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8th Grade Final Review

Name_______________________

Period______________________

Date_______________________

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American Revolution Review

1. Why were 10,000 British soldiers stationed in the colonies in 1763? (157-158)

2. Why did British troops march to from Boston to Lexington in April 1775? (174)

3. What was the Stamp Act and why did Great Britain issue this tax? (158)

4. Explain the Tea Act and the Boston Tea Party. (166)

5. What two things did the Second Continental Congress agree to create in 1776? (180-181)

6. Which two battles mark the start of the American Revolution? (174)

7. According to the Declaration of Independence, if a government fails to protect the rights of the people,

those people can… (183)

8. The first time that the colonies united to oppose British policy was in response to this act of Parliament.

(158)

9. Who was Patrick Henry? (158)

10. How did the colonies respond to the Intolerable Acts? (171)

11. Explain what happened at the Boston Massacre. (163-164)

12. Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence? (181)

13. Who was the commanding general of the Continental Army?

14. Leader of the Sons of Liberty? (165)

15. Which acts did Britain pass after the Boston Tea Party to punish Massachusetts? (170)

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16. What were Paul Revere and William Dawes role prior to the Battles of Lexington and Concord?

(173-174)

17. In September of 1774 what did the First Continental Congress decide to do in response to the

Intolerable Acts? (171)

18. What are some of the basic rights that all people are entitled to under the Declaration of

Independence? (182)

19. The author of Common Sense. (180)

20. After a series of defeats who led a surprise attack against the Hessians on December 25, 1776 in

Trenton, New Jersey? (199)

21. In 1776, what country began to give aid to the Americans, after the Battle of Saratoga? (206)

22. The last major battle of the war ended when Cornwallis surrendered his force of about 8,000 at what

place? (216)

23. What treaty ended the Revolutionary War? (224)

25. Which British general surrendered to the Continental Army as a result of the Battles of Saratoga?

(201)

26. After the victory at Saratoga, what king recognized the independence of the Colonies? (206)

27. Difficulties faced by General Washington and the Continental Army at the start of the war. (197)

28. Who helped to train Washington’s soldiers at Valley Forge? (209)

29. What did America gain by winning the war? (225)

30. Explain Ben Franklin’s role in the war.

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American Revolution Review

1. Why were 10,000 British soldiers stationed in the colonies in 1763? (157-158) The Proclamation of 1763 did not allow colonists west of the Appalachian Mts. The soldiers where there to

enforce the proclamation.

2. Why did British troops march from Boston to Lexington in April 1775? (174) Looking for patriot weapons and Sam Adams and John Hancock

3. What was the Stamp Act and why did Great Britain issue this tax? (158) Tax on printed materials. To pay the debt from the French and Indian War.

4. Explain the Tea Act and the Boston Tea Party. (166) Tax on Tea and colonists could only buy tea from the East India Company. Colonists (Sons of Liberty) dump

tea into Boston harbor to protest the act.

5. What two things did the Second Continental Congress agree to create in 1776? (180-181) Formed the Continental Army- made George Washington the commanding general.

Declaration of Independence.

6. Which two battles mark the start of the American Revolution? (174) Lexington and Concord

7. According to the Declaration of Independence, if a government fails to protect the rights of the people,

those people can… (183) Abolish the government.

8. The first time that the colonies united to oppose British policy was in response to this act of Parliament.

(158) Stamp Act

9. Who was Patrick Henry? (158) Virginia delegate who called for resistance to the Stamp Act

10. How did the colonies respond to the Intolerable Acts? (171) Boycotted British goods. Sent Supplies to Boston

11. Explain what happened at the Boston Massacre. (163-164) 5 colonists killed by British soldiers.

12. Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence? (181) Thomas Jefferson

13. Who was the commanding general of the Continental Army?

George Washington

14. Leader of the Sons of Liberty? (165)

Samuel Adams

15. Which acts did Britain pass after the Boston Tea Party to punish Massachusetts? (170) Intolerable Acts

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16. What were Paul Revere and William Dawes role prior to the Battles of Lexington and Concord? (173-

174)

Rode to warn the other colonists that the British were coming

17. In September of 1774 what did the First Continental Congress decide to do in response to the Intolerable

Acts? (171) Get militias ready, boycott British goods.

