7th German-Brazilian Symposium for Sustainable …...The 7th German-Brazilian Symposium is scheduled...

7thGerman-BrazilianSymposiumforSustainableDevelopment

04.-10.October2015

InteractionbetweenEarthresourcesandprocessesandhumansocieties

HeidelbergUniversity,Germany

Prof.Dr.UlrichA.GlasmacherInstituteofEarthSciencesandHeidelbergCenterfortheEnvironment

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ImpressumBookofAbstractsofthe7thGerman-BrazilianSymposiumAnaisdo7°SimpósioAlemanha-BrasilHeidelberg,04.-10.10.2015UlrichA.Glasmacher,SabineHeinle,AnnegretTrettin(Hrsg./Ed.)©2015HeidelbergCenterfortheEnvironment,ResearchgroupThermochronologyandArchaeometryat the Instituteof Earth Science,HeidelbergUniversity, Baden-WürttembergischesBrasilien-ZentrumderUniversitätTübingen,andBaden-WürttembergInternationalwww.hce.uni-heidelberg.dewww.thermo-archaeo.uni-hd.deulrich.a.glasmacher@geow.uni-heidelberg.deAll theabstractspublished inthisbookwerereproducedfromtheoriginalsprovidedbytheauthors.Thecontentoftheabstractsisofentireresponsibilityoftheauthors.Theorganizingcommitteeofthe7thGerman-BrazilianSymposium2015anditssupportersarenotresponsibleforthedata,assertions,andopinionspublishedinthisbook.

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7thGerman-BrazilianSymposiumforSustainableDevelopment

04.-10.October2015

InteractionbetweenEarthresourcesandprocessesandhumansocieties

HeidelbergUniversity,Germany

BookofProgrammeandAbstractsOrganizationCommitteeHeidelbergUniversityProf.Dr.UlrichA.GlasmacherMSc.DanielaOestreichMSc.ChristianStippichAngelikaLampeMSc.SabrinaSchadBaden-WürttembergischesBrasilien-ZentrumderUniversitätTübingenProf.Dr.StefanLauferSabineHeinleBaden-WürttembergInternationalUlrichMackBarbaraHouessinon-JungerAnnegretTrettin

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FOREWORD

DearParticipants,

The7thGerman-BrazilianSymposiumofSustainableDevelopmentwillpresentanddiscussthe

differencesinsustainabledevelopmentofhumansocietiesrelatedtotheircultural identities

within the frame of Earth resources and processes. The use of the term sustainable

developmentinthissenseisanenlargementoftheearlydefinition(March20,1987)provided

by the Brundtland Commision of the United Nations: „Sustainable development is

developmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuture

generationstomeettheirownneeds“.Theculturalidentitiesofhumansocietieshavetobe

consideredinthefuturechangeoftheirsocietiesfromusingresourcesonlytousingresources

withastrongviewoftheneedsoffuturegenerations.

The Symposium inHeidelbergUniversity assemblesmore than220 scientists fromdifferent

research fields. More than 200 abstracts cover nearly all fields of sustainability of human

societies within 14 sessions. Natural resources of Planet Earth like Paleoclimate/Climate

Change (Session 02), Water, Ocean (Session 03), Energy, Minerals, Ore deposits, Mining

(Session04),Biodiversity (Session05)are thebaseof theevolutionofhumansocieties.The

humanuseofthesenaturalresourceshastobeorganizedwithinthesociety.Therefore,the

fields of Bioeconomy (Session 06), Law (Session 07), Economy (Session 08), Politics, Social

Action(Session09),Agriculture,Forestry(Session10),GlobalGeoparks&WorldHeritageSites

(Session11),CitiesoftheFuture–Megacities–UrbanAreas(Session12)provideinsightinto

the governing process of handling the sustainability by individuals and their societies. Also

important is teaching and training of all members of the human society in sustainability.

Session01“SustainableDevelopmentinEducationandSociety”willgaininsightintomethods

and techniques forSustainability inEducation–EducationofSustainability. Changeswithin

thenaturalandhumanenvironmentcauseanincreaseininfectiousdiseases.Researchinthis

field is as important as in the other fields provided by lectures. Therefore, Session 13

“Infectious Diseases” will contribute by several lectures into future research necessaries.

Finally,theSymposiumwilldiscusstheSustainabilityofGerman-Brazilianprojectsandjoined

ventures(Session14).

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Thepublic lecture(Tuesday,6thofOctober)“ATTO,agianttowerforclimateresearchinthe

AMAZON:Theadventureofplanning,constructionanduse”byProf.Dr. JürgenKesselmeier

(MaxPlanckInstituteforChemistry,Mainz)demonstrateshowhumansocietygainsanalytical

dataonthechemistryoftheatmosphereabovetheAmazonForest.

“ExpeditionN”, theexpeditionmobileof theBaden-WürttembergStiftungwillbepresentat

the University square fromMonday to Thursday. The information and education initiative

"ExpeditionN"isuniqueinEurope,andinvitesvisitorsonanexcitingjourneyofdiscoveryin

oneofthemostimportantissuesofourtime-sustainability.

Sustainability in the life of Baden-Württemberg’s and Hessen´s human society will be

presentedbytwofieldtripsonFriday,9thofOctober.

OnOctober, 4th of the Symposiumwill be opened by Prof. Dr. Bernhard Eitel (President of

Heidelberg University), Theresia Bauer (Minister for Science, Research and the Arts Baden-

Württemberg),andProf.Dr.HermanJacobusCornelisVoorwald(SecretaryofEducationofthe

StateofSaoPaulo)withintheAlteAulaofHeidelbergUniversity.Afollowingpaneldiscussion

with introduction statements on “Sustainable Development in Education – Education in

Sustainable Development” will discuss issues of education and sustainability. On Monday

evening,5thofOctober,theopeningofthreeexhibitionMINHASP,artisticobjectsofCristina

Barroso,and textandportraitof “FritzMüller”guides intoSustainability inArtandCulture.

ThefinaleventoftheSymposiumcombinesexamplesofSustainabilityinArtandCulturesuch

as the Brazilian choir ENCANTO and the presentation of “Visual arts in a German-Brazilian

context”byDr.MartinaMerklingerwithclosingremarks.

Thesesymposiummightmoveusallforwardinthedirectionofasustainablehumansociety

that keeps theoneplanetwehave for theneedsof the futurewithout loosing the cultural

identity of the different societies of Earth. In that sense, I wish all participants and guests

wonderful talks and poster presentations, eye opening discussions, a beautiful evening trip

withthesolarboat„Neckarsonne“,andsunnydaysinHeidelberg.

Prof.Dr.UlrichA.Glasmacher

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Content Page

GeneralAim 7

Programme 9

Abstracts 53

Session01:SustainableDevelopmentinEducationandSociety 54

Session02:Paleoclimate/ClimateChange 76

Session03:WaterandOcean 88

Session04:Energy,Minerals,Oredeposits,Mining 118

Session05:Biodiversity 147

Session06:Bioeconomy 162

Session07:Law 177

Session08:Economy 194

Session09:Politics,SocialAction 204

Session10:Agriculture,Forestry 224

Session11:GlobalGeoparks&WorldHeritageSites 257

Session12:CitiesoftheFuture–Megacities–UrbanAreas 270

Session13:InfectiousDiseases 285

Session14:SustainabilityofGerman-Brazilianprojects/joinedventures 291

Participants 308

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Generalaim

Thegeneralaimofthesymposiumistopresentanddiscussthedifferencesinsustainabledevelopmentof two human societies related to their cultural identities within the frame of Earth resources andprocesses. The symposium is organized in 14 sessions and will use oral presentations, posterpresentations,andaguidedfieldtourtoconveythegeneralaim.Theguidedfieldtourwillprovideahuman and natural example of sustainable development in Germany. The term “sustainabledevelopment” is used in the sense of the early definition (March 20, 1987) by the BrundtlandCommissionoftheUnitedNations:“Sustainabledevelopmentisdevelopmentthatmeetstheneedsofthe present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. Ingeneral,sustainabilityisseenintheinteractionofEnvironment,SocialActions,andEconomics(Fig.1).

Fig.1:Sustainabilityintheinteractionofenvironment,socialactionsandeconomics(www.http://macaulay.cuny.edu/eportfolios/akurry/2011/12/21/sustainable-development/).

Environment(Earthresourcesandprocesses)isconnectedwithhumansocieties(SocialandEconomic)bytheterms“bearable”and“viable”.Thesetermsdescribeapossibleway inwhichhumansocietiescansustainablydevelopbylivingwithinthesystemEarthandusingtheresourcesofplanetEarth.ThefocusofthesymposiumistounderstandtheEarthresourcesandprocesses,theculturalidentities,andtheuniqueconditionsinEconomy,Law,Politics,andSocialactionsbetweenEuropeandLatinAmerica(Fig.2).

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Fig.2:InteractionbetweenEarthresourcesandprocessesandHumansocieties.

The chanceof the symposium is todiscuss sustainabledevelopmentof human societies consideringthedifferencesofthecultures.Therefore,thesymposiumwillfocusontheculturalidentities,theEarthresourcesandprocesses (Palaeoclimate/Climatechange,Biodiversity,Bioeconomy,Energy,Minerals,Water,Oceans),andpresentthesustainabledevelopmentinhumansociety(Economics,Law,Politics,Socialactions,Fig.2).Agriculture,Forestry,Citiesof theFuture,Megacities,andUrbanareas,GlobalGeoparksandUNESCOWorldHeritageSitesareexamplesforfieldsofcomplex interactionsbetweenhumansocietyandnaturalresources.Inaddition,allthemesrelatedtoEarthresourcesandprocesseswouldbediscussedintheviewofconflictingprioritiesofhumanneeds.ThetopicsofthesymposiumaregivenbythecentralthemesoftheHeidelbergCentrefortheEnvironment(HCE),whichsupportsthe organisation of the symposium and the dissemination of its outcome. One outcome of thesymposiumcouldbeadevelopmentschemeforsustainableactionswithinandbetweenthedifferentcultures. Furthermore, the symposium is strongly supported by the Baden-WürttembergischesBrasilien-ZentrumderUniversitätTübingen,Baden-Württemberg International (bw-i) inStuttgartandthe“Deutsch-BrasilianischeGesellschafte.V.”.

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ProgrammeThe7thGerman-BrazilianSymposiumisscheduledfromSunday,04.10.2015untilSaturday10.10.2015.Itisisstructuredintofourdaysofparallelsessions,talks,discussions,andpostersessions,andonedayofaguidedfieldtour.Eachdaystartsat08:30handwillbefinishedat18:00h.Twocoffeebreaksandonelunchbreakstructurethedayandgiveroomforfurtherdiscussionsandnetworking(Keynotespeakerareinbold).

!Sunday'

04.10.2015'Monday'

05.10.2015!Tuesday'

06.10.2015!

!

!

'

Session'08' Session'02' Session'10' Session'04' Session'05'

!Lecture!hall!

01!

Lecture!hall!

02!

Lecture!hall!

03!

Lecture!hall!

01!

Lecture!hall!

02!

08:30!h!

1!

10:30!h!

Chiu'Vanka'Bernardes!

Weichert!

Jasper'Mayer!

Secchi!

Mächtle!

Matschullat!

Vohrer'Alvarez!

Latynskiy!

Siebold!

Winkler!

Tschamber'Madruga'Pinto!

Michaelis!

Bianchi!

Fonseca'Moreira!

Koch!

Rêgo'Matos'Pressler!

'

!!

Coffee!break!&!Poster!Session!Session'06!

11:00!h!

1!

12:45!h!

Krieg!

Aragão'Schebek'Eisner!

!

Jiang'Leppe'Discussion:!

“Joined!

research”!

Spathelf'Matschullat!

Miola!

Silva!

Brakemeier!

Hagemann!

Peregovich'Hiete'!

Vale'Gerold!

Mayer!

Discussion:!

“Joined!

research”!

!

Lunch!&!Poster!Session!

' Session'12' ' ' Session'11'

Lecture!hall!

01!

Lecture!hall!

02!

Lecture!hall!

03!

Lecture!hall!

01!

Lecture!hall!

02!

14:00!h!

1!

15:30!h!

14:00!h!

–!

16:45!h!

Welcome!

desk!

Dias!

Landa1

Casigno!

Bradl!

Fonseca!

Eisenberg'Silva!

Kowaltowski!

Castaldelli1

Maia!

Nauiack'Jaeger!

Naase!

Passos!

Bradl!

Schmidt!

Freundt!

Discussion:!

“Joined!

research”!

Patzak'Zouros'Silva'!

! Coffee!break!&!Poster!Session!

16:00!h!

1!

18:00!h!

Discussion:!

“Joined!

research”!

!

Silva'Reis!

Garcia!

Discussion:!

“Joined!

research”!

Jäger!

!

Discussion:!

“Joined!

research”!

!

!

Jiangfeng!!Pletsch!

Guimaraes!

Weber!

Frey!

!

17:00!h!

–!

19:00!h!

Panel!

discussion!

Alte!Aula!

17:00!h!

1!

18:30!h!

Official!Poster!Session!

!18:30!h!

Opening!Exhibitions!

Open!Meetings!

!

19:00!h!

1!

21:00!h!

Invitation!by!

President!

Bel!Etage!

19:00!h!!

Public!lecture!

!

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Session01:SustainableDevelopmentinEducationandSociety Session08:EconomySession02:Paleoclimate/ClimateChange Session09:Politics,SocialActionSession03:WaterandOcean Session10:Agriculture,ForestrySession04:Energy,Minerals,Oredeposits,Mining Session11:GlobalGeoparks&WorldHeritageSitesSession05:Biodiversity Session12:CitiesoftheFuture–Megacities–UrbanAreasSession06:Bioeconomy Session13:InfectiousDiseasesSession07:Law Session 14: Sustainability of German-Brazilian projects/joined

ventures

!

! Wednesday(07.10.2015!

Thursday(08.10.2015!

Friday(09.10.2015!

! !

!Session(03( Session(07( Session(01( Session(03( Session(13( Session(14(

Examples(of(sustainability(

Lecture!hall!01!

Lecture!hall!02!

Lecture!hall!03!

Lecture!hall!01!

Lecture!hall!02!

Lecture!hall!03! !

08:30!h!1!

10:30!h!

Vent.(Santos(Koch!Pereira!Höfer!

Kahl(Polido!Derani!Pinheiro!

Michelsen(Bastos!Gomes!Carvalho!Denaro!Mrazek!

Brandini(Glaser!Hackspacher(Venhor!

Disc.:!“Joined!research”!

Jänisch!Marques(Krämer!Horstick!Passos(

Disc.:!“Joined!research”(

Schulze!Overbeck(Cardoso!Jr.!Kupfer!Dahl!Trettin! 08:30!h!

1!20:00!h!

!!!!

A)!Sustainable!Development,!Geo1Education!and!Science!transfer!

!!

B)!Sustainable!development!of!renewable!energy,!garbage!separation,!and!the!environment!of!Homo$heidelbergensis!

! Coffee!break!&!Poster!Session! ! !Session(09!

11:00!h!1!

12:45!h!

Dias!Weiß!Polli!Fontes!Guo(

Leite(Ayala!Venancio!Mager(Kreter!

Nobre(Rocha!de!Souza!

! Tosun!Müller!Nascimento!

!

Heinle!Peregovich!Matschullat!Pereira!De!Melo1Reiners!

! Lunch!&!Poster!Session!! Lecture!hall!

01!Lecture!hall!

02!Lecture!hall!

03!! Lecture!hall!

02!Lecture!hall!

03!

14:00!h!1!

15:30!h!

Aeschbach1Hertig!Imada!Hilgert!Neuffer!

Marchesan!Prates!Yinan!Moraes!

Hopkins(Oliveira!Palheta!Cardoso!Jr.!

Almeida!Francois!Lisboa(Fenrich!!

Frattini!Sperschneider!Schulze!Halm!

! Coffee!break!&!Poster!Session!

16:00!h!1!

18:00!h!

Cas(Lass(Erbe(Marchesan!

Discussion:!“Joined!research”!


Murtinho!


! Albuquerque!Monteiro!Djalma!


Pokorny(Oesselmann!Haltmayer!Hellingrath!!

17:00!h!1!

18:30!h!Official!Poster!Session!

! !18:30!h!

Final!event!Sustainability!in!Art!and!Culture!

19:00!h!1!

21:00!h!

19:00!h!!Trip!with!the!sustainable!boat!

“Neckarsonne”! !

!

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Sunday,04.10.2015;14:00–16:45h;NeueUniversität

14:00-16:45 RegistrationatwelcomedeskUniversitätHeidelbergUniversitätsplatz,Grabengasse1NeueUniversität,groundfloor

Sunday,04.10.2015;17:00h;AlteAula

17:00-19:00 OpeningceremonyUniversitätHeidelbergUniversitätsplatz,Grabengasse1AlteUniversität,AlteAula,1stfloorSimultaneous interpretation: Elisabete Köninger, Marten HenschelChair:UlrikeSosalla,SüdwestpresseUlm

17:00-17:05 Musical framebySandroMachado,Brazilianvocalist, accompaniedbyBenediktMoser,pianist

17:05-17:35 Openingremarks-Prof.Dr.BernhardEitel,PresidentofHeidelbergUniversity- Theresia Bauer,Minister for Science, Research and the Arts Baden-Württemberg

-Prof.Dr.HermanJacobusCornelisVoorwald,SecretaryofEducationoftheStateofSãoPaulo

17:35-17:40 Welcomeaddress

Prof.Dr.UlrichA.Glasmacher,HeidelbergUniversity,InstituteofEarthSciencesandHeidelbergCenterfortheEnvironment

17:40-17:45 Musical framebySandroMachado,Brazilianvocalist, accompaniedbyBenediktMoser,pianist

17:45-18:05 Introductorystatements- Prof.Dr.AbílioAfonsoBaetaNeves,Director President of FundaçãodeAmparoàPesquisadoEstadodoRioGrandedoSul/CounselloratVice Rectorate for Research, Innovation and Development ofPontifíciaUniversidadeCatólicadoRioGrandedoSul

- Prof. Dr. Alexander Siegmund, Heidelberg University of Education,Interdisciplinary Institute for Natural Sciences, Technology, Societyand Department for Geography / Heidelberg University, HeidelbergCenterfortheEnvironmentandInstituteforGeography

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18:05-18:55 Panel discussion on “Sustainable Development in Education –EducationinSustainableDevelopment”- Theresia Bauer,Minister for Science, Research and the Arts Baden-Württemberg

- Prof.Dr.Herman JacobusCornelisVoorwald, SecretaryofEducationoftheStateofSãoPaulo

- Prof.Dr. AbílioAfonsoBaetaNeves,Director-President of FundaçãodeAmparoàPesquisadoEstadodoRioGrandedoSul/CounselloratVice Rectorate for Research, Innovation and Development ofPontifíciaUniversidadeCatólicadoRioGrandedoSul

-ChristophDahl,ManagingDirectorof“Baden-WürttembergStiftung”-Prof.Dr.BernhardEitel,PresidentofHeidelbergUniversity-Prof.Dr.RaimundaMonteiro,RectorofUniversidadeFederaldoOestedoPará

- Prof. Dr. Alexander Siegmund, Heidelberg University of Education,Interdisciplinary Institute for Natural Sciences, Technology, Societyand Department for Geography / Heidelberg University, HeidelbergCenterfortheEnvironmentandInstituteforGeography

18:55-19:00 Musical framebySandroMachado,Brazilianvocalist, accompaniedby

BenediktMoser,pianist

19:00 ReceptionatBelEtagebyinvitationofProf.Dr.BernhardEitel,PresidentofHeidelbergUniversity

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Monday,05.10.2015;08:30–18:00h;NeueUniversität:HS1,HS2,HS3

LectureHall1(HS1):MorningSession

Chair: Marcio Weichert, Ulrich A. Glasmacher

08:30 -‐ 09:00 Keynote lectureAnthony S.F. ChiuJM Reyes Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, DeLa Salle University -‐ Manila, Philippines

09:00 -‐ 09:30 Keynote lectureSita VankaSchool of Management Studies, University ofHyderabad, India

09:30 -‐ 09:50 E.M. BernardesUNESP -‐ Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus de Dracena,Dracena-‐SP, Brazil

09:50 -‐ 10:10 Marcio WeichertCoordinator of the German House of Science andInnovation – São Paulo (DWIH-‐SP), Brazil

10:10 -‐ 10:30

10:30 -‐ 11:00

Chair: Thomas Hirth, Rüdiger Schaldach, Carlos Alberto Aragão

11:00 -‐ 11:20 Sabine KriegFraunhofer IGB, Stuttgart, Germany

11:20 -‐ 11:50 Keynote lectureCarlos Alberto AragãoNational Institute of Metrology, Quality andTechnology, Directorate of Innovation & Technology,Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

11:50 -‐ 12:20 Keynote lectureLiselotte SchebekInstitute IWAR, Technische Universität Darmstadt,Darmstadt, Germany

12:20 -‐ 12:40 Peter EisnerFraunhofer Institute for process engineering andpackaging, Department process development,Freising, Germany

12:50 -‐ 14:00

Green Industry Initiatives in Asia Pacificthrough Eco-‐Industrial Development andRECP

Discussion: "possible Joined Research Projects"

The role of Brazil in the global bioeconomy

Capacity Building– A Sustainable Approachfor Continuing Education of Women in IndianBusinesses

Coffee break & Poster Session

Lunch & Poster Session

Biofuels and Land Use Change: Mitigationoptions from Regional “Good Governance”

Interaction between social and naturalcapital stocks in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil

Bioeconomy in Baden-‐Württemberg

Session 06: Bioeconomy

Science and Business: How does the DWIH-‐SPbring them together?

Innovative processing of oil seeds forsimultaneous recovery of edible oil, solid fuel,antioxidants, and protein-‐rich foodingredients

Session 08: Economy

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LectureHall1(HS1):AfternoonSession

14:00 -‐ 14:20 O.A.T. DiasCollege of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo StateUniversity (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil

14:20 -‐ 14:40 Oriana Landa-‐CasignoCIATEC, Technology Department, Leon, Guanajuato,Mexico, University College London; Civil,Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, London,United Kingdom

14:40 -‐ 15:00 Heike BradlUniversity of Applied Sciences Trier, Germany

15:00 -‐ 15:20 Mauricio G FonsecaChemistry Metrology Department, National Instituteof Metrology, Quality and Technology, Rio deJaneiro, Brazil

15:30 -‐ 16:00

16:00 -‐ 16:30

16:30 -‐ 17:00

17:00 -‐ 18:30 Official Poster Session -‐ Session 06, 08


Use of Seaweed and Macroalgae by means ofHydrothermal



Feasibility study to implement anaerobicdigesters for agricultural and manure wastes:Guanajuato, Mexico case study

Adsorptive material from Biomass

Studies of lignin powder as reinforcement forplastics composites

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Monday,05.10.2015;08:30–18:00h;NeueUniversität:PosterArea

Poster

Chair: Marcio Weichert, Ulrich A. Glasmacher

C.R. Ferreira

A.F. Schlichting

C. Schoenberger

Chair: Thomas Hirth, Rüdiger Schaldach, Carlos Alberto Aragão

Daniela Baris

O.A.T. Dias

Anna Hampf

A.L. Leao

Michael Walz

Session 08: Economy

Comparison between the German’s and theBrazilian’s laws for renewable energy and thepossibilities of improvements in Brazil

Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Brazil

Economic and environmental sustainability ofsmall municipalities aided by the FederalUniversity of Mato Grosso do Sul usinggeotechnologies

Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil

Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering andPlasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart,Stuttgart, Germany

Carbohydrate-‐based polymers for theencapsulation by spray-‐drying as a substitutefor microplastics

Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, LeibnizCentre for Agricultural Research (ZALF),Müncheberg, Germany

Simulated future soybean productivitythroughout Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazil

Comparative analysis of reward sanctioninstruments and their application in Braziland Germany


College of Agricultural Sciences (FCA), São PauloState University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil

Piteira and banana fibres as reinforcement inlignin based polypropylene composites

Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Brazil

Institut für Technische Chemie (ITC), KarlsruherInstitut für Technologie (KIT), Germany

Ashes – Recovery of Nutrients from AshesProduced by Thermochemical ProcessesBased on Bagasse or Bagasse

College of Agricultural Sciences (FCA), São PauloState University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil

Comparative Study of Kraft Lignin fromDifferent Sources for Composites Applications

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Chair: Bertil Mächtle, André Jasper

08:30 -‐ 09:00 Keynote lectureAndré JasperCentro Universitário Univates (PPGAD/UNIVATES),Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

09:00 -‐ 09:20 Simon MayerInstitute of Environmental Physics, University ofHeidelberg, Germany

09:20 -‐ 09:40 Mariela SecchiBotany and Palaeobotany Sector, Museum of NaturalScience, Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Lajeado,Brazil

09:40 -‐ 10:00 Bertil MächtleInstitute of Geography and HCE, HeidelbergUniversity, Germany

10:00 10:20 Jörg MatschullatInterdisciplinary Environment Research Centre, TUBergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany

10:30 -‐ 11:00

11:00 -‐ 11:30 Keynote lectureJiang TongNational Climate Center, CMA, Beijing, China

11:30 -‐ 12:00 Keynote lectureMarcelo LeppeChilean Antarctic Institute, Punta Arenas, Chile

12:00 -‐ 12:30

12:30 -‐ 14:00

Session 02: Paleoclimate/Climate Change

Caatinga and Cerrado vegetation reaction toregional climate change in north-‐easternBrazil

Drought and its Impact on Socio-‐economy

Using archaeobotanical analysis tounderstand the pre-‐colonial occupations forTaquari Valley, Rio Grande do Sul State,Brazil


Antarctica: a natural laboratory and a change sensor



The Gondwanan Late Paleozoicicehouse/greenhouse cycle: apalaeobotanical approach to understandactual and future climate change.

The role of soil air composition for noble gaspaleotemperature reconstructions in tropicalregions

Precolumbian cultural dynamics in southernPeru and the role of climatic variability

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Chair: Bernd Eisenberg

14:00 -‐ 14:30 Keynote lectureBernd EisenbergInstitute of Landscape Planning and Ecology,University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

14:30 -‐ 14:50 V.G. SilvaSchool of Civil Engineering, Architecture and UrbanDesign, University of Campinas – UNICAMP,Campinas, Brazil

14:50 -‐ 15:10 D. C.C.K. KowaltowskiSchool of Civil Engineering, Architecture and UrbanDesign, University of Campinas – UNICAMP,Campinas, Brazil

15:10 -‐ 15:30 João Mauricio Castaldelli-‐MaiaDepartment of Psychiatry, Medical School, Universityof São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

15:30 -‐ 16:00

16:00 -‐ 16:30 Keynote lectureJ.D. SilvaPPGEA/FURB, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil

16:30 -‐ 16:50 Andre L.Q. ReisCentro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza,Universidade Federal da Paraíba, PRODEMA UFPB,João Pessoa, Brazil

16:50 -‐ 17:10 Manon GarciaPontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brasil

17:10 -‐ 17:30

17:30 -‐ 18:00

17:00 -‐ 18:30

Session 12: Cities of the Future -‐ Megacities -‐ Urban Areas

A Sustainability Index in a Environmentalbasin: An alternative approach to urban rivermanagement and planning


Aspects of Environmental Sustainability inBlumenau City, State of Santa Catarina

Official Poster Session -‐ Session 02, 12


São Paulo Megacity: investigating a generalmodel of causality involving the extremeurban environment and mental disorders

Adapting Strategies for Integrated UrbanPlanning -‐ Challenges and Limitations

Sustainability performance tracking of socialhousing programs: the tale of two projects inBrazil

“Minha Casa Minha Vida” housing program:the gap between what we know and whatwe should know

Urban ecosocioeconomics: socialsustainability indicators for accidents ofbicycle and motorbike messengers in Brazil

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PosterA

Chair: Bertil Mächtle, André Jasper

Vitor José Rampaneli Almeida

T.S. CostaFederal University of Western, Santarém, Pará, BrasilJ. Monfroi

I.C. OsterkampBotany and Palaeobotany Sector, Museum of NaturalScience, Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Lajeado,Brazil

Anatomical analysis of artificially charredwood of Araucaria angustifolia from RioGrande do Sul and its palaeontologicalimplications

Session 02: Paleoclimate/Climate Change

Characterization, synthesis and application ofzeolites obtained from Amazon kaolin

Universidade Anhanguera Educacional, São Paulo, Brazil

Paleoclimatic interpretations through theanalysis of rock paintings in the Serra daCapiva National Park

Museu de Ciências Naturais, Setor de Botânica ePaleobotânica, Centro Universitário Univates,Lajeado, Brazil

Successive Palaeowildfires events in RioBonito Formation levels, Lower Permian,Paraná Basin

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PosterB

Chair: Bernd Eisenberg

Reiner Jäger

L.F.F. Miranda

K.R.A. Nunes

A.L.Q. Reis

E.D. Saatkamp

V.A. Fernandes

K. R. A. Nunes

R.S. Pegado

R.S. Pegado

Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Núcleo deGeotecnologias, Universidade Federal da SantaMaria, Santa Maria, Brazil

The Geodetic Network used for environmentgeoreferenced surveys and mapping in Brazil

Geographisches Institut, Mathematisch-‐Naturwissen-‐schaftliche Fakultät, Tübingen, Germany

Resilience of Urban Mobility: A ResearchIntroduction

Session 12: Cities of the Future -‐ Megacities -‐ Urban Areas

Department of Informatics, Federal Institute ofEducation, Science and Technology of Pernambuco,Recife, Brazil

Environmental monitoring of pollutantsrelated to climate change using sensors oflow cost

Institute IWAR, Chair of Material Flow Managementand Resource Economy, Technische UniversitätDarmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Comparative LCA of treatment options forpackaging and residual waste in Germany:Case study

PRODEMA UFPB e Centro Universitário João PessoaUNIPE João Pessoa, Brazil

Dashboard Sustainability applied in a Cuiáriver basin, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

Institute of Applied Research (IAF), KarlsruheUniversity of Applied Sciences (HSKA), Karlsruhe,Germany

Flight Control and Navigation for scalable andarbitrarily dimensioned UAV and mannedMulticopters

Institute IWAR, Chair of Material Flow Managementand Resource Economy, Technische UniversitätDarmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Environmental strategies for packaging wastein Brazil: the case of Rio de Janeiro

Institute for Technology and Resources Managementin the Tropics and Subtropics (ITT), CologneUniversity of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany

Analisys of flood in Belém-‐Pará-‐Brazil usingthe DPSIR tool

Institute for Technology and Resources Managementin the Tropics and Subtropics (ITT), CologneUniversity of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany

Risk analysis of urban flooding in lowlandareas

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Chair: Moriz Vohrer

08:30 -‐ 09:00 Keynote lectureMoriz VohrerThe Gold Standard Foundation, Freiburg, Germany

09:00 -‐ 09:30 Keynote lectureMaria del Carmen Alvarez EncisoCenter for Environmental Monitoring Purpose,Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Luque, Paraguay

09:30 -‐ 09:50 Evgeny LatynskiyDepartment of Land Use Economics in the Tropics &Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart,Germany

09:50 -‐ 10:10 Lucia Chamlian Munari Department of Land Use Economics in the Tropicsand Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart,Germany

10:10 -‐ 10:30 Thomas WinklerInstitute of System Sciences, Innovation andSustainability Research, University of Graz, Graz,Austria

10:30 -‐ 11:00

Chair: Peter Spathelf

11:00 -‐ 11:30 Keynote lecturePeter SpathelfFaculty of Forest and Environment, EberswaldeUniversity for Sustainable Development, Eberswalde,Germany

11:30 -‐ 11:50 Jörg MatschullatInterdisciplinary Environmental Research Centre, TUBergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany

11:50 -‐ 12:10 Ana Cristina MiolaBusiness and Environment Department, PontifíciaUniversidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS),Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil

12:10 -‐ 12:30 J.A.A. SilvaDepartment of Forest Science, Federal RuralUniversity of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco,Brazil

12:30 -‐ 14:00 Lunch & Poster Session

German and Brazilian experiences and practices

Productivity of fast-‐growth forests in the semiarid zone of Pernambuco, Brazil

Decreasing greenhouse gas emissions of meat products through food waste reduction -‐ Framework for a sustainability impact assessment approach


Tropical plantation forestry in transition – from uniform ‘tree farms’ to diverse production systems with added value

Pedogeochemical mapping in north-‐eastern Brazil: a matter of scale

Carbon Markets -‐ How can forestry benefit from it?

Study on the Vulnerability and Impact of Climate Change on the Great American Chaco (Gran Chaco Americano)

Can farmers in Mato Grosso benefit from the adoption of low-‐carbon agricultural and forestry systems?

Agent-‐based assessment of GHG emissions from agricultural land use systems in Mato Grosso, Brazil

Session 10: Agriculture, Forestry

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Chair: Carlos Henrique Nauiack

14:00 -‐ 14:30 Keynote lectureCarlos Henrique NauiackUniversidade Estadual do Centro Oeste/UNICENTRO,Irati, Brazil

14:30 -‐ 14:50 Florentin JaegerDepartment of Forest Economics and Forest BusinessStudies, University of Applied Forest SciencesRottenburg, Rottenburg, Germany

14:50 -‐ 15:10 Karin Marita NaaseInstitute for Comparative Cultural Research,Department of Cultural and Social Anthropology,Philipps-‐University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,

15:10 -‐ 15:30 Carlos José Sousa PassosFaculty UnB at Planaltina & Centre for SustainableDevelopment, University of Brasília, Brasília (DF),Brazil

15:30 -‐ 16:00

16:00 -‐ 16:20 Reiner JägerInstitute of Applied Research (IAF), KarlsruheUniversity of Applied Sciences (HSKA), Karlsruhe,Germany

16:20 -‐ 17:00

17:00 -‐ 18:30


Official Poster Session -‐ Session 10

Forest utilization by private forest owners inParaná

Poor Land Use, Poor Health: primaryprevention of human health through soundland-‐use for small-‐scale farmers of the humidtropic -‐ The PLUPH Project


What are the impacts of the new Brazilianlegislation on forests from 2001 on thebehavior of the local forest owners in regardto the forest treatment? Are there anychanges visible because of the revision in2012?

The rush on the tropical rainforest: strategiesof appropriation and reconfiguration ofnature and local population at the lowerAmazon and Tapajós Rivers in West-‐Pará,Brazil

Flight Contral and Navigation for Scalableand arbitaily dimensioned UAV and mannedMulticopters


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PosterA

Chair: Moriz Vohrer, Peter Spathelf, Carlos Nauiack

Cleverson de Mello

Victoria R.S. Ferreira

Manuel Esteban Lucas-‐Borja

Lutz Michaelis

D.A. Neuwald

L.C. Munari

M.A. Rios

Valdemir Antonio Rodrigues

Master program SENCE, University of Applied ForestSciences Rottenburg, Germany

Innovative biomass production from root andstump wood of Eucalyptus Grandis for energygeneration in Brazil

Competence Centre for Fruit Growing, LakeConstance, and Physiology of Specialty Crops,University of Hohenheim, Ravensburg, Germany

Can the optimization of air flow in commercialCA storage room for apples reduce theconsumption of energy?

Institute of Agricultural Economics and SocialSciences in the Tropics and Subtropics, Departmentfor Land Use Economics in the Tropics andSubtropics, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart,Germany

Modelling human-‐environment interactions ina mallholder agricultural system on theAtlantic Rainforest (Ribeira Valley, SP. Brazil),with the use of a coupled socio-‐ecologicalmodel

Federal University of the West Pará UFOPA-‐PROPPIT,Salé, Santarém-‐PA, Brazil

Sustainable production of priprioca essentialoil in the West Amazon

Department of Forest, Faculty of Agricultural Science,Universidade Estadual Paulista, FCA/UNESP,Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

Flow rate and water infiltration in threecovers soil

Department of Agroforestry Technology and Scienceand Genetics, School of Advanced AgriculturalEngineering, Castilla La Mancha University, CampusUniversitario s/n, Albacete, Spain

Evaluation of flow in watershed in Villa MaleaSpain


Faculdade de Engenharias, Universidade Federal doMato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande – MS, Brazil

Economic Income of Reduced Impact Logging(RIL) in the Amazon: the case of the NationalForest Jamari

Biodiversity and Forest Institute, UniversidadeFederal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, Santarém, Brazil

Correlation analysis of chemical and energeticproperties between base and branch ofPiptadenia suaveolens native from BrazilianAmazon

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PosterB



Franciele F. Rovani

Franciele F. Rovani

Juliano B. Santos

J.A.A. Silva

J.A.A. Silva

Emanuela de Sousa Valentim

Marcio VieraFederal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil

B. Vollmar

The main aspects of soy production in themunicipality of Santarém, Pará, Brazil

Competence Centre for Fruit Growing -‐ LakeConstance, and Physiology of Specialty Crops,University of Hohenheim, Ravensburg, Germany

Can the use of new storage strategies providepossible energy savings during apple storage?


Graduation Program in Geography, FederalUniversity of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil

Cultivation of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) in RioGrande do Sul, Brazil and climaticrequeriments

Graduation Program in Geography, FederalUniversity of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil

Ecological-‐Economic Zoning of SilveiraMartins-‐RS, Brazil

Department of Soils and Environmental Resources,Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo StateUniversity, Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, SP – Brazil

Water infiltration in the soil in vegetationcover of grassy

Carbon stocks in a hybrid Eucalyptusplantation in southern Brazil

Spatial occupation of the eucalyptusplantations and sustainable forestmanagement plans (sfmp) of caatinga in semiarid region of Pernambuco-‐Brazil

Department of Forest Science, Federal RuralUniversity of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco,Brazil

Productivity and survival rate of three forestspecies in agrestic southern of Pernambuco,Brazil

Department of Forest Science, Federal RuralUniversity of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco,Brazil

Economics, Federal University of Western Pará -‐UFOPA,Santarém, Pará, Brazil


Evaluation of rainfall, throughfall andinterception by canopies trees in pinushalepensis -‐ albacete -‐ spain


Soil physical evaluation of Eucalyptus grandisreforestation in the periods dry and rainy

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Monday,05.10.2015;18:30–21:00h;NeueUniversität:OpeningofExhibitions

18:30-18:35 WelcomeProf.Dr.UlrichA.Glasmacher

18:45-19:05 IntroductionandguidedtourthroughtheexhibitionMINHASPRonaldGrätz,Stuttgart

19:05-19:20 Introduction:ArtisticobjectsofCristinaBarroso

19:20-19:30 Introduction: Exhibition about “Fritz Müller” (German naturalist thatimmigrated from Germany to Brazil in the 19th Century and continuedresearchinBiologyinBrazil)Dr. Rainer Radtke, Baden-Württembergisches Brasilien-Zentrum derUniversitätTübingen

19:30-21:00 MusicandDance“forall”refreshments

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Tuesday,06.10.2015;08:30–18:00h;NeueUniversität:HS1,HS2


Chair: Kátia Madruga, Michael Hiete, Bernhard G. Peregovich

1. Energy

08:30 -‐ 09:00 Keynote lectureCarsten TschamberSolar Cluster Baden Württemberg e.V., Germany

09:00 -‐ 09:30 Keynote lectureKátia MadrugaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil

09:30 -‐ 09:50 Julian PintoTrier University of Applied Sciences, Trier, Germany

09:50 -‐ 10:10 Lutz MichaelisTechnology University of Applied Sciences Stuttgart,Stuttgart, Germany

10:10 -‐ 10:30 Patrícia Nunes Lima BianchiSalesian University Center of São Paulo, Brazil

10:30 -‐ 11:00

11:00 -‐ 11:20 Björn HagemannSEW Eurodrive, Germany

11:20 -‐ 11:40 Dietmar BrakemeierFichtner GmbH & Co. KG, Stuttgart, Germany

2. Mineral, ore deposits, Mining

11:40 -‐ 12:10 Keynote lectureBernhard G. PeregovichUniversidade Federal of West Pará, Brazil

12:10 -‐ 12:40 Keynote lecture

Michael HieteCenter for Environmental Systems Research,University Kassel, Germany

12:40 -‐ 14:00

Gold and Diamond mining in the AmazonRain Forest -‐ Ecologic, Economic, Social andEnvironmental Challenges

Photovoltaics in Brazil -‐ feasibility ofvertically integrated module production

Industrial energy efficiency management inBrazil: public policies, regulations standardsand actors


The Brazilian Electricity Market -‐ Specifics,Risks and Chances

The social inclusion and access to renewableenergy for low income population, throughthe reference project “Qualification of thepopulation to install and use the low-‐costsolar hot water heater”

Solar energy for social housing program inBrazil: advantages, limitations andchallenges

The implementation of renewable energies inBrazil and the European Union: diagnosis andgeneral perspectives

Premium efficiency motors sustainablycontribute to climate protection – Normativeand legal requirements of Brazil andGermany in comparison

Session 04: Energy, Minerals, Ore deposits, Mining


Standard setting for mineral raw materials –a chance for more sustainability in newlyindustrialized countries?

