8. Fossils and Palaeontology Dr Liam Herringshaw [email protected].
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Transcript of 8. Fossils and Palaeontology Dr Liam Herringshaw [email protected].
![Page 2: 8. Fossils and Palaeontology Dr Liam Herringshaw lgh865@hotmail.com.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b712/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What are fossils? 'fossilus'
– Anything dug up from the ground
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Fossils and folklore Ammonites
– Snakestones (England)– Horns of Ammon (Greece)– Buffalo stones (N. America)– Chakras of Vishnu (India)– Crampstones (Scotland)
![Page 4: 8. Fossils and Palaeontology Dr Liam Herringshaw lgh865@hotmail.com.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b712/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What fossils really are Petrified remains of dead organisms Traces of ancient behaviour How 'good' is the fossil record?–What gets fossilized?
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What gets fossilized?
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Mostly hard parts
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Taphonomy
Of grave importance
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Biostratinomy- from death to burial
Diagenesis- after burial
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Taphonomic processesTransport Decay
FragmentationDissolution
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Fossilization – Moulds & Casts
External
mould
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Fossilization – Moulds & CastsDino print cast
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RecrystallizationSame chemistry
Different structure
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ReplacementNew minerals
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CarbonizationLoss of volatiles in low-oxygen environment
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PermineralizationImpregnation of pores
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LagerstättenSites of exceptional
fossil preservation
Can include soft tissue fossilization
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Commonest fossil typesCommonest fossil types
Shelled invertebrates
Mainly marine
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Why bother?
1. Earth history 2. Correlation of strata 3. Palaeo-ecology 4. Palaeo-geography 5. Just because!
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Taxonomy Carl von Linne (1707-1778)
Classification by shared morphology
Binomial system
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Phylogeny
Bird-hipped
Lizard-hipped
Plated
Birds
Proto-birds
“Savage feet”
Head crests
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BiostratigraphyBiostratigraphy
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Palaeoecology Compare fossil assemblages…
Coral
Starfish
Trilobite
Sea lily
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Palaeoecology …with modern ecosystems
Tropical reef
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Palaeoecology The present is the key to the past
Silurian reef ecosystem?
trilobite
gastropod
tabulate coral
rugose corals
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Palaeogeography
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Early fossil record
MISS in 3.48 Ga rocks of W. Australia
Stromatolites & cyanobacteria
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Beginnings of animal life
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Cambrian Explosion
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Diversification and extinctionPhillips (1860)
Raup & Sepkoski (1982)
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Next week
Mines & Yours:
Economic Geology