18. What are some of the basic rights that all people are entitled to under the Declaration of

Independence? (182)

Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness

19. The author of Common Sense. (180)

Thomas Paine

20. After a series of defeats who led a surprise attack against the Hessians on December 25, 1776 in

Trenton, New Jersey? (199)

George Washington

21. In 1776, what country began to give aid to the Americans, after the Battle of Saratoga? (206)

France

22. The last major battle of the war ended when Cornwallis surrendered his force of about 8,000 at

what place? (216)

Yorktown

23. What treaty ended the Revolutionary War? (224)

Paris

24. Who was the commander of the Continental Army? (197)

George Washington

25. Which British general surrendered to the Continental Army as a result of the Battles of

Saratoga? (201) Burgoyne

26. After the victory at Saratoga, what king recognized the independence of the Colonies? (206)

Louis 14th

(XIV)

27. Difficulties faced by General Washington and the Continental Army at the start of the war.

(197)

Poor training and equipment, didn’t have enough soldiers, disease.

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28. Who helped to train Washington’s soldiers at Valley Forge? (209)

Baron Von Stueben

29. What did America gain by winning the war? (225)

Land to the Mississippi River, and Independence

30. Explain Ben Franklin’s role in the war.

Got France to support the Colonies with aid.

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Creating Constitution Review

1. Explain the main weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. Be sure you understand why each is a

weakness. P. 236

2. What is the connection between Shays’ Rebellion and the calling of the Constitutional Convention?

p.235-36

3. Explain the core philosophies of John Locke, and Baron de Montesquieu.

4. Explain the 3/5 and Great Compromises? P. 345-346

5. Which document was written by the Pilgrims and created the America’s “first written constitution”.

Civics p.22

6. Explain who wrote and what is stated in the Virginia Plan. P. 345-346

7. Explain who wrote and what is stated in the New Jersey Plan. P. 345-346

8. This type of government allows all citizens to vote on laws and decisions made within the country.

Civics p. 7 and 17

9. Citizens elect other people to represent them in this government. Civics p. 7 and 17

10.

11. Explain the difference between the two types of dictatorships. Civics p. 7

12. How did Thomas Jefferson influence the Constitution even though he wasn’t at the Constitutional

Convention? p. 244-245

13. Explain James Madison’s, George Washington’s and Ben Franklin’s role at the Constitutional

Convention. p. 243-245

14. This document took away the monarch’s power to tax, and gave it to the Parliament.

Civics p. 19-20

15. Explain the significance of the Magna Carta. Civics p. 19

16. The ideas of unalienable rights of life, liberty and happiness, which are in the Constitution, stem from

this document. P. 180-181

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17. Explain the differences between a Federalist and an Anti-Federalist (Democratic Republican) p. 250

18. Explain the obligations and responsibilities of citizenship: p. 300-307

Going to School-

Obeying the law-

Paying taxes-

Jury duty-

Register for the draft-

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Creating Constitution Review

1. Explain the main weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. Be sure you understand why each

is a weakness. P. 236

• No executive branch, or judicial branch- No President, No Supreme Court • Congress couldn’t

enforce laws

couldn’t collect taxes- only the states could

regulate interstate or foreign trade

establish any other federal(national) courts

amend(change) the Articles of Confederation.

2. What is the connection between Shays’ Rebellion and the calling of the Constitutional

Convention? p.235-36

Shays’ Rebellion exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Shays’ rebellion showed people that a stronger national government was

needed in case other uprisings happened in the future.

3. Explain the core philosophies of John Locke, and Baron de Montesquieu.

Locke- That people have inalienable rights life, liberty and property. If those rights are being

taken way the people can replace there government.

Montesquieu-The government’s power should be divided into branches that can check and balance

each other’s power

4. Explain the 3/5 and Great Compromises? P. 345-346

It was decided to count each slave as 3/5 of a person. 60% of a state’s slave population could be

counted for representation in the House of Rep. It was also decided that Congress couldn’t ban the

slave trade until 1808.

Also called the Connecticut Plan. Proposed by Roger Sherman of Connecticut.

Each state would have an equal number of votes (2) in the Senate (Upper House). In the

House of Representatives (Lower House) representation for each state would be

based on population. Every 30,000 people would give a state one more

representatives. NJ + VA Plans

5. Which document was written by the Pilgrims and created the America’s “first written

constitution”. Civics p.22 Mayflower Compact

6. Explain who wrote and what is stated in the Virginia Plan. P. 345-346

The Virginia Plan called for three branches of government (executive, judicial and

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legislative). Each branch could check or limit the power of the other branches. The main

thing it asked for was a two-house Congress (bicameral). The number of representatives a

state sent to both the upper and lower house would be based on a state’s population. This

plan favored the larger states. Proposed by James Madison and Edmund Randolph of VA.

7. Explain who wrote and what is stated in the New Jersey Plan. P. 345-346

The New Jersey or “small states” plan called for a single house in Congress

and that each state have an equal number of votes. Proposed by William Patterson of NJ.

