8th Grade Science EOG Review

8th Grade Science EOG Review

Chemistry 8.P.18.P.1.1 Classify matter as elements, compounds, or mixtures based on how the atoms are packed together in arrangements.8.P.1.2 Explain how the physical properties of elements and their reactivity have been used to produce the current model of the Periodic Table of elements. 8.P.1.3 Compare physical changes such as size, shape and state to chemical changes that are the result of a chemical reaction to include changes in temperature, color, formation of a gas or precipitate.

8.P.1.1 Classifying Matter1. Which of the following best describes an element?A pure substance used to describe matterA substance that cannot be changed easily into another substanceA substance that can only be found in mixturesA substance that is chemically combinedWhich of the following represents a mixture?A piece of copper wireAir in the atmosphereSugarA gold coin

3. H2O and H2O2 are two compounds that are formed by bonding hydrogen and oxygen. These compounds demonstrate thatElements combine in many different ways to make compoundsElements combine randomlyBoth compounds are gasesHydrogen peroxide has more elements in it4. You are trying to separate a mixture of water, sand and iron that are frozen together. The mixture is relatively easy to separate becauseThe substances are chemically combinedThe substances are physically combinedThe mixture is a homogenous mixtureThe mixture is a solution

5. Which of the following is the BEST example of a homogenous mixture? Choose the best answer and explain why you chose that answer.SoilCementSalt water Chicken noodle soup

8.P.1.2 Periodic TableWhat do elements in the same family have in common?Number of protonsMasses of their atomsSimilar chemical propertiesState of matter

Which of the elements listed below has properties most like helium?FluorineGalliumXenonMercury

The Noble gases are found in family 18 of the periodic table. Which statement about the Noble gases is correct?They consist of solids, liquids and gasesThey are highly reactive with other elementsThey have a full shell of valence electrons and are unreactiveThey form compounds easilyAccording to the periodic table, most nonmetals areLiquidsPoor conductors of heat and electricityEasy to hammer and shapeShiny in appearance

In order to find carbon in the periodic table, what group and period must you use?Period 14, group 2Period 16, group 6Period 15, group 3Period 2, group 14

6. Explain the organization of the modern periodic table. 8.P.1.3 Physical and Chemical Reactions1. Which of the following is a chemical property of matter?LusterState of matterMalleabilityFlammability

Which of the following may happen during a physical change?New substances are createdReactants form productsPhase changes may occur due to a change in temperatureA precipitate may form3. A student plans to build an electric motor for his science fair project. He decides to test how well different materials conduct electricity from the batteries to the motor. Which of the following materials will be the best conductor for the motor?A rubber bandA copper wireA glass rodA plastic rod

4. When baking soda and vinegar are combined, what evidence suggests that a chemical change has occurred?The baking soda dissolves in the vinegarA gas is producedLight is given offThe state of matter changes

5. Observe the picture to the right. Explain in your own words the difference between a physical and achemical change in matter.Describe 4 indicators of a chemical reaction.____________________________________________________________________________________________________

If 94 grams of a product (WX) are produced from a chemical reaction that started with 44 grams of X, how many grams of W went into the chemical reaction?Give an example of each of the following:ElementCompoundSolutionHeterogeneous Mixture9. Which of the following statements refers to a physical property of a substance?Carbon combines with oxygen to produce carbon dioxideThe density of copper is 8.93 g/cm3Acids are corrosiveZinc metal reacts with an acid to produce hydrogen gas

What physical properties make metals suitable for use in electrical wiring?Malleability and ductilityConductivity and ductilitySolubility and malleabilityMagnetism and ductility

Describe the picture of the duck as if you were talking to a person who was blindfolded. Think about the physical properties of the duck as you describe it.Energy 8.P.2 8.P.2.1 Explain the environmental consequences of the various methods of obtaining, transforming, and distributing energy. 8.P.2.2 Explain the implications of the depletion of renewable and nonrenewable energy resources and the importance of conservation.

