8.3 Lektion 8 Recht und Umwelt STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 8.3-1...

8.3

Lektion 8 Recht und UmweltSTRUKTUREN

© and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 8.3-1

Demonstratives

—Das ist der grüne Punkt.

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Demonstratives

• Demonstratives put emphasis on something or someone that is already known. They can be used to replace a pronoun, or as a limiting adjective.

Demontrative pronoun Demontrative as limiting adjective

Der da ist ein bekannter Aktivist.That one there is a well-known activist.

Ist dieses Wasser trinkbar?Is this water drinkable?

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Demonstratives

• Unlike in English, demonstrative pronouns in German are usually the first element in the sentence, which helps to emphasize the person or object. They replace the regular pronouns.

Noun Personal pronoun Demontrative

Die ausländische Zeuginist nervös.The foreign witness is nervous.

Ich möchte nicht sie sein.I wouldn’t like to be her.

Die möchte ich nicht sein.I wouldn’t like to be her (that one).

Siehst du den Kriminellen?Do you see the criminal?

Er ist total schuldig.He is totally guilty.

Der ist total schuldig.He (That one) is totally guilty.

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Demonstratives

• The demonstrative pronouns and adjectives include the following.

der/die/dasthat one

jen–that

der/die/dasselbethe same

dies–this

solch–such a

der/die/dasjenigethat one/those ones

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Demontratives

• Demonstrative pronouns agree in number and gender with the object or person to which they refer. The case of the demonstrative pronoun depends on its role in the sentence. Demonstrative pronouns are identical to the relative pronouns.

Er ist ein bekannter Aktivist. Mit dem möchte ich mich nicht streiten.He’s a well-known activist. I wouldn’t like to argue with him (that one).

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Demontratives

Demonstrative Pronouns

Nominative der die das die

Accusative den die das die

Dative dem der dem denen

Genitive dessen deren dessen deren

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Demontratives

• When a demonstrative is used as a limiting adjective to modify a noun, it follows the same rules for adjective endings as der-words.

Ich finde diese hoch bezahlten Rechtsanwälte äußerst talentiert.I think these highly paid attorneys are extremely talented.

Ich mag solche pazifistischen Leute. Mit denen kommen ich gut zu recht.I like such pacifistic people. I get along well with them.

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Demontratives

• Unlike English, which uses this/these and that/those with equal frequency, German tends to use dies– more than jen–. When two things are compared using this and that, then German uses jen– with dies–.

Diese Bücher hier vorne sind teuer.These books at the front are expensive

Jene in der Ecke sind billiger.Those in the corner are less expensive.

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Demontratives

• The adverbs hier and da can be used in conjunction with the demonstrative to give additional emphasis.

Welcher Kandidat hat bei der Wahl gewonnen?Es ist der hier neben mir.Which candidate won in the election?It’s this one here next to me.

Wer ist die neue Politikerin?Es ist die da!Who is the new female politician?It is that one!

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Demontratives

ACHTUNG!

In American English, it is perfectly acceptable to say, It’s him instead of It is he. However, this is not acceptable in German; German always adheres to the correct case: Da ist er.

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Demontratives

• The demonstratives derselbe, dieselbe, and dasselbe as well as derjenige, diejenige, and dasjenige are written as one word but are treated as if they were two words. The first part has the same endings as der/die/das, whereas the second half has regular adjective endings.

Wir kennen dasselbe Problem in den USA.We are familiar with the same problem in the United States.

Wir haben denselben Machtmissbrauch in unserem Land.We have the same misuse of power in our country.

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Demontratives

• Derselbe, dieselbe, and dasselbe are used to define a particular person or thing. They are placed before the noun and have the same endings as the derjenige group.

Das ist nicht dieselbe Kritik wie vom letzten Jahr.That is not the same criticism as last year.

Hier sind dieselben Drohungen zu spüren.The same threats are found here.

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Demontratives

• Derjenige, diejenige, and dasjenige can be used in conjunction with a relative clause. They represent the object pronoun that is referred to in the relative clause.

Ich finde diejenigen, die ruhig bleiben, schuldig.I think those who remain quiet are guilty.

Ich kann denjenigen empfehlen, der die Menschenrechte verteidigt.I can recommend that one who defends human rights.

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Demontratives

• Selbst and selber (regarded as synonyms) are also used to provide emphasis. They are not declined and are placed after the noun or pronoun. They correspond to any English words with self, such as myself, himself, herself.

Ich habe ihn selbst verteidigt.I defended him myself.

Sie selber hat den Impfstoff erfunden.She invented the vaccine herself.

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Demontratives

ACHTUNG!

Derselbe is not the same as gleich even though both are translated as same in English. Derselbe refers to exact identity. Gleich refers to things or people similar to each other.

Sie hat jeden Tag dasselbe Kleid an.She wears the same dress every day.

Ich habe das gleiche Kleid.I have the same dress.

8.3 Lektion 8 Recht und Umwelt STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 8.3-1...

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