8. This type of government allows all citizens to vote on laws and decisions made within the

country. Civics p. 7 and 17 Direct Democracy

9. Citizens elect other people to represent them in this government. Civics p. 7 and 17

Representative Democracy (Republic)

10. Explain the difference between the two types of dictatorships. Civics p. 7

Autocracy- One person Oligarchy- Small Group

11. How did Thomas Jefferson influence the Constitution even though he wasn’t at the Constitutional

Convention? p. 244-245 Declaration of Independence

People are born with natural rights (unalienable rights) that can’t be taken away by the

government, all men are created equal, and they have a right to life, liberty and the pursuit of

happiness (property). Many of these ideas are used in the U.S. Constitution.

12. Explain James Madison’s, George Washington’s and Ben Franklin’s role at the Constitutional

Convention. p. 243-245

Madison- Father of the Constitution- Took notes and wrote the Constitution.

Washington- President of the Constitutional Convention

Franklin- Help to get the delegates to work together. Peace keeper.

13. This document took away the monarch’s power to tax, and gave it to the Parliament.

Civics p. 19-20 English Bill of Rights

14. Explain the significance of the Magna Carta. Civics p. 19

Took power away from the King John of England and gave it to the nobles/ barons.

Created Parliament- only for the nobility (aristocracy- rich powerful people). Trial by

jury, due process of law- King could not put someone in jail or executed them

without a proper trial. Eventually these rights would be given to all English citizens.

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15. The ideas of unalienable rights of life, liberty and happiness, which are in the Constitution, stem

from this document. P. 180-181 Declaration of Independence

16. Explain the differences between a Federalist and an Anti-Federalist (Democratic Republican) p.

250

The Federalists (support ratification) responded to this concern with the idea of Federalism.

Powers would be shared between the states and the National (federal) government. They liked

the idea of a stronger national government.

The Antifederalists (against ratification) thought the new Constitution took too much power

away from the states, there was no bill of rights and they feared a strong President could

become a king (executive branch) and the Senate could become an elite ruling class.

17. Explain the obligations and responsibilities of citizenship: p. 300-307

Going to School- Legally require to attend school

Obeying the law- All citizens must follow the law.

Paying taxes- Legally required to pay taxes to the government so they can provided needed services to the

people. Registering for selective service

Jury duty- If called a citizen must legally serve on a jury.

Register for the draft- At 18 men must register with th selective service

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U.S. Constitution Review

Use Pages 260-307

1. This branch is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

2. This is a system of government in which power is divided between a central government and the states.

3. This principle is based on the idea that people exercise their political power by voting for

representatives to speak for them in government.

4. This Article of the Constitution concerns the duties of the legislative branch of government.

5. This leader of the executive branch of government serves as the commander in chief of the armed

forces.

6. This principle deals with personal liberties and privileges.

7. This principle states that all citizens must obey the law, even government officials

8. Government in which the people rule and make decisions through voting.

9. Each branch exercises controls over the other branches

10. This includes the first ten amendments to the Constitution, and protects a citizen’s basic freedoms.

11. This case established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review, which meant it could now

declare laws unconstitutional.

12. Which part of government has the power to make treaties with foreign governments with Senate

approval?

13. The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional is an example of which of the seven

principles of the Constitution?

14. Which branch has the power to declare war?

15. Which principle of the Constitution describes the division of government into three branches?

16. How are members of the Supreme Court chosen?

17. Under the Sixth Amendment, a person accused of a crime has the right to

18. How can Congress override a presidential veto?

19. Which positions in government does the Senate have the power to confirm?

20. What are some ways the President can check the power of the Congress?

21. Know the similarities and difference of how a law is made at the state and federal level.

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22. How many electoral votes must a candidate receive to become President?

23. Name the Amendment- The right to an attorney and a speedy trial.

24. Name the Amendment- Freedom of speech, religion, press, to peaceably assemble, and petition the

government if you have grievances.

25. Name the Amendment- A person can’t be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process.

No person will be made to stand trial for the same crime twice (double jeopardy).

26. Before the police can conduct a search of a person’s home they must have these two things before

starting the search.

27. This case established that a person must be given a lawyer if they can’t afford one.

28. This case established that a person arrested for committing a crime must be read their rights. Such as

the right to remain silent, and to have a lawyer present during questioning.

