85651248-Organic-Farming-Final-Ppt.pdf

8/14/2019 85651248-Organic-Farming-Final-Ppt.pdf

1/47

Role of Organic Farming in Producing High Value Agricultural

Products, Creating Job Opportunity with Various Possible Organic

Inputs and Sources

H A R A M A Y A U N I V E R SI T Y


2/47

Prepared By AyeleAkuma

Avoid

usage of

Synthetic

chemical

inputs

Nutrients rich

yield

Organic Farming

College of Agr icult ur e and Envir onment al

Science

School of Natural resourceM anagement &Environmental

Science


3/47

Concept of Organi Farmin

Avoid

usage of

Synthetic

chemical

inputs

Natural

and farm

resources

Biological

diversity

Nutrients rich

yield

Organic Farming

inputs pest control

Environment &

Local farming

system


4/47

Organic Farming -- Benefi ts -- Why

Improves soil structureLow input costNatural controls of pests and diseases

Prevents the soil erosionPremium quality productPollution free approachMaking available all the essential nutrients.

About one million people suffer from pesticidespoisoning.

20000 die every year due to the toxic effect ofthe chemicals used in agriculture. The crop loss due to pest is still 15000 crores.


5/47

To develop a sustainable agriculture system

To develop self-sufficient agriculture system

To work within natural system and cycles.

To encourage and enhance biological cycles

Objectives of Organic farmin


6/47

Methods

Crop rotation

Mulching

Composting

Agro forestry

Green Manure

Biofertilizers IntegratedIntegrated pestpest managementmanagement


7/47

Crop Rotation

Crop rotation means havingtimes where the fertility ofthe soil is being built up andtimes where crops are grownwhich remove nutrients

Crop rotation also helps avariety of natural predatorsto survive on the farm


8/47

Composting

Compost is organic matter (plant andanimal residues) which has been rotteddown by the action of bacteria and otherorganisms, over a period of time

Compost improves the structure of the

soil

Compost improves soil fertility by addingnutrients and by making it easier forplants to take up the nutrients already inthe soil

Compost improves the soil's ability to holdwater

Provide nutrients for plants but do notimprove soil structure


9/47

Mulching

Mulching means covering the groundwith a layer of loose material such ascompost, manure, straw, dry grass,leaves or crop residues.

How to use mulches

o

Always apply mulches to a warm, wetsoil

o Care should be taken as to the thicknessof the mulch applied

o To clear an area of land of persistentweeds a layer of 10cm or more can beused.


10/47

Green manures

Green manures, often known as covercrops, are plants which are grown toimprove the structure, organic mattercontent and nutrient content of thesoil

They are grown for their green leafymaterial which is high in nutrients andprovides soil cover

Green manures

o Improve the ability of the soil to holdwater

o Control soil erosion

o Improve soil structure

o Improve soil fertility


11/47

Major Cause: Nutrient

Deficiency In Soil

Nutrients are taken up primar ily by the roots in the

form of an aqueous solut ion in the soil

Photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O carbohydrates (CHO) + O2


12/47

FERTILIZERS

Chemical Fertilizers

(Conventional Farming)

Biological Fertilizers

(Organic Farming)

1. Soils may be naturally low in nutrients2. Deficient due to nutrient removal by crops

3. When high yielding varieties are grown

(In order to obtain high yields, Fertilizers are needed).


13/47

Biofertilizers

What is Biofertilizer?


14/47


15/47

Biofertilizers are :

Biofertilizers includes selective

microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, algae

which are capable of fixing atmospheric N or

convert insoluble phosphate and other salts inthe soil into forms available to plants.


16/47

Why Biofertilizers???Disadvantages of chemical fertilizers: The chemical fertilizers are used for better crop yield which are also

providing N,P.

But use of these fertilizers in excess of recommended levels in orderto ensure high yields(generally farmers do),cause environmental

pollution.

These environmental contamination & over supply of nutrients canlead to negative consequences on humans and animals.

- Ingestion of nitrate can be toxic to humans.

It cause eutrophication.


17/47

Advantages1. Biofertilizers are supplements to chemical

fertilizers.

2. They are cheap & can help to reduce fertilizer consumption.

3. They provide biological nitrogen directly toplants

4. They help in solubilization & mineralization ofother plants nutrients like phosphates.

5. Stimulates plant growth by secreting growthhormones.


18/47


19/47

Advantages of Biofertilizers

Renewable source of nutrients

Sustain soil health

Supplement chemical fertilizers.

Replace 25-30% chemical fertilizers

Decompose plant residues, and stabilize C:N ratio of soil

No adverse effect on plant growth and soil fertility.

Secrete fungistatic and antibiotic like substances


20/47


21/47

Targeted All crops

Rhizobium: legumes,

BGA-Azolla: Rice, Azotobacter,

Azospirillum : Most cereals,

cotton, sugarcane

Shelf life long Short for bacteria, long for BGA

Accessibility Affordable section Small and marginal farmers

Irrigation More useful to irrigated field Useful for both irrigated and dry

land farming

Cost High cost Low cost

Soil health Indiscriminate use deteriorates

the soil health

Improves the soil health


22/47

Problems with Biofertilizers

Microbial fertilizers are supplementary to chemicalfertilizers but not substitute to it.

