822 MY92

ft

-^/91-/O391 !

Cover photograph: 1/ieto of Semtnyih 'Dam,

Sdmgor Varu( 'EUsan.

CONTENTS

1. MALAYSIA IN BRIEF 1

2. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY 2

3. INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF WATER SUPPLY MANAGEMENT . . . 2

4. ENGINEERING STANDARDS, SPECIFICATIONS AND PRACTICE 3

4.1 Publications 34.2 Planning of Development 34.3 Water Sources and Treatment Process 44.4 M & E Plant 44.5 Storage and Distribution 44.6 Materials and Workmanship 64.7 Pipes and Tanks 6

4.8 Water Supply Plumbing System 6

5. WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT. . 6

5.1 Objective 65.2 Water Supply : The Past and The Future 65.3 Water Resource Development 85.4 Water Supply Financing 8

6. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 9

6.1 Funding . 96.2 Guidelines for Operation, Maintenance and

Surveillance of Dams 96.3 Guidelines for Operation and Maintenance of

Treatment Plants 116.4 Non-Revenue Water (NRW) 12

7. WATER QUALITY AND CONTROL 12

8. STATISTICS ON WATER SUPPLY 14

8.1 Coverage, Supply and Demand Statistics 148.2 Pipelines 168.3 Tariffs 16

9. TRAINING AND RESEARCH 16

9.1 Training . , . . . . . . . . 169.2 Research 16

10. GENERAL APPLICATION PROCEDURES FOR WATER SUPPLY 18

18

, W/:..;.ii SUPPLY

11. LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE1 ' XSkt^i,

•>09 AD "I he Hague

\ :.i:i. ( 0 /0 ) 8 i 4 J !! ext. 141/142

1. MALAYSIA IN BRIEF

THE COUNTRY

Malaysia is a Constitutional Monarchycomprising 15 states including WilayahPersekutuan Kuala Lumpur and WilayahPersekutuan Labuan.

Federal Capital — Kuala Lumpur.

Bharu

;uala Terengganu

!GGANU

0 P.Tibman

J5 P, Anamhas

s " P . Siartfan-

P. Jemaja

Bahru

^^6AP0RE<p £ j

109"

THE LAND

Total land area - 330,433 sq. km.

The eastern and western halves ofPeninsular Malaysia (formerly Malaya)are effectively separated by a range ofmountains known as the Main Range.

Sabah's Crocker Range boasts the highestpeak in Malaysia, the majestic MountKinabalu (elevation 4,100 m).

THE CLIMATE

Average temperature - 21°C to 32°C.Average annual rainfall — 3540 mm.Humidity - 85% to 95%.

North-East monsoon — November to AprilSouth-West monsoon — May to October

117" 119"

200I

300I

SOUTH CHINA SEA

•too

_ J k m

WiLAYAHPERSEKUTUAN

LABUAN

105" 10T"

THE ECONOMY

GNP (1991 prices) - M$122,189 million

Per capita GNP - M$6,716.00

GDP (1991 prices) - M$85,963 million

Annual GDP Growth Rate - + 8.3%

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX International Boundary

P. Natuna

£}P. Subi Besar

THE PEOPLE

Malaysia is a multi-racialsociety with 2. diverse culturaland religious background.

Population - 18.0 million (1990) figure 1.1: Malaysia

I 2. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY

Although the use of slow sand filters began in1829, it was the infamous London Broad Streetwater well epidemic in the early 1850s whichshowed that sewage contamination was relatedto human disease. After this there was a generalinternational movement in developed nations torequire all potable water to be filtered, generallyusing slow sand type filters. The Germ Theory ofdisease developed by Pasteur and others in the1860s and 1870s led to the development of rapidsand filters in the late 1890s. In the periodbetween 1900 and 1915, the technology ofdisinfection of water, first with hypochlorites andthen with gaseous chlorine, was developed.Modern water treatment technology was thusborn.

