Michelle PalaroCriminology 81-220-1

Fall 2014

Chapter 14 –Crimes of the New Mil lennium

• Transnational organized crime

• Cybercrime

• There are generally three types of

cybercrime:– Cybertheft– Cybervandalism– Cyberterrorism

Crime in the Cyber Age

• Illegal copyright infringement

– Warez

– File sharing

– MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster (2005)

Cybertheft: Cybercrime for Profit

• Computer Fraud– Salami slice fraud

• Distributing Illegal or Dangerous Services or Materials– Distributing obscenity– Distributing dangerous drugs

• Denial of service attacks

Cybertheft: Cybercrime for Profit

• Internet Securities Fraud– Market manipulation– Fraudulent offerings of securities– Illegal touting

• Phishing and Identity Theft– Identity theft– Phishing

• Etailing fraud

Cybertheft: Cybercrime for Profit

• Worms, Viruses, Trojan Horses, Logic Bombs, and Spam– Viruses and worms

• Disrupts or destroys existing programs and networks, causing them to perform the task for which the virus was designed

– Computer viruses• Malware: a malicious software

program

Cybervandalism: Cybercrime with Malicious Intent

– Trojan horses• Looks like a benign application but contains

illicit codes that can damage the system’s operations

– Logic bombs• Slag code: Delayed-action virus which may

be set off when certain input data is entered

– Spam • Unsolicited email and electronic

communications

Cybervandalism: Cybercrime with Malicious Intent

• Website Defacement– Normally not profit driving– Hacker accesses the victim’s website

and enters misleading or damaging information

– 70% appeared to be pranks, though some hacking events have a political motive

Cybervandalism: Cybercrime with Malicious Intent

• Cyberstalking

• Cyberbullying

• Cyberspying

Cybervandalism: Cybercrime with Malicious Intent

• Cyberespionage

• Cyberterrorism

• Why Terrorism in Cyberspace?– Cyber attacks

• Funding Terrorist Activities

Cyberwarfare: Cybercrime with Polit ical Motives

Cyberwarfare: Cybercrime with Polit ical Motives

• Illegal Copying

• Computer Security Breaches

• Identity Theft

• Cybervandalism

The Extent and Cost of Cybercrime

• International Treaties

• Cybercrime Enforcement Agencies

Controll ing Cybercrime

• Characteristics of transnational organized crime

• Activities of transnational organized crime

• The rise of transnational gangs– Eastern European gangs– Russian transnational crime groups– Latin American and Mexican drug

cartels– Asian transnational groups

Transnational Organized Crime

• Transnational Organized Crime

Crimes of the New Mil lennium

• Controlling Transnational Crime

• Anti-Organized Crime Laws– Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt

Organization Act (RICO)

• Why is it so difficult to eradicate transnational gangs?

Transnational Organized Crime