8A Quick Quiz - Weeblydrmarshscience.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/9/7/30970037/y… · Web viewDraw a...

Gareth was writing to a pen-friend. This is how he described himself:

I am a boy. I weigh 600 N.

I am 16 years old. I speak French.

I have brown eyes. I have a scar on my chin.

I am 1.8 m tall.

(a) From the list, choose two features which he must have inherited and which will not have been affected by his environment.

1. ..................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................2 marks

(b) From the list, choose two features which will have been affected by both inherited and environmental factors.

1. ..................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................2 marks

(c) Gareth measured the heights of the 16-year-old pupils at his school. He recorded the distribution in a bar chart.

num ber of pupils ineach he igh t range

he igh t

He also collected data about the features in the list below.

Smithdon High School

Which two features would show a similarly shaped distribution to Gareth’s bar chart?

Tick the two correct boxes.

Ability to roll the tongue.

Presence of ear lobes.

Mass of the pupil.

Circumference of the head.

Sex of the pupil.

2 marks

Maximum 6 marksQUESTION 2

The photograph below shows a team of dogs called huskies pulling a sledge

across the ice.

Huskies need to survive in a cold climate. They must be able to pull a heavy sledge for a long time each day.

Smithdon High School 2

Which two features would a dog breeder look for when choosing huskies to breed from?Choose from the list of features below and give the reason for each choice.

blue eyes fierce nature long tail

thick fur short legs strong muscles

1. feature .........................................................................................................1 mark

reason .........................................................................................................

............................................................................................................1 mark

2. feature .........................................................................................................1 mark

reason .........................................................................................................

............................................................................................................1 mark

(b) The drawings below show three dogs. They all look different.

(i) Which word describes the differences between these dogs?Tick the correct box.

adaptation reproduction

vaccination variation

1 mark


(ii) The drawing below shows a puppy. Dog C is the puppy's mother.

Why does the puppy look like his mother?Tick the correct box.

Information passed from the mother in an egg.

Information passed from the mother in a sperm.

Information passed from the mother in milk.

Information passed from the mother in blood.

1 mark


The drawings below show a stoat in summer and in winter.

stoat in summer stoat in winter

(a) In winter the ground is often covered by snow or frost. During this part of the year a stoat’s fur is white.Suggest two ways its white coat helps a stoat to survive in the winter.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................2 marks


(b) The diagram shows the family tree for a family of rabbits.

Use words from the list below to complete the sentences.

adapt cytoplasm genes grow

inherit letters membrane mutate nuclei

Rabbits have the same fur colour all year round.

Young rabbits ...................................... fur colour from their parents.

Information about fur colour is passed on from one generation to

the next in the form of .......................... in the ................................... of an egg and sperm.

3 marks

Maximum 5 marks


QUESTION 4

Uganda is a country close to the equator in Africa. Most Ugandan bred cows produce only 1 litre of milk each day. In Britain, some cows can produce nearly 30 litres of milk each day. The milk yield of British cows exported to Uganda drops dramatically, even though they get sufficient food.

(a) Suggest why a British cow exported to Uganda would be less likely to produce 30 litres of milk each day.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................1 mark

By selectively breeding British and Ugandan cattle, it is possible to breed cows which produce 10 litres of milk each day.

(b) A Ugandan farmer wishes to continue the breeding programme to improve his herd of cows further. When he is choosing which cows to use for breeding, milk production is an important quality. Give two other important qualities he could consider.

1. ..................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................2 marks


A group of pupils recorded some different characteristics of pupils in their class.


The table below shows their results.

name gender height,in cm

mass,in kg

hand span,in cm

arm span,in cm

eye colour

Julie girl 152 48 17.2 160 blue

Laura girl 157 54 15.0 141 green

Aftab boy 159 49 18.4 172 brown

Jenna girl 144 46 17.4 161 hazel

Barry boy 148 49 17.4 162 blue

Oliver boy 172 57 21.5 204 brown

Safina girl 155 48 16.8 158 brown

Maria girl 154 50 17.9 166 green

Amanat girl 162 46 16.2 150 brown

Thomas boy 157 49 19.9 186 blue

(a) Oliver concluded that boys do not have green eyes.

Explain why his conclusion is not justified.

............................................................................................................1 mark

(b) Name two continuous variables in their table.

1. .....................................................

2. .....................................................1 mark


(c) Look at the scatter graphs below.

