8 Lesson 8.1: Functions and Control of the Endocrine System Lesson 8.2: Major Endocrine Organs...
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Transcript of 8 Lesson 8.1: Functions and Control of the Endocrine System Lesson 8.2: Major Endocrine Organs...
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Lesson 8.1: Functions and Control of the Endocrine System
Lesson 8.2: Major Endocrine Organs
Lesson 8.3: Endocrine Disorders and Diseases
The Endocrine System
Lesson 8.1
Functions and Control of the
Endocrine System
Chapter 8: The Endocrine System
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
• anatomy of the endocrine system• hormones• hormone secretion control
Functions and Control of the Endocrine System
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• endocrine glands– hormones– secrete directly into bloodstream
• exocrine glands– secrete through a duct
Anatomy of the Endocrine System
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• steroid hormones–lipid-based• amino acid hormones–protein-based• hormone receptors
– upregulated–increased– downregulated–decreased
Hormones
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• neural control– epinephrine
• hormonal control– hypothalamic-releasing hormone
• humoral control– glucagon
Hormone Secretion Control
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Hormone Secretion Control
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• negative feedback– mechanism that
reverses a condition that has exceeded the normal homeostatic range to restore homeostasis
Hormones and Homeostasis
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• helps regulates body temperature
The Hypothalamus
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True or False?
1. Endocrine glands secrete hormones.
2. Endocrine glands have ducts.
3. Steroid hormones are proteins.
4. Hormone receptors can only be upregulated.
5. Glucagon is under humoral control.
Review and Assessment
Lesson 8.2
Major Endocrine Organs
Chapter 8: The Endocrine System
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Major Endocrine Organs
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• helps regulate– metabolism– heart rate– energy level– body temperature– thirst
The Hypothalamus
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Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary
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• prolactin (PRO)– growth of mammary glands – milk production in a nursing mother
• growth hormone (GH)– growth of bone and muscles
Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary
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• adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)– release of steroid hormones from adrenal cortex
• thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)– release of T4 and T3 from thyroid gland
Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary
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• follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)– in females
• estrogen production • egg production
– in males • sperm production
• luteinizing hormone (LH)– in females
• ovulation– in males
• testosterone
Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary
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• antidiuretic hormone– acts on kidney, decreases
urine output
• oxytocin– acts on uterus, causes
contractions– acts on breast, causes
secretion of milk
Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary
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• thyroid gland– thyroxine T4 and triiodothyronine T3
• controls rate of metabolism– calcitonin
• removes calcium from blood, puts into bones
• parathyroid gland– parathyroid hormone
• removes calcium from bones, puts into blood
Major Endocrine Glands
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• thymus gland– thymosin
• development of immune system
• pineal gland– melatonin
• produces sleepiness
Major Endocrine Glands
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Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
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• adrenal medulla– epinephrine and norepinephrine
• adrenaline rush
• adrenal cortex– mineralocorticoids
• aldosterone• sodium and water reabsorbed in kidneys
– glucocorticoids• cortisone and cortisol• promote gluconeogenesis
– sex hormones• estrogen and androgens• maintains sexual characteristics
Adrenal Glands
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Adrenal Glands
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• islets of Langerhans– alpha cells
• glucagon• increase blood glucose level
– beta cells• insulin• decrease blood glucose level
Pancreas
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• testes– testosterone
• sperm production
• ovaries– estrogen
• secondary sexual characteristics • progesterone• menstrual cycle
Gonads
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Fill in the blanks with: ADH, thyroxine, thymosin, or adrenal cortex.
1. The thymus gland produces _______________.
2. The posterior pituitary gland produces oxytocin and _______________.
3. Mineralocorticoids are produced by the _______________.
4. T4 is also called _______________.
Review and Assessment
Endocrine Disorders and
Diseases
Lesson 8.3
Chapter 8: The Endocrine System
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• pituitary disorders• thyroid disorders• disorders of the parathyroid gland• adrenal medulla disorders• disorders of the adrenal cortex• the pancreas and diabetes mellitus
Endocrine Disorders and Diseases
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• hyperfunction– acromegaly, or gigantism
• hypofunction– dwarfism– diabetes insipidus
Pituitary Disorders
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• hyperthyroidism– goiter– Graves disease
• hypothyroidism– myxedema– neonatal hypothyroidism
Thyroid Disorders
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• disorders of the parathyroid gland– hypercalcemia– hypocalcemia
• adrenal medulla disorders– pheochromcytoma
Endocrine Disorders and Diseases
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• Cushing syndrome– hypersecretion of cortisol
• Addison’s disease– hyposecretion of adrenal corticoid hormones
Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex
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• symptoms of diabetes mellitus– polyuria
• excessive urination– polydipsia
• excessive thirst– polyphagia
• increased hunger
The Pancreas and Diabetes Mellitus
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• type I diabetes mellitus– juvenile-onset
• type II diabetes mellitus– adult-onset– insulin resistance– hyperglycemia
The Pancreas and Diabetes Mellitus
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Match these words with 1–4 below: dwarfism, Cushing syndrome, goiter, polyuria.
1. a result of pituitary hypofunction
2. excessive urination
3. hypersecretion of cortisol
4. a result of hyperthyroidism
Review and Assessment