Against this world historical background, the firstformal arrangement for a water supply system inthis country began in Penang in 1804. Clearstream water from the hills was brought along abrickwork channel to the town where earthenpipes were laid through the streets and tin pipesconducted water to the houses. In Sarawak,Kuching had its first water supply in 1887 servingthen about 8,000 people. However modern rapidgravity filtration plants were only introduced inthis country in the 1930s. Since independence in1957, the number of treatment plants in thiscountry has increased from 150 to more than 400reflecting the tremendous sosio-economicchange in this period of 34 years.

3. INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF WATER SUPPLY MANAGEMENT

Under the federal constitution of Malaysia, watersupply matters are the responsibility of the states.The state governments are responsible for thedevelopment of water resources, production,operation and maintenance of public watersupplies. The states operate the suppliesthrough either the state Public Works

Department (PWD), state Water SupplyDepartment (WSD) or state Water Board (WB).The Federal PWD is the federal agency forconsultation and technical advice for the statePWDs and state WSDs, as well as a coordinatingagency for all water supply projects funded by thefederal government.

The types of organisation under which water supply in the states is managed and operated are listed inTable3.L

1.

2.

3.

4.

Water Board (WB)

Water Supply DepartmentWSD)

Public Works Department(PWD)

Federal PWD Headquarters

Melaka, Pulau Pinang, Perak and Kuching andSibu in Sarawak

Selangor (including Wilayah Persekutuan KualaLumpur), Negeri Sembilan, Johor,Terengganu and Sabah

Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang.Perlisand Sarawak(except Kuching and Sibu)

Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan

Ta6h 3.1: Types of Water Supply Authorities

Legislatively, all states have their own watersupply enactments which were passed by therespective state legislative bodies. Currently, theFederal Government has drafted a new watersupply act for providing a uniform framework tobe adopted by the states. The act contains, inter

alia, new provisions for protection of water supplycatchment areas, privatisation of water supplyactivities, stiff penalties on consumer offencesand the power to declare a water supplyemergency.

if4-' ENGINEERING STANDARDS, SPECIFICATIONS AND PRACTICE

The Water Supply Branch of the Federal PWDplays an important role in maintainingengineering standards as well as instandardisation of practice in the-country. Thisrole includes the provision of consultancy andleadership on technical matters to waterauthorities in the country, setting of standardsand criteria for design as well as for properoperation and maintenance of water supplysystems, and standardisation of water supplyspecifications for use by the PWD/WSD/WB inthe states.

4.1 Publications

The Water Supply Branch of the Federal PWD has

published several guidelines and technical noteswhich set the engineering standards for watersupply practice, materials, workmanship anddesign criteria. These include the following:

a) Design Criteria and Standards for WaterSupply Systems: Volumes 1, 2 and 3.

b) Guidelines on the Design of Water SupplyPlumbing Systems

c) Guidelines for Uniform Application for WaterSupply to Housing Schemes in Malaysia

d) Explanatory Handbook on Water SupplyRules.

'figure, 4.1 : 'Design Criteria and Standards for Water Supply Systems Produced by the. federal

4.2 Planning of Development

Generally, water supply development is plannedwith a planning horizon of at least 20 yearsbut its implementation is carried out in phases.The first phase of development is implemented to

meet water demand, usually, for a 10-year period.Review of the planning is done just beforelaunching of the next phase of development.

4.3 Water Sources and Treatment Process

Surface water constitutes about 97% of thesources of water supply in the country whilst theremaining 3% is from groundwater. The reliabilityof surface water sources was traditionally basedon a design drought of 1 in 25 years but this hasbeen upgraded to a more severe drought of 1 in

50 years.

The conventional method of treatment processesis normally used. Some typical design criteriaused for the various treatment processes aregiven in Table 4.1.

Flocculation Detention Period 20-30 min.

Sedimentation Surface Loading -2m 3 /m 2 /h

Filtration (Rapid Sand Gravity) Filtration Rate 5-10m3 /m2 /h

Disinfection Contact Time 30 min.

TaUCe 4.1 : Design Criteria for Treatment 'Process

4.4 M & E Plant

A standby pumping capacity of 50 - 100% isprovided. The power supply is usually 3 phase,50Hz, 415V but for very large installations, highvoltages of up to 11kV is used. In remote areaswhere permanent power supply is not available,diesel generators with 100% standby areprovided.