210200190180170160150140

222120191817161514

220210200190180170160150140

210200190180170160150140

140

140

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22150

150

160

160

170

170

180

180

he ight, in cm

he ight, in cm m ass, in kg

hand span , in cm

graph A

graph C graph D

graph B

armspan,in cm

handspan,in cm

armspan,in cm

armspan,in cm

× × × ××

×

×

××

× × ××××

×

××

××

× × ××

×

×

×

××

×

×

×××

×

×

××

×

×

46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60

Use the data in the scatter graphs to show whether each of the conclusions below is true, false or you cannot tell.

conclusions true or false or cannot tell

Graph C shows that the shortest pupil has the smallest hand span. ........................

Graph B shows the strongest correlation between two variables. ........................

Graph A looks similar to graph C because of the high correlation of arm span to hand span. ........................

Boys are generally taller than girls. ........................2 marks


Maximum 4 marks

QUESTION 6

Herefords and Friesians are two breeds of cattle.Herefords produce high quality meat. Friesians produce lots of milk.

The drawings below show a Hereford cow and a Friesian cow.

Hereford cow Friesian cow

(a) (i) The two breeds of cattle are different in appearance from each other.What causes the variation between the two breeds of cattle?

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Suggest two environmental factors which can affect the amount of meat or milk cattle produce.

1. .........................................................................................

2. .........................................................................................2 marks

(b) The drawing shows a calf produced by mating a Hereford bull with a Friesian cow. Cattle bred in this way will produce both high quality meat and a high milk yield.

(i) What term is used to describe this deliberate mating of two different breeds of animals to produce offspring with particular characteristics?

..................................................................................................1 mark


(ii) Farmers want their cattle to produce high quality meat and a high milk yield. Suggest one other characteristic which farmers might want their cattle to have.

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark


The quagga is an extinct animal that lived in Africa. Quaggas belonged to the same group as zebras. The drawings below show a zebra and a quagga.

(a) Zebras and quaggas used to breed with each other. The offspring contained a combination of both zebra and quagga genes (genetic information). How were zebra and quagga genes passed on from the parents to their offspring?

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................1 mark

(b) These days there are some zebras that still show some quagga features. Scientists are using zebras to try to produce quaggas by selective breeding. Describe the steps in this selective breeding process.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................3 marks

Maximum 4 marks


QUESTION 1

This is Jamie having an X-ray of his arm.

photograph icpla te

The drawing below shows the X-ray photograph.

(a) Complete the sentence.

The parts of Jamie’s arm which show up on the X-ray are made of

................................................................... . 1 mark

(b) What did the X-ray photograph show had happened to Jamie’s arm?

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................1 mark


(c) Jamie drew the following diagram of parts of his arm.

J

(i) On the diagram, draw a line from the letter J to a joint in the arm.1 mark

(ii) Why are joints needed in the arm?

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

(iii) The parts which contract to move the arm do not show up on an X-ray.What are these parts called? Tick the correct box.

blood vessels glands

muscles skin

1 mark

Maximum 5 marks


QUESTION 2

Drawings A, B, C, D and E show the positions of five organ systems in the human body.

(a) The names of the five organ systems are given in the table. By each name, write the letter of the drawing which shows the organ system.

nam e of organ system

circulatory system

digestive system

reproductive system

respira tory system

skele ton

letter of the drawing ofthe organ system

5 marks

(b) Which one of these organ systems is completely different in a man and a woman?

............................................................................................................1 mark

Maximum 6 marks


QUESTION 3

(a) Sally measures her pulse rate before swimming ten lengths of a swimming pool. She measures it again afterwards.

What effect will swimming 10 lengths have on her pulse rate?

............................................................................................................1 mark

(b) What is the name of the liquid in the circulatory system?

..................................................................…1 mark

(c) The list shows three useful substances and one waste product.They are all in the liquid in the circulatory system.

oxygen carbon dioxide glucose vitamins

Which one of these is a waste product that is produced by the body?

..................................................................….1 mark

Maximum 3 marks

QUESTION 4


The diagram below shows the human skeleton

upper jaw

lower jaw

humerus

ribs

backbone

femur

J

(a) (i) Draw a line from the letter J to one joint in the leg.1 mark

(ii) Why do we need joints in our skeleton?

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

(b) (i) Which part of our skeleton, labelled in the diagram, moves so that we can breathe?

