Science 3edebé

Project and edition by grupo edebé

General management: Antonio Garrido GonzálezEditorial management of educational contents: María Banal MartínezScience and Technology area management: José Estela HerreroPedagogical management: Santiago Centelles CerveraProduction manager: Juan López Navarro

Edebé editorial team:Editor: Montserrat Banal MartínezPedagogue: M.ª Eva Flores SotoGraphic design and cover: Luis Vilardell Panicot

Editorial team:Project editor: Marcos Muslera GarcíaOriginal text: Ana Fernández MartínezPage illustration: Anna VillalbaArtistic processes: Nico Bassó ComasPhotography: Thinkstock, Agefotostock

While every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders, if any have been inadvertently overlooked, thepublishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

This book is part of the edebé editorial project and complies with the curricular standards and provisions included in theOrganic Law on Education (LOE) of May 3rd 2006.

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ISBN 978-84-683-0447-2Legal Deposit Printed in Spain

Science 3Primary Education

Student book

STudent book 3

Science

Contents

2

Module A We are living thingsLesson 1 We can sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Living thingsInteraction: the senses and the brainThe five sensesLooking after the sensesLesson 2 We can move . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Interaction: the locomotor systemThe skeleton, the joints and the musclesInjuries and healthy tipsInvestigate Why do we have two eyes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30The challenge Learn to juggle! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Module B Life on EarthLesson 3 Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Vertebrates: mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, reptilesInvertebrates: annelids, molluscs, arthropodsLesson 4 Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Types of plantsThe life cycle of plantsRootsStemsLeavesFlowersInvestigate What type of invertebrate is a rhinoceros beetle? . . . . . . . . 60The challenge Plant 1 million trees! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Module C Where we liveLesson 5 We live together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66The familyThe schoolThe town hallElectionsSensible citizensLesson 6 Villages and cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Villages and citiesPlaces changeCity servicesTransportMapsInvestigate How has the City of London changed throughout history? . 86The challenge Find out about your great-grandparents! . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Module D Jobs and technologyLesson 7 Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92The primary sectorThe secondary sectorThe tertiary sectorProduct distributionLesson 8 Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Simple and compound machinesMachine powerGreat inventionsMagnetsInvestigate What happens if you move the fulcrum away from the centre on a lever? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112The challenge Make a percussion instrument! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Module E The fuel of lifeLesson 9 Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118What is energy?Non-renewable and renewable sources of energyElectricitySaving energyLesson 10 Sound and light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128SoundNoise pollutionLight and objectsLight reflection and light refractionLight and coloursInvestigate Can you light an energy saving light bulb with a balloon? . 140The challenge Design your own earthship! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Module F EcosystemsLesson 11 Landscapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Inland and coastal landscapesThe river from source to mouthThe water cycleRelief mapsLesson 12 Habitats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158Land habitats: the Arctic and the Antarctic, the desert, the tropical rainforest, the Mediterranean woodlandWater habitats: saltwater and freshwaterEcosystem interaction: The food chainInvestigate What happens if you introduce a foreign species into an ecosystem? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170The challenge Make a terrarium! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

3

Student book 3Science

What living things can you

see in the picture?

Can you see any non-living

things? Which are natural

and which man-made?

What are these children doing?

Can pebbles talk, move and

touch?

What other living things do

you think live in this place?

Before starting

4

Module Ae e n

5

n t n s

Yo

6

e n senseLesson

7

ou will learn about

Life cycles and processes

Reproduction

Nutrition

Interaction

The 5 senses

Healthy tipsVocabulary

BrainNervesPupilIris

EardrumNostrils

Taste buds

Get ready!How can the girl and the rabbit

see each other?How can they hear the world

around them? How do they communicate?

8

n t n sLiving things are o n g o e oduce and die. This is a li e c cle.

What living things can you see in the picture? How arethey born? Are adults and babies the same or different?Point out 3 non-living things. Which are natural andwhich are man-made?

Talk about it

1 Living things areo n...

2 ...they grow upand e oduce...

3 ...and they diewhen they are old.

9

Notebook activities

Living things have three li e ocesses: nut ition, inte action and e oduction.

1 D a the life cycle of a living thing and show it to your friends.2 ite Are you a living thing? Why?3 D a a picture of yourself as a baby, a picture of yourself now and apicture of yourself when you grow up. ite 3 things that are different.

Do people, animals andplants interact, reproduce andget food in the same way? How are they different?

Talk about it

ut itionAll living things get ood to survive. What type of food does this bird eat?What about the trees?

e oductionAll living things reproduce in order tomake ne living things. How are babyturtles born?

Inte actionLiving things interact by touching,

oving, co unicating...How are this mother and her babyinteracting?