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14:00 -‐ 14:20 Heike BradlUniversity of Applied Sciences Trier, Germany

14:20 -‐ 14:40 Carlos José Sousa Passos

14:40 -‐ 15:00 Mario SchmidtPforzheim University, Germany

15:00 -‐ 15:20 Florian FreundtInstitute of Environmental Physics and HeidelbergCenter for the Environment, Heidelberg University,Heidelberg, Germany

15:30 -‐ 16:00

16:00 -‐ 16:30

16:30 -‐ 17:00

17:00 -‐ 18:30 Official Poster Session -‐ Session 04


Mercury emissions in artisanal gold mining inthe Amazonas region and the problem ofconsidering Social Life Cycle Assessments


Geothermal energy exploration using heliumisotopes in shallow

Perspectives of the Sustainable Use ofBiochar from Hydrothermal CarbonizationProcess (HTC) in Agriculture

No good answer to a wrong question:tracking the source of Hg in the AmazonFaculty UnB at Planaltina & Centre for Sustainable

Development, University of Brasília, Brasília (DF),Brazil


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Tuesday,06.10.2015;08:30–18:00h;NeueUniversität:PosterArea

Poster

Chair: Kátia Madruga, Michael Hiete, Bernhard Peregovich

Patryck de Araújo Ayala

Eduardo Lima Costa

Regionaldo Geremias

Regionaldo Geremias

Tathilene B. M. Gomes Arruda

Ana Paula Rengel Gonçalves

Kátia Madruga

L.L.O. RosaInstitute for Higher Studies of the Amazon, Belém,Pará, BrazilAlexandre Siqueira da Silva

Alexandre Siqueira da Silva

Flávia J. Uchoa

Camila P. do Valle

Institute of Engineering and Geosciences, Scienceand Technology Program, Santarém, Brazil

Isolated scaling photovoltaic systems in theAmazon

Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry,Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-‐CE, Brazil

Transesterification of oleic acid usingmethanol and mesoporous silica catalyst

Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry,Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-‐CE, Brazil

Synthetic esters with lubricating propertiesfrom modified Castor Oil

Sizing and Installation of Micro PhotovoltaicSystem isolated for sustainable developmentin São Círiaco do Urucurituba community thecity of Santarém -‐ Pará

Institute of Engineering and Geosciences, Scienceand Technology Program, Santarém, Brazil

Energy Engineering, Federal University of SantaCatarina, Araranguá, Brazil

Study of Brazilian Environmental LawRegulating Coal Mining Industry in SantaCatarina State


A brief study on the legal system history ofthe Brazilian energy sector

Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-‐CE, Brazil

Using of the sesame biomass (Sesamumindicum) as raw material for the productionof biolubricants

Performance evaluation of an LED reflectorsolar-‐powered in Belém, Pará

Law Department, Federal University of SantaCatarina (UFSC), Florianópolis/SC, Brazil

Climate change and renewable energies: alegal approach of the case of biofuelsproduction and use in Brazil


Energy efficiency and management: someexamples of German organizations


Institute of Geoscience and Engineering, Program inScience and Technology, Santarém, Brazil

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterisationof Crystalline Layered Lithium ManganeseOxide from Mn ores as Natural Source

Energy and climate changes: the social andenvironmental impacts of the hydroeletricsFederal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT). General

Attorney of Mato Grosso State. Cuiabá/MT, Brazil

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Chair: Marcus Koch, William Vale, Vera Lucia Imperatriz Fonseca

08:30 -‐ 09:00 Keynote lectureVera Lucia Imperatriz FonsecaUSP, São Paulo, Brazil

09:00 -‐ 09:20 Eliane Cristina Pinto Moreira

Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis,Brazil

09:20 -‐ 09:40 Marcus KochCentre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg,Heidelberg University, Germany

09:40 -‐ 10:10 Keynote lectureJ.F. Rêgo MatosUniversidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarem,Brazil

10:10 -‐ 10:30 Neusa Gonzaga de Santana PresslerUniversidade da Amazônia Belém, Brazil

10:30 -‐ 11:00

11:00 -‐ 11:30 Keynote lectureWilliam G. ValeUniversidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarem,Brazil

11:30 -‐ 11:50 Gerhard GeroldLandscape Ecology, University Göttingen, Germany

11:50 -‐ 12:10 Andreas MayerAlfred Kärcher GmbH & Co. KG

12:10 -‐ 12:40

12:40 -‐ 14:00

A Heritage of Biodiversity in Heidelberg Botanic Garden: Werner Rauh’s Collections from Brazil.

Cattle in the brazilian Amazon: the importance of a systematic view


What is next for sustainable use and conservation of ecosystem services in Brazil?

The Brazilian Law of Use and Biodiversity Access and Associated Traditional Knowledge and its incompatibility with the Treaties About the theme

Ethnobiodiversity, Sustainability and Traditional Knowledge: Cultural Practices in the Region of the Alter do Chão Aquifer, Focusing on the Conservation of the Amazon Rainforest

Brazil -‐ Germany and the cooperation for dissemination and practices of sustainable development in the Amazon

Session 05: Biodiversity


Winnenden site landscaped close to nature

Carbon sequestration, biodiversity and social structures in Southern Amazonia: models and implementation of carbon-‐optimized land management strategies (carbiocial)


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Chair: Jutta Weber, Marie-‐Luise Frey

14:00 -‐ 14:30 Keynote lectureMargarete PatzakUNESCO, Earth Sciences and Geohazards RiskReduction Section, Division of Ecological and EarthSciences, Paris, France

14:30 -‐ 15:00 Keynote lectureNikolaos ZourosGlobal and European Geoparks Network, Greece

15:00 -‐ 15:30 Keynote lectureElizabeth SilvaPortuguese National Commission for UNESCO,Lisboa, Portugal

15:30 -‐ 16:00

Chair: Nikolaos Zouros

16:00 -‐ 16:30 Keynote lectureLi JiangfengChina University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China

16:30 -‐ 16:50 Pletsch, M.A.J.SUniversity of São Paulo, Brazil

16:50 -‐ 17:10 Thais GuimarãesFederal University of Pernambuco, Brazil

17:10 -‐ 17:30 Jutta WeberGlobal Geopark Bergstrasse-‐Odenwald, Lorsch,Germany

17:30 -‐ 17:50 Marie-‐Luise FreyUNESCO World Heritage Site Messel Pit, Messel,Germany

17:00 -‐ 18:30 Official Poster Session -‐ Session 05, 11

Global Geoparks – Looking towards thefuture

Building bridges between Sciences andEducation: The role of the Global Geoparks

Geotourism and the Sustainable Exploitationof the Chinese Geoparks: A case study ofJingpohu Global geopark, China


Geotourism at Messel Pit World Heritage(WHS, Germany) by Earth Science Transfer &Geo-‐education offers: OUV, CI & media toraise public awareness

Global Geoparks : Networking andcollaboration between Europe and LatinAmerica

Feasibility of sustainable tourismimplementation in protected areas:comparative analyse between Colônia(Brazil) and Ries (Germany) Craters

Geo-‐education towards the interdisciplinarityand sustainable development. Study case atCabo de Santo Agostinho (Pernambuco,Brazil)

Global Geopark Bergstrasse-‐Odenwald(Germany): Sustainable development by geo-‐education, communication, regionalcooperation and international networking

Session 11: Global Geoparks & World Heritage Sites

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Tuesday,06.10.2015;08:30–18:00h;NeueUniversität:PosterArea

Poster

Chair: Markus Koch, Vera Lucia Imperatriz Foncesca, William G. Vale

Diana Vieira Brito

R.F. Gonçalves

I.R. Machado

Florian Raub

M.T.S. Trevisan

Chair: Jutta Weber, Marie-‐Luise Frey

Mônica Amorim

Marjorie Kauffmann

M. Margareth E. R. Lima

Session 05: Biodiversity

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia,Grupo de Pesquisas em Abelhas, Manaus,Brazil

Genetics of sex determination in Meliponastingless bees and its relation to conservationand management of native pollinators

Education Institute, Universidade Federal doPará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

Indigenous health and biodiversity in theBrazilian Amazon

The Independece Square at Corumbá: itshistory and typological identification asrelevant element for a Geopark Project in theMato Grosso do Sul State (Brazil)

Departamento de Arquitetura, UFMS, CampoGrande, Brazil

UFOPA-‐Federal University of the West Pará,PROPPIT, Salé, Santarém-‐PA, Brazil

Biological assays of extracts from industrialresidues of “priprioca” (Cyperus articulatusvar. nodosus) in Amazon rainforest

State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe,Karlsruhe, Germany

From data to knowledge -‐ A metadata portalon scientific studies in the southern MataAtlântica of Brazil

Departamento de Química Orgânica eInorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará,Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

Chemical study of coffea arabica leaves:angiotensin converting enzyme andantioxidant potential

Geoparks, geoproducts and local sustainabledevelopment

Instituto de Geociências, UNICAMP, Campinas,Brazil

Proposal to new geotourist sites fromParnaíba Basin in "Monumento Natural dasÁrvores Fossilizadas", Tocantins State, Brazil

Session 11: Global Geoparks & World Heritage Sites

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Tuesday,06.10.2015:19:00–20:30h;AlteAula:PublicLecture

19:00-19:05 WelcomeandintroductionProf. Dr. Stephen K. Hashmi, Heidelberg University, Vice-PresidentforResearchandStructure

19:05-20:30 ATTO, a Giant tower for Climate Research in the AMAZON: Theadventureofplanning,constructionanduseProf. Dr. Jürgen Kesselmeier, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry,Mainz

ATTOstandsforAmazonianTallTowerObservatory.TheGerman-Brazilianjointprojectwaslaunchedin2009and iscoordinatedbytheMaxPlanck InstituteforChemistry.Thetoweraimsatdeliveringground-breakingfindings,whichwillbethebasisforimprovedclimatemodels.Withaheightof300meters the towerwill extend the ground-level boundary layer, andwill provide information takenfromapproximately100squarekilometresfromtheworld´slargestforestarea.TheAmazonregionisof global significance: it produces half of the word´s oxygen, impacts the water cycle throughevaporationandstabilizestheclimate.

ATTO is the counterpart of the 2006 completed ZOTTO tower that stands in Siberia and theMaxPlanckInstituteofChemistryisalsoinvolved.ATTOwillintegrateintoanexistingstructureofsmallerBrazilianmeasuring towers. The cost for the construction of ATTO including the first five years ofrunningcostsisestimatedtobe8.4million€whichwillbefinancedbyGermanyandBrazilinequalparts.http://www.mpic.de/en/research/collaborative-projects/atto.html

„ATTO“,theAmazonianTallTowerObservatory(http://www.mpic.de)

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Wednesday,07.10.2015;08:30–18:00h;NeueUniversität:HS1,HS2,HS3


Chair: J. W. Metzger, D. Neuffer, M. Zimmer, P. Hackspacher

08:30 -‐ 09:00 Keynote lectureRoberto Ventura SantosBrazilian Geological Survey -‐ CPRM, UNB, Brazil

09:00 -‐ 09:20 Hagen KochPotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research,Potsdam, Germany

09:20 -‐ 09:40 S.D. PereiraMinas Gerais State Government, Secretariat forInstitutions Relations, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,Brazil

09:40 -‐ 10:00 Rene HöferDepartment Groundwater Remediation, HelmholtzCenter for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig,Germany

10:00 -‐ 10:30

10:30 -‐ 10:50 D.F. DiasSantarem, Brazil

10:50 -‐ 11:10 Holger WeißHelmholtz-‐Zentrum für Umwelt; HochschuleWeihenstephan-‐Triesdorf; Technische UniversitätDresden, Germany

11:10 -‐ 11:30 B.A. PolliGraduate Program on Water Resources andEnvironmental Engineering, Federal University ofParaná, Curitiba, Brazil

11:30 -‐ 11:50 Roberto F.C. FontesCampus do Litoral, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP),São Vicente, Brazil

11:50 -‐ 12:20 Keynote lectureQingjun GuoCenter for Environmental Remediation, Institute ofGeographic Sciences and Natural ResourcesResearch, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

12:20 -‐ 14:00

Challenges of an integrated water resourcemanagement for the Distrito Federal,Western Central Brazil: climate, land-‐use andwater resources

Modeling of temperature stratificationpatterns for a large run of a river reservoir inthe North of Brazil

Circulation in the State Marine Park of Lajede Santos (SP, Brazil)

Environmental Quality of water and soil inBeijing, China


Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Flowin Santarém-‐PA-‐Brazil county area

Climate and land use changes in the SãoFrancisco river basin, Brazil

Paraopeba River Basin Program

The analysis of urban pattern for anIntegrated Water Resources Management inthe Distrito Federal do Brazil


The Amazon Basin: learning how does it work

Session 03: Water and Ocean

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14:00 -‐ 14:20 Werner Aeschbach-‐HertigInstitute of Environmental Physics and HeidelbergCenter for the Environment and HCE,HeidelbergUniversity, Heidelberg, Germany

14:20 -‐ 14:40 Rafael G. ImadaSão Carlos – SP/Brazil

14:40 -‐ 15:00 S. HilgertInstitute for Water and River Basin Management,Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe,Germany,

15:00 -‐ 15:20 Daniela Neuffer provides talk of C.F. FerreiraChair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling,Stuttgart University, Germany

15:30 -‐ 16:00

16:00 -‐ 16:30 Keynote lectureMargarete Casagrande Lass ErbeUniversidade Federal do Paraná, PPGMAUI, Curitiba,Brazil

16:30 -‐ 16:50 Ana Maria MarchesanPublic Prosecution Service and Federal University ofRio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil

16:50 -‐ 17:30

17:00 -‐ 18:30

The prior notification obligation betweenmember states of La Plata Basin in hydraulicexploitation


Groundwater depletion: Global overview andregional examples


Enhancing reservoir management with hydro-‐acoustic information

Discussion: "possible Joined Water Research Projects"

Evaluation of the feeding in biodigesters for ademand-‐driven biogas supply for flexiblepower generation

Medical waste: why is it so dangerous?

WaterCAD as a modeling tool to reducewater loss in the city of Pederneiras -‐ SãoPaulo State, Brazil


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Wednesday,07.10.2015;08:30–18:00h;NeueUniversität:PosterArea

Poster

Chair: Jörg W. Metzger, Daniela Neuffer, Martin Zimmer, Peter C. Hackspacher

Laura S. CorrêaFederal University of Western Pará, Santarém,BrazilCarolina Doranti-‐Tirtian

J.C.R. Ferreira

Roberto F. C. Fontes

Oriana Landa-‐Casigno

Flávia Lima

Suzana Pereira Polak

Barbara C. SmirdaleFederal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba,BrazilCarina Zang


Analysis of the variety of water qualityparameters of Amazon River, in Peru,Colombia and Brazil

Instituto de Estudos Avançados do Mar,UNESP, São Vicente, Brazil

Heavy metals in seawaters of the stuarineregion of Itanhaém River Drainage Basin (SP-‐Brazil)

Companhia de Saneamento do Paraná(SANEPAR), Unidade de Serviço de GestãoAmbiental (USGA), Curitiba, Brazil

Evaluation of the use of powder activatedcarbon for removal of emergingmicropollutants from wastewater

Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus do Litoral, SãoVicente, Brazil

Extreme Climate Events in the Estuary ofSantos (SP, Brazil)

Civil, Environmental and GeomaticEngineering, University College London,London, United Kingdom

Urban water reuse, benefits and linkages withenvironmental services

Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Institut ofUrban and Industrial Water Management,Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden,Germany

The Importance of Improved WaterTreatment Technologies Applied in ProducedWater

Comparing drinking water reservationsystems between Brazil and Germany

Programa de Pós-‐Graduação em MeioAmbiente Urbano e Industrial, UniversidadeFederal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba(PPGMAUI), Brazil

Phosphorus and fluorine removal from anacidic effluent of mining by chemicalprecipitation using calcium sources.

Heidelberg Center for the Environment,Heidelberg, Germany

Water quality conflicts: The arid HuascoValley – Chile during the last 25 years

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Chair: James Brews1. Sustainability in the international context

08:30 -‐ 09:00 Keynote lectureWolfgang KahlInstitute for German and European administrativelaw, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg researchcenter for sustainability, Heidelberg Center for theEnvironment, Germany

09:00 -‐ 09:20 Fabricio Bertini Pasquot PolidoMinas Gerais, Brazil

09:20 -‐ 09:40 Christiane DeraniFlorianópolis, Brazil

09:40 -‐ 10:00 Giulia Manccini PinheiroFlorianópolis, Brazil

10:00 -‐ 10:30

2. Sustainability, new technologies and crisis management

10:30 -‐ 11:00 Keynote lectureJosé Rubens Morato LeiteDepartamento de Direito, UFSC, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Brazil

11:00 -‐ 11:20 Patryck de Araújo AyalaFederal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), General Attorney of Mato Grosso State, Cuiabá/MT, Brazil,

11:20 -‐ 11:40 Marina Demaria VenâncioLaw Department, Federal University of SantaCatarina (UFSC),Florianópolis, Brazil

3. Sustainability, water law and fait accompli

11:40 -‐ 12:10 Keynote lecture

Ute MagerInstitut für deutsches und europäischesVerwaltungsrecht und Heidelberg Center for theEnvironment, Heidelberg University, Germany

12:10 -‐ 12:30 Kristina KreterCologne University, Germany and AutonomousUniversity of San Luis Potosi (UASLP), Mexico


Analysis of governance potentials andconstraints for decentralized rural sanitationsolutions in Rio de Janeiro


Disaster law in Brazil: Challenges in theglobal climate change era

Environmental Law in north-‐southcommercial relations

Environmental Refugees: The Brazilianposition on Haiti immigration after the 2010earthquake

The regulation of new technologies as a wayto secure a sustainable future: Labelling ofgenetic modified organisms in Brazil andGermany

European Environmental Law andSustainability – An Introduction

Constitutional environmental Law in Brazil:Jurisprudence in National High Court (STJ)

The meaning of sustainable development inwater law

Making states and internationalorganizations extra-‐compliant to social andenvironmental safeguards: human rights andsustainable development as guidingprinciples for multilateral and bilateralfinancing projects (PAINEL)

Session 07: Law

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14:00 -‐ 14:20 Ana Maria Moreira MarchesanLaw Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis/SC, Brazil

4. Sustainability and waste law

14:20 -‐ 14:40 Luisa Ferolla Spyer PratesWASTE, Stuttgart University, Germany

14:40 -‐ 15:00 Yinan Tu School of Public Administration, China University ofGeosciences,Wuhan, P.R.China

15:00 -‐ 15:20 Kamila Guimarães de MoraesPostgraduate Program in Law, Federal University ofSanta Catarina, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil

15:30 -‐ 16:00

16:00 -‐ 16:30

17:00 -‐ 18:30

Transition of dumpsites to sanitary landfill –Analysis of Brazilian situation

Rural Waste Dilemma in China: Law, Policiesand its effect




Incompatability between the application ofthe fait accompli theory and thetransgenerational duty to preserveenvironmental quality

Environmental justice and wastemanagement: a transboundary andtransdisciplinary analysis

Session 07: Law

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Poster

Chair: James Bews

Kristina Kreter

C.S. Wessling

Session 07: Law

Cologne University for Applied Sciences,Germany and Autonomous University of SanLuis Potosí (UASLP), Mexico

Analysis of governance potentials andconstraints for decentralized rural sanitationsolutions in Rio de Janeiro

Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR),Curitiba, Brazil

Comparative evaluation between Brazilian and German procedures regarding permission to discharge wastewaters in rivers

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Chair: Alexander Siegmund

08:30 -‐ 09:00 Keynote lectureGerd MichelsenLeuphana Universität Lüneburg, Germany

09:00 -‐ 09:20 Rossano Lopes BastosInstituto do Patrimônio Histórico e ArtísticoNacional, Superintendência no Estado de SantaCatarina, Brazil

09:20 -‐ 09:40 Luis Alípio GomesUniversidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém,Brazil

09:40 -‐ 10:00 Amasa Ferreira CarvalhoUFOPA, PGRNA, Santarém, Brazil

10:00 -‐ 10:20 G. DenaroUniversity Estadual Paulista, FCA, UNESP, Botucatu,São Paulo, Brazil

10:20 -‐ 10:40 Julia MrazekDepartment of Geography, Heidelberg University ofEducation, Heidelberg, Germany

10:40 -‐ 11:00

Chair: Nicole Vollweiler

11:00 -‐ 11:30 Keynote lectureSergio NobreUNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil

11:30 -‐ 11:50 F.S. RochaUFRRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

11:50 -‐ 12:10 Bruno Gabriel Witzel de SouzaGeorg-‐August-‐Universität Göttingen, Germany


(Higher) Education for SustainableDevelopment

Study of the case of children’s perceptionwith the environmental education at the“Projeto Trilha”


On the Sustainability of a University Campus:a case of the UNESP Rio Claro’s Campus inBrazil

Environmental Development and HeritageEducation

Forest School: an experience in Education forSustainable Development in the Amazon

Conceptual and behavioural representationsof children of the 4th grade of a municipalschool in Santarém, state of Pará, Brazil,about Sustainability and ConsciousConsumption

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)in teacher studies at Baden-‐Wurttembergbetween teaching and research

Education for the Sustainable Development:the experience of the first four years of theMaster’s in Development Practice at theFederal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro(UFRRJ), Brazil

The Historical Dependency of Education:Implications for Sustainable Developmentfrom a Study for São Paulo, Brazil (1840-‐2010)

Session 01: Sustainable Development in Education and Society

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Chair: Sergio Nobre

14:00 -‐ 14:30 Keynote lectureCharles HopkinsUNESCO Chair in Education for SustainableDevelopment, York University, Canada

14:30 -‐ 14:50 Darluce OliveiraHuman Science Department (DCH I), State University(UNEB), Salvador, Brazil

14:50 -‐ 15:10 Rosiane P. PalhetaAdriano Hospital Foundation, Manaus, Brazil

15:10 -‐ 15:30 Alaer Cardoso Jr SENAI Technology Institute of Environment andChemistry, Curitiba, Brazil

15:30 -‐ 16:00

16:00 -‐ 16:20 Caio MurtinhoFederal University of Western Pará, Santarém, Brazil

16:20 -‐ 16:50

17:00 -‐ 18:30


Educational Practices Contributing toSustainable Development in the BrazilianNortheastern semi-‐arid region



Social Inequality in Indigenous Health: TheCase Of Manaus

SENAI in Paraná Sustainable Center

The reuse of Pet bottles inside the Amazon

Education for Sustainable Development andTeacher Education: learning our way to amore sustainable future


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Poster

Chair: Alexander Siegmund, Nicole Vollweiler, Sergio Nobre

A.F. Carvalho

R.D.S. CarvalhoUFOPA, LABE/ICS, Santarém, BrazilBharat Kumar Chillakuri

Marilene de Sena e Silva

Giulia Denaro

Miriam Friedrichs

Sirley F. S. Melo

Darluce OliveiraHuman Science Department (DCH I), BahiaState University (UNEB), Salvador, Brazil

Educational Practices Contributing toSustainable Development in the BrazilianNortheastern semi-‐arid region

PUC Rio, Civil Engineering, Rio de Janeiro,Brazil

Solid waste management for betweenMunicipalities Consortium in Brazil


Conceptual and behavioural representations

of children of the 4th grade of a municipalschool in Santarém, state of Pará, Brazil,about Sustainability and ConsciousConsumption

UFOPA, PGRNA, Santarém, Brazil

Ecological consciousness in the performing ofTribes Festival in Juruti, Amazonia, Brazil

School of Management Studies, University ofHyderabad, India

Sustainable Human Resource Managementfor Strategic Success

Adriano Jorge Hospital Foundation, Teachingand Research Department, Manaus, Brazil

Prevalent diseases in the city of Manaus:public policies to combat tuberculosis from1932 to the present day

Study of the case of children’s perception withthe environmental education at the “ProjetoTrilha”

Faculty of Agricultural Science, UniversityEstadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazi

Karlsruher Institut für Technologie KIT, ZAKZentrum für Angewandte Kulturwissenschaftund Studium Generale

Supplementary Studies on SustainableDevelopment at KIT

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Wednesday,07.10.2015;18:45–21:00h;Eveningboattripwithflyingbuffetanddrinks

18:45 MeetingpointLanding bridge of the “Neckarsonne” near to the Old Bridge „Karl-Theodor-Brücke“intheOldTown

19:00-21:00 TripontheRiverNeckarIntroduction intoGeology andHistory of the surrounding area by Prof.Dr. Ulrich A. Glasmacher, Heidelberg University, Institute of EarthSciencesandHeidelbergCenterfortheEnvironment

This evening is reserved for the very impressive boat trip fromHeidelberg to Neckargemünd andreturn using the sustainable solar-powered boat “Neckarsonne”. While without noise the boat isdrivingupstreamtheriverNeckaranintroductionwillbegivenintothegeologicalandhumanhistoryof Heidelberg and surrounding areas. The boat is known as one of the largest solar-poweredCatamaransintheworld.200personscanbetransportedbytheboat.Whiletheboat“Neckarsonne”iscarryingusupstreamallcanenjoyaFlyingbuffetanddrinks.

Sustainableboat“Neckarsonne”withthedeparturearea(www.heidelberg-marketing.de)

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Thursday,08.10.2015;08:30–18:00h;NeueUniversität:HS1,HS2,HS3


Chair: Jörg W. Metzger, Daniela Neuffer, Martin Zimmer, Peter C. Hackspacher

08:30 -‐ 09:00 Keynote lectureFrederico BrandiniDepartment of Biological Oceanography,Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo University, SãoPaulo (SP), Brazil

09:00 -‐ 09:20 Marion GlaserSocial-‐Ecollogical Systems Analysis Group, LeibnizCenter for Tropical Marine Ecology, Bremen,Germany

09:20 -‐ 09:50 Keynote lecturePeter Christian HackspacherUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio deMesquitaFilho, Rio Claro, Brazil

10:00 -‐ 10:30

10:30 -‐ 10:50 Markus VenhorDept. of Ecohydrology, Leibniz-‐institute ofFreshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin,Berlin, Germany

10:50 -‐ 11:30

Impact of urban systems on nutrient fluxesand surface water quality in the SãoFrancisco Catchment


Of systems and networks: Social-‐ecologicalanalysis in Brazilian coastal and marine areas

The sustainable development on Braziliancoastal and oceanic regions

Discussion: "possible Joined Ocean Research Projects"

The potential of southern Braziliancontinental shelf for offshore cultivation ofmollusks


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Chair: Thomas Jänisch

08:30 -‐ 08:50 Thomas JänischHeidelberg University Hospital, Section ClinicalTropical Medicine and HCE, Germany

08:50 -‐ 09:20 Keynote lectureErnesto T. MarquesFIOCRUZ Pernambuco, Brazil and Graduate School ofPublic Health University of Pittsbugh, Pittsburgh,USA

09:20 -‐ 09:40 Moritz U. G. KrämerSpatial Ecology & Epidemiology Group (SEEG),Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UnitedKingdom

09:40 -‐ 10:00 Olaf HorstickInstiute for Public Health, Heidelberg University,Germany

10:00 -‐ 10:30 Keynote lectureCarlos José Sousa PassosFaculty UnB at Planaltina & Centre for SustainableDevelopment, University of Brasília, Brasília (DF),Brazil

10:30 -‐ 11:00

11:00 -‐ 11:30

Chair: Jale Tosun, Marijane Vieira Lisboa

11:40 -‐ 12:00 Jale TosunInstitute of Political Science and Heidelberg Centerfor the Environment, Heidelberg University,Germany

12:00 -‐ 12:20 Marcus Müller

12:20 12:40 Daniele Vieira do Nascimento

12:40 -‐ 14:00


ClimaCampus Hamburg / CliSAP, Faculty of BusinessEconomics and Social Sciences, University ofHamburg, Hamburg, Germany

How National Institutional Settings canfoster Sustainable Development and aClimate Protection Scenario: Insights fromBrazil

Session 09: Politics, Social Action


Extraordinary events, policy change andcitizens’ trust

Changing Climates: debate aroundclimate change in Brazilian and Germannews media

Department of Language and Literature, TechnicalUniversity Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany


Indroduction -‐ Environmental links ofcurrent dengue pandemic

Urban Health and Emerging ArboviralDiseases in Brazil

The distribution of Aedes aegypti and Ae.albopictus in Brazil, current knowledgeand implications for dengue andchikungunya spread

Dengue in the urban context in Brazil:what can vector control contribute

Chagas Disease in the Amazon

Session 13: Infectious Diseases

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14:00 -‐ 14:20 FHR de Almeida

14:20 -‐ 14:40 Davi Ezequiel François

14:40 -‐ 15:10 Keynote lectureMarijane Vieira Lisboa

15:10 -‐ 15:30 Eva Fenrich

15:30 -‐ 16:00

16:00 -‐ 16:20 Leticia AlbuquerqueUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Faculty ofLaw, Florianopolis, Brazil

16:20 -‐ 16:40 Raimunda Nonata MonteiroUniversidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, UFOPA,Santarém, Brazil

16:40 -‐ 17:00 Djalma D. SilveiraDepartment of Chemical Engineering, UFSM, Brazil

17:00 -‐ 17:30

17:00 -‐ 18:30

Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, PontifíciaUniversidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Socio-‐environmental conflicts related tohydropower development in BrazilInstitute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental

Systems, Universität Stuttgart, Germany

Environmental Justice and the issue ofsustainable development in Brazil: arethey possible?

Institute of Political Science, School of Economicsand Social Science, University of Hamburg, Germany

Institute for Technology Assessment and SystemsAnalysis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),Karlsruhe, Germany



Social conflicts over the environment:Indigenous peoples, traditionalpopulations, and developmentalistpolicies in Brazil


Biofuels: insights from Brazil andGermany

Renewable energies and improvement ofliving standards in rural areas of Ceará -‐Brazil: challenges and opportunities


Post treatment of hospital sewage bymoving bed biofilm reactor

Territorial Planning and Dynamics ofWide Space in Central Amazônia

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Thursday,08.10.2015;08:30–18:00h;NeueUniversität:PosterArea

Poster

Chaier: Jale Tosun, Marijane Vieira Lisboa

José Barbosa Filho

David Cafruni Ferreira

R.F. GonçalvesUniversidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará,BrazilAdriana Ballón Ossio

S.M. Silva


Federal Institute of Education, Science andTechnology of Pernambuco, Department ofEnvironment, Health and Safety, Recife,Pernambuco, Brazil

Compliance Social and EnvironmentalGuidelines on Environmental ImpactAssessment based on the Equator Principles.Case Study: Dam Serro Azul River Basin Una,Pernambuco -‐ Brazil

Public policies and indigenous sustainability inthe Brazilian Amazon.

Chair of Silviculture, Albert-‐LudwigsUniversität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Putting environmental discourses intopolicies: The case study of Bolivia

Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente deCachoeirinha – SMMA. Cachoeirinha. Brazi

Sustainable Development and Challenges toWater Management in the MunicipalityCachoeirinha/RS -‐ Brazil

Department of Economy,Universidade Federaldo Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil

The Environmental Accounting of ImpactsGenerated by Family Establishment Process inRorainopolis (RR) – Brazil

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Chair: Martina Schulze, Ulrich A. Glasmacher

08:30 -‐ 08:40 Martina SchulzeDAAD, Director of the regional Office in Rio deJaneiro, Brazil

08:40 -‐ 09:10 Keynote lectureGerhard E.OverbeckInstituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, PortoAlegre, Brazil

09:10 -‐ 09:30 Alaer Cardoso Jr.SENAI Technology Institute of Environment andChemistry, SENAI CIC, Curitiba, Brazil

09:30 -‐ 09:50 Eckhard E. KupferMartius-‐Staden Institut, São Paulo, Brazil

09:50 -‐ 10:10 Christoph DahlBaden-‐Württemberg Stiftung, Stuttgart, Germany

10:10 -‐ 10:30 Annegret TrettinBaden-‐Württemberg International, Stuttgart,Germany

10:30 -‐ 11:00

11:00 -‐ 11:20 Sabine HeinleBaden-‐Württembergisches Brasilien-‐Zentrum,Tübingen, Germany

11:20 -‐ 11:40 Bernhard PeregovichUniversidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA,IEG, Santarém, Brazil

11:40 -‐ 12:00 Jörg MatschullatInterdisciplinary Environ Res Centre, TUBergakademie Freiberg, Germany

12:00 -‐ 12:20 Christiane PereiraWaste and Resource Management, TUBraunschweig, Germany

12:20 -‐ 12:40 Irma de Melo-‐ReinersBayrisches Hochschulzentrum für Lateinamerika (BAYLAT), Germany


The partnership between SEWNAI in Paranáand the German Government Supporting theIndustrial Sustainable Development


A bridge between Baden-‐Württemberg andBrazil -‐ Baden-‐Württembergisches Brasilien-‐Zentrum der Universität Tübingen -‐

Possibility and Potential of German-‐BrazilianProjects on Sustainability of Amazon throughJoint Ventures Collaboration

What makes a SUCCESSFUL applied scientificproject? Lessons learned from Minas Gerais,Brazil

5 Centuries of German-‐Brazilian Relationship

Discover your opportunities with Baden-‐Württemberg International

Brazilian German Joint Venture onMechanical Biological Treatment

Indroduction

The Baden-‐Württemberg Stiftung: Researchand cooperation with Brazil

Brazilian-‐German cooperation forconservation: joint research on the SouthBrazilian grasslands, a success story

BAYLAT: Wissenschaft und Forschung –Internationalisierung und NachhaltigkeitBAYLAT: Science and Research –Internationalization and SustainabilityBAYLAT: Ciência e Pesquisa –Internacionalização e Sustentabilidade

Session 14: Sustainability of German-‐Brazilian projects/cooperation/joined ventures

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14:00 -‐ 14:20 Matthias FrattiniBMBF, Project Management Agency, Bonn, Germany

14:20 -‐ 14:40 Anne SperschneiderAlexander von Humboldt Stiftung, Bonn,Germany

14:40 -‐ 15:00 Martina SchulzeDAAD, Director of the regional Office in Rio deJaneiro, Brazil

15:00 -‐ 15:20 Dietrich HalmDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn, Germany

15:30 -‐ 16:00

16:00 -‐ 16:30 Keynote lectureBenno PokornyFaculty of Environment and Natural Resources,Freiburg, Germany

16:30 -‐ 16:50 Dirk OesselmannEH Freiburg, Germany

16:50 -‐ 17:10 Sabine HaltmayerSteinbeiss GmbH & Co. KG für Technologietransfer,Stuttgart, Germany

Sharing Steinbeis experienceacross borders

17:10 -‐ 17:30 Bernd HellingrathBrasilien-‐Zentrum der Universität Münster, Germany

17:00 -‐ 18:30

Cooperation for sustainability: A criticalreflection on the success of the German-‐Brazilian cooperation initiatives

German-‐Brazilian Cooperation -‐ The fundingschemes of DAAD

Development: a multifaceted concept withmultiple perspectives


Session 14: Sustainability of German-‐Brazilian projects/cooperation/joined ventures


Funding Programmes of the Alexander vonHumboldt Foundation and the Cooperationwith Brazil

German-‐Brazilian Cooperation in Science andTechnology

Research Cooperation with Brazil, DFGStatistics, Programmes, and FuturePerspectives

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Thursday,08.10.2015;18:00–20:00h;NeueUniversität:NeueAula

Chair:J.Kärcher,PresidentoftheGerman-BrazilianSocietye.V.,DistrictBaden-Württemberg

18:00-20:00 Finalevent:SustainabilityinArtandCultureUniversitätHeidelbergUniversitätsplatzNeueUniversität,NeueAula

18:00-18:10 WelcomeandintroductionintotheprogrammeJohannes Kärcher, President of the German-Brazilian Society e.V.,DistrictBaden-Württemberg

18:10-18:20 MusicalframebyCristinaMarques,Brazilianvocalist,solo

18:20-18:35 Presentation“VisualartsinaGerman-Braziliancontext”Dr.MartinaMerklinger

18:35-18:45 Musical frame by ENCANTO, Brazilian choir in Stuttgart, directed byCristinaMarques

18:45-19:20 Literary session: Extracts from literary and scientific travelogueswrittenbysomeearlyGermanexplorersTo be read in the original German by Jessica Gehring, University ofTübingen(handoutinPortuguese)Presented by Dr. Rainer Radtke, Baden-Württembergisches Brasilien-ZentrumderUniversitätTübingen

19:20-19:30 Musical frame by ENCANTO, Brazilian choir in Stuttgart, directed byCristinaMarques

19:30-19:50 ClosingRemarks- Prof.Dr.BernhardEitel,PresidentofHeidelbergUniversity- Prof. Dr. Herman Jacobus Cornelis Voorwald, Secretary of

EducationoftheStateofSãoPaulo- Prof. Dr. Stefan Laufer, Baden-Württembergisches Brasilien-

ZentrumderUniversitätTübingen- Baden-WürttembergInternational

19:50-20:00 ConclusionandoutlookProf.Dr.UlrichA.Glasmacher,HeidelbergUniversity,InstituteofEarthSciencesandHeidelbergCenterfortheEnvironment

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Monday–Thursday,05.10-08.10.2015;UniversitySquare:Expeditionmobile

The expedition mobile of the Baden-Württemberg Stiftung will be part of the symposium from05.10.2015to08.10.2015inHeidelbergandwillbeavailableatthistimeforlectures,discussionsorstudentinternships.

Theinformationandeducationinitiative"ExpeditionN"isuniqueinEurope,andinvitesvisitorsonanexcitingjourneyofdiscoveryinoneofthemostimportantissuesofourtime-sustainability.Theaimof the initiative is to give the people of Baden-Württemberg in dialogue expertise for sustainableactionineverydaylife.

