8th Grade-Ch. 4 Sec. 2 Characteristics of Stars
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Transcript of 8th Grade-Ch. 4 Sec. 2 Characteristics of Stars
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CH. 4CH. 4Sec. 2 Sec. 2
Characteristics of StarsCharacteristics of Stars
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constellationconstellation
• pattern of stars in sky
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Orion the Hunter
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Can you identify these constellations?
3.
1. 2.
4.
Cygnus the Swan
Pisces the FishGemini the Twins
Hydra the Snake
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Main characteristics
Used to Classify
stars
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main characteristics
used to classify
stars
Color Temp. size chemical composition
brightness
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color & temp.color & temp.• star’s color tells its temp.• range from hottest coolest
–blue or blue-whitewhite red
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Colors and Temperatures of Stars video clip
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sizesize• smallest largest:1. neutron star
2. white dwarf star
3. medium-sized star
4. giant star
5.supergiant star
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spectrographspectrograph
• breaks light into colors & produces image of resulting spectrum
• tells stars:
1. chemical composition
2. temperature
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• amount of light given off• depends on size & temp.• described in 2 ways:
brightness
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apparent brightnessbrightness as seen from Earth
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absolute brightness brightness star would have if it were @
standard distance from Earth
The streetlights in this photo all give off about the same amount of light, and so have about the same absolute brightness.
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light year• distance that light travels in 1 year
• = 9.5 million million (trillion) km
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You and your friend are sitting behind a woman with a large hat. Why is your view of the screen different from your friend’s view?
Parallax at the Movies
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parallaxparallax• method astronomers use to measure
distances to nearby stars
• apparent change in position of an object when you look @ it from different places
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Why do nearby stars appear to change position between January and July?
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• graph that shows relationship between
surface temp. & brightness
• most stars= main sequence- diagonal line
in ctr. of graph
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
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The constellation, Orion includes the red supergiant Betelgeuse, the blue supergiant Rigel, and many other main sequence and giant stars.