29. How can the Congress check the power of the President?

30. This person is responsible for presiding over the Senate and voting on a bill when there is a tie vote.

31. This person is the leader of the House of Representatives.

32. The term of office for a Senator is, for a Representative.

33. A citizen is legally required to do these civic responsibilities.

34. Qualifications and term of office for the President.

35. What are the three ways for a person to become a citizen of the U.S.?

36. Nine years a citizen of the U.S., live in the state you represent, 30 years of age, are qualification to be

elected to…

37. Describe the following principles on which the Constitution (as the Supreme Law of the Land) was

founded:

federalism (i.e., enumerated, reserved, and concurrent powers)-

popular sovereignty-

Separation of Powers-

checks and balances-

limited government-

flexibility (i.e., Elastic Clause, amendment process)-

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U.S. Constitution Review

Use Pages 260-307

1. This branch is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Legislative- Congress

2. This is a system of government in which power is divided between a central government and the states.

Federalism

3. This principle is based on the idea that people exercise their political power by voting for

representatives to speak for them in government. Republicanism

4. This Article of the Constitution concerns the duties of the legislative branch of government.

Article 1

5. This leader of the executive branch of government serves as the commander in chief of the armed

forces. President

6. This principle deals with personal liberties and privileges. Individual Rights

7. This principle states that all citizens must obey the law, even government officials

Limited Government

8. Government in which the people rule and make decisions through voting. Popular Sovereignty

9. Each branch exercises controls over the other branches Checks and Balances

10. This includes the first ten amendments to the Constitution, and protects a citizen’s basic freedoms.

Bill of Rights

11. This case established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review, which meant it could now

declare laws unconstitutional. Marbury v. Madison

12. Which part of government has the power to make treaties with foreign governments with Senate

approval? Executive- President

13. The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional is an example of which of the seven

principles of the Constitution? Checks and Balances

14. Which branch has the power to declare war? Legislative-Congress

15. Which principle of the Constitution describes the division of government into three branches?

Separation of Powers

16. How are members of the Supreme Court chosen? By the President approved in the Senate

17. Under the Sixth Amendment, a person accused of a crime has the right to attorney/ lawyer

18. How can Congress override a presidential veto? 2/3 vote of both houses of Congress

19. Which positions in government does the Senate have the power to confirm? Positions in the

executive branch and judicial branch

20. What are some ways the President can check the power of the Congress? Veto, call Congress into

special law making session,

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21. Know the similarities and difference of how a law is made at the state and federal level.

Similarities- Law must pass both houses in Congress and the State Legislature, Bill goes to

committees, President/ governor sign bill into law. President/ Governor can veto a law. Congress/

State legislature can override a veto.

Differences- Number of representatives in Congress and State Legislature are different.

Governors have the line item veto.

22. How many electoral votes must a candidate receive to become President? 270

23. Name the Amendment- The right to an attorney and a speedy trial. 6th

24. Name the Amendment- Freedom of speech, religion, press, to peaceably assemble, and petition the

government if you have grievances. 1st

25. Name the Amendment- A person can’t be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process.

No person will be made to stand trial for the same crime twice (double jeopardy). 5th

26. Before the police can conduct a search of a person’s home they must have these two things before

starting the search. Probable cause/ search warrant

27. This case established that a person must be given a lawyer if they can’t afford one.

Gideon v. Wainwright 28. This case established that a person arrested for committing a crime must be read their rights. Such as

the right to remain silent, and to have a lawyer present during questioning. Miranda v. AZ

29. How can the Congress check the power of the President? Impeachment, override veto, approve

appointments

30. This person is responsible for presiding over the Senate and voting on a bill when there is a tie vote.

Vice President

31. This person is the leader of the House of Representatives. Speaker of the House

32. The term of office for a Senator is, for a Representative. 6 yrs. 2 yrs.

33. A citizen is legally required to do these civic responsibilities.

34. Qualifications and term of office for the President. 35yrs. Natural born, 14 year lived in U.S.

35. What are the three ways for a person to become a citizen of the U.S.? Natural born, Naturalization,

parents become citizens before child reaches 18yrs. old.

36. Nine years a citizen of the U.S., live in the state you represent, 30 years of age, are qualification to be

elected to… Senate

37. Describe the following principles on which the Constitution (as the Supreme Law of the Land) was

founded:

federalism (i.e., enumerated, reserved, and concurrent powers)-

Powers divided between state and federal government- enumerated ( delegated) National

Powers, reserved- state, concurrent- both state and federal.

popular sovereignty- People rule

Separation of Powers- divide government into branches

checks and balances- Branches can check or limit the powers of the other branches.

limited government- No person is above the law.

flexibility (i.e., Elastic Clause, amendment process)- Our Constitution can be changed.