8.P.2.1 EnvironmentalConsequences of Obtaining EnergyPeople object to the burning of fossil fuels becauseThey are cheapThey produce a lot of energyThey release polluting gasesThey are renewable

2. Opponents of hydraulic fracturing would most likely agree with which of the following statements?Fracking is good for the economy and landNatural gas is a good renewable energy sourceFracking is environmentally safeFracking could lead to an increase in natural gas/methane in water sources

3. A negative effect of nuclear energy is Too much energyRadioactive wasteClean energyAll are negative effects

4. Positive impacts of drilling for natural gas in the US include all of the following exceptAn increase in jobsLess reliance on importing natural gas from other countriesCleaner burning energy sourceAn increase in traffic and construction

Which of the following is NOT true of wind energy?Wind energy is reliableWind energy will not produce any waste or greenhouse gasesWind energy uses no fuel to run the turbinesWind energy is renewable

8.P.2.2 Renewable and Nonrenewable EnergyWhich of the following statements can be used to describe renewable energy?It will run outMost renewable energy resources do not need to be burnedIt pollutes the environmentThey all use the power of the sun2. A non-renewable energy source Can be plugged in and chargedWill eventually run outWill not work for new appliancesCan be used over and over again

Which of the following best describes why fossil fuel supplies are limited?Only small amounts of fossil fuels ever formed and early humans used most of the supplyFossil fuels exist in large quantities, but they are difficult for scientists to locateFossil fuels formed over millions of years and they are being used more rapidly than they can be replacedPeople are not allowed to use large amounts of fossil fuels

4. Which of the following is NOT a biomass energy source?WoodCropsPetroleumAnimal waste5. Predict what will happen to non-renewable energy sources as the US population increases and energy consumption increases.Our resources will run out fasterOur resources will last longerThere will be no change in the amount of resources usedRenewable resources will also run out8.E.2 Earth History8.E.2.1 Infer the age of Earth and relative age of rocks and fossils from index fossils and ordering of rock layers (relative dating and radioactive dating). 8.E.2.2 Explain the use of fossils, ice cores, composition of sedimentary rocks, faults, and igneous rock formations found in rock layers as evidence of the history of the Earth and its changing life forms.

8.E.2.1 Age of Earth, Rocks and FossilsThe diagram shows a cross section of land thathas not been overturned and contains fossils. Whichevent occurred last at this location?Shale was depositedGlacial till was depositedBasaltic lava flows became solidGlossopteris thrived and then became extinct

2. A scientist wants to find the absolute age of a rock. Which of these is the scientist most likely to use?Radioactive datingLaw of SuperpositionGeologic Time ScaleIce cores

3. Cobalt-60 has a half-life of 5 years. How many years will it take for 100 grams of Cobalt-60 to be reduced to 6.25 grams?5 years10 years15 years20 years4. An unstable isotope has a half-life of 10 years. If there were 60 grams of the isotope to begin with, how many grams of it would remain after 40 years?15 grams7.5 grams3.75 grams30 grams5. Which life form is most likely to be found in the lowest level of sedimentary rock?DinosaursEarly humansSimple marine organismsSabre toothed tigers

According to the diagram, which statementis true about the fossils in the rock layers?Fossil 1 is older than fossil 4Fossil 1 is younger than fossil 2Fossil 3 is younger than fossil 5Fossil 3 is the same age as fossil 5

7. According to the diagram, what canyou infer about the age of the igneousintrusion compared to the other layers of rock. Explain your reasoning.8.E.2.2 Fossils, ice cores and rocks as evidence of Earths historyFossils are useful to develop A timeline of future speciesA history of the stability of lifePredictions about the futureA history of the Earth