Operational control of plant is manual orsemi-automatic but protection control for motorsis automatic. Booster pumping direct intodistribution and reticulation mains is rarely usedas water is usually supplied under gravitationalhead.

4.5 Storage and Distribution

A 24-hour storage of water is provided where thetopography allows reservoirs to be sited on theground. In flat areas, a minimum of 8-hourstorage is provided.

The pipe diameter in the reticulation system is notless than 150mm though the older pipes may beas small as 75mm in diameter. The pressure atpoint of supply is generally not more than 60metres head of water. This maximum pressure isreduced to 40 metres for Felda schemes. Theminimum pressure is 10 metres for rural areasand 22 metres for urban areas. The pressurerequirements are summarised in Table 4,2,

The daily peak factor used in design is 1.2 andthe hourly peak factor is 2.5. However a hourlypeak factor of 3.0 is used for Felda schemes.Table 4.3 summaries the peak factors used indesign.

The reticulation network for new housingschemes is designed to meet fire demandrequirements.

W RESIDUffiLPRESSURE

Minimum

i Maximum

URBAN

22

60

^ R U R A L

10

60

FELDA H|

10

40

TaBCe 4.2 : t^sUual 'Pressure Requirements

'Bunded Storage Concrete 'Dam with Ogee-profiledSpillweirs

Water 'Treatment Plant 's Instrument

Sedimentation and'filtration Tanks

Filter gallery ground and 'Elevated 'Water Tanks

4.Z : Typical Water Treatment Components In Malaysia.

5

Urban

Rural: . . . . • • . : : : • . : " • . : : ' • " • " 1

• • . . . - . . • . • • : • : : : • „ • • . • . . . • • • • • •

• : . . • • . . . . . • • • . • ; ; • : . •

Felda '">§S?.:..

pgjy^ FACTOR ' ™

DAILY

1.2 - ^ ; ^ > ^ . .

1 . 2 • • ' " • " " : : ' • . . • • -

HOURLY !

2.5

;j:M 2-5 ... ':' •

3.0

43 : actors

4.6 Materials and Workmanship

The standards of materials and workmanship inwater supply are specified in the standardspecifications issued by the Federal PWD.Materials used in water supply installations arespecified to comply with the relevant MalaysianStandards, British Standards, ISO Standards andother national standards of internationalstanding.

4.7 Pipes and Tanks

The various pipe materials used areconcrete-lined steel pipes, uPVC pipes, ductileiron pipes, polyethylene pipes, cast iron pipesand asbestos cement (AC) pipes. Presently, ACpipes constitute about 80% of all pipes used in

water supply installations in the country.

Many types of storage reservoirs and tanks areused. These include reinforced concrete tanks,fibreglass reinforced polyester tanks, galvanisedpressed steel tanks, glass-fused steel tanks andprestressed concrete reservoirs.

4.8 Water Supply Plumbing System

The water supply plumbing systems are designedto meet the requirements of the respective StateWater Supply Rules. However with thepublication of the Uniform Water Supply Rules,the states have either adopted the rules or usedit as guidelines.

5. WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT

5.1 Objective

The objective of the government is to provide itspopulation with adequate and safe water supply tomeet the growing demand for domestic andindustrial consumption with the aim of improvingpublic health and supporting industrialdevelopment. Figure 5.1 shows the comparisonbetween water supply capacity and the waterdemand.

5.2. Water Supply : The past and the future

Over the past decade (1980 - 1990), there hasbeen a rapid growth in water demand due to therapid development of the country and theaccelerated water supply expansion to the ruralareas.

jfo PRODUCTIONCAPACITY/DEMAND

11,000-i

10,000

S 9,000 H

1980 1985 1990 1995

J\g\m S.I : SuppCy Capacity and 'Demand in Malaysia.

YEAR

Over the years, the Malaysian Government hasaccorded high priority for water supplydevelopment since water is a basic need for thegrowing population and essential for the growthof the various sectors of the economy.