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WWII Review

1. Name political party in Germany Adolf Hitler rose to power through. p. 808

2. What happened at the Munich Agreement? p. 808

3. This event led Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany and is seen as the starting point of

WWII? p. 810

4. Name the Big Three” Allied leaders during WWII. p. 824

5. List out the causes of WWII. p. 807-811

6. Who was Dwight D. Eisenhower? p. 820

7. What is significant about D-Day? p. 822

8. What is significant about the Battle of the Bulge? p. 823

9. Why did Japan attack the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor as well as other countries in Asia? p.811

10. By the time the U.S. entered the war in 1941, which two allied countries were the only ones not taken

over by the Axis? p. 809

11. What importance did the Japanese islands of Okinawa and Iwo Jima have for the United States? p.830

12. What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan? p. 834

13. How did the nation of Israel come into existence? p. 837

14. What was the U.S economy like during WWII and what did this mean for women and minorities? p.

815

15. Name the political philosophy that advocated extreme patriotism, racism, and a strong nationalistic

dictatorship. p. 808

16. Define rationing. What type of items did Americans ration? p. 814

17. What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in Korematsu vs. United States? p. 816

18. Circle the battle(s) that are considered a turning point in WWII. p. 821 Battle of Dunkirk Battle of Stalingrad Battle of Midway Battle of the Bulge Invasion of Poland

19. What was Executive Order 9066? p. 816

20. What was the job of the War Production Board? p. 813

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21. Describes how Germany came to surrender in WWII. p. 824

22. What was the Holocaust? p. 824

23. T / F Allies wanted to invade North Africa before Europe to gain control of the Mediterranean Sea. p.

819

24. When is V-E Day, V-J Day? p. 824 p. 831

25. What is the importance of the Battle of Midway? p. 826

26. What happened at the Nuremberg Trials? p. 834

27. How was America’s commitment to the United Nations different from that of the League of Nations

after WWI? p. 835

28. What was the GI Bill? p. 836

29. President Truman ordered the atomic bombs dropped on which two Japanese cities? p. 831

30. What is Anti-Semitism? p. 825

31. In which theater (Europe or Pacific) of the war were the Navajo Code Talkers stationed? p. 830

32. What general oversaw the rebuilding of Japan after the war and helped to write their constitution? He

had served as the Supreme Allied Commander in the Pacific. p. 828

33. Name given to the secret program to create the Atomic bomb. p. 831

34. What happen to the boundaries of Germany after the war? p. 843

35. This WWI treaty caused WWII because it forced Germany to take full blame for the war. p. 742

36. Why did the U.S. government sell war bonds? p. 814

37. T / F During the war the number women and minorities in the work force increased. p. 815

38. T / F During Franklin Roosevelt’s presidency unemployment went down.

He started the New Deal which along with WWII brought The Great Depression to an end. The United

States' Gross National Product went up. p. 813

39. What role did General George Patton play in the Battle of the Bulge? p. 823

40. T / F The rebuilding of Germany and Japan after the war proved to be very easy. p. 834

41. What were some events that marked the start of the Cold War? p. 837

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WWII Review

1. Name political party in Germany Adolf Hitler rose to power through. p. 808

Nazi

2. What happened at the Munich Agreement? p. 808

Allied Powers of France and Great Britain appeased Hitler and allowed him to take part of

Czechoslovakia. Hitler promised not to attack any more countries in Europe- He beaks his promise.

3. This event led Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany and is seen as the starting point of

WWII? p. 810 Germany’s invasion of Poland.

4. Name the Big Three” Allied leaders during WWII. p. 824 Churchill, Stalin, Roosevelt (Truman)

5. List out the causes of WWII. p. 807-811

Treaty of Versailles- Punishes Germany.

Rise of Nationalism, Fascism and Dictatorships

Great Depression

Munich Agreement

Attack on Pearl Harbor.

6. Who was Dwight D. Eisenhower? p. 820 Supreme Allied Commander in Europe.

7. What is significant about D-Day? p. 822 Allied Invasion of Europe at Normandy France. Largest air,

land and sea invasion in history.

8. What is significant about the Battle of the Bulge? p. 823 Germany’s final offensive in WWII. Allies

win, which opens the way for defeat of Germany.

9. Why did Japan attack the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor as well as other countries in Asia? p.811

To remove the U.S. Navy- so they could continue to expand in Asia looking for raw materials.

10. By the time the U.S. entered the war in 1941, which two allied countries were the only ones not taken

over by the Axis? p. 809 Great Britain and Soviet Union (Russia)

11. What importance did the Japanese islands of Okinawa and Iwo Jima have for the United States? p.830

They had airbases on them that the U.S. wanted to bomb Japan- Okinawa is a part of the Japan.

2. What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan? p. 834 Gave money to countries in Europe to recover

from the war- had to promise not to be Communist.

13. How did the nation of Israel come into existence? p. 837 Was created as a homeland for the Jews of

after the Holocaust.

14. What was the U.S economy like during WWII and what did this mean for women and minorities? p.

815 Economy was very strong- Industry start to make consumer goods instead of war materials.

15. Name the political philosophy that advocated extreme patriotism, racism, and a strong nationalistic

dictatorship. p. 808 Fascism

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16. Define rationing. What type of items did Americans ration? p. 814

Conserving materials that are is short supply. Oil, food, rubber, metal…

17. What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in Korematsu vs. United States? p. 816

Ruled that the internment of Japanese Americans was necessary for national security.