Specific fertilizer are to be used for specific crops.

Efficiency of microbial fertilizer is markedly

dependent on soil character

Shorter self life(6 month).

Sensitivity to temperature.

More chance of contamination


23/47

Types of biofertilizers Nitrogen fixers

1. Symbiotic:Rhizobium, Frankia

2. Non symbiotic:Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Blue greenalgae,Azolla, Acetobacter

Phosphate supplier

1. Phosphate solubiliser:Bacillus, Pseudomonas,Aspergillus

2. Phosphate absorber: V.A.Mycorrhiza (VAM fungi)

Legume inoculation


24/47

Types of biofertilizers

Sulphur supplier

1. Thiobacillus novellus, Aspergillus

Organic matter decomposer and microbial cell mass.

1. Cellulose decomposer, Lignin decomposer.


25/47

Components of Biofertilizers

Biofertilizers are basically composed of twocomponents; microorganisms and carriers.

A. Micro-organisms

A number of micro-organisms fix atmosphericnitrogen or solubilize soil phosphorus

B. Carrier

Carrier is the bulky component of a biofertilizer, whichpreserves the microorganisms alive till they areapplied.


26/47

Where we get Biofertilizers?

These can be prepared in

Laboratory

Fields


27/47

RootNodules


28/47

BIOFERTILIZER ORGANISMS

RHIZOBIUM

AZOSPIRILLUM

VA-MYCORRHIZA

BLUE GREEN ALGAE

AZOTOBACTER

PSB


29/47

Preparation and Application of

Inoculum Seed Inoculation

Liquid inoculation

Granular inoculation Rhizobium-inoculant mixed with compost

Green manure form and dual crop form (Azolla)


30/47


31/47


32/47


33/47

I norganic V/ s Organic farmin

Inorganic Farming Organic Farming

Against Nature Harmony with Nature

Soil structure destroyed Soil structure improves

More chemical residues present incrops

No chemical residues

Low quality produce Premium quality

Highly fluctuation in yield Satisfactory and reliable yield


34/47

Stati sti cal data - Important facts

Currently 32.2 million hectares of agricultural land aremanaged organically and the value for organic foods inglobal market $26 billion US dollar, and is expected togrow to 102 billion US dollars in 2014.

Today, 395 organizations worldwide offer organiccertificationservices.

Many of the certification organizations also operate

outside of their home country.


35/47

Organic Food Markets

17835

5800

30412065 1500 1284 1023 1000 905 868

World Top ten domestic markets for organic food

Million Euros

Source: www. fibl.org/IFOAM Survey 2010


36/47

Global MarketAnnual Growth =15-20%

USA =11-13 BN US $

J apan =350-450 MN US $

Europe =10-11 BN US $

Ethiopia

BothBoth domesticdomestic andand exportexport marketmarket

StartsStarts fromfrom exportexport marketmarket drivendriven

StartedStarted inin yearyear 1996(1996( Sesame,Sesame, ManduraMandura)) MainMain productsproducts exported(exported( coffee,coffee, SesameSesame andand

Honey)Honey)

CoffeeCoffee taketake thethe largestlargest shareshare

Export


37/47


38/47

Organic Producers

Individual farmers

Farmer groups

NGO projects

Companies

Estates


39/47

Major Products produced by Organic Farming

Type Products

Commodity Tea, Coffee, Rice, Wheat

Spices Cardamom, Black pepper, white pepper, ginger,

turmeric, vanilla, mustard, tamarind, clove,

cinnamon, nutmeg, mace chillyPulses Faba Bean, Groundnut, pea, Red Gram, Black

Gram, lentil etc.

Fruits Mango, Banana, Pineapple, Grape, passion fruit,

Orange, Cashew nut, walnut

Vegetables Cabbage, Garlic, Onion, Tomato, Potato, lettuce

Oilseeds Sesame, castor, sunflower

Others Cotton, herbal extract


40/47

Growing DemandHealth Conscious

Selling of organic produce at premium

Rising Income levels

Rising demand for exports

Socio-cultural environment

Keep farmer community healthy

Prospects of Organic Farming

Awareness among farmers


41/47

Core principals to Organic Farming

1. Soil Organic Matter

2. Soil Organisms

3. Bacteria & Fungi

4. Organic Fertilizers

5. Natural Predators

6. Balance

7. Diversification


42/47

Effect of Organic farming

Long-term productivity of the land

Food security and stability

Environmental impact

Social impact


43/47

GovernmentSupportLack of Financial support

Undefined Market structure

Consumer awareness

Training

Certification costLow yield in early stages

Labour Intensive

Transition time to organic

Policy Initiatives

Marketing of produce

Infrastructure and Funds forscientific studies

Constraints

&

Challenges

Constraint & Challenge


44/47

Organic farming Disadvantages

Productivity

Skill

Cost


45/47

Provide financial incentives

Recommendations

Research and technology development

Incentive campaign


46/47

Availability of quality organic manure to the farmers

Conclusion

Market development


47/47

EAT ORGANIC DREAM ORGANIC LIVE ORGANIC

85651248-Organic-Farming-Final-Ppt.pdf

Documents

Transcript of 85651248-Organic-Farming-Final-Ppt.pdf