2. A scientist finds fossils from the same organism in India and Africa. What is a possible explanation for the presence of these fossils on two different continents?AdaptationContinental driftClimate changeLaw of superposition3. When scientists analyze the fossil record, they find organisms that are similar to some organisms of today with noticeable changes. How does this help scientists to interpret the past?It doesnt help them at allIt allows them to see how organisms have changed over timeIt allows them to see how organism have remained the same over timeIt allows them to see that there is no relationship between the past and today4. How can fossils tell us about Earths past?Fossils give clues about environmental changes where organisms livedFossils can be used to date the time period of rocks and rock layers when the organism livedFossils can give clues of changes in the organism body structure over timeAll of the above

5. Ice cores provide evidence of Earths Rock layersAtmosphere and climate changeOcean compositionIndex fossils

8.L 4 Evolution and Genetics8.L.4.1 Summarize the use of evidence drawn from geology, fossils, and comparative anatomy to form the basis for biological classification systems and the theory of evolution. 8.L.4.2 Explain the relationship between genetic variation and an organisms ability to adapt to its environment.

8.L.4.1 Biological Classification Systems and the Theory of EvolutionThe front leg of a cat, the front flipper of a dolphin,and the wing of a bat have the same structure and orderof bones. These structures do not look alike and do not have the same function, but their bones are similar.What might scientists say about the cat, dolphin and bat based on this evidence?a. They are homologous structures and indicate a common ancestor b. they are analogous structures and indicate different ancestors c. they all live in an aquatic environment d. they all have the ability to fly

2. Which of the following is not an example of a vestigial structure?Appendix in humansLeg bones in whalesWings of batsWisdom teeth in humans3. Which is a basis for biological classification?Sharing similarities in behaviorSharing the same ecosystemSharing a common ancestorSharing similar places in the food web8.L.4.2 Genetic Variation and Adaptation1. How does a species survive a climate change over thousands of years?It reproduces more rapidlyIt hibernates and waits for better climate conditionsIt makes no changesIt adapts to the changing climate

2. The snowshoe hare has the ability to change its coat color. It is brown during the spring, summer and early fall but changes to white as winter approaches. What adaptation does the snowshoe hare have that allows it to hide from predators?SymbiosisCommensalismCamouflageAll of the above3. Which of the following, over time, is most likely to lead to speciation?Geographic isolationA forest fireAn earthquakeFalling sea levels4. Which of the following plant adaptations would not protect the plant from being eaten by herbivores?Leaves that are covered by tiny, sharp spinesLeaves that have a very bitter tasteLeaves that contain a poisonous chemicalLeaves that store large amounts of water8.L.1 Structure and Function of Living Organisms8.L.1.1 Summarize the basic characteristics of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites relating to the spread, treatment and prevention of disease. 8.L.1.2 Explain the difference between epidemic and pandemic as it relates to the spread, treatment and prevention of disease.

8.L.1.1 Microbes and Disease 1. Which best explains how a virus affects other organisms?Viruses increase the survival of other organismsViruses immediately destroy all cells they come in contact withViruses live and reproduce in between the cells of other organismsViruses invade the cells of other organisms, using them to reproduce

2. Which of the following structures are not found in a bacterial cell?CytoplasmNucleusRibosomesCell membrane

3. Which would be the least effective in treating an illness caused by a virus?Drinking plenty of fluidsWidespread vaccinationsGetting extra sleepDaily treatment with antibiotics4. Which kind of organisms are disease causing yeasts and molds?BacteriaFungiParasitesviruses

8.L.1.2 Pandemic and Epidemic1. Which of these is best described as a pandemic?A student catches the flu from her younger brotherThree members of a soccer team come down with the fluDozens of people in two neighboring towns have flu at the same timeTens of millions of people worldwide are infected with the flu in the same year2. Which of the following is an example of an epidemic?Dengue fever in an African villageSmallpox outbreak on several continentsSwine flu cases reported in multiple countriesMany people affected by tuberculosis worldwide3. Which poses the greatest challenge for researchers when attempting to locate the source of a nationwide food based salmonella outbreak?Cost of the studyNumber of food producers involvedTime needed for the studyNumber of people infected4. Which best explains why researchers are working to improve antimicrobial drugs?Microbes are becoming more resistant to current drugsMicrobes are learning to detect current drugsMicrobes are growing too large to be stopped by current drugsMicrobes are being wiped out by antimicrobial drugs8.L.5 Molecular Biology 8.L.5.1 Summarize how food provides the energy and the molecules required for building materials, growth and survival of all organisms (to include plants). 8.L.5.2 Explain the relationship among a healthy diet, exercise, and the general health of the body (emphasis on the relationship between respiration and digestion).