18. Circle the battle(s) that are considered a turning point in WWII. p. 821 Battle of Dunkirk Battle of Stalingrad Battle of Midway Battle of the Bulge Invasion of Poland

19. What was Executive Order 9066? p. 816 Called for the internment of Japanese Americans.

20. What was the job of the War Production Board? p. 813 Government agency that supervised the

production of war materials during WWII.

21. Describes how Germany came to surrender in WWII. p. 824 Hitler Kills himself. Allies occupy

Germany.

22. What was the Holocaust? p. 824 Systematic killing of 6 million Jews and 5 million other people

during WWII by Nazi Germany.

23. T / F Allies wanted to invade North Africa before Europe to gain control of the Mediterranean Sea. p.

819

24. When is V-E Day, V-J Day? p. 824 p. 831 Surrender of Germany- Surrender of Japan.

25. What is the importance of the Battle of Midway? p. 826 Turning point battle in the Pacific. U.S.

Navy stops the Japanese advance.

26. What happened at the Nuremberg Trials? p. 834 Nazi leaders put on trial for war crimes after WWII.

27. How was America’s commitment to the United Nations different from that of the League of Nations

after WWI? p. 835 U.S. became a leader in the UN and heavily supported its creation- we didn’t for the

League of Nations.

28. What was the GI Bill? p. 836 gave money to returning servicemen for education and loans.

29. President Truman ordered the atomic bombs dropped on which two Japanese cities? p. 831

Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

30. What is Anti-Semitism? p. 825 prejudice and hatred towards Jews.

31. In which theater (Europe or Pacific) of the war were the Navajo Code Talkers stationed? p. 830

Pacific

32. What general oversaw the rebuilding of Japan after the war and helped to write their constitution? He

had served as the Supreme Allied Commander in the Pacific. p. 828 MacArthur

33. Name given to the secret program to create the Atomic bomb. p. 831 Manhattan Project

34. What happen to the boundaries of Germany after the war? p. 843

Loses Territory- country split in two- West Germany and East Germany.

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35. This WWI treaty caused WWII because it forced Germany to take full blame for the war. p. 742

Versailles

36. Why did the U.S. government sell war bonds? p. 814

Raise money to fight the war

37. T / F During the war the number women and minorities in the work force increased. p. 815

38. T / F During Franklin Roosevelt’s presidency unemployment went down.

He started the New Deal which along with WWII brought The Great Depression to an end. The United

States' Gross National Product went up. p. 813

39. What role did General George Patton play in the Battle of the Bulge? p. 823 Patton

40. T / F The rebuilding of Germany and Japan after the war proved to be very easy. p. 834

41. What were some events that marked the start of the Cold War? p. 837 US and USSR started to distrust and compete with one another after the war.

Development of the atomic bomb

Competing to spread type of government and economic system.

Dividing of Germany- and Europe after WWII.

20

Cold War/ Post War America Review

1. U.S. and British planes carried food and supplies into this city after the Soviet Union blockaded it. p.

847

2. This term refers to reckless charges against innocent civilians suspected of being communists. It is

named after this Wisconsin senator who tried to find communists in the United States. p. 851