Monday,05.10.201510:30–19:0012:00/14:00/16:00/18:0016:30–17:00

ExpeditionMobileopenforallparticipantsLivePresentationattheExpeditionMobile(15min),LiveSustainabilityGuidedTour(30participants)

Tuesday,06.10.201510:30–19:0012:00/14:00/16:00/18:0016:00–17:00

ExpeditionMobileopenforallparticipantsLivePresentationattheExpeditionMobile(15min),LiveSustainability2guidedTours(30participants)

Wednesday,07.10.201510:30–19:0012:00/14:00/16:00/18:0016:30–17:00

ExpeditionMobileopentoallparticipantsLivePresentationattheExpeditionMobile(15min),LiveSustainabilityGuidedTour(30participants)

Thursday,08.10.201510:30–18:0012:00/14:00/16:00/18:00

ExpeditionMobileopentoallparticipantsLivePresentationattheExpeditionMobile(15min),

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AllpicturesareprovidedbytheFLAD&FLADCommunicationGmbH,Heroldsberg,Germany

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Friday,09.10.2015;08:00–20.00h;GuidedFieldTripincludinglunchpack+dinner

Meetingpoint:EntranceoftheNeueUniversitätat08.00h

A: Sustainable Development, Geo-Education and Science transfer – regional and international:UNESCO-WorldHeritageMesselPitandGlobalGeoparkBergstrasse-Odenwald

Guides: Dr. Marie-Luise Frey (UNESCO-World Heritage Site Messel Pit); Dr. Jutta Weber (GlobalGeoparkBergstrasse-Odenwald)TheFieldtripstartswiththevisittotheUNESCO-WorldHeritageSiteMesselPit(VisitorCentreandMesselPit),wherethenon-profitltd.CompanyWelterbeGrubeMesselpresentstheconceptandhercontributiontotheformationofaScienceSocietyonthebasisoftransmittingearthsciencestothegeneralpublic.HighlightedwillbeespeciallythecollaborationwiththeGlobalGeoparkBergstrasse-OdenwaldandtheapproachofasustainablemarketingofthisWorldHeritageSitetogetherwiththetourismdestinationandtheGeopark.AfterourlunchinthebistroofthevisitorcentreMesselPitthefieldtripwillfollowuptoothersitesintheGlobalGeoparkBergstrasse-Odenwaldsuchas:

§ Seaof rocks (Lautertal)with visitor centreandwalk: Sustainable collaboration,Geo-Education,regionalInfo-Networking,„Geotop“oftheYearandNationalGeotop

§ Vine and rock-discovery trail Heppenheim: Sustainable collaboration with „Bergsträsser“ vinegrowers,developmentofthetrail,commonproducts,collaborationpartners,smallvinetastinginthevineyard.

§ Heidelberg:Geopark-on-site–aprogrammeforasustainablenetworkingandtransmittanceofregionalknowledgeintheGeopark:Geopark-on-siteinHeidelbergisintegralpartoftheplatform„Natürlich Heidelberg“, which has been awarded as UN-Decade project for sustainableEnvironmental Education. The exemplary guided tour comprises: Haarlass (Geotop 2011),NSGRussenstein,Mausbachwiese)

TheguidedtourwillendatHeidelbergandjointheparticipantsoftheexcursionB.Togetherwewillhaveawarmupwithhome-brewedbeerandfoodatAbbey“StiftNeuburg”inHeidelberg.

UNESCOWorldheritagesiteMessel(ArchiveMessel)

Propalaeotheriumparvulum(E.Haupt)

EducationMessel(ArchiveMessel)

UNESCOGeoparkOdenwald(J.Weber)

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Friday,09.10.2015;08:00–20.00h;GuidedFieldTripincludinglunchpack+dinner

Meetingpoint:EntranceoftheNeueUniversitätat08.00h

B: Sustainable development of renewable energy, garbage separation, and the environment ofHomoheidelbergensis,Heidelberg–Sinsheim–Mauer–HeidelbergGuide:Prof.Dr.UlrichA.Glasmacher(HeidelbergUniversity,InstituteofEarthSciences)Thefieldtripisthreefold.Inthebeginning,thevisitofthesustainableuseofenergy(Biomass-Energyproduction)bytheTownofSinsheim(companyAVR)willguideintothefutureofcitiesandawholeregion.Thesecondstopwillprovideinsightintothemodernseparationofwaste.ThethirdstopwillgaininformationontheenvironmentandthelivingofHomoheidelbergensis(600.000yearsold)atthe type locality in the village Mauer. The guided tour will visit the cultural heritage site, themuseum,andtheexhibitionofHomoheidelbergensis.TheguidedtourwillendatHeidelbergandjointheparticipantsoftheexcursionA.Togetherwewillhaveawarmupwithhome-brewedbeerandfoodatAbbey“StiftNeuburg”inHeidelberg.

http://www.avr-umweltservice.de/de/Unternehmen/Nachhaltigkeit/Biomasseheizkraftwerk.php

http://www.homoheidelbergensis.de

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Abstracts

OralandPosterpresentations

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Session01:SustainableDevelopmentinEducationandSociety

Convener:Prof.Dr.A.Siegmund1,Dr.N.Vollweiler2,Prof.Dr.S.Nobre3

1:HeidelbergUniversityofEducation,InterdisciplinaryInstituteforNaturalSciences,Technology,SocietyandDepartmentforGeography/HeidelbergUniversity,HeidelbergCenterforthe

EnvironmentandInstituteforGeography,Heidelberg,Germany2:HeidelbergerCentrefortheEnvironment,HeidelbergUniversity,Heidelberg,Germany

3:UniversidadeEstadualPaulistaJúliodeMesquitaFilho,RioClaro,Brazil

The negative consequences of non-sustainable development around theworld becomemore andmoreclear:Climatechange,pollution, lossofbiodiversity,poverty,economicdisparitiesareonlyafewexamples of future challenges. To counteract this trend in the future, the currentUNDecade“Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)" will be transferred in a world program forsustainability and ESD by the end of 2014. The aim is to further stimulate the overall societaldiscourse, to stabilize the existing activities in the area of ESD and to transfer project-orientatedapproachesinpermanentstructuresandinstitutionalsettings.Keyareasofactionshouldinparticularincludethe§ CreationofanenvironmentfortightintegrationofESDintonationalandinternationaleducation

anddevelopmentpolicy§ PromotionofholisticinstitutionalESDapproachesineducationalinstitutions§ Trainingofteachers,coaches,instructors,educatorsandother"changeagents"inESDskills§ Supportofyoungpeopleasimportantagentsofchange§ IntensificationofESDactivitiesinlocaleducationalsettings.Onthisbackground,bothbest-practiceexamplesoftheimplementationofESDaswellasconceptualapproacheswill bepresentedanddiscussed in the session “SustainableDevelopment inEducationand Society”.We invite stakeholders fromgovernmentministries andagencies,NGOs, universitiesandtheacademicandnon-formaleducationtosubmitproposalsforpresentationsandposters.

KeynoteLecture:Prof.Dr.GerdMichelsen,LephanaUniversityLüneburg,Germany

Prof.Dr.SergioNobre,UNESP,RioClaro,BrazilProf.Dr.CharlesHopkins,UNESCO,YorkUniversity,Canada

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OralPresentations

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(Higher)EducationforSustainableDevelopmentGerdMichelsen

Leuphana University Lüneburg, UNESCO Chair “Higher Education for Sustainable Development”,Lüneburg,Germany,[email protected]

Sustainable development involves comprehensive and far-reaching societal transformations andfundamentalchangesinperspectives,especiallyregardinghumanity’srelationshiptonature.Suchafundamental re-orientation also requires an extensive change in consciousness on the part ofindividuals in society. Innovative learning processes play an important role in initiating thecorrespondingchanges inattitudesandshouldthusbecomeanestablishedpartoftheeducationalsystem.TheLeuphanaSemesteratLeuphanaUniversityLüneburg,togetherwiththemodule“Sciencebearsresponsibility” is an example that demonstrates how innovativemethodsof teaching and learningcan be combined with the topic of sustainable development and how new forms of universityteachingcanbeintroduced.Withregardtomodulecontent,ithasbecomeapparentthat,duetothecomplexityof the fieldof sustainability, a singledisciplinealone is unable toprovideanalyses andsolutions. If teaching in higher education is to adequately deal with this complexity, then it isnecessary to develop inter- and transdisciplinary approaches that go beyond a purely specialistorientation.

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EnvironmentalDevelopmentandHeritageEducation.Bastos,RossanoLopes1&Derani,C.2

1:Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, Superintendência no Estado de SantaCatarina,[email protected]: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas, Florianópolis, Brasil,[email protected]

TheBrundtlandReportwaspublishedinApril1987,wasresultoftheworkofacommitteepresidedbyGroHarlemBrundtlandandMansourKhalid.Itpresentsacomplexviewofthecausesofthesocio-economic and ecological problems of society and of the inter-relationships between economy,technology, society and politics. The publication of this report spread the concept of sustainabledevelopment that was being refined since the 1970s. Within this understanding, the reportconfirmedtheurgentneedforapolicytoraiseeveryone'sawarenessofthesizeoftaskofrevertingthe bleak scenario that is heading towards a depth that would result in extinction of not onlyresources,butoflifeitself.Ourviewisofeducationasdevelopment,asapracticalcategoryandgoal,that is life itself. In this scenario overshadowed by various educational formulations that transmitandrepeatknowledgeandwhichdonotprovokecriticalthinking,wearelosingourbestopportunityfor change and creativity. It is in this fieldwith a thousands hues thatwe desire to introduce thepossibility of heritage education as a category of cultural instruction, a legitimate educationalsegmentthatusestraditionalknowledge, fromthefieldofculturalheritage,wisdoms,abilitiesandcelebrations to raise awareness, stimulate, create, invent, and inventory the several ways ofunderstandingtheworldandhowtopositionandbeguileoneself in it.Amongwaysofeducating,heritageeducationinBrazilhasacquired,althoughwithmucheffort,apositionthataimstoprovidetheopportunityforseveralexpressionsoftraditionalandindigenouspeopleswhichareconnectedtosustainabledevelopmentandwhichhavepracticesthatallowharmoniouscoexistenceandtolerancewithdifferentwaysoflife.Thus,ourcontributionaimstoshedlightoverthiseducationaltool,whichis key to cultural literacy and emancipatory knowledge. Given the failure of educational pathsdeveloped and implemented to this day, we believe that adding up strategies that combinetraditionalknowledge,culturalheritage,wisdoms,abilitiesandtolerancecanbethewaytowardsamoreegalitarian,sociallyjustandculturallydiversesociety.

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ForestSchool:anexperienceinEducationforSustainableDevelopmentintheAmazon

LuísAlípioGomes

Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação/ MestradoAcadêmicoemEducação,Santarém-PA,Amazônia,Brasil.E-mail:[email protected]

In the current century, the social, political, economic and cultural areas, experienced profoundtransformations slowly, with direct impacts on the environment generating, motivated a concernwith the issue of development, production of wealth and the individuals education to assumeanotherpositiononthemarketandconsumption.Educationbegantooccupyaprominentrole,oneexample is the publication of the document United Nations Decade of Education for SustainableDevelopment (2005-2014) under UNESCO's responsability. The document highlights the EducationforSustainableDevelopment, itscharacteristics,socio-cultural,environmental,economicprospects,aswellasemphasizingtheroleofactorsatthelocalleveltotheglobal.Consideringthefocusonthelocal perspective, the Amazon region has aroused interest not only in economic, but in scientificacademicaspect,thatrepresentsastrategicregionforsustainabledevelopment.Therearescientificarticles about human presence in the Amazon. There are different studies in anthropological,archeological, historical areas with special emphasis on the education (COLARES, 2003; SOUZA,2009;GONDIM,2007;BATISTA,2007).Education isconsideredanstrategicareaforthefutureandcurrentgenerationswithprinciples, ideas,valuesandknowledgethatcancontribute to theethicalcare of the ecological question or Education for Sustainable Development. The municipality ofSantarémintheNorthofBrazillocatedinParáStatehasbeenconducting,since2008,aninnovativeexperienceinenvironmentaleducationwiththeForestSchool(EscoladaFloresta).Thisschoolaimstoconductpracticalactivitiesguidingthestudentstoacquirevaluesconcerningthepreservationandconservation of the Environment. In a complex scene changes is important to know educationalinitiatives like this, mainly linked to the Amazon region, demonstrating potential in Education forSustainableDevelopment.ReferencesBatista,Djalma.OcomplexodaAmazônia–Análisedoprocessodedesenvolvimento.2ªed.Manaus:EditoraValer,EduaeInpa,2007.Colares, Anselmo Alencar. Colonização, catequese e educação no Grão Pará. Tese (Doutorado emEducação)–FaculdadedeEducação,UniversidadeEstadualdeCampinas,UNICAMP,2003.Década Da Educação Das Nações Unidas Para Um Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2005-2014:documentofinaldoesquemainternacionaldeimplementação.–Brasília:UNESCO,2005.120p.Gondim,Neide.AinvençãodaAmazônia.2ªed.Manaus:EditoraValer,2007.Souza,Márcio.HistóriadaAmazônia.Manaus:EditoraValer,2009.

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Conceptualandbehaviouralrepresentationsofchildrenofthe4thgradeofamunicipalschoolinSantarém,stateofPará,Brazil,aboutSustainabilityand

ConsciousConsumptionCarvalho,AF;Veronese,S;Albarado,LV;Assis,RGC.

1:UFOPA,PGRNA,Santarém,Brasil,[email protected]:IESPES,Santarém,Brasil3:IESPES,Santarém,Brasil4:UFOPA,Santarém,Brasil

The theme around the Conscious Consumption and Sustainability opens a big opportunity tostimulate the students tobecomemultipliersandcriticsofbehaviorsand relations thatarise fromthisgreaterconsciousnessinitself,ofothersandoftheworld.And,forso,theaimofthisresearchistoinvestigatewhataretheconceptsandbehaviorsofchildrenfrom4thgradeofamunicipalschoolofSantarém,stateofPará,abouttheConsciousConsumptionandSustainability.Itisaquantitative-qualitativeresearch,concernedtostudyasampleof15students,withagesbetween11and12yearsold,inwhichwasappliedtheanalysisofacoreideacontentin8semi-structuralquestionsdiscussedbasedinTrigueiro(2012)andTeixeira(2012).Theresultfoundwasthattheinterviewedstudentsdonot know the term “Sustainability” and “Conscious Consumption”, however, their behavior isconcerned about conservation. Probably, this happens because in the National CurriculumGuidelines,theenvironmentalisworkedinschoolsasavalue,butnotitsrelationwithconsumptionand the role of the consumer consciousness and his acts related to environmental impacts. Asresults,73,3%ofstudentsknowthenecessityofthrowthegarbageinthedump,13,3%selectsthegarbage that can be turned into toys, 13,3% said that recycles and re-uses the garbage of theirhouses and 6,7%argueswith people that throwgarbageon the floor. As towater economy, 60%saveswaterduringtheshowerandwhenarebrushingtheteeth,closesthetapandmakesreservoirsin case of lack of water.When the studentswere asked if they prefer a new toy or one built bythemselveswith recycledmaterials,73,3%answered thatpreferanew toy,becauseasoneof thesubjectsoftheresearchsaid:“whatit’snewit’sbest”.Asconclusion,weunderstandthatisnolongerpossible to reference the life insocietywith theconsumption in largerscale,on individualisticandconsumeristicbehaviorsanditisneedtoleadthechildrentodialogueswherethereismorecareandesteemfortheworldandwhereitcanbemoreethicalandsustainableandthevaluesmaybemorehumanandlessmaterialistic.Teixeira,Elizabeth.Astrêsmetodologias:acadêmica,daciênciaedapesquisa.9.ed.Petrópolis,RJ:Vozes,2012.Trigueiro,André.MundoSustentável2:novos rumosparaumplanetaemcrise. SãoPaulo:Globo,2012.

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Studyofthecaseofchildren’sperceptionwiththeenvironmentaleducationatthe“ProjetoTrilha”

Denaro,G1,Rodrigues,V.A2

1: Forest Engineering student, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University Estadual Paulista – FCAUNESP-Botucatu-SãoPaulo-Brazil.Email:[email protected]:ForestScienceProfessor,FacultyofAgriculturalScience,UniversityEstadualPaulista–FCAUNESP-Botucatu-SãoPaulo-Brazil.Email:[email protected]

Before the continuous environmental wastage and the need for rehabilitation in the individualtraining,thisstudyaimedtoanalyzetheenvironmentalawarenessinchildrenagedbetween8to11yearsoldwithemphasisontheimportanceofenvironmentaleducationprojectsintheformationofamoreconsciousindividual.ThisstudywascarriedoutattheStateUniversityofSãoPaulo,FacultyofAgriculturalSciences(FCA)ofBotucatu,withthe“ProjetoTrilha”(TrailProject),aproactive,self-sustainingandtransversalproposaloftheacademicenvironmentaleducationwherevisitorstrailaninterpretiveandguidedpath.Themethodologyoftheresearchwasdividedintotwosteps.Thefirststep was a semi-structured questionnaire applied to 40 students of the “EscolaMunicipal núcleohabitacionalAngelinoPascoalinotti”locatedinPratânia/SPbetweenOctoberandNovemberof2014.Thequestionswereaccordingtotheexperienceatthe“Trilha”(Trail)andapproachedissuesoftheenvironmental education and preservation of nature. For this work it is only being discussed theresults of the children’s questionnaire, thus composing the second step of the research. At thissecondmoment pizza-graphics were used for discussion of the results. According to the graphicswhat children liked learning most was to relate the five human senses to the environment theywitnessed.Over50%ofthechildrenansweredthatwhatthey liked towatchmost inthetrailwasthelandscape.Oneofthequestionsaskedthemtoselectthethreeissuestheyconsideredthemostimportant and the chosen oneswere: selective garbage collection, garbage recycling and burning,possiblybecause these issuesare theonesmost talkedaboutatschoolsandmoreconstant in themost accessiblemedia. About 45% of the children answered that they would use the knowledgeacquiredduringthewalkanywhereandnotonlywiththeirFamily,atschoolorcommunity.Thelastquestionofthequestionnairewas“Howcanenvironmentaleducationhelptheworld“andthemostconstantanswerwas“tohelpnature”andsomeofthemevencompleted“becauseitgivesusfood“.The results showed that children aged between 8 to 11 years old assimilate considerablyenvironmental perception, being able to put into practice sustainability concepts in a naturalwaythroughtheirownindividualandcollectiveconsciousness.

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EducationforSustainableDevelopment(ESD)inteacherstudiesatBaden-Württembergbetweenteachingandresearch

JuliaMrazek1,AlexanderSiegmund2

1: Heidelberg University of Education, Department of Geography – Research Group for EarthObservation(rgeo),Heidelberg,Germany,[email protected]:HeidelbergUniversityofEducation&HeidelbergUniversity,DepartmentofGeography–ResearchGroupforEarthObservation(rgeo),Heidelberg,Germany,siegmund@ph-heidelberg,de

Education for SustainableDevelopment (ESD) is oneof six compulsory guiding perspectives of thenewcurricula2016ofthefederalstateofBaden-Württemberg.Moreover,inthecontextofthenewBachelor and Master studies ESD is highlighted as a mandatory part in the new frameworkregulationsanddisciplineguidelines(MinisteriumfürKultus,JugendundSportBaden-Württemberg,2015).

InthiscontexttheDepartmentofGeographyattheHeidelbergUniversityofEducationconductedanonline evaluation to get an overview of the Status Quo of the implementation of ESD in teacherstudiesathighereducationinstitutionsinBaden-Württemberg(Jahn&Siegmund,2014).Atpresent,theDepartmentofGeographypreparesaqualitativestudytogetadeeperunderstandingofbarriershampering the implementation as well as of potentials, which might foster ESD integration intoteacher studies. Furthermore, therearedifferentprojects thatdevelopandexaminemethodsandconceptstopromoteESDindifferenteducationalcontexts.Theproject“sunislife”forexampleaimsat fostering primary and secondary school students´ skills on renewable energy production,consumptionetc.

In2001,theInterdisciplinaryInstituteforScience,TechnologyandSociety(inGerman“NTG-Institut”)wasfoundedattheHeidelbergUniversityofEducation.Sinceseveralyearsthefocusoftheinstituteis on ESD, for example on its colloquium in which lectures present a wide range of sustainabilityissues,especiallyfromaninterdisciplinarypointofview.TheinstituteisalsoinvolvedinthegeneralstudiesattheHeidelbergUniversityofEducation,organizingforexamplealecturecalled“EducationforSustainableDevelopment”andagroupofproject-basedcourses.Inoneofthosecourses,whichisgiven in cooperation with the Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE) at the HeidelbergUniversity, students are trained to become “sustainability coaches” who are taught to teachsustainabilityinlocalschools.ThisconcepthasalsobeenthebaseforthedevelopmentofateachertrainingcourseonESD,whichhasbeenawardedonthe“CampusWELT”-contestbytheMinistryofScience, Research and the Arts and theMinistry of the Environment, Climate Protection and theEnergySectorofBaden-Wuerttemberg.

Jahn,M.andSiegmund,A.(2014):EducationforSustainableDevelopmentinTeacherTraininginBaden-Württemberg:FromTheorytoImplementation.In:vonCarlsburg,G.-B.,Vogel,T.(Hrsg.):BildungswissenschaftenundakademischesSelbstverständnisineinerglobalisiertenWelt,BaltischeStudienzurErziehungs-undSozialwissenschaft,Bd28,S.183-198

MinisteriumfürKuluts,JugendundSportBaden-Würrtemberg(2015):Bildungsplanaktuell.URL:www.km-bw.de/Kultusportal-BW,Lde/Startseite/schulebw/Bildungsplan+aktuell#anker2083592[15.06.2015]

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OnaSustainabilityofaUniversityCampus:acaseoftheUNESPRioClaro’sCampusinBrazil.

SergioNobre

UNESP,Brazil,[email protected]

Inthistalk,wewillintroducesomeelementsthatestablishtheconnectionoftheCampusofUNESPRioClarowith themes related to theenvironmentandsustainability.Theseacademicactivitiesarepresent specifically in undergraduate and postgraduate, like the courses of "EnvironmentalEngineering"and"Ecology"(bothundergraduate)and"GeosciencesandEnvironment"and"Ecologyand Biodiversity (both graduate) besides the fact that in other undergraduate and postgraduatecourses of the Campus this theme is also present. Individually researchers also develop scientificresearchonthissubject.Someexampleswillbeshown.

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EducationfortheSustainableDevelopment:theexperienceofthefirstfouryearsoftheMaster’sinDevelopmentPracticeattheFederalRuralUniversity

ofRiodeJaneiro(UFRRJ),Brazil.Rocha,FS1,Goi,SR1,Nunes-Freitas,AF1&Medeiros,RJ2

1:Master’sinDevelopmentPractice,UFRRJ,ForestryInstitute,EnvironmentalSciencesDepartment,RiodeJaneiro,Brasil,[email protected]: Conservation International Brazil&Master’s inDevelopmentPractice,UFRRJ, Forestry Institute,EnvironmentalSciencesDepartment,RiodeJaneiro,Brasil

According to the International Commission on Education for Sustainable Development Practice,convenedin2007toanalyzeexistingeducationprogramsfordevelopmentpractitioners,therewereno cross-disciplinary programs at that time to train people in the full range of challenges ofsustainable development (SD). With emphasis on policy and implementation, the Master’s inDevelopment Practice (MDP) programwas then proposed, rooted in fourmain disciplines: healthsciences,naturalsciences,socialsciencesandmanagement.ThemainaimofMDPinUFRRJ(Brazil),created in 2011, is to contribute towards poverty alleviation and the enhancement of social,economicandenvironmentaldevelopmentbothinBrazilandinotherdevelopingcountries inLatinAmerica and Africa. It is coordinated by UFRRJ, but three other Universities in Brazil and one inMozambiquearepartofthecourse; insideUFRRJ,fourinstitutesarecommittedtotheprogram.Inthefirstfouryears,ourMDPhad80studentsfromallaroundBrazilandalsofromothercountries,asArgentina,Peru,Venezuela,Mexico,USAandMozambique.Halfof thestudents’background isonBiological Sciences and the other half is very diverse, showing that, indeed, it is a multi andinterdisciplinary course: Agronomic Engineering, Geography, Journalism, Social Sciences,Architecture, Law, Tourism and International Affairs are some of the examples.Most of them areemployedatthetimeofentryintotheprogram(governmentandcompanies,mainly).Fieldtrainingisavery importantcomponentandaimtoprovidetheopportunity togain firsthandexperienceofintegrated development approaches within the real-world context through hands-on, practicalexperiences.Someexamplesofprojectsdevelopedbythestudentsare:“Benefitsharinganduseofnatural resources in the Niassa Reserve, Mozambique”, in 2012, in cooperation with Uni LurioUniversity (Mozambique), “Social Perception of Risks Associated with Extreme Phenomena andMeasuresforAdaptationtoClimateChangeinTeresópolis,RJ”, in2013,withHumboldtUniversitätzuBerlin/GIZand“MonitoringoftheGreenGrantProgram(supporttoenvironmentalconservationby small rural producers) in Pará”, in 2014, with Conservation International Brazil. Until now, 40studentsaregraduatedand20morewillgraduate in2015.TheAtlanticForest is themoststudiedecosystem,withthestudents’finalreportsfocusingmainlyonconservationofprotectedareasandpublic policy. Other themes such as family agriculture, traditional populations, urban ecology andclimaticchangearealsorecurrent.ThemainchallengesfortheMDPBrazilinthenearfuturearetoensure the necessary resources for program sustainability in themedium and long terms; ensurescholarshipsforstudents;diversifytheopportunitiesoffieldtraining;andalignthecurriculumwiththenewSDGoals thatwill be launchedby theUnitedNations SustainableDevelopment SolutionsNetworkinSeptember2015.

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TheHistoricalDependencyofEducation:ImplicationsforSustainable DevelopmentfromaStudyforSãoPaulo,Brazil(1840-2010)

BrunoGabrielWitzeldeSouza

DevelopmentEconomics-G.A.UniversitätGöttingen

The author discusses some implications of hismaster's thesis on Development Economics dealingwiththepersistenceofeducationalperformanceoverhistory.

TheGerman-speaking immigrationtotheProvince/StateSãoPaulo,Brazil (1840-1920), isusedasaquasi-natural experiment which implied a positive, exogenous shock on the local demand foreducation:itisfoundthattheseimmigrantshadaneducationallevelcomparativelyhigherthanthelocalpopulationandthattheirdemandforeducationspilledovertoregionswheresuchimmigrantssettled. In short, the historical parcel of thework shows that human capital differentials of theseimmigrantsconstitutetheirmaincontributiontothe long-runeconomicperformanceoftheregionconsidered. Ina secondperiod, schools foundedby these immigrantsare found tohavehad largeimpactsonenrollmentsinprivateandStateschools.

Usingthesehistoricaldeterminants,currenteducationisinstrumentedtoobserveitspositiveimpactoncurrentincomelevelsofthemunicipalitiesintheStateSãoPaulo,Brazil.Especiallyinterestingisthepositiveandsignificantimpactofjobsrequiringsecondaryeducationontheincomelevelsofthemunicipalities,whileonlyprimaryortertiaryeducationprovedtobenon-significant.

Therearetwomain implicationsoftheseresultsforpoliciesonsustainabledevelopment.First,thestrong historical dependency shows that educational policies propagate strongly and persistentlyovertime-suchthatcurrentinvestmentsineducationforsustainabledevelopmentwillpotentiallyendureforlongperiods.Second,theresultsaboutsecondaryeducationshowthatthereisawindowof opportunities for investments at this educational level, including technicians and professionalsrelated to environmental activities and sustainable development. This shows a potentialcomplementarity between economic performance and sustainability provided by means ofeducation.

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ESDandTeacherEducation:learningourwaytoamoresustainablefutureCharlesHopkins

UNESCOChairinReorientingTeacherEducation,YorkUniversity,Toronto,Canada

Eversincetheconceptofsustainabledevelopmentwasenvisioned inpracticebyAgenda21attheEarth Summit in 1992 the crucial role of the worlds 60,000,000 teachers in creating a moresustainable, just andpeacefulworldhasbeen identified.As separate chapteroneducation,publicawareness and training was specifically identified as a concrete means of implementingsustainability. This initiative was further heightened with the declaration ofThe UN Decade onEducation for Sustainable Development, (2005-2014). Now education and teacher education inparticularisagainincludedinthenewUNSustainableDevelopmentGoalsabouttobelaunchedthisyear.TheUNESCOGlobalActionProgrammeonESDhasalsobeenlaunchedandoneofthefivecoreobjectivesisengagingteachersandtrainersinESD.ThelargestgatheringoftheWorld’sministersofeducationattheWorldEducationForuminIncheon,Koreain2015alsocalledforESDasanintegralcomponentofaqualityeducation.

A huge issue however remains. How can we further engage the world's teacher educationinstitutionsinmeaningfulandeffectiveESDpreserviceandin-serviceprograms?

Thispresentationwill addressanumberof issues facingeducation systemsand teachereducationinstitutions includingESD,thequest foreducation“quality”, relevancetostudents,societalchangeandthenewrequestforGlobalCitizenshipEducationfromtheUNSecretaryGeneralBanKiMoon.InparticularIwillspeaktotherolethatgeographyiscurrentlyandcouldplayasaunifyingapproachtothenumerousrequestsforphenomenafocused,interdisciplinarycourses.

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EducationalPracticesContributingtoSustainableDevelopmentintheBrazilianNortheasternsemi-aridregion

Oliveira,Darluce

BahiaStateUniversity(UNEB),HumanScienceDepartment(DCHI),Salvador,Brasil,[email protected]

Theprimary focusof this research is representedby thestudyofenvironmentaleducation (Carideand Meira, 2004) and its implications for the sustainable development process (Oliveira, 2007)throughtheeducationalpracticesinformalandnotformalspaces(Pardo,2003)ofthenortheasternBraziliansemi-aridzoneinBahiaState. Interest inthisthemeemergedfromissuesnearmyreality,which also impose on the world stage. This reality portrays issues that are associated withenvironmentaldegradationofschoolandoutofschoolcommunities,andtheirsurroundings,whichliveatrisksituation.Methodology:Inthisqualitativeandethnographicresearch(GarcíaFerrandoetal.,2010),IdoahermeneuticanalysisofthemeaningsissuedbypublicschoolteachersandmonitorsoftheExpandingSchoolTimeoftheChildLaborEradicationProgram(PETI)onwhattheyunderstoodbysustainability(Cavalcanti,2002).Theoverallobjectiveforthisstudyfocuses,intheteachers’andmonitors’ speeches and their practices, on identifying which the meanings they attribute tosustainabilityandanalyzingtherelationshipbetweenthediscourseandtheeducationalpracticesofsuch social and educational actors, regarding to the sustainability. Results: emerged through thefollowing categories of analysis: conception of environmental education and sustainability,educationalpracticesandthesocial/environmentalchanges.Theconclusionindicatespossiblewaysfor a line of Environmental Education work based on principles of community awareness,participation with involvement, care and attention, facing the challenges, education forsustainability,comprehensiveviewofeducation,qualityoflifeandpublicpolicies.

References:

Caride,J.A.andMeira,P.Educaçãoambientaledesenvolvimentohumano. InstitutoPiaget,Lisboa,2004.Cavalcanti, C.Meio ambiente, desenvolvimento sustentável e políticas públicas. São Paulo, Cortez,2002García Ferrando,M.; Ibáñez, J. & Alvira, F.El análisis de la realidad social:métodos e técnicas deinvestigación.Madrid:Alianza,2010.Oliveira, D. S.Discursos e práticas educativas em espaços formais e não-formais: um estudo para aeducaçãoambientalesuasimplicaçõesdesustentabilidadenosertãonordestino.Tese(DoutoradoemEducaçãoAmbiental)–UniversidadedeSalamanca.Espanha.2007Pardo,D.Laeducaciónambientalcomoproyecto.Barcelona,HorsoriEditorial,2003

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SocialInequalityinIndigenousHealth:TheCaseOfManausPalheta,R.P.

Adriano Hospital Foundation, Support Program for Scientific Initiation.Manaus, Amazonas, [email protected]

The work is part of my PhD research on indigenous policies for indigenous people in the city ofManaus inAmazonas State,Brazil.Historically indigenouspeopleswere consideredahindrance todevelopmentalideascarriedoutbytheState,whichledtheimplementationofindigenouspoliciesinorderto"develop"indigenouspeoplesandbringthemtothesamelevelofdevelopmentoftherestof the country . The policies have been developed in all sectors, especially in education, health,environment and territory. Themethodological procedures usedwere bibliographic, documentaryandfieldresearchusinginterviewsandobservationintheSpecialSecretariatforIndigenousHealth(SESA)andtheMunicipalHealthSecretariatofManaus (Semsa) .Theresearchpointsamongotherreasons that the failure accompanying health policy for indigenous peoples is a reflection of thedevelopmentalorderhistory"civilize"theIndiansand"develop"theAmazon.Theimplementationof Indigenoushealth care is the responsibility of the Special IndigenousHealth (SESA), however inpractice,the Indians living inthecityareexcludedfromthe implementationofhealthpolicy inthetwo organs. The SESAI outsources actions for non-governmental organizations in many cases areindigenousorganizations.Suchsituationhastranslatedintodilemmasforindigenouspeoplewhoareinvolvedinhealthcarebecauseyouneedonehandtodedicatetheindigenouscauseofinvolvementin other projects as executors of policy, makes them co - responsible for the equalization of theproblemswhichshouldclaim.Moreover, thetangleBrazilianhealthsystemrequiresmanagersandexecutors of the shares are empowered to respond adequately to the complex bureaucraticapparatusoftheUnifiedHealthSystem(SUS).Inthissenseitisimportanttoconsiderthatafailureinhealth policies for indigenous peoples in the Amazon product is not only the historical Brazilianindigenous policy, but a number of factors that make an indigenous health issue that should bewidelydiscussed,especiallywithIndianswhoarethekeystakeholdersintheimplementationofthepoliciesimplemented.

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SENAIinParanáSustainableCenterCardosoJr.,A.1;Thiesen,MP2;Handa,RM2;Charvet,P4

1: SENAI Technology Institute of Environment and Chemistry, SENAI CIC, Curitiba, Brazil,[email protected]:SENAITechnologyInstituteofEnvironmentandChemistry,SENAICIC,Curitiba,Brazil3:OperationsDepartment,SENAIDR,Curitiba,Brazil

TheSENAISustainableCenterProjectwasidealizedin2012andinSeptember2013SENAIinParanálauncheditsSustainabilityCenter,aninnovativeprojectshowcasingsustainabletechnologiesappliedtobuildingsystems,environmentandenergy.ThisCenterisalsoaspacetopromotediscussionsandactivities related to education for sustainable development (EDS) involving students, professors,partners,companies,industriesandcommunitymembersingeneral,thereforefavoringinteractionsbetween academia, private and public institutions. Moreover, it is part of the SENAI TechnologyInstitute of Environment andChemistrywhere consultants provide technological services; developappliedresearchandtechnologicalinnovationprojectsandperformlaboratoryessayservicesintheenvironmental and chemistry areas promoting industrial development in Paraná and Brazil. Thesuccess of this project is due to the contributions received from various partner companies andindustries,especially fromtheBaden-WürttembergState (MinistryofFinanceandEconomics) thatprovidedessentialassistanceintransferringthewoodframetechnologytoBrazilandinhelpingfindotherpartners.AmongthevariouspartnersandsustainabletechnologiesappliedintheCenter,somemaybehighlighted,suchas:woodframebuildingsystem;sustainablearchitecture,includingnaturallight and ventilation systems; green roof; ecological plastic wood composite, automatedmanagement systems; reuseofwood scraps; photovoltaic energy generation system integrated tothe State electric utility network (Copel), which receives the exceeding energy that is produced;energysavingsystemandrainwaterreusesystem,supplyingwaterfortoiletflushing,floorwashingand garden watering. Since its construction and launching, the Center received over 870 visitors,includingrepresentativesfromindustries,enterprises,partners,unions,researchinstitutes,studentsand professors from Paraná, Brazil and other countries. The visitors learn about the sustainabilitypillars adopted by SENAI in Paraná (ecological, economic, social, cultural and safety) and areinformed about sustainable alternatives through virtual reality technology. In November 2014 theSustainable Center project represented the RCE-Curitiba-Paraná in the 9th Global RCE Conference(UNU-IAS)andreceivedoneoftheawardsinthecategory“CommunityEngagement:MobilisingLocalInnovations for Sustainable Development”, in Okayama, Japan. The SENAI in Paraná SustainableCenterhasreacheditsobjectivesandhasplayedakey-roleinpromotingsustainablealternativesandeducationforsustainabledevelopment.

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ThereuseofPetbottlesinsidetheAmazon.CaioMurtinho

Academic course of economic sciences, Federal University of Western Pará, Santarém, Brazil –[email protected]

Santarém,municipalityof294,580thousandinhabitants(IBGE:2010),amedium-sizedtownsituatedonthebanksoftwotoweringbasins(TapajósandAmazonas)intheBrazilianAmazon-whichhasthelargest continuous tropical forest on the planet, which houses significant mineral wealth, water,fauna,biodiversityandplant-isacriticalcaseofthedisorderedoccupationoftheAmazonwheretheproductionandinappropriatedisposalofgarbageisaproblemthataffectsenvironmentalhealthandurbanfloodplainecosystemsandlandstill,somehighecologicalsensitivity.Inthefaceofthissituation,wehaveseenthatitisnecessarytodevelopaprojectofshort,mediumandlongtermwithaviewtoalastingsolutionandintegratedwithotherpublicpoliciesthataimtoreduce poverty in the municipality frames and in Brazil, as well as contribute to a policy ofenvironmentalsustainabilitywithimpactonqualityoflifeofthelocalpopulation.Intheshortterm:creatinganorganizationalbaseofcollectorsandsuppliersofrecyclablesolidwaste(PETbottles),withthecreationofacooperativeofcollectorsofPerema,sensitizationandawarenessofsuppliersofthesematerialsandtheformattingofaplatformofreuseofthiswasteforprocessinginto polyester fibers. In medium term: the economic organization of selective collection,industrialization and commercialization of sub-products, having asmainmaterial, polyester fabricsreplacingcottonfabricsandplasticsthatcanbeused inbags,clothing, inner liningofautomobiles,etc.Arenewrawmaterialssoughtbyindustries.Inthelongterm:theconsolidationofthisprojectoneconomic,socialandenvironmentalterms,constituteinatechnologicalalternativewithasocialandenvironmentalimpactofgreatimportanceforthemunicipality.Atitspeakofoperation,expected66direct jobs in the plant industry, income generating stations 60 formalized in the cooperative ofScavengersandotherindirectjobs.WiththecityofSantarém,therearealsopossibilitiesoftheprojectcometobeoneoftheactivitiesofthecooperationwithinthearticulationof50Germancitiespartnersofprojectsthatcontributetolessentheimpactofclimatechange.TheextensionworkcreatedinPeremageneratesonesocialdialoguearoundawiderprojectwhichisexpected to contribute to various income generation opportunities through recycling and reusereuseofsolidwastesinthemunicipality.Fromthepointofviewofenvironmentalsustainability,thisprojectcontributestoreduceemissionsofGHG-GreenhouseGases,beingoneofthepioneersinthisthematicprojectsintheAmazonregion.