Over the next five years, the thrust of thecountry's water supply programmes is on theprudent use of water and financial resources. In

line with this, priority will be focused onimprovement in the efficiency and effectivenessof the water supply authorities and making moreefficient use of existing assets. This is also inresponse to a growing pressure for animprovement in the level of service in terms ofquantity, quality, realibility and price. Table 5.1shows the water supply expenditure in 5-yearMalaysia Plans.

5-YEAR PLAN

Third Malaysia Plan

Fourth Malaysia Plan

Fifth Malaysia Plan

Sixth Malaysia Plan

PERIOD

1976-80

1981-85

1986-90

1991-95

!•-' WATER SUPPLY H PEXPENDITURE

(MILLION $)

538

2,085

2,467

2,854.5*

TOTAL IBUDGET .1

3.5 ;

6.3

5.2

* Budget allocation

Tablt 5.1 : 'Water SuppCy 'Expenditure in S-ftar Malaysia 'Plans

Development programmesMalaysia Plan include:-

under the Sixth

(i) reduction and control of non-revenue waterthrough rehabilitation and upgrading ofexisting distribution systems.

(ii) rehabilitation and upgrading of existing watertreatment plants.

(iii) improvement of water supply systems to theexisting industrial areas.

(iv) development of new water supply projects inareas of importance in term of promotingindustries, tourism and socio-economicdevelopment.

5.3 Water Resource Development

Though the country can be considered rich inwater resources with an average annual rainfall"of 3540 mm, available water resources for directabstraction has been constrained by unevendistribution of resources in term of space andtime. About 97% of the raw water fo r water supply

is by means of direct surface abstraction, with orwithout dam impoundment and the remaining 3%from groundwater, principally in the state ofKelantan. The growing and competing demandfrom various sectors for water supply has begunto strain the available water resources. Futurewater resource development will place moreemphasis on the more efficient and coordinatedwater resource development plans, such as theconstruction of multipurpose impounding damsand inter-state water transfer schemes. Waterresource development wil l also becomplemented with more effective managementand control of water quality.

5.4 Water Supply Financing

Capital investment in water supply systems isfunded by the state governments, as well as bythe federal government by means of low interestloans and grants depending on the financialability of the states. Table 5.2 indicates generallythe types of projects and the mode of fundingprovided by each financing agency.

1 AGENCY

1. Ministry of Works

2. Ministry of RuralDevelopment

3. Ministry of Landand CooperativeDevelopment

4. Ministry of Health

5. State Government

6. Estate Owner

TYPrOF PROJECT

1. Major Water Supply2. AntahBiwater Rural Water Supply

1. Rural Water Supply

1. Felda Water Supply2. Regional Development Authority

Water Supply

1. Community Water Supply

1. Other Water Supply Projects2. Privatised Projects

1. Estate Water Supply

^^BuRCE'OF FUNDS " * W " '

1. Federal Loan2. Federal Grant

1. Deficit Budget State :-Federal Grant

2. Non-Deficit Budget State.-'2/3 Federal Grant1/3 Federal Loan

1. Federal Grant2. KEJORA,KESEDAR,

DARA.JENGKA,KETENGAH

i. Treatment Plant:-Federal Grant

ii. Distribution Systems-Federal Loan

State Government

State Government

• • • ' • • ' . • . ' • • •

Estate Owner

Table S.Z : financing of 'Water Supply 'Development

8

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

6.1 Funding

Except for Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan whichcomes under the jurisdiction of the Federal PWD,operation and maintenance of water supplysystems, as in all other matters of water supply,are the responsibility of the respective StateGovernments. A yearly allocation is allocated bythe State Governments to the respective statewater supply authorities to operate and maintaintheirfacilities. Figure 6.1 shows the operation andmaintenance cost of water supply systems forPeninsular Malaysia.