8.L.5.1 Food and Energy1. Which process releases energy from food molecules?MeiosisPhotosynthesisCellular respirationsymbiosis2. How do animals obtain the carbon and nitrogen they need for building materials?By eating foodBy breathingBy performing photosynthesisBy performing cellular respiration3. How do plant cells release the energy they need to carry out their life processes?a. By photosynthesis in the chloroplastsb. By respiration in the mitochondriac. By mitosis in the nucleusd. By absorption in the cell membrane

4. In which process do cells take in carbon dioxide and use it to make food molecules?DecompositionMeiosisPhotosynthesisrespiration8.L.5.2 Diet, Exercise and Health1. Which describes digestion in the human body?A process that breaks down food into smaller molecules that cells can useA process that releases energy from food moleculesA process that delivers oxygen throughout the bodyA process by which the body gets rid of wastes2. Which is most likely to improve a persons respiratory and cardiovascular systems the most?Eating more vegetablesExercising two hours a weekQuitting tobacco smokingTaking multivitamins3. Which system delivers nutrients to the bodys cells?CirculatoryDigestiveRespiratorynervous8.L.2 Biotechnology8.L.2.1 Summarize aspects of biotechnology including: Specific genetic information available Careers Economic benefits to North Carolina Ethical issues Implications for agriculture

8.L.2.11. Which is an example of biotechnology?Developing hydropower energy sourcesStudying how viruses cause diseaseDeveloping crop plants that are resistant to weed killersUsing bioindicators to monitor water quality2. Which describes a risk of biotechnology?Bacteria can be used to make insulin and other human chemicals less expensivelyDNA fingerprinting can prove that an accused person did not commit the crimeHealth insurance companies may refuse to insure people who have genes for diseasesHuman gene mapping can lead to treatment or prevention of disease3. Studying biotechnology is most likely to be useful for which career?Computer scientistNuclear physicistAgricultural researcherArchaeologist

4. Which is a possible risk of gene-modified crop plants?They may help increase the worlds food supplyThey will allow farmers to reduce the use of pesticidesFruits and vegetables from such plants stay fresh longerGenes from the plants may cross over into wild plants8.L.3 Ecosystems8.L.3.1 Explain how factors such as food, water, shelter, and space affect populations in an ecosystem. 8.L.3.2 Summarize the relationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers including the positive and negative consequences of such interactions including: coexistence and cooperation competition (predator/prey) parasitism mutualism 8.L.3.3 Explain how the flow of energy within food webs is interconnected with the cycling of matter (including water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen).

8.L.3.1 Populations1. Which is an example of an abiotic factor that would strongly affect the population of water lilies in a pond?SunlightFishInsectsrocks2. Suppose most of the rabbits in an area suddenly die from a disease. What would happen to the populations of the rabbits predators and competitors?Populations of both predators and competitors would increasePopulations of predators would increase, and those of competitors would decreasePopulations of predators would decrease, and those of competitors would increasePopulations of both predators and competitors would decrease

3. Which biotic factor would have the greatest impact on the number of rabbits in a meadow?WaterTreesSquirrelsfoxes8.L.3.2 Interactions in Ecosystems1. On the Serengeti Plain, zebras eat grass and giraffes eat the leaves at the tops of trees. Which term best describes the relationship between zebras and giraffes?CompetitionCoexistencePredationmutualism2. Which of these organisms is a decomposer?Rainbow troutButton mushroomNorthern cardinalFlowering dogwood 3. Which term best describes an organism that lives in or on another organism?DecomposerParasiteConsumerpredator