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PosterPresentations

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EcologicalconsciousnessintheperformingofTribesFestivalinJuruti,Amazonia,Brazil

Carvalho,RDS;Mota,KSS;FASOliveira;Carvalho,AF.

1:UFOPA,LABE/ICS,Santarém,Brasil,[email protected]:UFOPA,LABE/ICS,Santarém,Brasil,[email protected]:UFOPA,LABE/ICS,Santarém,Brasil,[email protected]:UFOPA,LABE/ICS,Santarém,Brasil,[email protected]

The present work is a descriptive-explanatory field research that aims to highlight the ecologicalconsciousness in festivals. Juruti isacity located inWesternPará, intheheartofAmazonia,wherethe real Munduruku Tribe inhabited before colonization and where take place the tribe duelnowadays,titledFestribal,thatattractsthousandsofpeopleperyearthatsympathizewiththeopenskyevent.Themainreasonforthisculturalmanifestationit’sduetothenon-extinctionofindigenousculturesandtraditionsofthesepeoplethatonceinhabitedJuruti.TheTribesFestivalisacelebrationthathappensfor20years,betweenthetwofolkloricassociationsMundurukuTribeandMuirapinimaTribe, bringing to the arena the indigenous traditions (singing, costumes and rituals), and payingtributeyearafteryeartoallexistentesethnicities.Duringthefestivalmakingof,thereisacarewiththecostumes, scenery,allegoryandallperformancemoments related toecological consciousness,wherebothtribesdoanappealforAmazoniapreservation,bothinit’sindigenoussingingandineachone’s consciousness to performan splendorous espectacle, without degrade nature. To this end,associationsabolished theuseofbirds featherandavoidusingnaturalmaterials.Today, theyonlyusesyntheticpheasant,peacock,duckandroosterfeather.So,inconclusion,theJurutiFestivalandothers are reaching a never before seen level of ecological consciouness. The preservation sensemuststartfromeachoneofus,oncenowadayscomsumptionsocietyaredangerouslymodifyingourbiosphere and continuously destructing our flora and fauna. Let us all be actors for Amazoniapreservation,protectorsofthegoddessofecology.

Monteiro,MarioYpiranga.CultosdeSantos&FestasProfano-Religiosas.Manaus:FUNCOMIZ,1983.

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SustainableHumanResourceManagementforStrategicSuccessBharatKumarChillakuri1,Dr.SitaVanka2

1:SchoolofManagementStudies,UniversityofHyderabad,India,[email protected]:SchoolofManagementStudies,UniversityofHyderabad,[email protected]

The premise that Human Resource is scarce is established for quite long. (Boxall, 2003)OrganizationalexperiencealsoprovesthatHumanResourcesareconsumedandarenotreproduced.(Kira, 2002, 2003; Thom and Zaugg, 2004; Muller-Christ, 2001; Ehnert, 2006, 20009). SustainableHRM,asit isreferredtoinHRparlance,arguesthatthehumanresourcesareconsumedphysically,cognitively,sociallyandemotionallybecauseoftheincreasedworkloadattheworkplace.Thus,theneed for nurturing the skills, knowledge, cooperation, trust, motivation, employability, industrialrelations(Docherty,2002)thereby,strikingabalancebetweenqualityofworklifeandperformanceassumessignificance. Itbecomes incumbentonthe leadershiptoembedsustainablevaluesamongthe employees in anorganizational context. Similarly, theneed for theHRpractitioners toplay apivotalroleincreatingasustainablevision,missionandstrategy,createanorganizationalstructureto drive sustainable agenda, develop capabilities, competencies, skills of the human resources increatingsustainableHRsystemsandprocessesbecomescriticalinorganizationalsurvivalandgrowth(Ernst&Young,2013). Addedto this,globalizationand internationalizationhavepushedtheneedforskilled,technicalandcompetenthumanresourcesforsuccess.HRMScholarsopinethatintensivework, internationalization and globalization, diversity, demographic trends, agingworkforce, labormarkets,employmentrelationship,shortageofskills,lackofqualityineducationalsystemsetc.alsocontributed to the rise in Sustainable HRM (OECD, 2004, 2005). The study is an attempt in thisdirection and seeks to examine the sustainable HR practices in the Indian IT sector that wouldcontributetotheoverallsustainableoutcomes–Economic,EcologicalandEnvironmental.

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PrevalentdiseasesinthecityofManaus:publicpoliciestocombattuberculosisfrom1932tothepresentday

MarilenedeSenaeSilva

Adriano JorgeHospital Foundation (92) 99312-5220, Teaching andResearchDepartment,Manaus,Brazil,[email protected]

This is a descriptive study, in general,we can say that theHistoryof PublicHealth in theAmazoneffectively began when the creation of the province of Amazonas in 1852.. This documentarycollection stands out a set of very interesting topics, among which we highlight the following:medicalrecords,vaccines,epidemics,regionsmostaffectedbydiseases,medicalhealthactionsandpolicies for the region. In the city of Manaus, the History of Tuberculosis, which was one of thediseases that come from the time of the Province, had its beginning in 1932, with the Pro-TuberculosisAssociation,whichaimedtotakecareoftuberculosispatients.ThefightagainstTBwascontinuous. For this reason it was created the Sanatorium Adriano Jorge, and other sanatoriums,thankstothetirelessstruggleandeffortofmanydoctorsofthetime.Theorganizationofthefightagainst tuberculosis inBrazil is initially in the latenineteenth century, theHolyMercyHomes thathousedthesick,thepoormajority.LeaguesAgainstTuberculosishavebeencreatedsince1900hadimportantnon-governmentalrole.Withthereleaseof"PlantofightTuberculosis inRiodeJaneiro,byPlácidoBarbosain1917andlater,in1920,thecreationbyCarlosChagas,ProphylaxisInspectorateTuberculosis,wereoutlinedthefirstsystematicgovernmentaction.Butitwasonlyin1941,withthecreationoftheNationalTuberculosisServiceandtheNationalCampaignAgainstTuberculose-CNCT-that theStateeffectivelyassumescontrolactions.Ourobjectivesare:To rescue thehistoryof thefightagainstTuberculosisinManaus-AmandactionsorganizedbythePublicHealthandGovernmentinstitutions for combating tuberculosis in the city of Manaus-Am from 1932 to the present day;Identifyandrescuethehistoryofmajorhealth institutions intheStateofAmazonas,suchas:HolyHouseofMercy, St. SebastianHospital,DispensaryCardosoFontesandSanatoriumAdriano Jorge;Highlighttheactionofthehealthworkersandintellectualswhowerekeyplayers intheideologicalconstruction process not only of State structures but the very public policies which help in thereconstructionoftheMemoryofPublicHealthinthestateofAmazonas.Becauseitisadocumentaryresearch, information sourceswereanalyzesondocuments, suchasnewsletters fromgovernmentagencies of Amazonas state, city newspapers, photographs, printed articles and available on theinternet,booksandothermedia.

Referências1. Ministry of Health. Tuberculosis. Brasilia; [s.d.]. [Access 6/8/2007]. Available at: http://portal.saude.gov.br/saude/visualizar_texto.cfmidtxt=21445;2. Lima, Ana Luce Girao Soares; PINTO,MariaMarta Saavedra. Sources for the history of the 50MinistryofHealth.Hist.cienc.health-Manguinhos,v.10,n.3.RiodeJaneiro,Sept./Dec.2003.3. Batista, Djalma. Epidemiological aspects of tuberculosis in the Amazon. Boletin de la OficinaSanitariaPanamericana,year32,v.34,n.5,May1953.

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SupplementaryStudiesonSustainableDevelopmentatKITMiriamFriedrichsM.A.

Karlsruher Institut für Technologie KIT, ZAK | Zentrum für Angewandte Kulturwissenschaft undStudiumGenerale,Prof.Dr.CarolineY.Robertson-vonTrotha,Director,[email protected]

Supplementary Studies on Sustainable Development at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)provide studentswith various approaches to transformation knowledge, aswell aswith the basicprinciples and application areas of Sustainable Development. The focus is both on experientialknowledgeandapplication-orientedcompetenciesaswellasontheoriesandmethods.Theaimistosupport students in taking responsibility for sustainability issues and for their own actions asindividuals,citizens,researchersandfuturedecision-makers.Thecurriculumincludesthefollowingfeatures:• Overviewofthebasicprinciplesofcurrentresearchonsustainability• Introductionandapplicationoftheoriesandmethods• Freedomofchoiceandselectionfromawiderangeofseminarsforstudents:fromtechnology

assessmenttoyoga• Hands-onsustainabilityresearchandsolutiondevelopment• Promotionofteamskills,presentationcompetenciesandreflectiveabilities• Interdisciplinarylearningandteachingincooperationwithsocialandbusinesspartners• Integrativeconceptsforsustainabilityasaglobalsocialchallenge• Openforallstudents,includingPhDstudents• Certifiedqualification,creditpointsrecognizedforkeyskillsmodule

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SolidwastemanagementforbetweenMunicipalitiesConsortiuminBrazilMELO,SirleyF.S.

PUCRio,CivilEngineering,RiodeJaneiro,Brazil,[email protected]

InBrazil,oneofthemostpressingissuesinpublicadministrationisthelackoffinancialresourcesforplanning,implementation,operationandmaintenanceofstoragesystems,collection,treatmentandfinaldisposalofwaste;becausetheseactionsinvolvethepermanenceofspecializedtechnicalteams,operational and administrative; machinery and equipment; whose mobilization, allocation andmaintenance cover a significant portion of the budget. The legislation determines theuniversalizationandregularityofattendanceofpubliccleaningservices,treatmentandfinaldisposaladequate; provides for shared responsibility between public authorities and Civil society; andconditions the fulfilment forwhich themunicipalities administrations to obtain new financing, taxincentives or fosteringmade available by the Federal Government. This research addresses on anbetween municipalities Consortium, located in the Southeastern Region, which used anenvironmental diagnosis, social and cultural, locational and drew up a plan of Integrated WasteManagement(PGIRS).TheConsortiumwascreatedthroughaStatedecreethatspecifiedtheregionaldivision ofMunicipalities, has determined that the costs of collection and transport of generatingsources to the Station of Transhipment (ET) are the responsibility of Municipal Government andruledthatthetransportationcostsofETfortheLandfill(ATS),theoperationandmaintenanceofthelandfillaretheConsortium.TheETistheplaceoftemporarystorageofwasteswhichfacilitatesthelogisticsand reducesmaintenancecostsof trucks. Inpractice, the truckscarrycollectorscollectionroute in theirmunicipalities, transporting thewaste to theET, transfer thewaste toanother truckwithgreatercapacity(bi-articulated)thattransportsfinallyforfinaldisposalinthePublicConsortiumRegional Landfill,operatedbya specializedutility company.TheelaborationofPGIRS included theplanning, setting goals, targets, indicators, procedures and criteria for the classification andmanagementofresiduesfrompreventioningenerationtothefinaldisposal;withthecompletionofstepsanddeadlines,thatallowedtheobtainingandthetransferofinformationabouttheresultsandpracticesadoptedforallStakeholders.IntegratedmanagementhasbeenmadecompatiblewiththeSolidWasteManagementPlansofHealthServices(PGRSS);WasteManagementPlanofConstruction(PGRCC);MunicipalSeweragePlanandwith theMunicipalProgramofEnvironmentalEducation. Itwas concluded that the Management Consortium facilitates the application of public resources,providesthesharingofassignments,andallowstheenforcementof legislation.Theobservationoftheactivitiesof choiceof areas for installationof ETandATSallowedwaseffected the integratedanalysis of technical issues, legal, physical, social and environmental; fact that resulted in theidentification of problems, technical and operational execution; and demonstrated that theEnvironmentalEngineeringandCivilEngineeringhas thechallengeof finding thebestway toplan,develop,execute,andfinalizeprojectsthatallowfullcompliancewiththerequirementsoflegislationandmainlytheexpectationsofStakeholders.References:Brazil.Lawno.12.305.EstablishestheNationalSolidWastePolitics.OfficialGazetteoftheFederativeRepublicofBrazil.Brasília,August2,2010.IPT.MunicipalWaste.IntegratedManagement.2.ed.SãoPaulo:CEMPRE,2000.

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Session02:Paleoclimate/ClimateChange

Convener:Dr.B.Mächtle1,Prof.Dr.A.Jasper2

1:InstituteofGeography,HeidelbergerCentrefortheEnvironment,HeidelbergUniversity,Heidelberg,Germany

2:ProgramadePós-GraduaçãoemAmbienteeDesenvolvimento,CentroUniversitárioUnivates(PPGAD/UNIVATES),Lajeado,RioGrandedoSul,Brazil

Thetalkswillprovideinsightintotheprocessofclimateevolutionfromthepasttothepresentanddescribe causes for the recent climate change. In addition, all talks should provide hints on thepossibilitiestosustainablydealwiththeclimatechange.Keyexamplesfromthepasttothepresentwillbeshown.

KeynoteLecture:AndréJasper,UNIVATES,Brazil

TongJiang,ChinaMeterologicalAdministration,NationalClimateCentre,ChinaMarceloLeppe,InsitutoAntárticoChileno,Chile

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OralPresentations

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TheGondwananLatePaleozoicicehouse/greenhousecycle:apalaeobotanicalapproachtounderstandactualandfutureclimatechange.

AndréJasper

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Centro Universitário Univates(PPGAD/UNIVATES),Lajeado,RioGrandedoSul,Brazil,[email protected];[email protected]

Globalenvironmentalchangesareprobablyamongstthemost importanthumanchallengesfortheXXIcenturyandthepredictionoffuturedevelopmentsoftheenvironmentiscurrentlyanimportantpointofdiscussionindifferentspheresandareasofscience.Tobeabletoestablishfuturescenariosisnecessarytotakealookattheevolutionoftheenvironmentduringtime,mainlytoseehowandwhy the Earth has gone through numerous changing events.Oneway to use this approach is thecurrentdebateaboutglobalclimatechangeinwhichthediscussionhassofarnotresolvedwhetherthe current global warming reflects short-term climate oscillations or a unidirectional long-termtrend.Aglobalgreenhousestandsinmarkedcontrasttothepast20m.y.ofglaciationandicehouseclimate and, consequently, themost recent icehouse periodmay be a poormodel to deduce thedynamicsofenvironmentalchangeincontinuouslydirectionalwarming,asexpectedbycurrentIPCCscenarios for future global warming. The only time in Earth history in which the mosaic of theterrestrial environments was subjected to a long term transition from icehouse to greenhouseconditions, similar to the one the Earth will maybe experience in the near future, was the LatePaleozoic. Understanding and explaining the different events connected to the Gondwananicehouse/greenhouse cycle will, therefore, help to establish efficient local and global policies forfutureenvironmentalissues.

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Theroleofsoilaircompositionfornoblegaspaleotemperaturereconstructionsintropicalregions

S.Mayer1,W.Aeschbach-Hertig1,F.Jenner1,T.Weißbach1,B.Peregovich2

1: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,[email protected]: Instituto de Engenharia e Geociencias, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém - PA,Brazil

Dissolved noble gases (NGs) in groundwater provide awell-established tool for paleotemperaturereconstruction [1]. Although most noble gas temperature (NGT) studies have been conducted innortherntemperatelatitudes,thefewresultsfromthetropics, inparticularastudyfromBrazil [2],haveprovidedimportantproofsofasignificantglacial– interglacialtemperaturechangeintropicalregions.However,reliableNGTdeterminationrequiresadetailedunderstandingofthedynamicsofreactiveand inert gases in the soil air with which the infiltrating water equilibrates. Due tomicrobial gasconsumptionandproduction,theNGpartialpressuresinsoilaircandeviatefromatmosphericair,aneffect that could offset NGT estimates if not taken into account [3]. Because biological activity isexpectedtobeparticularlystronginhumidtropicalsoils,westudiedNGsinsoilairaswellasyounggroundwater at different sites near Santarém (Pará, Brazil) and for comparison near Heidelberg(Germany).SoilairdataconfirmacorrelationbetweenthesumvalueofO2+CO2andNGpartialpressures.Wefind significant NG enhancements in soil air by up to 7%. The strongest increase is observed intropicalSantarém,whereasNGexcessesvaryseasonallyintemperateHeidelberg.AnobservedmassdependentfractionationofNGisotopesinHeidelbergcanbeexplainedbytheseasonalityofO2+CO2.However,thereisnosucheffectinSantarém,indicatingayear-longNGenhancementinsoilairandsupportingtheexpectationthatthiseffectisparticularlyimportantinthetropics.ThedeterminationofreliableabsoluteNGTsalsorequiresacorrectaccountingforbubblesofsoilairthat are entrapped and (partly) dissolved in thewater during groundwater table fluctuations. Theresultingexcessaircomponent isreasonablywelldescribedbytheclosedsystemequilibration(CE)model for excess air [4]. An according NGT fit was performed for the groundwater data fromSantarém. A systematic underestimation of the real groundwater temperature is found under theassumption of atmospheric NG contents in soil air, while a good agreement is reached if theenhancedNGpartialpressures in the local soil airare taken intoaccount.These findingsallow formore reliable NG paleotemperature records, in particular in humid tropical areas such as theBrazilianAmazonregion.[1] Aeschbach-Hertig and Solomon (2013) In: Burnard, P. (Ed.), The Noble Gases as GeochemicalTracers.AdvancesinIsotopeGeochemistry.SpringerVerlag,pp.81-122[2]Stuteetal.(1995)Science269,379-383[3]Halletal.(2005)Geophys.Res.Lett.32,L18404,doi:18410.11029/12005GL023582[4]Aeschbach-Hertigetal.(2000)Nature405,1040-1044

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Usingarchaeobotanicalanalysistounderstandthepre-colonialoccupationsforTaquariValley,RioGrandedoSulState,Brazil.

Secchi,MI¹;Osterkamp,IC1;Kauffmann,K2;Bauermann,SG3;Jasper,A1

1: Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Botany and Palaeobotany Sector, Museum of Natural Science,Lajeado,[email protected];[email protected];[email protected]:BotanyandPalaeobotanySector,[email protected]: Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Laboratory of Palynology, ULBRA, Canoas, [email protected]

To understand and explain the changes that are occurring with the environment nowadays isnecessary to seek the answers in cases involving events in the past. The Archaeobotany helps tosolvesomeoftheactualquestions,asthroughtheuseoftechniquesofthissciencecansupporttheunderstanding of the eventswhich reached the past environment (vegetation, climate, man-environment relationship). They cover a wide range of activities, and among them, the study ofcharredwoodsfragments-macroscopiccharcoalandpalinomorphsrescuedfromthesediment,areimportant tools for paleoenvironmental studies. the present study aims to apply the results ofArchaeobotanical analysis (anthracological and pollen analysis) to be performedonArchaeologicalSites RS-T-123 and RS-T-114, located in themunicipalities of Arvorezinha andMarques de Souza,respectively, both in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, to assist in understanding thepaleoenvironmentalhistoryoftheTaquariValleyregion.Somepreliminaryanthracologicalanalysesalreadyindicatetheoccurrenceofcharredwoodfragmentsfromthesites,andthesesampleshaveaffinities angiosperms. Moreover, related fungi structures are also present in some samples,indicatingthepossibilitythatthepastpopulationsmadeuseofdeadwood(showingsomedegreeofdecomposition)as fuel.The firstcollectionofmaterial fromthepeatbognext totheSiteRS-T-123,showsthatthesedimentiscomposedofclaysoilswithportionsofsandstones.Pollenanalysiswillbemadeafter.

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PrecolumbianculturaldynamicsinsouthernPeruandtheroleofclimaticvariabilityBertilMächtle

InstituteofGeography,HeidelbergUniversity,HeidelbergCenterfortheEnvironment

ThedesertmarginofcoastalsouthernPeruandthehighlandoftheAndeanAltiplanowerepopulatedduring the whole Holocene. However, cultural boom and favored regions changed several times.Alongthecoastaloases,duringtheNascaanditsprecursorsaswellasduringEuropeanmiddleagescultural activity rose, but alternated with cultural boom in the highlands. This seesaw patternbetween thecontrasting landscapesof thecoastand theAndeswas triggeredby rapid changes inenvironmental favorability. Changes in the characteristics of the interhemispheric temperaturegradient,theENSOsystemandthereachoftheSouthAmericanSummerMonsoonwereresponsibleforthesespatialandtemporalshifts.

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CaatingaandCerradovegetationreactiontoregionalclimatechangeinnorth-easternBrazil

JörgMatschullat1,AnneSchucknecht2,StefanErasmi3

1:InterdisciplinaryEnvironResCentre,TUBergakademieFreiberg,Germany,[email protected]:InstituteforEnvironmentandSustainability,EuropeanCommissionJointResearchCentre,Ispra,Italy3:InstituteofGeography,Georg-August-UniversityGöttingen,Göttingen,Germany

Thetopic“climatechange”inBrazilisacriticalissue.Politicallyseenasalowprioritytheme,thereislittle support for related efforts beyond international commitments. And yet, at least parts of thecountry are highly vulnerable. While attention in this respect is focused on the Amazon basin,northeasternBrazil (NEB)with its largepopulationshare (ca.55million,28%)anddynamicgrowthratesshowsasignificantvulnerabilitythat isreflectedinthesemi-dryclimatologicalconditionsandpartlyhighlyimpoverishedsoils(GottsbergerandSilberbauer-Gottsberger2006).Existing meteorological and climatological data are not as adequate for regional climate changeinvestigations as they should be. Thus proxy information such as satellite-based vegetationobservationappearsusefultoassessbiomebehaviorandrelatedchanges–atleastonthetimescaleofarecentclimatenormal(30yrs).Thespatio-temporalvariabilityoftrendsinvegetationgreennessindrylandareas isawell-documentedphenomenoninremotesensingstudiesatglobaltoregionalscales.Here,weanalyzedthevegetationgreennessforthesemi-aridNEB,andexaminedtherelationshipsbetween those dynamics and climate anomalies such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)phenomenon for theperiod1982 to2010,basedon theannualNormalizedDifferenceVegetationIndex (NDVI)values fromthe latestversionof theGlobal InventoryModelingandMappingStudies(GIMMS)dataset(NDVI3g).Contrarytoassumptions inenvironmentalandsocio-economicresearch(Mesquitaetal.2012),theresultsofourinter-annualtrendanalysisofNDVIandprecipitationindicatelargeareasofsignificantgreeningintheobservationperiod.Itneedstobekeptinmind,howeverthatGIMMSNDVI3gpixelsize of about 8 x 8 km. Thus sub-pixel processesmaynot be representedby thedata. The spatialextentandstrengthofgreeningisafunctionoftheprevalentland-covertypeorbiomeintheregion.Greeningdoesnotreflectquality,e.g.,ofplantgrowthpotential(e.g.,verygreenbutnon-palatablespecies may replace palatable species with lesser green tissue). A regression analysis of ENSOindicatorsandNDVIanomaliesrevealsacloserelationofENSOwarmevents(ElNiño)andperiodofreducedvegetationgreenness,withatimelagof12months.Thespatialpatternsofthisrelationshipvaryinspaceandtime.Thus,noteveryElNiñoeventisreflectedinnegativeNDVIanomalies.Xericshrublands (Caatinga) aremore sensitive to ENSO teleconnections thanother biomes in the studyarea(Erasmietal.2014).ReferencesErasmi S, SchucknechtA, BarbosaMP,Matschullat J (2014)Vegetation greenness in north-easternBrazilanditsrelationtoENSOwarmevents.RemoteSensing6:3041-3058Gottberger G, Silberbauer-Gottsberger I (2006) Life in the Cerrado, a South American triopicalseasonalecosystem.Vol.I:Origin,structure,dynamicsandplantuse.RetaPublisher,Ulm;277p.Mesquita MdS, Lúcio P, Matschullat J, Mendes D, Ambrizzi T, Leme NMP (2012) Climate changeinsightstothenortheasternregionofBrazil.AGUAtmosSciNewsletter6,3:3-5

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DroughtanditsImpactonSocio-economyJiangTong1,HuangJinlong2,SunHemin3,WenShanshan2,ZhanMingjin4,5

1:NationalClimateCenter,CMA,Beijing100081,China;2: State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology，Xinjiang Institute of Ecology andGeography，ChineseAcademyofSciences，Urumqi830011，China;3:CollaborativeInnovationCenteronForecastandEvaluationofMeteorologicalDisasters/SchoolofRemoteSensing,NUIST,Nanjing210044,China;4:ChineseAcademyofMeteorologcialScience,ChinaMeteorologicalAdmnistration,Beijing1000815:UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,China;

Monthly data from530meteorological stations inChinawereused to calculate the time series ofStandardizedPrecipitation Index (SPI) for theperiod1960-2013.The timeserieswereanalyzed forten hydrological regions of China respectively. Then characteristics of drought including intensity,area and duration in China were extracted and analyzed respectively by the SPI. RelationshipsbetweenintensityandareaataspecificdurationwereanalyzedbytheIntensity-Area-Duration(IAD)method. Results show that zone with significant dryness trend were found from southwest tonortheast regions of China. The differences in this zone are that significant wetness trends weredetected innorthernbasinswhileSouthwest regionsofChinakept thedryness trend inearly21stcentury.ThisphenomenonisrelatedtothesimilaritiesthatintensityanddurationofdroughteventsbecamestrongerandlargerexceptforHaiheRiverbasinandmiddleandlowerYellowRiverbasininthiszone.DroughtsinChinashiftedfromNorthwestandnorthofChinawithlargerareatonortheastandsouthwestofChinawithsmallerareaduring1960-2013.Themostseveredroughtswith largerareamainlyoccurredinthenorthandwestofChinabeforetheearly21stcentury.Attheearly21stcentury,most severe droughts are located at Southwest of China with smaller area less than 0.7million km2.Droughts aremore likely undergoing a aggregationprocess andmost severedroughtwithsmallerareacanbefoundalongwiththechangingclimate.

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Antarctica:ANaturalLaboratoryandAChangeSensorMarceloLeppe

ChileanAntarcticInstitute,PuntaArenas,[email protected]

InMarch 24, 2015 occurred the highest temperature recorded by instruments in Antarctica (17.5Celsius). Four days later,more than 5.000 km to the north, on the Chilean coast, in the AtacamaDesert,rainsfellin24hoursequaledthatfellin14yearsoverEarth'sdriestplace,causingdestructiveflooding that left nine people dead. Were these events connected? Today we know that theinfluenceofAntarcticahasbeeninstrumental inshapingthe landscapeandbiotaofSouthAmericaand continents that formedGondwana.What the futureholds for this relationship?Canwegraspandincorporatethedynamismtoasocietyconstructedaroundstaticmodels?

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PosterPresentations

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PaleoclimaticinterpretationsthroughtheanalysisofrockpaintingsintheSerradaCapivaNationalPark–PI,Brazil.

ALMEIDA,VitorJoséRampaneli1;RAMPANELLI,AngelaMaria2

1:UniversidadeAnhangueraEducacional,SãoPaulo,Brazil,[email protected]:UniversidadeAnhangueraEducacional,SãoPaulo,Brazil,[email protected]

InSerradaCapivaraNationalParkandadjacenciesthereisawiderangeofarcheologicalsiteswhichprovides diverse information about the first human settlements in America since it holds manycharacteristicsfromtheirexistenceindifferentecosystemsoftheregion.Therearemorethan1,000registeredsites (notdefinitive) in thepark,about657of themhavecavepaintings; theothersarevillages, cemeteries and settlements. The cavepaintings picture routine activities such as hunting,giving birth, sex, social struggle, games, relationships and rituals. These paintings have multiplefunctionswhich reveal that, in that territory, the first settlers’daily lifewasverydynamicandcanalso provide evidence that there was history, education, socialization, communication andreligiousness inBrazilianhistoryancient times. It ispossible to identify in thepaintings– fromthevarious rock zoomorphic representations and their likely interpretations – species absent today inthe regionandothers completely extinct; someare sowell done that it is possible to identify thegenderoftheprintedanimalthroughantlersandotherspeciesgenderdeterminantcharacteristics.Itis common to see paintings of crabs, lizards, siriemas, armadillos,pacas,cats,crocodiles, coatis,camelids,taileddeerandcapybaras–theselastonesdisappearedfromtheregionduetothecurrentextremearidity,what leads to thehypothesis that itwasamorehumidarea inanot verydistantpast.AnotherspecieoftenpotrayedinthepaintingsistheemuRheaAmericana,extinguishedfromtheareanotlongago.Basedontheidentificationandadeepstudyofthefaunapicturedinthecavepaintings of the Serra do CapivaraNational Park aswell as on the information gathered from theliterature, the aim is to rebuild the probable environmental conditions from the periodwhen thepaintingsweremade,thusbecomingareliablepaleoenvironmentalreference.

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Characterization,synthesisandapplicationofzeolitesobtainedfromAmazonkaolin

Costa,T.S.1;Corrêa,M.J.I.1;Silva,P.S.1;Santos,M.R.P.2;Meira,R.C.S.2

1:FederalUniversityofWestern,Santarém,Pará,Brasil.E-Mail:[email protected]:ProfessorofFederalUniversityofWesternPará,Santarém,Pará,Brasil.

Zeolites arehydratedaluminosilicatesof alkali andalkalineearthmetals, andmayhavenaturalorsyntheticorigin. Ithasbeenafewdecadesthatthezeolitesarebecomingincreasinglyattractivetoindustries,once theyhave theirpropertiesoriginated from themicroporous structure (MAIAapudABREU,2012).Thezeolitematerialspresent themselvesasgreatallies incontrol,preservationandmaintenanceofwatersheds.Duetothehighuniformityofcompositionandthehigh-purity,speciesofsyntheticzeolitesarecommonlyusedascatalysts,oncethenaturalonesareusedinthetreatmentofeffluents (AguiaretalapudSHINZATO,2007).An importantaspectofAmazonia is itsown largeandnumerousfreshwaterbasins.ItisalsoknownthatmuchoftheAmazonrivershassometypeofcontaminationbytoxicchemicalsuncontrolleddischargesfromtheopensewersofsomecitiesandcasesofrudimentaryprospectingactivities.Thus, thesynthesisofazeolitetypeNaAfromAmazonnatural kaolin using the hydrothermal method was performed. The material obtained wascharacterizedby techniquesofX-raydiffractionand infraredspectroscopy.After thesynthesis, thezeolitewasmixedwithsawdustpowderofdefiniteparticlesize,intheformoflongcylindricalbulkinahydraulicpressandsinteredat600°Cforuseasafilter.Aftersintering,newdiffractionX-raytestscarriedouttoverifythemaintenanceofthecrystallographicphaseofthezeolite.Oncethetabletswerefinished,applicationwasdevelopedasafilterprototypeforwatertreatment,usingasoneofitsphaseszeolitefiltertablets.TheexperimentalapparatusisstructuredfromPVCpipesand,asafilter,coal seams, sand and zeolite sintered tablets were used on. Preliminary results of water samplesfilteredbytheprototypeshowedchangeinturbidity,pHandtotaldissolvedsolids.However,youwillnotbeabletoseetherealcontributionofzeolitesasfilterbecause inthefirsttest,thematerial isinsufficientforanalysis.However,theproductionoftabletsisstillinprogress,requiringalsofurthertestingaboutthematerial.

References

Abreu,M.A.A.SínteseecaracterizaçãodieletricadezeólitasobtidasapartirdecaulimdaregiãodeSantarém.Santarém–Pará,2012.Shinzato, Mirian. 2007. Remoção De Metais Pesados Em Solução Por Zeólitas Naturais: RevisãoCrítica. In: http://www.ppegeo.igc.usp.br/pdf/rig/v27-28n1-2/v27n1a05.pdf (acessado em 17 deJulhode2014).

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AnatomicalanalysisofartificiallycharredwoodofAraucariaangustifoliafromRioGrandedoSulanditspalaeontologicalimplications

Osterkamp,IC1;Secchi,MI¹;Kauffmann,K1;Uhl,D2;Jasper,A1

1: Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Botany and Palaeobotany Sector, Museum of Natural Science,Lajeado, Brazil. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected];[email protected]: Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut undNaturmuseum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt amMain,Germany.

Fossilcharcoal,asdirectevidenceofpalaeo-wildfires,isknownfromtheSilurianonwardsandthereisincreasingevidencethatfirehasbeenanimportantfactorofdisturbanceinmanyecosystemssincethistime.Animportantprerequisiteforthetaxonomicalandpalaeoenvironmentalinterpretationofcharcoalistheunderstandingoftaphonomyofsuchmaterial.Despitethesignificanceofanatomicalfeaturesforcharcoalrecognition,aswellaspalaeoecologicalinterpretationonlyafewstudieshavedealtwithchangesofcellstructuresduringcharring.However,charcoalifiedplantorganslikewoodandflowershaverepeatedlybeenusedtodescribenewtaxa,mostlywithoutconsideringanatomicalandmorphological changes thatoccurduringcharring.To fill thisgapwestartedaprojectdealingwithanatomicalchangesoccurringduringcharringofplantmaterialand influenceofsuchchangeson taxonomically important characters. We are conducting experiments on anatomical changesduringcharringof fossil conifers,currently focussingonAraucariaceae.Herewereport first resultsfromcharringexperimentsperformedwithwoodderivedfromstemsofAraucariaangustifolia.Thismaterial has been collected from several localities in Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil), whereAraucariaangustifolia isnative.Therefore,drywoods fragmentsofAraucariaangustifolia (Bert.)O.Ktze., with 1.0 cm³, in transverse, tangential and radial sections, were submitted to controlledcharringinalow-oxygensystemfor60minutes,withtemperaturesvaryingfrom50°Cto900°C.Afterartificial charring, the macroscopic charcoal produced was anatomically analysed under scanningelectron microscopy (SEM). Homogenization of the wall occurred started at temperaturereaching300°C. At 500°C the cell walls showed thinning and early cracking. So is possible to see that theminimumtemperaturetowhichtherearechangesinthecellwallsofwoodsofAraucariaangustifoliais300°C,asitmayenrichthepaleoenvironmentalinterpretationsofpaleowildfiresvegetationbasedontheoccurrenceofmacroscopiccharcoalsinsedimentsofdifferentages.

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SuccessivePalaeowildfireseventsinRioBonitoFormationlevels,LowerPermian,ParanáBasin

Manfroi, J1; Spiekermann, R1; Benício, J.R.W1; Guerra-Sommer, M2; Uhl, D3; Jasper, A1

1: Centro Universitário Univates, Museu de Ciências Naturais, Setor de Botânica e Paleobotânica Lajeado, Brazil, [email protected] 2: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Geociências, Porto Alegre, Brazil 3: Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum e Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Tübingen, Frankfurt, Germany

Integrated studies of paleontological and faciological nature, focused on theQuitéria outcrop, RioBonitoFormation-ParanáBasin,RioGrandedoSul,Brazil,hasbeengeneratingsignificantdatafortheunderstandingtheofthedevelopmentanddeploymentprocessofthewetbiomesintheLowerPermian of Gondwana. The outcropping section of the Quitéria outcrop is characterized by twodepositional intervals,which representdifferentconditionsofadynamiccoastal system.Thebasalinterval, fromlightgraytodarkgray incolor,containssignificantamountsoforganicmatterand ischaracterizedbyfinelevelsofcoalandcarbonaceousshales.Incontrast,thetopinterval,yellowishincolor,ischaracterizedbyclasticsedimentsandpresentsasingularfitofossilassemblagepreservedina roof-shale level. It is inferred that an episodic deposit, associated with a washover system,reconfiguredthemorphologyofthedepositionalsystem,generatingtherelativelyabruptgradationof a peatland system to a sandy soils poor in nutrients system. In previous studies related to theorganic-richintervaloftheoutcrop,theoccurrenceofmacroscopiccharcoalwasdescribed.Hovewerthisoccurencewasrestrictedtoonlyoneoftheoutcroppingfacies.DespitetherelevanceofpreviousstudiestoconfirmdefinitivelytheoccurrenceofPalaeowildfiresintheLowerPermianoftheParanáBasin, inrecentdetailedanalysesoftheoutcroppingsection,macroscopiccharcoalfragmentswerefound inall exposed levels, including the roof-shale. In thisway, thisnewdataallow to infer that,differently to what was thought until now, the palaeowildfires events in Quitéria outcropdepositional systemwere successive, reachingconstantand recurrently thepeatsandsurroundingareasduringtheLowerPermian.

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Session03:WaterandOcean

§ Convener:Prof.Dr.J.W.Metzger1,Prof.Dr.M.CasagrandeLassErbe2,Dr.D.Neuffer1,

Prof.Dr.P.C.Hackspacher3

1:InstituteforSanitaryEngineering,WaterQualityandSolidWasteManagement,UniversityofStuttgart,Germany;

2:UniversidadeFederaldoParaná,PPGMAUI,Curitiba,Brasil3:UniversidadeEstadualPaulistaJúliodeMesquitaFilho,RioClaro,Brazil

Freshwaterisaresourcesuppliedbynaturalenvironmentandisusedintensivelybyhumanactivities.Aquatic ecosystemsaccommodatea largebiodiversity andare important tobuildupbiomassas abase for alimentation of other species and finally for humankind. According to the UN-GeneralAssemblyforHumanRightspeopleareentitledtowaterandsanitation.Basedontheconsiderationsmentionedabove,areliablewatertreatmentanddistributionaswellasasecurewastewaterdraw-offandtreatmentbeforedischargingittothewaterbodyareinevitable.Thetalks/postersdescribewater resources, their use by human activities and provide information of sustainable use in thefuture.Furthermore,thissessionacceptsalsopapersonallaspectsrelatedtosustainabilityofwatersupplyandhandlingwastewater.

Oceansareresources,suppliedbythenaturalenvironmentandareused intensivelybythehumansociety. The rising awareness in Brazil of more than 8.000 km of coast combined with the latestfindingsof giantOil andGasdeposits seeks fora sustainabledevelopment.Germanyon theotherhand is using theOcean resources and has developed research programs, such as FutureOceans,that are concerned with the sustainable use of Oceans. The talks should describe the Oceanresources,theiruseinhumansocieties,andprovideinformationonthesustainableuseinthefuture.

