8R: Pythagorean Theorem,images.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/AL/MobileCounty/...Grade 8 Review # 9...

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Grade 8 Review # 9 (Pythagorean Theorem, Distance, Midpoint) 1 Ahrens (2014) Label a Right Triangle Legs Opposite the right angle Longest of the 3 sides 2 sides that form the right angle Labels for a right triangle c a b Hypotenuse 8R: Pythagorean Theorem, Distance, and Midpoints formula In a right triangle, the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs (a and b) is equal to the square of the length of the hypotenuse ( c). a 2 +b 2 =c 2 Find the Hypotenuse 4 in 7 in a 2 +b 2 =c 2 4 2 +7 2 =c 2 16 + 49 = c 2 65 = c 2 Missing Hypotenuse Write Equation Substitute in numbers Square numbers Add Find the Square Root & Label Answer Find a missing leg a 2 +b 2 =c 2 5 2 +b 2 = 15 2 25 + b 2 = 225 25 25 b 2 = 200 Missing Leg Write Equation Substitute in numbers Square numbers Subtract Find the Square Root Label Answer 5 ft 15 ft Pythagorean Triplets 3 4 There are combinations of whole numbers that work in the Pythagorean Theorem. These sets of numbers are known as Pythagorean Triplets. 345 is the most famous of the triplets. If you recognize the sides of the triangle as being a triplet (or multiple of one), you won't need a calculator! 5 Pythagorean Triplets Pythagorean Triples 345 5 12 13 7 24 25 8 15 17 Multiples of these combinations work too! Pythagorean Theorem Examples

Transcript of 8R: Pythagorean Theorem,images.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/AL/MobileCounty/...Grade 8 Review # 9...

Page 1: 8R: Pythagorean Theorem,images.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/AL/MobileCounty/...Grade 8 Review # 9 (Pythagorean Theorem, Distance, Midpoint) 1 Ahrens (2014) Label a Right Triangle Legs

Grade 8 Review # 9 (Pythagorean Theorem, Distance, Midpoint)

1

Ahrens (2014)

Label a Right Triangle

Legs

­ Opposite the right angle­ Longest of the 3 sides

­ 2 sides that form the right angle

Labels for a right triangle

ca

b

Hypotenuse

8R: Pythagorean Theorem, Distance, and Midpoints

formula

In a right triangle, the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs (a and b) is equal to the square of the length of the hypotenuse ( c).

a2 + b2 = c2

Find the Hypotenuse

4 in

7 in

a2 + b 2 = c 2

42 + 7 2 = c 2

16 + 49 = c 2

65 = c 2

Missing Hypotenuse

Write Equation

Substitute in numbers

Square numbers

Add

Find the Square Root &Label Answer

Find a missing leg

a2 + b2 = c2

52 + b2 = 152

25 + b2 = 225

­25           ­25

b2 = 200

Missing Leg

Write Equation

Substitute in numbers

Square numbers

Subtract

Find the Square Root

Label Answer5 ft

15 ft

Pythagorean Triplets

3

4

There are combinations of whole numbers that work in the Pythagorean Theorem.  These sets of numbers are known as Pythagorean Triplets.

3­4­5 is the most famous of the triplets.  If you recognize the sides of the triangle as being a triplet (or multiple of one), you won't need a calculator!

5

Pythagorean Triplets

Pythagorean Triples

3 ­ 4 ­ 55 ­ 12 ­ 137 ­ 24 ­ 258 ­ 15 ­ 17

Multiples of these combinations work too!

Pythagorean Theorem Examples

Page 2: 8R: Pythagorean Theorem,images.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/AL/MobileCounty/...Grade 8 Review # 9 (Pythagorean Theorem, Distance, Midpoint) 1 Ahrens (2014) Label a Right Triangle Legs

Grade 8 Review # 9 (Pythagorean Theorem, Distance, Midpoint)

2

Ahrens (2014)

Corollary (Converse) to the Pythagorean Theorem

Corollary to the Pythagorean TheoremIf a and b are measures of the shorter sides of a triangle, c is the measure of the longest side, and c2 = a2 + b2, then the triangle is a right triangle.

If c2 ≠ a2 + b2, then the triangle is not a right triangle.

b = 4 ft

c = 5 fta = 3 ft

Corollary (Converse) to the Pythagorean Theorem

Corollary to the Pythagorean Theorem

In other words, you can check to see if a triangle is a right triangle by seeing if the Pythagorean Theorem is true.

