8180

Programme and Abstracts

CO

NFE

RE

NC

EInternational Conference on

Algal Biomass, Resources and Utilization(ICABRU 09)

July 27th - 30th, 2009

Organized by

KRISHNAMURTHY INSTITUTE OF ALGOLOGY52A, AK Block, 7th Main Road, Annanagar, Chennai - 600 040, India

AND

DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGYSTELLA MARIS COLLEGE, Chennai - 600 086, India

PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS

8180

Sponsors

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E Collaborating organizations

• Seaweed Research and Utilization Association of India

• Phycological Society, India

• Centre for Advanced Study in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai

• Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Parangipettai

• Vivekananda Institute of Algal Technology, Chennai

• Aquaculture Foundation of India, Chennai

This conference has been sponsored, catalysed and supported withliberal money grants by the following

• Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, New Delhi

• Department of Ocean Development, Ministry of Earth SciencesGovernment of India, New Delhi

• Department of Environment & Forests, Govrment of India, New Delhi

• Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi

• Tamilnadu State Council for Science & Technology, Chennai

8180

Organising Committee

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E

ORGANISING COMMITTEE

Prof. V. KrishnamurthyChairman

Dr. V. SivasubramanianSecretary

Dr. Priscilla Jebakumari AsirConvener

International MembersDr. N.T. Chellapa, Natal, Brazil

Dr. M. Ohno, JapanDr. Roberto De Philippis, Florence, Italy

Dr. A.K.S.K. Prasad, Tallahassee, USADr. Mustafa Shameel, Karachi, Pakistan

National Members

Dr. S.P. Adhikari, Bhubaneswar Dr. B.D. Kaushik, Delhi

Prof. N. Anand, Chennai Dr. M.V.N. Panikkar, Kollam

Dr. P. Anantharaman, Parangipettai Dr. G. Rani, Chennai

Prof. T. Balasubramnaian, Parangipettai Prof. R. Rengasamy, Chennai

Dr. M. Baluswami, Chennai Dr. D. Sahoo, Delhi

Dr. Beulah Vijayakumar, Chennai Dr. M. Sakthivel, Chennai

Dr. S. Bharathan, Chennai Dr. V. Sobha, Thiruvananthapuram

Dr. S. Bharathi Sethumadhavan, Chennai Dr. Pushpa Srivastava, Jaipur

Dr. S. Chandra, Chennai Dr. K. Subbaramaiah, Nellore

Dr. K. Eswaran, Mandapam Dr. G. Subramanian, Tiruchirappalli

Dr. N. Jeeji Bai, Chennai Dr. V.V.Subramanian, Chennai

Dr. N. Kaliaperumal, Bangalore Prof. M. Umamaheswara Rao, Visakhapatnam

Dr. L. Kannan, Annamalai Nagar Dr. M.D. Vijaya Parthasarathy, Chennai

International Conference on

Algal Biomass, Resources and Utilization

8180

Contents

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E

CONTENTS

Programme

Session I…………………………………………………………….. 01

Session II…………………………………………………….………. 02

Session III…………………………………………………………… 03

Session IV…………………………………………………………… 04

Session V……………………………………………………………. 05

Session VI…………………………………………………………… 08

Session VII………………………………………………………….. 09

Session VIII…………………………………………………………. 10

Session IX…………………………………………………………… 11

Plenary Lectures…………………………………………………….……... 13

Abstracts of Presented Papers……………………………..……….. 17

Author Index………………………………………………………….……… 83

8180

PROGRAMME

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E

PROGRAMME

MONDAY, 27th JULY, 2009

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 01

International Conference on

Algal Biomass, Resources and UtilizationJuly 27th - 30th, 2009

8.00 AM onwards : Registration of Delegates

9.30 AM Opening Ceremony

Venue : St. Francis HallStella Maris College, Chennai - 600 086

9.30 AM Invocation

9.35 AM Welcome Address Dr. Sr. Jasintha Quadras, fmmPrincipal, Stella Maris College, Chennai

9.40 AM About the Conference – Prof. V. KrishnamurthyDirector, Krishnamurthy Institute of Algology, Chennai

9.50 AM Inaugural Address – Dr. T. RamasamiSecretary, Department of Science and TechnologyGovernment of India

10.20 AM Opening of Exhibition

10.25 AM Vote of Thanks — Dr. S. BharathanSecretary, Krishnamurthy Institute of Algology

National anthem

10.30 AM Coffee Break

11.00 AM to 1.00 PM SESSION I

Venue : Helene de Chappotin Centre

Chairperson : Prof. R. Rengasamy

Rapporteur : Mrs. J. Kamaleswari

11.00 AM Plenary Lecture 1

Roberto De PhilippisHeavy metal bioremoval with EPS-producing Cyanobacteria

8180

PROGRAMME

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 11.45 AM Paper Session 1 : Biomass, Natural Resources and Biodiversity

1. Studies on mass cultivation of micro-algae and effective harvestingof biomass by low-cost methodsN. Mohan, S. Sivasankaran, P. Hanumantha Rao, M. Ranjith Kumarand V. Sivasubramanian (Abs. 6)

2. Potentiality of marine coastal ecosystem in Andhra PradeshK. Rama Rao (Abs. 7)

3. Cyanobacterial diversity present on the tree barks of Wardha districtof Maharashtra (India)K.N. Pathade and P.B. Nandkar (Abs. 8)

4. Epiphytic cyanobacterial diversity of the sub-Himalayan belt ofUttarakhand, IndiaMukesh Kumar and G. K. Sharma (Abs. 109)

5. Biodiversity assessment of seaweeds (marine macro-algae) of Orissacoast and their utilization.S.P. Adhikary (Abs. 10)

6. Phytoplankton diversity in Visapur Lake, Tal-Shrigonda, Dist.-AhmednagarA.B. Gore and R.R. Sanap (Abs. 11)

7. The Euglenophyceae of Thiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India –1. Phacus DujardinD. Melchi Leebana and M. Baluswami (Abs. 12)

8. Thorea hispida (Thore) Desvaux emend. Sheath, Vis et Cole from LittleAndaman, India (Abs. 13)K. Dhanalakshmi, B. Babu, A. Nicodemus, B. Nagarajan andM. Baluswami

1.00 PM Lunch

2.30 - 4.30 PM SESSION II

Chairperson : Dr. S.P. Adhikary

Rapporteur : Dr. G. Rani

2.30 PM Plenary Lecture 2

B. D. KaushikAlgal biomass and its utilization

02 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

PROGRAMME

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E3.15 PM Paper Session 2 : Algae as Biofertilizer

1. Effect of Ulva lactuca extract on seedling growth and biochemicalcomposition of some pulsesR. Arumugam, R. Ragupathi Raja Kannan, G. Thirumaran, A.Hemalatha and P. Anantharaman (Abs. 14)

2. Effect of foliar application of BGA extract on growth and yield oftomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv Phule Raja (RTHz)A.R. Abhang, B.K. Auti and S.D. Pingle (Abs. 15)

3. Influence of biostimulants on soil microflora of paddy fieldN. Vijayanand, S. Siva Sangari Ramya and S. Nagaraj (Abs. 16)

4. Pigmentation effect of Laurencia papillosa and Cymodocea serrulataextracts in Zea mays L. var. IkonR. Sobitha Bai and R. Asir Selin Kumar (Abs. 17)

5. Region specific cyanobacteria (BGA) biofertilizer for rice cultivation-acase study.Siba Prasad Adhikary and Jayanti Kumari Sahu (Abs. 18)

6. Vermicompost – Its relevance to soil health and nutrition enhancedthrough soil algae.J. Priscilla and S. A. Ismail (Abs. 19)

7. Combined effect of immobilized Cyanobacteria and urea on riceseedlingsV. Sashi and Y. Indrani (Abs. 56)

8. Efficacy of region specific Rhizobium (PGPR) and consortium withseaweed liquid fertilizers (SLF) on vegetative growth and yield ofleguminous cropsS. K. Sethi and S. P. Adhikary (Abs. 99)

4.30 PM Tea Break

5 - 6.15 PM SESSION III

Chairperson : Dr. N. Jeeji Bai

Rapporteur : Dr. S. Chandra

5.00 PM Paper Session 3 : Algae as sources of Pharmaceuticals andNutraceuticals

1. Effects of Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow extract on apoptosis andcytotoxicity in human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line.S. Nagaraj, R. Sundararaj, D. Lakshmi and R. Rengasamy (Abs. 20)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 03

8180

PROGRAMME

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 2. Antimirobial activity against five pathogenic strains and DNAcharacterization of freshwater algaeN. Vinod Kumar, M.S. Kavitha, E.G. Wesely and M. Sundararajan(Abs. 21)

3. Therapeutic application of Spirulina in the treatment of rheumatoidarthritis.Deepak Srivastava and Pushpa Srivastava (Abs. 22)

4. Nutraceutical values of seaweeds from the Gulf of Mannar coast.G. Karthikaidevi, P. Anantharaman, K. Kathiresan andT. Balasubramanian (Abs. 23)

5. Comparision and evaluation of antioxidative activity of Porphyratenera and Chlorella pyrenoidosa extractsE. Padmini, R. Navasakthi and B. Vijaya Geetha (Abs. 24)

6. Protective effects of Nori on environmental pollutant induced oxidativestress in fish hepatocytes: Identification of carotenoids by HPLC andits role.M. Usha Rani and E. Padmini (Abs. 25)

7. Studies on seasonal variation in biochemical and elemental compositionof Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty cultivated in Kerala CoastJincy P.Abraham, Maya Subramoni and Rony P. Jacob (Abs. 87)

8. Evaluation of marine alga, Gracilaria foliifera for its nutritive valueN. Sharma Nanda, Vajpai Aashu, Anushri A. Narale, S.S. Barve,S.L. Dhuri and B.B. Sharma (Abs. 103)

6.30 PM General Body Meeting of Krishnamurthy Institute of Algology

8.00 PM Dinner

TUESDAY, 28th JULY, 2009

9.00 - 11.00 AM SESSION IV

Chairperson : Dr. Tasneem Fatma

Rapporteur : Dr. Vijaya Kerkar

9.00 AM Plenary Lecture 3

Prof. S. ShanmugasundaramAlgal Nanotechnology

04 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

PROGRAMME

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E9.45 AM Paper Session 4 : Biofuel from algae

1. Biodiesel production from micro algae by using domestic sewage inshake flask culturesD. Sreekanth, D. Sivaramakrishna, V. Himabindu andB. Venkateswarulu (Abs. 26)

2. Biofuel production from marine macro algae Sargassum wightii andPadina gymnospora.K. Manivannan, G. Thirumaran, P. Anantharaman andT. Balasubramanian (Abs. 27)

3. Growth of microalgae (Chlorella sp.) in sewage water for oil productionR.Ponmani Mala, P.Papitha, J.Franklin and Samuel Paul Raj (Abs.28)

4. Tropic micro algal base energies from IndonesiaDwi Susilaningsih (Abs. 29)

5. Production of biodiesel from algae as renewable energyM.R. Anandhi Padmanabhan and Shaleesha A. Stanley (Abs. 30)

6. Studies on the microalga Chlorococcum humicola for the establishmentof its potential in biodiesel production.K. Gurukasi Rajan, K. Dhandayuthapani, K. Muthukumaran,V.V. Subramanian and V. Sivasubramanian (Abs. 95)

11.00 AM Coffee Break

11.30 - 1.00 PM SESSION V

11.30 AM Poster Session

1. Combined effect of immobilized cyanobacteria and urea on riceseedlingsV. Sashi and Y. Indrani (Abs. 56)

2. Utilization of algae as a protein rich feed for humans and animalsB. Kavitha and G. Rajannan (Abs. 57)

3. Micro algal biomass as potential feedstock for biofuelsS. Ponmani and C. Udayasoorian (Abs. 58)

4. Phycoremediation of oil drilling waste at Kakinada, AndhrapradeshV. Sivasubramanian, V. V. Subramanian, P. A. Raju andM. Muthukumaran (Abs. 59)

5. Studies on epiflora community with special reference to soil qualityof Tapi, SuratAsha Bajpai and Kapila Manoj (Abs. 60)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 05

8180

PROGRAMME

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 6. Ultrastructural Studies on Gelidium ElegansK. Sivakumar (Abs. 61)

7. Present status of Veeranam Lake due to climate change - an overviewK. Sivakumar (Abs. 62)

8. Studies on freshwater algal diversity during vermicompostingK. Srilekha, M.S. Akila, K. Santhoshi, C. Leelavathi, M. Rama Sundari,Sarada Kali, S. Chandra (Abs. 63)

9. The effect of seaweed and seagrass extracts on chlorophyllase activityand pigmentation in Pisum SativumR. Asir Selin Kumar (Abs. 64)

10. Effect of Laurencia papillosa extract on reducing and non-reducingsugar content in Zea mays L.R. Sobitha Bai and R. Asir Selin Kumar (Abs. 65)

11. Antimicrobial and immunostimulatory role of Spirulina subsalsa inaquacultureR. Gunaseeli and B.Jerlyn Sally (Abs. 66)

12. Phycoremediation of effluent from a leather processing chemicalindustryP. Hanumantha Rao, R. Ranjith Kumar, B. Govinda Raghavan,V.V.Subramanian and V. Sivasubramanian (Abs. 67)

13. In vitro propagation of Solanum nigrum Linn. using cyanobacterialfiltrate - A novel approach to tissue cultureG. Mayakkannan and N. Anand (Abs. 68)

14. Evaluation of plant growth promoting activity of bacillus sp. isolatedfrom seaweed manureL. K. Elumalai and R. Rengasamy (Abs. 69)

15. Diversity of desmids from Ahmednagar district of MaharashtraB. S. Deshmukh and S. D. Pingle (Abs. 70)

16. Bioenrichment of Artemia with carotenoids through DunaliellaM. Madhumathi and R. Rengasamy (Abs. 71)

17. Performance of Spirulina platensis in different low cost nutrient mediaunder the environmental conditions of AgraHarish Chandra and Samuel G. Singh (Abs. 72)

18. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using marine alga Sargassum swartziiD.Punitha, R.Dhamotharan, S.Murugesan, M.Sridevi and M.Elumalai(Abs. 73)

06 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

PROGRAMME

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E19. Gold (III) biosorption and bioreduction with the brown alga PadinatetrastromaticaS. Bhuvaneswari, J. Kamaleswari, S. Murugesan, P. Murugakoothanand R. Dhamotharan (Abs. 74)

20. Nutritional evaluation and culture of freshwater live food organismson Catla CatlaS. Murugesan, V. Sivasubramanian and K. Altaff (Abs. 75)

21. The use of marine algae for the formation of metal nanoparticles andtheir applicationS. Murugesan and R. Dhamotharan (Abs. 76)

22. Anti-oxidant and anti-microbial properties of few sea weeds from acoastal region of South IndiaS. Vidyashankar, Vinayak Valsan, S. Chandra and S. Krupanidhi(Abs. 77)

23. Investigation on primary phytochemical analysis of Kappaphycus alvareziiP. Rajasulochana, R. Dhamotharan, P. Krishnamoorthy andS. Murugesan (Abs. 78)

24. Studies on kinetics of phosphate uptake by blue-green algaeR. Murali, V. V. Subramanian and V. Sivasubramanian (Abs. 79)

25. Food chain of the migretory birds at Jayakwadi bird sanctuary ofMaharashtra, IndiaS.D. Andhale and P.B. Papdiwal (Abs. 80)

26. Effect of diethyl sulphate on growth and pigments of SpirulinaplatensisManoj Kumar and G.P. Singh (Abs. 81)

27. Growth and pigment profile of Spirulina platensis isolated fromRajasthanJyoti Kulshreshtha and G.P. Singh (Abs. 82)

28. Isolation of blue green algae from crop fields of Pravaranagar area ofAhmednagar District (Maharashtra)A.A. Aher and A.D. Aher (Abs. 83)

29. Effect of algal extract on mycelial growth of Curvularia lunataV.S. Patil and S.D. Pingle (Abs. 84)

30. Effect of microalgal feed on the larval growth of Penaeus indicusK. Geetha and P. Maria Charles (Abs. 85)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 07

8180

PROGRAMME

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 31. A study on the inhibitory activity of some marine algal extracts onmatrix metalloproteinaseK. Maya Subramoni, K. Satheesh Kumar, P. Jacob Rony and JincyP. Abraham (Abs. 86)

32. Studies on seasonal variation in biochemical and elemental compositionof Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty cultivated in Kerala coastJincy P.Abraham, Maya Subramoni and Rony P. Jacob (Abs. 87)

33. Tapping the unexploited algal resources for the synthesis of silvernano particlesS. Murugesan, R. Dhamotharan, P.Murugakoothan and T.S. Subha(Abs. 88)

34. Studies of algal flora of Jayakwadi Wetland (M.S.)S.D. Pingle and Kadu Vishnu Annasaheb (Abs. 89)

35. Phycological study of Junnar Taluka, District Pune (M.S.)S. D. Pingle, R. N. Tagad and R. H. Bhoge (Abs. 90)

36. Utilization of microalgae (Chlorella sp.) for waste water treatmentM. Umadevi, P. Papitha, J. Franklin and Samuel Paul Raj (Abs. 91)

37. Characterization of peroxidase from two green marine macro algaeof Saurashtra CoastRohan V. Pandya and Vrinda S. Thakar (Abs. 92)

38. Marine algae (seaweed) antioxidants- novel natural ingredients forhuman healthR.Mary Josphine (Abs. 93)

39. Unearthed power and food values of algaeR.Mary Josphine (Abs. 94)

40. Studies on the micro alga Chlorococcum humicola for theestablishment of its potential in biodiesel productionK. Gurukasi Rajan, K. Dhandayuthapani, M, Muthukumaran,V.V.Subramanian and V. Sivasubramanian (Abs. 95)

1.00 PM Lunch

2.30 - 4.00 PM SESSION VI

Chairperson : Prof. M. Umamaheswara Rao

Rapporteur : Dr. K. Sivakumar

2.30 PM Plenary Lecture 4

M.A. BorowitzkaPhotobioreactor for mass culture of algae

08 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

PROGRAMME

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E3.15 - 4.30 PM Paper Session 5 : Pollution mitigation by algae

1. Studeis on detoxification of furadan (3%G) by two species ofdiazotrophic CyanobacteriaD. Sahu and B. Rath (Abs. 31)

2. Cyanobacterial systems for bioscavenging of heavy metals in aqueoussolutionE. Parameswari, A. Lakshmanan and T. Thilagavathi (Abs. 32)

3. Studies on epifloral community with reference to heavy metalpollution in soil of Tapi, Surat (Gujarat)Divya Shingala and Kapila Manoj (Abs. 33)

4. Studies on phytoplankton community with reference to heavy metalpollution in Tapi, Surat (Gujarat)Maheshwari Solanki and Kapila Manoj (Abs. 34)

5. Prospect of biomonitoring of pollution in aquatic system by algal(Chlorophyceae) communityMazher Sultana, P. Mohanraj and K. Dandayuthapani (Abs. 35)

6. Role of osmolytes in pesticide (malathion) induced oxidative stress inAnabaena variabilis.Tasneem Fatma and Ningthoujam Manikar (Abs. 36)

7. Studies on kinetics of phosphate uptake by blue-green algaeR. Murali, V. V. Subramanian and V. Sivasubramanian (Abs. 79)

4.30 PM Tea Break

5.00 PM Variety entertainment

WEDNESDAY, 29th JULY, 2009

Mid Conference excursions commencing 7.00 AM

THURSDAY, 30th JULY, 2009

9.00 - 11.00AM SESSION VII

Chairperson : Dr. Pushpa Srivastava

Rapporteur : Dr. P. Anantharaman

9.00 AM Plenary Lecture 5K. Lewmanomont

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 09

8180

PROGRAMME

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 9.45 hrs Paper Session 6 : Phycoremediation

1. Potential for algal biomass as a sustainable resource for energy andenvironmental remediationJohn Tharakan (Abs. 37)

2. Photobioreactor for algal growth through CO2 mitigation

K.K. Vasumathi, K. Sudhakar and M. Premalatha (Abs. 38)

3. Biological treatment of tannery liquor using blue green algae.V. Shashirekha, M.R. Sridhar and Mahadeswara Swamy (Abs. 39)

4. Effect of pretreatment of blue green algal biomass on the bio-adsorption of heavy metalsE. Parameswari, A. Lakshmanan and T. Thilagavathi (Abs. 40)

5. Accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr and Pb) by tropicalfreshwater micro algae (Chlorella sp.).M.RajeshKumar, J.Frankilin, P.Papitha and Samuel Paul Raj (Abs. 41)

6. Phycoremediation of acidic effluent from a confectionary industry nearChennai, IndiaR.Ranjith Kumar, V.V.Subramanian and V. Sivasubramanian (Abs. 42)

7. Screening algal species for Co2 sequestration, total lipids and fattyacid productionSuvarna S. Adak and Manjushri A. Deodhar (Abs. 113)

11.00 AM Coffee Break

11.30-1-00 PM SESSION VIII

11.30 AM Paper Session 7 : Ecology

Chairperson : Dr. John Tharakan

Rapporteur : Dr. N. Rajasulochana

1. Study of epifloral communities with reference to sediment quality ofPurna Navsari, GujaratSuchita Dange and Kapila Manoj (Abs. 43)

2. Algae: A tool for monitoring the water quality.R.R. Sanap, S.D. Pingle and A.G. Gore (Abs. 44)

3. Micro-algae as indicator of human induced ecological changers inestuaries of Goa, IndiaSuraksha Pednekar, Vijaya Kerkar and S.G.Prabhu Matondkar (Abs. 45)

10 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

PROGRAMME

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E4. Experimental studies on adhesion of microalgae on different test panelsS. Bragadeeswaran, S. Sophia Rani, K. Ganesan, K. Prabhu andS. Thangaraj (Abs. 46)

5. Influence of environmental factors on variations in distribution ofphotosynthetic pigments of macro algaeY. Sarojini and K. Lakshminarayana (Abs. 47)

6. Algal flora and physicochemical environment of Nanmangalam Lake,Chennai, Tamil NaduK.Balamurugan, V.Priya, Mazher Sultana and K.Dandayuthapani (Abs. 48)

7. Phytoplankton of River Tista, West Bengal, IndiaBanani Manna, Ranjan K. Manna and B. C. Jha (Abs. 96)

1.00 PM Lunch

2.30-4.00 PM SESSION IX

2.30 PM Paper Session 8 : Algal Physiology and Biochemistry

Chairperson : Dr. L.V. Venkataraman

Rapporteur : Dr. V. Kanthimathi

1. A study on the yield and quality of cell wall polysaccharide of Champiaparvula (Agardh) Harvey from South IndiaN. Rajasulochana, M. Baluswami, M.D. Vijaya Parthasarathy andV. Krishnamurthy (Abs. 49)

2. Purification and characterization of phycoerythrin in MichrochaeteNCCU-342Hemlata and Tasneem Fatma (Abs. 50)

3. Effect of different culture media and light intensities on growth andpigment content of two marine cyanobacteria of Orissa CoastI. Priyadarshani and B. Rath (Abs. 51)

4. Isolation and growth study of a few selected microalgae of Assamand quantification of their total lipid contentsJayanta Talukdar, M.C. Kalilta, B.C. Goswami and F. Yasmin (Abs. 52)

5. Two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of algal extractsV. Ramesh Kumar, G. Narendra Kumar and G. Melchias (Abs. 53)

6. Fatty acid analysis in select sea weeds from a coastal region of SouthIndiaS. Vidayashankar, S. Krupanidhi, S. Chandra (Abs. 54)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11

8180

PROGRAMME

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 7. Interactive effect of metals on the physiology and biochemistry oftolerant blue green algaT.V. Poonguzhali and I. Kalaivani (Abs. 55)

4.00 PM Tea Break

4.30 PM Closing Ceremony

Chairman : Dr. V.V. Subramanian

Summing up of the proceedings : Dr. V. Sivasubramanian

Prize Distribution

Distribution of Certificates of participation

Views and suggestions by participants

Valedictory address : Prof. G. Subramanian

Vote of Thanks : Dr. Priscilla Jebakumari Asir

National anthem

12 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Plenary Lectures

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

EPLENARY LECTURES

1. HEAVY METAL BIOREMOVAL WITH EPS-PRODUCING CYANOBACTERIA

Roberto De PhilippisDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Florence

Piazzale delle Cascine 24, 1 50144 Firenze (Italy)Fax: +39 0553288272; e-mail: roberto.dephilippis@unifi.it

The utilization of exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing cyanobacteria for theremoval of positively charged heavy metals from polluted waters seems to bequite promising, owing to the anionic nature showed by most of thecyanobacterial polysaccharides. Recently, several EPS-producing cyanobacteriawere tested for their ability to remove Cr, Cu and Ni in single- and multi-metalsolutions. In the single-metal systems some of the strains showed very highvalues of metal uptake (up to 150-200 mg of metal removed per gram of biomassdry weight). In multi-metal systems two of the nine cyanobacteria tested showeda selective interaction with the metals. In multi-metal systems two of the ninecyanobacteria tested showed three different behaviours (non-interactive,synergistic or antagonistic action among the metals), depending on thecharacteristics of the cyanobacterial polysaccharides. More recently, one of thesestrains showed a very interesting behaviour in the removal of Cr (VI) from thewaste waters of a plating industry. The results obtained in lab experimentspointed out a complex role of the cyanobacterial biomass in the removal of Cr(VI): the cells, characterized by the absence of external polysaccharidic structures,carried out the reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III), while the polysaccharidic fraction,previously released by the cells and solubilized in the culture medium was capableto remove the Cr (III) cations formed in the reduction process. This behavior wasconfirmed in field experiments in which 50 I aliquots of the Cr (VI)-containingwaste waters were treated utilizing three different experimental devices. Anotherpromising application recently tested is related with the removal of valuablemetals (Au, Ru, Pd) from industrial wash waters. The results obtained showed apromising application of EPS-producing cyanobacteria in the removal of heavymetals from industrial waste waters.