KeynoteLecture:Prof.Dr.R.VenturaSantos,UNB,Brazil

Dr.QingjunGuo,ChineseAcademyofSciences,InstituteofGeographicSciencesandResourcesResearch,China

Prof.Dr.MargareteCasagrandeLassErbe,UFPR,BrazilProf.Dr.FredericoBrandini,USP,Brazil

Prof.Dr.PeterC.Hackspacher,UNESP,Brazil

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OralPresentations

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THEAMAZONBASIN:LEARNINGHOWDOESITWORKROBERTOVENTURASANTOS

UNB/CPRM

TheAmazonbasinhosts the largest forestof theworldandoneto the largest tropical riverof the

planet,whichhasameanmeasured flowof about209,000m3 s1. Thebasinhasanareaofmore

than 6×106km2 t and is part ofmany countries in South America including Brazil, Peru, Ecuador,Bolivia,Venezuela,Colombiaamongothers.Thebasinhasbeensubjectedbymajorchangesalongitshistory,whichonalongtermbasishasbeenstronglyinfluencedbytheriseoftheAndeanMountainchain.TheAndesboundsthewesternsideofbasinandplayakeyroleonitsclimateandhydrology,with a major impact on its supply of suspended materials and nutrients. Besides the long termevolution, the basin has been subjected to major changes in the last few years in land use andclimate.Whilelandusechangesinducedbyhumanoccupationhasaprofoundimpactinbiodiversity,recentclimaticvariationshaveaffectedsignificantlythewatercycle intheregion.For instance,theyears2005and2010registeredtwoofthemostseveredroughtseverrecordedintheregion.Ontheotherhand,theyear2009recordedanexceptionalfloodwithimportantimpactforthewholeregion.The long term sustentability of the Amazon basin requires a comprehensive understanding of itsmajor environmental processes such soil-water-atmospheric interaction, the role of the “várzeas”andshallowaquiferson thewatercycle, thedispersionandrecyclingofnutrients, the relationshipbetweengeochemical,ecologicalandclimaticcycles,amongothertopics.ThegeochemicalcyclesareparticularlyimportantsincetheyconnectdifferentreservoirswithintheAmazonbasin.Forinstance,wewillshowthattherearemajordifferencesinwaterchemistryamongdrainages in the basin as exemplified by their wide range of dissolved strontium isotopiccomposition.WhiletheMadeiraRiverischaracterisedbyradiogenicdissolvedisotopevalueswithalargeannual fluctuation, the Sr isotopic compositionof the SolimõesRiver ismuch less radiogenicand present amore constant pattern throughout the year. The Sr isotopic differences among therivers aswell as its annual fluctuation is a robust geochemical tool both tobetterunderstand fishmigration habits within the basin as well as to monitor commercial fish origin. Similarly, isotopetracers are important to address the origin and transport suspended sediments in the basin,including those related tohuman inducederosionprocesses. Finally, it is important tounderstandhowthesegeochemicalcyclehaveevolvedatdifferenttimescales,thusallowingtheconstructionofmodelsthatshowushowtobetterinteractwiththiscomplexsystem.

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ClimateandlandusechangesintheSãoFranciscoriverbasin,BrazilHagenKoch1,FredFokkoHattermann1,StefanLiersch1,AnaLígiaChavesSilva2,JoséRoberto

GonçalvesdeAzevedo2

1: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Research Domain Climate Impacts andVulnerabilities,Potsdam,Germany,[email protected]:UniversidadeFederaldePernambuco(UFPE),DepartamentodeEng.Civil,CentrodeTecnologiaeGeociências(CTG),Recife,Brazil

WithinthescientificBrazilian-GermancooperationprojectINNOVATEdifferentscenariosfortheSãoFrancisco river basin (Brazil) were developed. The eco-hydrological model SWIM, calibrated andvalidated for this highly managed river basin, was used for simulations of land-use and climatechangescenarios.Theused climate scenarios (SRESA2 andB1) showa clear signof increasing air temperatures butdependingontheclimatemodelincreasingordecreasingannualprecipitation(‘wet’and‘dry’inthefollowing).Thesimulationofthenaturalstate(i.e.withoutmanagementeffectsofreservoirs,watertransfersetc.) for thewet scenario showsan increaseofmeanannualdischargesat gaugeTraipu,located in the lower part of the river basin, with highest increase in August and September, andlowest increase in January. The simulation of the dry scenario shows a decrease ofmean annualdischarges,withthehighestdecreaseinDecemberandasmallincreaseinApril.Thesimulationofthemanagedsystemincludinghydropowergeneration(hydropowerplantsatTresMarias,Sobradinho,Itaparica(LuizGonzaga),ApolonioSales,PauloAfonsoI-III,PauloAfonsoIVandXingo),givesameanannualgenerationof50,550GWh/aforwetscenario.Forthedryscenariothemean annual generation is 39,933 GWh/a. Also proposed new reservoirs, mainly used forhydropowergeneration,andnew irrigationschemeswere included in thescenarioanalysis.By thenew reservoirs Riacho Seco (generation capacity 240MW) and Pedra Branco (generation capacity320MW)themeanannualgenerationincreasesby2,661GWh/aforthewetscenarioandinthedryscenario by 2,014GWh/a.Makinguseof data available fromCompanhia deDesenvolvimentodosVales do São Francisco e Parnaíba (CODEVASF) regions with potential for irrigated and rain-fedagricultural use were derived. In scenario A2 all planned and potential irrigation projects ofCODEVASF are implemented,while in B1 only projects already startedwill be realized. ThewaterdemandinscenarioA2increasestoameanvalueof370m3/sintheyear2030,whileinB1themeanwaterdemandis155m3/s.AlthoughtheirrigationwaterdemandinscenarioA2ismuchhigherthaninscenarioB1,forbothscenariosahighsafetyofwatersupply issimulated inthewetscenario. Inthe dry scenario even for scenario B1 high deficits are simulated. The impacts of irrigationwaterrequirementonhydropowergenerationareratherlowasstrictobservationofminimumdischargesisassumedinthesimulations.Thismeans,onlywateraboveminimumdischargescanbewithdrawnforirrigationorotheruses.The results of the climate impact study for the São Francisco river basin show a large bandwidth,dependingonthescenarioapplied.

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ParaopebaRiverBasinProgramPereira,SD1,Morais,L2,Almeida,T3

1: Minas Gerais State Government, Secretariat for Institutions Relations, Belo Horizonte, MinasGerais,Brazil,[email protected]:MinasGeraisStateGovernment,StateSecretariatforCivilAffairsandInstitutionalRelations,BeloHorizonte,MinasGerais,Brazil,[email protected]: Minas Gerais State Government, State Secretariat for Economic Development, Belo Horizonte,MinasGerais,Brazil,[email protected]

In2010,throughResolution64/292adoptedbytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly,itwasdefinedthatcountriesandinternationalorganizationshavetoprovidefinancialresources,infrastructureandtransfer technology in order to provide safe, clean, accessible and affordable drinking water andsanitation to all people. According to that, almost 884million people lack access to safe drinkingwater and more than 2.6 billion do not have access to basic sanitation which shows the lack ofequitableaccessofsafewaterandthefailuretoobservethefullenjoymentofhumanrights1.TheaimofthepresentationistoanalysetheParaopebaRiverBasinProgram,oneofthesustainableprojects of COPASA - the subnational state company for water supply in Minas Gerais State, incooperation with KfW Development Bank. Its major objective is the improvement of theenvironmentalandlivingconditionsforthepopulationinthenearofParaopeba2riverbasin–BHRP-throughwaterdecontaminationandwatershedprotection.TheBHRPhasgreat importanceas it isresponsibleforsupplyingwaterfor3millionpeopleinBeloHorizontemetropolitanregion3.The Program is highly connected with the principals of the sustainability of water supply andhandlingwastewatertoberetournedtotheoriginalenvironment.Therefore,itwillbeexploredthesuccessoftheprograminprovidingsocialmobilization,diminishingsewernetworkmaintenancebythe correct use of sanitary facilities and protecting the Paraopeba watershed, surface andgroundwaterresources.Itwillbealsodiscussedtowhatextenttheeffectivenessofthisprojectcanbeexpandedtakingintoaccountlegalandpublicpolicyaspects.

1: Resolution 64/292, adopted by the General Assembly on 28 July 210. Accessed byhttp://www.un.org/es/comun/docs/?symbol=A/RES/64/292&lang=Ein29June2015.2:TheParaopebariverispartofTrêsMariasreservoiranditislocatedinthecentralregionofMinasGerais.3:PlanoparaincrementodopercentualdetratamentodeesgotossanitáriosnabaciahidrográficadoRioParaopeba/FundaçãoEstadualdoMeioAmbiente.---BeloHorizonte:FEAM,2011.515p.;il.

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TheanalysisofurbanpatternforanintegratedWaterResourcesManagementintheDistritoFederaldoBrazil

ReneHöfer1,CarstenLorz2,FabioBakker3,FranzMakeschin4,HolgerWeiss1

1: Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research – UFZ, Department Groundwater Remediation,Leipzig,Germany,[email protected]:UniversityofAppliedSciencesWeihenstephanTriesdorf,FacultyofWoodsandForestry,Freising,Germany3: Companhia de Saneamento Ambiental do Distrito Federal (CAESB), Centro de Gestao AguasEmendadas,DepartmentofEnvironmentalandWaterResources,AguasClaras,BrasíliaDF,Brazil4:DresdenTechnicalUniversity,InstituteofSoilScienceandSiteEcology,Tharandt,Germany

Population growth and urbanization, higherwater consumption, andwastewater production, arelikely to have substantial effects on water resources. These effects include reduced groundwaterrecharge,shiftininfiltration-runoffratio,wastewatercollection(treatmentanddrainage),andwaterqualityissues.The analysis and prediction of these effects of urbanization are a major challenge for appliedresearch.ThepresentresearchwaspartoftheIWAS-ÁGUADFprojectthataimedatdevelopinganIntegratedWaterResourcesManagement(IWRM)fortheGreaterBrasíliaregion.Themain objective of the present study is tomonitor and characterize the urban area using theconceptofUrbanStructureTypes (UST)derived fromsatellitedata.TheUSTapproachdividesandclassifiestheurbanareaintohomogeneousregionswhichcanbelinkede.g.towater-relatedissues.In this study the UST concept is applied to characterize the urban area in the study region on aneighborhoodlevelandtolinktheresultingdatawithwater-relevantinformation.Theresultsoftheanalysisshowthatalargenumberofwater-relevantparametersarerepresentedbyUST.Thesecharacteristicswerefurtherusedasinputdataforthepredictionoftheconsequencesofchanginglanduse.Ourstudycontributessubstantially toan IWRMinanalreadyheavilyurbanizedregion.Altogether,theBrasíliaregionofferstheuniqueopportunitytostudytheeffectsofrapidlygrowingandchangingurbanareasonwaterresourcesbasedonacomprehensivedatabase.

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NumericalSimulationofGroundwaterFlowinSantarém-PA-Brazilcountyarea.Dias,D.F.1,Tapajós,R.P.2,Machado,C.J.F.3,Mendonça,L.A.R.4

1:Currentlywithoutacademiclink,[email protected]:InstitutodeEngenhariaeGeociências–IEG,ProgramadeCiênciaeTecnologia–PC&T,Santarém,Brasil,[email protected]: Instituto de Ciências da Educação - ICED, Programa de Ciências Exatas - PCE, Santarém, Brasil,[email protected]:UFCA,FaculdadedeMatemática,JuazeirodoNorte,Ceará,Brasil

Thisworkcarriesoutanumericalsimulationofgroundwaterflowinthemacro-regionofSantarémCounty us driving the Finite DifferenceMethod to solve differential equations. The study area islocatedinthelowerAmazonRiverregion, inthecityofSantarém,inthewestregionofParástate,and comprises approximately 150,000 km2 in area. The system of differential equations thatdetermines the behavior of the hydraulic head in the studied aquifer system was performed insteady state with the aid of MODLFOW software. The boundary conditions of the model wereestablishedbasedonthegeographical,geomorphologicalandhydrogeologicalstructuresexistinginarea,dominatedprimarilyby theAlterdoChão formation.Theevapotranspirationdataneeded torunthemodelwasobtainedbythemethodproposedbyThornthwaite(1948),usingameanvalueof1230mm/year. Soil infiltration characteristicswerealso taken into consideration so that, inurbanareas,arateofonly4%totalrecharge(30mm/year)wasconsidered,inaccordancewiththeGreenand Ampt (RAWLS, et. al. (1983), apudMENDONÇA, 2001) model. Additionally, conductivity dataknown for the most representative wells was used to make an interpolation using the NearestNeighborMethod,sothatthisboundaryconditionwasdefinedheterogeneouslyintheaquifers.Thisconductivity distribution, combinedwith the hydraulic conductance of the Tapajós and AmazonasRivers,closetheentireregionmodel.Calibrationwasperformedwithrechargetakenasavariable,withaminimum residual valueof2.7%,which fellwithin themaximum tolerated residualof 10%.The result shows that thegroundwater flowreachesamaximumspeedexceeding2m/day for theunconfinedaquiferand19.3and6.12cm/dayfortheunderlyingsemi-confinedsubsequentaquifers.Thetotalmassbalanceofwaterbetweensubsystemsoftheaquifersystemconcordswellwiththebehavior of the hydraulic head in steady state. Our study provides the first complete model forgroundwater flow in the Alter do Chão geologic formation, Santarém county region, for themostsuperficialpartoftheaquifersystem—todepthsofapproximately200m.MENDONÇA, L.A.R. Recursos Hídricos da Chapada do Araripe. 2001. 193 p. Tese (Doutorado emRecursosHídricos)–CentrodeTecnologia–UniversidadeFederaldoCeará.Fortaleza,2001.RAWLS,W.J.,D.L.BRAKENSIEK,andN.MILLER.1983.Green–AmptInfiltrationParametersfromSoilsData.J.Hydraul.Eng.109:62–70.THORNTHWAITE,W. 1948.An Approach toward a Rational Classification of Climate.GeographicalReview.38:pp.55-94.

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ChallengesofanintegratedwaterresourcemanagementfortheDistritoFederal,WesternCentralBrazil:climate,land-useandwaterresources

Weiß,H.,Lorz,C.,Makeschin,F.

Helmholtz-ZentrumfürUmwelt;HochschuleWeihenstephan-Triesdorf;TechnischeUniversitätDresden,[email protected];[email protected];[email protected]

Land-use/coverchange(LUCC)andclimatechangearemajorcontrollingfactorsforwaterresourcesintheDistritoFederalinWesternCentralBrazil.DynamicLUCCintheregionhassevereimpactsonwater resources, while climate changes during the last three decades is thought to have onlymoderateeffects.LUCCaffectswaterquantitymostlyduringbaseflowconditions.Riverbasinswithsubstantial expansion of agriculture since the end 1970s show a dramatic decrease of base flowdischargeby40–70%,presumablyduetoirrigation.Incontrast,theeffectsofurbanizationonrunoffare less distinct, since factors controlling runoff generation might be more variable. For waterquality, we found urban areas to have a strong influence on the parameters CSB, NH4+, andsuspendedsolids.Inaddition,weassumeemergingpollutants,e.g.organic(micro)pollutants,mightplayamajorroleinthefuture.TheprojectIWAS-A´GUADFfocusesoncreatingthescientificbasetoface these problems in frame of an IWRM concept for the region. Results of our study will be acontributiontoanIRWMconceptfortheDistritoFederalandwillhelptomaintainhighstandardsinwatersupplyfortheregion.

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ModelingoftemperaturestratificationpatternsforalargerunofariverreservoirintheNorthofBrazil

Polli,B.A.1,Bleninger,T

FederalUniversityofParaná,GraduateProgramonWaterResourcesandEnvironmentalEngineering,Curitiba,Brazil,[email protected]

Freshwater reservoirs are used for many purposes as water supply, irrigation, flood control,navigationandpowergeneration(UNESCO/IHA,2009).AccordingtotheNationalEnergyBalanceof2013,hydropowerenergycorrespondsto70.1%oftheBraziliandemand.Nowadayshydropower isassociated with the creation of reservoirs that may impact the physical, chemical and biologicalcharacteristics of the water body (FRIEDL et al., 2002) and in the last few years have also beenassociatedwithgreenhousegasemissions.Waterquality is strongly related towater temperature,specially itsverticaldistribution, creatingdensity stratifications (HENDERSON-SELLERS,1984)whichcancontrolheatanddissolvedsubstancetransport(ESTEVES,1988).Astemperatureisakeyfactorforreservoirmanagement,anone-dimensionalheattransportmodelhas been developed to identify the seasonal thermal behavior and critical periods (related tostratificationormixing). Themodelhasbeenapplied to a tropicalmonomictic lake in SouthBraziland showed good agreementwithmeasurements andhigh temporal resolutions. In thiswork,weadditionallyshowanapplicationtoalargerunofariverreservoir inNorthBrazil,withhighinflowsandoutflows and ameteorologicalmoreuniform condition compared to SouthBrazil. It has beenshown how the inflows and outflows can affect the thermal structure of thewater body and theresultswerecomparedwithathree-dimensionalmodel (Delft3D). Inadditionphysical indiceswerecalculatedtoestimatetheperiodsofmixingandstratificationthatcanaffectwaterqualityandcanbeusedasatoolforthereservoirmanagement.ReferencelistEsteves,F.A.FundamentosdeLimnologia.Interciência.2aed.RiodeJaneiro.1989.Friedl,G.;Wuest,A.Disruptingbiogeochemicalcycles–Consequencesofdamming.AquaticScience,v.64,pp.55-65.2002.Henderson-Sellers,B.EngineeringLimnology.PitmanPublishing,GreatBritain.1984.UNESCO/IHA.TheUNESCO/IHAmeasurementspecificationguidanceforevaluatingtheGHGstatusofman-madefreshwaterreservoirs.June.2009.

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CirculationintheStateMarineParkofLajedeSantos(SP,Brazil)RobertoF.C.Fontes1andBelmiroCastro2

1:UnivEstadualPaulista,CampusdoLitoral,SãoVicente,Brazil,[email protected]:UnivSãoPaulo,InstitutoOceanográfico,SãoPaulo,Brazil.

The StateMarine Park of Laje de Santos (Santos Rock) is in the Southeastern Brazilian Coast andconsists of a smallmarine fragment represented by a large rock formation, some cliffs and smallreefs (SMPLS). The region is in a 50 km2 polygon and harbors a great biological diversity, such asfishes,chelonian,cetaceanandseabirds.Itisalsoarouteforotherspecies.Althoughitisinawiderbufferzone,theregionispermanentlythreatenedbyanthropogenicactivitieslikeillegalfisheryandpollution. Located at 20 n.m. off the Port of Santos and 40 m depth, the SMPLS is subject toenvironmental impairments related toheavy trafficof cargosand small ships, including those thatgoes or remain in nearby berthage areas. In this ongoing project, we just closed a year ofoceanographic measurements from a moored acoustic current Döppler profiler (ADCP) andmeteorological data collected froma station installedat the topof Lajede Santos. The localwindfieldpointstothehighvariabilityoftheatmosphericcirculation,oncetheyarepredominantlyN-NE(35.3%) and S-SW (20.0%) distributed. The minor expression of those distributions suggestsmeteorologicalsystems,suchascoldfronts,arepresentintheyear-roundrecord.Also,themajorNEwindsaredefinedfromtheSouthAtlanticSubtropicalHigh.Ontheotherhand,thecurrents intheSMPLS aremostlyW-E oriented, accordingly to the local bathymetric features. The classic Fourierspectral analysis of wind and currents showsmost of the energy is distributed in the sub inertialband, as expected in this portion of the inner continental shelf. The tidal circulation is at lowerspectralenergylevelsbutmayberelevanttoresiduallong-termtimeevaluationphenomena,suchasoilspillfateandpollutantdispersionatthesea.Theknowledgeofthephysicalcharacteristicssuchastemperature, salinity, wind-driven circulation and tides are prior to the proper management,preventionandconservationoftheSMPLSmarineresources.

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EnvironmentalQualityofwaterandsoilinBeijing,ChinaQingjunGuo1,MarcPeters1,HaraldStrauss2,GuangxuZhu1,3

1: Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences andNatural ResourcesResearch,ChineseAcademyofSciences,2: Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster,Corrensstrasse24,48149Münster,Germany3:InstituteofGeochemistry,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Guiyang550002,China

Increasinganthropogenicpressureontheenvironmentandthesubsequentdeclineofwaterandsoilquality in theChinesecapitalBeijinghave ledtoseriousconcernsregarding thehealthof the localpopulation. The high degree of industrial pollution exerts a prominent impact on Beijing’senvironment. In order to assess the magnitude of anthropogenic perturbation, we performed acomprehensivesurveyofrain,river,lakeandtapwateraswellassoilsamplescollectedintheBeijingurbanarea.Thesewereanalyzedformultiplestableisotopes(S,O,N),selectedanions,heavymetalsandtraceelements.Analyticalresultsoftapwaterindicateurbansewageasthemajororiginofanthropogenicpollutantsprobably released in large amounts by leaking wastewater pipes to the local groundwater.SubstantialpollutionbyurbansewageandindustrialemissionswerealsodetectedinBeijingrivers.Thelowwaterqualityofnumeroustapandriverwatersampleswillultimatelybecomehazardousforhumanhealthandhighlydestructivefortheecologyintherespectiverivers.Analysis of the sulfate concentration and δ34S values of Beijing precipitation collected betweenAugust2010andDecember2012showedthatanthropogenicsulfurwas theprimecontribution tothesulfurloadinrainwater.Concentrationandisotoperesultsofheavymetals,organiccarbonanddifferentsulfurspeciesfromsoilprofilescollectedataformerindustrialsitesinBeijingprovideimportantinformationaboutthesourcesofthesecompounds.WaterandsoilaremostaffectedbyurbanpollutioninthehighlyindustrializedareasofBeijing.Theresultsof this combinedgeochemicalandmultiple stable isotopestudypoint toacritical statusofthe local soil, rivers and aquifers, caused by the rapid growth of Beijing accompanied by anirresponsiblehandlingofurbaneffluents.

Acknowledgements: Financial support by the National Basic Research Program of China (973Program) (No.2014CB238906), the One Hundred Talents Program and the Fellowship for YoungInternationalScientistsProgramoftheChin.Acad.ofSciencesaswellasbyNSFC(No.41450110460).

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Groundwaterdepletion:GlobaloverviewandregionalexamplesAeschbach-Hertig,W

Institute of Environmental Physics and Heidelberg Center for the Environment, University ofHeidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany,[email protected]

Groundwater constitutes the world’s largest freshwater resource with central importance forirrigated agriculture and hence global food security. Yet, excessive extraction of groundwater forirrigation has led to widespread depletion, especially in large groundwater systems in semi-aridregions, where the groundwater is only slowly renewed [1]. Globally aggregated groundwaterdepletion has accelerated markedly since the mid-twentieth century and has contributed non-neglibly to sea-level rise [2].Obviously, the current groundwater use inmany regionswith rapidlyfalling water tables is not sustainable. However, groundwater sustainability criteria are morecomplexthansimplyrequiringthatpumpingshallnotexceednaturalrecharge.Technicalapproachessuch aswater diversion, artificial groundwater recharge and efficient irrigation have been tried insomeregionsbuthaveoftenfailedtobalancegroundwaterbudgets.Amongthemostdramaticexamplesofgroundwaterdepletionareregionsof intenseagriculture inpartsofIndia,ChinaandtheUnitedStates,wherethewaterlosscanbedetectedatthebasinscaleby gravity measurements from the GRACE satellites [3]. It is important to quantify the hydraulicpropertiesofaquifers insuchbasins inorder tobeable tobuildreliablegroundwater flowmodelsthat can be used to project future changes due groundwater utilization, technical measures, andclimatechange. Inorder toobtainquantitativeestimatesofparameterssuchas rechargeand flowrates,isotopesandtracersforgroundwaterdatingareimportantandusefultools.Recent examples of tracer studies in regional aquifers affected by strong utilization in China andJordanwill bepresented. The largeaquifer systemof theNorthChinaPlainplays a central role inChina’s food production, benefiting from extensive groundwater exploitation for irrigation. Thesustainabilityofthisproductionisthreatenedbywidespreaddeclinesingroundwaterlevel,locallyatarateofmorethan1mperyear[4].Thestrongincreaseofevapotranspirationduetotheintensivecroppingsystemhas ledtoan imbalance inthegroundwaterbudget,whichcouldbeconfirmedbyrechargeestimatesbasedongroundwaterages[5]. InJordan,groundwaterextractionfor irrigationhasledtothedrying-upoftheimportantwetlandareaoftheAzraqOasis.Somewellsintheareaareaffected by increasing salt contents, the origin ofwhich could be elucidated by the use of tracersincludinginparticularheliumisotopes[6].[1]Aeschbach-Hertig,W.,andGleeson,T.(2012).Nat.Geosci.5,853-861.[2]Konikow,L.F.(2011).Geophys.Res.Lett.38,L17401.[3]Rodell,M.,etal.(2009).Nature460,999–1003.[4]Kendy,E.,etal.(2004).Hydrol.Processes18,2289–2302.[5]VonRohden,C.,etal.(2010).WaterResour.Res.46,W05511.[6]Kaudse,T.,(2014).PhDthesis,HeidelbergUniversity,219pp.

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WaterCADasamodelingtooltoreducewaterlossinthecityofPederneiras-SãoPauloState,Brazil.

Imada,RafaelG.1;Motta,SérgioH.2;Bastos,MarianaM.3;Silva,ElianaM.F.4;Alves,JanainaA.5;dosSantos,AnaCarolinaF.6

1EnvironmentalEngineer;2CivilEngineer;3EnvironmentalEngineer;4EnvironmentalEngineer;5CivilEngineer;6EnvironmentalEngineer,CONTACT:SérgioH.Motta/[email protected]/R.PasseiodasCastanheiras,431–Torre03Conj.801CEP:13561-384,SãoCarlos–SP/Brazil.

The average flow in Brazilian rivers is 179,000 m3/s, which represents about 12% of the worldavailability ofwater resources1, theAmazonRiver basin alone is accountable for 70%of country’stotal. Therefore, water was never addressed as an exhaustible natural resource and WaterManagementwasnotaninherentconcernthroughouttheprocessofurbanization,onlyrecentlythisvisionwaschanged.Since2003, theStateofSãoPaulo (wherethereaverageflowwithinthestatelimits is 1.7% of the national average) is experiencing draughts, affecting in its reservoirs, andthreatening the security ofwater supply ofmillions of people. The StateAdministrationmoves toimplementdrasticmeasuresinordertoavoidthisdisruption,includingwaterrationing.Located320kilometersaway fromtheStatecapital,Pederneiras, similarly tootherBraziliancities, suffers fromsevere losses in its water supply system. Between 08/2012 and 09/2013, almost 50% of all thetreatedwaterdidnotreachthefinalconsumers,eitherduetoleakagesortofraudulentconnectionsin the distribution system. Managing such deficient system was made more challenging for theadministrators since most of the information regarding the system was scattered and outdated.WaterCAD isapowerfulmodeling tool thathelpsengineersprojectandstudy intricatepressurizedpiping systems2. The operational and commercial data were collected, and subsequently, theinformation was inserted into the WaterCAD platform. The model was divided into sectors andpressurezones,withhydraulicelementsinsertedpunctually,representinganaccuratemodeloftheexisting system. Water consumption statistics was obtained from historical records of themanagement entity, and patterns of consumption were generated from field measurements ofpressureand flow indifferentpointsof thecity,whichcontributed to thecalibrationof thedigitalmodel. Physical losses refer to the fractionofwaterproduced thatdoesnot reach the consumersduetoleakage.Todeterminethephysicalloss,theFAVADmethodwasapplied,accordingtowhich,thedischargeleakeddependsonthecharacteristicsoftheleakage;onthematerialofthepipe;andonthepressureofthewater inthesystem.Besides identifyingcriticalareas,suchashigh-pressurezones,themodelingsoftwarealsoallowedtheoperatorstodeterminetheageoftheinfrastructureand if the headwater losswas above the desired limit. Different alternativeswere proposed andcomparedtechnically,economicallyandenvironmentally.Theanalysisconsidereda30yearsprojectspam, adopting the highest water consumption scenario. The proposed alternatives, to beimplementedimmediately,wouldbesufficienttoreduceleakagesinabout15%.Theshort,medium,and long-term actions could result in a reduction of 50% in the amount ofwater lost. This paperpresents all the stages underwent so that the city of Pederneiras could increase drastically theefficiency of its water supply system and contribute to a rational use of a natural resourceincreasinglyscarce.

1:BrazilianWaterResourcePlan,20062:WaterCAD:WaterDistributionModelingSoftware,Volume5-User’sGuide.

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Enhancingreservoirmanagementwithhydro-acousticinformation.HilgertS.1,FuchsS.1,BleningerT.2,FernandesC.3

1: Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), Institute for Water and River Basin Management,DepartmentofAquaticEngineering,Karlsruhe,Germany,2:UniversidadeFederaldoParaná(UFPR),DepartamentodeEngenhariaAmbiental (DEA),Curitiba,Brazil3: Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento (DHS),Curitiba,BrazilContact:[email protected]

Sincedecades,Brazilhasfocusedontheuseanddevelopmentofreservoirsforavarietyofpurposes.Thefirstandmostimportantuseistheproductionofelectricityfollowedbythestorageandsupplyofdrinkingwater.Brazilnowhasasupplyrateofaround78%ofthenationalelectricitydemandfromhydroelectric plants. In comparison to other countries, Brazil has above average sized reservoirsincludingthefamousexamplesof ItaipúandtheBeloMonteproject.However,theconstructionofreservoirsleadstoseveredisruptionsofriverineecosystems.Transportedmaterialistrappedinfrontofthedamsandaccumulatesassedimentintheimpoundment.Dependingtosedimentationsratesandthequalityofthesediment,thisprocessmayhaveconsequencesfortheuseandmanagementof the reservoir. The formationofnutrientdepotse.g.phosphorous in the sedimentmayenhancealgae blooms in drinking water reservoirs causing higher costs for the water treatment and apotential threat to the public health. The massive accumulation of sediment material andconsequentlythelossofstoragevolumeleadstoareducedcapacityofthereservoir.Additionally,ifthe amount of volume loss is unknown a precisemanagement of the reservoir is hardly possible.Especially during dry phases, as seen during the year 2014, a sophisticatedwatermanagement isnecessarytopreventsevere impairmentsfortheeconomyandthesociety.Toproducethedesiredinformationabouttheamountandqualityofthesedimentinareservoir,echo-soundingtechnologyrepresents an effective approach for extensivemeasurements on large scales. This study gives anoverviewaboutseveralinvestigatedaspectsofsedimentcharacterizationanddetectioninaBrazilianreservoir.Theresultsencompassthedistributionofsedimenttypesandsedimentvolumesaswellaschemicalparameterslikecarboncontentortotalphosphorous.Basedonthecombinationofhydro-acoustic sediment characterization and sediment core sampling the distribution of the namedparametersinthereservoirwasinterpolated.Highlysignificantcorrelationsbetweenhydro-acousticandsedimentfeaturesallowthecreationofprecisemaps,illustratingsedimentcharacteristicsofthereservoir.Sedimentaccumulationratesarecalculated.Theresultinginformationmayserveasabasisforanimprovedreservoirmanagement.

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Medicalwaste:whyisitsodangerous?MargareteCasagrandeLassErbe

UniversidadeFederaldoParaná,PPGMAUI,Curitiba,Brasil,[email protected]

Themedicalfield,whichconstantlyseeksthecurefordiseasesandbringscomfortandalongerlifetohumans, is responsible for generating different types of waste that, by its distinct features, areconsidereddangerous.Wastethatpresentsbiologicalagents,duetotheirdirectorigininhealthcare,aretheonesthatstandout,astheybringwiththemthepossibilityofdiseasetransmissionthroughvirusesandbacteria,arisingfrompatientswhocometoclinicsandhospitalsinsearchoftreatment.Thepopulationthatworksdirectlyinclinics,hospitalsandotherhealthestablishmentsisvaccinatedto acquire antibodies from different kinds of diseases and make use of personal protectiveequipment such as disposable gloves, masks, aprons and, in specific procedures, glasses, boots,amongothers.Here,comestheperceptionthatmaterialsmadewithplasticsandtextiles,alsocometobe characterized as biologicalwaste, because theyhad contactwithpatientswithdiseases anddeserveappropriatetreatmentandadequatedisposal.Inadditiontotheconcernaboutoccupationaldiseases,thereistheconcernaboutwhatshouldbedonewiththehospitalwaste.Theresponsibilityfortheproperdestinyofeveryunusablematerialthatcomesoutofhealthfacilitiesshouldalreadyoccur when there is the need for the acquisition of different materials, by the different sectorsinvolved. It is at the timeof purchase,when thematerial is coming to theestablishment that thequestionshouldbeasked:aftertheuse,howwill thismaterialbediscarded?Canitbedisposedascommonwaste? Can it be recycled? Can thematerial contaminated be dropped straight into theground? Are the expired medicinal product or leftovers also dangerous? Must chemotherapeuticmaterials necessarily be incinerated? Can the containers that come in contact with contaminatedmaterials be recycled?Do the radioactivedrugs after use remains radioactive?Will the excretaofpatientsalsobecontaminated?Justasthehealthfacilitiesareresponsibleforthefateandtreatmentto be given to thewaste generated, the different sectors of these establishments should be heldaccountable to separate these materials, enabling a cost minimization management. Recyclablematerialssuchasplastic,paper/cardboardandglass,whennotcontaminatedmaybesold,reducingtheamountofmaterialtobetreatedand/ordestroyed.Onlypartofthiswastepresentsrisktothepublic health and the environment and, if not disposed properly, can contaminate the soil andconsequentlythegroundwater.Theuseofthesewatersbeitforquenchingtheanimalsthirstorforwateringthecropsbringrisksofcontaminationduetothepresenceofbiologicalagents,wasteswithchemical characteristics, including waste that can cause mutagenicity and genotoxicity andradioactivewaste.Theclassificationofthewastesguidesforthedestinationtobegiventodifferentmaterialswhich,ifnotproperlysegregatedstarttobecharacterizedasdangerouswaste,ofdifficulttreatment and with a high cost of destruction or remediation. An additional challenge is in themicropollutants management, resulting from the ingestion of drugs, which return to theenvironmentthroughexcreta,characterizedaspersistent.

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ThepriornotificationobligationbetweenmemberstatesofLaPlataBasininhydraulicexploitation

AnaMariaMoreiraMarchesan

FederalUniversityofSantaCatarina(UFSC),LawDepartment,Florianópolis/SC,Brazil;publicattorneyin law of Rio Grande do Sul State/RS; Foundation of the Public Prosecution Service and FederalUniversityofRioGrandedoSul(UFRGS),[email protected]

LaPlataBasinisofimmeasurablevaluetothecountriesinwhichitlays(Brazil,Argentina,Uruguay,ParaguayandBolivia)foritswealthofwater(largeavailabilityoffreshwater),itsfunctionalityfromatransport point of view, economic value, presence of biomes such as Atlantic Forest, Pantanal,Pampa,nottomentionitsamazingpotentialforenergyuse.Standingamongtheworld'slargest,LaPlataRiverBasinhasanareaof3.1millionsquarekilometers,equivalentto17%oftheareaofSouthAmerica,andisthesecondlargestbasinofthecontinent.Furthermore,theecosystemofthisbasinisconnectedwith the systemof theGuaraniAquifer (the largestunderground reserve in theworld),establishing a deeply dependent relationship. Starting from the river basin as a unit of planningdesignandofmanagementof transboundary riversas themost correctof theecosystempointofview, this study analises international treaties and conventions celebrated by the countries of thebasinaswellassomedisputesinwhichtheseStateswereinvolved.Theconclusionofthisresearchisthatanegoisticanduncompromisingvisionoffragmentedplanningstillprevails.Moreover,thereisno consideration of an intergenerational perspective and sustainable environmental, social andeconomicaldevelopment. It also seeks to showhow theobligationofpriornotification is relevantand linked to the principles of cooperation, prevention and precaution, all of which are veryimportantinenvironmentalmatters.Thepriornotificationobligationcannowbeconsideredatruecustom in InternationalEnvironmentalLaw.However, ithasbeen little fulfilledby thecountriesoftheRiverPlateBasinwhentheydecidetocarryouttheirprojectsandenterprises.

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ThepotentialofsouthernBraziliancontinentalshelfforoffshorecultivationofmollusks.

FredericoBrandini1,ArielSchefferdaSilva2

1:OceanographicInstitute–SãoPauloUniversity,DepartmentofBiologicalOceanography,SãoPaulo(SP),Brazil,[email protected]:FederalInstituteofParaná,Paranaguá(PR),Brazil,[email protected]

Productiongroundsofmolluskshavebeendevelopedinthelast3decadesalongthesouthBraziliancoast,causingwatereutrophication,visualpollutionandhenceconflictswithothersocio-economicactivities.Thispresentationshowsthepotential forcommercialproductionofscallops,oystersandmussels out of the coast, based exclusively on the particulate organic matter derived from deepchlorophyllmaximaatthebaseoftheeuphoticlayersintheopenmid-shelfareas.Carbonbiomassattheselayersismostlyduetotheaccumulationofdiatoms,growinginresponsetobottomintrusionsofnutrient-richoceanicwaters.Duringsummerseasonsintrusionsmovefurtheronshoretobalancethe surface Ekman transport offshore of surface waters in response to northeast winds. Theseonshore fertilization of mid-shelf waters (50-100 m) enhanced diatom production in the watercolumn, providing more food for the growth of filter feeders. Preliminary experiments made inParanaStatehaveconfirmedtheoffshorecultureofmollusksinsouthernBraziliseconomicallyandenvironmentallysustainable.

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Ofsystemsandnetworks:Social-ecologicalanalysisinBraziliancoastalandmarineareas

MarionGlaser1,PhilippGorris2,LeopoldoGerhardinger3

1: Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology, Social-Ecollogical Systems Analysis Group, Bremen,Germany,[email protected]:InstituteofEnvironmentalSystemsResearch,UniversityofOsnabrück,Osnabrück,Germany3:UniversityofJoinville(Univille)Joinville,SaoFranciscodoSul,SantaCatarina,Brazil

The embeddedness of humanity in nature and consequent need to analyze social-ecologicaldynamics as integrated systems are nowwidely accepted (Crutzen, 2002, Biermann, 2014).Morerecently,anewtypeofgloballyencompassingsciencethatlinksdisciplines,knowledgesystemsandsocietal partners to support a more agile global innovation system is being sought (seewww.futureearth.org).Thegenerationofglobalsustainabilityknowledgedoesnotworkfromthetopdown only. It needs analyses at multiple spatial and institutional levels including the national,regionalandlocal.Italsorequiresactivesocialnetworkstogenerateandintegratesuchknowledge.Thispresentationoutlinesapproachesand results fromtheauthors’work in three regional coastaland marine social-ecological systems studies in Brazil. Case study work in the states of Pará,Pernambuco/Alagoas and Santa Catarina, and the recently initiated PainelMar (Brazilian FutureOcean Panel) national network are presented to showcase major elements from the past twodecadesofcollaborativeresearchbetweenBrazilianandGermanpartnerswhichaimstosupportthesustainablegovernanceandmanagementofsocial-ecologicalsystemsalongthecoastofBrazil.ReferencesBiermann,Frank.2014.“TheAnthropocene:AGovernancePerspective.”TheAnthropoceneReview1(1):57–61.http://anr.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1177/2053019613516289(March28,2014).CrutzenPJ(2002)Geologyofmankind.Nature415:23Gerhardinger,L.C;Gonçalves,L.;Motta,F.S.;Schneider,S.;Carvalho,F.G.;Vila-Nova,D.2014.SettingandImplementingaProgrammaticAgendaforCoastal-MarineNetworksinBrazil.In:(Eds:McConney,P., Medeiros, R.P., Pena, M. 2014) Enhancing Stewardship in Small-Scale Fisheries: Practices andPerspectives.CERMESTechnicalReportNo.73SpecialEdition.Glaser,M,Cabral,N,LobatoRibeiro,A.(eds)2005Gente,ambienteepesquisa:Manejo transdisciplinarnoManguezal,Belém,NUMA(UFPA)344pGlaserM(2010)AppropriateKnowledgeforaMangrove-BasedSocial-EcologicalSystem:OutlookforFutureWork. In: Saint Paul U, Schneider H (eds)Mangrove Dynamics andManagement in NorthBrazil.Springer,Heidelberg,pp340-351Glaser, M, Gorris, P, Feireira, B. P. (under review) Territoriality, power and social interactionsbetweenmarinestakeholdersregulatingnearshorecoralreefsinnorth-easternBrazilMarinePolicyGorris, P., Glaser, M., Gerhardinger, L. C. & Ferreira, B. P. (unpublished manuscript). Exploringstrengthsandweaknessesofregionalmarineprotectedareagovernanceusinganetworkapproach:Acasestudyfromnorth-easternBrazil, inEntangled?Linkinggovernancesystemsforregional-scalecoral reef management: Analysis of case studies in Brazil and Indonesia, PhD Thesis, JacobsUniversity,Bremen.

