELECTRON SHELLS, NUCLEUS.

CHEMICAL FORMULAS/REACTIONS

1. State the Law of Conservation of Mass:

2. When the Law of Conservation of Mass is said to be “conserved”, the chemical equation must be _____________________. This means that the total mass of the _________________________ must equal the total mass of the products.

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3. For each of the following equations, label whether the equation is balanced or unbalanced:

2H2O→ 2H2 +O2

2HCl → 2H2O + 2Cl2O

2C2H2 + 5O2 →4CO2 +2H2O

MgCl2 + NaF → MgF2 + NaCl

4. List the possible examples of evidence that indicate a chemical change has occurred:

5. Draw a model that describes the following chemical equation:

2C2H2 + 5O2 →4CO2 +2H2O

6. Count the total number of elements for each chemical formula, count the number of atoms of each element in the chemical formula, and count the total number of atoms for the following chemical formulas:

Chemical Formula Total Elements

Atoms for each element Total Atoms

C3H8O C= H= O=

NH3 C3H8

NaHCO3

7. List two examples of chemical changes that you have observed in a lab(s) and describe the evidence of the

chemical change that you saw.

8. Balance the following equations: ____ Fe + ____ H2SO4 → ____ Fe2(SO4)3 + ____ H2

____ KOH + ____ H3PO4 → ____ K3PO4 + ____ H2O ____ BF3 + ____ Li2SO3 → ____ B2(SO3)3 + ____ LiF ____ (NH4)3PO4 + ____ Pb(NO3)4 → ____ Pb3(PO4)4 + ____ NH4NO3

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8. Define ion. Then explain how you get a “+” and a “-“ ion.

9. Describe ionic bonding. Give an example of an ionic compound. 10. Describe covalent bonding. Give an example of a covalent compound. 11. Draw the electron dot configuration for each of the following elements. 1. Ar 2. H 3. Ca

12. Label the phase change chart:

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ACIDS AND BASES/REACTIONS AND WATER

1. Label the pH scale with examples of acids and bases.

Examples of solutions at this pH

pH =0

pH = 1

pH = 2

pH = 3

pH = 4

pH = 5

pH = 6

pH = 7

pH = 8

pH = 9

pH = 10

pH = 11

pH = 12

pH = 13

pH = 14

2. Define neutralization reaction –

3. What factors affect reaction rates?

4. Explain why water acts a solvent of ionic compounds.

COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE

1. Describe/Define nebula:________________________________________________________________________

2. Describe/Define star:__________________________________________________________________________

3. Describe/Define Galaxy:________________________________________________________________________

4. List the stages in the life cycle of an Average Star:

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5. Where does the Sun gets its energy?___________________________________________________________

6. Our Sun is currently in which stage? ___________________________________________________________

7. What type of star is our Sun currently (size and color)?_____________________________________________

8. From which star does the Earth receive the most energy? Why? _______________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

9. List three main types of Galaxies:_________________________________________________________________

10. What force keeps the stars together in a galaxy? ____________________________________________________

11. What type of galaxy is the Milky Way Galaxy?____________________________________________________

12. What is our solar system’s location in the Milky Way Galaxy? _______________________________________

13. What causes the planets in our solar system to orbit the sun? _______________________________________

14. Describe the Big Bang Theory and what it suggest about the universe>

15. The HR Diagram shows a relationship between Luminosity and Temperature. What is the relationship between Luminosity and Temperature shown on the diagram?

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EM Spectrum 1. Fill in the blanks underneath the wave spectrum to indicate the relative positions of each type of

electromagnetic radiation from the given word bank.

WAVES 1. Describe how waves reflect – give an example.__________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Describe how waves refract – give an example.__________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

ROTATION and REVOLUTION

1. Rotation of the Earth on its axis causes ____________________ and _____________________.

2. Revolution of the Earth around the Sun causes _____________________________.

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3. Label the seasons on the diagram to the right.

4. Complete the chart for the hours of daylight during each season:

Season Hours of daylight

EARTH-SUN-MOON SYSTEMS 1. Complete the chart for Moon Phase information:

Lunar Phase Illumination Picture

New Moon

Right side or Left side

Right side or Left side

Right side or Left side

Right side or Left side

Full Moon

Right side or Left side

Right side or Left side

Right side or Left side

Right side or Left side

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2. Draw a picture of the Sun-Moon-Earth for Spring Tides:

3. Draw a picture of the Sun-Moon-Earth for Neap Tides:

4. When do high tides and low tides occur? Draw a picture of the Sun-Moon-Earth for high and low tides:

5. Label the moon phases on the diagram

6. How long is the lunar cycle?

7. On the above diagram, label each phase with a date on which that moon could possibly be seen? (Hint: start

at New Moon)