6.2 Guidelines for Operation, Maintenanceand Surveillance of Dams

The "Guidelines for Operation, Maintenance andSurveillance of Dams" was prepared by theMalaysian Inter-Departmental Committee onDam Safety which has its secretariat in the WaterSupply Branch of the Federal PWD. It providesgeneral guidelines on the proper safetymanagement of dams in Malaysia. Water supplydam owners who own a total of 25 dams arecurrently using these guidelines which wereissued in late 1989.

r t f ™ T ^

o

oO

08

O

'figwn 6.1 : Operation, oni Maintenanu Cost of 'Waur Suppfy Systems for Peninsular Malaysia (1988)

figure. 6.Z : View of Sungai Terip 'Dam, tygiri Sembilan 'Danil 'Kftusus

In 1990, a Dams Surveillance Unit was formed inthe Water Supply Branch of the Federal PWD toassist the water supply dam owners inimplementing an effective dam safety programme

to ensure that the dams are properly operated andmaintained and continuous surveillance carriedout so that the risk of dam failure is minimised.

figure 63 :

guidelines forOperation, 9Aainlenanctand Surveittanciof 'Dams

10

6.3 GuidelinesforOperation and Maintenance of Treatment Plants

The "Guidelines for Operation and Maintenanceof Treatment Plants" was prepared by the WaterSupply Branch of the Federal PWD to assist thedistrict water supply engineers in the properoperation and maintenance of the treatmentplants. The guidelines list down routineprocedures and tests to be carried out by thetreatment plant operators to ensure that the

treated water produced will meet the WHOStandards for Drinking Water. The guidelinesrecommend the preparation of a daily report.These reports will assist the district engineers inmonitoring the quality of treated water, the levelof maintenance and the overall performance ofthe treatment plants.

figure 6.4 :

Ajar test Being carried out in thelaboratory. 'The test result is used todetermine the optimum chemicaldosing rate to achieve efficientcoagulation and flocculatim.

figure 6.5 :

general view of'Bukit 9{enasTreatment 'Plant situated in tfu Heartof 'Kuala Lumpur. 'The treatmentplant Has a maximum capacity of190 Mid.

11

6.4 Non- Revenue Water (NRW)

A joint study by the Federal PWD and a privateconsultant carried out in 1988/1989 found that,nationwide, 43% of treated water produced isunaccounted for. Figure 6.6 gives the breakdownof NRW by region. Through this joint study, anNRW unit was set up in the Water Supply Branchof the Federal PWD to implement and coordinateNRW control programmes countrywide with theaim of reducing the countrywide NRW level to

about 25% by the end of 2000.

An NRW control programme and distributionsystem study is currently being jointly carried outby the NRW Unit and a local expert for the Stateof Perlis. Apart from NRW reduction, the study isbeing used as a pilot for the Federal PWD todevelop standards of service criteria such aspressure, flow and realibility.

SUPPLY (x103m3/d) 3,588 3,907

Average meteredconsumption(x103m3/d)

2,041(57%)

205(64%)

2,246(57%)

Meterunder registration(x103 m3/d)

31230/

23(7%)

33530/

Other losses(x103m3/d)

722%

78

Estimatedleakage(x103m3/d)

1,163(32%)

85(27%)

figure 6.6 ; 'Breakdown of 9{on-'J(^venue Wattr

1,248(32%)

7. WATER QUALITY AND CONTROL

Water supply produced by the state waterauthorities are geared to meet criteria as spelt outin the World Health Organisation's "Guidelines forDrinking Water" and the "National Guidelines forDrinking Water Quality" in order to ensure a safepublic water supply. With the joint cooperation ofthe Ministry of Health and the Department ofChemistry, efforts in sampling and testing ofdrinking water have been jointly carried out as farback as the early years of water supply

development. In 1983, the Ministry of Healthformulated a revised National Drinking WaterQuality Surveillance Programme which is aimedat improving the earlier programme as well as toinclude remedial and corrective actions. Figure7.1 shows the number of bacteriological andchemical samples taken in the joint effort by thevarious government departments in the past fewyears.

12

CO

O

toHI

LL

o

100

80

60

40

20

Bacteriological

ChemicalEstimate

1988 1989 1990 1991

YEAR

n 7.1: Total 9^>. of Samples TaJ(pn

1992

The task of meeting drinking water quality criteriais becoming increasingly more challenging. Inrecognising the challenges, the Water SupplyBranch of the Federal PWD Headquarters has setout a two-prong strategy in water quality control.The first prong is to review inplant testing andcontrols with the objective of further improvingthe frequency of water sampling as well as

increasing the list of parameters to be testedwithin treatment plants. The second prong is tostrengthen the surveillance programme byincreasing the number of samples taken as wellas to provide a wider coverage of'sampledistribution. Also, together with the assistance ofthe Department of Environment, further action isbeing taken to protect water catchment areas.