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ThesustainabledevelopmentonBraziliancoastalandoceanicregionsPeterC.Hackspacher

UniversidadeEstadualPaulistaJúliodeMesquitaFilho,RioClaro,Brazil

Thesustainabledevelopment inBraziliancoastalandoceanic regionsneeds tobeobservedwithapolitical,socialandaneconomicfocus.ThePortuguesecolonialistpolicy,amongthe16thand18thcenturiesimprints,inBrazil,aculturalidentityofexplorationwithoutanysustainablepolicy.Atthattime,Brazilwasusedasasourceofnaturalresources(gold)andagriculture.Thisconceptisingraineduntilnowwithlargeimpactincontinentalandcoastal/oceanicareas.Currentviewsunderstandthecoastal/oceanic regions as a discharge area. The policy for sustainable development incoastal/oceanicregionsneedsto involvefederal,stateandlocalauthorities. Inthiscontext,coastaland oceanic Environmental ProtectionAreas (APAS)were created along the 8 000 kmof Braziliancoastline.

Theeconomicuseofnaturalresourcemustberelatedtoasustainabledevelopmentpolicy.Focusinggeologicalresources,wehavetoconsidertheexplorationofdifferentmaterialsas:sandandgravel,oilandgas,sulfides,manganeseoxides,hydratesandothers.

Forarationalexplorationwehavetoconsidertheneedstohave,sustainablewithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Incoastal/oceanicareas,sustainabilityhastobeseenintheinteractionofenvironment,social,andeconomics.

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ImpactofurbansystemsonnutrientfluxesandsurfacewaterqualityintheSãoFranciscoCatchment

Venohr,M.1,Fischer,P.1,Siewert,S.2

1:Leibniz-instituteofFreshwaterEcologyandInlandFisheriesBerlin,Dept.ofEcohydrology,Berlin,Germany,[email protected]:TechnicalUniversityBerlin,InstituteofLandscapeandEnvironmentalPlanning,Dept.ofLandscapeEconomics,Berlin,Germany;[email protected]

The Sao Francisco catchment, with a size of 630,000 km², shows strong gradients in geo-physicalcharacteristics like precipitation, topography or soils but also in anthropogenic factors such aspopulation and livestock densities or fertilizer application.Observedwater quality parameters likenutrient or oxygen concentrations show critical trends as well as regionally and temporarilydrasticallyelevatedvalues.ByapplyingthemodelMONERIS(Venohretal.2011),hot-spotregionsfornitrogen(N)andphosphorus(P)sources,thesubsequent in-streamretentionandtransportaswellasresultingloadsandconcentrationsinsurfacewatersweredeterminedfortheperiodfrom2000-2010onamonthlybasis.Withinthestudyperiod,NandPemissionsincreasedintotalby20%and35%,respectively,mostlydrivenbyagrowingurbanpopulation.Nutrientemissionsincreasesignificantlyduringrainyseasonsand adjacent to larger cities, although they were in average low. In 2010, emissions from urbansystems and point sources, contributed about 47% (N) and 57% (P) of the total emissions.Wastewaterinurbanareasisoftenonlycollectedbutpoorlyornottreatedintreatmentplants,whereasinruralareaswastewater isusuallycollected indecentralizedsystems, finallyoftendischargingviaasoil-groundwaterpassage(inducinghighretentionrates).Highwater temperatures and low oxygen contents lead to increased nitrogen retention, whereashigh sorption capacities of aquatic sediments support high phosphorus retention. Nevertheless,despite of high retention rates, the densely populated and wetter upstream part contributesdominantsharestothenutrientloadseveninremotedownstreamareas.Ourscenariocalculationssuggest,thatby2035,populationintheSaoFranciscocatchmentwillgrowby 41% (mostly in cities), causing an increase in emissions by 18% (N) and 24% (P). In addition,intensificationinagriculturewillleadtoanincreaseofemissionsby22%(N)and2%(P).Atthesametime,inducedbyadeclineofprecipitationandrun-offbyabout17%,emissionswilllowerby15%(N)and11%(P).Reducedrun-offwill,despiteofreducedemission,causehighernutrientconcentrationsinsurfacewaters,locallyrisingbyupto200%(N)and50%(P).Currentandfuturetrendsinincreasingemissionsaswellasreducedrun-offsuggestexacerbatedandpossiblycritical chemicalandecologicalwaterqualityconditions. Withoutanenhanced treatmentcapacity and rate for urbanwastewater togetherwith a controlledusageof fertilizer and surfacewaterforirrigationbyagriculture,quantityandqualityoffreshwaterecosystemsandresourcesarepotentiallyendangeredintheSaoFranciscocatchment.References:Venohr,M.,etal.(2011):ModellingofNutrientEmissionsinRiverSystems-MONERIS-MethodsandBackground.InternationalReviewofHydrobiology96:435-483.

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Costalecosystemsandecosystemservices:driversofchangeandhowtocounteractMartinZimmer

LeibnizCentreforMarineTropicalEcology,Bremen,Germany,[email protected]

Many resourcesexploitedbyboth local communitiesandmankindworldwideareacean-based,betheyprovidedbythewatercolumnortheseabed.However,whenitcomestoconsideringlivelihoodandwell-being of local communities, we have to take into account coastal (eco-)systems and theservices they provide, as people live on coasts, and coastal population size and density are ever-increasing,particularlyintropicalregions.Theseecosystemservicesaredrivenbybioticcommunitiesthat, in turn, are affected by both environmental conditions and land- and seascape-use. Hence,“global change” will drive changes in ecosystem service. For future generations to benefit fromcoastalecosystemsandtheirservices,wewillneedtoeithercounteract,oradaptto,thesechange-drivenchanges.

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PosterPresentations

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AnalysisofthevarietyofwaterqualityparametersofAmazonRiver,inPeru,ColombiaandBrazil

Corrêa,L.S1;Serrão,B.C1;Mendes,A.C2

1:FederalUniversityofWesternPará,Santarém,Brazil,[email protected]:FederalUniversityofWesternPará,InstituteofEngineeringandGeosciences,Santarém,Brazil

TheAmazonRiverhasit’sorigininthePeruvianAndes,crossoverasmallportionofColombiauntilitarrivesinBrazil.Itstributary’sformthebiggesthydrographicbasinintheworld,monitoredbywaterqualitystations.OnthisworkparametersofwaterqualitymeasuredonlyinAmazonRiver, inthe3countrieswhere it flows,werecomparedtoanalyses if there isanyvarietyofwaterqualityand itspossible cause. These parameters are Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Thermotolerant Coliforms (TC),BiochemicalOxygenDemand (BOD),ElectricConductivity (EC)andhydrogenionicpotential (pH). InPeru,theAmazonRiveriscalledApurímacandpresentsthemostbasicpH.InBrazil,thepHismoreacid and this variance is due to the humic acid in the water, that is related with the amount oforganic material, that increases as the river flows longer distances. However, Peru presents thehighest TC values. Which means that in the monitoring point the water is polluted, probably bydomestic sewerage, once theTC indicates thepossibility of havingpathogenicmicroorganism thattransmit deceases by water. The BOD presents the highest values in Colombia, indicating biggeramountoforganicmaterialon themonitoringpoint,possiblydue to the localmicroflora increase.TheECalsopresentshighvaluesinColombia,whichmeanshigherquantityofions.TheDOdisplayshigher values in Brazil. Thus, we concluded that in this point the water is cleaner, once the lowquantityofDOindicatescontaminatedwaterduetoorganicmaterialdecomposition.Therefore,itisremarkablethevarietyofwaterqualityastheAmazonRiveradvancestowardstheAtlanticOcean.Manystreamsthatflowsthroughgreaturbancenters,likeManauscity,carrydomesticseweragetobigger rivers.Thedisarrangedandpopulationalgrowthofcities,withoutsanitaryplanning,are thecausesofwatercontamination.The industrialwaste,miningandagriculturalactivitiesalsodirectlyaffectswaterquality.However,publicpolicyandenvironmentalawarenessprogramsaredevelopingtheroleofalertandamendpopulation’sbehavior.ReferencesAgênciaNacionalDeÁguas (Brasil) (ANA). 2005. Panoramada qualidade das águas superficiais noBrasil/AgênciaNacionaldeÁguas,SuperintendênciadePlanejamentodeRecursosHídricos(SPR).AgênciaNacionalDeÁguas(Brasil)(ANA).2011.ConjunturadosrecursoshídricosnoBrasil:informe2011.Ed.Especial.AgênciaNacionalDeÁguas(Brasil)(ANA).2012.ConjunturadosrecursoshídricosnoBrasil:informe2012.Ed.Especial.Serviço Geológico do Brasil (Brasil) (CPRM). 2007. Banco de dados de QA Versão 2: Manual deInstruções.BeloHorizonte:CPRM.

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HeavymetalsinseawatersofthestuarineregionofItanhaémRiverDrainageBasin(SP-Brazil)

Doranti-Tiritan,C.1,Hackspacher,P.C.1,2,Fontes,R.F.C.3

1:InstitutodeEstudosAvançadosdoMar,UNESP,SãoVicente,[email protected]:InstitutodeGeociênciaseCiênciasExadas,UNESP,RioClaro,Brazil3:CampusdoLitoralPaulista,UNESP,SãoVicente,Brazil

Estuariesarebasicallywaterbodiesalong thecoast thatact likean interfacebetween freshwaterand marine environment presenting themselves as shelters, reproduction, nursery and recruitingareas for numerous species (Kennish, 1992). Estuaries are an irreplaceable natural resource thatmustbemanagedcarefullyforthebenefitofallwhodependonthisenvironment.Thismanagementcanbeextremelyhardastheestuariesreceivesignificantanthropogenicinputsfrombothpointandnon-pointupstreamsourcesandfrommetropolitanareas,tourismandindustrieslocatedalongtheestuariesedges(Caeiroetal.,2005).Oneofthemostseriouspollutantsinaquaticsystemsisthehighconcentrationofheavymetals.Duetheir toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation problems, trace metals in natural waters havebecomea significant topicof concern for scientists andengineers in various fields associatedwithwater quality, as well as a concern of the general public (Tam & Wong, 2000; Greaney, 2005).Consequently, studies to determine the concentration of heavy metals in estuarine waters arenecessary.Concerningthisproblem,theaimofthisworkwastostartdeterminingtheconcentrationofheavymetalsinestuarinewaterintheItanhaémRiverestuarywaterbyICP-MSanalyze.TheItanhaémRiverbasinislocatedonthesoutherncoastoftheSãoPauloState,southeasternBrazilanddrainsawatershedofabout950km2,withapproximately50kmlengthand15kmwidth.Theprincipal economic activity is tourism and fishing. The Itanhaém River is the final channel of thehydrographicbasinand is locatedona coastalplain. This river is formedby the confluenceof thePreto and Branco rivers. These two rivers drainwell preserved areas of tropical rain forest of theState Park of the Sea Range, preserved areas of restinga vegetation and some areaswith bananafarms(Camargoetal.,1997).Herewewillbepresentingthefirstresultsofthisworkthatwillbepartofamajorprojectthatwillbeincludingotheranalyticaldata. Caeiro, S. et al. Assessing heavymetal contamination in Sado Estuary sediment: An index analysisapproach.EcologicalIndicators5,151–169,2005.Camargo,A.F.M.,etal.TheinfluenceofthegeologyonthelimnologicalcharacteristicsofsomeloticecosystemsoftheItanhaemRiverBasin,SP-Brazil.Verh.Int.Verein.Limnol.,26:860-864,1997.Greaney,K.M.AnAssessmentOfHeavyMetalContaminationInTheMarineSedimentsOfLasPerlasArchipelago,GulfOf Panama.Master of Science inMarineResourceDevelopment andProtection.Heriot-WattUniversity,Edinburgh,114f.2005.Kennish, M.J. Ecology of estuaries: anthropogenic effects. Marine Science Series, CRC Press. NY.494p.1992.Tam, N.F.Y., Wong, Y.S. Spatial variation of heavy metals in surface sediments of Hong Kongmangroveswamps.EnvironmentalPollutionVol110,pp195-205,2000.Suguio,K.&Martin,L.1978.CartaGeológicadeItanhaém.Fapesp,SãoPaulo.25p.

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EvaluationoftheuseofPowderActivatedCarbonforremovalofEmergingMicropollutantsfromWastewaterFerreira,J.C.R.1,Amaraldo,K.J.2,Neuffer,D.2

1: Companhia de Saneamento do Paraná (SANEPAR), Unidade de Serviço de Gestão Ambiental(USGA),Curitiba,Brazil,[email protected]: University of Stuttgart, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid WasteManagement (ISWA), Stuttgart, Germany, [email protected],[email protected]

Emergingmicropollutantsarebeingintroducedtotheenvironmentthroughanthropogenicactivities,buthavenotyetbeenincludedinnationalandinternationalmonitoringprograms[1].Manyoftheseemerging micropollutants are not removed, or are only partially removed, with conventionalwastewater treatment processes, and may have a harmful effect on human beings and theenvironment[1]. Thus, inorder to remove thesemicropollutants fromwastewater it isnecessary toadoptadvanced treatment technologies,oneofwhich isadsorptionwithpowderactivatedcarbon(PAC)[1,2]. This study evaluated the process of adsorption with PAC to remove 18 emergingmicropollutantsfromsecondarywastewatereffluentinawastewatertreatmentplant(WWTP).Thesources of the micropollutants assessed are pharmaceuticals and personal care products PPCPs,organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers, and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole andbenzothiazole (MTBT and BT). Norit PAC was selected for this study, as previous evaluation (notaddressed in this abstract) showed that it had the best results for micropollutant removal. Thecontact time was 30 minutes and PAC concentrations used were 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/L. In thisconfiguration,removalefficiencyofallpharmaceuticalsanalysedwashigherthan77%with10mg/LofPAC, andwith20mg/L itwasgreater than90%. Forpersonal careproducts, removal efficiencywith10mg/LofPACvariedfrom50%fortriethylcitrateandupto88%fortonalide(AHTN),while20mg/L removedmore than 83% of each personal care product analyzed. For the flame retardants,removalrateswith10mg/LofPACvariedfrom49%fortris-(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP)and91%for tris-(2-chloro-, 1-chloromethyl-ethyl)phosphate (TDCP), and 20mg/L attained removal rates of86% for TCEPand99% for TDCP. Finally,MTBTandBTobtained removal levels equal toorhigherthan 60%with initial addition of 5mg/L of PAC. The results demonstrated that the treatment ofadsorption with PAC is an efficient solution for the removal of the emerging micropollutantsevaluated,indicatingthatthistreatmentprocesscancontributetoachievingthesustainabilityoftheenvironment,especiallyofthewaterresourcesandtheaquaticecosystem.Wewould like toacknowledge the financial supportof theDAADandDr.BertramKuch forall thesupportduringtheresearch.[1]Ternes T.A.; JOSS, A. Human Pharmaceuticals, Hormones and Fragrances: The Challenge ofmicropollutantsinurbanwatermanagement.London:IWAPublishing,2006.[2]Metzger, S.: Einsatz von Pulveraktivkohle zur weitergehenden Reinigung von kommunalemAbwasser.DissertationsschriftTUBerlin,OldenbourgIndustrieverlagMünchen,2010.

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ExtremeClimateEventsintheEstuaryofSantos(SP,Brazil)RobertoF.C.Fontes1,DenisM.S.Abessa1,AgataS.Romero1andA.J.F.C.Oliveira1

1:UnivEstadualPaulista,CampusdoLitoral,SãoVicente,Brazil,[email protected]

TheSantosEstuaryconsistsofasystemofchannels,riversandsmallcontinentaldrainsinfluencedbythehydrologicalsystemofcoastalsprings,byhydroelectricoperationsandafloodpreventionsystemfrom the upland Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The port activities and anthropogenicinterferences cause physical-chemical and geomorphological changes in the estuary, which mayimpair the uptake of water supply, compromise artisanal fishing and recreational activities andpromote environmental changes. The port access channel is the most important region, withrelativelyhighdepths (20m),which ismaintainedbyperiodicdredgingoperations.Theaimof thisstudy istoanalyzemeasurementsandmodelingresults fortemperatureandsalinityprofiles intheport channel, featuring the main estuary behavior on their major timescales, accordingly to themeteorologicalandoceanographicconditions.Asetofthermohalinemeasurementswastaken inafixedpointofthemixingzone,duringtheseasonaltransitionfromtowinterof2012tosummerof2013.Secondarydataasprecipitationandweatherreportswereappliedaswellastidalpredictions.The measurements enabled high-resolution descriptions of the vertical temperature and salinityprofilesusedforproperlymodelcalibrationofviscosityanddiffusivity.Theseasonalvariabilityofthehaloclineinthemainestuaryisasmuchasistheprecipitationregimeforthissubtropicalsystem.Itispoordefinedanddeeperduringthewinterandthroughlongerperiodsofdrought,whencomparedto the summer, the rainy season. In biweekly scale, the semidiurnal tide has somemodulation instratificationatsemidiurnalandfortnightlyscales.Duringthesummer,temperaturerangedbetween22.25and26.55°Candsalinity,between24.20and33.80.Temperatureswerebetween21.25and22.85°Cduringthewinter,whilesalinityrangedbetween30.30and31.25.Thedatasetwasusedtoimplementandcalibrate theDelft3D-FLOWhydrodynamicmodel inorder toevaluate theseasonaltransitionintheestuarinesystem.Sofar,theabnormaldroughtperceivedintheSEBrazilduringthepasttwoyearshasnosignificantinfluenceontheestuarinestratificationregime.

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Urbanwaterreuse,benefitsandlinkageswithenvironmentalservicesLanda-Cansigno,O.1;Campos,L.C.1,Castan-Broto,V2.

1:UniversityCollegeLondon;Civil,EnvironmentalandGeomaticEngineering,London,UK,[email protected];[email protected]: University College London; Bartlett Developing Planning Unit, London, UK.,[email protected]

The large global proportion of people living in urban areas has created the necessity for moreliveable cities,wherewater reuse could provide opportunity to conserve resources and use themmore sustainably. Traditionally, in anurbanwater cycle the treated effluent fromanywastewatertreatmentplant isusuallydischarged intoasurfacewaterbodyor into thesoil,butwithacircularmetabolism, treatedwatercanbeseenasapotential resource.The feasibilityandacceptabilityofusing reclaimed water (treated wastewater) is being evaluated mostly through technical andeconomical assessments,with secondary importancegiven toenvironmental aspectsbecause theyare difficult to measure, especially if they do not possess a market value. The importance ofconsidering environmental benefits in water reuse projects relies on the fact that promoting asecondarysourceofwatercouldleadtoanincreaseintheurbanwaterbudgetandintheresilienceof a particular area. Moreover, the inclusion of environmental benefits in the decision process,clearly communicated to decision makers, stakeholders and politicians, could facilitate theacceptance and understanding of the environmental values. There are still few studies analysingenvironmental benefits, such as fresh water saving, energy savings or CO2 emissions reductionsprovided by water infrastructure. However, the same benefits given by natural ecosystems havebeenmorestudied in theecosystemservices framework.Ecosystemservices refer to theories thatattempt toattachvalue to thedifferent functions thatnatureandenvironmentprovide tohumansocieties. Ifwastewater treatment plants andwater reuse infrastructure apply different ecologicalprocesses to providewellbeing similar to natural ecosystems, then ecosystem services frameworkcouldbeused to analyse thebenefits obtainedby these typeof infrastructure.As there is not anestablishedmethodologytoorganise,classifyandselectthemostimportantenvironmentalbenefitsofwaterreuseprojects,asystematicanalysisisneeded,specifically,inrelationtotheuseoftreatedwastewater for urban purposes. Therefore, this researchwill examine the challenges of using theecosystem framework to represent the benefits of processes and outcomes of water reuseinfrastructure,eveniftheydonothaveaneconomicvalue.

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TheImportanceofImprovedWaterTreatmentTechnologiesAppliedinProducedWater

FláviaLima1,Dr-Ing.AndréLerch2

1:TechnischeUniversitätDresden,FacultyofEnvironmentalSciences,InstitutofUrbanandIndustrialWater Management, Chair of Hydro Process Engineering, Dresden, Germany,[email protected]:TechnischeUniversitätDresden,FacultyofEnvironmentalSciences,InstitutofUrbanandIndustrialWaterManagement,ChairofHydroProcessEngineering,Dresden,Germany.

Brazilistheninthlargestoilproducingcountryintheworldwheremorethan95%ofitsproductionislocatedoffshore. In this industry theproducedwater,orconnatewater, fromoilexploration is infactthehighestvolumeofliquiddischargedfromthisactivity,sothewatertreatmentofthistypeofinfluent must have great attention to environmental concerns. In 2013 the volume of producedwaterdischargedinBrazilwasequalto89%ofvolumeofoilproducedinthatyear.Although there have been scientific studies, there are no final conclusions on the environmentalimpacts generated by heavy metals, oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzene, toluene,ethylbenzene, xylenes and microorganisms present in the discharged water. Worldwide theregulationsrequiretheconcentrationofoil inwaterbeinrangefrom15to40mg/L. AccordingtothemostrecentreportoftheInternationalAssociationofOilandGasProducers,anaverageof14.1mg of oil per liter of produced water was being discharged into oceans around the world. SomerecommendationsfromorganizationssuchasOSPAR(Oslo-Paris,RegionalConventiontoprotecttheNorht-EastAtlantic)haveagoalofdiminishingthehazardouschemicalsdestinedtotheoceansandalsostartedthezerodischargeidea.Theposterwillgiveanoverviewofwatertreatmentchallengeswheretheoffshoreactivity ismorecomplex because of remote operations, more difficultly with logistics, non-stop production, highoperatingcosts,smallfootprintrequired,andthelackoffinalconclusiononenvironmentalimpactsfromthepollutantsdischargedwiththeproducedwater.ThisposterwillalsoshowacasehistoryofoilproductionandpercentageofwaterdischargedrelatedtotheoilproductioninBrazilaswellanoverviewof its characteristics and regulation provided by theBrazilian government in comparisonwithproposedbestrecommendations.

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Phosphorusandfluorineremovalfromanacidiceffluentofminingbychemicalprecipitationusingcalciumsources.

SuzanaPereiraPolak1,DanielaNeuffer2,MônicaBeatrizKolicheski3,UweMenzel2,

1:UniversidadeFederaldoParaná(UFPR),ProgramadePós-GraduaçãoemMeioAmbienteUrbanoeIndustrial,Curitiba(PPGMAUI),Brazil,[email protected]: University of Stuttgart, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid WasteManagement(ISWA),Stuttgart,Germany,[email protected]: Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Department of Chemical Engineering (DEQ), Curitiba,Brazil

Thegenerationofeffluentscontaininginitscompositionhighamountsofphosphorusandfluorideistypicaloftheminingandprocessingofphosphaterock,phosphoricacidproductionandpurificationand fertilizer production, which relates mostly to the composition of the apatite. The fluorinepollutionpotential is associatedwith theoccurrenceof fluorosis in humans and animals, affectingtheteethandbonesoforganismsthatwillconsumewaterwithahighercontentofthiscompound.Anexcessiveamountofphosphorusinnaturalaquaticenvironmentscancauseanimbalanceoftheaquatic ecosystem, with the progressive deterioration of water quality in lentic bodies aphenomenoncalledeutrophication.Themajorityofwastewatertreatmentplantsofthissectoraredesigned to remove only the fluorine. However,with the recognition of eutrophication problems,manycountriesinEurope,suchasGermany,haveadoptedmorestringentenvironmentalpoliciesforphosphorus in wastewater disposal, requiring these stations are adapted also to phosphorusremoval.InBrazil,theeutrophicationprocessisstillanaggravating,sincesanitationandestablishedenvironmental policies are more precarious, and the units are still trying to adapt to the futureimpositionof limits forphosphorus.Thiswork isdesigned tostudyphysicalandchemicalmethodsforremovingphosphorusandfluorineinanindustrialeffluenttreatmentplantofthemineralsectordesignedtofluorideremoval,bychemicalprecipitationofthesecompoundswithcalciumsources,inorder to suit concomitant treatment unit for phosphorus and fluorine. To meet the objectivesproposed in this researchproject the firststepwastocomparethepotentiometric titrationcurvesobtainedfromasampleof typical industrialeffluentandsyntheticsamplescontainingfluorineandphosphorus,obtainingthetypicalbehaviorthatfreefluorineandphosphorouscontaminantspresentwhenneutralized.InasecondstepwasdeterminedphosphorusandfluorineremovalcapacityinpHduetotheprecipitationwithlimemilk,andvariousinputsourcessuchascalcium,showingthatthemostappropriaterangesforfluorideremovaloccursclosetopH4andphosphorusareclosetopH9.The use of limestone in combination with the lime milk has been shown to be more viableeconomicallyachievinggoodefficiencyinremovingcontaminants.Fromtheresultsitwasproposedanearlystageofagglutinationofthecrystals,andthechangeofthefinalpHunitrangeoftheunitto10, with final pH adjustment with sulfuric acid to neutralize this effluent for final disposal. Theapplication of the results obtained in the continuous industrial effluent treatment plant, madepossibletoincreasethephosphateandfluorineremovalefficiencytovaluesthatareconsistentwiththedischargestandardsestablishedininternationallaw,suchastheGermanlegislation.

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ComparingDrinkingWaterReservationSystemsbetweenBrazilandGermanySmidarle,B.C.1;Neuffer,D.2

1:FederalUniversityofParaná(UFPR),PPGMAUI-ProgramadePós-GraduaçãoemMeioAmbienteUrbanoeIndustrial,Curitiba,Brazil,[email protected]: University of Stuttgart, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid WasteManagement(ISWA),Stuttgart,Germany,[email protected]

The growing concern about the water crisis in Brazil, in which the losses in the drinkable watersystem reach 37% [2], has increased studies related to reducing the losses, simplifying themaintenanceandrisingtheeffectivenessrehabilitationofthesupplysystem.Basedontwodrinkablewaterreservoirs,onebuilt inGermanyandtheother inBrazil, itwasmadeacomparisonbetweentheconstructionsmethodologiesusedinbothcountries.ItwasdiscoveredthatinBrazildoesn’texistaspecificstandardtobuildareinforcedconcretetreatedwaterreservoir;usually,afterafewyearsofuse,ontheconcretesurfacecanbeobservedproblemssuchas:smallcracks,carbonationattackanddetachmentofthewaterproofinglayer.InGermany,themainconcerntobuildatreatedwatertank made of reinforced concrete is to follow the recommended of the standard: equivalentwater/cement value (w/c)eq ≤ 0.50; total porosity afterwater storage P28d ≤ 12 vol.% or P90d ≤ 10vol.% and design value for prism tensile strength ßD28d ≥ 45 N/mm2 [3]. As a consequence, thestructureachievesgreaterwatertightnessandhigherdurability,because ithas the lowestporosityandbestfinishsurfaceaspossible.Forthisreasonisnotnecessarytheuseofwaterproofingsystemsonthesurface,onlyiffailedtoattainawaterproofconcrete[4].Sincedifferenttreatmentprocessestoobtainpotablewater isused inthestateofBaden-WüttembergGermany(BW)ozonizationwiththeadditionofresidualchlorineintothepipelinesdistributionintheendandinthestateofParanáBrazil (PR) only chlorination, a comparative analysis between the water stored in each drinkablewaterconcretereservoirwasmade.Someelementsvalueshowedasignificantdifferences,suchas:chloride(BW:7.2mg/LandPR:16.8mg/L),pH(BW:7.96andPR:6.70)andcalciumcarbonate(BW:1.61mmol/LandPR:0.52mmol/L) [1;5]. Itwasconcluded that the treatedwater storage insideaBrazilianismoreaggressivetothestructurethenthestorageinsideaGerman.ThusBrazilhasmoremaintenance and rehabilitations problems linked to the concrete attack compared toGermany. Itwould be interesting to improve the Brazilian standard used for build potable drinking waterreservoirtoavoidstructurepathologiesproblems.WewouldliketoacknowledgethefinancialsupportoftheDAAD.[1]Bodenseewasserversorgung.Trinkwasseranalyse2014-QualitätsdatendesTrinkwassersausdemBodensee-Jahresmittelwerte.LakeConstanceWaterSupplyPubliccorporation,2014.[2] BRASIL. Ministério das Cidades. SNSA. Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento:DiagnósticodosServiçosdeÁguaeEsgotos–2013.Brasília:SNSA/MCIDADES,2014.[3]DVGW-ArbeitsblattW300:Planung,Bau,BetriebundInstandhaltungvonWasserbehälterninderTrinkwasserversorgung.BeuthVerlag,Bonn,2005.[4]Merkl,G.Drinkingwaterreservoirs-withcontrolledpermeabilityformwork(CPF)liners:Analysisofthewatertanksafter15yearsofoperation.Germany,p.1-8,2007.[5]Sanepar.RelatóriodeEnsaios-QualidadedaáguanaETAIguaçu.CompanhiadeSaneamentodoParaná,2014.

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Waterqualityconflicts:ThearidHuascoValley–Chileduringthelast25yearsCarinaZang

HeidelbergCenterfortheEnvironment,Heidelberg,Germany,[email protected]

NorthernChileisfacingoneofthemostseveredroughtsinitshistoryand,atthesametime,arapidchangeinlandusewithincreasingthreatstotheenvironmentandhumanhealth.AlargereasonforthischangeliesinthenationalgovernmentsgoaltomakeChileagloballyimportantfoodexporter,primarilythroughinvestments in irrigationtechniques.Thegrowingglobaldemandforfruithas ledto a vast expansion in agricultural schemes; this trend has led to increasing pressures on limitedwaterresources.Notonlywaterscarcitybutalsowatercontaminationcanhavenegativeeffectsonfarming in northern Chile. This scenario increases the potential for water use conflicts, which isfurthercompoundedbythedemandforpotablewaterprovidedbyriversandgroundwater.Using the case study of the RioHuascowatershed the abovementioned changes in land use andwaterquality areexamined. This regionwas chosenas anexemplary case for thedevelopmentofChilesarid regions: thevalley is locatedat the southernedgeof theAtacamaDesertwherewaterscarcity isamajorproblem.Atpresent thewatershed ispredominantlyused foragriculture.Manysmall farmers still practice strip cultivation but are pressured to shift towards an internationalexport-orientated futurewithmonocultures.Whilst theproblemof scarcewater is complicatedbythe privatization of water rights in Chile. Within the watershed the amount of sold water rightsalreadyexceedstherealwateravailabilitybyfar.The aimof this research is to tracehistorical changes in streamwater quality from the year 1990until today. Thedatausedwasprovidedby thenationalwater authority andwasmeasured threetimesayearat their control stations throughout thecatchmentarea.Additionally, interviewswithexpertsandauthoritiesprovideinsightsinchangesofcroppatternsandfieldsize.

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Session04:Energy,Minerals,Oredeposits,Mining

Convener:Prof.Dr.K.Madruga,Prof.Dr.M.Hiete,Prof.Dr.B.G.Peregovich

1:EnergyEngineering,FederalUniversityofSantaCatarina,Araranguá,Brazil2:CentreforEnvironmentalResearch,UniversityKassel3:UniversidadeFederaldoOestedoPará–UFOPA,IEG,Santarém-PA,Brazil,

EnergyandMineralsareresourcessuppliedbythenaturalenvironmentandareusedintensivelybythe human society. The need for elements and metals and the shortness of some of importantelements(e.g.RareEarthElements)sheda lightofthesustainabledevelopmentofnaturalmineralresources. Inaddition,all societiesprovidefinancialsupport forresearch inthefieldofsustainablegenerationanduseofenergy.ThisresearchisdrivenbythefutureshortnessinOildeposits;theCO2generationbyusing conventionalenergy sources, and the risingawareness in thehumansocietiesthat radioactive decay takes a very long time to produce safe nuclear waste. The talks shoulddescribe these resources, theiruse inhuman societiesandprovide informationon the sustainableuseinthefuture.Ifpossiblealltalksshouldincludeashorthistoricaloverview.

KeynoteLecture:Dr.CarstenTschamber,SolarClusterBaden-Württemberge.V.,Germany

Prof.Dr.K.Madruga,FederalUniversityofSantaCatarina,BrazilProf.Dr.BernhardG.Peregovich,UFOPA–IEG,BrazilProf.Dr.M.Hiete,UniversityKassel,Kassel,Germany

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OralPresentations

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PhotovoltaicsinBrazil-FeasibilityofVerticallyIntegratedModuleProductionCarstenTschamber

SolarClusterBaden-Württemberge.V.,[email protected]

As electricity generation in Brazil is to a large extent based on hydro power, the country is aworldwideleaderinsustainableelectricitygeneration.However,duetothemostseveredroughtinrecenthistory, the levelsof riversandwater reservoirshavebecomeseriously low leading toboththerationingofwateraswellaslocalblackouts.Also,fossilbackuppowerplantsthataremeanttoonly cover thepeak load are running at full capacity, significantly increasing the cost of electricitygeneration. This has already resulted in substantial increases in end-user power prices. InMarch2015,forexample,theaverageelectricitypriceroseby23%.Inordertodiversifythepowersupplyandmeetthegrowingdemand,Brazilhasalreadywithsomesuccess turned towindpowerandcurrentlyhasmore than5gigawattsof installed capacity.Also,duetoitsgeographicallocation,solarenergyisperfectlysuitedtosupplyasignificantportionoftheevergrowingelectricityneeds.Withasolarirradiationsomewherebetween1300and2400kWh/m2peryear,theconditionsintheleastsuitableregionofBrazilexceedthebestsitesinGermany.Whilethemarketforsolarenergyingeneralandphotovoltaics(PV)inparticularisstillsmall,thereisa huge potential in the years to come. As the PV-only auction of 120 MW generation power inPernambucoattheendof2013aswellasaBrazilianfederalA-3auctionforroughly900MWofPVelectricity inOctober2014have shown, local and federal authorities in Brazil arewilling to createsuchamarketforPVsystemsandcomponents.Also,since2012anetmeteringschemeallowssmalland medium PV systems to feed their electricity into the grid. Furthermore, the BrazilianDevelopmentBankBNDESoffersdiscountfinancingofPVsystems,aslongasacertainfractionofthesystemcomes from local suppliers (local content regulation). Thismeasure, combinedwith importrestrictions and consequentlyhigher systempricesmakes local productionofPVmodulesbecomeinteresting. Consequently, in the past year numerous companies have announced their intent toopenPVmodulefactoriesinBrazil.Modulefactoriesalone,however,donotconstituteasignificantportionofthevalueofaPVmodule(10-20%).Theremainingcomponentssuchascellshavetobeprocuredontheinternationalmarket.Andthemoduleitselfpresentsonlyabout40%(dependingonthesize)ofthecostofaPVsystem.Soinordertoincreaselocalvaluecreation,alargerpartofthemodulevaluechainhastobeestablishedinSouthAmerica.This contributionand theunderlying “GreenSilicon” study investigate the technological, economicandsocialfeasibilityofestablishingaSilicon-basedandfullyverticallyintegratedphotovoltaicsvaluechaininSouthernBrazil(Paraná)andParaguay.Itisfocusedontwocoreconcepts:1. Local-to-local: Rely as much as possible on local resources and raw materials (such aselectricity, quartz as basis for silicon solar cells, charcoal formetallurgical siliconproductionetc.).,promote local valueand jobcreationandcovermostly local (Brazil,Paraguay)and regional (SouthAmerica)marketrequirements.2. Green-to-green: Use renewable energies from the ITAIPU hydroelectric plant in order tomanufacturemoduleswhichitselfcontributetoevenmoresustainableenergy.

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IndustrialenergyefficiencymanagementinBrazil:publicpolicies,regulationsstandardsandactors

K.Madruga1,J.Sborz2,E.Orben3

EnergyEngineering,FederalUniversityofSantaCatarina,Araranguá,[email protected]

Industrial energy efficiencymanagement is becoming increasingly significant. Somedrivers includeincreasing energy consumptions and costs, stringent environmental and emission standards andshortage of natural resources. The external environment of firms plays an important role inincreasingenergyefficiency.Inthiscontext,publicpolicies,regulations,standards,regulatorybodiesandagenciesareimportanttopromoteorgivesupporttoindustrialenergyefficiency.Thepurposeof thiswork is toshowanoverviewofpublicpolicies, regulations, standardsandactorswhichcanmotivate industrial energy efficiency improvements inBrazil. Thequalitativedescriptive studywascarriedoutthroughaliteraturereview.Thereviewincludedpublicpolicydocumentsandresearchonthelegalframework,standardsandagenciesorientedtoenergyefficiency.Amongtheresultsitwasobserved that there has been developed policies, regulations and financial incentives to promoteenergy efficiency in recent years. Nevertheless the regulations and financial possibilities are stilllimitedandhavetobeimproved.Thelegalframeworkpresentsgenericguidelines.Thus,thereisnospecific regulations for the different industrial sectors. The study also showed that engineeringprogramsandtechnicalcoursesareincreasinginthecountry.However,thechallengeistomeettheneeds of industry. In other words, to develop programs which consider both technical andmanagerial aspects to improve productivity and efficiency. Standards are related to qualitymanagementandthereisstillroominthenationalindustryforfurtherdevelopment.Currentlythereare ten certified companies by the ISO 50001 – EnergyManagement System. Important agenciesinclude Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency – ANEEL and Brazilian Association of EnergyConservationServiceCompanies–ABESCO:Thereviewwasconductedwithintheframeworkoftheproject “Study of environmental factors influence on strategic industrial energy efficiency inGermanyandtransferabilitypossibilitiestoBrazil”

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SolarenergyforsocialhousingprograminBrazil:advantages,limitationsandchallenges.

PINTO,JulianT.M1;AMARAL,Karen2,JANISSEK,PauloR.3

1: International Material Flow Management, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Birkenfeld,Germany,[email protected]:InstituteforSanitaryEngineering,ISWA,Stuttgart,Germany.3:UniversidadePositivo,GraduatePrograminEnvironmentalManagement,Curitiba,Brazil.

