8 Multiplexing_b.indo.ppt
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MULTIPLEXINGMULTIPLEXING
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MultiplexingMultiplexing
Multiplexing adalah seperangkat teknik yangmemungkinkan simultaneous transmisisinyal beberapa di link data tunggal.
Multiplexer (MUX) adalah perangkat yang
menggabungkan beberapa sinyal ke sinyaltunggal.
Demultiplexer (DEMUX) adalah perangkatyang melakukan operasi invers.
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Categories of Multiplexing
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Frequeny!division MultiplexingFrequeny!division Multiplexing
(FDM)(FDM) FDM adalah teknik analog yang dapat diterapkan bila
band"idth link lebih besar dari band"idth gabungansinyal yang akan ditransmisikan.
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Frequeny!division MultiplexingFrequeny!division Multiplexing
(FDM)(FDM)Di FDM sinyal yangdihasilkan olehmasing!masingperangkatmemodulasi #rekuensipemba"a berbeda.$inyal ini termodulasidigabungkan men%adisatu sinyal komposityang dapat diangkut
oleh link.
FDM is analog multiplexing teknik yang
menggabungkan sinyal.
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Frequeny!division MultiplexingFrequeny!division Multiplexing
(FDM)(FDM)Di FDM sinyal yang dihasilkan oleh masing!masingperangkat memodulasi #rekuensi pemba"a berbeda.$inyal ini termodulasi digabungkan men%adi satusinyal komposit yang dapat diangkut oleh link.
Frekuensi pemba"a dipisahkan oleh band"idth yangukup untuk mengakomodasi termodulasi sinyal.
&ni band"idth rentang arte saluran melalui manaberbagai sinyal per%alanan.
$aluran harus dipisahkan oleh strip tidak terpakai
band"idth (pen%aga band) untuk menegah sinyaltumpang tindih.
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Frequeny!division MultiplexingFrequeny!division Multiplexing
(FDM)(FDM)Di FDM' sinyal dimodulasi ke #rekuensipemba"a terpisah menggunakan baik Matau FM modulasi.
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Example 1 Example 1
Assume that a voice channel occupies a bandwidth of 4
KHz. We need to combine three voice channels into a
link with a bandwidth of 12 KHz, from 20 to 32 KHz.
Show the configuration using the frequency domain
without the use of guard bands.
Solution Solution
Shift (modulate) each of the three voice channels to adifferent bandwidth, as shown in Figure 6.6.
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Example 1
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Example 2 Example 2
Five channels, each with a 100-KHz bandwidth, are to be
multiplexed together. What is the minimum bandwidth of
the link if there is a need for a guard band of 10 KHz
between the channels to prevent interference?
Solution Solution
For five channels, we need at least four guard bands.
his means that the re!uired bandwidth is at least
" x #$$ % & x #$ ' "&$ *,
as shown in Figure 6.+.
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Example 2
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ave!division Multiplexing (DM)ave!division Multiplexing (DM)
ave!division multiplexing is konseptualsama FDM' keuali bah"a multiplexing dandemultiplexing melibatkan sinyal ahayayang dipanarkan melalui saluran serat
optik. *u%uannya adalah untuk menggabungkan
beberapa sumber ahaya men%adi satutunggal ahaya di multiplexer dan
melakukan sebaliknya di demultiplexer.Menggabungkan dan memeah sumber
ahaya dengan mudah ditangani oleh+risma.
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*ime!division Multiplexing (*DM) *ime!division Multiplexing (*DM)
*ime!division multiplexing (*DM) adalah proses digitalyang dapat diterapkan ,ila data tingkat kapasitasmedium transmisi lebih besar dari tingkat data yang
diperlukan oleh mengirim dan menerima perangkat.
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TDM
TDM adalah teknik multiplexing digital untuk
menggabungkan data.
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*ime!division Multiplexing (*DM) *ime!division Multiplexing (*DM)
*DM dapat dilaksanakan dalam dua ara- *DMsinkron dan asinkron *DM.
Di sinkron time!division multiplexing' istilah sinkronberarti bah"a multiplexer mengalokasikan persis slot
"aktu sama untuk setiap perangkat sepan%ang"aktu' pakah perangkat memiliki sesuatu untukmengirimkan.
Frame
$lot "aktu yang dikelompokkan ke dalam bingkai.,ingkai yang terdiri dari satu kitar lengkap slot"aktu' termasuk satu atau lebih slot didedikasikanuntuk setiap pengiriman perangkat.
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TDM frames
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Example 5 Example 5
Four 1-Kbps connections are multiplexed together. A unit
is 1 bit. Find (1) the duration of 1 bit before multiplexing,
(2) the transmission rate of the link, (3) the duration of a
time slot, and (4) the duration of a frame?