•figure 7,2 : TalQng Water Samples j mm A Sampling

13

8. STATISTICS ON WATER SUPPLY

8.1 Coverage, Supply and Demand Statistics

The coverage of population supplied withdrinking water in Malaysia is very high with anoverall coverage of 80%. Great efforts are beingmade by the government to supply drinking waterto nearly all the population by the year 2010.

During the 1980-1990 period the .average growthin demand and increase in production were 8.1%and 9.5% per annum respectively.

Figure 8.1 shows the overall, urban and ruralcoverage of population supplied with drinkingwater.

In 1990, the demand and production capacitywere 4979 Mid and 6542 Mid respectively. By1995, the demand and production capacity isexpected to be 7661 Mid and 10778 Midrespectively.

As can be seen in Figure 8.2, state-wise, thesupply capacity usually exceeds the demand.Only a few localised areas are found where thesupply capacity may not meet the demand duringdrought periods, but this will be decreasingrapidly in time to come.

22%34%

OVERALL .COVERAGE (1990)POPULATION : 18,061,132POPULATION SERVED : 14114775

URBAN COVERAGE (1990)POPULATION : 7,317,616POPULATION SERVED : 7,024,912

RURAL COVERAGE (1990)POPULATION : 10,742,216POPULATION SERVED : 7 089 863

Figure 8.1 : 'Water Supply Coverage

SUPPLY CAPACITY AND DEMAND (1990)

Supply CapacityI" 1

Demand

figure 8.2 : SuppCy Capacity and 'Demand'

14

LENGTH OF PIPELINES IN STATES (OF DIAMETER 75 mm AND GREATER) (1990)

figure 8.3 : Lmgth of 'Pipelines

oX

|: HI

mm

20 f

10 -

0

1980

LENGTH OF PIPELINES IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA(OF DIAMETER 75 mm AND GREATER)

1982 1984 1986YEAR

1988

8.4 : Length of 'Pipelines in 'Peninsular Malaysia

1990 \

15

8.2 Pipelines 8.3 Tariffs

-Various types of pipes are used in the distributionsystems viz. mild steel, cast iron, spun iron,uPVC, AC and lately ductile iron and high densitypolyethylene.

The length of pipelines above 75 mm diameter inall the states are indicated in Figure 8.3 and thelength of pipelines in Peninsular Malaysia over theperiod 1980-1990 is shown in Figure 8.4,

The main source of revenue for the waterauthorities is from the sale of water. Othersources of income are from connection fees,interest on deposits, etc. All supply except forfire fighting are metered and water consumed ischarged according to the type of usage. Waterrates vary from state to state. Table 8.1 gives anindication of the range of water rates in Malaysia.

W TYPE OF SUPPLY

DOMESTIC SUPPLY

Residential

COMMERCIAL SUPPLY

Industrial

CONSUMPTIONm3/month

0-10

10.1 -50

• • • * • > 50 ••;:nf|;.:

Bulk supply rate , | | f ; ::

^ ^ ^ RATES im$/cu.m IM

0.20 - 0.90

0.35 - 0.95

0.52-1.15

0.42-1.60

Ta6k 8.1 : %gmgt of 'Waur 'Kgtes in Malaysia(as of 1.11.1991)

9. TRAINING AND RESEARCH

The Federal PWD has long recognised that anefficient organisation is based on well-trained andmotivated people and the need to establishresearch and development in the field of watersupply engineering. With this in view, the PublicWorks Institute of Malaysia (IKRAM) in Kajang,Selangor was established in January 1988 andthe Johor Water Training Centre in SungaiLayang, Johor was established in 1989. Threenew training centres, one each at Bukit Sagu inPahang, Kuching in Sarawak and Kota Kinabaluin Sabah have also been built.

