Chapter 6 Volcanoes Volcanoes & Plate Tectonics Volcanic Activity Volcanoes in Idaho??? .
8.3 TYPES OF VOLCANOES Where the rock cycle begins.
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Transcript of 8.3 TYPES OF VOLCANOES Where the rock cycle begins.
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8.3 TYPES OF VOLCANOES
Where the rock cycle begins
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Learning Targets
1. Describe the basic shapes of volcanoes
2. Compare the features of volcanoes3. Describe the stages in the
formation of volcanoes
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How do volcanoes form?
1. Many layers of lava and ash mix together to make a volcano
2. Different types of volcanoes form from different mixes of ash, gas, and lava
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Types of volcanoes
1. What are the 4 main types of volcanoes?
a)Composite/Stratovolcanob)Shieldc) Cinder coned)Supervolcano
2. Determined by type of magma and type of eruption
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Composite volcano Stratovolcano
1. Most famous type of volcano2. Tall mountain with volcanic vent
running through the center3.Viscous lava mixed with
pyroclastic material; i.e. composite
4. What does strata- mean?a)Layer
5.Each eruption = one layer
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Pyroclastic material held together with lava
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Composite Volcano Eruption
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Shield Volcano
1. Shaped like a shield laid flat2.Wide, low volcanoes
a) Can be 100 miles wide
3. What type of eruption?a)Effusive eruptions
4. What type of lava?a)Low viscosity lava
5.No pyroclastic material
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Shield Volcano Formation
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Cinder Cones
1. Smallest and most common2. Usually only erupt once3. Sometimes form around other
volcanoes4. Formed by lava or pyroclastic material?
a)Only pyroclastic material; no lava
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Cinder Cone Formation
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Supervolcanoes
1. Huge volcanic features2. Eruptions so powerful only a caldera
remains3. A caldera is a Volcanic Crater4. Eruptions are rare, but can change
global climate and life on earth5. A lot is unknown due to rarity of
eruptions
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Caldera of a Supervolcano
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Mt. Pinatubo Eruption; not a supervolcano
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Yellowstone Magma
ChamberMt. Pinatubo
Magma Chamber
Last Yellowstone supervolcano supereruption: 640,000 years ago
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Types of volcanoes and causes
1.Compositea)Subduction zones
2.Shielda)Hot spots
3.Cinder conea)Variable
4.Supervolcanoa)Enormous hot spots under
continents
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8.4 VOLCANIC LANDFORMS
Where the rock cycle begins
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Learning Targets
1. List and describe landforms created by lava
2. Explain how magma creates different landforms
3. Describe the processes that create hot springs and geysers.
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Volcanic features
1. Lava can forma) Lava domes: reforming volcanoesb) Lava plateaus: lava erupted on flat
groundc) Volcanic islands: Island arc or hot
spot chaind) What type of rock is this? Extrusive
Igneous2. Magma can form
a) Intrusive igneous rocks Small pebbles to huge batholiths
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Growing Lava Dome
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Crater Lake; Caldera with Lava Dome
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Cascades Lava Plateau
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Lava Plateau: Like a flood that becomes solid rock
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Remains of ancient magma (intrusive)
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Hot springs and Geysers
1. Water reacts with nearby magma to form
a)Hot springs: hot water under normal pressure
b)Geysers: hot water that erupts under high pressure
2. Why might people think this water has medicinal properties?
a)Hot water holds a lot of minerals
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Edge of Pyroclastic Flow
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