2. ALGAL BIOMASS AND ITS UTILIZATION

B.D.KaushikProfessor of Eminence

Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subash Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110 078

Algae include both eukaryotic and prokaryotic types of microorganisms.They are widely distributed, colonizing all kinds of habitats. Macroalgae –

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E seaweeds are well known for its food value and products of economic importance.Lately equal or even greater emphasis is given to freshwater microalgae, whichincludes greens and blue greens. The commonly exploited algae are species ofChlorella, Scenedesmus, Dunaliella, Hematococcus and large number of blue greenalgae as sources of food, feed and biofertilizer.

Blue green algae, also called cyanobacteria due to the presence ofphycocyanin pigments and prokaryotic cell organization are ubiquitous indistribution. These are one of the earliest forms of life on Earth and known to bethe primary colonizers in most inhospitable habitats. As early as 1936, De (1936)suggested that the fertility of Indian rice field is maintained due to the presence ofcyanobacteria; since then large number of forms has been reported from diversehabitats. The paddy field ecosystem provides an environment favourable for thegrowth of cyanobacteria with respect to their requirement for light, water,temperature, humidity and nutrient availability. This may account for the higherabundance of cyanobacteria in paddy soils than in cultivated soils as reportedunder widely different climatic conditions of India. In India on an average BGAaccounts about 33% whereas reports show that up to 50% of the total algae wasBGA in some of the southern and eastern states.

The work done at Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi can besummarized as: a) in areas where chemical nitrogen fertilizers are not used forvarious reasons, algal application as biological input can give to the rice farmersthe benefit of applying 20-30 kg N/ha, b) where fertilizers are used, the dose canbe reduced by 30 kg N/ha by algal supplementation, and c) even with high levelsof nitrogen fertilizers, the yield per unit input can be increased by 10-15% throughalgal complementation.

A large array of natural products of economic potential may be producedfrom cyanobacteria. These also represent an attractive source of natural pigmentssuch as phycobiliproteins, amounting to about 20% of total dry weight vis-à-visphycocyanin and phycoerythrin and allo-phycocyanin, and carotenoids.Phycoerythrin in particular have applications as natural dyes as well asfluorescence microscopy. Some strains of Anabaena and Nostoc are however,particularly rich in phycoerythrin. We have developed the protocol for biomassproduction, extraction and purification of phycobilins from Nostoc muscorum.These may be used as pigments or colourants in the food industry as well as forcosmetics. The blue pigment from Spirulina is being used for eye shadow, eyelinerand lipsticks. A preparation of Spirulina chlorophyll in a mixture containing ironoxide and a higher alcohol was patented as a strong deodorant. Carotenoids havethe widest commercial application e.g. food colouring, feed additives to enhanceflesh colour of salmonoid fish, as well as the colour of the egg yolk. Also theseimprove the health and fertility of cattle.

14 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

EBlue green algal biomass has been considered since long as an alternativesource of protein that could supplement conventional food and food production.There is historical evidence that blue green algae were harvested, dried and eatenby the Aztects of Tenochtitian (Mexico city) at the time of the Spanish conquest(Farrar, 1966). Spirulina, a filamentous cyanobacterium is one of the extensivelyexploited micro algae. Its high nutritional value in terms of high protein contenti.e. about 60-70% of dry weight, high vitamin content, presence of unsaturatedfatty acids like γ-linoleic acid which do not form cholesterol, low nucleic acidcontent, easy digestibility due to absence of cellulosic cell wall, confer upon it thestatus of ideal single cell protein. In addition Spirulina is a source of compoundsof therapeutic value to treat wounds, β-carotene known for its anticancerproperty. Hence, Spirulina is commercially cultivated as a source of human food,animal feed, and natural products and for waste water treatment.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E

16 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstracts

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

EABSTRACTS OF PRESENTED PAPER

6. STUDIES ON MASS CULTIVATION OF MICRO-ALGAE AND EFFECTIVEHARVESTING OF BIOMASS BY LOW-COST METHODS

Mohan, N., S. Sivasankaran, P. Hanumantha Rao,M. Ranjith Kumar and V.Sivasubramanian

Vivekananda Institute of Algal Technology (VIAT)R.K.M. Vivekananda College, Chennai-4, Tamil Nadu, India

In recent years, micro-algae apart from being used as single-cell proteins,they are projected as living-cell factories for the production of bio-fuels andvarious beneficial bio-chemicals used in food, aquaculture, poultry andpharmaceutical industries. The purpose of this study was to cultivate a green algaChlorella pyrenoidosa and two blue-green algae Chroococcus turgidus andOscillatoria sp. isolated from industrial effluents. These three microalgae weresuccessfully cultivated separately using a suitable growth medium in a large-scaleHigh Rate Algal (HRA) pond. The biomolecules such as total protein, totalcarbohydrate and total lipid, and the pigments including chlorophyll, β-carotene,phycocyanin, phycoerythrin and allophycocyanin were analyzed at regular intervalsduring cultivation. In addition, the total bacterial cell numbers were enumeratedfrom the HRA pond and their influence on the algal growth was studied. The algalbiomass was harvested by low-cost methods such as mesh-filtering, settling usingflocculants and auto-floculation.

7. POTENTIALITY OF MARINE COASTAL ECOSYSTEM IN ANDHRA PRADESH

K. Rama Rao1

D.No. 19-16-3, S.P. Street, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh-534 2011Ex Scientist-in-charge, CSMCRI Marine Algal Research Station, Mandapam-623 518

Andhra Pradesh has a coastline of about 700 Km extending fromSrikakulam District in North Andhra to Nellore District in South Andhra. Way backduring 1980-82, I have conducted a detailed deep sea survey in the entire coastof Andhra Pradesh extending upto a depth of 20 mts., in collaboration with theDepartment of Fisheries, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Earlier to this, I hadalso conducted a drift seaweed survey extending from Bhimilipatnam toPudimadaka (Near Anakapalli) in Visakhapatnam coast. Both these surveys wereconducted during the same season to corroborate the data, from October to nextOctober. The main object of the survey was to ascertain the potentiality of theseaweed resources with a view to augment the information on resources ofalginophytes and agrophytes and carrageenophytes and other seaweeds ofeconomic importance.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 8. CYANOBACTERIAL DIVERSITY PRESENT ON THE TREE BARK OF WARDHADISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA (INDIA)

K. N. Pathade1 and P.B. NandkarP.G. Department of Botany, RTM

Nagpur University, Nagpur.1k_pathade@rediffmail.com

Tree bark has always been treated as a neglected habitat for microbialdiversity. Tree bark habitat has very rich cyanobacterial diversity. This paper dealswith the seasonal variation in the percentage presence of Cyanobacteria in thetree bark samples. About 150 samples were collected in all the three seasons i.e.winter, summer and monsoon season from the four tehsils i.e. Karanja(gh), Ashti,Wardha and Arvi of Wardha District.

Highest cyanobacterial percentage presence (90%) was witnessed in thesamples collected in monsoon season, 62% in winter season and lowestpercentage was recorded in summer season i.e. 30% from all the abovementioned sites. Microscopic studies revealed the presence of followingcyanobacterial genera on the surface of bark samples i.e. Lyngbya, Nostoc,Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Anabaena, Aphanocapsa, Gloeocapsa, Microcrocis,Anacystis. Samples collected from Karanja tehsil were dominated by Lyngbya andNostoc with 96% occurrence whereas Anabaena and Gloeocapsa showed leastoccurrence with 13% presence. Tree bark samples collected from Wardha tehsilwere rich in Anabaena,. Aphanocapsa and Microcystis which showed 94% presenceand Microcrocis was completely absent. Samples collected from Arvi tehsil wererich in Microcrocis and Gloeocapsa with 84% occurrence and Oscillatoria showedleast occurrence with 8% presence. Samples collected from Ashti tehsil were richin Nostoc and Anacystis with 75% occurrence whereas Microcrocis andAphanocapsa showed least occurrence with 5% presence.

9. DESMID DIVERSITY FROM NORTHERN GOA, INDIA

Vijaya Kerkar1 and Arcangela LoboDepartment of Botany, Goa University

1vijaya@unigoa.ac.in

The present paper deals with the diversity of desmids from freshwaterhabitats of Goa. Desmids (Chlorophyta-Zygnemales) are the unicellular organismswhich form important floristic component in the assessment of water quality.Random collection from diverse freshwater habitats has resulted in the discoveryof 10 genera with 38 species. The present paper deals with the morpho-taxonomic account of desmids of North Goa, India.

18 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E10. BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT OF SEAWEEDS (MARINE MACRO-ALGAE) OFORISSA COAST AND THEIR UTILIZATION

S. P. AdhikaryP.G. Department of Botany & P.G. Department of Biotechnology

Utkal UniversityBhubaneswar-751 004

e-mail: adhikary2k@hotmail.com

The seaweeds of the entire 460 Km long Orissa coast was surveyed by usfor the first time during 2000-2004. Twenty one species of marine macro-algaewere reported from the coast from Subarnarekha estuary at Talasari borderingWest Bengal in the north to Bahuda estuary in the south close to Andhra Pradesh.These belong to 9 species of Chlorophya, 2 Phaeophyta and 10 Rhodophyta. Thelow species richness compared with southern and western coasts of India was dueto lack of rocky and/or coral substratum. Out of the twenty one species ofseaweeds Enteromorpha usneoides and Gelidium divaricatum were reported forthe first time from India and Enteromorpha linza, E. clathrata, Colpomenia sinuosa,Catenella impudica, Compsopogon aeruginosa and Grateloupia lithophyla were thenew records for Orissa coast.

Of the various locations of the Orissa coast, Chilika lagoon, the largestbrackish water lagoon of Asia located in this coast harbor maximum biomass ofseaweeds and showed higher diversity of the forms. Biomass of macro-algal formswith their seasonal and sectoral distribution in the salinity gradient of Chilikalagoon was evaluated. Three macro-algae, Gracilaria verrucosa, Enteromorphaintestinalis and Chaetomorpha linum occurred abundantly in the lagoon throughoutthe year. These organisms preferred moderate salinity of Southern and Centralsectors and their biomass changed in response to the salinity levels duringdifferent seasons.

Gracilaria verrucosa occur in harvestable quantity at three locations ofOrissa coast, viz. Chilika lagoon, Kaluni channel and Bahuda estuary. Thesecomprise of principally two varieties, e.g. yellow-long, red-bushy forms; the formeroccur at a salinity range of 8 to 12 ppt and where there is strong wave actiontogether with sand-silt-rock substratum. Following standard protocols the agaryield and gel strength of agar of these two varieties was 35% and 180 g/cm2; 26%and 165 g/cm2 respectively. Pretreatment of the seaweed with 10% NaOH thesulphate content of agar was reduced together with increase in 3,6-anhydrogalactose content and yielded good quality of agar agar with a gel strength of 265to 275 g/cm2 showing the prospect of its industrial production.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 11. PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY IN VISAPUR LAKE, TAL-SHRIGONDA,DISTRICT - AHMEDNAGAR (M.S.).

A.B. Gore1 and R.R. Sanap2

1 Department of Botany,Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji Mahavidyalaya Shrigonda-413 701

e-mail: goreanand@rediffmail.com anandagore@yahoo.co.in2 Department of Botany, S.S.G.M. College Kopargaon-423 601, Ahmednagar Dt.

The phytoplankton in Visapur Lake showed marked difference in thecomposition and distribution of various algal groups. One hundred and twentytwo species of phytoplankton were enumerated from four stations selected in Lakesite. Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae formed the bulk of algal population.The algal components consist of the members of Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae,Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Chrysophyceae and Dinophyceae.

12. THE EUGLENOPHYCEAE OF THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU,INDIA – 1. PHACUS DUJARDIN

D. Melchi Leebana and M. BaluswamiDepartment of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology

Madras Christian College (Autonomous), Chennai - 600 059e-mail: balumcc@gmail.com

Euglenophyceae are a group of unicellular flagellates commonly found infreshwater, rich in organic matter. Members of this group are gaining importancein recent years due to their role in pollution reduction, in assessing the level ofpollution as some of the taxa of this group act as indicator of high acidity, as asource of biodiesel, nutritional and food supplements and as a source of valuablesubstances of cosmetic and pharmaceutical importance. A total number of 99taxa distributed under Euglena, Lepocinclis, Phacus, Trachelomonas andStrombomonas are reported to occur in Tamil Nadu (Philipose, 1982, 1984, 1988,Mahendra Perumal and Anand, 2008). Of these the genus Phacus was representedby 33 taxa. These were collected from only selected places of Tamil Nadu.Compared to members of other groups of algae, these members have not beentaken for detailed studies in Tamil Nadu. To fill this lacuna an investigation hasbeen carried out to enumerate the members of this group occurring in TamilNadu. As a first step algal samples were collected from different places ofThiruvannamalai district, Tamil Nadu. Examination of samples revealed thepresence of members of the Euglenophyceae. Of these the taxa of Phacus arepresented here. This genus is represented by 20 taxa in Thiruvannamalai districtof Tamil Nadu. Of these10 taxa are found to be new to Tamil Nadu including 3new to India.20 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E13. THOREA HISPIDA (THORE) DESVAUX EMEND. SHEATH, VIS ET COLE FROMLITTLE ANDAMAN, INDIA

K.Dhanalakshmi, B. Babu1, A. Nicodemus 2,B.Nagarajan2 and M. Baluswami

Department of Plant Biology and Plant BiotechnologyMadras Christian College (Autonomous) Chennai-600 059

e-mail: balumcc@gmail.com1 Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan

2 Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore

A sample of a freshwater red alga was collected from Little Andaman.Critical microscopic examination revealed it to be a freshwater red alga belongingto the Genus Thorea. Nature of branching of thallus, multi axial construction, non-clavate assimilatory filaments, presence of axial monosporangia in clusters up to 9on short assimilatory filaments confirm that the present alga belongs to Thoreahispida. Though this alga has been reported previously occurring in different partsof India from 1960-1979 (as Thorea ramosissima), it has been reported for the firsttime from Andaman Nicobar Islands.

14. EFFECT OF ULVA LACTUCA EXTRACT ON SEEDLING GROWTH ANDBIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOME PULSES

R. Arumugam, R. Ragupathi Raja Kannan, G. Thirumaran, A. Hemalatha andP. Anantharaman

CAS in Marine BiologyAnnamalai University, Parangipettai - 608 502

Tamil Nadu

In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the effectof seaweed liquid fertilizer prepared from Ulva lactuca on seed germination,growth and biochemical characteristics of two test plants Vigna mungo and Vignaradiata. Two different treatments were given to the seeds viz. water soaked andaqueous extract soaked. The 10% concentration of SLF of Ulva lactuca showedvery good response towards seed germination, growth of seedling and biochemicalcomposition of both the test plants. The maximum seed germination (96.66 ±2.51, 97.66 ± 2.08 %), shoot length (22.18 ± 2.88, 16.14 ± 2.23 cm), root length(6.06 ± 0.78, 6.08 ± 0.85 cm), fresh weight (0.267 ± 0.035, 0.164 ± 0.018 g), dryweight (0.065 ± 0.007, 0.046 ± 0.006 g), total chlorophyll (1.097 ± 0.082, 0.864 ±0.078 mg g-1 fr. Wt.), protein (6.19 ± 0.47, 5.62 ± 0.63 %), carbohydrate (7.92 ±0.72, 7.05 ± 0.51 %) and lipid (5.85 ± 0.48, 5.72 ± 0.77%). Among the two cropplants tested, V. mungo showed better results when compared to V. radiata.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 15. EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF BGA EXTRACT ON GROWTH AND YIELDOF TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL.) CV PHULE RAJA (RTHz)

A. R. Abhang1, B. K. Auti2 and S. D. Pingle3

1A. S. C. ColIege, Rahuri, Dist. Ahmednagar.2R. K. Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Ahmednagar, 414 001.3KJ. S. ColIege, Kopargaon, Dist. Ahmednagar (M S).

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of BGA extract onthe growth and yield of tomato cultivar Phule Raja (RTHz). In all 8 treatments (T1-Nostoc calcicola extract, T2- Lyngbya majuscala extract, T3- Scytonema milleiextract, T4- Oscillatoria subbrevis extract, T5- Bioforce, T6- Amruta (19:19:19), T7-Recommended dose (NPK) and R8- Control: water spray) were applied throughfoliage at preflowering, flowering and post flowering stages. The results ofexperiment revealed that application of Nostoc calcicola extract and Scytonemamillei extract recorded highest plant height, number of branches, number ofleaves, leaf area, plant spread, number of flowers, 50 % flowering, number offruits, and fruit yield (693.99 q/ha) as compared to the commercial parameters.The unsprayed control recorded the lowest plant growth and fruit yield (289.26 q/ha). The use of BGA extracts proved to be an efficient alternative to theconventional chemical fertilizers.

16. INFLUENCE OF BIOSTIMULANTS ON SOIL MICROFLORA OF PADDY FIELD

N. Vijayanand, S. Siva Sangari Ramya1 and S. Nagaraj2

Lecturer, Department of BotanyArumugam pillai Seethai Ammal College, Tiruppattur

1V. V. Vanniaperumal College For Women, Virudhunagar2Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany University of Madras

Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025.Email: nagalilly@gmail.com

Biostimulants have been identified as alternative to chemical fertilizers thatincreased soil microbial population and soil enzyme activities in sustainablefarming. A pot study was conducted in our experimental site. Soil samples werecollected form nearby paddy field and taken in the pots. About 50 ml of differenttreatments such as Vermiwash, commercial Seaweed extract (Biovita), crude brownseaweed extract (Turbinaria deccurrens) and crude green seaweed extract(Caulerpa scalpelliformis) were applied exogenously. Four replicates weremaintained for each treatment. After 10 treatments, Soil samples were serialdiluted and inoculated in suitable algal medium. Soil microflora was found to beenhanced when mixed algal extract (both brown and green algae) was given.

22 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E17. PIGMENTATION EFFECT OF LAURENCIA PAPILLOSA AND CYMODOCEASERRULATA EXTRACTS IN ZEA MAYS L. VAR. IKON

R. Sobitha Bai and R. Asir Selin KumarPostgraduate and Research Department of Botany

Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil 629003

The effect of aqueous extracts of the seaweed Laurencia papillosa and theseagrass Cymodocea serrulata at various concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%)on photosynthetic pigments viz. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content in Zeamays was studied separately and compared. The treatment of seagrass liquidfertilizer had shown a more significant promotional effect on Zea mays thanseaweed liquid fertilizer in all the concentrations. Still, the plants treated with 10%extract had more amounts of chlorophyll a and b than those treated with otherconcentrations.

18. REGION SPECIFIC CYANOBACTERIA (BGA) BIOFERTILIZER FOR RICECULTIVATION - A CASE STUDY

Siba Prasad Adhikarv1 and Jayanti Kumari Sahu2

1 P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Utkal UniversityBhubaneswar 751004, Orissa

2 Dept. Botany, R.D. Women’s Autonomous CollegeBhubaneswar 751022, Orissa

BGA (Cyanobacteria) biofertilizer demonstration and use was started inOrissa state during 1982. But since no quality control measure for BGA biofertilizeris taken, it is not performing in the field as claimed, hence is not popular amongthe farming community of the state. With a view to provide authentic regionspecific strains in the BGA biofertlizer inoculum, distributional pattern of BGA inthe rice field soils of 45 locations covering all the ten agroclimatic zones of Orissastate was explored. In all, 120 species of heterocystous blue green algae belongingto Anabaena, Nostoc, Cylindrospermum, Calothrix, Rivularia, Aulosira, Tolypothrix,Scytonema, Hapalosiphon, and Westiellopsis and 23 non--heterocystous forms ofthe genera Oscillatoria, Lyngbya and Aphonothece were isolated and maintained ina germ plasm collection at Utkal University. Though maximum numbers of Nostocsp. were recorded from rice field soils of the state, these were confined toirrigated and lowland areas. Species of Calothrix, Aulosira and Westiellopsis showedwider distribution in different agroclimatic zones.

Five species of BGA were selected for mass multiplication for using asbiofertilizer on the basis of their occurrence in different agroclimatic zones, highergrowth rate and nitrogenase activity, capability to grow at a wide range of pH and

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E temperature, and relatively higher tolerance to pesticides and nitrogenousfertilizers. These were cultivated in polyhouses in the outdoor for producinginocula for field application. Competition of inoculated BGA strains with indigenousflora during the crop cycle and the regulatory role of fertilizers for theirestablishment in the soil based dried culture, fresh wet culture and ureasupplemented plots was investigated. Most of the inoculated species competedproductivity of rice crop. Under the lab to land programme for transfer of thetechnology to farmer’s fields, out reach activities has been carried out in thevillage Maniakati under block Surada in the Ganjam district of Orissa state wheremass multiplication of BGA biofertlizer using region specific strains is being carriedout. Training programmes are organised to apprise farmers, members of youthclubs, NGO’s and agriculture officials regarding production, quality testing andeconomics of the technology for entrepreneur development.

19. VERMICOMPOST - ITS RELEVANCE TO SOIL HEALTH AND NUTRITIONENHANCED THROUGH SOIL ALGAE

Priscilla J.1, Ismail S.A2

1Stella Maris College, Chennai 2 The New College, Chennai

Algae are oxygenic phototrophs, which morphologically range from simplecells, colonial forms to multibranched blade like or siphonaecious forms. Theyconstitute an important component of the ecosystem and account for 40% of thetotal C fixed annually. Algae have been reported to grow in organically rich soil andin organic substances like cattle dung and saw dust, as well as in soil ammendedwith farmyard manure. The benefits of adding BGA as a renewable biofertiliserinclude addition of organic matter into the soil mobilising bound phosphate,improving aeration and water holding capacity of soils and increasing soilaggregation. An attempt has been made to conduct a comparitive andcomprehensive study on the culturable algae, their contribution to the nutrientpool, with respect to the physical conditions met with at the time of composting,with and without earthworm inoculation. The study included understanding thecolonization and succession of algae during composting by raising liquid cultures.The algal flora isolated included genera like Schizothrix, Oscillatoria, Anabaena,Anabaenopsis, Westiellopsis, Stigonema and Nostoc just to mention a few. Thealgal population supported by vermicompost was observed to be high comparedto other biodung compost samples. The presence of BGA and green algae incompost elaborately analyzed in the present work is an added virtue, as the algaeare popularly known to increase nitrogen fertility in soil.