9.1 Training

During 1991, 28 courses were conducted tocover various aspects of water supplyengineering, including the design of water supplysystems, supervision of construction, operationand maintenance of water treatment plants anddistribution systems, leakage control, etc., for

various grades of staff. A thorough study ofexisting manpower and an assessment of overalltraining needs was carried out by the FederalPWD with the assistance of WHO experts. It wasfound during the survey carried out in 1988 that12,128 posts have been approved for watersupply personnel and out of this, 10,338 postshave been filled up.

9.2 Research

The proposal for the establishment of the WaterResearch Unit at IKRAM was approved inprinciple in 1990.

A request for allocation amounting to $1.6 millionto carry out research under the Sixth MalaysiaPlan has been forwarded to the Ministry ofScience, Technology and Environment. TheIntensification of Research in Priority Areas

16

'Water 'Testing Laboratory

•Research Laboratory

•Entrance to I'K$^M

'training 'B(oci_

Research

'figure 8,5 : 1ki$v.Hic 'Works Institute of Malaysia

17

(IRPA) panel has reviewed and supported anallocation of $1 million.

A paper has already been submitted to the PublicServices Department to establish the postsrequired for the Water Research Unit at IKRAM.

The research to be carried out will focus on

application and problem-related research andwill cover the following areas:-

* Water Resources

* Water Treatment

* Water Distribution Systems

10. GENERAL APPLICATION PROCEDURES FOR WATER SUPPLY

The application procedures for water supply tohousing development differs slightly from onestate water authority to another. To facilitate theprocess of application, it is advisable to engageconsulting engineers who are registered with thestate water authority concerned and are familiarwith its procedures and requirements.

However, efforts have been made to streamlinethe application procedures among the variousstate water authorities and a guideline for uniformapplication for water supply to housing schemesin Malaysia has been published.

Basically, the application for water supply goesthrough the following stages namely:-

i) submission of application and proposal

ii) construction, inspection and testing of watersupply installations

iii) commissing/testing and handing-over of thewater supply system to the state waterauthority

iv) application for service connections

The procedure for application of water supply issummarised in the flow chart shown in Figure10.1.

11. LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE

The current policy of the Government is toprivatise as many services as are practicable inorder to:-

i) relieve the Government of the financial andadministrative burden in undertaking andmaintaining avast and constantly expandingnetwork of services and

ii) capitalise on the efficiency of the privatesector to increase productivity.

In line with the policy outlined in the EconomicPlanning Unit circular of 1985 on privatisation, theGovernment has successfully privatised anumber of services such as telecommunications,power, highways, port container services andwater supply. Privatisation of water supply inMalaysia includes the Labuan Water SupplyProject and the operation of treatment plants atSungai Semenyih, Sungai Terip and five major

plants in Kedah. The Greater Ipoh II Water SupplyScheme and the Kerian/Larut and Matang WaterSupply Scheme have also been privatisedrecently. In the Sixth Malaysia Plan (1991 -1995),the Government plans to spend about M$2.8billion for the development of water supplies tomeet urban and rural water demands with specialemphasis on industrial water needs as well asupgrading of existing treatment plants. Greaterattention will also be given to non-revenue waterreduction along with rehabilitation of thedistribution systems to ensure an improvement ofthe level of service to the public in the 1990s.

The 1990s will be full of challenges for theenterprising Malaysian in general and the watersupply engineer in particular as privatisation willbe the trend in the coming years coupled withcontinued development to meet increasingdemand.

18

RGEPUMPINGSCHEME ?

DESIGN AND » <PROPOSAL

YESy *•

M

CONCEPTUALDESIGN REPORT

<

SUBMISSION

APPROVAL

Figure 10.1 : (Procedure Jor Application for Water Supply

19

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Wbter Supply Branch, Public Wbrks Department acknowledges with thanks the assistanceit has received from the following :--

PerbadanaB Kpmajuan Pelancongan Malaysi(Tourist Bmmopment Corporation> (TDC) Malaysia)

• • •

/ns(/ftyf Ki9A/a Ra>« Malaysia (IKRAM)(Public Wbrks Institute Of Malaysia)

>V/ PWO sfaff, especially Water Supply Branch, who have contributeddirectly or indirectly towards producing this edition

All but eight photographs are by courtesy of Dr Mohamad bin Abd- Ghani.