About 70% of the electricity produced in Brazil comes from hydropower. The unfavorable rainfalloccurred in 2014 caused several disorders, including the risk of a collapse in the electric energysupply. In addition to the necessary investments, diversification of the matrix is a demand thatcannotbepostponed.Brazilisalargecountrywithdifferentaverageratesofsolarradiation.Inspiteof most of these rates are significantly favorable for energy production, solar energy sourcerepresents less than 0.5% on the Brazilian energy matrix. This paper discusses the potentialities,limitationsandchallengestomakesolarenergyanimportantalternativeintheBraziliancontext.Thefourmostsignificantsolarradiationaverageswereusedtocalculatehowmanysolarpanelswouldbenecessarytosupplytheenergydemandofsocialhousingprograms(SHP).TheSHPisaprogramsubsidizedwithpublicfundsintendedtoprovidehousingforlow-incomepeople.InBrazil,themostcommon social home unit has 62 m2 of roof surface, costs approximately US$ 19,360.00, and isresponsibleforconsuming,onaverage,150kWhpermonth(COHAB,2015;COPEL,2013).Accordingto data (COHAB, 2015), about 73,000 of this houses are expected to be constructed in 2015. Theresults fromthescenarioapproachused indicatethatsolarenergy isan interestingalternative.Onaverage,six210Wphotovoltaicsolarpanelscouldbedeployed inordertoachieveoptimalresultsthroughoutdifferentsolarradiations(NEOSOLAR,2013;ENERGYTEAMBRASIL,2013).Ifallthecostsforthesolarpanelsprojectwouldbeincludedintheusuallyadoptedhousesfinancingplan,itwould,onaverage,makethemonthlyinstallmentUS$13.29moreexpensive,butwouldenablecheaperorzeroenergybills.For theprogrambe implemented inameaningfulway,some limitationsmustbeovercome.Amongthem,thementalityofthinkingintheshorttermandinatraditionalway,rootedinthepopulation.Additionally, feed-intariffpoliciesarenecessary inordertostimulatetheuseofsolar energy in social housing programs as part of feasible, strategic and environmentally friendpolicies.References:Cohab, 2015. Companhia de Habitação Popular de Curitiba. [Online] http://www.cohabct.com.br(Accessedon:Feb,02th2015).Copel,2013.CompanhiaParanaensedeEnergiaElétrica. [Online]http://www.copel.com (Accessedon:July,13th2014).EnergyTeamBrasil,2013.[Online]http://energyteambrasil.com.br(Accessedon:March,1st2014).Neosolar,2013.[Online]http://www.neosolar.com.br(Accessedon:March,21st2014).

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Thesocialinclusionandaccesstorenewableenergyforlowincomepopulation,throughthereferenceproject“Qualificationofthepopulationtoinstallanduse

thelow-costsolarhotwaterheater”Michaelis,Lutz1;Cherubina,Gustavo;EngineerWoelz,Augustin;Poersch,CarlosIvan;Tarso,Paulo;

Tobias,Ulisses;Santos,Diego;2

1: Technology University of Applied Sciences Stuttgart, Master program Sustainable EnergyCompetence,Germany,[email protected]:AssociationSociedadedoSol–NGO,SãoPaulo,Brazil,[email protected]

Theprototypeofthelowcostsolarhotwaterheater(AquecedorSolardeBaixoCusto–ASBC)waspresentedontheUnitedNationsConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopment(UNCE)1in1992.In2001, the Brazilian NGO Sociedade do Sol2 was founded and aims to provoke a paradigm shift toovercome the idea of renewable energy systems as cost intensive, high-tech technologies andinaccessible. The ASBC is made of PVC plastic, a low cost material that is commonly available inBrazilianhardware storesandknownby thepopulation. The functionality isbasedon thephysicalthermosiphoneffect,e.g.workswithoutelectricity,which integrates itself in thecommonBrazilianresidential electric water heating system and is therefore non-invasive to the electricity grid. TheASBC is introduced to the target population through community meetings, organized by localestablished entities in a determined region through partnerships with companies and the publicsector. Consisting of a theoretical and practical part, the whole community is offered a technicalworkshop of the ASBC and environmental topics, to finally install together ASBC´s in severalhouseholds in a community action “Mutirão Solar”. By transferring the holistic backgroundknowledgeandknow-howdirectly,thisapproachutilizesthealreadywidelyavailableknowledge inelectricity,water supplyandconstructionengineering to train localexperts,whichenable theself-sufficient installation, correct use, maintenance and expansion of the equipment. Besides thepositive,directimpactonthefamiliesthroughthereductionofelectricityandwatercosts,theASBCisofferingopportunitiesforthecreationofsmallbusinessesthroughgroupsofexperiencedworkers.Through the ASBC training sessions, awareness on environmental impacts of energy generation,usageand sustainablepracticesarepromoted in theBrazilian low incomecommunities,whichareincluded as a part of the solution for global challenges like climate change, greenhouse gasemissions,watershortageandtheusageofnaturalresources.Asthefirstlargescaleimplementationproject in the federal state of São Paulo, the communities Tatetos and Santa Cruz in the city SãoBernardo do Campo, are receiving 109 ASBC´s. From the initially delivered 26 Kits, are already 8installedafterthreeweeksbytheresidents.Afterthefirstmonitoredusageinthesummermonthsbetween January and March 2015, the registered average reduction of the monthly energy billagainstthepreviousfivemonthwasofcirca25%.Twoindividuals,whichreceivedtheirASBCthroughthe initial community action, are acting as technical support and promoting the expansion of theremainingsystemsintheneighborhood.Knownfromempiricalvalues,theprospectedsavingsintheforthcomingwinterperiodwillrisetobetween35-50%.Apartfromthesocialandeconomicbenefitsforthecommunity,alarge-scaleinstallationcontributestothe“peak-shaving”inheavy-dutyhoursinthegridbetween17.00and22.00andprevents,0,43tonsofannualCO2-EmissionsperASBC.

1:RioDeclarationonEnvironmentandDevelopment(14.06.1992)Summary.Access:15.04.2015,http://tinyurl.com/27t3kfw2:SociedadedoSol(2015)Website.Access:29.06.2015:http://www.sociedadedosol.org.br

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TheimplementationofrenewableenergiesinBrazilandtheEuropeanUnion:diagnosisandgeneralperspectives-oralpresentation.

PatríciaNunesLimaBianchi

LawforaGreenPlanetInstitute,SãoPaulo,Brazil,SalesianUniversityCenterofSãoPaulo-Lorena,Brazil,[email protected]

The objective is to present a general diagnosis and future perspectives on the implementation ofrenewableenergy inBrazilandtheEuropeanUnion(EU).Renewableenergiesrepresentastrategicresourceandoneofthemainsolutionstothecurrentglobalenergyandecologicalcrisis.TheEUhaspowers and instruments to establish an energy policy aimed at protecting the environment,especially with respect to climate change. Its objectives are: security of energy supply; energyefficiency; thedevelopmentof renewableenergyetc.Member States experience today a complexsituationfacingthechallengeofsecuringaccesstoenergyimportsources;toprovideenergyatthebest possible price; and to preserve the environment, aiming to become a low-carbon society by2050. In Brazil, 41% of energy sources are renewable. About 83% of its electricity comes fromhydroelectricplants.Aprocessofdiversificationanddeploymentofrenewableenergysourcesreflectthe generation of employment and income. Moreover, the current Brazilian model is consideredlimited with respect to isolated and dispersed consumers, especially in the North and Northeast.Resistance in the use of renewable energy, or the underutilization happens due to technical andeconomic uncertainties. However, renewable energies have less economical and political riskcomparedtomanyformsofconventionalsupplies,likeoil,whichcostsarefarlesspredictable.ReferencesHinrichs, Roger A; Kieinbach, Merlin; Reis, Warlike of Linnaeus. Energy and the environment.Translation Linnaeus Warlike dos Reis, Flávio Maron Vichi, Leonardo Freire de Mello. São Paulo:CengageLearning,2010.Peeters,Marjan.GoverningforrenewableenergyintheEU:skills,toolsandprocedures.Availableat<http://www.maastrichtjournal.eu/pdf_file/ITS/MJ_21_01_0039.pdf>AccessonMarch9,2015.EuropeanUnion.UnderstandingthepoliciesoftheEuropeanUnion:sustainable,safeandaffordableforEuropeans.Availablein<file:///C:/Users/Bianca%202/Downloads/NA0614043PTC_00220%(1).pdf>.AccessedonMarch6,2015.EuropeanUnion.TreatyontheFunctioningoftheEuropeanUnion.Consolidatedversion.Availableat: <http://europa.eu/pol/pdf/qc3209190ptc_002.pdf#nameddest=article194>. Accessed on March6,2015.

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Premiumefficiencymotorssustainablycontributetoclimateprotection–NormativeandlegalrequirementsofBrazilandGermanyincomparison.

BjörnHagemann

SEWEurodrive,Germany

Worldwide,greateffortsaremadetolimittheclimatechangethatresultsfromtheextensivegreenhousegasemission.Theuseofregenerativeenergysources isofhighsignificance inthismatter.Asecond,justassignificantaspectistheefficientenergyuse.Morethan60%oftheenergyemployedin the industrial sector is used for motors. Energy efficient drive controllers that utilize powerelectronics, as well as the increased energy efficiency of the motors per se, considerably aid toreducetheenergydemandwithoutreducingperformanceorproductionnumbers.Asnewinvestmentsandoperationareoftenfinancedfromdifferentbudgets,additional incentivesorregulationsarerequiredtosuccessfullyestablishenergyefficientdrivetechnologyinthemarket.Therefore,thevariousnormativeandlegalrequirementsofBrazilandGermanyarebeingcompared.SEW-EURODRIVE produces premium efficiencymotors in both Brazil and Germany. Thosemotorsweredevelopedand industrialized inaclosecooperationof theplants in IndaiatubaandBruchsal.Thetypetestingsshowidenticalresultsforbothlocations.

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TheBrazilianElectricityMarket-Specifics,RisksandChancesDipl.-Ing.DietmarBrakemeier

FichtnerGmbH&Co.KG,Stuttgart,Germany,[email protected]

The basis of Brazilians power generation matrix is called hydrothermal. Thanks to its vast riversystems, Brazil ismaking usemainly of its large hydropower potential, complemented by thermalpower plants driven by fossil fuels and biomass. With the second largest hydropower capacityinstalled worldwide (84 GW) around 65% of Brazil’s power demand is covered by hydro. Theremainder is covered by natural gas (13%), biomass (7.3%), oil products (6.9%) and coal (3.2%)nuclear(2.5%)andwind(2%)1.Brazil’spowersupplyprofileisquiteuniqueintheworldconsideringthesizeofthecountry.Itispredominantlyrenewable(evenimportantenvironmentalissueshavetobeconsideredrelatedtohydropower)and,provideditrainsenough,showslowergenerationcostswhencomparedtocountrieswithhigherfossilfuelshares.Aimingforanefficientandcheappowergenerationalsointhefuture,theBrazilianelectricitysectorhasbeenwidelyprivatizedin2004.LargerprojectsusetobetailoredasPublicPrivatePartnershipsand all others as Independent Power Projects. The introduced reverse auction system to contractnewcapacityisconsideredasuccessfulstrategytomeetthechallengesofincreasingenergydemandand theneed fordiversificationof theenergymix.Amongstothers, about4.5GWofwindenergywere recently incorporated to the power system. Additionally almost 1 GW of solar photovoltaicpowerwascontractedinafirstauctioninOctober2014.Asitisthecaseinmanycountries,alsoinBrazilpoliticsinterfereintheelectricitymarket.Thetariffreduction by provisional measure 579 in 2012 is such an example. Even of a partly liberalizedelectricity market, there is a regulated commercialization environment (ACR) where suchinterferences arepossible. Besides the regulatory risk formarket agents in theBrazilianelectricitymarket,thereisanincreasingriskduetofluctuatinghydroresource(andfutureuncertaintyinlightofclimatechange).Forexampleinthelastthreeyearsthehydropowergenerationdeclinedby12%-points (basis from 2012)2 due to the lack of rainfall, which had to be compensated by runningcomparably expensive thermal power plants (a supply risk mitigation measure adopted by theNationalCouncilforEnergyPoliticsin2013-CNPE).OntheotherhandtheBrazilianelectricitymarketoffersconsiderablechances.Therecentauctionsdedicatedtosolarphotovoltaicandwindpoweroffernewbusinessopportunities, towardsamorediverse and sustainable power supply in Brazil. Such diversity also leads to a potentialcomplementarity between the intermittent sources, solar photovoltaic and wind power, and thecontrollabledispatchofhydropower.Thepresentation intendstomentionthekeyfactsofthepowergenerationmarket inBrazilandtocallattentionto likelychanges in futureenergysupplypolicies towardssolarandwindpower.Theapparent increasinghydrologicalriskwouldn’t justifygoingfurtherwiththetraditionalapproachofexpandingmainlylargehydropowersupply. 1:https://ben.epe.gov.br/downloads/Relatorio_Final_BEN_2015.pdf,baseyear20142:https://ben.epe.gov.br/downloads/Relatorio_Final_BEN_2013.pdf,baseyear2012

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GoldandDiamondMiningintheAmazonRainForest-Ecologic,Economic,SocialandEnvironmentalChallenges

BPPeregovich

Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, IEG, Santarém-PA, Brazil,[email protected]

Mining activities in the Amazon Rain Forest date back to the early 20th century comprisingexploration projects for metallic, non-metallic and energetic recourses, when international andnationalmining companiesbegan toprospect, exploreandexploit inparticularore-bodiesbearingmetals like iron, tin, manganese, copper, nickel, aluminium, and in lesser quantity even uranium,niobium and tantalum. Kaolin predominates amongst non-metallic mineral resources, besidescarbonates,phosphates,sulfatesandhalides,aswellasbuildingmaterials,likegravel,sandandclay.IntheAmazonBasinsignificantamountsofpetrolandgasweredetectedin50th.Mining of surface deposits of gold and diamond began in the Amazon region as early as the 16thcenturyinmoreeasilyaccessiblelocationsclosetothecoastsandmajorrivers.However,difficultiesresultingfromaccess,location,climate,andpoliticalinstabilitykepttheregionfromfullexplorationoftheseresourcesuntilrecently.Gold and diamond extraction takes place mainly in small-scale-mining, carried out by artisanalminers, so-called “garimpeiros”, although recent national and international exploration companiesshowinteresttoexploreintheregioninasystematicmanner.Any kind of mining activities, as there are mineral prospecting, exploration, exploitation andbeneficiationofmineralresources,alwayswillcausesocialandenvironmentalimpacts,astherearebenefitsanddamageinlikemanner.Aside from giving a general introduction to the gold and diamond mining activities and theenvironmentwheretheyoccur, this talkwill focusonpointingoutecological,economic,socialandenvironmentalchallenges,inordertofindsolutionsforawellbalancedandsustainabledevelopmentoffuturegoldanddiamondminingactivitiesintheentireregion.

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Standardsettingformineralrawmaterials–achanceformoresustainabilityinnewlyindustrializedcountries?

MichaelHiete1,RasmusTröster2,

1: Center for Environmental Systems Research, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany, [email protected]:CenterforEnvironmentalSystemsResearch,UniversitätKassel,Kassel,Germany,

Extractionandbeneficiationofmineralrawmaterialsareassociatedwithnumerousenvironmentaland social impacts. Furthermore, an important shareofmines is located indeveloping- andnewlyindustrializedcountries, someof themhavingpoor labor conditionsand in some regions revenuesfrommineralresourcesaredirectlylinkedtothefinancingofarmedconflicts(conflictminerals).Likeother commodities mineral raw materials are traded on the apparent quality of the commodityalone,whichmeansinformationaboutthecircumstancesoftheextractionandbeneficiationarenotaccounted for. Consequently, companies producing with high environmental and social standardswill not be rewarded for their effortswhen selling their products. Also buyers interested inmoreenvironmentally and socially produced raw materials and products lack information and cannotsource the way they would like to. Decommodisation makes (selected) circumstances of theproductionandfurtherprocessingofacommoditytransparent(Pagell&Wu2009)andthuscanhelpovercoming this type of market failure. In fact, decommodisation may provide buyers withinformation they need for making their intended buying decisions and it may help producers forenteringmarkets beingmore sensitive for environmental or social concerns or even to achieve apriceprimecomparedtotheircompetitors,nottomentionafacilitatedfinancingbymoreconsciousinvestors.Whether thementionedadvantages canbe realized inpracticedependson the typeof standards,e.g.whetheritfocusesonperformance,implementedprocessesorcountryoforigin,andthewayitis realized (e.g., Stetter & Zangl 2012). Major positive impacts can only be achieved if therequirementsareneithertooambitiousnortooloosenedasintheformercaseonlyfewcompanieswilljoinandinthelattercasetheremightbenorealimprovementexceptforgreenwashing.Equallyimportant for the overall success are costs and the avoidance of negative side-effects of such asystem,e.g.ifithindersfreetradeorprovokesdisadvantagesforartisanalandsmall-scaleminingormininginwholeregions.Theseaspectsareparticularly importantfornewlyindustrializedcountriesin which traditional and high-technology mining practices coexist and where environmental andsocial laws are often not as strict as in industrialized countries. Accordingly, such a systemmustbalancebetweenthedifferentintereststoachieveawideacceptance.Pagell, M. & Wu, Z. (2009): Building a more complete theory of sustainable supply chainmanagementusingcasestudiesof10exemplars.–JournalofSupplyChainManagement,45:37–56;Tempe.Stetter, A. & Zangl, B. (2012) Certifying Natural Resources – A Comparative Study on GlobalStandards and Certification Schemes for Sustainability. – Deutsche Rohstoffagentur (DERA) in derBundesanstaltfürGeowissenschaftenundRohstoffe(BGR),Hannover.TheNamiRoproject (www.namiro-projekt.org) is fundedbyGermanFederalMinistryof EducationandResearch(BMBF).

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PerspectivesoftheSustainableUseofBiocharfromHydrothermalCarbonizationProcess(HTC)inAgriculture.

Bradl,HB.1,

1: University of Applied Sciences Trier, Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld, Department of EnvironmentalEngineering,D-55761Birkenfeld/Nahe,Germany,[email protected]

Hydrothermalcarbonization (HTC) isachemicalprocesswhichconvertshydrolysablesubstances inanaqueousenvironmentandundermoderatetemperatureandpressureconditionsintobiochar(Huetal.2010).Besidessubstitutingfossilcoalforenergygenerationbyburning,biocharfromHTCcanbeusedboth as fertilizer and as soil amendment. It is very similar to an artificial soil amendmentfromtheAmazonregioninBrazilderivedfromcompost,foodresiduesandfecalmatter.TheIndiansused this “Terra Preta do Índio” type of soil amendment which is characterized by high carboncontentsofupto60%(Lehmannetal.2003).Thehighspecificsurfaceareaofthebiocharpositivelyaffectsimportantsoilparameterssuchaswaterholdingcapacity,cationexchangecapacity,soilpH,soilporosity,totalcarbonandlossofnutrientsbyleaching(Bradl2013). Inrespecttoasustainablematerialflowmanagement,awiderangeofagriculturalwastematerialscanbeusedasrawmaterialoftheHTCprocess.

References:Bradl,H.B.(2013):TheEffectsofBiocharAdditiontoSoils-anOverview.-1.Sino-GermanScientificSymposiumBiocharinAgriculture,14.-19.04.2013,Birkenfeld,Germany.Lehmann,J.,Kern,D.,Glaser,B.,Woods,W.(2003):AmazonianDarkEarths:Origin,Properties,andManagement.-Dordrecht,TheNetherlands,Kluwer.Hu,B.,Wang,K.,Wu,L.,Yu,S.-H.,Antonietti,M.&Titirici,M.M.(2010):Engineeringcarbonmaterialsfromthehydrothermalcarbonizationprocessofbiomass.Adv.Mat.22:813-828.

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Nogoodanswertoawrongquestion:trackingthesourceofHgintheAmazonCarlosJoséSousaPassos1,JeanRemyDavéeGuimarães2,MarcRoulet3†,NicolinaFarella3,Marc

Lucotte3,RobertDavidson4,DonnaMergler5

1FacultyUnBatPlanaltina&CentreforSustainableDevelopment,UniversityofBrasília,Brasília(DF),Brazil,[email protected]

2InstituteofBiophysicsCarlosChagasFilho,FederalUniversityofRiodeJaneiro,Brazil3InstituteofEnvironmentalSciences,UniversityofQuebecatMontreal(UQÀM),Canada4.BiodomeofMontreal,Montreal(Quebec),Canada5.CentreforStudiesonHealth,Biology,SocietyandtheEnvironment,UQÀM,Montreal,Canada

BACKGROUND ANDMETHODS: following the Amazon gold rush in the 1980s, high mercury (Hg)levelswerefoundinfishandhumanhairinriparianregionsandtheirvillagers,andcausallinkswithgold mining activity were suggested but never proved. The CARUSO Project -http://www.unites.uqam.ca/gmf/caruso/caruso.htm - was carried out by a Brazil-Canada team,startingin1994ontheTapajósRiverBasin,andamongotherthingstestedthissupposedcausallink.Hg was measured in different environmental matrices (fish, sediment, soil, water and suspendedparticles,vegetationandlitter)alonga300kmriverstretchdownstreamamaingoldminingarea.Insedimentcores,Fe,Al,ligninbiomarkersandsedimentationratesweremeasured.MAINRESULTS:nogradientswerefoundinHgconcentrationsinriversidesoils,vegetationorlitter.The same goes for dissolved and particulate Hg, that were higher in small non-mined TapajóstributariesandintheAmazonriverthanintheTapajósriver.However,datedsedimentcoresshoweda clear Hg enrichment and increase in sedimentation rates, coinciding with the intensification ofhumancolonization in thewatershedover the1950s, longbefore thegoldmining rush. The samepatternwasfoundforiron,aluminium,andligninbiomarkers,clearlyindicatingthatHgenrichmentwas related to soil erosion following deforestation due to the unsustainable slash and burnagriculture.CONCLUSIONS:thissetofevidenceshasdeepimplicationsforwatershedmanagementandsuggestsavirtuouscircle:lessHginfishrequiresamoresustainableagriculturaldevelopmentmodel.Despiteefforts of the BrazilianGovernment to reduce and control deforestation rates in theAmazon, thecurrent scenario of exploitation of natural resources in this region, particularly driven by theexpansion of large soybean crops, cattle, huge hydroelectric development, and increased humancolonization, will lead to even higher Hg levels in fish, threatening the lifestyle of indigenouscommunitiesandriparianpopulations, inadditionto its impactonfishstocksandsoil fertility.Likegoldmining, logging, ranching,andhydroelectricdevelopment in theAmazongeneratehighshort-termbenefitstoaminority,whilethreateningthesustainableuseoftheregionresourcesbyfuturegenerations.

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MercuryemissionsinartisanalgoldminingintheAmazonasregionandtheproblemofconsideringSocialLifeCycleAssessments

MarioSchmidt

Institute for Industrial Ecology, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany, [email protected]

Artisanalgoldmining,especiallyintherainforestoftheAmazonasregion,hasbeenatargetofpubliccriticism for many years now. Extremely simple, almost medieval extraction technologies lead tomajorenvironmental impact. Protest repeatedly revolves aboveall around theamalgamationwithmercury and resultant mercury contamination of river water. Other aspects criticised includedeforestationanduseconflictsbetweenthegarimpeirosandtheindigenouspopulation.Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) in accordance with the ISO standard 14040 represent a tool forassessing the environmental consequences of extracting primary gold. A comparison betweencommongenericdatasets fromtheLCAandtheemissions inartisanalgoldminingshowsthat themercury emissions are distinctly underestimated. However, there are also technical approachesaiming to reduce the emissions substantially. These include, for instance, retorts or distillationapparatusthatthegoldminerscanuseveryeasilyonsite.However,themarginalsocialframeworksofthegoldminersareoftenneglected.Theminerscomefromtheweakestgroupsinsociety,arefrequentlyilliterateandoftenhavetoconcentrateonsheersurvival.Thepublicimageofgreedyprospectorsorevendesperadosismisguided.Consequentlythissituation calls for a combination of environmental and social LCAs. The latter are currently beingencouraged strongly in international academic circles in order to achieve a holistic assessment ofsustainability.Evenso,theexamplealsoshowsthelimitsofsuchanassessmentapproach.TheenvironmentalLCAconductsaquantitativecomparisonof theproductsandaims toassess theenvironmental impactsalong the complete product life cycle. The consequence would be that a product with a poorenvironmental result would not be bought or produced, thus relieving the burden on theenvironment.InthecaseofasocialLCA,thepoorresultofaproduct(e.g.duetochildlabour,useconflicts,etc.)wouldleadstraighttodisadvantagesforthoseaffected,astheywouldbedeprivedoftheireconomicbase. Accordingly the LCA presupposes a market design and a solution created by supply anddemandthatno longer function in thesocial context.Theanswerherecouldonly lie inacase-by-case consideration and specific proposals for action on site, but not in boycotting the products.Accordingly social LCAs need to be deployed and communicated quite differently fromenvironmentalLCAs.

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GeothermalenergyexplorationusingheliumisotopesinshallowaquifersoftheUpperRhineGraben

FlorianFreundt1*, SamiAlNajem2,WernerAeschbach-Hertig1,Margot Isenbeck-Schröter2,GerhardSchmidt2,MichaelKraml3

1: Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (*corr:[email protected])2:InstituteofEarthSciences,HeidelbergUniversity,69120Heidelberg,Germany3:GeoThermalEngineeringGmbH,76133Karlsruhe,Germany

Large-scale geothermal energy production relies on extensive characterization of the target faultsystems:theirspatialorientationsaswellasthehydraulicpermeability.Currentgeophysicalmethods(e.g.3Dreflectionseismics)offeronlylimitedinformationonhydraulicpermeability.Inanapproachto solve this problem, a noble gas study of shallow groundwater, focusing on 3He/4He ratios,wasexecuted in three areas in the Upper Rhine Graben (Germany), covering both the eastern andwestern main faults of the rift system. While helium isotopes have been applied to search forimprintsofmantle-derivedfluidsinthermalspringwater[1],weinvestigatedthemostlyyoungwaterofmeteoricoriginintheshallowaquifers.Incombinationwithothertracers–hydrogeochemistry,Srand Li isotopes, REEs, 14C, 222Rn, SF6 and 3H – the dataset is used to locate and characterisehydraulically active parts of the fault systemwith the goal to develop a toolset for cost-effectivepreliminaryinvestigationsingeothermalenergyexploration.Samples from a shallow aquifer at Groß-Gerau (western main fault) show an impact of mantle-derivedfluidsrevealedby3He/4Heisotopeanalyses,correlatingwithSrandLiisotopedata[2]andanincrease in salinity. The amount of 3He suggests a mixing fraction of mantle-derived fluids ofapproximately5%withintheaquifer,restrictedtodistinctlocationsalongthefaultline.Incontrast,the investigation of two other sites at Heidelberg and Freiburg, both located close to the easternmain fault, could not identify any influence of mantle-derived fluids in the uppermost aquifers,indicating either awell sealed aquitardor an absenceof hydraulically active sections of the faultswithinthesesamplingareas.Ourdatasupportstheapplicabilityoftheselectedsetoftracersforgeothermalexplorationandfaultcharacterisation, in order to narrow down the size of the field area for the application of furthergeophysicalexplorationmethods.[1]KennedyandvanSoest(2007)Science318,1433-1436[2]Schmidtetal.(2014)SchriftenreihederDeutschenGesellschaftfürGeowissenschaften85,559-560

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PosterPresentations

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EnergyandClimateChanges:TheSocialandEnvironmentalImpactsoftheHydroeletrics.

AYALA,Dr.PatryckdeAraújo1,GONÇALVES,AnaPaulaRengel,SILVEIRA,PaulaGalbiatti3

1: Professor on the Federal University ofMato Grosso (UFMT). Doctor andMaster in Law by theFederal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC). General Attorney of Mato Grosso State. Cuiabá/MT,Brazil,[email protected]: Master student on the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Law Department,Florianópolis/SC,Brazil,[email protected]: Master student on the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Law Department,Florianópolis/SC,Brazil,[email protected].

Theclimatechangesarenowadaysoneofthemostconcerningthemes,whichshowalsotheenergycrisis.TheclimatechangesareacertainrealitybroughtbytheIPCCreports,whichpresentsoptionstomitigation, such as reducing the greenhouse gases –GHG.Brazil is oneof the tenbiggestGHGemitters,whosemaincauseisthedestructionofnaturalvegetation,mainlytheAmazonForest.Thus,compromisesarenecessarytoreducetheemissionsandtopromotethedevelopmentofsustainableenergy and energetic efficiency plans. The production and the consumption of energy play animportantroleontheStatespolitic,whosestrategyincludesthechoiceaboutenergysource.Brazilproduces most of its energy from big hydroelectric, which causes tremendous social andenvironmental impacts, although it is considered a renewable source. There aremany social andenvironmentalimpactsofthehydroelectric,howeverthreecanbeconsideredcrucial.Thefirstoneisthepopulationdisplacementtobuildthefloodedarea,whichchangessignificantlytheirlivesandtheloss of their identities,mostlywhen related to traditional and indigenous communities. The “BeloMonte”hydroelectric,designedtobe the thirdbiggestone in theworld, isagoodexampleof thissocial impact, because of the indigenous aspect, with more than twenty ethnicities living on theXinguRiver,whohavenotparticipatedontheprocess.Thesecondmajorproblemisthelossofwaterquality generated by the artificial lakes, the deforestation, the loss of fauna and flora and erosiveprocess. The Itaipu’s dam – the biggest hydroelectric in Brazil – flooded a conjunct of waterfallsknown as “Sete Quedas”, with incomparable natural beauty. Nevertheless, the most emblematicexample is the “Barra Grande” hydroelectric, which flooded a protected primary forest on theAtlantic Forest. In order to build a hydroelectric, the licensing and the preliminary environmentalimpact study are necessary, according to the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 and the Law ofEnvironmental Politic (Law nº 6.938/1981). Lastly, the third problem is the possibility of thereservoirs also contribute to GHG emissions, due to biomass decomposing. That being said, theenergymustbeconsumedinawisewayandthesearchforrenewablealternativesourcesisaneedinBrazil.EnergysourcesarealsoanimportantsubjectinGermany.AccordingtotheofficialGermanrepresentation in Brazil, about 74%of its energy demand is generated by renewable sources, likewindandsolar.Thecountryalsoexpectstoabandonnuclearenergyuntil2022andpredictthatuntil2050, all Germany energy sources will be renewable.In conclusion, the hydroelectric, althoughconsideredacleansource,causestremendoussocialandenvironmentalimpacts,whichevidencetheimportanceofthedialoguebetweenBrazilandGermany, inordertochange itsenergysourcetoasustainableone.

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UseofSeaweedandMacroalgaebymeansofHydrothermalCarbonization(HTC)inRespecttotheirEnergeticandAdsorptivePotentials

Bradl,HB.1andVerstegen,J.1


Seaweed and algae populations are increasingly growing worldwide due to global warming andclimatechange.HydrothermalCarbonization(HTC)utilizeswetbiomass,producesbiocharandoffersasustainablepossibilityofintegratingwetbiomassintodifferentmaterialflows(Huetal.2010).Ourresearchfocusedonestimatingtheenergeticandadsorptivepotentials.Byevaluatingthedesignofexperimentasignificantincreaseincalorificvaluecouldbeachieved.Seaweedandmacroalgaehavebeencarbonizedandthebiocharproducedhasbeenaddedtogardensoil.Planttestswithdifferentbiochar-soil mixtures showed that the optimum value for biochar addition to increase biomassproduction is around 5%. Analyses of nitrate concentrations showed that biochar addition to soildecreasednitrateleachingofsoil.AdsorptivepotentialestimationwasdonebyLangmiurisothermsandsurfacecharacterizationbyREM.HTCbiocharfromseaweedshowedawateradsorptioncapacitysimilartoconventionalactivatedcharcoal.ReferenceList:Hu,B.,Wang,K.,Wu,L.,Yu,S.-H.,Antonietti,M.&Titirici,M.M.(2010):Engineeringcarbonmaterialsfromthehydrothermalcarbonizationprocessofbiomass.Adv.Mat.22:813-828

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HydrothermalSynthesisandCharacterisationofCrystallineLayeredLithiumManganeseOxidefromMnoresasNaturalSource.

EduardoLimaCosta1,AlexandreSiqueiradaSilva1,RhuamDhiangeloDiasBarbosa1,BrunoApoloMirandaFigueira1,MarcondesLimadaCosta2,HerbertPoellmann3

1: Institute of Geoscience and Engineering, Program in Science and Technology, Santarém, Brazil,[email protected]:InstituteofGeoscience,PrograminGeologyandGeoscience,Belém,Brazil3:InstituteofGeoscienceandGeography,Halle,Germany

ThisworkpresentsexperimentalresultsdealingwiththepossibilityofconvertingMnoresfromAzulmine(CarajásMineralProvince,NothernBrazil) intocrystalline layeredlithiummanganeseoxidebyhydrothermal synthesis. The synthetic route has been evaluated at different conditions oftemperatureandreactiontimeinordertooptimizethesynthesis.ProductshavebeenidentifiedbyX-ray diffraction, Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA), Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy.The results have shown thatMnoresweremainly composed of amorphous phase and crystallinephases as such pyrolusite, birnessite, lithiophorite, todorokite and cryptomelane. The Mn oxideswereconvertedintoasinglephasebythermaltreatment,andcouldbetransformedintocrystallineLiMnO2 material having ortorrombic system and thermal stability of crystals up to 420 ºC. FTIRspectraofthelamellarphaseexhibitedtwodistinctbandsat673and425cm-1correspondingtoMn-Olatticevibrations,aswellasRamansprectroscopybandsat210,413,506,613and654cm-1.

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StudyofBrazilianEnvironmentalLawRegulatingCoalMiningIndustryinSantaCatarinaState

R.Geremias1,N.Ledra1,F.Henrique1,K.Madruga1

1:EnergyEngineering,FederalUniversityofSantaCatarina,Araranguá,[email protected]

Brazil has a significant environmental legal framework that regulates the potentially pollutingeconomicactivitiesandamongthemisthecoalsector.Nevertheless,despiteofthislegalframework,severalstudiespointedoutthesignificantnegativeenvironmentalimpactscausedbycoalminingandprocessing.TheSouthern stateof SantaCatarina inBrazil isoneof themainaffected regions.Theregionisconsideredasoneofthe14“CriticalNationalAreasforPollutionControlandEnvironmentalConservation“accordingtoDecreeNo.85206ofSeptember25,1980.Thus,thisinvestigationaimedatstudyingtheBrazilian legal frameworkrelatedtothecoalmining industryand itsenvironmentalimpacts with focus on the Santa Catarina State. The investigation seeked to assess the possibleregulatory omissions referring to environmental protection and recovery of areas where thiseconomicactivityisdeveloped.Thesystematicreviewmethodologyincludedthestudyoflawsthatregulatethecoalactivityatthefederal,stateandmunicipallevel.Itwasalsocarriedoutaliteraturereview on the negative environmental impacts of coalmining activities in this region. Among theobserved results, we found that there is a general environmental protection legislation for theminingsector,buttherearenospecificguidelinesforextraction,processing,transportationanduseofcoal.ItshouldbealsonotedthatmorethanfiftypercentofthecitiesthatmakeupthecoalregionofSouthernSantaCatarinadonotshowenvironmentalregulationforthecoalindustry.Thestudiesonenvironmentalimpactsfromcoalindustrypointedoutwater,soilandaircontaminationaswellasimpacts on flora and fauna. These impacts could be associated to the environmental legislationomissionsoftheminingsector.Basedonobtainedresults,itcanbeconcludedthattheomissionsinthe regulation of the coal sector can create difficulties in law enforcement and monitoring byenvironmentalagencieswithconsequentenvironmentalimpairmentofthisregion.Thus,thereistheneedtoimprovetheBrazilianenvironmentallegislationtoregulatethecoalindustry.

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AbriefstudyonthelegalsystemhistoryoftheBrazilianenergysectorR.Geremias1,N.Ledra1,F.Henrique1,K.Madruga1

1: Energy Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá,[email protected]

Brazilstandsoutforenergyproductionsinceitscolonialtimesduetoitswideavailabilityofenergyresources.Inordertoregulatethewaytoadequatelyexploretheseresources,ithasbeencreatedalegalframeworkfortheregulationoftheenergysectorinthecountry.Thisstudyaimedatcarryingoutaresearchonhistoryofenergyregulationand legislation inBrazil.Thus, itwasresearchedtheadvancementofthelegalsystemandthecontributionofeachgovernment.Itwasalsoinvestigatedthe regulation and control of the conflict between economic development and environmentalprotectionand its impactonenergyproductionprocesses.Studies indicate thatenergyproductionwhile protecting natural resources are relevant issues in Brazilian constitutions. This happensbecause energy sector is one of the drivers of economic growth.With the passage of time, newbodieswerecreatedtostimulatetheenergyresearchandproductionfromdifferentsourcesaswellastooverseethiseconomicsegment.Itwasalsoobservedthat,currently,thereisagreaterconcernabout the environmental damage caused by this economic activity. This results from inadequateexploitation of natural resources for power generation. Therefore, it has increased the amount ofenvironmentalprotection lawsrelatedtothesector.Finally, itwasfoundthatthecurrentBrazilianConstitution does not regulate all energy sectors like, for example, the renewable energy sector.Brazil has a matrix of power generation that is predominantly based on renewable energy. Theelectricitygenerationcomesmainlyfromhydropower.Atsametimetheinvestmentsandinterestinrenewable sources (wind, biomass, solar) has been increasing. Therefore, it is necessary a properregulation for this sector tominimizeenvironmental impacts. Thiswill allow the country to createconditionsforsustainablegrowth.

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Usingofthesesamebiomass(Sesamumindicum)asrawmaterialfortheproductionofbiolubricants.

TathileneB.M.GomesArruda1,FranciscoE.A.Rodrigues2,ManoelB.Dantas3,DavidT.D.Arruda1,SolangeA.Quintella1,NágilaM.P.S.Ricardo1,MariaTelmaG.F.Schanz4

1: Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Fortaleza-CE,Brasil,[email protected]:InstitutoFederaldoCeará,CampusCaucaia,Caucaia-CE,Brasil3:InstitutoFederaldaParaíba,CampusSousa,Sousa-PB,Brasil4: University of Tübingen, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Tübingen, Germany, [email protected]

Thisaimoftheworkistoobtainpolyestersbiolubricantsbytheuseofsesamebiomass,throughthehomogeneousbasiccatalysis.TheseedsusedinthisworkweregrownintheirrigatedperimeterofSãoGonçalo, located in theNortheastofBrazil.Despite the regionnotbe thenative regionof thebotanical specie, the place was propitious for the culture. The polyalcohol selected was thetrimethylolpropane (TMP)which have characteristics as amoderatemarket price and lowmeltingpointincomparisonwithotherspolyalcohols.Thesesameoilwasobtainedbymechanicalextractioninpressfilteroftherawseeds.Themethylandethylsesamebiodieselweretransesterifiedunderthereaction conditions: 2wt%of sodiummethoxide as catalyst and1:3molar ratio betweenbiodieselandalcohol. The systemwaskeptunder stirring, temperatureof110°Candconstantpressureof -1mmbar for6h.Thebioproductswerecharacterizedby infraredand1Hand 13CNMRanalysisandphysic-chemical properties like iodine and acid value, viscosity at 40°C and density at 20°C weredetermined. The TG analysis was performed and the bioproduct obtained from ethyl biodieselshowedaslightlybetterstabilitythanthebioproductobtainedfrommethylbiodiesel.Theobtainedresults showed that the long chain ester obtained from sesame brute oil can be exploited forlubricantsformulationsonseveralareas.