..................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Which part of our skeleton, labelled in the diagram, moves so that we can chew food?

..................................................................................................1 mark

(c) Which one of the following is needed in the diet for strong bones and teeth?Tick the correct box.


alum in ium

calc ium

copper

iron

1 mark

(d) The diagram below shows part of the arm.

(i) Parts A and B are attached to bones. What name is given to parts of the body like parts A and B?

..................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Part A gets shorter. In which direction does the lower arm move?

..................................................................................................1 mark

Maximum 7 marks

QUESTION 5


The information below shows the recommended daily amounts of nutrients and energy for four different people.

person

15–yea r–o ld g irl

15–year–o ld boy

com pute r operator

b rick layer

protein

45 g

55 g

56 g

56 g

calcium

800 m g

1000 m g

700 m g

700 m g

iron

15 m g

11 m g

9 m g

9 m g

energy

8 830 kJ

11 510 kJ

10 700 kJ

13 000 kJ

Information taken from Report 41 of the Department of Health - Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom 1991.

(a) Suggest one reason why the bricklayer needs a higher energy diet than the computer operator.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................1 mark

(b) Explain why the 15-year-olds need more calcium than the adults.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................2 marks

(c) Iron is needed to make red blood cells. Why do 15-year-old girls need more iron than 15-year-old boys?

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................1 mark

(d) A balanced diet contains a variety of foods which provide nutrients and energy.


The drawings show four different foods. Choose from these to answer the questions which follow.

Which of these foods is the best source of:

fibre? ...........................................

calcium? ...........................................

protein? ...........................................3 marks

Maximum 7 marks

QUESTION 6


(a) When tobacco is burned in cigarettes, carbon monoxide is formed.A device called a 'Smokerlyzer' measures the percentage of carbon monoxide in a person's breath. This indicates the percentage of carbon monoxide in the person's blood.

Four people tested their breath using a 'Smokerlyzer' as shown below. They repeated the test every two hours during one day at work.

Smokerlyzer™ Bedfont Scientific Ltd

The results are shown in the table.

name percentage of carbon monoxide in the blood

9 am 11 am 1 pm 3 pm

Amy 3.6 2.9 3.4 2.8

Don 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.2

Kisham 6.3 5.0 4.3 3.8

Pat 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3

(i) Look at the table above. Which two people are most likely to have smoked tobacco before 9 am?

................................................ and .........................................1 mark

(ii) Don says he is a non-smoker. Suggest one other way carbon monoxide could have got into Don's blood before he came to work that day.


..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

(b) Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the muscles.If the air we breathe in contains carbon monoxide, the red blood cells will take up carbon monoxide instead of oxygen.

Use this information to explain why, when they are running, many smokers become out of breath sooner than non-smokers do.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................2 marks


People who have emphysema have damaged air sacs in their lungs. The diagrams show a section through a normal air sac and a section through a damaged air sac.

gasin

gasin

gasou t

gasout

no rm a l air sac dam aged a ir sac

(a) Gas exchange takes place at the inside surface of the air sac when a person breathes.

(i) Which two gases are exchanged at this surface of the air sac?

................................................ and ..........................................1 mark

(ii) The amount of gas exchanged is smaller in a damaged air sac. Explain why.

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

(b) The list shows four substances present in cigarette smoke.


carbon particles carbon monoxide nicotine tar

Choose from the list the substance which:

(i) causes addiction to smoking cigarettes;

..................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) may cause lung cancer;

..................................................................................................1 mark

(iii) is carried instead of oxygen in the red blood cells.

..................................................................................................1 mark


(a) Jasmine was trying to find out how much air she breathed out in one breath.She poured water into a bell-jar and placed it upside down in a trough of water. The bell-jar had a scale marked in cm3.

before Jasmine breathed into the bell-jar

after Jasmine breathed into the bell-jar


(i) How much air did Jasmine breathe out?

……………………… cm3

1 mark

(ii) Air contains carbon dioxide, nitrogen, noble gases, oxygen and water vapour.

Give three differences between the composition of the air Jasmine breathed in and the air she breathed out.

Compared to the air she breathed in, the air she breathed out contained:

1. .........................................................................................

2. .........................................................................................

3. .........................................................................................3 marks

(b) In the diagram below, tube A connects the lungs to the mouth. Part B is a part of the lung where gas exchange takes place.


(i) On the diagram, write the names of tube A and part B.