Further studies included estimating mineralisation of organic component ofthe waste, in terms of assessing the levels of total nitrogen, available phosphorusand potassium.24 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E20. EFFECTS OF HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS FLOTOW EXTRACT ON APOPTOSISAND CYTOTOXICITY IN HUMAN HEPATOMA (HEPG2) CELL LINE

S. Nagaraj, R. Sundararaj, D. Lakshmi and R. RengasamyCentre for Advanced Studies in Botany

University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600 025.e-mail: profrrengasamy@yahoo.com

To investigate the effect of Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow containingastaxanthin, a carotenoid. It is a powerful antioxidant and anticancer substanceand it is 10 times more capable than other carotenoids on human hepatoma cellline (HepG2) and its possible role in induction of apoptosis. Human hepatoma cellswere treated with different concentrations of astaxanthin extract of H. pluvialis andits cytotoxicity effect was measured by trypan blue exclusion method and lactatedehydrogenase leakage assay. Apoptosis was analyzed by light and fluorescencemicroscopic methods and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione (GSH) content was alsomeasured in HepG2 cells after H. pluvialis treatment. Astaxanthin inhibited theproliferation of HepG2 cells in a concentration dependent manner. Apoptoticmorphology was observed in HepG2 cells treated with H. pluvialis at theconcentrations of 60 and 80 mg/L. DNA fragmentation. The depletion of GSH wasobserved in HepG2 cells treated with astaxanthin. Astaxanthin induced cytotoxicityin HepG2 cells in vitro. Apoptosis of HepG2 cells may be due to the DNA damageand expression of apoptotic proteins. Depletion of GSH may be involved in theinduction of apoptosis of HepG2 cells.

21. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST FIVE PATHOGENIC STRAINS AND DNACHARACTERIZATION OF FRESHWATER ALGAE

N.Vinod Kumar, M.S.Kavitha, E.G.Wesely 1 and M.SundararajanCenter for biotechnology, Muthyammal College of Arts and Science

Rasipuram-637 408, Namakkal dist., Tamil Nadu, India1 e-mail: egwesely@yahoo.com

Algae are autotrophic organisms which contribute 40 to 50% of the oxygento the atmosphere. They are cultivated and explored for meeting many humanneeds. The algae serve as an important source for various commercially importantproducts like β-carotene, Xanthophylls, agar, alginates, single cell proteins etc.Many reports are there that algae possess many intracellular as well asextracellular compounds exhibiting antimicrobial activity. Hence the present studywas aimed to culture two fresh water algae and extract intracellular metabolites.The antimicrobial activity of these algae was also tested against five pathogenic strainsBacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia andStaphylococcus aureus. DNA characterization of the two algal strains was also done.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 22. THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION OF SPIRULINA IN THE TREATMENT OFRHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Deepak Shrivastava and Pushpa SrivastavaAlgal Biotechnological Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan

Jaipur -302004 (India)

Arthritis is a common and wide spread disease prevailing all over theworld. Of the varied types of arthritis, two of them are most common i.e.osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Mostly, weight bearing joints are affectedby osteoarthritis, while rheumatoid is indicated in painful joints, swellings andstiffness on either side of the body. An elaborate clinical trial with nutraceuticalSpirulina has been conducted on 75-rheumatoid arthritic patients falling in the agegroup of 20-80 years in consultation of Orthopaedic specialist of Jaipur Hospital.The patients were divided into three age groups 20-40, 41-60, 61-80 yearsincluding male and female patients both. They were administered 5 g/d ofSpirulina in the form of capsules, over a period of 60 days. Blood samples werecollected initially and thereafter on 30th and 60th day. Blood analysis includedhaemoglobin contents, RBC, WBC, ESR, RF-Ievel. Extraarticular complications,rheumatoid nodule formations, clinical examinations of affected joints, swollen,tender, motionless and malaligned joints, including duration of early morningstiffness and fatigue were also registered. The data denoted significant suppressionof primary symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. The suppressing impact of Spirulinadue to its antioxidant constituents i.e. Beta cartotene, vit. C and E andmicronutrients are discussed.

23. NUTRACEUTICAL VALUES OF SEAWEEDS FROM THE GULF OF MANNAR COASTG. Karthikaidevi, P. Anantharaman, K. Kathiresan and T. Balasubramanian

CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University,Parangipettai-608502, Tamilnadu.

Seaweeds are one of the important constituents of the primary producersand they contribute considerably carbon budget of the coastal ecosystem. Most ofthe East Asian countries are traditionally using seaweeds as one of their regulardiets. In the present study an attempt was made to assess the biochemicalcomposition of seaweeds viz , Padina gymnospora, Sargassum wightii, Sargassumtenerrimum, Turbinaria ornata, Colpomenia sinuosa, Acanthophora spicifera,Gracilaria foliifera, Hypnea valentiae, Ulva lactuca, Enteromorpa intestinalis,Enteromorpa clathrata and Codium tomentosum, which were collected from Gulfof Mannar coast. Protein ranged between (14.78 - 3.94 %), carbohydrate (23.84 -20.47 %) and lipid (4.6-1.4 %). These biochemicals varied among the testedseaweeds. The calorific value varied between 1.31 kcal/g and 2.08 kcal/g.

26 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E24. COMPARISON AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITY OFPORPHYRA TENERA AND CHLORELLA PYRENOIDOSA EXTRACTS

E. Padmini1, R. Navasakthi2, B. Vijaya Geetha2

1Associate Professor, 2Research ScholarDepartment of Biochemistry, Bharathi Women’s College

Chennai-600 108, Tamil Nadu, India

Aqueous and organic extracts (hexane and ethylacetate) obtained fromPorphyra tenera and Chlorella pyrenoidosa were screened on reactive oxygenspecies (ROS) scavenging assays (l,l-diphenyl -2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxideanion, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipidperoxidation inhibition (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances production) assays.The aqueous extracts of both algae showed significant (p<0.05) activities in mostof the antioxidant assays (DPPH, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, TAC) and containedhigh levels of total phenolic content. Organic extracts showed higher superoxideanion scavenging activity. Moreover, the aqueous extracts also exhibited notablecapacity to suppress lipid peroxidation. The results showed that the tree radicalscavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity correlated well with thepolyphenolic content. ROS scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition activitiesindicated that both the algal extracts contained many water and fat solubleantioxidative components which enable them to act as valuable naturalantioxidative sources.

25. PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF NORI ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANT INDUCEDOXIDATIVE STRESS IN FISH HEPATOCYTES: IDENTIFICATION OF CAROTENOIDS

BY HPLC AND ITS ROLE

M. Usha Rani1 and E. Padmini2

1Research Scholar, 2Associate ProfessorDepartment of Biochemistry, Bharathi Women’s College

Chennai-600 108, Tamil Nadu, India

Antioxidant activities of Nori were examined for inhibition of lipidperoxidation, for different free radical scavenging activities and reducing power.The protective effect of the extract against pollutant induced oxidative damage onEnnore fish hepatocytes was investigated by measuring cell viability, accumulationof reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathioneredox ratio (GRR). Also, because Nori is a dried red alga containing large amountsof carotenoids as one of its biologically active compound, the efficacy ofantioxidant potential of this alga was also studied with regard to its carotenoidcontent by HPLC in the algal extract and in cells that were subjected to two hoursincubation with Nori to identify its concentration within a cell required to exhibit--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E antioxidant role. The results showed that concentrations between 10-50 mg/mlinhibited lipid peroxidation of fish liver tissue homogenate induced by 5 µMcopper sulphate (CUS0

4) system and scavenged all the free radicals effectively in a

dose-dependent manner. In Ennore fish hepatocytes, a marked reduction in cellsurvival was observed, which was significantly prevented by Nori (pre-incubated for2 hrs) at 50 mg/ml. In separate experiments, the extract also attenuated increasein ROS and increased TAC and GRR levels. The carotenoids present in theconcentration of 300ng/mg Nori during incubation entered the cell to an extent of10% (30 ng/mg) and this amount must be partly responsible for the inhibition oflipid peroxidation. Taken together, these results suggest that Nori showsantioxidant activity both in vitro and in a cell system, suggesting its use as a feedfor fish inhabiting polluted estuaries thereby enabling them to develop aadptational mechanism to combat environmental stress. The study is also the firstof its kind that determined the concentration of individual active constituentwithin a cell that were entered during incubation with algal extract, decipheringthe importance of identifying a concentration that exerts maximum inhibitoryeffect on free radicals.

26. BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM MICRO ALGAE BY USING DOMESTICSEWAGE IN SHAKE FLASK CULTURES

D. Sreekanth, D. Sivaramakrishna, V. Himabindu1, B. VenkateswaruluCentre for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad-500 085, A.P, India1 Phone: +91-040-23156133, Fax: +91-040-23156133

e-mail: vurimindihimabindu@yahoo.com srijntures@yahoo.co.in

Today Algae-to-Biodiesel process has attracted many companies as it needsless expensive CO

2 sequestration. Algal growth needs only sunlight, non-potable

water (salt, briny or waste water) and CO2, which is the major global warming gas.

It is proposed to investigate the effect of sewage on the growth of micro algae forthe production of bio diesel preventing water pollution with energy production.Micro algae appear to be the only source of renewable biodiesel that are capableof meeting the global demand for transport fuels. So, in the present study anattempt has been made for the evaluation of treatability of sewage by usingBotryococcus braunii, Chlorella vulgaris and mixed algae for the production ofbiodiesel in shake flask cultures. The culture maintained at 16:8h light and darkcycle with 1.2 ± 0.2 klux light intensity at 30 ±1o C was found to be the best forgrowth. Continuous monitoring of parameters like pH, alkalinity, COD, BOD,sulphates, nitrates, phosphates and the effect of CO

2 is used to asses the

treatment efficiency. Their abilities to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) andBiochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were investigated. More than 85% of COD and

28 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

EBOD removed. It was found that the micro algae would be applicable to thetreatment of sewage without the addition of any organic sources. After thetreatment large amount of micro algal oil was efficiently extracted from the algalcells by using n-hexane. Biodiesel comparable to conventional diesel was obtainedfrom micro algal oil by alkali transesterification. The biodiesel was characterized byusing gas chromatography with mass spectrophotometer. The method has greatpotential in the industrial production of liquid fuel from algae.

27. BIOFUEL PRODUCTION FROM MARINE MACRO ALGAE SARGASSUMWIGHTII AND PADINA GYMNOSPORA

K. Manivannan, G. Thirumaran P. Anantharaman and T. BalasubramanianCAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai - 608502

The global economy literally runs on energy. An economic growthcombined with a rising population has led to a steady increase in the globalenergy demands. The governments around the world stick to current policies; theworld will need almost 60% more energy in 2030 than today, of this 45% will beaccounted by China and India together. Renewable and carbon neutral biofuels arenecessary for environmental and economic sustainability. The viability of the firstgeneration biofuel production is however questionable because of the conflict withfood supply. Algal biofuels are available alternative source; the oil productivity ofmany algae exceeds the best producing oil crops. The present investigationpromotes integration approaches for sustainable bio diesel production to meet theenergy and environmental needs of the society. The emphasis is on hydrothermalliquefaction technology for direct conversion of algal biomass to liquid fuel.Transportation is one of the fastest growing sectors using of the primary energy.The macro algae collected from Thiruchenthur coast (Sargassum wrightii andPadina gymnospora) used for for fatty acids analysis and high fatty acid seaweedswere used for the extraction of oils (hexane and ether solution methods). Theextracted oil mixed with catalyst and methanol and transesterification reactionprocess was carried out for glycerol and biodiesel separation. Viscosity wasmeasured using a Ferranti portable viscometer fitted with a coaxial cylinder.

28. -GROWTH OF MICROALGAE (CHLORELLA SP.) IN SEWAGE WATER FOR OILPRODUCTION

R. Ponmani Mala, P. Papitha, J. Frankilin and Samuel Paul RajSchool of Energy, Environment & Natural Resources

Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai - 21

Sewage water disposal is a major problem in our country. However sewagewater consists of rich nutrients that can be exploited for the growth of micro--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E algae. Micro algae in turn can be employed for biodiesel production. A study wasconducted to evaluate the growth of Chlorella sp. in sewage water. Chlorella sp.was grown in untreated sewage water in a glass jar of 10 litre capacity. During thegrowth period pH was maintained at 7- 8. The intensity of light was maintained at2000-2500 lux. The growth medium was aerated continuously. The chlorophyllcontent and dry biomass was estimated. The dry biomass was collected at 10 daysinterval and the oil content was estimated. The amount of dry biomass was 2 g/litre on 10th day. Thus the sewage water can be utilized safely for achieving energysecurity as well as environmental safety.

29. TROPIC MICROALGAL BASE ENERGIES FROM INDONESIA

Dwi SusilaningsihResearch Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

JI raya Bogor Km 46 Cibinong Bogor, INA 16911Tel. +62-21-8754587; Fax.+62-21-8754588 Homepage: www.biotek.lipi.go.id

e-mail: dwisusilaningsih@yahoo.com.sg; dwis002@lipi.go.id

Microalgae are photosynthetic microbes which mostly live in aqueous areaand have ability to convert the sun-light and water into valuable compounds suchas lipid, hydrocarbon, carbohydrate, protein and others. The second generation ofbiofuel is including the microalgae utilization. In this regard we have research onutilization of selected and screened microalgae from tropical area (Indonesia) forstarch and diesel oil, hydrogen and hydrocarbon sources. Four (5) strains of marinemicroalgae of Scenedesmus, Tetraselmis, Chlorella, Nannochloropsis and BTM 1have synthesized lipid in their cells around 40-70% based on cells dry weight, inlaboratory scale. Two (2) strains of acidic-hot-spring cyanobacteria (Ctr-1 and Ctr-4) have positively excreted the hydrogen gas during cultivation with rate around10-12 ml/100 ml formed gas units. 13 strains of marine microalgae (Chlorophytesand Cyanobacteria) were synthesized or deposit the hydrocarbon in their cellsaround 20-40% based on dry weight.

30. PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM ALGAE AS RENEWABLE ENERGY

M.R. Ananadhi Padmanabhan1 and Shaleesha A.Stanley2

1Department of BiotechnologySathyabama University, Rajiv Gandhi Road, Chennai -600 119

2Department of BiotechnologyJeppiaar Engineering College, Rajiv Gandhi Road, Chennai -600 119

Biofuels are used to replace petroleum derived transport fuels, which isthe main cause of global warming. Biofuels produced from agricultural crops

30 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

Ecannot replace fossil based transport fuels, moreover results in the decrease offood production. Only biofuels from microalgae can replace fossil fuels. Algae haveemerged as one of the most promising source for biodiesel production. Like plants,microalgae use sunlight to produce oils but they do so more efficiently than cropplants. Oil productivity of many microalgae greatly exceeds the oil productivity ofthe best producing oil crops. Scenedesmus sp., which has high lipid content, wascultivated. This study was undertaken to optimize the best method for biodieselproduction. In this study both acid and alkali catalysts were used to compare theamount of biodiesel production. Strong liquid acid catalysts are less sensitive toFFA and can simultaneously conduct esterification and transesterification. Algal oiland biodiesel production was higher in case of acid catalyst than alkali catalyst.These results indicate that biodiesel can be produced utilizing Scenedesmus sp.using acid catalyst.

31. STUDIES ON DETOXIFICATION OF FURADAN (3% G) BY TWO SPECIES OFDIAZOTROPHIC CYANOBACTERIA

D. Sahu and B. RathP. G. Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University

Sriram Chandra Vihar,Takatpur, Orissa-757003e-mail: brath_2000@yahoo.com

Diazotrophic cyanobacterial species occur abundantly in the rice field ofIndia and the indiscriminate use of the pesticide might be causing adverse effecton these organisms which have a direct influence on the total productivity.Pesticides have been shown to exert algistatic, inhibitory or toxic effect on thecyanobacteria and/or induce morphological changes in them. Changes in growthpattern and chlorophyll-a content are the most sensitive parameters for theevaluation of the impact of these toxic agrochemicals on soil algal forms. Sincepesticides are often used in rice cultivation to kill pests where species ofcyanobacteria predominates, studies on their persistence in soil or water anddetoxification by these microorganisms is essential. Thus present study wasembarked upon to evaluate the potential of the test organisms (Nostoc muscorumand N. spongiforme) to detoxify the pesticide in laboratory culture. Thecommercial grade Furadan (3%G) could be detoxified by repeated culturing of theexperimental organism. The cyanobacterial cells after a certain growth period inthe pesticide containing medium and subsequent inoculation of fresh activelygrowing cells in the same medium in repeated sequence decreased the toxic effectof the pesticide. Fresh cyanobacterial inoculum when added to the supernatant ofthe previous pesticide containing culture, always exhibited better growthsuggesting that Furadan was taken up by the cells of the experimental organismsand were accumulated, detoxified or metabolized.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 32. CYANOBACTERIAL SYSTEMS FOR BIOSCAVENGING OF HEAVY METALS INAQUEOUS SOLUTION

E.Parameswari1, A.Lakshmanan1 and T.Thilagavathi2

1Dept. of Environmental Science, 2Dept. of Soil Science and Agricultural ChemistryTamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India, e-mail-parameswariphd@gmail.com

Ubiquity of heavy metals in the biosphere results in the introduction ofhuge amounts of toxic metals into the food chain and removal of these toxic andpersistent contaminants are highly imperative. Microalgal biomass has beensuccessfully used as biosorbing agent because microalgae use light as an energysource, facilitating the maintenance of metabolism in the absence of organiccarbon sources and electron acceptor required by bacteria or fungi. Blue greenalgae (BGA) are gaining increasing attention due to its rich source of vitamins andproteins. This study deals with the accumulation of heavy metals concentrationranging from 5 to 25 ppm of Cr (VI) and Ni (II) by the blue green algal systemssuch as Anabaena variabilis, Aulosira sp, Nostoc muscorum, Oscillatoria sp andWestiellopsis sp. All the cultures exhibited growth even at higher levels of both themetals and biomass production decreased with increase in the metalconcentration. As the incubation period was advanced, the mean growth increasedsharply upto 15 days after that the increase in growth was gradual.

Metal binding by BGA has been profoundly influenced by theconcentration of the metal. The removal of Cr (VI) and Ni (II) depends onincubation time and initial metal concentrations. The optimum time for maximummetal removal was found to be 15 days at all the levels of initial metalconcentration. The maximum Cr removal was noticed at 5 ppm with Aulosira sp.(93.60%) followed by Oscillatoria sp. (93.30%). For Ni the maximum reduction wasnoticed in Anbaena variabilis (91%) followed by Westeillopsis sp. (91%). Theinteraction between the heavy metal concentration and incubation periods wasalso found to be significant. The results of the present study provided convincingevidences that metal sorption in effiuents using BGA is a superior technologycompared to conventional methods like precipitation, evaporation and ionexchange in terms of time and expense.

33. STUDIES ON EPIFLORAL COMMUNITY WITH REFERENCE TO HEAVY METALPOLLUTION IN SOIL OF TAPI, SURAT (GUJARAT)

Divya Shingala and Kapila ManojDepartment. of Aquatic Biology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat - 395 007

Tapi is highly influenced by sewage outlets, industrial effluents, agriculturalrun-off etc. Therefore, the present study was carried out to assess the Epifloral

32 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

Ecommunity with reference to heavy metals content in the soil of Tapi. The studywas carried out for a period of 6 months (July- 2008 to Dec- 2008). Monthlycollection of soil was carried out from three different sites. In this study it wasfound that Bacillariophyceae was more abundant then followed by Cyanophyceaeand Chlorophyceae, which had a specific tolerance to heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb andCd) in a freshwater zone of soil in Tapi. The result shows that the higher is theconcentration of heavy metals in the river environment, thus the taxonBacillariophyceae can be used as bioindicator of heavy metal pollution. In site 2and 3, the concentrations of the heavy metals were comparatively low and thedistribution of the algal group enumerated is less.

34. STUDIES ON PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY WITH REFERENCE TO HEAVYMETAL POLLUTION IN TAPI SURAT (GUJARAT)

Maheshwari Solanki and Kapila ManojDepartment of Aquatic Biology

Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat - 395 007

The present study carried out to assess the phytoplankton community withreference to heavy metals content in the Tapi. The study was carried out for theperiod of 6 months (July- 2008 to Dec-2008). Monthly collection of water wascarried out from three different sites which are sewage and industrial effluentinfluenced sites. The heavy metals selected for the study are Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni andCd. In this study it was found that Bacillariophyceae was more abundant and theyshow a specific tolerance to heavy metals in Tapi.

35. PROSPECT OF BIOMONITORING OF POLLUTION IN AQUATIC SYSTEM BYALGAL (CHLOROPHYCEAE) COMMUNITY

Mazher Sultana1, P. Mohanraj and K. Dandayuthapani2

1 Reader, P.G. and Research Department of ZoologyPresidency College, Chennai – 5

2Associate Professor, Department of BiotechnologySree Sastha Institute Engineering and technology

Chembrapakkam, Chennai

Double lake and Korattur Lake situated in the North Chennai area havebeen selected for the present study. The species richness and algal diversity of twowater bodies (Double lake and Korattur Lake) have been investigated forbiomonitoring water quality. During the investigation 50 species belonging to 22genera of Chlorophyceae have been encountered. The predominance and speciesrichness of four genera, Scenedesmus, Oedogonium, Clostridium and Cosmarium

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E have been noticed. Out of 22 genera of the present investigation only 12 generahave been identified as pollution tolerant algal genera in the list of Palmer (1969).It is proposed that the rest of the genera can be tentatively designated aspollution tolerant genera till they are evaluated. The present communities alsoreflect the present status of algal biodiversity for future limnologist.

36. ROLE OF OSMOLYTES IN PESTICIDE (MALATHION) INDUCED OXIDATIVESTRESS IN ANABAENA VARIABILIS

Tasneem Fatma and Ningthoujam ManikarCyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences

Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New-Delhi-110 025, India

Oxidative stress is a major damaging response of organisms exposed toenvironmental stresses. Present study deals with pesticide (Malathion) inducedresponses in Anabaena variabilis, a non-target biofertilizer organism of rice field.Increased MDA in presence of pesticide suggested free radical mediated toxicresponses (oxidative stress). Growth, photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll,carotenoid, and phycobiliproteins) decrease also indicated the toxic response ofthe pesticide. Increased amount of osmolytes (proline, glycinebetaine and sucrose)along with increased content/activity of carbohydrate, protein and antioxidativeenzymes (SOD, CAT and APX) showed protective role. It has been reported for thefirst time the role of osmolytes as oxidative stress protectant from thisinvestigation.

37. POTENTIAL FOR ALGAL BIOMASS AS A SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE FORENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION

John TharakanProfessor and Director of Graduate Studies

Senior Fulbright Scholar, Department of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Engineering, Architecture and Computer Sciences Howard University

2300 6th Street N\V, LKD 1009, Washington, DC 20059, USAe-mail-jtharakan@howard.edu

Algae are a critical component of the global ecosystem that contribute tothe carbon cycle by converting carbon dioxide to biomass while degradingnutrients energized by the sun and sometime other organics. As such, algae couldbe the potential Iynchpin in a diverse and concerted strategy to reduce netemissions of carbon dioxide, methane and other “greenhouse” gases. Algae havebeen utilized for the production of bio-fuels including bio-diesel. At the same time,the technology of phyco-remediation is emerging as a major component of the

34 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

Ediverse set of biological tools available to effect bioremediation of contaminatedindustrial effluent streams. Algae, hence, address two of the critical issues of the21st century, providing a basic and natural technology for energy production aswell as a sustainable technology for waste reduction and remediation. In thispaper, different biotechnologies and bioprocess are evaluated for bio-fuelsproduction and for bioremediation, with a focus on comparing algal to othertechnologies. Review of the available literature and evaluation and assessment ofthe data suggest that algal technologies should serve as a core technology for bio-fuels production processes. Further, analysis of available research also suggeststhat phyco-remediation should be included as a core remediation technologychoice. Algal technologies should be made available to managers and policymakers in public and private sectors to inform policy strategies on energy andenvironmental development.

