"88 terms every science teacher should know" Lingo of learning Cap 3 – Instructional Models...
Transcript of "88 terms every science teacher should know" Lingo of learning Cap 3 – Instructional Models...
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
“Lingo of learning”
Cap 3 – Instructional Models
Learning Cycle Cap 7- Learning Theories
Zone of proximal growth / Zone of proximal development
Cap 11- Nature of science
Hypothesis
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
“Instructional Models”
Learning Cycle
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Learning cycle
Ciclo de Aprendizagem
Piaget, construtivismo Ideias teóricas
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Learning cycle
Teste padrão do ciclo de aprendizagem
Objectivos
•Promover novas ideias•Maximização da aprendizagem
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Learning Cycle
O professor consegue chegar a simples nomes através de ideias descobertas ou experienciadas pelos alunos.
Os alunos , expandem as ideias da primeira fase de aplicação através de novas ideias usadas em diferentes contextos .
Fase de exploração do ciclo de aprendizagem
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Learning Cycle
Usar uma nova ideia , num novo contexto é uma parte importante do ensino maiximizado.
Normalmente , um aluno não consegue perceber uma ideia sem antes a ter trabalhado de diferentes formas.
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Learning Cycle
O modelo do ciclo de aprendizagem dedica tempo e oportunidades a esses alunos para que possam melhorar a sua aprendizagem.
Inicialmente a fase de aplicação do ciclo introduz aos alunos uma nova ideia.
Neste sentido, a aplicação de um ciclo de aprendizagem é assim uma fase de exploração do ciclo de aprendizagem.
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Learning Cycle
Aptidões e capacidades (Skills and capabilities) – a partir do momento em que se faz algo que não se conseguia fazer anteriormente, sabe-se que o processo de aprendizagem já começou – novas aptidões e capacidades estão a ser construídas, sendo a sua parte visível os resultados que produzem.
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Learning Cycle
Aptidões e capacidades
• Reflexão•Aspiração e conversação•Conceptualização
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Learning cycle
Aspiração – a capacidade de indivíduos e grupos colectivos (ex: toda a organização) de mudar para concretizar o que efectivamente desejam (ex: a missão). Esta mudança deve ser por sua vontade e não por obrigação.
Reflexão e Conversação – a capacidade de reflectir, conversar e duvidar sobre paradigmas e outras crenças estabelecidas, tanto ao nível individual como colectivo.
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Learning cycle
Conceptualização – a capacidade para compreender e exprimir o comportamento de sistemas. Além de ser frequentemente difícil compreender o funcionamento de um qualquer sistema existente no meio envolvente do indivíduo ou da organização, não é suficiente. Há igualmente que desenvolver capacidades de exprimir o que se conhece do sistema perante outros indivíduos para possibilitar a confrontação de ideias e pontos de vista.
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Learning theories
Zone of Proximal Growth / Zone of proximal Development
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Lev Vygotsky ( 1896-1934 )
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Zone of Proximal Development
O trabalho de Vygotsky distingui-se entre o natural, as capacidades mentais inatas com que nascemos e aquelas que mais tarde desenvolvemos e que já são mais complexas.
Estas capacidadas mais complexas e desenvolvidas são totalmente dependentes da linguagem.
Assim, o trabalho dele inclui uma série de leis e regras de linguagem prensentes no regulamento do nosso comportamento e pensamento.
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Zone of Proximal Development
Vygotsky afirmava que todas as crianças possuem uma zona ou esfera de capacidades - a zona de desenvolvimento proximal.
O trabalho de Vygotsky dizia que a as escolas conseguiam realçar as capacidades mentais das crianças através do desenvolvimento e estimulo da linguagem.
Ele dizia, que a escola, a sociedade e a família influenciavam profundamente o desenvolvimento cognitivo das crianças , afinal a inteligência não era algo inato.
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Zone of Proximal Development
Princípios do trabalho de Vygotsky
• Ferramentas- Evolução cultural• Actividade socialmente organizada / Construcção da Consciência• Três aplicações pedagógicas do postulado ZDP:1. Janela de aprendizagem2. Tutor como agente metacognitivo3. Pares como mediadores de aprendizagem
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Teoria sociocultural de Vygotsky
A teoria sociocultural de Vigotsky sobre aprendizagem enfatiza que a inteligência humana provém da nossa sociedade ou cultura, e que ocorre em primeiro lugar através da interacção com o ambiente social.
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Teoria Sociocultural de Vygotsky
ZDP
Cultura
SociedadeExperiência de Cada indivíduo
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Zone of Proximal Development
Distância entre o nível de desenvolvimento real e o de desenvolvimento potencial
Alunos e professores Livros Programas para computadores Materiais de carácter científico Etc.
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Zone of Proximal Development
Objectivo
Suportar a aprendizagem Intencional
A criança desenvolve-se e aprende naturalmente.
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Zone of Proximal Development
Interacção Social aluno - professor
Modelar Apoio EstruturadoMonitorizar o
progresso do aluno
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Mediação
É o processo de intervenção de um elemento intermediário numa relação: a relação deixa de ser directa e passa a ser mediada por esse elemento.
Representa uma nova visão da relação estímulo-resposta.
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Mediação
Mediadores
•Instrumentos (ferramentas): Toda a actividade social é condicionada pelos aspectos materiais, o trabalho em especial desempenha um papel fundamental.
•Signos: O signo age como um instrumento da actividade psicológica de maneira análoga ao papel de um instrumento de trabalho"
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
A linguagem
Funções da Linguagem
Intercâmbio social
Pensamento generalizante
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Desenvolvimento
Nível de desenvolvimento real
Nível de desenvolvimento pessoal
Realizar tarefas de forma independente
Realizar tarefas com a ajuda de adultos
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Nature of Science
Hypothesis
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Hipóteses
Designa-se qualquer proposição que tem ainda de ser provada ou negada. Em lógica as hipóteses formam a base para a argumentação e o raciocínio.
Na ciência constituem uma espécie de "explicações provisórias" para as relações entre os fenómenos que carecem de ser testadas experimentalmente antes de serem apresentadas como uma teoria.
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Hipóteses
Uma hipótese considera-se adequada
Compatível com os factos
Coerente Com outrashipóteses
Pode ser confirmada
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Critérios de validação
A hipótese deve ser: Plausível Consistente Específica Verificável Clara Simples Económica Explicativa
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Hipóteses
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Hipóteses
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Bibliografia
Fontes da web, disponíveis em 19 - 11 – 05: http://www.minerva.uevora.pt/cscl/ http://www.psicologia.com.pt/revistas/ver_resumo.php?i
d=67&idp=6&idn=2 http://phoenix.sce.fct.unl.pt/jmmatos/MESTREM/MEMHT
M/AP7.HTM http://eden.dei.uc.pt/gestao/LOs/empresas/lo_empresas
0_0.html http://afilosofia.no.sapo.pt/11.verificabilidade.htm
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"88 terms every science teacher should know"
Lingo of learning
Trabalho realizado por:Magda Charrua nº13888