2 marks

(ii) In the wall of tube A there are'rings'of a stiff material called cartilage. Suggest one function of the 'rings' of cartilage.

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

Maximum 7 marks

QUESTION 9

(a) Drinking large amounts of alcohol every day can damage the liver. The type of damage is called cirrhosis, and it can kill a person quickly. The graph below


shows the number of people dying from cirrhosis of the liver, in Paris, between 1935 and 1965.

50

40

30

20

10

01935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965

year

num ber ofpeop le per100 000dy ing fromcirrhosis o fthe liver

P Q R S T

Data obtained from Key Science – Biology, D. Applin

During which period of time, P, Q, R, S or T, was it difficult to get alcohol?

........................1 mark

(b) Alcohol is a drug. Which property makes alcohol a drug? Tick the correct box.

It is soluble in water.

It is a chemical.

It can provide energy.

It affects the nervous system.

1 mark

(c) Look at the graph below.


15 tim es

10 tim es

5 tim es

1 tim e0 40 80 120 160

increased chanceo f accident

am ount of a lcoho l in the bloodin m g/100 cm 3

(i) Using the graph, describe how increasing the amount of alcohol in the blood affects the chance of having an accident.

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................2 marks

(ii) Which of the following statements could be used to explain why alcohol in the blood could cause accidents?Tick the correct box.

Alcohol cools the body.

Alcohol increases the time a person takes to react.

Alcohol is a stimulant.

Alcohol makes a person happy.

1 mark

Maximum 5 marks

QUESTION 10


The drawing shows what happens to most of the energy in the food that a hen eats in one day.

(a) In the cells of the hen's body, energy is released from food by respirationComplete the word equation for this process.

Glucose + …………….……… ……….…………… +…………………..1 mark

(b) (i) Calculate the total energy which remains in the body of the hen

..................................................................................................

.............................................................................................. kJ1 mark

(ii) What is this energy used for?

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

(c) Suggest how farmers might reduce the amount of energy which hens lose each day by thermal transfer.


............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................1 mark

(d) Farmers can reduce the amount of energy which is transferred by movement and thermal transfer from hens. Suggest two reasons why this is cost-effective.

1. ..................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................

............................................................................................................2 marks

Maximum 6 marks


QUESTION 2

Andrew put his rabbit’s cage on the grass.

A week later, the grass under the cage had turned yellow.

(a) Give one reason why the grass had turned yellow.

..........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................

(b) Andrew wanted to test why the grass had turned yellow. He put two sheets of plastic just above another patch of grass. One sheet was black and the other sheet was clear.

black plastic shee t c lear p lastic sheet

A week later, the grass under the black sheet was yellow. The grass under the clear sheet was green.

(i) Explain why he used the clear plastic sheet as well as the black sheet.

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Andrew left the black sheet there for several more weeks. What happened to the grass under it?

..................................................................................................1 mark


(c) Tick the boxes by two things which both rabbits and grass plants can do.

they eat

they grow

they move from place to place

they reproduce

they breathe in and out

2 marks


Two pupils planted lettuce seeds at three different temperatures.They planted the same number of seeds at each temperature.

Their results are shown in the table.

total number of lettuce seeds germinated

temperature, in °C day 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 5 day 6

5 0 0 ---------- 0 1 1

15 0 0 0 1 5 9

25 0 2 8 13 17 19

(a) Complete the table to show how many seeds had germinated at 5°C by day 3.1 mark

(b) The pupils were trying to find out something about seeds.

Write down the question the pupils were investigating.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................


1 mark

(c) The pupils discussed their results and made the conclusions listed below.

Look at their results in the table and decide whether each conclusion below is true, false or you cannot tell.

Tick the correct box for each conclusion.

conclusions true false cannot tell

The earliest germination

was at 25C.

At 25C all the seeds

germinated by day 6.

5C was too cold for

seeds to germinate.

The best temperature for

germination was 15C.

2 marks

Maximum 4 marks


QUESTION 4

The drawing shows a plant called Tillandsia.

(a) (i) The leaves of this plant absorb light.Why do plants need light?

..................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Tillandsia plants grow on the high branches of trees in rain forests.

not to scale

These plants cannot grow well on the lowest branches.Explain why.

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark


(b) Tillandsia plants do not have root hairs on their roots.

What two substances do most plants absorb through their root hairs?

1. ..................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................2 marks

(c) Which diagram below shows a root hair?Tick the correct box.