38. PHOTOBIOREACTOR FOR ALGAL GROWTH THROUGH CO2 MITIGATION

Vasumathi, K.K1., K. Sudhakar1, M. Premalatha2

1 Research Scholar, Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT, Trichy-152 Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical engineering, NIT, Trichy- 15

e-mail: mathikrishna@gmail.com

Photosynthesis is a combined process between CO2, chlorophyll and solar

light. When water saturated with CO2 and small quantity of chlorophyll is

continuously exposed to sun light, photosynthesis commences. The entire processis divided into lag, log, stationary and dead periods. During the lag period, moreCO

2 and fewer algae are present. Once photosynthesis commences, the continuous

increase in the growth of algae tries to increase the rate of reaction while thecontinuous depletion in CO

2 concentration tries to pull down the rate of reaction.

Therefore the resultant rate increases. A point is reached where the concentrationof algae is the highest and that of CO

2 is the least. After this stage, the benefit of

higher concentration of algae is outweighed by the continuous depletion in CO2. So

the rate decreases. Therefore the rate of reaction versus concentration of CO2

follows a bell shaped curve.

Anyone of the following types of reactors is used: 1. Open Pond, 2. Flatplate Photobioreactor, 3. Tubular Photobioreactor, 4. Vertical columnPhotobioreactor, and 5. Internally illuminated Photobioreactor.

Each one has its own advantages and disadvantages. None of the reactoris designed on the progress of the reaction discussed above. Each reactor offersvaried performance depending upon the mixing. Degree of mixing has found toinfluence the performance of reactors. The choice of reactor closely resembling tothe progress of the reaction discussed above plays a key role. The formation of

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E algae depends upon the space time (residence time) of the reactants spent in thereactor. The degree of mixing decides the space time. The space time is the leastwhen degree of mixing is zero (plug flow) and is maximum for complete mixing.The size of the reactor depends upon the space time. Therefore the degree ofmixing decides the size of the photobioreactors for a given capacity. The presentinvestigation analyses the choice of bioreactors.

If the reactants were leaving the reactor at a concentration correspondingto maximum rate, then the bioreactor size is the minimum. However betweenplug flow and mixed flow bioreactors, the mixed flow requires less space time.Therefore a mixed reactor delivering the concentration of reactants correspondingto the maximum rate would be the best choice. After separating the algae fromthe exit solution, water with unsaturated CO

2 can be recycled back to the absorber

to get it saturated and to the reactor. The size of the mixed reactor can bedecided from kinetics of the reaction. Hence a mixed flow bioreactor withrecycling of water to absorber could be the best choice. A complete mixingthereby exposing the algae to sunlight at a regular interval can be achieved usingair lift system.

39. BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF TANNERY LIQUOR USING BLUE GREEN ALGAE

V. Shashirekha, M.R. Sridhar and Mahadeswara SwamyBioproducts Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute

Adyar, Chennai – 600 020

The increase in industrial activities has intensified environmental pollutionand the deterioration of some ecosystems, with the accumulation of pollutantssuch as synthetic compounds, waste nuclear liquids, heavy metals etc. One suchheavy metal pollution is caused by tannery effluents with high chromium content.Though many conventional physico-chemical treatment methods to removechromium from effluents are being practiced, biotechnological methods are gainingmomentum, as they are eco- friendly, sustainable and cost effective. With thisperspective, a study was undertaken to screen and identify the potential bluegreen algal (BGA) species of different taxa for their efficacy to remove chromiumfrom effluents. The BGA studied were found to be effective in removing nearly90% of chromium besides reducing the levels of sulphate, biochemical oxygendemand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the tannery chromeliquor in both laboratory and field conditions. The effects of differentconcentrations of chromium on the growth response of these species in terms ofbiomass and chlorophyll-a were studied. Their growth performance was better infield conditions. The effect of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) in removal ofchromium was also determined. The better growth performance of BGA in field

36 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

Econditions is advantageous and gives a positive indication for their application inthe industrial effluent treatment.

40. EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT OF BLUE GREEN ALGAL BIOMASS ON THEBIOADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS

E.Parameswari1, A.Lakshmanan1 and T.Thilagavathi2

1Dept. of Environmental Science2Dept. of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India, e-mail: parameswariphd@gmail.com

The presence of heavy metals in aquatic environments is known to causesevere damage to aquatic life. Most of the heavy metal salts are soluble in waterand form aqueous solutions and consequently cannot be separated by ordinaryphysical and chemical means of separation. Biological methods such asbiosorption/bioaccumulation for the removal of heavy metal ions may provide anattractive altemative to physico-chemical methods. The biomass is capable ofabsorbing and adsorbing metal ions from aqueous solution. In this study the effectof pretreatment of blue green algal (BGA) biomasses like Anabaena variabilis,Aulosira sp, Nostoc muscorum, Oscillatoria sp and Westiellopsis sp. on the Cr (VI)and Ni (II) biosorption capacity were investigated under single and binary metalconditions. For this purpose, the biomasses were subjected to physical treatmentssuch as heat and autoclaving and chemical treatments such as sodium hydroxideand acetic acid. Under single metal condition, all the pretreated biomass increasedbiosorption of Cr (VI) and Ni (II) in comparison with live biomass (27.90%).Themaximum metal removal efficiency was observed under autoclaved biomass (Cr-86.20 %, Ni -85.90 %) followed by acetic acid treatment (Cr-84.60 %, Ni -83.10%).Among the pretreatments the oven dried biomass (Cr-56.90%, Ni -50.90%) andNaOH treated cells (Cr- 44.80%, Ni - 47.90%) adsorbed least amount of metal. Thebiosorption potential under binary metal condition showed the same trend ofbiosorption under single metal condition. The amount of Cr and Ni biosorbed byblue green algae was dependent on the heavy metal concentration in the medium.

To improve the bioadsorption capacity for metal ions by dead biomass,autoclaving and acetic acid treatment are effective methods, but the loss ofbiomass after the pretreatment should be taken into consideration while assessingthe bioadsorption performance. Biosorption using BGA has distinct advantagesover the conventional methods: the process does not produce chemical sludges(i.e non polluting), it could be selective, more efficient, easy to operate and hencecost effective for the treatment of large volumes of waste waters containing lowpollutant concentrations. The aim of this study is to explore the possibility of usingnative isolates of blue green algal strains to remove heavy metals from aquaticenvironment.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 41. ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS (CD, CU, CR AND PB) BY TROPICALFRESHWATER MICRO ALGA (CHLORELLA SP.)

M. Rajesh Kumar, J. Franklin, P. Papitha and Samuel Paul RajSchool of Energy, Environment & Natural Resources

Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai - 21

Some selected microalgae are used widely for the removal of heavy metalsfrom waste water. In the present investigation Chlorella sp was studied for itsaccumulation of heavy metals namely Cu, Cd, Cr, and Pb. The salts containingthese heavy metals were dissolved in BG 11 medium at different concentrations ina glass jar of 10 litre capacity each and subsequently they were bubbled with airfor 12 days at a temperature of 33°C and light intensity of 2200 lux. The removalrates of heavy metals were recorded for every 4 days during the experimentalperiod. The reduction of Cd in the culture medium after 12 days was 93 %.Chlorella sp removed 37%, 43% and 67% of copper after 4, 8, 12 days respectively.Lead removal rates of Chlorella were 56% after 4 days, 69% after 8 days and 77%after 12 days. The percentage removal of Chromium was 34%, 43% and 50%respectively at 4, 8 and 12 days. From the present investigation, it is concludedthat heavy metal removal ability of Chlorella sp. can be exploited for metaldetoxification and environmental clean up.

42. PHYCOREMEDIATION OF ACIDIC EFFLUENT FROM A CONFECTIONARYINDUSTRY NEAR CHENNAI, INDIA

R Ranjith Kumar, V. V. Subramanian and V. SivasubramanianVivekananda Institute of Algal technology (VIAT)

R. K. M. Vivekananda College, Chennai 600 004, India

The present investigation was conducted on the acidic effluent fromPerfetti Van Melle S.P.A India private limited, situated at Karanai Puducherry village(Guduvancherry, Chennai), Tamilnadu, India, which is involved in the production ofconfectionery products of various brands. Their liquid effluent (generated @ 70 Kl/day) is acidic (pH around 3.0-3.8). Effluent mostly comprises of easilybiodegradable compounds like sugars, sweeteners, condensed milk, vegetable oils,colouring agents, acacia gum and a number of chemicals during the manufacturingconfectionery products and they all became a part of the effluent generated bywashing vessel. As per pollution Control Board (PCB) regulations, the acidiceffluent has to be neutralized using chemicals (NaOH). This results in increased TDSalso.

Feasibility study was conducted by growing various microalgae in thePerfetti effluent, which included the native microalgae present in the effluent as

38 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

Ewell as the micro algal species from the VIAT culture collection. Chlorella vulgarisVIAT027, Chlorococcum,sp VIAT024, Scenedesmus dimorphus VIAT006,Dactylococcopsis VIAT025, Chylamydomonas sp. VIAT026, Desmococcopis VIAT029,Chlorogloea microcystoides VIAT023, Spirulina platensis VIAT022, Chroococcusturgidus VIAT008 and Oscillatoria salina VIAT009, survived in this effluent alongwith yeast cells, whereas the other microalgae did not grow during the feasibilitystudy. In the preliminary lab experiments Chlorococcum sp VIAT 024 and Chlorellavulgaris VIAT 027 dominated during the compatibility study and gave better resultsby increasing pH. Pilot plant studies were carried out using Chlorella vulgarisVIAT027 in a sloping pond inside the factory premises, for setting circulation flowrate and raw effluent inlet flow rate. A flow rate of 60 L/hr of raw effluent in thesloping pilot plant treatment resulted in stabilized pH and relatively odourlesseffluent. The physico-chemical parameters like total solids, total suspended solids,electrical conductivity, phosphate, nitrate, sulphate, calcium etc. were drasticallyreduced. Based on pilot plant data recommendations have been given for scalingup.

43. STUDY OF EPIFLORAL COMMUNITIES WITH REFERENCE TO SEDIMENTQUALITY OF PURNA NAVSARI, GUJARAT

Suchita Dange and Kapila ManojDepartment of aquatic biology, V.N.S.G.U-Surat

The present investigation aimed to evaluate the epifloral communities withrespect to physico chemical characteristics of soil in the Purna Estuary, Navsari,Gujarat. The study was carried out for a period of 6 months (July -’08 - Dec - ‘08).The physico chemical parameters selected for the study are soil moisture, WHC,soil texture, nutrients and organic matter. It was observed that the epifloralcommunities varied with variation in the soil quality.

44. ALGAE: A TOOL FOR MONITORING WATER QUALITY

R.R. Sanap, S.D. Pingle1, A.B. Gore2

S.S.G.M.College. Kopargaon. Dist. Ahmednagar. (M.S.), India. 1Principal, K.l.S.CollegeKopargaon, Dist. Ahmednagar. (M.S.), India

2C.S.College, Shrigonda, Dist. Ahmednagar. (M.S.), India

Day by day, water pollution is becoming a severe problem withadvancement of civilization, industrialization and urbanization of nation togetherwith rapid acceleration of growth of human population. Water pollution is anundesirable change in physical, chemical and biological properties of water whichdirectly or indirectly affects its ultimate use and quality of life.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E Algal community was used by many workers to monitor the water qualityof various water reservoirs. Water pollution indices are based on this community,which is used commonly for detection and evaluation of water pollution. The riverGodavari at Nashik was monitored for two consecutive years (August 2003-July2005) for physico-chemical parameters and phycological studies. Five sampling siteswere selected for collection of water samples. Various algal groups were applied toevaluate water qualities of Godavari river. Dresscher and Marks (1980) saprobicindex was used for monitoring water quality of Godavari river.

Saprobic index of the Godavari River showed that at station SI, oligotropicwater was found indicating clean water. At station S2, many indices showed β/α-mesosaprobic phases indicating moderate pollution of water. At station S3 alsomost of indices showed β/α -mesosaprobic condition showing moderate pollution.Stations S4 and S5 showed clean water to very slight pollution from saprobityindex.

45. MICRO- ALGAE AS INDICATOR OF HUMAN INDUCED ECOLOGICAL CHANGESIN ESTUARIES OF GOA, INDIA

1Suraksha Pednekar, 2 Vijaya Kerkar and 1S. G. Prabhu MatondkarI National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula – Goa

2 Department of Botany, Goa – University, Goa

The Mandovi - Zuari estuarine complex located between 15° 21' and 15°31’N and 73° 45’and 73°49’E on the west coast of India is a highly dynamicenvironment due to considerable tidal influence. These estuaries with theirassociated river systems form an integral part of the inshore waters, which is usedfor fishing, transport of goods and recreation and a preferred location for thesettlement. With rapid increase in population and in industrialization during thelast few decades, the estuarine environment has come under increasing stress dueto anthropogenic activities. As a result, understanding towards the health of theestuarine organisms and ability to absorb additional impacts has gainedimportance. During present work we have made an attempt to evaluate pigmentsas indicator (chemical taxonomy) of the phytoplankton of these estuaries. Duringthe southwest monsoon in June as salinity levels decreased during the earlymonsoon phase, the increase in influx of freshwater led to enhanced nitrateconcentrations. The combined effects of a reduction in salinity and the enhancedavailability of nutrients led to sudden increase in ChI a, with concentrationsreaching as high as 33 mg m-3 in Mandovi and 41.75mg m-3 in Zuari. Although ChIa concentration were lower during the period of low salinity in the estuary,phytoplankton diversity was surprisingly the highest. The pigment extracts fromnatural phytoplankton samples are separated and quantified by HPLC, during

40 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

Ediatom bloom of Skeletonema costatum that of pigment fucoxanthin(1.817 mgm--3) and chlorophyll C2 (1.306 mgm-3) and during dinoflagellate bloomof Gymnodinium splendens pigments like peridinin (1.518 mgm-3) and chlorophyllC

2 (1.690 mgm-3) which were in high concentration. It is suggested that the large

scale monsoon discharge leads to increase in nutrient content which in turn helpsfor the formation of phytoplankton blooms including some harmful species likeSkeletonema costatum and Gymnodinium splendens, one of the red tide organisms,is capable of toxin production during growth and decay of the phytoplankton blooms.

46. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON ADHESION OF MICRO ALGAE ON DIFFERENTTEST PANELS

1S. Bragadeeswaran, S. Sophia Rani, K. Ganesan, K. Prabhu and S. ThangarajCAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai - 608 502

1e-mail: drpragathi@gmai1.com 1Dr. S. Bragadeeswaran, Principal Investigator, DBT project

CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai- 608502, Tamil Nadu

Biofilms are important mechanisms for many extracellular matrixes. Thedevelopment of microbial population studied in the estuarine environment andlaboratory conditions on the different test panels (Aluminium and Fibre glass) werecarried. Diatoms constitute a major component of the fouling community. Scanningelectron microscopy was used to observe the surface of the test panels. Thecomplex nature of the biofilm formed on the test panels was observed. The rateof microfouling build-up was high during the initial periods of exposure of testsurfaces but decreased with the increasing duration. Fibre glass surfaces showedhigher diatom deposition than that of aluminum. Nine species of diatoms wererecorded during the experimental studies. Adhesion of Navicula sp., Amphora sp.,and Thalassionema sp. on Aluminium and Fibre glass were the most dominantfouling diatoms. The maximum species composition values recorded during thepresent study was 30.03%. and 23.82 % on fibre glass and aluminium panelsrespectively. However, the rate of microfouling build up decreased with the periodof exposure.

47. Influence of environmental factors on variations in distribution ofphotosynthetic pigments of macro algae

Y. Sarojini & K. LakshminarayanaDepartment of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam - 530 003. Andhra Pradesh. India

The photosynthetic pigments of 17 macro algae were analysed for theirseasonal variation and their interaction with environmental parameters. The annual

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E mean sea surface water temperature was 29° C. Bimodel distribution oftemperature was observed with maximum During April to June and August toOctober. The mean pH was 8.9 and its maximum was observed during Septemberto December. The annual mean for salinity was 28.6 ppt and it was maximumduring January to April. These variations were reflected on the distribution ofphotosynthetic pigments. The carotenes where observed in higher concentrationthan the chlorophylls in macro algae. The higher concentration of total chlorophylland chlorophyll-b were observed in Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyll-a in Phaeophyceaeand Rhodophyceae. The carotenes were observed high in Phaeophyceae andRhodophyceae than in Chlorophyceae. The chlorophyll maxima were observed inrainy season for majority of plants. For species like Spongomorpha, Sargassum.Gracilaria, Gelidium and Hypnea it was observed high in winter. Summer maximaof chlorophylls were rare in algae. The carotenes were maximum in summer formany algae, but for a few it was in winter. A positive correlation was observed forphotosynthetic pigments with environmental factors at significant levels.

48. ALGAL FLORA AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT OF NANMANGALAMLAKE, CHENNAI, TAMIL NADU

K. Balamurugan, V. Priya, Mazher Sultana1, and K. Dandayuthapani2

1Reader, P.G. and Research Dept of Zoology, Presidency College, Chennai-600 0052Associate Professor, Dept of Biotechnology

Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chembarambakkam, Chennai-600 005

The present study reports algal flora and physicochemical characteristics ofNanmangalam Lake at Chrompet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. There existed considerablediversity in the algal population. Fifty algal forms including pollution indicatorspecies belonging to Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae wererecorded. Physicochemical analysis of water evidenced increased N and Paccumulation in the lake. The study has implication in the scientific and rationalmanagement of tropical lake.

49. A STUDY ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF CELL WALL POLYSACCHARIDE OFCHAMPIA PARVULA (AGARDH) HARVEY FROM SOUTH INDIA

N. Rajsulochana, M. Baluswami1, M.D. Vijaya Parthasarathy2 & V. Krishnamurthy2

Department of Plant Biology and Plant biotechnologyPresidency College, Chennai-600 005, e-mail: rajasulochana_n@ymail.com

1Department of Plant Biology and Plant biotechnology, Madras Christian College, Chennai2Krishnamurthy Institute of Algology, 52A,AK.,Block, Chennai-600 040, Tamil Nadu,India

Champia parvula (Agardh) Harvey is very commonly distributed in southeast coast of Tamil Nadu. In the present work, the cell-wall polysaccharide of

42 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

EChampia parvula collected from Idinthakarai, in two seasons, summer and winterof the year, was extracted and studied for its ash, galactose, 3,6 anhydrogalatoseand sulphate content. The cell wall polysaccharide was also subjected to FTIRspectroscopic analysis. Further the spectra have been compared with that of Difcoagar. The FTIR analysis of polysaccharide from Champia parvula showed thepresence of agar polymers. The intensity of absorption varies with season. Thevariations may be due to the enzymes involved in the synthesis of polymers inpolysaccharide. The results of these analyses are presented and discussed.

50. PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYCOERYTHRIN INMICHROCHAETE NCCU-342

Hemlata and Tasneem FatmaDepartment of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University),

Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India. e-mail:hema_cbl@yahoo.com fatma_ cbl@yahoo.com

Microchaete sp. is a phycoerythrin rich cyanobacterium. Phycoerythrin isan accessory light harvesting pigment found only in Cyanophyceae, Rhodophyceaeand Cryptophyceae. Due to its intense unique pink color and high fluorescenceefficiency, phycoerythrin is widely used as a fluorescent probe and has gainedimportance in many biotechnological applications in immunodiagnostic, therapy,protein and cell labeling and analytical processes as well as being employed as anatural dye in foods and cosmetics replacing synthetic dyes which could becarcinogenic. The present paper describes a chromatographic method forphycoerythrin purification and characterization in cyanobacterium Microchaete sp.

Crude extract of phycoerythrin is obtained by freezing and thawing methodand is precipitated further by ammonium sulfate then dialyzed and desalted onDEAE-cellulose column using acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer. Phycoerythrin richsolution is eluted and characterized with the help of absorption and emissionspectrum, SDS-PAGE. Purity ratio by (A

max/ A

280) is also calculated, which are

specific for the pure phycobiliprotein. At the end molecular weights of purifiedphycoerythrin is shown.

51. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CULTURE MEDIA AND LIGHT INTENSITIES ON GROWTHAND PIGMENT CONTENT OF TWO MARINE CYANOBACTERIA OF ORISSA COAST

I. Priyadarshani and B. RathP. G. Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University,

Sriram Chandra Vihar, Takatpur, Orissa-757003. e-mail: brath_2000@yahoo.com

In developing an optimal process for microalgal products, two majoraspects are usually considered for improvement. One is the effect of

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E environmental factors such as light intensity, while another is the selection of asuitable nutrient medium. It is well known that the culture medium not onlyaffects the cell productivity, but also affects cell composition and yield of specificproducts. This comprehensive study on the determination of the culture mediumand the light intensity was carried out to maximize the growth of Phormidium sp.and Lyngbya sp. for batch cultivations. The effect of light intensity is dependent onthe nutritional state of the cultures which indicates the importance of using anoptimized culture medium for correct interpretation of experimental results. Thechoice of medium used depends on several factors such as the growthrequirements of the algae, how the constituents of the medium may affect finalproduct quality, and cost. In the present study it was found that the test organismgrew in the entire selected medium in varied pattern, however it showed apromising result in two media as compared to other test media. On the otherhand the growth and pigment content was found to increase significantly at highand moderate light intensity than that of low light intensity.

52. ISOLATION AND GROWTH STUDY OF A FEW SELECTED MICROALGAE OFASSAM AND QUANTIFICATION OF THEIR TOTAL LIPID CONTENTS

Jayanta Talukdar1, M.C. Kalita1, B.C. Goswami2 and F. Yasmin3

1Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India2Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India

3Department of Botany, Nowgong College, Nagaon, Assam1Environment Biotechnology Laboratory

Department of Biotech-nology, Gauhati University, Guwahati - 781014, Assam, Indiae-mail: iavantatalukdar@vahoo.com Ph: (0)9954392638

The use of biomass for energy is largely motivated from the stand point ofglobal energy crisis and global environmental issues. Development of CO

2 neutral

biofuels have attracted worldwide attention as the potential substitute for fossilfuels owing to the growing concern of diminishing fossil fuel reserves and theircontributions towards the enrichment of air with major greenhouse gases.Production of biofuel using microalgae has emerged as the most efficienttechnique for utilization of atmospheric and waste CO

2. The efficiency of biofuel

production from microalgae largely depends on the selection of a potent strainand appropriate technology. Selection of a high yielding strain with faster growthrate is equally desirable for sustainable development of biofuel. Exploration of theexisting microalgae diversity plays a key role in finding an appropriate strain forsustainable production of biofuels. In this present communication the growth andlipid yield of a few indigenous isolates of freshwater green microalgae in definedconditions are reported. Indigenous strains of Chlorella sp, Ankistrodesmus sp,Scenedesmus sp. and Haematococcus sp. were isolated from diverse habitats of 8

44 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

Edistricts of Assam, India. Clonal cultures of the isolates were raised in BG11 (pH7.5 adjusted before autoclaving) from single isolates of the selected microalgae byrepeated streaking on solidified BG11 and incubated for 2-3 weeks under coolwhite fluorescent light of 1.5-2.0 klux intensity on a 16:8 LD photoperiod at25±2°C. Native strains of Chlorella sp (µ=0.3087) was found to be the fastestgrower among the selected microalgae species followed by Ankistrodesmus sp.(µ=0.228) and Haematococcus sp (µ=0.0921), while S.dimorphus (µ=0.0678) wasfound to be the slowest grower.

53. TWO-DIMENSIONAL GEL ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF ALGAL EXTRACTS1V. Ramesh Kumar, 1G. Narendra Kumar and 2G. Melchias

1Department of Biotechnology,Sathyabama University,Chennai2Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli

High-quality protein extracts are required for proteomic studies. Heatshock proteins (HSPs) are a class of functionally related proteins whose expressionis increased when cells are exposed to elevated temperatures or other stress. Inthis work, Gracilaria and Sargassum were obtained from the rocky shores ofMandapam and heat shock proteins were induced. The protein samples wereextracted by three methods - aqueous extraction, urea extraction and acetoneprecipitation-phenol extraction. The total protein concentration was estimated byLowry’s method. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE), inwhich proteins are separated according to charge (pI) by isoelectric focusing (IEF)in the first dimension and according to size by SDS-PAGE in the second dimension,has a unique capacity for the resolution of complex mixtures of proteins. From 2DPAGE analysis different types of protein were studied and the phenol extractionresulted in a good yield of HSPs. The samples were then purified by ultrafiltrationand SDS-PAGE was done to show the purified protein. Thus two-dimensional gelelectrophoresis (2-DE) protein analysis provides the opportunity to unravelpotentially novel proteins in this group of marine organisms.