3. This program gave financial aid to countries in Europe fighting to maintain democracy. p. 848

4. The Korean War started when North Korea invaded this country? p. 852

5. Name the alliance made up of the U.S. Canada and several other nations in Western Europe. p. 848

6. In 1949, this country became communist when Nationalist forces were defeated in a civil war. p. 851

7. The launching of Sputnik began this between the United States and the Soviet Union.

p. 855

8. Name given to the United States’ policy of trying to stop the spread of communism around the world.

p. 848

9. How did the Marshall Plan aim to prevent the spread of communism? p. 848

10. What was the Warsaw Pact? p. 848

11. How did the Korean War end? p. 853

12. What did the House Un-American Activities Committee have in common with Senator Joseph

McCarthy? p. 853

13. What do we call the buildup of nuclear weapons between the United States and the Soviet Union

during the Cold War? p. 854

14. What was the United States government afraid was going to spread after WWII. p. 849

15. Explain how China came to be involved in the Korean War. p. 852

16. This type of economy dominated in the West, it is characterized by competition for profits and the

little government control of the economy. Civics Text Ch. 15 p. 243-244

21

17. In this type of economic system the government controls all the factors of production. Individuals

have little to no say in how economic decisions are made. Civics p. 243

18. What was the “Baby Boom”? p. 859-861

19. Name some causes of the Cold War. p. 847-848

20. This refers to America’s trying to stop the spread of communism. p. 847-848

21. This agency in the U.S. government is responsible for collecting secret information on other nations.

22. This husband and wife were convicted of spying for the Soviet Union and executed.

p. 854-855

23. After WWII, many people started to move out of the cities and into these types of areas where they

could buy affordable houses. P. 860

24. What are some ideas that characterized life in the 1950s in America? p. 859-861

25. What is “market price”? Civics p. 246

26. What was the U-2 incident? p. 854-855

27. Define the terms “East” and “West” during the Cold War. p. 847-848

22

Cold War/ Post War America Review

1. U.S. and British planes carried food and supplies into this city after the Soviet Union blockaded

it. Berlin

2. This term refers to reckless charges against innocent civilians suspected of being communists. It

is named after this Wisconsin senator who tried to find communists in the United States.

McCarthyism- Sen. Joseph McCarthy

3. This program gave financial aid to countries in Europe fighting to maintain democracy.

Truman Doctrine- Marshall Plan

4. The Korean War started when North Korea invaded this country? S. Korea

5. Name the alliance made up of the U.S. Canada and several other nations in Western Europe.

NATO

6. In 1949, this country became communist when Nationalist forces were defeated in a civil war.

China

7. The launching of Sputnik began this between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Space Race

8. Name given to the United States’ policy of trying to stop the spread of communism around the

world. Containment

9. How did the Marshall Plan aim to prevent the spread of communism?

Gave money to nations in Europe if they supported a democratic government.

10. What was the Warsaw Pact?

Communist alliance in Europe was led by the Soviet Union

11. How did the Korean War end? In a stalemate- Korea remains divided at the 38th

Parallel. N.

Korea is more isolated, War technically never ended.

12. What did the House Un-American Activities Committee have in common with Senator Joseph

McCarthy? Both launched hunts against suspected Communists

13. What do we call the build up of nuclear weapons between the United States and the Soviet

Union during the Cold War?

Arms Race

14. What was the United States government afraid was going to spreading after WWII.

Communism

15. Explain how China came to be involved in the Korean War.

China felt threatened by U.S. / U.N. forces being so close to their country.

23

16. This type of economy dominated in the West, it is characterized by competition for profits and

the little government control of the economy. Civics Text Ch 15 p. 243-244

Capitalism or Market Economy

17. In this type of economic system the government controls all the factors of production.

Individuals have little to no say in how economic decisions are made. Civics Text Ch 15 p. 243

Communism

18. What was the “Baby Boom”? p. 859-861

Large growth in the U.S. Population during the 1950s

20. Name some causes of the Cold War. p. 847-848

Communist taking over countries in Eastern Europe

Berlin Blockade and Airlift

Fear on both sides

Competition- Space, Arms Race

20. This refers to America’s trying to stop the spread of communism. p. 847-848

Containment

21. This agency in the U.S. government is responsible for collecting secret information on other

nations. Central Intelligence Agency CIA

22. This husband and wife were convicted of spying for the Soviet Union and executed.

p. 854-855

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

23. After WWII, many people started to move out of the cities and into these types of areas where

they could buy affordable houses. P. 860

Suburbs

24. What are some ideas that characterized life in the 1950s in America? p. 859-861

Conformity, Growth of Consumerism, Red Scare

25.What is “market price”? Civics Text Ch. 15 p. 246

Where supply and demand meet. Price seller is willing to sell and buyer is willing to buy.

28. What was the U-2 incident? p. 854-855

U.S. spy plane shot down over the U.S.S.R.. Gave proof that the U.S. was also spying

during the Cold War

29. Define the terms “East” and “West” during the Cold War. p. 847-848

East- Communist, non-democratic governments

West- Capitalism, democracy, freedom

24

Civil Rights Movement and Vietnam War Review

1. What was LBJ’s (President Johnson) program to end poverty and racial injustice called? Pg. 889

2. Which two leaders worked to gain equal rights and fair treatment for farm workers? Pg. 896

3. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do? Pg. 888

4. How did the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act affect Native Americans? Pg.

897

5. What was decided in Plessy v. Ferguson? Pg. 874

6. Which two acts have helped reduce inequality among men and women? Pg. 900

7. How did the protections offered by the Voting Rights Act of 1965 differ from those provided by the

Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Twenty-Fourth Amendment? Pg. 889

