Bones, Muscles and Bones, Muscles and SkinSkin

The Skeletal SystemThe Skeletal System

Skeletal SystemSkeletal System Main FunctionMain Function

Support the bodySupport the body Anchor point for muscle attachmentAnchor point for muscle attachment Protect vital organsProtect vital organs

206206 bones bones in the body in the body ½ are in the hands and feet ½ are in the hands and feet 2 main parts 2 main parts

Axial SkeletonAxial Skeleton Appendicular Appendicular SkeletonSkeleton

6 smallest in the 6 smallest in the middle ear :middle ear :MalleusMalleus, , Incus, StapesIncus, Stapes

(hammer anvil & (hammer anvil & stirrup)stirrup)

The Axial SkeletonThe Axial Skeleton Bones of the head & trunk Bones of the head & trunk

Skull, Spine & Rib CageSkull, Spine & Rib Cage Vertebral column – Vertebral column – 33-3433-34

bones in bones in 5 regions5 regions Separated by cushioning Separated by cushioning

cartilaginous diskscartilaginous disks Cervical RegionCervical Region

7 vertebrae7 vertebrae 11stst vertebrae called the vertebrae called the

AtlasAtlas 22ndnd Vertebrae called the Vertebrae called the

AxisAxis

The Axial SkeletonThe Axial Skeleton Bones of the head & trunk Bones of the head & trunk

Thoracic RegionThoracic Region 12 vertebrae w rib pairs 12 vertebrae w rib pairs

attachedattached 11stst 7 are 7 are true ribstrue ribs – connected to – connected to

the sternumthe sternum Next 3 have Next 3 have false ribsfalse ribs – attached – attached

to the last true rib w/ cartilageto the last true rib w/ cartilage Last 2 vertebrae have Last 2 vertebrae have floating floating

ribsribs attached attached Sternum (Breast Bone)Sternum (Breast Bone) XiphoidXiphoid process process

The Axial SkeletonThe Axial Skeleton Bones of the head & trunk Bones of the head & trunk

Lumbar RegionLumbar Region – (lower – (lower back) w/ 5 ribsback) w/ 5 ribs

Sacrum Sacrum – 4-5 fused to – 4-5 fused to help make up the pelvishelp make up the pelvis

Coccyx RegionCoccyx Region – the – the ““tail tail bonebone”” – made up of 4 – made up of 4 fused vertebraefused vertebrae

The Axial SkeletonThe Axial Skeleton The Cranium (Skull) – about 22 The Cranium (Skull) – about 22

bonesbones

Frontal Bone, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, Nasal, Maxilla, Mandible, Zygomatic,

The Appendicular SkeletonThe Appendicular Skeleton The arms, legs, hands, feet, The arms, legs, hands, feet,

pectoral and pelvic girdlespectoral and pelvic girdles

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Name the 5 regions of the spineName the 5 regions of the spine

SWBAT- Explain the role that joints SWBAT- Explain the role that joints play in the body play in the body

The Appendicular SkeletonThe Appendicular Skeleton The The pectoral and pelvic girdlespectoral and pelvic girdles

Pectoral Girdal: Scapula, Clavicle, head of the Humerus,

Pelvic Girdal: Illium, Ischium, pubis, Sacrum, head of Femur

Sacrum

The Appendicular SkeletonThe Appendicular Skeleton The arms and handsThe arms and hands

Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Carpals, Metacarpals and phalanges.

Know how to name the fingers so you can identify the individual phalanges of each hand.

The Appendicular Skeleton The Legs and FeetThe Legs and Feet

Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges, Talus, Calcaneus

The Structure of Bone The Structure of Bone The Legs and FeetThe Legs and Feet

Marrow- It found in the spaces of many bones its a soft, connective tissue

Compact Bone – dense strong hard bone, makes up the shaft of long bones

Spongy Bone – porous bone filled w/ Marrow

red marrow – contains & makes red and white blood cells

Yellow marrow – contains fat and nerve cells

The Structure of Bone The Structure of Bone Growth & ConnectionsGrowth & Connections

Know these structures and terms:

Epiphyseal plate, cartilage, ligament, tendons, joint, suture, immovable, pivot, hinge, ball & socket, gliding

Cartilage: flexible yet strong cushioning connective tissue usually between bones

Tendon – connects muscle to bone

Ligament – connect bone to bone

Do Now- "Skills activity " pg.15, open Do Now- "Skills activity " pg.15, open your book turn to this page and your book turn to this page and complete the activity with the complete the activity with the classmate to the left or right of you classmate to the left or right of you

SWBAT-Identify the types of muscles SWBAT-Identify the types of muscles found in the body and explain why found in the body and explain why skeletal muscles work in pairsskeletal muscles work in pairs

The Structure of Bone The Structure of Bone Growth & ConnectionsGrowth & Connections

Joint – place where two bones come together

Immovable: joints in the cranium

Hinge – Elbow & knee

Ball & Socket – Widest range of motion, Circular type movement shoulder & hip

Pivot – Allows side-to-side and up-and-down movement Vertebrae, radius/ulna

Gliding – some bending and twisting: wrist & ankle, fingers & toes

The Musculature SystemThe Musculature System

The Musculature SystemThe Musculature System Includes 3 types of Muscle:Includes 3 types of Muscle:

Striated, Smooth & Striated, Smooth & CardiacCardiac

Function of the Muscles:Function of the Muscles: Provide means of Provide means of

MovementMovement Keeps blood pumpingKeeps blood pumping Moves food thru Digestive Moves food thru Digestive

