8.2- Photosynthesis - Mrs. Shior's Biology Page!
Transcript of 8.2- Photosynthesis - Mrs. Shior's Biology Page!
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8.2-Photosynthesis
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Overview of PhotosynthesisLight energy is trapped and converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis. !!
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Anabolic-buildinglargermolecules
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Pigments- Light-absorbing colored molecules!
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Different pigments absorb different wavelengths of light.!
chlorophyll- Most common pigment in plants!
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Chloroplasts contain!Thylakoids- flattened saclike membranes full of pigments!
grana- stacks of thylakoids!Stroma- fluid filled space!
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Doublemembrane1thylakoidStackofgranumstroma
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HTTPS://YOUTU.BE/1DN_ZDAZN0I
ThisisNOTanentertainingvideoclip,butitexplainswhatyouneedtoknow4minutes
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Photosynthesis occurs in two phases.!!
light-dependent phase- light energy is converted into chemical energy. !(light reactions- in the thylakoid)!!
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Photosynthesis occurs in two phases.!
light-independent phase- chemical energy is used to synthesize glucose. !(Calvin cycle- in the stroma)!!
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Phase One: Light Reactions!
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Light energy excites electrons in photosystem IIcauses a water molecule to split – !1 electron into the electron transport system (ETC)!2 hydrogen ions (H+) into the thylakoid space!1 oxygen as waste!
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The activated electrons move from photosystem II to an acceptor molecule in the thylakoid membrane.!The electron acceptor molecule transfers the electrons along a series of electron carriers to photosystem I.!!
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In the presence of light, photosystem I transfers electrons to a protein called ferrodoxin.!Ferrodoxin transfers the electrons to the carrier molecule NADP+, forming the energy storage molecule NADPH.!!
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ATP is produced as protons flow through ATP synthase (chemiosmosis)!!Remember: the water from photosystem II provided the protons
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HTTPS://YOUTU.BE/WW33L0LD37ITAYLORSWIFTPARODY-PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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Phase Two: Calvin cycle- energy is stored in organic molecules (such as glucose.)!
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Photosynthesis!Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
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Photosynthesis!Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
The first step is carbon fixation. !6 CO2 molecules combine with 6 5-carbon molecules !
to form 12 3 carbon molecules (3-PGA)!
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second step- !chemical energy from ATP & NADPH! is transferred to the 3-PGA !to form G3P!
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third step!2 G3P molecules leave the cycle to make glucose !(and other organic compounds.)!
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Fourth step!rubisco (enzyme) converts the G3P into 5-carbon molecules !ribulose 1, 5-bisphospates (RuBP).!!
These molecules combine with new CO2 and continue the cycle.!
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Alternative Pathways
reducewaterloss
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C4 plants- fix carbon into four-carbon compounds instead of three-carbon molecules!Also: different arrangement of cells within the leaves – separate CO2 uptake from location of Calvin cycle!!• Ex: sugar cane and corn!!
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CAM plants Crassulacean acid metabolism (in desert plants.)!• Collect CO2 at night and store it in
organic compounds!• During the day, release CO2 from
organic compounds for the light-dependent cycle of photosynthesis!
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