54. FATTY ACID ANALYSIS IN SELECT SEA WEEDS FROM A COASTAL REGION OFSOUTH INDIA

Vidyashankar, S.I, Krupanidhi, S.I, Chandra, S.2

I Department of Biosciences, Sri”Sathya Sai UniversityPrasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, AP-515134

2 Department of Botany, Queen Mary’s College, Chennai& Krishnamurthy Institute of Algology, Chennai

Sea weeds are sometimes used as dietary supplements in coastal India asthey contain various nutritional components that include fatty acids. Assessment of

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E fatty acid levels in these marine macrophytes is essential to obtain better insightinto their nutritional utility. Towards this end we the levels of a few saturated andunsaturated fatty acids were assessed in four species of sea weeds, namely, Ulvacovelongensis, Enteromorpha flexuosa, Chaetomorpha antennina and Grateloupialithophila. GC-MS analysis has revealed overall elevated levels of fatty acids in Ulvacovelongensis. Interestingly this study, for the first time, shows elevated levels ofprostaglandin precursor arachidonic acid, a critical energy source and componentof cell membranes.

55. INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF METALS ON THE PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRYOF TOLERANT BLUE GREEN ALGAE

T.V. Poonguzhali and I. KalaivaniDepartment of Plant Biology and Biotechnology

Queen Mary’s College, Chennai - 600 004

Algae possess a number of sites at which metals may be bound. Metalbinding sites include carboxyl, hydroxyl, phosphate and sulphate groups in the cellwalls.

Adsorption of cations to the cell surface is a common tolerancemechanism. Our results suggested that metal adsorption was about 40-50% in theblue green algae such as Oscillatoria and Lyngbya. Of these Lyngbya showed 55%of adsorption of metals. Adsorption due to Cu was relatively less than othermetals. Release of extra cellular matter was predominantly carbohydratesfollowed by lipids. Interaction with metals such as zinc and lead showed morerelease of carbohydrate than the other combination. Similarly, interaction ofmetals with GSH reduced toxicity and amendment with a repression ofGSH - Buthione sulphoximide increased the toxicity and release of intracellularmatter.

56. COMBINED EFFECT OF IMMOBILIZED CYANOBACTERIA AND UREA ON RICESEEDLINGS

V. Sashi and Y. IndraniDepartment of Botany

P.S.G.R. Krishnammal College for WomenPeelamedu, Coimbatore-641 004 e-mail: sashicbe@yahoo.co.in

Blue green algal biofertilizer has drawn considerable attention on a globalscale for utilization as an efficient and potential organic nitrogen source for ricecrop. In the present study both cell suspensions and immobilized Anabaena

46 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

Evariabilis Kutzing ex Born. et Flah and Anbaena azollae Strasburger have beenselected and the utilization of biologically fixed nitrogen by rice plants hasbeen noticed here at 2 samplings on 20th day and 40th day. The results obtainedwere positive. Cell suspension of Anabaena azollae with urea caused significantincrease in growth, chlorophyll content, and nitrate reductase activity and on NPKcontent on 20 and 40 day old rice plants.

57. UTILIZATION OF ALGAE AS A PROTEIN RICH FEED FOR HUMANS AND ANIMALS

Kavitha, B and G. RajannanDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

Coimbatore-641 003,Tamil Nadu, India e-mail: kavithaphd2008@gmail.com

Shortage of protein foods in various areas of the world is of increasingconcern. Because of over population and a scarcity of land for production ofsufficient protein at a cost within the reach of the people, means of producingprotein rich foods in areas of shortage are being sought. The nutrient content ofthe algae is used as a possible source of food for animals and human beings.Algae provide many vitamins including vitamin A, B 1, B2, B6, niacin and C, andare rich in iodine, potassium, iron, magnesium and calcium. In additioncommercially cultivated microalgae, including both algae and Cyanobacteria, aremarketed as nutritional supplements, such as Spirulina, Chlorella and the Vitamin-C supplement, Dunaliella, high in beta-carotene.

Chlorella pyrenoidosa as a source of protein for chickens is found that,except for a low amount of methionine, it compared favourably with soybeanmeal protein. It is also found to contain generous amounts of six B-vitamins,carotene, and ascorbic acid. It could be a useful source of animal feed ifsupplemented by some other source of these amino acids. Unicellular green algaehave been suggested as such potential food, principally because of their highprotein content and favourable amino acid composition. Since introduction ofalgae to human and animal diets may be accomplished more successfully, at leastfor the present, the poor digestibility of algae protein not be a significant problemin human feeding.

58. MICRO ALGAL BIOMASS AS POTENTIAL FEEDSTOCK FOR BIOFUELS

Ponmani, S. and C. UdayasoorianDepartment of Environmental Science

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India e-mail: ponmaniphd@gmail.com

To meet the challenges of generating sufficient and sustainable energy, apotentially viable alternative is to use aquatic biomass, such as algae, as the

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E feedstock for generation of biofuel. The major focus in the field of using algae forbiofuel has been on microalgae due to their impressive growth rates and high lipidcontent. Microalgae have emerged as one of the most promising feedstock owingto their widespread availability and higher oil yields. Unlike traditional oilseedcrops, microalgae can grow in places away from the farmlands and forests such asponds, fermentation units and even wastewater.

After oil extraction from algae, the remaining biomass fraction can be usedas a high protein feed for livestock. This gives further value to the process andreduces the waste, which does not drain on the edible vegetable oil supply. It isrenewable and environmentally friendly energy resources. It also givesenvironmental benefits, especially carbon dioxide saving. Biofuels production fordeveloping countries by creating rural jobs, increasing incomes and therebyimproving food security.

59. PHYCOREMEDIATION OF OIL DRILLING WASTE AT KAKINADA, ANDHRAPRADESH

V. Sivasubramanian, V. V. Subramanian, P. A. Raju1 and M. MuthukumaranVivekananda Institute of Algal Technology (VIAT)

R.K.M. Vivekananda College, Chennai 600 004, India1SAR Chandra Environ Solutions Pvt. Ltd, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India

A successful scaled up phycoremediation plant was set up at Kakinada totreat oil drilling waste, both liquid effluent and sludge, after a series of laboratorytrials followed by pilot plant trials using micro algae. At SAR Chandra EnvironSolutions Kakinada, Andhrapradesh, drilling waste is allowed to settle for sometime to facilitate natural separation of oil, water and sediment phases. Emulsionbreakers are added to break the emulsion between base oil and water. Theseemulsion breakers disturb the surface tension of the emulsified water, with theresult that free water can be separated. The treatment process results in watereffluent of very high TDS and fine sludge with some residual oil left. Algaltechnology has been developed to treat water effluent in a slope tank andevaporate with a maximum reduction in sludge formation. An attempt to treat thefine sludge using micro algae gave encouraging results.

60. STUDIES ON EPIFLORA COMMUNITY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TOSOIL QUALITY OF TAPI, SURAT

Asha Bajpai and Kapila ManojAquatic Biology Department, V.N.S.G.U. Surat

Estuarine stretch of Tapi River is selected for the study on epifloralcommunity. Soil allied to the intertidal flats near estuary is altered by the tidal flux

48 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

Ealong with the human activities. Life in the soil is amazingly diverse which isbecause the constitution of the ecology is not the same throughout, it varies fromplace to place. In the present study the epiflora community was studied in Tapiestuary near Furza chowk (riverine end), Magdalla jetty and Magdalla near ONGC(estuarine ends) for the period of six months from Nov ’07 to April ’08 to studythe soil quality and its effect on the epifloral abundance. To achieve the aim a fewimportant parameters such as soil pH, soil moisture, texture, porosity andnutrients are studied. Fluctuation in different soil properties due to the tidal fluximparts an impact on the diversity of the mentioned ecosystem.

61. ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON GELIDIUM ELEGANS

K. SivakumarDepartment of Botany (DDE) Annamalai University

Annamalainagar 608 002 Tamil Nadu, Indiae-mail: kshivam69@yahoo.com

Studies were made on the mature vegetative thalli of Gelidium elegans(Kutzing) using Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy. SEM studies revealsthat presence of thick amorphous mucilaginous epidermal layer followed bycortical cells and cortical cells are interposed between the group of rhizoidalfilaments. Rhizoidal cells are more or less hemispherical in shape and distinct byhollow in the centre region. TEM studies showed that the epidermal cell wallconsisted of an outer layer with fine, parallel fibrils, an amorphous mid layer withdiscarded fibrillar materials and an inner layer with fibrillar material in parallelarrangement. The outer cell wall layer is more electrondense then the inner layer.The cortical region consists of one to three layers of small cells, rectangular ortriangular in shape, which contain dense cytoplasm packed with plastids andfloridean starch grains. Medullary region consists of highly vacuolated large cells.Thin peripheral cytoplasm contains elongated and also anomalous plastids withthylakoids disorganization were found in medullary cell. In between cortical andmedullary cell there is a thin layer of jagged cell membrane was observed inrhizoidal cell. It consists of mitochondria, granular bodies, fibrous vacuole and thinmicrofibrillar net work of the cell membrane layer with confluent mucilage sac inthe rhizoidal cell. The refractile inclusion of these rhizoidal cells is comprised ofnumerous electron translucent vacuoles enclosed by an electron opaque matrix,while observed rhizoidal cell in medullary portion the vesicle enlarged bycontinued deposition of synthesized material and coalescence with other vesicle.All vesicles eventually coalesce to form mature vacuole. A crystalline array of fibrilsdevelop in the cytoplasm during later stages of vacuole enlargement. Activerelease of vacuolar material does not occur and organ less for extra cellularsecretion are not present (except, rhizoidal cell). Structural evidence suggests a

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E storage rather than secretary function for the cell. Rhizoidal cell walls are relativelythin, which in turn would aid the transfer of metabolites to the secretary/storagelike structure. These features of the rhizoidal cells provide essential clues to theproduction and secretary / storage of the halogenated metabolities in G. elegansand offer new insights in to a possible mechanism for their release.

62. PRESENT STATUS OF VEERANAM LAKE DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE - ANOVERVIEW

K. SivakumarDepartment of Botany, Annamalai UniversityAnnamalainagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

e-mail: kshivam69@yahoo.com

The Veeranam Lake is an oldest and largest freshwater lake in Tamil Nadustate and it is very significant in South India. It was formed by the PrinceRajathithar, Son of Paranthaga Cholan during the 9th century and it is 1040 yearsold. The lake is located in the western half of Chidambaram taluk and southernhalf of Kattumannarkoil taluk in the Cuddalore district (Lat. 11.35N; Long 79.40E).The lake is being used for various purposes such as irrigation to about 45,000acres of agricultural land, fishing and people’s washing and bathing. Since 2004,the lake water is also used by Chennai Metropolitan Corporation for drinkingpurpose. Chennai is now receiving about 90 million litres a day (mld) drawn fromthe lake and bore wells sunk in the Neyveli aquifer, through pipelines laid underthe New Veeranam project, with the present storage in the lake at 1.065 millioncubic feet (mcft), as against the total capacity of 1,485 (mcft). The lake covers awater spread area of 15 sq miles (38.85 sq. km) with a length of 16 km north-south and a width of 5 km east west. In which 4.95 sq km uplands are formed.The maximum depth is 5.44 m in and the water holding capacity is 45.50 FTL-990mcft (0.99 TMC), with 34 sluices. Veeranam Lake at present is interspersed withnumerous small islets dotted with Barringtonia, Ipomea, Acacia and Nilotica aswell as dry ever green shrubs and bushes. Approximately 25,000 birds are visitingthis lake during postmonsoon and summer seasons from different countries viz.Srilanka, Bangladesh, Australia, Siberia and Myanmar. Due to climate change since1994 till date temperature has gradually increased every year, ranging from 39 to44°C. Due to evaporation of water in the lake, there is a decrease in the depth ofwater level and formation of small islets of vegetation where cattle grazing is alsonoticed. Biochemical oxygen demand was in the range of 5.5 mg/L to 10 mg/L insummer in the reservoir, which indicate that they are quite rich in biodegradablematter. Minimum DO and maximum BOD in the Veeranam lake water body maybe attributed to the addition of pollutant which depIcted the DO content of thewater due to enhanced bacterial oxidation of biodegradable matter.

50 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

EEutrophication with enrichment of nutrients in the lake promotes frequentalgal blooms including some filamentous algae viz. Spirogyra (bright green scum).These algae during decay lead to microbial utilization of oxygen in water thereby,lowering the oxygen level causing BOD and death of fish and other organisms. Allthese could indicate that there is degradation of the Veeranam Lake over a periodof time, probably due to climate change, natural and man made pressures.

As India progresses towards broader, holistic and ecologically soundmanagement practices of natural resources, the water quality guidelines must beextended to environmental guidelines to protect the fragile aquatic ecosystems.Though certain abatement technologies can be developed to clean up the pollutedenvironment, there is an urgent need to educate the people about the ill effectsof pollution and reduce the extent of pollution in our pristine environment,because prevention would be better than cure and it is the best way compared toabatement. Conducting environmental inventory of aquatic ecosystems includingthe Veeranam Lake is necessary for scientific understanding as a background forassessing human and industrial impacts as means for devising managementstrategies, in future.

63. STUDIES ON FRESHWATER ALGAL DIVERSITY DURING VERMICOMPOSTING

Srilekha, K., M.S. Akila, K. Santhoshi, C. Leelavathi, M. Rama Sundari,Sarada Kali, S. Chandra1

Sri Sathya Sai University Anantapur Campus, Anantapur A.P. India1Corresponding author - PG Department of Botany, Queen Mary’s College

Chennai - 4, Tamil Nadu

Composting is microbiological conversion of biodegradable organic wastesto stable humus by micro organisms i.e. bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. In thepresent study, an attempt has been made to study the colonization of fresh wateralgal flora during vermicomposting by culturing in Bold’s basal medium. Samplesin the culture were observed after a period of five weeks of inoculation. At theend of sixth week only, luxuriant growth was recorded which included membersbelonging to Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae. However there wasa predominance of blue green algae like Anabaena, Nostoc, Phormidium,Westiellopsis, Oscillatoria which play a significant role in sustenance of nitrogenstatus in rice fields. Physical paramreters such as temperature, moisture and pHhad been recorded during composting. Chemical parameters namely, carbon,potassium, phosphate, calcium, magnesium had been analyzed. Increase in thelevel of generic diversity was noticed which might be due to the availability ofnutrients with ambient temperature and optimum pH. To measure the growthrate of algal population in cultures, individual cell count was done using

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E haemocytometer at the end of each week. An increase in algal population wasnoticed probably due to the availability of nutrients from the culture medium.

64. THE EFFECT OF SEAWEED AND SEAGRASS EXTRACTS ON CHLOROPHYLLASEACTIVITY AND PIGMENTATION IN PISUM SATIVUM

R. Asir Selin KumarPostgraduate and Research Department of Botany

Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil 629 003

Effect of different concentrations of crude extracts (10, 20, 30, 40 and50%) of the seaweed Acanthophora muscoides and the seagrass Syringodiumisoetifolium on changes in total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll bcontents and chlorophyllase activity were studied in Pisum sativum L. Chlorophyllcontent was found high in 10% extracts treated plants compared to otherconcentrations. The increase in chlorophyll content was found to be associatedwith low activity of the enzyme chlorophyllase during senescence.

65. EFFECT OF LAURENCIA PAPILLOSA EXTRACT ON REDUCING AND NON-REDUCING SUGAR CONTENT IN ZEA MAYS L.

R. Sobitha Bai and R. Asir Selin KumarPostgraduate and Research Department of Botany

Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil - 629 003

Aqueous extract of the seaweed Laurencia papillosa at variousconcentrations (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) were prepared and their effect onreducing and non-reducing sugar content in Zea mays was studied. Both reducingand non-reducing sugar contents increased gradually up to 16th day and thendecreased up to 24th day in all the above concentrations of treatment. However,those plants treated with 10% extract showed remarkable effect compared toplants treated with other concentrations.

66. ANTIMICROBIAL AND IMMUNOSTIMULATORY ROLE OF SPIRULINASUBSALSA IN AQUACULTURE

R. Gunaseeli and B.Jerlyn SallyBotany and Microbiology department, Lady Doak College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

Aquaculture is a fast expanding food producing sector in the world. Asustainable aquaculture industry depends on a stable fry production. There are

52 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

Eseveral bottlenecks that limit the survival from eggs to fish during the growthphase. Microbial pathogens are one of the main problems in the rearing of larvae.Aeromonas hyydrophila is a rod shaped, non spore forming, oxidase positive,glucose fermenting, facultative anaerobic, gram negative bacterium that inhabitsaquatic environment and capable of causing disease in fish. This bacterium candigest materials like gelatin, hemoglobin and elastin. Super intensive fish farmingwith increased fish densities and less sanitation in fish farms led to stress and hypoactivation of the immune system of fish ultimately resulting in outbreak ofdiseases and control was solely dependent on the use of antibiotics. However, themassive use of antibiotics for the control of diseases has been qestioned byacquisition of antibiotic resistance and the need of alternative is of primeimportance.

Nowadays immunostimulants are valuable for the control of fish diseasesand may be useful in fish culture. The immunomodulation of larval fish has beenproposed as a potential method for improving larval survival by increasing theinnate responses of the developing animals until its adaptive immune response issufficiently developed to mount an effective response to the pathogen. A set ofdifferent substances such as â-glucans, bacterial products, and plant constituentsobtained from bacterial sources, bluegreen, brown or red algae and terrestrialfungi may directly initiate activation of innate defense mechanisms acting onreceptors and triggering intracellular gene activation that may result in productionof anti-microbial molecules, exploited as source of novel potentiating substances.In the present study, the antimicrobial and immunostimulatory role of Spirulinasubsalsa were investigated. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated againstAeromonas hydrophila by using the active principle extracted with organic solventslike (chloroform, methanol and hexane) The methanol extract at 15mg/0.5mlexhibited high antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila compared tochloroform and hexane. Less than 2mg/0.5ml does not show any antimicrobialactivity.

The methanol and chloroform fractional extract of Spirulina subsalsa wasinjected intraperitoneally into the fish to study the immunostimulatory effect byanalyzing the specific response. Bacterial agglutination assay and non specificresponses such as haemolysin test, lysozyme activity, serum albumin, serumglobulin and total serum protein and serum anti protease. All the parametersstudied were significantly high in methanol extract treated groups compared toother solvent extract and control. So Spirulina subsalsa could be used as animmunomodulating agent in aquaculture.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 67. PHYCOREMEDIATION OF EFFLUENT FROM A LEATHER PROCESSINGCHEMICAL INDUSTRY

P. Hanumantha Rao, R. Ranjith Kumar, B. Govinda Raghavan,V.V. Subramanian and V. Sivasubramanian

Vivekananda Institute of Algal Technology (VIAT)R.K.M. Vivekananda College, Chennai 600 004, India

In the present study, phycoremediation (treatment using algae) wasemployed to treat the effluent of Stahl India Private Limited (referred shortly asStahl) situated at Ranipet, Tamil Nadu, India. Stahl is one of the world’s leadingsuppliers of leather processing products and has strong market niche in proprietaryproducts such as Permuthane®. The effluent apart from residual pigments andchemicals contains heavy metals such as copper, zinc, chromium, cadmium, leadand nickel. Stahl has an effluent treatment plant converting the pollutants intosolid waste by precipitation and filtration and as a result, tons of solid wasteseparated from the effluent has been accumulated over the years. Efforts wereundertaken to treat the effluent as well as the solid waste with emphasis onreduction of sludge and heavy metals. In an outdoor treatment pond, the initialsludge dry weight in the effluent drastically reduced by 93% after treatment,whereas in the solid waste it got reduced by 95%. Regarding the heavy metalreduction, all the heavy metals upon phycoremediation reduced to well withinTamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) limits. Thus phycoremediation waseffective in the treatment of Stahl effluent.

68. IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF SOLANUM NIGRUM LINN. USINGCYANOBACTERIAL FILTRATE - A NOVEL APPROACH TO TISSUE CULTURE

G. Mayakkannan and N. AnandCentre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras

Guindy campus, Chennai – 600 025

Cyanobacteria, are not only known for their great potentials asbiofertilizers, protein content, therapeutic agents but also as a precursor of widearray of bioactive substances, including plant growth regulators. In the case ofgrowth regulators, gibberellin, auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid and jasmonicacid have been detected in cyanobacteria and a comparative study was conductedto evaluate the morphogeneic effect and the level of growth promoters (auxin,cytokinin, gibberellic acid) derived from intra and extra-cellular substancesproduced by the cyanobacterial cultures (isolated from sub-aerial habitats) viz.,Aphanocapsa elachista var. planctonica G. M. Smith, Chroococcus minutus (Kütz.)Nageli, Phormidium tenue (Menegh.) Gomont, Oscillatoria formosa Bory exGomont, Lyngbya spiralis Geitler, Hapalosiphon flagelliformis (Schmidle) Forti.54 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

ECalothrix fusca and Scytonema hofmanni Ag. with commercially produced NAA.Intra and extracellular cyanobacterial products were found to increase the multipleshoot, root induction and also tremendously increased shoot length, root lengthand biomass of Solanum nigrum within short period. The cyanobacterialsubstances stimulated the regeneration of the explants used and could be a usedas a safe and cost effective supplement to replace the toxic influence ofcommercial growth regulators in plant tissue culture.

69. EVALUATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING ACTIVITY OF BACILLUS SP.ISOLATED FROM SEAWEED MANURE

L. K. Elumalai and R. Rengasamy1

Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of MadrasGuindy Campus, Chennai – 600 025 1e-mail: profrengasamy@yahoo.com

Microbes are important catalyst to regulate the functional properties ofterrestrial ecosystem. After the extraction of alginates from Sargassum, theseaweed waste is being converted to organic fertilizer and commercialized by someindustries. Organic manure was promoting plant growth and high yields. Amongthe microbes recorded Bacillus sp. found to be a dominant organism in theSargassum waste. It was isolated and identified evaluated the plant growthpromoting activity through antagonistic activity against some phytopathogenproduction lytic enzyme against pathogen and detection of plant growthpromoters like indole acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid production and optimized forIAA production in Nutrient broth (NB) amended with different concentrations of L-tryptophan. The bacterium produced a maximum amount of extracellular auxin47µ/mL at L-tryptophan 25mg/L, confirmed the organic manure and containsbacteria are to promote the plant growth and yields.

70. DIVERSITY OF DESMIDS FROM AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA

B. S. Deshmukh and S. D. Pingle1

Arts, Commerce and D. R. Science College Akole- 422601, Dist. Ahmednagar (MS).1 K.J. Sommaya College, Kopargaon, Dist. Ahmednagar

e-mail: babadesh2004@yahoo.co.in

The present investigation deals with the systematic account of 39 taxa offamily Desmidaceae form Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra. All these are thenew reports to the district. The dominant genera represented are Cosmarium,Euastrum and Staurastrum. Variations in rain fall, soil conditions, the collectingseasons and geographical factors play vital role in the occurrence and diversity ofdesmids.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 71. BIOENRICHMENT OF ARTEMIA WITH CAROTENOIDS THROUGH DUNALIELLA

M. Madhumathi and R. RengasamyCentre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025

Aquaculture is a rapidly growing global industry that comprising culture ofvarious fresh water marine species of finfish, crustaceans, mollusks andornamental fish. They require microalgae as a feed in the life cycle and thus theyplay a vital role in the industry. Approximately 90% of 14.5 million metric tons ofaquaculture use microalgae as a feed source. Many aquatic animals, mainlycrustaceans like shrimp, mollusks, and finfish feed on larger particles or organismslike zooplankton, brine shrimp (Artemia sp.). Artemia is the main vehicle inaquaculture by which nutritional components are delivered to the target aquaticanimals. Cultured microalgae are widely used to improve the nutritional content ofzooplankton, by filling their digestive system with microalgae before fed to fish orshrimp larvae. Microalga that produces carotenoids plays a vital role inaquaculture. In the present study two different carotenoid producing algal sourceslike Dimaliella salina and Dunaliella bardawii were fed to 24-48 h hatched naupliiof Artemia sp. with different cell concentration and they fed twice a day.Extraction of carotenoids from Artemia sp. nauplii fed with the algae wereanalysed qualitatively and quantitatively in 24, 32 and 48 h period interval.Artemia sp. nauplii fed with Dunaliella salina beta-carotene with Rf value 0.877similar to the standard .The accumulation of beta-carotene in Artemia sp. naupliifed with D. salina seems to be maximum at 32h whereas the animal fed with D.bardawii showed minimum value. As carotenoids have proved to be particularlyvaluable chemosystematic markers in microalgae this attempt has found practicalapplication in aquaculture.

