8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
-
Upload
raul-reynoso -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 1/29
PowerPoint® Lecture Slides
prepared by
Janice Meeking,
Mount Royal College
C H A P T E R
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
1
The Human
Body: AnOrientation:Part B
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 2/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Anatomical Position
Standard anatomical body position:
Body erect
Feet slightly apart Palms facing forward
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 3/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.7a
Cervical
(a) Anterior/Ventral
Pubic
(genital)
Cephalic
FrontalOrbital
NasalOralMental
Thoracic
Axillary
MammarySternal
Abdominal
UmbilicalPelvic
Inguinal
(groin)
Upper limb
AcromialBrachial (arm)
AntecubitalAntebrachial
(f orearm)Carpal (wrist)
Manus (hand)
Palmar PollexDigital
Lower limb
Coxal (hip)Femoral (thigh)Patellar
Crural (leg)Fibular or peronealPedal (foot)
Tarsal (ankle)MetatarsalDigitalHallux
Thorax
AbdomenBack (Dorsum)
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 5/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 1.1
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 6/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 1.1
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 7/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 1.1
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 8/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 1.1
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 9/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Regional Terms
Two major divisions of body:
Axial
Head, neck, and trunk Appendicular
Limbs
Regional terms designate specific areas
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 10/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.7a
Cervical
(a) Anterior/Ventral
Pubic
(genital)
Cephalic
FrontalOrbital
NasalOralMental
Thoracic
Axillary
MammarySternal
Abdominal
UmbilicalPelvic
Inguinal
(groin)
Upper limb
AcromialBrachial (arm)
AntecubitalAntebrachial
(f orearm)Carpal (wrist)
Manus (hand)
Palmar Pollex
Digital
Lower limb
Coxal (hip)Femoral (thigh)Patellar Crural (leg)Fibular or peronealPedal (foot)
Tarsal (ankle)MetatarsalDigitalHallux
Thorax
AbdomenBack (Dorsum)
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 11/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.7b
Cervical
Back (dorsal)
(b) Posterior/Dorsal
Scapular VertebralLumbar SacralGlutealPerineal (between
anus and external
genitalia)
Upper limb
Acromial
Brachial (arm)OlecranalAntebrachial
(f orearm)Manus (hand)
MetacarpalDigitalLower limb
Femoral (thigh)PoplitealSural (calf )
Fibular or peronealPedal (foot)
CalcanealPlantar
Cephalic
OticOccipital (back
of head)
Thorax
Abdomen
Back (Dorsum)
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 12/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Body Planes
Plane: Flat surface along which body or
structure is cut for anatomical study
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 13/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Body Planes
Sagittal plane
Divides body vertically into right and left parts
Produces a sagittal section Midsagittal (median) plane
Lies on midline
Parasagittal plane
Not on midline
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 14/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Body Planes
Frontal (coronal) plane
Divides body vertically into anterior andposterior parts
Transverse (horizontal) plane
Divides body horizontally into superior andinferior parts
Produces a cross section
Oblique section
Cuts made diagonally
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 15/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.8
Transverse plane
Median (midsagittal) plane
Frontal plane
Liver
Spleen
Pancreas
Aorta
Vertebralcolumn
Spinal cord
Subcutaneous f at layer Body wall
Rectum IntestinesLef t andright lungs
Liver HeartStomach
Spleen
Arm
(a) Frontal section
(through torso)
(b) Transverse section
(through torso,inferior view)
(c) Median section
(midsagittal)
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 16/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Anatomical Variability
Over 90% of all anatomical structures match
textbook descriptions, but:
Nerves or blood vessels may be somewhat out
of place
Small muscles may be missing
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 17/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Body Cavities
Dorsal cavity
Protects nervous system
Two subdivisions: Cranial cavity
Encases brain
Vertebral cavity
Encases spinal cord
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 18/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Body Cavities
Ventral cavity
Houses internal organs (viscera)
Two subdivisions (separated by diaphragm): Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 19/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.9a-b
Cranial
cavity
(contains
brain)
Dorsal
body
cavity
Vertebral
cavity
(contains
spinalcord)
Cranialcavity
Superior
mediastinum
Pericardial
cavity within
the mediastinum
Pleural
cavity
Vertebral
cavity
Abdomino-
pelvic
cavity
Ventral body
cavity
(thoracic and
abdominopelvic
cavities)
Abdominal cavity
(contains digestive
viscera)
Diaphragm
Pelvic cavity(contains urinary
bladder, reproductive
organs, and rectum)
Thoracic
cavity
(containsheart and
lungs)
(a) Lateral view (b) Anterior view
Dorsal body cavityVentral body cavity
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 20/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Ventral Body Cavities
Thoracic cavity subdivisions:
Two pleural cavities
Each houses a lung
Mediastinum
Contains pericardial cavity
Surrounds thoracic organs Pericardial cavity
Encloses heart
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 21/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Ventral Body Cavities
Abdominopelvic cavity subdivisions:
Abdominal cavity
Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, andliver
Pelvic cavity
Contains urinary bladder, reproductiveorgans, and rectum
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 22/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.9a-b
Cranial
cavity
(contains
brain)
Dorsal
body
cavity
Vertebral
cavity
(contains
spinalcord)
Cranialcavity
Superior
mediastinum
Pericardial
cavity within
the mediastinum
Pleural
cavity
Vertebral
cavity
Abdomino-
pelvic
cavity
Ventral body
cavity
(thoracic and
abdominopelvic
cavities)
Abdominal cavity
(contains digestive
viscera)
Diaphragm
Pelvic cavity(contains urinary
bladder, reproductive
organs, and rectum)
Thoracic
cavity
(containsheart and
lungs)
(a) Lateral view (b) Anterior view
Dorsal body cavityVentral body cavity
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 23/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Serous Membrane (Serosa)
Thin, double-layered membrane separated by
serous fluid
Parietal serosa lines internal body walls
Visceral serosa covers the internal organs
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 24/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.10a-b
Outer balloon wall
(comparable to parietal serosa)
Air (comparable to serous cavity)
Inner balloon wall
(comparable to visceral serosa)
Heart
Parietal
pericardium
Pericardial
space with
serous f luidVisceral
pericardium
(b) The serosae associated with the heart.
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 25/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Abdominopelvic Regions
Nine divisions used primarily by anatomists
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 26/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.11
Right upper
quadrant
(RUQ)
Right lower
quadrant
(RLQ)
Lef t upper
quadrant
(LUQ)
Lef t lower
quadrant
(LLQ)
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 27/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Divisions used primarily by medical personnel
8/8/2019 8 25 Lecture Ch 1 b
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-25-lecture-ch-1-b 28/29
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.12
Epigastric
region
Umbilical
region
Right
lumbar region
Left
lumbar region
Right
hypochondriacregion
Left
hypochondriacregion
Hypogastric
(pubic)region
Right iliac
(inguinal)region
Left iliac
(inguinal)region
Liver
Gallbladder
Ascending colon of large intestine
Small intestine
Appendix
Cecum
Diaphragm
Stomach
Descending colonof large intestine
Transverse colonof large intestine
Initial part of
sigmoid colon
Urinary bladder
(a) Nine regions delineated by four planes (b) Anterior view of the nine regions showing the superficial organs