Test the Pythagorean Theorem.  If the final equation is true, then the triangle is right.  If the final equation is false, then the triangle is not right.

Oct 28­9:28 AM

Is it a Right Triangle?

Write Equation

Plug in numbers

Square numbers

Simplify both sides

Are they equal?

8 in, 17 in, 15 in

a2 + b2 = c2

82 + 152 = 172

64 + 225 = 289

289 = 289

Yes!

Corollary Example

Distance of a Vertical Line

If you have two points on a graph, such as (5,2) and (5,6), you can find the distance between them by simply counting units on the graph, since they lie in a vertical line.

The distance between these two points is 4. 

The top point is 4 above the lower point.

Distance of a Slanted Line

Most sets of points do not lie in a vertical or horizontal line. For example:

Counting the units between these two points is impossible. So mathematicians have developed a formula using the Pythagorean theorem to find the distance between two points.

Page 3: 8R: Pythagorean Theorem,images.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/AL/MobileCounty/...Grade 8 Review # 9 (Pythagorean Theorem, Distance, Midpoint) 1 Ahrens (2014) Label a Right Triangle Legs

Grade 8 Review # 9 (Pythagorean Theorem, Distance, Midpoint)

3

Ahrens (2014)

FInd the Distance

Draw the right triangle around these two points. Then use the Pythagorean theorem to find the distance in red.

c2 = a2 + b2

c2 = 32 + 42c2 = 9 + 16c2 = 25c = 5a

bc

The distance between the two points (2,2) and (5,6) is 5 units.

formula derivation

Create a right triangle around the two points. Label the points as shown. Then substitute into the Pythagorean Formula.

(x1, y1)

length = x2 ­ x1

length = y2 ­ y1

d

c2 = a2 + b2

d2 = (x2 ­ x1)2 + (y2 ­ y1)2

d =    (x2 ­ x1)2 + (y2 ­ y1)2This is the distance formula now substitute in values.

d =     (5 ­ 2)2 + (6 ­ 2)2

d =     (3)2 + (4)2

d =     9 + 16

d =    25

d = 5

(x2, y2)

Distance Formula

Distance Formula

d =    (x2 ­ x1)2 + (y2 ­ y1)2

You can find the distance d between any two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) using the formula below.

how far between the x­coord. how far between the y­coord.

Distance Example

When only given the two points, use the formula.

Find the distance between:Point 1 (­4, ­7)Point 2 (­5, ­2)

for formula

d =    (x2 ­ x1)2 + (y2 ­ y1)2

Distance Geometry Problem

You can use the Distance Formula to solve geometry problems.

A (0,­1)B (8,0)

C (9,4)D (3,3)

Find the perimeter of ABCD.Use the distance formula to find all four of the side lengths.Then add then together.

BC =BC =

CD =CD =

AB =AB =

DA =DA =

Distance Using Pythagorean Theorem instead of Distance Formula

Page 4: 8R: Pythagorean Theorem,images.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/AL/MobileCounty/...Grade 8 Review # 9 (Pythagorean Theorem, Distance, Midpoint) 1 Ahrens (2014) Label a Right Triangle Legs

Grade 8 Review # 9 (Pythagorean Theorem, Distance, Midpoint)

4

Ahrens (2014)

Midpoint Formula

(3, 4) (9, 4)

Find the midpoint of the line segment.

What are the coordinates of the midpoint?How is it related to the coordinates of the endpoints?

Midpoint = (6, 4)

It is in the middle of the segment.

Average of x­coordinates.Average of y­coordinates.

Midpoint Formula

The Midpoint Formula

To calculate the midpoint of a line segment with endpoints (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) use the formula:

(x1 + x2 y1 + y222

, )

The x and y coordinates of the midpoint are the averages of the x and y coordinates of the endpoints, respectively.

Midpoint Example

The midpoint of a segment AB is the point M on AB halfway between the endpoints A and B.

B (8,1)

A (2,5)Use the midpoint formula:

Substitute in values:

( x1 + x2 y1 + y222

, )2 + 8 , 5 + 12 2( )

Simplify the numerators:10 62 2

,

Write fractions in simplest form:

( )(5,3) is the midpoint of AB

M

Midpoint Example

If point M is the midpoint between the points P and Q. Find the coordinates of the missing point.

Use the midpoint formula and solve for the unknown.

M (8,1)

P (8,­6)

Q = ? (x2,y2)

(x1 + x2 y1 + y222

, )Substitute

Multiply both sides by 2

Add or subtract(8, 8)