Solution Solution
e !an ans"er the #uestions as follo"s$1. The duration of 1 bit is 1%1 &bps' or (.((1 s )1 ms*.
2. The rate of the link is + &bps.
3. The duration of ea!h time slot 1%+ ms or 25( s.
+. The duration of a frame 1 ms.
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Example , Example ,
Four channels are multiplexed using TDM. If each
channel sends 100 bytes/s and we multiplex 1 byte per
channel, show the frame traveling on the link, the size of
the frame, the duration of a frame, the frame rate, and the
bit rate for the link.
Solution Solution
he multiplexer is shown in Figure 6.#".
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Example ,
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*ime!division Multiplexing (*DM) *ime!division Multiplexing (*DM)
Framing ,itsarena "aktu slot pesanan di *DM sistem
doest sinkron tidak bervariasi dari #rame ke#rame' sangat sedikit overhead in#ormasi
perlu dimasukkan dalam setiap #rame./amun' satu atau lebih sinkronisasi bitbiasanya ditambahkan ke a"al setiap #rame.
,it ini' disebut #raming bits' memungkinkandemultiplexer untuk menyinkronkan denganaliran masuk sehingga ini dapatmemisahkan slot "aktu seara akurat..
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Framing bits
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xample
Suppose that we have four input devices on a s-nchronous M
lin/, where the transmissions are interleaved b- character. 0f
each device is generating 1"$ characters per second, and each
frame is carr-ing # character from each device, what is the
minimum data rate of this lin/2
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*he link must be able to arry012 #rames per seond.
"e assume that eahharater onsists o# 3 bits'then eah #rame has 4x35 67 88 bits ( 80 bits #orthe #our haraters plus 6#raming bit).
9n the other hand' eahdevie is reating 0222bps'beause 012 haraters perseond x 3 bits 70222 bitsper seond' and the link isarrying 3012 bps' beause
012 #rames per seond x88bits is 3012 bps.
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Example - Example -
We have four sources, each creating 250 characters persecond. If the interleaved unit is a character and 1
synchronizing bit is added to each frame, find (1) the data
rate of each source, (2) the duration of each character in
each source, (3) the frame rate, (4) the duration of each
frame, (5) the number of bits in each frame, and (6) the
data rate of the link.
Solution Solution
See next slide.
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Solution )!ontinued* Solution )!ontinued*
3e can answer the !uestions as follows4
#. he data rate of each source is 1$$$ bps ' 1 bps.
1. he duration of a character is #51"$ s, or & ms.
. he lin/ needs to send 1"$ frames per second.&. he duration of each frame is #51"$ s, or & ms.
". ach frame is & x 7 % # ' bits.
6. he data rate of the lin/ is 1"$ x , or 71"$ bps.
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Example Example
Two channels, one with a bit rate of 100 Kbps and
another with a bit rate of 200 Kbps, are to be multiplexed.
How this can be achieved? What is the frame rate? What
is the frame duration? What is the bit rate of the link?
Solution Solution
3e can allocate one slot to the first channel and two slots
to the second channel. ach frame carries bits. he
frame rate is #$$,$$$ frames per second because itcarries # bit from the first channel. he frame duration is
#5#$$,$$$ s, or #$ ms. he bit rate is #$$,$$$ frames5s x
bits5frame, or $$ bps.
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synhronous *DMsynhronous *DM
$inkron *DM tidak men%amin bah"a kapasitas penuhlink yang digunakan. arena slot "aktu
preassigned dan tetap' setiap kali perangkattersambung tidak memanarkan' slot sesuai kosong.
sinkron time!division multiplexing' atau $tatistik"aktu!division multiplexing' diranang untuk
menghindari %enis sampah.
$eperti sinkron *DM' asinkron *DM memungkinkanse%umlah baris masukan keepatan rendah untukmultiplexed untuk satu baris keepatan yang lebihtinggi. /amun' dalam asinkron *DM memperepat totaldari baris input dapat lebih besar dari kapasitas link.
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8alam sistem
as-nchronous, 9i/a /ita
memili/i n baris masu/an,
bing/ai berisi tida/ lebih
dari slot m, dengan /urang
dari n m.8:umlah wa/tu slot di
/erang/a M asin/ron (m)
didasar/an pada analisisstatisti/ 9umlah baris
masu/an -ang cenderung
transmisi pada wa/tu
tertentu.8alam hal apapun slot
tersedia untu/ salah satu
garis masu/an terlampir
-ang memili/i data untu/
di/irim.
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*he end