A B

C Dnot to scale

1 mark

Maximum 5 marks


QUESTION 5

(a) The diagram shows a section through a flower from a cherry tree.

(i) Which part becomes the seed? ...........................................................1 mark

(ii) Which part becomes the fruit? .............................................................1 mark

(iii) What is the function of the anther? .......................................................1 mark

(b) The drawings below show the fruits of two different plants.

For each fruit, suggest how its structure helps the seeds to be scattered away from the parent plant.

Goosegrass:.......................................................................................

............................................................................................................

Goat’sbeard........................................................................................

............................................................................................................


2 marks

(c) Explain why it is an advantage to plants that their seeds are scattered far apart.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................1 mark


The drawing shows an experiment to investigate photosynthesis in weed from a pond.

test-tube gas

water

pond weedplasticine

funnel

beaker

Bubbles of gas produced during photosynthesis were given off from the pond weed and collected in the test tube.

(a) Name the gas given off in photosynthesis

............................................................................................................1 mark

(b) What two substances are taken in by the plant and used for photosynthesis?

1. ..................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................2 marks


Light of different intensities was shone onto the pond weed. The number of gas bubbles given off in one minute at each light intensity was counted. The results are shown in the graph.

num ber ofbubb les perm inu te

light intensity

A B C D E

(c) Which letter on the horizontal axis shows the light intensity at which the rate of photosynthesis first reaches its maximum?

............................................................1 mark

Blue, green and red light were then shone, in turn, onto the pond weed. The number of bubbles of the gas given off in one minute was counted. The results are shown in the table.

colour of light num ber ofbubbles in one

m inuteb lue 85

green 10

red 68

The leaves of the pond weed contain a green pigment which absorbs light for photosynthesis

(d) (i) Name this pigment.

..................................................................................................1 mark


(ii) Using the information in the table, tick a box by one colour of light which is strongly absorbed by the pigment.

blue

green

red

1 mark

(e) Sugar is also produced during photosynthesis.

Give two ways in which the plant uses sugar.

1. ..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................2 marks


The diagram below shows a bee visiting a flower.

(a) (i) Draw a line from the letter X to the part of the flower where the seeds are produced.

1 mark


(ii) Draw a line from the letter Y to a part of the flower where pollen is produced.

1 mark

(iii) Draw a line from the letter Z to the stigma. 1 mark

(b) Complete the sentences below by choosing words from the list:3 marks

anthers fertilisation germination ovule

pollination seed production sepal stigma

When a bee with pollen on it visits a flower, pollen rubs off the bee

onto the ................................................ of the flower. This process

is called .......................................... . A tube grows from each

pollen grain until it reaches an ovule. A nucleus of the pollen grain

joins with a nucleus in the ovule. This process is called

.............................................. .maximum 6 marks

QUESTION 8

Most pollen grains are transferred from one flower to another either by wind or by insects.

Look at the drawings below which show pollen grains from three different plants.

Using your observations:

1. State the method by which each of these pollen grains is transferred.

2. Give a careful explanation for the method you have chosen each time.

Write your answers in the table.


name ofplant

m ethod byw hich pollenis transferred

explanation for method chosen

pine

sun flowe r

lup in

3 marks


The drawing shows a ‘bottle garden’ which is kept in a brightly lit room. The cork in the neck of the bottle is not taken out.

(a) The plants in the bottle use oxygen for respiration.

Explain why, over a week, the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the bottle stay about the same.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................3 marks


(b) Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from one plant to another.

Give two reasons why cross-pollination is less likely to happen in this bottle garden than in an outdoor garden.

1. ..................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

2 ..................................................................................................

............................................................................................................2 marks

(c) Micro-organisms in the soil break down the dead parts of plants.This releases minerals such as nitrates. Nitrates are a source of nitrogen for living plants.

Why does a plant need nitrogen to grow?

............................................................................................................1 mark


The drawing shows a bluebell plant. The plant grows from an underground stem called a bulb.Each year new leaves and flowers grow from the bulb.


(a) Describe the process by which glucose is made in the leaves.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................3 marks

(b) Many plants make starch from glucose.What group of nutrients do both glucose and starch belong to?

.............................................................1 mark

(c) In the sixteenth century bluebell bulbs were dug up to obtain a starch-like substance that was used to make collars stiff.

(i) Digging up bluebell bulbs has caused a decrease in the number of bluebells growing in Britain. It is now against the law to dig up bluebells.