4. Cleaner fish are fish that eat the parasites on larger fish. Which term best describes the relationship between the cleaner fish and the larger fish?CompetitionPredationMutualismparasitism8.L.3.3 Food Webs/Cycling of Matter1. Which correctly describes an event in the carbon cycle?Animals take in carbon through respirationPlants release carbon through photosynthesisPlants and animals release carbon through decompositionPlants and animals take in carbon through combustion2. Think about how energy flows in this food web. Which organisms are found at the level with the most available energy?fox, snake, hawkBirds, toads, spidersMice, squirrels, rabbitsplants

3. How does nitrogen gas in the air become nitrogen in the molecules of living things?DecompositionNitrogen fixing bacteria in the soilLightning fixationProducer uptake

8.E.1 Hydrosphere8.E.1.1 Explain the structure of the hydrosphere including: Water distribution on earth Local river basin and water availability 8.E.1.2 Summarize evidence that Earths oceans are a reservoir of nutrients, minerals, dissolved gases, and life forms: Estuaries Marine ecosystems Upwelling Behavior of gases in the marine environment Value and sustainability of marine resources Deep ocean technology and understandings gained

8.E.1 Hydrosphere8.E.1.3 Predict the safety and potability of water supplies in North Carolina based on physical and biological factors, including: Temperature Dissolved oxygen pH Nitrates and phosphates Turbidity Bio-indicators 8.E.1.4 Conclude that the good health of humans requires: Monitoring of the hydrosphere Water quality standards Methods of water treatment Maintaining safe water quality Stewardship

8.E.1.1 Structure of Hydrosphere1. Which describes a characteristic of river basins?They are a source of groundwaterThey flow down from aquifersThey drain into the oceanThey are saltwater ecosystems 2. A small creek flows through a gorge before it joins a larger river. Which term best describes the creek?AquiferEstuaryTributaryWatershed 3. Where is most of Earths freshwater located?In the oceanIn polar ice capsIn lakes and riversIn underground aquifers 4. About what percentage of Earths surface is covered with water?90 percent70 percent50 percent30 percent8.E.1.2 Earths Oceans1. Which organism is most likely to be found in an estuary environment?WhaleCrabJellyfishdolphin 2. What are the most likely effects of ocean upwelling?Decreased photosynthesis and increased chemosynthesisIncreased nutrients and increased populations of algae and fishIncreased pollution and decreased animal and plant populationsIncreased water temperature and decreased dissolved oxygen3. Which organism is most likely to be found near the surface of the open ocean?ClamCrabSnailwhale8.E.1.3 Water Quality1. What is the relationship between water temperature and dissolved oxygen?Water temperature has no effect on the amount of dissolved oxygenAs water temperature goes up, the amount of dissolved oxygen increasesThe amount of dissolved oxygen decreases as water temperature decreasesCold water can contain more dissolved oxygen than warm water can2. Which is a biological indicator of water quality?TurbiditySalinityDiversity of insect larvaepH level3. What is the most immediate effect of high levels of nitrates and phosphates in a body of water?The pH decreasesThe population of algae increasesThe fish population decreasesThe levels of dissolved oxygen decrease4. Which pair indicates a healthy water source?High levels of phosphates and algaeHigh levels of dissolved oxygen and the presence of fishHigh salinity and an absence of insect larvaeLow turbidity and high pH levels8.E.1.4 Water Quality and Human Health 1. Which is most likely to improve water quality?Fewer laws about waterReduced use of pesticidesIncreased use of fertilizersRelease of factory wastes into rivers2. Phosphates help detergents make clothes whiter and clean dishes better. Which is the best reason why phosphates have been removed from detergents?To improve turbidity levelsTo prevent pollution of aquifersTo improve the health of humansTo prevent algal blooms3. Which of these is most likely to have a harmful effect on water quality?Having water laws and regulationsTreating sewage to kill pathogensLetting pollutants wash out to seaUsing chemical indicators to check water quality