8. Who is Dolores Huerta? Pg. 896

9. What was the purpose of the Voting Rights Act? Pg. 889

10. What did Rosa Parks do? Pg. 877

11. What were Jim Crow laws? Pg. 873

12. Who founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)? Pg. 880

13. Which act banned the requirement to read from being able to vote? Pg. 889

14. Which act banned segregation in public places? Pg. 888

15. What did the Equal Rights Amendment attempt to accomplish? Pg. 900

16. How many states actually ratified the ERA, how many were needed? Pg. 900

17. Who helped found the United Farm Workers? Pg. 896

18. What events helped to get the Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed through Congress? Pg. 888

19. Why was the March on Washington DC important? Pg. 887

20. What are some examples of non-violent protests that were used during the Civil Rights movement?

Pg. 877-883

21. This Supreme Court case ended segregation in public school. Pg. 878

22. The idea that if Vietnam fell to communism, the rest of Southeast Asia would soon follow. p. 911

25

23. He founded the Indochinese Communist Party and led the fight against foreign rule in Vietnam. p.

910

24. Which European nation controlled the Indochina region of Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Laos, and

Cambodia)? p. 910

25. He served as president of South Vietnam until he was overthrown by a military coup in 1963. p. 911

26. This executive order gave the President the power to use military force in Vietnam. p. 916

27. What was the significance of the Tet Offensive in 1968? p. 919

28. What is stated in the 26th Amendment? p. 928

29. Which President launched a secret bombing campaign into Cambodia? p. 925

30. Explain the War Powers Act. p. 929

31. Why did some Americans think the draft was unfair during Vietnam? p. 922

32. Who were the Viet Cong? p. 913

33. Why was Vietnam split into two separate countries during the Geneva Accords? p. 911

34. How did Truman and Eisenhower explain the U.S. role in Vietnam? p. 911

35. Why did President Kennedy increase military aid to South Vietnam? p. 913

36. Explain President Nixon’s strategy of “Vietnamization”. p. 925

37. What was the significance of the Ho Chi Minh trail during the Vietnam War? p. 913

38. What were some long term effects of the war on the United States? p. 928

39. Explain what happened during the 1973 Paris cease-fire agreement. p. 927

40. The war in Vietnam officially came to an end when the Communists captured this city in 1975.

41. Four students were killed during an anti-war protest at this university in Ohio.

26

Civil Rights Movement and Vietnam War Review

1. What was LBJ’s (President Johnson) program to end poverty and racial injustice called? Pg. 889

Great Society

2. Which two leaders worked to gain equal rights and fair treatment for farm workers? Pg. 896

Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta

3. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do? Pg. 888

Ended segregation in public places

4. How did the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act affect Native Americans? Pg.

897

Gave Native Americans more control over social programs law enforcement, hunting rights, water

rights and education. Some land returned.

5. What was decided in Plessy v. Ferguson? Pg. 874

Created separate but equal- allowed segregation

6. Which two acts have helped reduce inequality among men and women? Pg. 900

Title IX (Higher Education Act of 1972) and Civil Rights Act of 1964----- Not ERA it was never passed

7. How did the protections offered by the Voting Rights Act of 1965 differ from those provided by the

Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Twenty-Fourth Amendment? Pg. 889

It banned literacy tests and sent federal officials to register voters.

8. Who is Dolores Huerta? Pg. 896

Helped to start the United Farm Workers along with Cesar Chavez to gain rights for migrant farm

workers.

9. What was the purpose of the Voting Rights Act? Pg. 889

Stopped literacy test which was being used to stop African-Americans from voting.

10. What did Rosa Parks do? Pg. 877

Started the Montgomery bus boycott by refusing to give up her seat on a segregated bus to a white

person.

11. What were Jim Crow laws? Pg. 873 Segregation Laws

27

12. Who founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)? Pg. 880

MLK with other religious leaders

13. Which act banned the requirement to read from being able to vote? Pg. 889

Voting Rights Act of 1965

14. Which act banned segregation in public places? Pg. 888

Civil Rights Act of 1964

15. What did the Equal Rights Amendment attempt to accomplish? Pg. 900

Stop discrimination based on gender.

16. How many states actually ratified the ERA, how many were needed? Pg. 900

35/38

17. Who helped found the United Farm Workers? Pg. 896

Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta

18. What events helped to get the Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed through Congress? Pg. 888

March on Washington for Freedom and Jobs

19. Why was the March on Washington DC important? Pg. 887

Helped to get Civil Rights laws passed. King’s “I Have A Dream” Speech.

20. What are some examples of non-violent protests that were used during the Civil Rights

movement? Pg. 877-883

Civil disobedience, marches, sit-ins, strikes, boycotts

21. This Supreme Court case ended segregation in public school. Pg. 878

Brown v. Board of Education in Topeka KS.

22. The idea that if Vietnam fell to communism, the rest of Southeast Asia would soon

follow. p. 911

Domino Theory

23. He founded the Indochinese Communist Party and led the fight against foreign rule in

Vietnam. p. 910 Ho Chi Minh

28