10

ur 5 senses tell us a out the o ld around us. ur ain es onds tothe in o ation so we can interact with the world.

nte t on t e senses n t e n

1

2

What are the children doing in picture 1? And in picture2? What are their senses telling their brains? What doesthe brain tell the body to do?

Talk about it

CD t ac 1 Identify the sounds and say what they tell you.

11

e ves are all ove the od and connect the brain with our 5 senses.The ain gets messages from the nerves and tells the body what to do.

1 D a an ice cream, a smelly rubbish bin and an alarm clock and itewhat organ you use to sense each one.2 ite What is your body s response in each case?

What do our nerves do when we interact with the picturesabove? Our nerves are working all the time. Can youthink of any examples? Explain to your classmates whatthe nerves do in each case.

Talk about it

Notebook activities

Brain

Nerves

12

Did you know That some people are colour-blind? They can’t tell red from green. What

number can you see on the picture?

ee nThe e es are the organs of sight.

1 D a your friend s eye and label its parts. ite What colour is their iris?And yours?2 ite 3 things you use your eyes for every day.

Notebook activities

The e e o s e elids ande elashes protect the eyes froms eat and dust.

The i is is the big, coloured circleat the front of the eye.

The u il is the black part in thecentre of the iris.

Eyelashes

Iris

Eyelid

Eyebrow

Pupil

What information do the eyes give us about an object?

Talk about it

13

Pupil

Retina

Optic nerve

o e see1 Light gets in the eyethrough the u il.

2 Light forms animage on the etina.

Look at the size of your friends’ pupils. Ask them to closetheir eyes and cover them with their hands for 30 seconds.What has happened to their pupils? Why?Can we see without light?

Talk about it

3 The o ticne ve sends thatinformation to the

ain and this iswhat we see.

14

e nThe ea s are the organs of hea ing.They are protected by s all hai s.

3 small

bones

Eardrum

Ear

uter ear Middle ear

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLY9EKBoiPo

Watch this video and name the parts of the earthat vibrate with sound.

Online

1 Sound travels through the airand gets into ou ea s.

2 Sound makes all the ear partsvi ate.

15

CD t ac 2 Are these sounds nearor far?

Cochlea

Auditory

nerve

Inner ear

1 ite 3 important things you use your hearing for every day. Follow this e ample: I use my sense of hearing for crossing the road.

Notebook activities

When you are close to someonewho is making noise...Does the noise sound louder orquieter?Do you think the vibrations are bigger or smaller?

Talk about it

3 The audito ne ve sends the message to the ain, and this is whatwe hear.

Did you know?The louder the sound, the bigger the vibrations.

The quieter the sound, the smallerthe vibrations.

16

e nThe nose is the organ of s ell. Smells travel through the ai .

Olfactory

nerve

Nostril

1. Ai goes up the nost ils

2. The ol acto ne ve sendsmessages to the ain, andis what we smell.

Have you ever tried your sense of smell to know if foodwas in good condition?Can you think of any smelly things? Does everythingsmell?

Talk about it

1 Co the following words and ite what smell they make you think of:each - oo - Newspaper - Swimming Pool - akery - Classroom

Follow this e ample: The smell of the beach makes me think of sunscreen.

Notebook activities

17

st nThe tongue is the organ of taste. It is covered in many taste uds that tell usabout the ou di e ent lavou s.

Salty

Bitter

Sour

Sweet

Taste buds

The ne ves in the taste udssend the information to the ain and this is whatwe taste.

Can you see the taste buds in the pictures above? Oursense of taste is connected to our sense of smell. Doesfood taste the same when we have a cold and can’t breathe properly?

Talk about it

Notebook activities

1 Co this chart and ite some e amples:itter Sour Sweet Salty

18

o nThe s in is the organ of touch. ur skin covers our bodies.

Look at your fingertips and those of your friends. Do they look the same or different? What does our skintell us about an object?

Talk about it

1 ite these words in the te t below: soft - smooth - hard - rough - cold - hot

Some stones are because their surfaceis irregular. thers have edgesbecause water has washed them for manyyears. ut all are and difficult to break.We leave footprints on the sand because it is

. Sea water is in the North Poleand in the Mediterranean.

Notebook activities

ai covers the skin.

o es release s eat.

e ves send our sensations to the brain,and this is what we feel.

19

oo n te t e senses

Eye doctor optician Ear, nose and throatdoctor

Skin doctor dermatologist

Have you ever been to any of these doctors? How did theylook after you?

Talk about it

Healthy tips * Don’t listen to very loud music to avoid

damaging your eardrums.

* Always brush your tongue when you brush your

teeth to keep it germ-free.

* Always use sunscreen in summer to avoid getting

burnt.

* Read and watch TV with enough light to avoid

damaging your eyes.