72. PERFORMANCE OF SPIRULINA PLATENSIS IN DIFFERENT LOW COSTNUTRIENT MEDIA UNDER THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF AGRA

Harish Chandra and Samuel G. SinghDepartment. of Botany, St.John’s College, Agra, UP, India.

e-mail:yadavharishchandra10@yahoo.in

To estimate and findout the best growth, Spirulina platensis was cultivatedin different culture media i.e. MMl, MM2, MM3 under the environmentalconditions of Agra. Temperature and light was varied in different seasons. Stockculture maintained under special conditions in the prescribed synthetic mediumCFTRI (1983). Harvesting was done after 15 days of inoculation and growth wasmeasured in the form of dried biomass. The highest biomass production ofSpirulina platensis was found in MM2 culture medium at the temperature range of30-35°C followed by alternate natural light and dark period of 12/12 hours. Thisformulated medium was found to be 3 times cheaper than the prescribed medium.56 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E73. BIOSYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES USING MARINE ALGASARGASSUM SWARTZII

D. Punitha, R. Dhamotharan, S. Murugesan1, M. Sridevi and M. ElumalaiPG and Research Dept of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology

Presidency College,Chennai - 600 005

1PG and Research Dept of Plant Biology and Plant BiotechnologyUnit of Algal Biotechnology and Nano Technology

Pachaiyappa’s CollegeChennai 600 030

e.mail: smurugesan5@gmail.com

Nanotechnology is one of the new technologies used in personal careindustry. Gold nanoplates are promising for optical and electronic applications; buttheir synthesis is complex, often requiring a seeded growth process of spherical totriangle morphology transformation. This alternative approach to chemicalsynthesis procedures uses microbial systems for the production of nano sizedmaterials. Intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles, as well as extra cellularformation of nanoparticles in alga and their cell extract has been successfullydemonstrated. The possibility to manipulate the size and shape of goldnanoparticles by altering key growth parameters was investigated and the resultshave provided some understanding as to which parameters may have an effect onthe formation of gold nanoparticles. The UV-Visible spectrum of the aqueousmedium containing gold ion showed peak at 539 nm corresponding to theplasmon absorbance of gold nanoparicles. Transmission electron microcopy (TEM)showed formation of well dispersed gold nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD)spectrum of the gold nanoparticles exhibited Bragg reflections corresponding togold nanoparticles. The cellular mechanism leading to the reduction of the goldions and formation of gold nanoparticles is not well understood and therefore thepotential to manipulate key parameters, which control growth and other cellularactivities, to achieve controlled size and shape of the nanoparticles wasinvestigated. The results provided some insight as to which parameters may impacton the cellular mechanism involved in the reduction of gold ions and formation ofgold nanoparticles. The results showed that gold nanopartic1es were observed atpH value of 7.0. The process of reduction being extra cellular and may lead to thedevelopment of an easy bioprocess for synthesis of Au NPs. Fourier transform IRexternal reflection spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy support theresults from electrochemical measurements.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 74. GOLD (III) BIOSORPTION AND BIOREDUCTION WITH THE BROWN ALGAPADINA TETRASTROMATICA

S. Bhuvaneswari, J. Kamaleswari, S. Murugesan1, P. Murugakoothan2 andR. Dhamotharan

1PG and Research Dept of Plant Biology and Plant BiotechnologyUnit of Algal Biotechnology and Nano Technology

Pachaiyappa’s CollegeChennai 600 030

2PG and Research Dept of PhysicsPachaiyappa’s College

Chennai 600 030PG and Research Dept of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology

Presidency College Chennai 600 005e-mail: smurugesan5@gmai1.com

Brown algae are well known biomass for biosorption due to their highmetal uptakes compared to other microorganisms, such as fungi and other algae.Their more complex cell wall, rich in mucilaginous polysaccharides (alginate andsulfatated fucoidans), can explain the higher metal uptakes. In the present study,bioreduction of Au (III) to Au (0) using biomass of the brown alga Padinatetrastromatica was investigated. The recovery and reduction process took place intwo stages with an optimum pH range of 5-7 with a maximum uptake obtained atpH 7.0. In the first stage, an induction period prior to gold reduction, the variationof pH and gold concentration in solution was practically negligible and no colourchange was observed. In the second stage, the gold reduction was followed by asharp decrease of gold concentration, pH and colour change from yellow toreddish purple. Hydroxyl groups present in the algal polysaccharides were involvedin the gold bioreduction. Metallic gold was detected as micro precipitates on thebiomass surface and in colloidal form as nanoparticles in the solution. Bioreductionwith Padina tetrastromatica could be an alternative and environmentally friendlyprocess that can be used for recovering gold from dilute hydrometallurgicalsolutions and leachates of electronic scraps, and for the synthesis of goldnanoparticles of different size and shape. In the present work, Au (III) wassuccessfully recovered as metallic gold nanoparticles using biomass of the brownalga Padina tetrastromatica. The process is described and the influence of initialpH is investigated. Different analytical techniques were used, including UV -Visiblespectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and a possible mechanism isproposed.

58 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E75. NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION AND CULTURE OF FRESHWATER LIVE FOODORGANISMS ON CATLA CATLA

S. Murugesan, V. Sivasubramanian1 and K. Altaff2

PG and Research Department of Botany,Unit of Environmental Sciences and Algal Biotechnology, Pachaiyappa’s College,

Chennai -600030.1Vivekananda Institute of Algal Technology (VIAT), R.K.M. Vivekananda College, Chennai-600 004.

2PG and Research Department of Zoology, The New College, Chennai 600 0l4.e-mail: smurugesan5@gmai1.com / vsivasubramanian@gmai1.com

Feeding management plays a critical role in the success of fish culture. Thecurrent trend in fish culture is towards increased intensification whereby, provisionof feeds becomes necessary and success depends significantly on the availability ofwell balanced nutritionally complete and cost effective compounded feeds.Microalgae and zooplankton play a vital role in the hatchery phase of manyaquacultures as feed for larval and juvenile crustaceans and fish. Several algae arebeing investigated as potential source of protein for both livestock and humanconsumption. The food value of live food organisms for a particular fish specieswas primarily determined by its size and form. Nutrients are often the limitingresources in ecosystems and an environmental template of geological and climaticand ecological features ultimately delimits their availability. Nutritional quality oflive food in aquaculture is important for survival and growth of larvae. A 5-dlaboratory trial was conducted to evaluate live feed organisms on growth andsurvival of Catla catla. Chroococcus turgidus and Mesocyclops aspericornis were fedto fish throughout the study. Biochemical analysis was carried out the live feedorganisms and fish. The protein, lipid, carbohydrate and amino acids content offish were quite variable, when live food was consumed. The present studyconfirmed that alga and copepod could be suitable live food for Catla catla rearingbecause it meets their nutritive requirements.

76. THE USE OF MARINE ALGAE FOR THE FORMATION OF METALNANOPARTICLES AND THEIR APPLICATION

S. Murugesan and R. DhamotharanPG and Research Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology

Unit of Algal Biotechnology and Nano TechnologyPachaiyappa’s College, Chennai 600 030

PG and Research Department of Plant Biology and Plant BiotechnologyPresidency College Chennai 600 005 e.mail: smurugesan5@gmail.com

Generally nanoparticles are prepared by a variety of chemical methodswhich are not ecofriendly. In the present study the use of marine algae(Sargassum swartzii, Padina tetrastromatica, Gracilaria edulis, Hypnea musciformis

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E and Kappaphycus alvarezii) in the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles and theirapplications was investigated. In this report we use aqueous extracts from algae.The extracts template the reductive preparation of gold nanoparticles which arefound to be >100 nm in size. The synthesis and characterization of nanoparticlesby FTIR, TEM and XRD analysis will be discussed in detail.

77. ANTI-OXIDANT AND ANTI-MICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF A FEW SEAWEEDSFROM A COASTAL REGION OF SOUTH INDIA

S. Vidyashankar1, Vinayak Valsan1, S. Chandra2, S. Krupanidhi1

I Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai UniversityPrasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, AP-515134

2 Department of Botany, Queen Mary’s College, Chennai-600 005

Anti-oxidant and anti-microbial properties of four seaweeds namely UIvacovelongensis, Enteromorpha flexuosa, Chaetomorpha antennina and Grateloupialithophila from Covelong near Chennai were studied. Anti-oxidant property wasanalyzed by considering five parameters viz., total pigments, total flavonoids, totalpolyphenols, reducing power and free radical scavenging capacity. The totalflavonoid contents were highest in Chaetomorpha antennina. Polyphenols contentwere below detectable level across all the samples. Reducing power and DPPHassay showed that except Chaetomorpha antennina which showed very lowactivity, the other algae did not possess any anti-oxidant activity. These algae showa great amount of carotenoids and flavanoids. The antimicrobial properties ofpigment extracts were studied by Kirby’s disc diffusion method on five bacterialpathogens such as Aeromonas, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Bacillussphaericus, Listeria spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial assay shows thatextract obtained from Grateloupia lithophila showed higher degree of antimicrobialactivity in comparison to the other three algae. None of the algal extracts seemedto show any antimicrobial activity against Salmonella and Listeria. Aeromonasseemed to be the most sensitive towards the algal extracts.

78. INVESTIGATION ON PRIMARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF KAPPAPHYCUSALVAREZII

P. Rajasulochana1, R. Dhamotharan2, P. Krishnamoorthy3, S. Murugesan4

IDepartment of lndustrial Biotechnology, Bharat University, Chennai, India2Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Presidency College, Chennai-5, India.

3Dept. Bioinformatics, Bharat University, Chennai.4PG and Research Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology,

Unit of Environmental Sciences and Algal Biotechnology,Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai 30, India. e:mail: prajasulochana@yahoo.co.in

Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex Silva an edible red seaweed from

60 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

EMandapam camp, South East Coast of Tamil Nadu, India was subjected to variousphytochemical analysis. The metabolites include proteins, fatty acids, sterols, andβ-carotene were analysed. β-carotene was estimated through high performanceliquid chromatography, whereas fatty acids and sterol compounds weredetermined using gas chromatography technique. From the standard graph, theprotein was estimated as 0.169gm/ml indicating that the protein content is quitehigh in red algae. Sterols were estimated on the basis of chromatographic peakareas for each with respect to total sterol peak area. The predominant sterolidentified is cholesterol. From the qualitative analysis of β-carotene, it wasobserved that one compound present in higher quantity other than impurities. Thepresent study suggests the utility of Kappaphycus alvarezii for various nutritionalproducts for use as health food or neutracetical supplement. However, furtherstudy is required to identify the bioactive compounds which will showantimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi and viral pathogens.

79. STUDIES ON KINETICS OF PHOSPHATE UPTAKE BY BLUE-GREEN ALGAE

R. Murali, V. V. Subramanian1, and V. Sivasubramanian2

Vivekananda Institute of Algal Technology (VIAT), R.K.M. Vivekananda College,Chennai-600 004, India. e-mail: 1vsivasubramanian@gmail.com;2vavesu@gmail.com

Cylindrospermum sp. collected from Chennai and Nostoc sp. collected fromThandurai, near Chennai, the two fresh water filamentous blue-green algae, weremade unialgal and used for the present study. Investigations on the growth,kinetics of PO

4 uptake, effect of PO

4 on growth, uptake of PO

4, and photosynthesis

were carried out. Uptake of PO4 followed Michaelis-Menton Kinetics in both the

algae. Cylindrospermum sp. showed biphasic kinetics by changing its uptakekinetics in higher PO

4 concentration and it is well suited as a phycoremediation

organism for PO4 removal from wastewaters and effluents. Nostoc sp. showed

only a simple kinetics and very low Ks (high affinity) for PO4 and it is well suitedfor nutrient poor waters. PO

4 uptake was very low in dark. Higher uptake rates

were observed in lower light intensities (0.05 k lux) in both the blue-green algae.Na+ seems to enhance growth of blue-green algae along with PO4. Na+ is alsorequired for the uptake of PO

4. In the absence of Na+, PO

4 uptake was very low in

blue-green algae studied.

80. FOOD CHAIN OF THE MIGRETORY BIRDS AT JAYAKWADI BIRD SANCTUARYOF MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

S.D. Andhale and P.B. PapdiwalDepartment of Botany, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University,

Aurangabad- 431 004, India

Jayakwadi project is constructed on Godavari River in Maharashtra State of

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E India at Paithan, about 50 kms away from Aurangabad. The water body, called as“Nathsagar”, is about 55 km in length and 27 km in width. Thousands of birdsbelonging to 215 species; including herbivorous, carnivorous as well as omnivorousbirds, visit this water body every year during winter.

The aquatic flora and fauna of the water body is used as food by themigratory birds. The water body is reported to have 67 species of fishes, some ofwhich must be consumed as food by the migratory carnivorous and omnivorousbirds. Some of these fishes are herbivorous; some are carnivorous, while few areomnivorous. The herbivorous fishes feed on the aquatic vegetation of the waterbody, while the carnivorous fishes feed on these herbivorous fishes and otheraquatic animals.

The herbivorous birds utilize the aquatic vegetation, while the carnivorousbirds use the fishes as their food, present in the water body. Therefore, it isinferred that the aquatic vegetation is the primary producer of the sanctuary.Therefore, a survey of the aquatic vegetation of the water body was undertaken atfour locations during the years 2005-2008. It was observed that 215 species ofalgae, 2 species of pteridophytes and 17 species of angiosperms in the water body.The algal species observed include 89 spp. of Chlorophyceae, 79 spp. ofBacillariophyceae and 47 spp. of Cyanophyceae. The Chlorophycean species werebelonging to 20 genera viz. Hydrodictyon, Pediastrum, Sorastrum, Oocystis,Selenastrum, Ankistrodesmus, Actinastrum,Coelastrum, Scenedesmus, Schizomeris,Oedogonium, Mougeotia, Zygnemopsis, Spirogyra, Closterium, Euastrum,Cosmarium, Staurastrum, Nitella and Chara. The species of Bacillariophyceae werebelonging to 16 genera viz. Fragillaria, Lichmophora, Synedra, Achnanthes,Navicula, Anomoeoneis, Stauroneis, Neidium, Calonies, Pinnularia, Mastogloia,Gyrosigma, Gomphonema, Cymbella, Nitzischia and Surirella. The Cyanophyceanspecies observed were belonging to 10 genera viz. Microcystis, Chroococcus,Gloeocapsa, Aphanocapsa, Merismopedia, Arthrospira, Spirulina, Oscillatoria,Lyngbya and Anabaena.

The food chain of the migratory birds has been presented in this paper,on the basis of the data of aquatic vegetation of the water body.

81. EFFECT OF DIETHYL SULPHATE ON GROWTH AND PIGMENTS OFSPIRULINA PLATENSIS

Manoj Kumar1 and G.P. Singh2

Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 0041 jyoti.kulshreshtha@gmail.com 2 singh-gaiendrapal@uniraj.ernet.in

Diethyl sulphate is an alkylating agent that transfers alkyl groups tobiologically important macromolecules like DNA. In order to find out effect of DES

62 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

Eon growth and biopigments of Spirulina platensis, the cultures were treated withthe various concentration of DES (0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01% and 0.1%) for 1 hr. 2hr. and 4 hr. duration. The growth of cultures were followed through opticaldensity, cell count and pigment estimation (estimation of Chlorophyll a,carotenoids and phycobiliproteins). All the four concentrations tried during thepresent study showed varied degrees of damage and decreased growth andpigment contents in all the durations of mutagen exposure. In all of theconcentrations, 0.1 % was found to be most effective and the least effective were0.0001 % concentration in all of the durations of exposure.The survival of culturesamong different treatment times under each individual concentration of DES usedalso decreased from shorter (1 hr.) to longer treatment time (4 hr.). Thecombination of longer treatment time with higher concentration of DES applied tothe cultures of S. platensis was found to be the most effective dose.

82. GROWTH AND PIGMENT PROFILE OF SPIRULINA PLATENSIS ISOLATED FROMRAJASTHAN

Jyoti Kulshreshtha1 and G.P. Singh2

Algal Biotechnology LaboratoryDepartment of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur - 302004

1 jvoti.kulshreshtha@gmail.com 2singh-gajendrapal@uniraj.ernet.in

Spirulina platensis is one of the most prominent microalgae for theextraction of valuable pigments such as β-carotene, phycocyanin etc. In order toselect a strain of S. platensis with high biomass and biopigments producing abilitytwo different isolates i.e. Amber and Jalmahal isolates, were analyzedbiochemically and compared for their growth and biopigments. The maximumgrowth with high biopigment contents were shown by cultures of Jal-mahal isolateS. platensis followed by Amber isolate S. platensis cultures. Chlorophyll-a contentand other accessory pigments of the algae also correlates with the growth ofS.platensis isolates and were also found maximum in Jal-mahal isolate cultures.Jal-mahal isolate S. platensis were found to have high growth and biopigments(Chlorophyll-a, Carotenoids and Phycobiliprotein i.e. phycocyanin, phycoerythrin,and allophycocyanin) concentration in comparision to Amber isolate S.platensis.

83. ISOLATION OF BLUE GREEN ALGAE FROM CROP FIELDS OF PRAVARANAGARAREA OF AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT (MAHARASHTRA)

A.A. Aher and A.D. AherDepartment of Botany, P.V.P.College, Pravaranagar.Tal- Rahata, Dist. - Ahmednagar.

A total 15 soil samples were collected from different crop fields of

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E Pravaranagar area of Ahmednagar district (Maharashtra). Nine species wereisolated from enrichment cultures. Isolated forms were identified with the help ofmonograph of Desikachary (1959). Nostoc and Anabaena were dominant in studyarea.

84. EFFECT OF ALGAL EXTRACT ON MYCELIAL GROWTH OF CURVULARIA LUNATA

V.S. Patil and S.D. Pingle1

Department of Botany, A.S.C. College, Rahata, Tal-Rahata, Dist.-Ahmednagar (Maharashtra.)1K.J.S. College, Kopargaon. e-mail:varshabot@vahoo.com

In the present investigation three algal samples i.e. Chara zeylanica,Enteromorpha sp. and Cladophora sp. Collected from different fresh water bodiesof Ahmednagar district (Maharashtra.) were used to study their effect on mycelialgrowth of Curvularia lunata. From the obtained results it is clearly seen that thesealgal species have antifungal activity against Curvularia lunata.

85. EFFECT OF MICROALGAL FEED ON THE LARVAL GROWTH OF PENAEUS INDICUS

K. Geetha and P. Maria CharlesDepartment of Zoolgy, Presidency College (Autonomous), Chennai- 600005, India

Growth and survival rate of the zoea larva of Penaeus indicus fed withthree microalgae namely Skeletonema sp., Chaetoceros sp., and Spirulina sp., ispresented. The maximum growth and survival rate of the larva fed with Spirulinasp. of this experiment observed is 2.98mm TL and 96% survival respectively at theend of zoea stage. The larva fed with Chaetoceros sp., the highest mean TL of2.71mm and survival rate 94.6% are observed. Similarly, the larva fed withSkeletonema sp., of this experiment noticed is 2.69mm TL and 94% survivalrespectively. The result of the present investigation infers that among the threemicroalgae, Spirulina sp., fed larva shows the maximum growth and highestsurvival rate followed by Chaetoceros sp. and Skeletonema sp.

86. A STUDY ON THE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF SOME MARINE ALGAL EXTRACTSON MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE

K. Maya Subramoni, K. Satheesh Kumar, P. Jacob Rony and Jincy P.AbrahamCentre for Algal Biotechnology, Mar Athanasios College for Advanced Studies,

Tiruvalla - 6891 01, India

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of secretedtransmembrane enzymes that are capable of digesting extra cellular matrix (ECM).

64 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

EMMP inhibitors have been identified to have potential therapeutic value forchronic inflammatory conditions, such as in arthritis. During the present workgelatin digestion assay and gelatin zymography were carried out to screen marinealgae of south west coast of India, to evaluate their potential as antiarthriticcandidates. The results indicate that many of the commonly occurring algae areMMI- inhibitors. The findings are of considerable significance if future studies coulddemonstrate that a single active component purified from the active algal extractscan inhibit MMP activity and reduce the incidence of excessive degradation ofECM.

87. STUDIES ON SEASONAL VARIATION IN BIOCHEMICAL AND ELEMENTALCOMPOSITION OF KAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII (DOTY) DOTY CULTIVATED IN

KERALA COAST

Jincy P.Abraham, Maya Subramoni and Rony P. JacobCentre for Algal Biotechnology, Mar Athanasios College for Advanced Studies

Tiruvalla-689 101, India

The industrially important carrageenophyte Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty)Doty occurs naturally along Southeast Asia and today it is widely cultivated inIndia. The marine red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii is economically important. TheKappaphycus samples collected seasonally from cultivation sites at Thankasseryharbor, Kollam, Kerala were analyzed to determine the seasonal nutritional andelemental composition. The present analyses reveal that the alga is high in protein,carbohydrate, many of the essential elements and low in lipids. The study alsothrows light on the concentration of heavy metals like mercury, lead and arsenic inthe plant. Results of this study suggest the utility of K.alvarezii for variousnutritional products. The present study was undertaken to create a nutritional datafor consumption and industries.

88. TAPPING THE UNEXPLOITED ALGAL RESOURCES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OFSILVER NANO PARTICLES

S. Murugesan1, R. Dhamotharan, P.Murugakoothan2 and T.S. Subha3

PG and Research Department of Plant Biology and Plant BiotechnologyPresidency College, Chennai 600 005. e.mail: smurugesan5@gmail.com

1PG and Research Dept of Plant Biology and Plant BiotechnologyUnit of Algal Biotechnology and Nano Technology, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai 600030

2PG and Research Department of Physics, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai 600 0303Department of Botany, Bharathi Women’s College, Chennai 600108

A novel biological method for the synthesis of silver nano particles usingthe algae Gracilaria edulis, Sargassum swartzii is reported. Biosynthesis of--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E nanoparticles by algal extracts is currently under exploitation. On challenging, thealgae Gracilaria edulis, Sargassum swartzii and aqueous AgNO3 (1mM) solutionchanged from yellowish green to brown, the final colour appeared gradually withtime. The entire reaction mixture turned to brown colour after 2 hrs of reactionand exhibits an absorbance peak around 411 nm is the characteristic of Ag nanoparticle, its surface plasmon absorbance and due to different shapes of sphericalor roughly spherical Ag nanoparticles. The bioreduction behaviour of various algalextracts such as Gracilaria edulis, Sargassum swartzii in the synthesis of silvernano particles was investigated employing UV/visible spectrophotometry, XRD (X-ray diffraction) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy). Sargassum swartziiwas found to exhibit strong potential for rapid reduction of silver ions. It wasobserved that there is no correlation always between the colour development andthe increase in absorbance exhibited by the nano metal synthesised. As apreliminary work we screened the following algae: Gracilaria edulis, Sargassumswartzii and systematic comparative study were carried out to investigate theirefficiency to reduce silver ions as well as the formation of silver nanoparticles.

89. STUDIES OF ALGAL FLORA OF JAYAKWADI WETLAND (M.S.)

S.D. Pingle1 and Kadu Vishnu Annasaheb1 KJ.Somaiya College Kopargaon

Taluka : Kopargaon,District Ahmednagar Maharashtra, 423 60I

Jijamata College of Science and ArtsDnyaneshwarnagar, Bhende (Bk)

Godavari is considered the “Ganges of deccan” with fertile lands on itsbanks. It serves as source of water and plays an important role in improving socio-economic life of the population residing on its banks. Jayakwadi dam one of suchbold schemes conceived for irrigation of about 2,78,000 hectares of land. A damnear holy town Paithan is constructed on Godavari River to impound 2909 m.cumof water. Two canals emerging from either bank cater water for irrigation to thecommand area from Aurangabad, Jalana, Parbhani, Ahmednagar and BeedDistricts.