Suggest one other environmental reason why the number of bluebell plants has decreased in Britain.

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Every 10 years the trees and bushes in some bluebell woods are cut down to ground level.

What effect does this have on the number of bluebells in the woods?Explain your answer.

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

Maximum 6 marks


QUESTION 11

(a) Alex poured some pond water into three beakers. She then put waterweed into each beaker. She put the beakers in different places.

b lackbox

beaker Ain no rm a l dayligh t

beaker Bin the da rk

beaker Cin b right ligh t

(i) In which beaker did the waterweed grow best? Give the correct letter.

…………1 mark

(ii) The waterweed in the box changed from dark green to pale yellow.Why did this happen?

……………………………………….………………………………1 mark

(b) In the school pond there were lots of water lilies with large leaves covering the surface.There were not many plants growing below the surface.Suggest a reason for this.

……………..……………………………….………………………………

……………..……………………………….………………………………1 mark

(c) In another experiment, Alex put similar pieces of waterweed into two more beakers of pond water.She added fertiliser to one of them.She kept them both by a window.


beake r Dcontain ing

w a terw eed andpond w a te r

beaker Econ ta in ing

w ate rw eed andpond w ater

plus fe rtilise r

(i) Alex added fertiliser to beaker E. Suggest the results of this experiment.

……………..……………………………….…………………..……

……………..……………………………….…………………..……1 mark

(ii) What do fertilisers contain to help plants grow?Tick the correct box.

fat minerals

sand sugar

1 mark

Maximum 5 marks

QUESTION 12

Seeds were sown in two dishes, A and B.

The seeds in A and B were the same type.

The soil in A and B was the same type.

The amount of water added to A and B was the same.


After six days they looked like this:

dish A dish B

the seedlings havew eak stem s and sm allerpa le yellow leaves

the seed lings havestrong stem s andlarge r brigh te r greenleaves

After sowing, the dishes were kept in different conditions.

(i) Dish A was kept in ........................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Dish B was kept in ........................................................................................1 mark

Maximum 2 marks

QUESTION 13

The drawing below shows a dandelion plant.


(a) Each labelled part of the plant has a different function.

In the table, write the name of the correct part next to its function.

function of part name of part

It takes in minerals.

It absorbs light for photosynthesis.

2 marks

(b) The drawing below shows a different type of dandelion plant growing in a lawn.


(i) Hardly any grass grows under the dandelion leaves. Give a reason for this.1 mark

(ii) Which word describes a grass plant? Tick the correct box.

herbivore

predator

prey

producer

1 mark

Maximum 4 marks

QUESTION 14

Rhododendron plants grow bigger and faster than other plants.The drawing below shows a man cutting down rhododendron plants.


(a) (i) Scientists think the rhododendron roots might produce a chemical that stops other plants growing nearby.Why does this help rhododendrons to grow?

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Give another reason why hardly any other plants can grow under the rhododendron bushes.

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

(b) After the rhododendrons and their roots are cleared away there will not be any of the chemical in the soil.What will happen to the number of other plants growing there?

............................................................................................................1 mark

(c) The drawing shows an insect called a weevil.


Weevils feed on the leaves of rhododendrons.

Draw a line from the rhododendron box to the word that describes the rhododendron.Draw a line from the weevil box to the word that describes the weevil.

rhododendron (p lant)

w eevil (insect)

carnivo re

he rb ivore

predator

producer

2 marks

Maximum 5 marks

QUESTION 15

Some pupils put three identical trays of young plants in a greenhouse.They gave the plants a little water each morning with a sprinkler.The drawing shows the plants three weeks later.


e lectriclight

electricligh tsp rink ler

(a) (i) Why did some of the plants in trays A and C not grow as well as the plants in tray B?

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) How would you move tray A to find out if your answer to part (i) is correct? What result would you expect?

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................2 marks

(b) The sprinkler adds water to the soil. What else could the pupils add to the soil to help the plants to grow well?

............................................................................................................1 mark

(c) At the same time, the pupils grew another tray of the same type of plants.They put the tray in a dark cupboard and kept the soil damp.After three weeks, how were the plants grown in the dark different from the plants grown in the greenhouse?

Tick two boxes.

The plants grown in the dark had:


larger leaves

longer stems

more leaves

paler leaves

more roots

2 marks


Anne looked at the trees on a school field. She saw that less grass grew under the trees than in the open spaces between them.