SystemSystem Skeletal Muscle usually in Skeletal Muscle usually in

Antagonistic PairsAntagonistic Pairs FlexorFlexor (bicep) (bicep) Extensor Extensor (tricep)(tricep)

The The Musculature Musculature

SystemSystem

Skeletal Skeletal StriatedStriated VoluntaryVoluntary

Organ Organ SmoothSmooth InvoluntarInvoluntar

yy

HeartHeart CardiacCardiac InvoluntarInvoluntar

yy

3 Types of Muscle Tissue

Skeletal, Smooth and Cardiac

How Muscles WorkHow Muscles Work Muscles can only Muscles can only contractcontract & &

get shorterget shorter They cannot push things, they They cannot push things, they

only pull. only pull. They are attached to two They are attached to two

different bones and cause different bones and cause them to bend at the jointthem to bend at the joint

OriginOrigin – place the muscle – place the muscle attaches or begins (proximal)attaches or begins (proximal)

InsertionInsertion – place on the other – place on the other side of joint muscle attaches side of joint muscle attaches (distal side)(distal side)

They work in Antagonistic PairsThey work in Antagonistic Pairs Flexors Flexors – cause the joint to – cause the joint to

bend – bicepbend – bicep ExtensorExtensor – causes the joint to – causes the joint to

extend ( straighten out) - tricepextend ( straighten out) - tricep

Muscles are attached to bones Muscles are attached to bones w/ w/ tendonstendons

Origin

Insertion

Smooth & Cardiac MuscleSmooth & Cardiac Muscle Smooth MuscleSmooth Muscle – usually are not voluntarily controlled. Found in the – usually are not voluntarily controlled. Found in the

walls of hollow organs of the digestive tract & blood vessels. walls of hollow organs of the digestive tract & blood vessels. They assist in the movement of food thru the digestive system They assist in the movement of food thru the digestive system

and movement of blood thru the circulatory system. and movement of blood thru the circulatory system. Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle – found only in the heart. Similar to both Striated & – found only in the heart. Similar to both Striated &

Smooth Muscle tissue. Involuntarily controlled by brain.Smooth Muscle tissue. Involuntarily controlled by brain.

Skeletal Muscle StructureSkeletal Muscle Structure Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones of your skeleton and Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones of your skeleton and

provide the force that moves your bones. provide the force that moves your bones. At the end of each skeleton muscle is a tendon. Skeletal muscles At the end of each skeleton muscle is a tendon. Skeletal muscles

appear striated(stry ay tid) or banded appear striated(stry ay tid) or banded

tendon

Muscle

Lab on 4/21Lab on 4/21

Pg. 29 - "A look Beneath the Skin " Pg. 29 - "A look Beneath the Skin " SWBAT- Observe the structure and SWBAT- Observe the structure and

function of the muscles in a chicken function of the muscles in a chicken wingwing

Infer how the muscles work together Infer how the muscles work together to move the wingto move the wing

Classify muscles as smooth, cardiac Classify muscles as smooth, cardiac or skeletal or skeletal

4/23/154/23/15

Do Now: Turn to section 5 and do the Do Now: Turn to section 5 and do the "discover activity" "discover activity"

SWBAT- Describe the functions and SWBAT- Describe the functions and the structure of skinthe structure of skin

Functions of the Skin:Functions of the Skin: Protect from UV raysProtect from UV rays Regulate body tempRegulate body temp Waste removalWaste removal Barrier from infectionBarrier from infection Sensory receptorSensory receptor

Two Main Layers & Two Main Layers & lower layerlower layer Epidermis Epidermis DermisDermis HypodermisHypodermis

The SkinThe Skin

Arrector muscle

Dead skin cells

Erector muscle

The EpidermisThe Epidermis Two Main LayersTwo Main Layers Top layer is made of dead Top layer is made of dead

cellscells Rapid cell division – entire Rapid cell division – entire

skin is replaced every 4 skin is replaced every 4 weeksweeks

Bottom layer is the Bottom layer is the basalbasal layerlayer

Skin Color from Skin Color from MelaninMelanin Produced in Produced in melanocytesmelanocytes

located in the basal located in the basal layer of the epidermislayer of the epidermis

The more melanin – the The more melanin – the darker the skindarker the skin

The Integumentary SystemThe Integumentary System

Dermis

Epidermis

The DermisThe Dermis Composed mainly of Composed mainly of

Epithelial CellsEpithelial Cells Specialized Epithelial Cells Specialized Epithelial Cells

form hair & nailsform hair & nails 2 types of glands 2 types of glands

sebaceous (oil)sebaceous (oil) – – secretes oil to protect secretes oil to protect skin & moisturize skin & moisturize

sweat glandssweat glands (perspiration)– help (perspiration)– help control body temp control body temp removes salts & wastesremoves salts & wastes

Also its located in this Also its located in this layer islayer is

Hair FolliclesHair Follicles Capillaries Capillaries Nerve endings sense – Nerve endings sense –

heat, cold, pressure, painheat, cold, pressure, pain Wrinkles occur here.Wrinkles occur here.

The Skin – The Dermis LayerThe Skin – The Dermis Layer

Also known as Also known as (AKA):(AKA): Subcutaneous Subcutaneous

LayerLayer Adipose LayerAdipose Layer

Fatty tissue serves Fatty tissue serves to insulate, protect to insulate, protect and add formand add form

The Skin - The Skin - HypodermisHypodermis

4/24/154/24/15

"Sun safety" lab on pg.36 "Sun safety" lab on pg.36 "How well do different materials "How well do different materials

protect the skin from the sun"? protect the skin from the sun"?