The algal flora of Maharashtra was studied by number of workers in lastfour to five decades, so far no one had paid attention to study freshwater algae ofJayakwadi dam. Planktonic and epiphytic algae from four different collection sitesof the dam was done over a period of one year. Identification was carried out byreferring standard literature. More than 100 species belonging to ChlorophyceaeCyanophyceae and Bacillariophyceae are recorded.

66 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E90. PHYCOLOGICAL STUDY OF JUNNAR TALUKA, DISTRICT PUNE (M.S.)

S. D. Pingle1, R. N. Tagad2 and R. H. Bhoge3

1K. J. Somaiya College, KopargaonDist- Ahmednagar, Maharashtra.

2Department of BotanyHon. Balasaheb Jadhav Arts, Commerce and Science College

Ale, Tal- Junnar,Dist- Pune, Ale-412411

3Hindmata Junior College, Vadgaon (Kandali),Tal- Junnar, Dist- Pune, Vadgaon 412412.

The Junnar Taluka in Pune District is situated in between 73° 38' - 74° 20'Eastern latitude on the northern part of Deccan Plateau and composed ofundulating hills. The algal flora of Junnar taluka was studied over a period of oneand half year. Present work has revealed that occurrence of 101 species in 4classes, 7 orders, 13 families and 27 genera. Class Myxophyceae consists of 2orders, 3 families, 10 genera and 36 species. Class Chlorophyceae consists of 2orders, 5 families, 6 genera, 17 species and 3 varieties. Class Euglenophyceaeconsists of 1 order, 1 family, 2 genera, 13 species and 1 variety. ClassBacillariophyceae consists of 2 orders, 4 families, 9 genera, 40 species and 2varieties. Out of these 4 classes Bacillariophyceae with 40 species Myxophyceaewith 36 species, Chlorophyceae with 17 species, Euglenophyceae with 13 speciesrepresent the algal flora.

91. UTILIZATION OF MICROALGAE (CHLORELLA SP.) FOR WASTE WATERTREATMENT

M. Umadevi, P. Papitha, J. Franklin and Samuel Paul RajSchool of Energy, Environment & Natural Resources

Madurai Kamaraj UniversityMadurai - 21

In an attempt to develop and evaluate a feasible system for waste watertreatment, nutrient removal by microalgae was estimated. The untreated wastewater samples were collected from main sewage drains. Collected water sampleswere analyzed for pH, EC, chloride, sulphate, calcium, sodium. potassium,phosphorus and nitrogen. The concentration of essential nutrients like macro andmicro nutrients varied greatly in sample. The amount of nutrient uptake bychlorella sp. from the waste water was studied at regular intervals. Significantquantities of major nutrients were removed from the waste water. The micro algalbiomass was fed to fishes and their growth was evaluated. Hence micro algae canbe considered as a suitable option for waste water treatment.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 92. CHARACTERIZATION OF PEROXIDASE FROM TWO GREEN MARINE MACROALGAE OF SAURASHTRA COAST

Rohan V. Pandya and Vrinda S. ThakarCetre for Advanced Studies in Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (CPBGE)

Department of BiosciencesSaurashtra University

Rajkot-360 005e-mail: casprogramme@gmail.com

Telex: +91 281 258 6419; Cell: +91 98254 73703

The marine algae Caulerpa racemosa and Enteromorpha spp. are thedomiant Chlorophyceae species of the Saurashtra coast, India. Caulerpa isimportant for its pigment caulerpin whereas Enteromorpha sp. is a protein richedible marine alga. Because of importance of these algae as indicator of marineenvironment stress and pollution measurement; an enzymatic test based onperoxidase may be a sensitive marker for same. The algae were collected fromupper tidal level and peroxidase activity has been evaluated by varying differentparameters i.e. enzyme concentrations, substrate concentrations, H

2O

2 and co-

factor concentrations etc. Enzyme characterization based on these parameters isdiscussed.

93. MARINE ALGAE (SEAWEED) ANTIOXIDANTS - NOVEL NATURAL INGREDIENTSFOR HUMAN HEALTH

R.Mary JosphineDepartment of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology

Nirmala College for Women, RedfieldsCoimbatore

Marine algae (seaweeds) accumulate high concentrations of proteins,vitamins and sulfated polysaccharides, carotenoids such as β-carotene, astaxanthinand canthaxanthin, etc. Natural algal extracts of 9-cis beta-carotene are shown tohave a higher antioxidant potency compared to synthetic all-trans beta-carotenewith in vitro experiments. Several of these unique compounds have shownpharmacological activities for many of the deadly diseases like cancer, AIDS,diabetes, arthritis, etc. Rrecent studies reveal that marine algae form a novel andimportant sources of antioxidant. A diet with a high content and wide variety ofantioxidant nutrients appears to offer some health advantages. Pigments,phytochemicals, vitamins, and trace elements from algae can help boost

68 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

Ethe human body’s antioxidant defenses. Marine antioxidant research is not yetfully explored. There are very few reports on the antioxidant capacity ofalgae. Marine algae that have been used as sources of antioxidants includeblue-green, red, brown, green and microalgae such as Spirulina, Chlorella,Dunaliella salina, Haematococcus pluluvialis, Grateloupia filicina, Dendrodoagrossularia, Nannochloropsis, Sargassum boveanum, Cystoseira sp., Caulerpafilicina, Fucus spiralis, Ecklonia cava, Padina tetrastromatica, Stoechospermummarginatum.

94. UNEARTHED POWER AND FOOD VALUES OF ALGAE

R.Mary JosphineDepartment of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology

Nirmala College for WomenRedfields, Coimbatore

Algae (Latin “seaweeds”, singular Alga) are a large and diverse group ofsimple, typically autotrophic organisms, ranging from unicellular to multi cellularforms. Since ancient times, coastal populations have used marine plants as food,as soil fertilizer, as fuel, as fodder for animals. Traces of algae found in ashes ofprehistoric fire places allow us to think that algae were used in very early times asfood stuff. Algae have been eaten by man for centuries, but scientists have onlyrecently focused on its nutritional potential. Naturally growing seaweeds are animportant source of food, especially in Asia. They provide many vitamins includingA, B1, B2, B6, niacin and C, and are rich in iodine, potassium, iron, magnesium andcalcium. The algae used as food products are mainly perceived as health foodowing to their high vitamin content, low lipid content, and high trace elementcontent.

Algae are national foods of many nations. China consumes more than 70species, Japan over 20 species, Ireland, dulse; Chile, cochayuyo. Laver is used tomake “laver bread” in the British Isles; in Korea, gim; in Japan, nori and aonori. Itis also used along the west coast of North America from California to BritishColumbia. In Hawaii and by the Maoris of New Zealand, Sea lettuce andbadderlocks are a salad ingredient in Scotland, Ireland, Greenland and Iceland.Unlike countries in South East Asia where algae are widely consumed, Europe is avery small consumer.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 95. STUDIES ON THE MICRO ALGA CHLOROCOCCUM HUMICOLA FOR THEESTABLISHMENT OF ITS POTENTIAL IN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

K. Gurukasi Rajan1, K. Dhandayuthapani1, M, Muthukumaran,V.V. Subramanian and V. Sivasubramanian

Vivekananda Institute of Algal Technology (VIAT)R.K.M. Vivekananda College. Chennai 600004, India

1Department of Biotechnology, Sree Sastha Institute of Engg. and Tech.Chennai 602103, India

Chlorococcum humicola employed in treatment of industrial effluents has avery high potential of displacing fossil fuels in the near future if technicaladvancements are done in the field of phycoremediation. The alga producessaturated lipids which are mostly sought after for biodiesel preparations. Thepercentage of oil may be low and of great concern but the cost for producing thatoil is almost negligible considering the environment and its protection.

96. PHYTOPLANKTON OF RIVER TISTA, WEST BENGAL, INDIA

Banani Mannal, Ranjan K. Manna2 and B. C. Jha3

1Bidhannagar Govt. High School. Salt Lake City. Kolkata -100064. India2Regional Centre of CIFRI, HOUSEFED Complex, Dispur, Gowahad -181006,Jndia 3Central

inland Fisheries Research Institute. Barrackpore. Kolkata -700 120. India

River Tista after originating from Chitamu Lake in the Sikkim Himalayastravels about 200 km in India before it enters Bangladesh. It is a fast flowing river(flow 70-170 cm/Sec) as flowing in mountain terrains. The river portrays nearpristine condition in absence of any appreciable load of pollution as it drainsthrough a thinly populated terrain of Darjeeling hills. The river, however, receivescity sewage from certain small towns located along its course, which invariablygets washed way due to fast current velocity.

Phytoplankton and periphytic algae are known as one of the finest bio-indicators of the ecosystem health. Information on the ecology and dynamics ofalgae from Tista river (26o31.022’N, 88o44.480’E) are not available. In the backdropof this information gap the present investigation was planned wherein theabundance and diversity of algae was investigated on seasonal basis viz. post-monsoon (Sep-Nov), winter (Dec-Feb) pre-monsoon (Mar-May) and monsoon (Jun-Aug) over the period 2005-07. The contribution of phytoplankton to the planktonpopulation has been estimated in the range of 80-95% while the populationdensity observed varying between 56 and 225 u/l. Relatively, high density wasrecorded during winter followed by post-monsoon, summer and monsoon. Thetexture of phytoplankton revealed the greater dominance of diatoms (65-71%)

70 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

Efollowed by blue greens (32-37%), green algae (23.30%), yellow green algae (12-15%) and Dinophyceae (4-6%). During the course of the present study a total of65 species of phytoplankton with greater dominance of diatoms could be recordedand documented.

During the course of the present investigation core limno-chemicalparameters of water were also analyzed simultaneously to understand correlatetheir impact on the abundance and distribution of phytoplankton communities inthe river. Water temperature found ranging between 29.2 and 26.9oC (sv.23.3oC).Barring winter, Tista water remained almost turbid due to silt-load, affecting thecolonization of phytoplankton adversely. The ambient water of Tista showed nearneutral (6.3-7.9) pH with moderate specified conductivity (53-106 µS/cm). Thedissolved oxygen (7.0-9.4 mg/l) was always high, which may be attributed to itsfast flowing nature. Availability of Free CO2 (1.7-3.1 mg/l) throughout the yearwas supportive of low density of phytoplankton. Total alkalinity and total hardnessvalues were generally low, varying in the ranges of 25.2-45.1 mg/l and 22.0-41.6mg/l, respectively. Low chloride values (4.3-8.8 mg/l)indicated absence of anypollution in the river. Among nutrients, PO4

3- values were low (0.01-0.06 mg/l)while NO3 (0.001-0.38 mg/l) and SiO

32- (2.6-5.2 mg/l) indicated moderate values.

97. BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF MICRO ALGA, DESMOCOCCUS OLIVIACEUS,EMPLOYED FOR REMEDIATION OF CHROME SLUDGE FROM AN

ELECTROPLATING INDUSTRY

M. Bharanidharan, M. Muthukumaran, P. Sumathi1, V.V. Subramanian andV. Sivasubramanian

Vivekananda Institute of Algal Technology (VIAT)R.K.M. Vivekananda College, Chennai- 600 004, India

1Department or BiochemistrySRM Arts and Science CollegeKattankulathur- 603 203. India

Desmococcus olivaceus obtained from culture collection or VivekanandaInstitute of Algal technology (VIAT), Chennai, was employed in the presentinvestigation. Biochemical profile of this micro alga grown in lab as well as in thefield tank for treating chrome sludge from an electroplating industry was studied.Biochemical parameters like pigments, protein, carbohydrate, lipids, fatty acids.amino acids, vitamins, minerals and trace elements were analyzed and compared.The possibility of utilizing the biomass for extracting various useful blo-chemicals isdiscussed.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E 98. AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CHAETOMORPHA LINUM PROTECTS RAT LIVERKIDNEY & HEART AGAINST CCL INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS

J. Pradhan1, P. Rautray2, P.Mishra2, L. Samanta1,2 & S.P. Adhikary1,3

1Department of Biotechnology,2Department of Zoology and

3Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar-751004, India.

A large number of pathophysiological conditions in man have beenattributed to oxidative stress. Antioxidants play a preventive role in managementof oxidative injuries. Seaweeds have been traditionally used as food in the Far Eastand have been used in folk medicine. The present study aims at evaluating thepotential antioxidative properties of Chaetomorpha linum against CCl

4 induced

oxidative stress. Aqueous extract (5% w/v) of Chaetomorpha linum was preparedand allowed to stand at 4oC for three days. The homogenate was centrifuged at10000 g for 10 mins and resultant supernatant was lyophilized and used astreatment material. Four groups, each comprising of 5 adult (4 months old) femaleWistar rats weighing 125.150 g were used as the experimental model. Group 1was taken as negative control (without CCl

4) and group II as positive control (with

CCl4). Group III and IV were fed with 100 mg kg-1 of the prepared extract for 10

days. 48 hours prior to the sacrifice, animals of group II and IV were orallyadministered with CCl

4 (1ml. kg-1). At the termination of the experimental

schedule, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation and kidney, liver and hearttissues were collected. Lipid peroxidation and activities of two front lineantioxidant enzymes namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase wereassayed in the tissue homogenates after specific preparations. Experimentalfindings indicated a sharp fall in CCl

4 induced tissue peroxidation level in all the

three tissues under investigation which were pretreated with the Chaetomorphaextract. The activity of SOD was reduced to almost 50% in response to CCl

4

treatment group II which was brought back to its basal level when treated withthe extract in all the three tissues, suggesting a positive induction of SOD by theextract. However, there was no change in any of these parameters when the animalswere treated with the extract alone. The results of the present investigationsuggest a potential antioxidative property to be used as a feed supplement.

99. EFFICACY OF REGION SPECIFIC RHIZOBIUM (PGPR) AND CONSORTIUMWITH SEAWEED LIQUID FERTILIZERS (SLF) ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD

OF LEGUMINOUS CROPSS. K. Sethi and S. P. Adhikary

P. G. Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar

Cropping in low fertility soils especially those poor in nitrogen contributes

72 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

Egreatly to the lower yield and therefore the benefits of biological nitrogenliberation must be intensively explored to increase yields at a low cost. Hence,systems capable of fixing nitrogen will exploit the environment less and may evencontribute positively. Such systems appear to be symbiosis or loose associations ofthe host plants with various diazotrophs. Hence search for bioorganic inputs forsustainable crop productivity has been emphasized. Rhizobium is the gram negativebacterium having nitrogen fixation ability by the symbiotic association with hostplants. Marine algae popularly known as seaweeds are important marine livingresources their liquid extracts called Seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) and theseextracts have been found to increase the growth and yield attributes of crops. Wereport here the effect of Rhizobium with consortium with SLF on vegetativegrowth and yield of two leguminous crops viz. Arachis hypogea and Vigna mungocrops.

The effect of Rhizobium with consortium of SLF on vegetative growth andyield of Arachis hypogea and Vigna mungo. Field trials conducted on the effect ofregion specific Rhizobium strains with consortium of SLF on A. hypogea and Vignamungo during 2007. Inoculation of region as well as crop specific Rhizobium strainsalone and Rhizobium consortium with SLF increased plant biomass, nodule number,height of plant, leaf number and flower number. Growth and yield was increasedsignificantly with application of Rhizobium consortium with SLF as seed treatment.The yield of Vigna mungo crop with treatment of Rhizobium alone increased to27.5%. in case of SLF alone treatment increase 25% and consortium of both SLFand Rhizobium treatment increases 31% respectively over control. In case ofArachis hypogea the yield of crop with treatment of Rhizobium alone increased to12.6%, incase of SLF alone treatment increase 9.7% and consortium of both SLFand Rhizobium treatment increases 19.4% respectively, which is significantly higherthan untreated control, the period of flowering and fruiting was shortened inRhizobium consortium with SLF treatment than other treated one. There wassignificant increase in nodule number of plant and it might be that the applicationof SLF enhanced the growth and development of rhizobia present in soil.

100. ASSESSMENT OF AMMONIUM UPTAKE BY MACROALGA GRACILARIAVERRUCOSA IN LABORATORY CONDITION

L. Jagadeesan1, A. Kannathasan, P.Anantharaman and T. BalasubramanianCAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai university,

Parangipettai-608502, Tamil Nadu, India.1e-mail: jaga_143221@yahoo.co.in

Seaweeds are ecologically important and commercially valuable resourcesfor food and other purposes. The river Vellar originates from Shervarayan hills in

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E (Salem district). It runs more than 350 km and forms an estuarine system with Bayof Bengal at Parangipettai (Cudallore district). (Lat. 11o29' N; Long. 79o 46' E). Dueto Anthropogenic activities enormous quantity of ammonium rich effluents areadded in to the estuary; they lead to hyper nutrification and acute toxicity to theanimals in the water column. So effective and sensitive techniques arerequired to remove the pollutants in the water column. The present studyexplains the performance of the ammonia uptake by Gracilaria verrucosa(Rhodophyta) from the 10µM and 30 µM initial concentrations, using multiple flaskmethod. Based on the results, ammonium uptake by seaweed is divided into fourphases. In first phase (within 10 min.) Gracilaria verrucosa uptake was very low0.24µM (5.5%) from 10µM initial conc. and 0.38 µM (4.24 %) in 30µM initial cone.The second phase or uptake phase (20 min. to 1hr) Gracilaria verrucosa uptakemore ammonia 3.3059 µM (65.635 %) from 10µM initial cone. and 12.1796 µM(70.12 %) from 30µM initial cone. Third or Internally controlled phase (from 1hrinto 6hrs) Gracilaria verrucosa uptake was moderate 2.5824 µM (28.12%) in 10µMconc. and 4.222µM (24.42 %) in 30µM conc. Last phase (7-8hrs) Gracilariaverrucosa uptake was very minimal 0.235 µM (0.74%) in 10µM and 0.9051 µM(1.38 %) in 30µM conc. Seaweeds require more nutrients for their growth.Nutrient buffering capacity of seaweeds acts as “Bio-filters”. They remove andtransform the dissolved inorganic nutrients into soluble nitrogen components,these excess nitrogen components are utilized by their immediate growth.The rates of ammonium uptake vary from the nutritional history of theenvironment.

101. COMBINED EFFECT OF IMMOBILIZED CYANOBACTERIA AND UREA ONRICE SEEDLINGS

V. Sashi and Y. IndraniDepartment of Botany

P.S.G.R Krishnammal College for WomenPeelamedu, Coimbatore-641 004

e-mail: sashicbe@yahoo.co.in

Blue green algal biofertilizer has drawn considerable attention on a globalscale for utilization as an efficient and potential organic nitrogen source for ricecrop. In the present study both cell suspensions and immobilized Anabaenavariabilis (Kützing ex Born. et Flash) and Anbaena azollae (Strasburger) have beenselected and the utilization of biologically fixed nitrogen by rice plants has beennoticed here at 2 samplings on 20th day and 40th day. The results obtained werepositive. Cell suspension of Anabaena azollae with urea caused significant increasein growth, chlorophyll content, and nitrate reductase activity and on NPK contenton 20 and 40 day old rice plants.

74 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E102. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME MARINE CYANOBACTERIA OF THESUNDARBANS

Arnab Pramanik1, M. Sundararaman2, Joydeep Mukherjeel

1School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, Indiae-mail: arnabju9@gmail.com

2 National Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria, Bharathidasan University,Tiruchirapalli 620 024, India

The need for new antimicrobials continues to grow because of theevolving resistance of microorganisms to existing drugs, the emergence of newdiseases and the inherent difficulties associated with treating bacterial infections.Natural products have traditionally met the demand for searching novel and usefulbioactive compounds. Cyanobacteria, one of the world’s most ancient inhabitants,have proved to be an extremely valuable source of novel bioactive agents.Cyanobacteria are also present in terrestrial environment but the marine counterpartshould get special attention for unique metabolic pathways they have developedto adapt with their natural habitat. Tropical seas are well known to be areas of highbiological diversity and therefore, logical sites of high chemical diversity but till todayno systematic explorations have been conducted to assess the biotechnologicalapplications of the cyanobacterial biodiversity of tropical Sundarbans. Thispresentation consists of a brief overview of isolation and identification ofantimicrobial compound producing marine cyanobacteria of the Sundarbans.

A total number of 40 marine Cyanobacteria were isolated from marinesediment samples collected from intertidal zone of Sagar Island (21.7236 N88.0702 E). The isolates were grown in ASN-III media at 25°C under continuouslight from fluorescent tubes at an intensity of 200 µ mol photons.m-2 S-I.Methanolic extracts from 40 Cyanobacteria were examined for antimicrobialproperties against two Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 441) andStaphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96) and two Gram--negative bacteria, Escherichia coli(MTCC 739) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424). Of total Cyanobacteria, 11Cyanobacteria exhibited antimicrobial activity. Selected Cyanobacteria with positiveantimicrobial activities were morphologically characterized by phase contrastmicroscope found to be genera of Oscillatoria sp., Phormidium sp., Leptolyngbyasp., and Lyngbya sp.

103. EVALUATION OF MARINE ALGA, GRACILARIA FOLIIFERA FOR ITS NUTRITIVEVALUE

N.Sharma Nanda, Vajpai Aashu, A.Narale Anushri, S.S.Barve, S.L.Dhuri, B.B. SharmaK.E.T’S V.G.Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mulund (East), Mumbai – 81.

Marine algae have been used as a novel food with potential nutritional

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E benefits in industry and medicine.Gracilaria foliifera was collected from the coastof Alibaugh, Maharashtra. The mass cultivation of the said alga was done on threedifferent media- viz., Provasoli’s, Walne’s and F/2 prepared in natural and artificialsea water. The cultures were maintained at a temperature of 20±2oC.The algalmass so obtained was used for the estimation of soluble carbohydrates, proteinsand lipids. Total chlorophyll, total carotenoids and total phenolic compounds werealso determined using thin layer chromatography.

The study reveals that G.foliifera could be considered as a source of foodand natural colorant in food and pharmaceutical industry.

104. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF MARINE MACRO ALGAE FROM THECOAST OF ALIBAUGH

Narale Anushri1, Sharma Nanda, B.B. Sharma and S.S. BarveV.G.Vaze College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Mulund (E), Mumbai 400081

1e-mail : anu.narale@rediffmail.com

Ulva fasciata, a marine green macro alga commonly known as seaweed isvery rich in bioactive compounds with many medicinal properties. To explore itspotential, the methanolic extracts of Ulva fasciata have been investigated for itsAnti-inflammatory effect in comparison with the commercial anti-inflammatorydrug ibuprofen (Brufen). The anti-inflammatory activity is tested by Mice PawEdema method. Different concentrations of the extract administration will enabledetermining the effectiveness of the compounds present in the extract. Thepercentage inhibition has been calculated on the basis of mean values andstatistical analysis is done by Students T- Test and values p>0.05 are consideredsignificant.