Grass grows better in the open spaces than under the trees.Give two reasons why the grass grows better in the open.

1. ............................................................................................................

2. ............................................................................................................2 marks

QUESTION 17

Plants take in water from the soil. Lisa did an experiment to find out if there is anything else in soil that plants need for growth.

The diagrams below show the results of Lisa’s experiment.


Lisa made the clear, brown solution in flask B by shaking a mixture of soil and water and then separating the solution from the soil particles.

(a) How could Lisa separate the brown solution from the soil particles?

............................................................................................................1 mark

(b) Explain why Lisa grew one plant in distilled water.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................1 mark

(c) (i) What type of substance, dissolved in the water in flask B, is used by the plant for growth?

..................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) How are roots adapted for taking in water?

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

(d) Lisa set up a second experiment using three similar plants. The solution in flasks C, D and E was the same. She put all three flasks in a sunny position. The diagrams below show the results of Lisa’s second experiment.


The plant in flask C was the only one which grew well in this experiment.Explain why.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................1 mark

Maximum 5 marks

QUESTION 18

Some pupils grew carrot plants for a project on plant growth. At the end of the summer they dug up the carrots. The drawings show two of their carrots.


(a) Plant A came from a part of the garden which was covered with weeds. Plant B came from a part of the garden which had been kept free of weeds.

Suggest two ways in which the weeds may have stopped plant A from growing as large and healthy as plant B.

1. ..................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................

............................................................................................................2 marks

(b) Explain why the pupils’ plants produced bigger roots when they received more light.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................3 marks

Maximum 5 marks

QUESTION 19

The diagrams show two plant cells.


A

B

C

D

ce ll X cell Ynot to scale

(a) In which part of a plant would these cells be found?

cell X …………………………1 mark

cell Y …………………………1 mark

(b) Give the name of part B.

……………………………………1 mark

(c) (i) Give the letter which labels the nucleus.

……………1 mark

(ii) What is the function of the nucleus?

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………1 mark

(d) (i) How can you tell from the diagram that photosynthesis cannot take placein cell Y?

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………1 mark

(ii) Which process takes place in both cell X and cell Y?Tick the correct box.

egestion

fertilisation


pollination

respiration

1 mark


Mango trees are grown in hot, dry countries where the soil can be hard and tightly compacted. Farmers water the mango trees by spraying water onto the soil around them.

(a) (i) Only a small amount of the water actually reaches the roots of the trees. Suggest one reason why.

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Suggest one other reason why mango trees do not grow well in soil which is hard and tightly compacted.

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

(b) Give two reasons why mango trees and other plants need water.

1. ..................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................

............................................................................................................2 marks

(c) There is a new method of watering mango trees. Trenches are dug between the trees and filled with small pieces of rock. Plastic pipes with small holes in them are placed on top of the pieces of rock and water is pumped along the pipes.Mango trees watered by this method produce 15% more fruit.


(i) Suggest one reason why pieces of rock are placed in the trenches under the pipes.

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) With the new method, farmers can also add nitrates to the water in the pipes. Give one reason why plants need compounds which contain nitrogen.

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................1 mark

Maximum 6 marks

QUESTION 21

Hydrogencarbonate indicator solution changes colour when the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in it changes. This is shown in the table.

colour of indicatorsolution amount of dissolved carbon dioxide

reddish orange

yellow

purp le

sam e am ount of carbon dioxide as in the air

m ore carbon dioxide than in the air

less carbon dioxide than in the a ir

Five test tubes were set up as shown below. Air was bubbled through hydrogencarbonate indicator solution, which was then poured into each test tube.


The test tubes were left in sunlight for two hours.

(a) (i) What would be the colour of the indicator solution in tube A?

..................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Name the process taking place in the cells of the snails which causes this colour change.

..................................................................................................1 mark

(b) (i) What would be the colour of the indicator solution in tube B?

..................................................................................................1 mark

(ii) Name the process taking place in the cells of the waterweed which causes this colour change.

..................................................................................................1 mark

(c) The colour of the indicator solution in tube C did not change. Explain why.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................1 mark

Tube D is wrapped to keep the light out. It contains waterweed but no snails.


(d) After twenty four hours in the dark what would be the colour of the indicator solution in tube D?

Tick the correct box.

Reddish orange

Yellow

Purple

1 mark

Maximum 6 marks


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