105. THE RECOVERY OF MICROALGAL PRODUCTION AND BIOMASS IN A SOUTHAFRICAN TEMPORARILY-OPEN/CLOSED ESTUARY, FOLLOWING MOUTH BREACHING

Akash Anandraj1, Renzo Perissinotto2, Christian Nozais3, Derek Stretch4

1 Department of Nature Conservation, Mangosuthu University of TechnologySouth Africa, e-mail: akash@mut.ac.za

2 School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalG Campbell Building, Howard College Campus, Durban, 4041, South Africa

3 Département de biologie et centre d’études nordiques, Université du Québec àRimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski (Québec), Canada, G5L 3A1

4 School of Civil Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa

Mouth breaching is a recurrent event in temporarily open/closed estuaries(TOCEs). Such disturbances results in flushing and sediment scouring, reducing the

76 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

Emicroalgal biomass stock. The depletion of these microalgae may have negativerepercussions in the form of depleted stocks of commercial fish, game fish,crustaceans, and mollusks. The aim of this investigation was therefore: (1) tomonitor the recovery of microalgal biomass and production following a breachingevent; and (2) to determine the key environmental parameters influencing primaryproduction during the open and recovery phase. Phytoplankton and benthicmicroalgal production was measured (14C uptake method) successively during theclosed, open and recovery phases of the Mdloti TOCE (South Africa). Uponbreaching, 94 to 99 % of microalgal biomass was lost through flushing andsediment scouring. A temporary recovery of phytoplankton and benthic microalgalbiomass was observed during the open phase but this was not sustained, becauseof continual flushing and scouring of the sediment. During the re-closure (recoveryphase), microalgal biomass immediately increased, reaching pre-breaching levels 35to 40 days following the breaching event. In contrast to biomass, pelagic primaryproduction, reached a maximum level (341 mg C m-2 h-1) during the open phase.This is attributed to a favorable combination of optimum light conditions, highinflux of macronutrients and high water temperatures (33 °C). Similarly, benthic PB

peaked during the open phase (35 mg C mg chl-a-1 h-1). A multivariate analysisshowed that major variations in primary production were mainly controlled bytemperature, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to phosphorus (DIP) molar ratios(water-column and pore-water) and light extinction (K

d), all of which are regulated

by the state of the mouth.

106. POPULATION DYNAMICS OF CYANOBACTERIA FLORA OF KUMAON REGIONOF UTTARAKHAND

Anjali Khare and Mukesh Kumar1

Department of Botany, Advance Institute of Science & Technology,179-Kalidas Road Dehra Dun

1Department of Botany, Sahu Jain P. G. College, Najibabad-246763

Cyanobacteria are a group of prokaryotes that possess a higher plant-typeoxygenic photosynthesis. In addition to being a key player in aquatic productivity,several of these organisms are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen either asfree-living organisms or in symbiotic forms with many other species includingprotists, animals and plants. They use the enzyme nitrogenase to reduceatmospheric nitrogen into ammonium ions (NH

4+), which they make available for

aquatic eukaryotic phytoplanktons as well as higher plants. The agriculturalpotential of Cyanobacteria has been recognized as a biological fertilizer for wetsoils such as in rice paddies. Cyanobacteria are cosmopolitan and must possess ahigh potential of adaptation to diverse environmental factors.

The autotrophic (auto = self, tropho = nourishment, Greek) Cyanobacteria--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E were once classified as “blue green algae” because of their superficial resemblanceto eukaryotic green algae. Although, both groups are photosynthetic, they are onlydistantly related: Cyanobacteria lack internal organelles, a discrete nucleus and thehistone proteins associated with eukaryotic chromosomes. Like all eubacteria, theircell walls contain peptidoglycan. Cyanobacteria may be single-celled or colonial.Depending upon the species and environmental conditions, colonies may formfilaments, sheets or even hollow balls. The present communication deals with thepopulation dynamics of Cyanobacteria in the Sub-Himalayan Belt of KumaonRegion. The observations reveal that all in all 170 BGA species of 38 genera from11 families belonging to 04 orders growing in various habitats have been reportedfrom this region.

107. CHARACTERIZATION OF USEFUL CYANOBACTERIA

G.L. Tiwari, Richa Tandon and V.K.DwivediDepartment of Botany, University of Allahabad,

Allahabad 211 002, IndiaE-mail: gltalgae@rediffmail.com

Cyanobacteria are well known for their economic importance. In thepresent study certain Cyanobacteria have been recognized for their usefulexploitation. They are segregated in following categories (i) Macro coloniesproducing forms: They include Aphanothece stagnina, Nostoc microscopicum,Nostoc commune, Gloeotrichia ghosei, Nostochopsis lobatus (ii) Phycobilin richforms: Phormidium spp., Nostoc spp., Calothix spp., Anabaena spp. (iii) Mucilagerich forms: Aphanothece spp., Gloeothece spp., Nostoc spp. (iv) Scytonemin richforms: Aphanothece spp., Gloeothece spp., Petalonema spp., Tolypothrix spp.,Scytonema spp. It is emphasized that many of these forms need to be conservednot only in germ plasms but also in their natural habitats.

108. ALGAE AND COLORATION IN ORNAMENTAL FISHES: AN OVERVIEW

Jayashree Rout1 and Saroj K. Swain2

1Department of Ecology & Environmental Sciences,Assam University,Silchar 788011, India, routjaya @rediffmail.com

2Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture,Kaushalyaganga,Bhubaneswar,Orissa, India

Indian waters possess a rich diversity of ornamental fishes with over 100indigenous varieties. Besides aesthetic pleasure, it offers great scope andpossibilities for commercial production and export. The North Eastern statesaccount for about 85% freshwater ornamental fish export of India. A few bred

78 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

Evarieties of exotic species (15%) are also exported. Attractive colouration is thedetermining factor for the commercial value of ornamental fishes.Dietary sourcesof pigments play a significant role in colouration of such fishes.Though fishes arecapable of producing some black and brown pigments (melanocytes), carotenoidsand xanthophylls responsible for yellow, red, green, orange and blue colourationmust be supplied through diet.Among a large variety of natural colour enhancers,algae such as Chlorella, Spirulina and Haematococcus etc. has attaracted lot ofattention as possess a rich diversity of ornamental fishes with 100 indigenousvarieties. Besides aesthetic pleasure, it offers great scope and possibilities forcommercial production and export. The North- Eastern a source forcarotenoids.Despite some reports on effect of algal supplemented diet onpigmentation of ornamental fishes, this aspect has not yet been systemsticallyaddressed. Biotechnologically formulated algal products have been used as goodmodels for colour enhancements. The North Eastern part of India is endowed withrich variety of both ornamental fishes and algal diversity that remains virtuallyunexploited. An overview of ornamental fishes with regards to algal feed, scopeand prospects with special reference to NE India.

109. EPIPHYTIC CYANOBACTERIAL DIVERSITY OF THE SUB-HIMALAYAN BELTOF UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Mukesh Kumar and G. K. Sharma1

Department of Botany, Sahu Jain College, Najibabad-246763 (U.P.)1Department of Botany, Hindu College, Moradabad-244001 (U.P.)

Cyanobacteria, is an important component of soil microflora. It helps inretaining soil moisture and maintaining soil fertility. They constitute the largest,most diverse and widely distributed group of prokaryotes that perform oxygenicphotosynthesis. A number of taxa are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen.Cyanobacteria are important component of moist soils and rocks, especially inflooded rice fields and rocks with seepage of water. Cyanobacteria are known tohave a diverse flora of morphologically distinct forms. Some species are howeverepiphytic occurring on a variety of plants. The present investigation has beencarried out to study the population dynamics of epiphytic cyanobacterial flora ofthe foot-hills of Himalaya. An extensive survey was carried out in different seasonsof the year 2002, at five Cyanobacteria rich localities of Uttarakhand state of Indiai.e. Haldwani, Dakpatthar, Kotdwar, Rishikesh and Laldhang.

A total of 42 epiphytic cyanobacterial taxa belonging to three orders,seven families and 21 genera were recorded from this region. Highest number (25)was reported from Rishikesh and lowest (8) from Haldwani. Microcystis andChroococcus followed by Lyngbya and Calothrix (4) are best representative of the

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E region. Other genera include Aphanocapsa (1), Synechocystis (1), Merismopedia (1),Xenococcus (1), Spirulina (2), Oscillatoria (2), Phormidium (2), Aulosira (2),Scytonema (1), Microchaete (2), Rivularia (1) and Gloeotrichia (2).

110. ROLE OF CYANOBACTERIA IN BIOREMEDIATION

Rajan Kumar Gupta1 and Mukesh Kumar2

1Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture, Department of BotanyPt. L.M.S. Govt. P.G. College, Rishikesh, (Dehradun), Uttarakhand, India

2Department of Botany, Sahu Jain College, Najibabad, Uttar Pradesh, Indiae-mail: rajankgupta1@rediffmail.com

Heavy metals (e.g. Cd, Hg, Ag, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn) constitute toxic, non-biodegradable, persistent and biomagnifiable environmental pollutants whichadversely affect all life forms. They refer to the metallic elements with densitygreater than 5 g/cm3 . They are mainly discharged from various mining andindustrial sites, and find way into the food chain and drinking water. Thedetrimental effects of heavy metals results from their action on a number ofcellular and biochemical processes, biomolecules and structures in living organisms,including human beings. They are known to cause several physiological disorders ofhepatic, renal, respiratory, skeletal and gastrointestinal system in humans andanimals. The toxicity of heavy metals depends on their concentration,bioavailability and duration of exposure and chemical forms. The ever-increasingcontamination of aquatic bodies and soil by heavy metals is an issue of seriousconcern and challenge worldwide. The bioremediation of heavy metals fromcontaminated water using various microorganisms, including cyanobaceria havebeen recognized as a cheaper, more effective and an eco-friendly alternative to theconventional physico-chemical remediation methods. Cyanobacteria (Blue-greenalgae) constitute a large and morphologically diverse group of O2-evolvingphotoautotrophic prokaryotes. Owing to their tremendous adaptability andmetabolic versatility, they colonize diverse terrestrial and aquatic habitats, includingextreme and polluted ones. Many species of unicellular and filamentouscyanobacteria possess efficient heavy metal removal capabilities from aqueoussolutions. They produce metal - binding proteins (metallothioneins) and metal -sequestering agents (organic acids, aminoacids and extracellular polysaccarides).The bioremoval of heavy metals by cyanobacteria is mediated by biosorption andbioaccumulation. Cyanobacteria, because of their rapid growth rate, simplegrowth requirements, heavy metal tolerance and amenability to controlledlaboratory culture, are the promising candidates for the removal of heavy metalcontaminants from water.

80 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E111. ALGAL MODULES: THE PORTAL TO SOCIETAL SELF RELIANCE

Richa Pawar Nair and Randhir Singh GajrajAlgae Orphanage Research Initiative, 604, A-3, A-wing, Siddhivinayak Ginger CHS

Near Rakshak Society Chowk, Pimple Saudagar, Aundh Camp, Pune – 411 027

Algae have emerged as remedial entity for numerous shortfall faced bymankind as they are high nutritional stuffing, have inimitable biochemicalpanorama in forms of valuable pharmacy compounds, bioactive ingredients andfeed stock material for biofuels. Still to make their reach more apparent withinvicinity of one and all there is an urgent need of impending and captivating algaeto societal stratum. To realize an algae - people come together, prospect cometrue, an ‘Algal Germplasm Collection’ a niche initiative at grassroots levels hadmade an original commencement at taluka Karjat, district Raigad of Maharashtrastate, by AORI as a first of its kind “Payment cum Royalty” scheme for SHGs toemerge as viable enterprise for now and in future. And in a reach to society, anauxiliary extension of ‘algae to people’ initiative a collaboration of AORI with areputed NGO has begun to accommodate benefits of wonder alga – Spirulina atNaturopathy center’ Uruli kanchan, Pune. Spirulina biomass cultivated by SHGmembers will be made accessible to visiting patients suffering from ailments likeArthritis, Anemia, Diabetes, high cholesterol, cancer, cataract, lessened immunityand the list is endless, under a constant monitoring by qualified doctors to carryout case studies. Many of AORI’s opined projects are in pipeline to extend thebenefits of the algal world to the society so as to improve the socio-economiccum health status of rural India and to help many progresses towards self reliance.The major ones are to design and engineer low cost more viable “Food MicroalgaeProduction” unit (FMP), which can be customized to regional, state level and evennational scale requirements. In a-like lines creation of the “Miniscale AlgalProduction” units (MAP), which can be run independently even by a SHG member,as convenient option of their income cum health upliftment is in progress as afitting demand to rural India enterprise and its overall socio-economic well being.As a further go-ahead to carry on applications of algal research to the society,AORI ably ideates and manifestly intends to assist and provide tech support toalgologist’s, firms, institutions world around in achieving excellence in theirendeavors with algal modules as portal to self reliance and by stirring theapplications of algal research to rural societies.

112. DIATOMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MANSAGAR AND MAWATHA WATERBODIES OF JAIPUR

Meenakshi Singh, Payal Lodha and Gajendra Pal SinghAlgal Biotech Lab., Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur- 302055

Diatoms are well known water planktons. They are microscopic and--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E unicellular plants belonging to Class Bacillariophyceae. Diatoms are autotrophic andcosmopolitan in nature i.e., unique in their abundance and diverse in differentwaters. There are around 174 genera and 10,000 species of diatoms havingdifferent shapes and sizes varying from 1- 500 µm. The aim of the proposed studyis to generate an extensive reference database of diatoms of Mansagar andMawatha water bodies of Jaipur, Rajasthan to design diatomological maps whichare supposed to be of immense help in diagnosis of suspected drowning casesoccurring in these sites. Continuous water monitoring is going on fortnightly toestimate the extent to which diatom diversity is influenced qualitatively as well asquantitatively. For characterization, the water sample would be collected andanalysed for the parameters like atmospheric and water temperature, totaldissolved solids, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, total hardness,biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Data will becomputerized and analysed statistically.

113. SCREENING ALGAL SPECIES FOR CO2 SEQUESTRATION, TOTAL LIPIDS AND

FATTY ACID PRODUCTION

Suvarna S. Adak and Manjushri A. Deodhar1

V.G.Vaze College, Mithaghar road, Mulund(E),Mumbai - 400 081.

1Mob: 9870176411 e-mail: meghdoot_1960@rediffmail.com

Increasing concentration of the green house gases in atmosphere is amatter of great concern. Microalgae not only have the ability to consume moreCO

2 than atmospheric level but such increase up to certain level shows a

significant increase in biomass production. In present communication variousspecies of algae isolated from Konkan region of Maharashtra were screened fortheir ability to sequester CO

2. For this purpose a two liter Airlift bioreactor was

used. Amount of CO2 supplied varied between 0.03%to 30%. Bioreactor was

operated in semi continuous mode by adjusting pH and biomass produced.

Biomass produced was also screened for amount of total lipids produced.Fatty acids were detected on AgNO

3 impregnated silica plates by TLC. Attempts are

being made for identification and quantification of fatty acids.

114. OPTIMIZATION OF PIGMENT EXTRACTION FROM SPIRULINA BIOMASS

P. Prabuthas*, P.P. Srivastav and H.N. Mishra*Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology

Kharagpur - 721 302, India. prabuthas@yahoo.com

Spirulina is well known for its natural pigment phycocyanin, which is an

82 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

Eimportant constituent of its photosynthetic apparatus. Optimization of thisphycocyanin extraction from Spirulina biomass with ultrasound assistance wasperformed. The statistical tool Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was usedwith three independent variables (time of exposure to ultrasound, volume ofsolvent used and sonicator amplitude) with 5 levels each. Two different solventswere used namely, 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.0 and 0.15 M NaCl. Theexperimental design and response analysis were done using Central CompositeRotatable Design (CCRD) with the help of a statistical software design expert 7.0.The optimized results shows that out of two solvents used, 0.15M NaCl gives themaximum yield of phycocyanin of 0.206 mg/mgl, whereas, 10 mM sodiumphosphate buffer solvent yield 0.192 mg/ml. The purity of phycocyanin was alsotested and 10 mM sodium phosphate buffere extracted phycocyanin shows thehighest purity (1.0) when compared with NaCl extracted sample (0.9). Thus thisexperiment gives an easy, fast and optimized method for extraction of phycocyaninusing ultra-sound assistance.

115. CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES AND MARKET FOR ALGAL PRODUCTS

L. V. Venkataraman* and N. BhagyalakshmiPlant Cell Biotechnology Department

Central Food Technological Research Institute(A constituent laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi)

Mysore - 570 020, India*Sudarshana, 236, 8th Cross, Gokulam 3rd Stage

Mysore - 570 002, India

Algal products have long been known for their applications in food andpharmaceutical industries, besides being used directly as biomass for aquaculture.Nevertheless, the recent focus on biofuels and nutraceuticals has shifted algae totrendy biotech research of ‘molecular biology’ and ‘industrial biotechnology’. Thegenes for high rate of photosynthesis, found in algae are being targeted forexpression in commercial crops such as rice and wheat for better yields andcarbon fixation. The present trend of carbon credits, as an index of environmentalperformance, has evoked biotech companies to adopt themselves to algal researchfor pollution monitoring, in addition to the areas of their own interest. Thus onecan expect an upsurge in the market for algal products, and therefore, more fundsare being diverted for research on algal forms, be of fresh water habitats or themarine ones. The current global algal market for bio-fuels is one trillion US Dollars,and that of nutraceuticals is US $ 1.25 - 2.5 billion, both having an annual growthrate of 5%. In addition, algae have long-standing reputations in food and feeds for

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83

8180

ABSTRACTS

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E high protein, invigorator biomolecules, immuno-modulators, therapeuticbiomolecules, bio-colours, non-calorific food fiber, as well as for products ofpyrolysis, soil conditions, and environmental remedy as good solution for longterm storage of carbon. The present review highlights the major algal products,current global trend for their market and future potentials.

84 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Author Index

8180

AUTHOR INDEX

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E

Name Abstract No.

Aashu, Vajpai 103Abhang, A.R. 15Abraham, Jincy P. 86, 87Adak, Suvarna S. 113Adhikary, S.P. 10, 18, 98, 99Aher, A.A. 83Aher, A.D. 83Akila, M.S. 63Altaff, K. 75Anand, N. 68Anandraj, Akash 105Anantharaman, P. 14, 23, 27, 100Andhale, S.B. 80Annasaheb, Kadu Vishnu 89Arcangela Lobo 9Arumugam, R. 14Asir Selin Kumar, R 17, 64, 65Auti, B.K. 15Babu, B. 13Bajpai, Asha 60Balamurugan, K. 48Balasubramanian, T. 23, 27, 100Baluswami, M. 12, 13, 49Barve, S.S. 103,104Bagyalakshmi, N. 115Bharanidharan, M. 97Bhoge, R.H. 90Bhuvaneswari, S., 74Bragadeeswaran, S. 46Chandra, S. 54, 63, 77Charles, P. Maria 85Dandayuthapani, K. 35Dange, Suchita 43Deodhar, Manjushri A. 113De Philippis, Roberto 1Deshmukh, B.S. 70Dhamotharan, R. 73, 74, 76, 78, 88Dhanalakshmi, K. 13Dhandayuthapani, K. 35,48, 96

AUTHOR INDEX

Name Abstract No.

Dhuri, S.L. 103Dwivedi, V.K. 107Elumalai, L.K. 69Elumalai, M. 73Franklin, J. 28, 41, 91Gajraj, Randhir Singh 112Ganesan, K. 46Geetha, K. 85Gore, A.B. 11, 44Goswami, B.C. 52Gunaseeli, B. 66Gupta, Rajan Kumar 110Gurukasi Rajan, K. 97Hanumantha Rao, P 6, 67Harish Chandra 72Hemalatha, A. 14Hemlata 50Himabindu, V. 26Indrani, Y. 56, 101Ismail, S.A. 19Jagadeesan, L. 100Jerlyn Sally, B. 66Jha, B.C. 96Josephine, R.Mary 93, 94Jyoti Kulshreshtha 82Kalaivani, I. 55Kalilta, M.C. 52Kamaleswari, J. 74Kannathasan, A. 100Kapila Manoj 33, 34, 43, 60Karthikaidevi, G. 23Kathiresan, K. 23Kaushik, B.D. 2Kavitha, B 57Kavitha, M.S. 21Khare, Anjali 106Krishnamoorthy, P. 78Krishnamurthy, V. 49Krupanidhi, S. 54, 77

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85

8180

AUTHOR INDEX

CO

NFE

RE

NC

E Name Abstract No.

Kumar, Mukesh 106, 109, 110Kumar, V. Ramesh 53Lakshmanan, A. 32, 40Lakshmi, D. 20Lakshminarayana, K. 47Leebana, D. Melchi 12Leelavathi, C. 63Lodha, Payal 112Madhumathi, M. 71Manikar, Ningthoujam 36Manivannan, K. 27Manna, Banani 96Manna, Ranjan K. 96Manoj Kumar 81Matondkar, Prabhu S.G. 45Mayakannan, G 68Meenakshi Singh 112Melchias, G. 53Mishra, H.N. 114Mishra, P. 98Mohan, N. 6Mohanraj, P. 35Mukherjee, Joydeep 102Murali, R. 79Murugakoothan, P. 74, 88Murugesan, S. 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 88Muthukumaran, K. 59Muthukumaran, M. 95, 97Nagaraj, S. 16, 20Nagarajan, B. 13Nair, Richa Pawar 111Nanda, N. Sharma 104Nandkar, P.B. 8Narale Anushri, A. 103,104Narendra Kumar, G. 53Navasakthi, R. 24Nicodemus, A. 13Nozais, Christian 105Padmanabhan, M.R. Anandhi 30Padmini, E. 24, 25

Name Abstract No.

Pandya, Rohan V. 92Papdiwal, P.B. 80Papitha, P. 28, 41, 91Parameswari, E. 32, 40Pathade, K.N. 8Patil, V.S. 84Pednekar, Suraksha 45Perissinotto, Renzo 105Pingle, S. D. 15, 44, 70, 84, 89, 90Ponmani Mala, R. 28Ponmani, S. 58Poonguzhali, T.V. 55Prabhu, K. 46Prabuthas, P. 114Pradhan, J. 98Pramanik, Arnab 102Premalatha, M. 38Priscilla, J. 19Priya, V. 48Priyadarshani, I. 51Punitha, D., 73Raghavan, B. Govinda 67Ragupathi Raja Kannan, R. 14Raj, Samuel Paul 28,41,91Rajannan, G. 57Rajasulochana, N. 49Rajasulochana, P. 78Rajesh Kumar, M. 41Raju, P.A. 59Rama Rao, K. 7Ramya, S. Siva Sangari 16Ranjith Kumar, M. 6, 42Ranjith Kumar, R. 67Rath, B. 31, 51Rautray, P. 98Rengasamy, R. 20, 69, 71Rony P. Jacob 86, 87Rout, Jayashree 108Sahu, D. 31Sahu, Jayanti Kumari 18

86 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8180

AUTHOR INDEX

CO

NFE

RE

NC

EName Abstract No.

Samanta, L. 99Sanap, R.R 11, 44Santhoshi, K. 63Sarada Kali 63Sarojini, Y. 47Sashi, V. 56, 101Satheesh Kumar, K. 86Sethi, S. K. 99Sharma, B.B. 103,104Sharma, G.K. 109Shashirekha, V. 39Shingala, Divya 33, 69Singh, G.P. 81, 82Singh, Gajendra Pal 112Singh, Meenakshi, 112Singh, Samuel G. 72Sivakumar, K. 61, 62Sivaramakrishna, D. 26Sivasankaran, S. 6Sivasubramanian, V 6, 42, 59, 67, 75,

79, 96, 98Sobitha Bai, R. 17, 65Solanki, Maheshwari 34Sophia Rani, S. 46Sreekanth, D. 26Sridhar, M.R. 39Sridevei, M. 73Srivastave, P.P. 114Srilekha , K. 63Srivastava, Deepak 22Srivastava, Pushpa 22Stanley, Shaleesha A. 30Stretch, Derek 105Subha, T.S. 88Subramanian, V.V. 42,59,67,79,97,99

Name Abstract No.

Subramoni, Maya 86, 87Sudhakar, K. 38Sultana, Mazher 35, 48Sumathi, P. 97Sundararaj, R. 20Sundararajan, M. 21Sundararaman, M. 102Sundari, M. Rama 63Susilasingsih, Dwi 29Swain, Saroj K. 108Swamy, Mahadeswara 39Tagad, R.N. 90Talukdar, Jayanta 52Tandon, Richa 107Tasneem Fatma 36, 50Thaker, Vrinda S. 92Thangaraj, S. 46Tharakan, John 37Thilagavathi, T. 32, 40Thirumaran, G. 14, 27Tiwari, G.L. 107Udayasoorian, C. 58Umadevi, M 92Usha Rani, M. 25Vasumathi, K.K. 38Venkataraman, L.V. 115Venkateswarulu, B. 26Vidyashankar, S. 54, 77Vijaya Geetha 24Vijaya Kerkar 9, 45Vijaya Parthasarathy, M.D. 49Vijayanand,N. 16Vinayak Valsan 77Vinod Kumar, N. 21Wesely, E.G. 21Yasmin, F. 52

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87