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ClimateChangeandRenewableEnergies:

ALegalApproachoftheCaseofBiofuelsProductionanduseinBrazilGONÇALVES,AnaPaulaRengel,SILVEIRA,PaulaGalbiatti;VENÂNCIO,MarinaDemaria

1: Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Law Department, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil,[email protected]: Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Law Department, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil,[email protected]:NationalCounselofTechnologicalandScientificDevelopment,FederalUniversityofSantaCatarina(UFSC),LawDepartment,Florianópolis/SC,Brazil,[email protected]

This research seeks to analyse the legal and environmental aspects related to biofuels productionanduseinBrazil,focusingonbiodieselandethanolproducedfromsugarcane.Theresearchhasasbackground the anthropogenic-driven climate change, which demands a constant search for newenergysourcesandmodelstoreplacethelargelyusednon-renewablesources,whichcontributetotheincreaseintheemissionsofgreenhousegassestotheatmosphere.Therefore,theposterfirstlylooksdeepintotheenvironmentalrisksrelatedtotheproductionanduseofbiofuels,energysourcesthatareencouragedbyBrazil’sGovernmentasanalternativetotheutilizationofpetrol.Thus, it isimportant to keep in mind that although biofuels might represent an important tool in the fightagainstthe21stCentury’senvironmentalcrisis,theirproductionandusedemandtherealizationofafulleconomicandpoliticalanalysisthatcomprehendsnotonly its immediatefinancialbenefits,butalsotherisksthatarisefromthem.Theserisksincludetheimplementationofmonocultures,whichthreatensthebiologicaldiversityofspecies,andthesugarcanefieldburning,whichtakesplacebythesugarandalcohol industrytoreducetheharvestcostsofthisgood.Besides,theposterfurtheranalysestheeconomic,socialandenvironmentalimpactscausedbytheproductionofbiodieselandethanol,suchasthecompetitionforfarmingland,betweenthosefarmerswhoproducesugar-caneforbiodieselproductionandthosewhoproducefoodfordirectconsumption,causingraisingprices;and the poor work conditions of sugarcane cutters, who often do not have access to safetyequipment and are submitted to conditions analogous to slavery. Amongst the environmentalimpacts,watercontamination,deforestation,thelargeutilizationofpesticides,airpollutionandsoilimpoverishment caused by the cane field burning are also highlighted. Moreover, the researchinvestigates theBrazilianpublicpolicies that incentivebiofuels, havingas referenceenvironmentaljustice and environmental law rules and principles, reaching the conclusion that theirimplementationmustbedonewithcaution.Thisapproachisusedoncethatthepoliticaldiscourse,inordertodemonstratethebenefitsoftheutilizationofbiofuels,oftenusesonlytheargumentoftheirgreateconomicprofitably,omittingthealreadymentionedsocialandenvironmental impacts.Atlast,theposterhighlightsdecisionsoftheBrazil’sSuperiorCourtofJusticeaboutthismatter,suchas the decision of the Special Appeal No 200702548118 in 2009, in which the Judge HermanBenjaminstated that“[…]specially in timesof climatechange,anyactivity thatmightbepollutingmustbe interpreted restrictivelyby thedecisionmakingagent”. In this case, theCourtunderstoodthatfiresoccasionedbytheagroindustry,suchasthesugarcanefieldburning,areincompatiblewiththe objectives of environmental protection stablished by Brazil’s Federal Constitution andenvironmentallegislation.

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Energyefficiencyandmanagement:someexamplesofGermanorganizationsK.Madruga1,J.Sborz2,E.Orben3

EnergyEngineering,FederalUniversityofSantaCatarina,Araranguá,[email protected]

Theresourcesshortage,globalwarmingandenergyraisingcostsaswellasabiggerenvironmentalawarenessof thecitizenshavepushedenergyefficiency to thetopofagendaoforganizationsandcountries. The International Energy Efficiency Scorecard published by the American Council for anEnergyEfficientEconomyinJuly2014pointedoutthatacountrythatuseslessenergytoachievethesame or better results reduces its cost and pollution, creating a stronger, more competitiveeconomy.Thescorecardhasanalyzedtheworld’s16largesteconomiescoveringmorethan81%ofglobal grossdomesticproduct andabout71%of global electricity consumption. The studymetricshave been distributed across the three primary sectors responsible for energy consumption in aneconomically developed country: buildings, industry and transportation. Germany has the highestoverall scorewith 65 out of 100 possible points. The country has shown a strong commitment toenergy efficiency in the industrial sector. Nevertheless, Brazil scored the lowest of any countryanalyzed in the industrial sector which is its largest energy consumer. Within this context, thisqualitativestudyaimsatidentifyingthemainpolitical,normativeandmanagerialaspectsrelatedtoenergyefficiencyinGermanyandhowtheseareintegratedtothestrategyofGermanmanufacturingcompanies. In addition, the study aims at verifying if and how these aspects could be applied inBrazil.Thisworkpresentsthefirstresultsofthisproject.Datacamefromsixnon-directiveinterviewswithasampleofGermanorganizations.Theseincludedfourmanufacturingcompanies,acompanyoftheenergysectorandalaboratoryforenergyefficiencyinauniversity.Organizationswerevisitedintwophases,May2013andMarch2014.Themanufacturingcompaniesofferproductsandservicestothe globalmarket. Among the results itwas observed that all organizations aremotivated by theEuropean Union and German policy which establish that greenhouse gas emissions have to bereducedby20%until 2020. This drives to investments in energyefficiency and renewableenergy.Moreover, manufacturing firms pointed out the importance of management systems based onstandards like ISO14000 for environmental quality and ISO50001 for energymanagement. Thesefirmsareencouragedtoinvestinmanagementsystemsduetothegovernmentalincentivesandcostreductions of the production. It was also verified in these organizations that energy efficiency isrelated to innovation opportunity. In other words, the possibility of developing energy savingtechnologies,productsandservices.Anotherinterestingaspectobservedisthatinnovationinmanycases results from collaborative joint projects which are developed by firms, research institutes,universitiesandsectorialassociations.

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PerformanceevaluationofanLEDreflectorsolar-poweredinBelém,ParáRosa,L.L.O.1,Torres,P.F.2

1:InstituteforHigherStudiesoftheAmazon,Belém,Pará,[email protected]:FederalUniversityofPará,groupstudiesanddevelopmentofenergyalternatives,Belém,Pará

Thecurrentenergymodelcertaintimesshownlaggedtheincreaseinthepowerconsumption.Inthefaceofgrowingdemand,theuseofsolarresourceisinsertedasaviablealternativeandcouldbeoneof thediversificationoptionsofourenergymix.Thepresentpaperananalysisof the technologieswith LED (LED) and photovoltaic conversion of solar energy by means of a prototype applied tolighting. The work seeks to compare the current street lighting scenario with the proposedalternative system and by the obtained data are presented comparative results as: energyconditions, bright patterns, costs and environmental context. The comparison made to costsindicates a certain equivalence for systems, but it is considered that the current technology hasadvantages in investment, considered temporary because of the advance and investment in LEDtechnology;Theenvironmental context stressedvariablesnot consideredbefore laying the systemproposedaheadofcurrent, thesevariablesdirectly influencetheprocessqualityand indirectly thecosts involved. Another rationale of this article is that the suggested system can replace the lightpatternfound,itfitsthelegalrequirementsandhasalowerconsumptionofconventionalvalues,afact that still influences the cost and energy potential; This latter is analyzed by using a microcontrollersmonitoringsystemdevelopedspecificallyforthisprototype,capableofobtainingcurrentandvoltagedatashowingthattheproposedsystemistheoppositeofconventionalstreet lamps,areductionof224,4kWhattheendofayearforasinglesystem.. ABNT.NBR5101–Iluminaçãopública.2012Eletrobrás–Programa Nacional de Conservação de Energia Elétrica, “Iluminação Pública no Brasil”.Disponível em <http://www.eletrobras.com/elb/procel/main.asp?TeamID={E4B36D24-00F0-4534-8F61-06F1051363F3}>Datadoacesso04/08/2013.GianelliBF;etal.OEmpregodeTecnologiaLEDnaIluminaçãoPública–SeusImpactosnaQualidadedeEnergiaenoMeioAmbiente.J. BERNARDES “Controle de iluminação reduz contato com insetos transmissores de doenças”.Disponívelem<http://www4.usp.br/index.php/meio-ambiente/16506-controle-de-iluminacaoreduz-contato-com-insetos-transmissores-de-doencas>Datadeacesso31/01/2013.K.Orth,"CitiesrealizetheadvantagesofLEDs”,LEDsMagazineTechnologyandapplicationsoflightemittingdiodes,issue21,pp.46-48,Jun.2008.L.L.F.daSilva,"IluminaçãoPúblicanoBrasil:AspectosEnergéticose Institucionais"dissertaçãodemestrado, Programa de Pós-Graduação de Engenharia Elétrica da Universidade Federal do Rio deJaneiro,2006.L. Maghe, "Practical experience using LED for lighting and signage products apresentado noLED4EuropeEvent2007,Brussels,Belgium,2007.T.Whitaker,"Ontheverge:LEDsarereadytochallengeincumbentlightsourcesinthestreetlightingmarket,"LEDsMagazineReview,issue9,pp.11-13,Out.2006.Tiba,C.etal.AtlassolarimétricodoBrasil:bancodedadosterrestres.Recife:EditoraUniversitáriadaUFPE,2000.W.Braber,"LEDworkingprinciples,electric,thermalandopticalcharacteristics",Brussels,Belgium,2007.

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SizingandInstallationofMicroPhotovoltaicSystemisolatedforsustainabledevelopmentinSãoCíriacodoUrucuritubacommunitythecityofSantarém-

ParáAlexandreSiqueiradaSilva1,EduardoLimaCosta2,ManoelRobervalPimentelSantos3

1: Institute of Engineering and Geosciences, Science and Technology Program,, Santarém, Brasil,[email protected]: Institute of Engineering and Geosciences, Science and Technology Program,, Santarém, Brasil,[email protected]: Institute of Engineering and Geosciences, Science and Technology Program,, Santarém, Brasil,[email protected]

TheAmazonregion,inparticularthecityofSantarém,hasalotofsmall,mediumandlargeislandsorcommunities along the Amazon River, which are not connected to the conventional power grid,without assistance of development policies and access to sanitation environmental, promoting anarchaic family farming, devoid of the use of production technologies and requires an unhealthyphysical effort that makes the life prospects decrease and stimulate the rural exodus. In studiesconductedinSãoCíriacodoUrucuritubathecommunity,atypicalcommunityofSantarémlowlandregion,itwasfoundthatthebasicsanitationinfrastructureinthecommunityislacking.Healthriskshavebeenidentifiedthatundergochangeaccordingtoseasonalfloodsanddrought,andinthefullperiod the sanitation situation getsmore precarious due to themixing of thewaters of the river,which isthesourceofconsumption,wastegeneratedbyowncommunity.Thecommunityalsohaspotential for the implementationofamicrophotovoltaic systemof sufficientpowergeneration topromote local development through the implementation of collection and treatment of watersystems,irrigationsystemsforfamilyfarms,inadditiontoimprovingprocessesproductionlocationsinordertopromotesustainableeconomicandcommunitydevelopment.Thus,thisworkshowstheresulting fromauniversity researchproject in order to provide a synergybetween traditional andscientificknowledgeseeking,simultaneously:thecommunitysocio-economicdevelopmentinordertoensurethefulfillmentoftheircurrentandfutureneeds inpowergenerationthroughthedesignandimplementationofamicrophotovoltaicsystem.

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IsolatedScalingPhotovoltaicSystemsintheAmazonAlexandreSiqueiradaSilva¹,EduardoLimaCosta²,ManoelRobervalPimentelSantos³

1: Institute of Engineering and Geosciences, Science and Technology Program,, Santarém, Brasil,[email protected]: Institute of Engineering and Geosciences, Science and Technology Program,, Santarém, Brasil,[email protected]: Institute of Engineering and Geosciences, Science and Technology Program,, Santarém, Brasil,[email protected]

This essay presents a project of photovoltaic power generation in isolated communities in theAmazon Region, using the study based on a home deprived of electric supply emanated by theconcessionaireoftheregion,inItacuminycommunityonthebanksoftheAmazonRiver,far6hoursfromSantarémbyboatintheStateofPará.Studiesweredevelopedonthecurrentsituationandthechallenges to generate electricity in the region, as well as the classification and history ofphotovoltaicautonomoussystems,powerrequiredstudies,technicalaspectsrelatedtothesystem,scalingofequipmentandcommentsabouttheeconomicviabilityoftheproject.

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TransesterificationofoleicacidusingmethanolandmesoporoussilicacatalystFláviaJ.Uchoa1,NágilaM.P.S.Ricardo1,MariaT.G.F.Schanz2

1:FederalUniversityofCeará,DepartmentofOrganicandInorganicChemistry,Fortaleza-CE,Brazil,[email protected]: University of Tübingen, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Tübingen, Germany, [email protected]

Global warming, high-energy demand and availability of new technologies are among the factorscatalyzing the search for alternative sources of energy. Biodiesel has emerged as one of the bestpotential renewableenergy sources to replacecurrentpetroleum-baseddiesel. Themost commonprocess for biodiesel production consists in a transesterification reaction in which a triglyceridessourcereactstoashortchainalcohol.However,productioncostsarestillratherhigh,comparedtopetroleum-based diesel fuel. The introduction of a solid heterogeneous catalyst in biodieselproduction could reduce its price, becoming competitive with diesel also from a financialpoint ofview.Asílicamolecularsievecontainingzirconiumandsulfonicacidfunctionalizedcatalystshasbeenreported to display an excellent catalytic activity in acid-driven reactions, good stability and easyregeneration throughcalcination.The reactionwasperformedusing themolar ratiometanol:oilof20:1atinertatmosphere(N2)at339Kwith5%ofcatalystmassrelativetototaloilmassaddedtothereactionmixture.Thereactionwasevaluatedforethylesterconversionafter8h.Themethylesterscontent wasmeasured using 1H próton NMR spectroscopy. Themesoporous sílica heterogeneouscatalysts presented approximately 56% conversion after the reaction time. The activities of thecatalystswererelatedtotheiracidicstrength.

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SyntheticesterswithlubricatingpropertiesfrommodifiedCastorOil-CamilaP.doValle1,NágilaM.P.S.Ricardo1,JailsonSilvaRodrigues1

MariaT.G.F.Schanz2,JacksonQueirozMalveira3

1:FederalUniversityofCeará,DepartmentofOrganicandInorganicChemistry,Fortaleza-CE,Brazil,[email protected]:UniversityofTübingen,InstituteofOrganicChemistry,Tübingen,Germany,[email protected]:FoundationCenterforIndustrialTechnology,LaboratoryofBiofuel,Fortaleza-CE,Brazil

Duetoincreasingscarcityofoilandenvironmentalproblems,theuseofrenewablerawmaterialsisthebasisofamarket in rapidworldwide rise.Modifiedvegetableoils areexcellent substitutes formineral lubricatingoilsbecausetheyareenvironmentally friendlybasestocksandshowpropertiessuch as excellent lubricity and biodegradability. From this perspective the present study aimed tosynthesize and characterize ester derivatives of castor oil change (Rininus comunis). The synthesiswas performed in three consecutive steps: transesterification of vegetable oil to methyl esters,epoxidationoftheunsaturatedandring-openingreactionwith isoamylalcoholand2-ethylhexanol.The products were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, TGA and physico-chemical tests. The resultsshowedexcellentcoldflowvalues-44ºCand-48ºC,minimumthermalstabilityof230°Candviscosityindexgreater than100. The lubricatingestersderived fromcastoroil showeddifferentdegreesofviscosityandpotentialapplicabilityasabaseoilformulationsindustrialandfueladditives.

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Session05:Biodiversity

Convener:Prof.Dr.V.L.I.Fonseca1,Prof.Dr.M.Koch2,Prof.Dr.W.Vale3,

1:USP,SaoPaulo,Brazil2:CentreforOrganismalStudiesHeidelberg,HeidelbergUniversity,Germany

3:UniversidadeFederaldoOestedoPará,UFOPA,Santarem,Brazil

ThechangeinbiodiversityisanevolutionaryprocessoflifeonplanetEarth.Keyexamplesfromthepasttothepresentwillbeshown.Itisalsoexpectedthatthecausesforchangeswillbeprovided.

KeynoteLecture:Prof.Dr.VeraLúciaImperatrizFonseca,USP,BrazilProf.Dr.J.F.RegoMatos,UFOPA,Santarem,BrazilProf.Dr.WilliamVale,UFOPA,Santarem,Brazil

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OralPresentations

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WhatisnextforsustainableuseandconservationofecosystemservicesinBrazil?

VeraLuciaImperatrizFonseca

Asamegadiversecountry,Brazilstillhavemanynaturalenvironmentswhereecosystemservicesaremaintained.Nevertheless,manydriversofchangearedetectedinthecountry,mainlyglobalchangeandhabitat destruction.Using thedata from IPCCwe verified that effects of the global change inlargepartofourcountrysurpassthesafelimitof2degreesCelsius,manytimeswithprojectionsof4degrees in next 50 years. We will analyze this scenario considering bees and their services asexamples,andtheAmazoncaseofhabitatdestructionfordevelopment.AnstudycaseofmininginParaStatewillbediscussed,asuccessfulenterpriseforforestandecosystemservicesconservationbetweenaprivatecompanyandtheGovernment.

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TheBrazilianLawofUseandBiodiversityAccessandAssociatedTraditionalKnowledgeanditsincompatibilitywiththeTreatiesAboutthetheme.

Moreira,ElianeCristinaPinto

FederalUniversityofPará,Florianópolis,Brazil,[email protected].

Law13.123/2015establishedtherulesforaccess,useandsharingofbenefitsarisingfromgeneticresourcesofbiodiversityandassociatedtraditionalknowledge.The Act establishes as one of the conditions for carrying out research activities and economicexploitationtoobtainthepriorinformedconsentofindigenouspeoples,traditionalcommunitiesandfamily farmers in the event of activities involving traditional knowledge, differentiating thetraditionalknowledgeassociatedsourceidentifiable;traditionalknowledgeassociatedunidentifiable(consentwaiver);andtraditionalknowledgetoagriculturalactivitieswhenreferringtothetraditionallocal variety or Creole or locally adapted or Creole race (consent waiver). Attempting to relieveagriculturalactivitiesfacedwiththedictatesoftheTreatyonPlantGeneticResourcesforFoodandAgricultureFAOandILOConvention169whichestablishtherighttopriorconsultationwheneveranyactivityaffectspeopleandtraditionalcommunities,inadditiontoConventiononBiologicalDiversityrequires theparticipation in theeventsof access,which iswhy such forecast is incompatiblewithinternational agreements in force on the subject. It should be noted that the legislation does notmake clear who is responsible for obtaining prior consent, although the Inter-American Court ofHuman Rights has already stated that the obligation to carry out prior consultation and obtainconsentisState(CaseKichwaIndigenousPeopleSarayakuvs.Ecuador).Thelawconsidersasameansofproofforpriorinformedconsent,amongothersanopinionofthecompetent official body adopting a practice of protecting nature by removing the right to self-determinationofpeoplesandtraditionalcommunitiesandonceagainclasheswiththeConvention169ILO.The benefit sharing is established quite narrowly and only take place in the event of commercialexploitationwhichgoesagainsttheprovisionsoftheCBD,theFAOAgreementandtheConvention169oftheILO.The lawestablishesanexemption from theobligationofbenefit sharing for thebenefitofmicro ,smallcompanies,individualmicro-entrepreneurs;andtraditionalfarmersandtheircooperatives,afactwhichalsocontrastswiththecurrentinternationalscenario.

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AHeritageofBiodiversityinHeidelbergBotanicGarden:WernerRauh’sCollectionsfromBrazil.

Schröder,C.N.1;Koch,M.A.1

1: Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg (COS Heidelberg), Department of Biodiversity andPlantSystematics,Heidelberg,Germany,[email protected]

HeidelbergBotanicGardenbuiltup important livingcollectionswithmorethan10,000taxaduringthe short time period between the 1950s and the 1990s. These living collections are focused onorchids and bromeliads as well as xerophytes fromMadagascar, but also numerous other plantspeciesprimarilyfromAfricaandSouthandCentralAmericaarecultivated,withBrazilbeingoneofthe “hot spots” of biodiversity. At Heidelberg Botanic Garden this is perceptible from the largenumberofaccessionsoriginatingfromBrazil:Therearenearly700accessionscultivatedinthelivingcollectionsandthousandsof specimens intheHerbariumHEID.Theherbariumcollectionheldsbyitsownmorethan70HolotypesfromBrazil,eitherasdriedplantsorplantsfixed inalcoholwhichweretakenfordescribinganewspeciesfortheveryfirsttime.ThisismostlydowntothetirelesseffortsofProfessorDr.WernerRauh,whowasthedirectorofthegarden from1960 to1982. Rauhcollectedapproximately43,000 livinganddeadplants,especiallyBromeliaceae (~7,000), Orchidaceae (~1,600), Cactaceae (~1,500), Euphorbiaceae (~1,100) andsucculentplants fromMadagascar (~1.500).Withintheyears1938to1994Rauhundertookmorethan60 expeditions in at least 44 countries. He travelled to Brazil five times and brought nearly2,000 plants from there to Heidelberg. The collection resources comprise not only plants andspecimens,butalotofnote-bookswithabout18,000handwrittenpages.Since 2009 this material has gradually been made accessible within the “Werner Rauh HeritageProject”, funded by the Klaus Tschira Foundation, available free for everyone and linked tointernational taxonomic databases (Koch et al. 2013). At the momentmorethan33,000datasetswithoriginalRauhnumbersarestoredinthedatabase,andanadditional27,000accessionsbroughtorsenttotheBotanicGardenHeidelbergbyothers.Currently more than 3,000 accessions nowadays found in other Botanical Gardens (e.g.Berlin,Torino, Utrecht, Zurich) are stored in the database, and recently the project focuses on Rauh’sherbarium collections housed around the world, a lot of them in Herbarium Bradeanum Rio deJaneiro (ande.g. inB,DPU,HUH,K,M,MO,MPU,NY,P, PRE, SEL, TAN,USM,W,ZSS). A ‘VirtualRauhHerbarium’ has technically beenbuilt up and filledwithmore than 7,700datasets with theparticular objective of completing datasets for type collections. The database is available atscriptorium.cos.uni-heidelberg.deKoch,M.A.,Schröder,C.N.,Kiefer,M., Sack,P. (2013).A treasure troveof plantbiodiversityfromthe 20th century: the Werner Rauh Heritage Project at Heidelberg Botanical Garden andHerbarium.PlantSyst.Evol.299:1793–1800.DOI10.1007/s00606-013-0835-5

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Ethnobiodiversity,SustainabilityandTraditionalKnowledge:CulturalPracticesintheRegionoftheAlterdoChãoAquifer,FocusingontheConservationofthe

AmazonRainforest.RêgoMatos,JF

Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, IBEF, Santarém, Brazil,[email protected]

Brazil,oneof theseventeenmega-diversecountries,hasthe largestcontinentalbiodiversitygrantsshelterfor15-20%ofalltheplanet'sbiodiversity.However,Amazonia,thelargestrainforestintheworld,isabiomethatdespitecombiningahighrateofendemicspecies,isfacingtoaconsiderabledegree of threats, primarily by human activity and elaborating of infrastructure projects from theoutside to inside and from top to bottom, which has perpetuated the exclusion of populations,communitiesandtraditionalknowledge.Currently,therearemanyeconomiccrisesandcatastrophesofglobal scope, requiringpragmaticsolutions in largeandsmall scales,with theplanningofsocio-environmental and cultural issues, the integrative centre that can set the survival of thousands ofspecies, habitats, populations and ecosystems, which are thematerial basis for human evolution.Pointingoutwaysfortheconservationanddevelopmentfromtools,techniques,policies,processesandprogramsthatgeneratemoreinclusion,income,localandglobalbenefits,arefundamentalsthatrequirecooperationandpartnershipsthatproviderealoptionsforcreatingsustainableenvironmentsandcities,Amazoniabeingtheplacewheretraditionstillfindsplacebecausetheirbeliefpersuasion,myths, legendsandknowledge.Theregionof theTapajósvalley takesadvantageofadensewaternetwork,aquifersandan incomparablebiodiversity.Beingaborder regionbetween thesouthandthenorthofthecountry,wherelargeoperatingproceduresduetotheenhancementoftheBR163highway and hydroelectric power plant projects, wemust be aware of o the need necessity andurgency of further research and implementation of innovativemodels of territorial management,resourcesandknowledgetoconscientioususeoftheseresourcesinordertoensurenodegradation,andthusfuturegenerationscanenjoythisenvironmentinahealthyway.Inthisway,work,describesabout the conflicts between the different global and local interests and analyzes the light oftraditional thinking, based on both, in authors like Goethe, Benjamin, Viveiros de Castro, MiltonSantos,EdgarMorin,andtheexistingritualisticpracticeselementsthatkeeptheAmazontradition,as there are the Ritual of Çairé, Shamanic rituals and Indigenous Amerindians experienced by theauthor,fromethno-disciplinarymethodologiesofintegratingdifferences,inordertodiscusspoliciesto harmonize, through dialogue, pointing to new relationships between man / nature, society /production.

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Brazil-GermanyandthecooperationfordisseminationandpracticesofsustainabledevelopmentintheAmazon

NeusaGonzagadeSantanaPressler1,RosianePinheiroPalheta2

1:ProgramadeMestradoemComunicação,LinguagemeCulturaUniversidadedaAmazônia–UNAMAeGrupoSerEducacionalBelém-Pará–Brazil,[email protected]:FundaçãoHospitalAdrianoJorgeManaus/Am–Brazil,[email protected]

ThisarticleispartofanexploratoryresearchundertheProject:Mediationanddiscoursesofinternational cooperation agencies: Analysis of communication for biodiversity knowledge ofenvironmental projects in the State of Pará, funded by the National Council for Scientific andTechnologicalDevelopment-CNPq(NoticeMCTI/CNPq/MEC/CAPESNo.18/2012)whichaimstoidentifyhowenvironmentalprojects fundedandadvisedbyinternationalcooperationagenciesarespreadingthebiodiversityintheAmazon.Theresearch identified importantactionsof internationalcooperation in theAmazon,pointing outsome challenges of Institutional Communication of organizations working in the environmentalfield and development. After the Pilot Program for the Protection of Tropical Forests of Brazil(PPG7) in 2009, the International cooperation agencies maintained much of the environmentalprojects,promotingvariouseventsintheAmazon.Inthissense,theseorganizationsstilloperatingintheregionthroughinternationaltechnicalandscientificcooperation.InthisarticlewediscusstheroleofcooperationBrazil-Germanyandforthiswechosetwo projectsand two events in the environmental area post (PPG7). The first project, the Amazon RegionProtected Areas Program - ( ARPA ) was launched in 2002 to run in three independent and solidphases . It is coordinatedbytheMinistryof Environment (MMA),managed financiallybyFUNBIO(BrazilianBiodiversityFund)andfinancedwith funds fromtheGlobalEnvironmentFacility (GEF ) -through the World Bank - theGermangovernment - through theBankGermany'sDevelopment (KfW) -WWF-throughtheWWF-BrazilandtheAmazonFund,throughBNDES. It isconsideredby(MMA, 2014) "the largest tropical forest conservation program in the world and the mostsignificantonthethemeofprotectedareasinBrazil"(ARPA,2014).Thesecond,theAmazonFundisoneofthemostimportantprojectscreatedin2008andmaintainedwith donations and actions of international cooperation agencies. This aimstoraisedonations fornon-reimbursable investments in prevention,monitoring and combating deforestation, promotingconservation and sustainable use of forests in theAmazonBiome,pursuant toDecreeNo.6527,August 1, 2008 (BRAZIL, MMA). Since2009, through the Norwegian Agency for DevelopmentCooperation (NORAD), the Norwegian government supports the Amazon Fund, with projectsdevelopedforenvironmental preservation.With this partnership, the Norwegian governmenthasdonatedUS$1.5billioninstocksthatareconcentratedintheregionreferredtoastheAmazonPortal. Germany is providing around 21 million euros by KfW Bankengruppe. It is the secondcountry that provides financial and technical support to activities, second only to Norway(Germany,2014).Inadditiontothesetwoprojectsthearticledescribesandanalyzestwoeventsintheenvironmentalarea made during the year 2013 in the state of Pará, the 6th Brazil - Germany Symposium onSustainableDevelopmentinthecityofSantarémandtheEcogermainBelémcity.Finally,actionsofinternational cooperation agencies, particularly withi the Brazil - Germany internationalcooperation in the dissemination and sustainable development practices resulted in newenvironmentaloutlookfortheAmazonregion.

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CattleintheBrazilianAmazon:theImportanceofaSystemicViewWGVale&KALNeves

Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas – IBEF,Santarém,Brazil,[email protected]

How to reconcile the development of productive activities in accordance with the environmentalprotectionmeasuresthatpromoteecologicalbalance,socialjusticeandeconomicviability?ItisthecentralquestionofthispaperwhichanalyzestheprocesschangesinlivestockactivityintheBrazilianAmazon.Among themany changes tohighlight the analysis arising fromenvironmental legislationand land regularization and those resulting from technological innovations in crop / livestockintegrationanduseofreproductivebiotechnologiessuchasartificial insemination(AI)andartificialinsemination in fixed time (IATF) aswell as embryo transfer (ET).. The explanatory arguments arebasedondirectobservationsand researchesperformed in recentyears,especially in rural farmingareasinthestateofParástate,Brazil.

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Carbonsequestration,biodiversityandsocialstructuresinSouthernAmazonia:modelsandimplementationofcarbon-optimizedlandmanagementstrategies

(carbiocial)GerhardGerold,Dr.StefanHohnwald

UniversityGöttingen,Dept.ofLandscapeEcology;[email protected],[email protected]

The globally relevant land use frontier of SouthernAmazonia is extremely dynamic. MatoGrossoexperienced an increase of 87% in cropland and 40% of deforestation from 2001-2004.ThisdevelopmentisacceleratingalongtheCuiabá-SantarémhighwayandisassociatedwithfurthermajorClossesandGHGreleases.ModelcalculationsofCandGHGfluxesfromtherespectiveecosystemsfordifferentlandusescenariosarestillhighlyuncertainbecause(a)dynamiclandusepatternswithfuture land use development are not fully captured yet and (b) GHGmodels need precise in-situcalibration.Consequently,regionallyspecifiedmodelsareessentialandthekeytargetofthisproject.Themain goals of thismulti- and interdisciplinary approach for Brazilian-German cooperation areviable C-optimized land management strategies mitigating GHG emissions and maintainingecosystem services (ESS) under changing climate conditions. They are utterly needed tomeet thegoals set by Brazilian national plans (ABC) and international treaties such as REDD and the Kyotoprotocol. Three regions along the land use frontier of Southern Amazonia were selected: NovoProgresso (Southern Pará): most active deforestation; Sinop (Northern Mato Grosso): young soybean production; Cuiabá (Central Mato Grosso): established cultivation (>20 years) and adaptedmechanised cropping (e.g. no till). Analyses focus on soil carbon (C) turnover, climate, ecosystemfunctionsandsocio-economicprocessestriggeringlandusechange(LUC).Within the project climate and socio-economic drivers of land use development are analysed toproduce science-based and feasible recommendations for sustainable “Land managementstrategies”.Forthemodellingoflandusechange(LUC)andthedevelopmentoflandusestrategiesaclusterofinternationallyrecognizedmodeltoolswasusedwithregionalizationforSouthernAmazon.Themodel software developed by different groups of this project (ZALF, UFZ, CESR, University ofHohenheim)areeitherdeterministic(agroecosystemmodelMONICA,GHG-modelingwithCENTURY,CANDYandDNDC;soilerosionriskwithEROSION-3D,SWATforwaterbalance; integratedregionalland-usechangewithLandSHIFT)ormulti-agent-basedagroeconomicmodeling(MP-MAS),andallowsimulationandassessmentofscenariosforfuturelandusepracticesundertheconditionsofclimatechange andGHG reducing land use strategies. Preliminary results how to set up regional adaptedscenarios for modeling (4 “Carbiocial scenarios”) and simulation results of LUC for SouthernAmazoniawillbepresented.Alsoconsequencesof LUC forecosystemservicesaswaterbalance inmacro-catchments,soil-C-stockanderosionriskwillbepointedout.Withbiographic(lifestories)andinstitutionalresearch(p.e.actorconstellation)socio-economicandsocio-politicalsubprojectsgaininsightsinthecomplexlandtenureandlandusedecisionsbyfarmers,which were used for the development of realistic future LUC-scenarios. Moreover joint activitieswere thepreparationand realizationofDisseminationactivities, suchasDiadoCampo, Institutionworkshop,stakeholderconferenceManaus2014todiscusscarbiocialresultswithmultipleBrazilianstakeholders.

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WinnendensitelandscapedclosetonatureAndreasMayer

AlfredKärcherGmbH&Co.KG,71364Winnenden,Germany,[email protected]

At itsnewcompanysite inWinnenden,Kärcherhas landscapedatotalof6,000squaremetres inadesignthatisinharmonywithnature,payingcloseattentiontoecologicalaspectsand,especially,topreserving biodiversity. The areawas planted almost exclusivelywith typical wild plants from theUpperZipfelbachValleyandLowerRems-MurrValleyregion.Thelectureexploresthemotivationforandtheimplementationandresultsofdesigningtheareainharmonywithnature.

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PosterPresentations

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GeneticsofsexdeterminationinMeliponastinglessbeesanditsrelationtoconservationandmanagementofnativepollinators

Brito,D.V.1,2,Hasselmann,M.2,Nunes-Silva,C.G.3,Carvalho-Zilse,G.A.4

1: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Grupo de Pesquisas em Abelhas,Manaus, Brazil,[email protected]: University of Hohenheim, Department of Livestock Population Genomics, Institute of AnimalScience,Stuttgart,Germany3:UniversidadeFederaldoAmazonas,CentrodeApoioMultidisciplinar,Manaus,Brazil4:InstitutoNacionaldePesquisasdaAmazônia,GrupodePesquisasemAbelhas,Manaus,Brazil

Stingless bees belong to themost diverse groupwithin the highly eusocial bees, comprising of 33genera.Thesebeesstandasmostimportantpollinatorsofplantsintropicalandsubtropicalregionsand also contribute significantly to the pollination of crops. Among the stingless bees, the genusMelipona(74validspecies)representsitsgreatestdiversityintheAmazonbasin.Deforestationandnestsdestructionbyinadequateextrativismofbeeresources(especiallyhoney)belongtothemainfactors negatively impacting these native bees. Population fitness ofMelipona bees is particularlyaffectedbyhabitatfragmentationduetotheirmodeofreproduction,whichfollowstheprincipleofcomplementaryof sexdetermination (CSD). Inmost speciesunderCSD system,amultiallelic locusinitiates a sex determination pathway. Individuals that are hemizygous (haploid) for this locusbecame males; heterozygous (diploid), females; and homozygous individuals give rise to diploidmales,whichareeitherinviableoreffectivelysterile.Consequently,inbreedingresultsinlowgeneticdiversityatsexlocus,which, inturn,reducesdrasticallytheeffectivepopulationsizeduetodiploidmaleproduction.WearecurrentlyinvestigatingsexdeterminationrelatedgenesinMeliponaspeciestofollowtheirevolutionaryhistory,populationdynamicandmolecularfunction.Fromcloselyrelatedhoneybees(Apis)andbumblebees(Bombus),itisknownthatakeyregulatorofsexdetermination,the gene feminizer (fem), has a duplicated copy. This gene copy in Apis, the complementary sexdeterminer (csd) gene, acts as theprimary signal of thepathway. Interestingly, by studying fem inMelipona interrupta,we foundno evidence for a gene duplicate. Furthermolecular analysis showvariousnumberof sex-specific splice formsof fem and geneexpressiondifferences among castes.We furtherobtained firstgenomesequencedataofM. interrupta,providingvaluable resources toadditional comparative evolutionary analysis among eusocial bees. As a future perspective, weexpectthatthesestudieswillhaveapplicationtoconservationandmanagementprogramsastoolsfor monitoring genetic variability in endangered species and improvement of local bee breedingprograms.Carvalho-Zilse,G.A.;Nunes-Silva, C.G. 2012. Threats to the stingless bees in theBrazilianAmazon:how to deal with scarce biological data and an increasing rate of destruction. In Bees: Biology,ThreatsandColonies(Florio,R.M.),pp.149-168.NovaSciencePublishersInc.,NewYork.Hasselmann,M.,Gempe,T.,Schiøtt,M.,Nunes-Silva,C.G.,Otte,M.;Beye,M.2008.Evidencefortheevolutionarynascenceofanovelsexdeterminationpathwayinhoneybees.Nature454:519–22.Sadd, B. Barribeau, S.M.; Block, G.; de Graaf, D. C., Dearden P.l.; Elsik, C.G.; Gadau, J,Grimmelikhijzen,C.J.P,Hasselmann,M.etal.2015.Thegenomesoftwokeybumblebeespecieswithprimitiveeusocialorganization.GenomeBiology,16:76.

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Biologicalassaysofextractsfromindustrialresiduesof“priprioca”(Cyperusarticulatusvar.nodosus)inAmazonrainforest

Machado,I.R.1;Arévalo,M.R.1;Silva,A.S.1;Nunes,K.M.1;Munchen,A.1;Baratto,L.C.1;Sartoratto,A.2;Barata,L.E.S.1

1.UFOPA-FederalUniversityoftheWestPará,PROPPIT,RuaVeraPazs/n,Salé,Santarém-PA,Brazil.2.CPQBA-UNICAMP.E-mail:[email protected]

“Priprioca” (Cyperus articulatus var. nodosus Lin.; Cyperaceae) is a root that exhales a pleasantperfume and it is used in Amazonian ethnobotany to prepare aromatic baths and handmadeperfumes (Nicolietal.,2006). “Priprioca”essentialoil (EO) isusedby themainBrazilian factoryofcosmetics (Natura S/A) to produce fine perfumes, due to its wet wood, green and spicy notes(Potiguara e Zoghbi, 2008). The species is extensively used in ethnomedicine and manypharmacological activities were already reported as antimalarial, sedative, hepatoprotector,contraceptive, Central Nervous System action and even insecticide. In our Laboratory P&DBIO“priprioca”hasbeentargetofamultidisciplinarystudy.Theplantwascultivatedin1hectareinWestregionofParáState(Santarém-Brazil),andtheEOwasextractedinlaboratorial,pilotandindustrialscaleswithyieldca.0.5%.GC-MSanalysisshowedsesquiterpenesasmajorcompounds.Solidresidueofextraction(ca.99.5%)andhydrolate(liquidresidue)isdischargedtillthismoment.Aimingtofindalternatives for the use of these residues, chemical, biological and pharmaceutical studies andformulationofcosmeticswerecarriedout inour lab.EOshowedacuteandchronictoxicityagainstArtemiasalinanauplii inconcentrationsof10,100and1000µL.DermictoxicityassayshowedthatEOisskinirritantwhenappliedinrabbitswithaconcentrationof0.5mL.HydrolateshowedlarvicidalactionagainstAedesaegypti larvae (3thand4th instars)whendiluted inaconcentration1:1; larvaeshowed lessersurvival ratewhencomparedto larvaetreatedwithotherconcentrations (1:0.5and1:0.025) and control. GC-MS analysis of hydrolate presented verbenone (ca. 29%) as the majorcompound.Ethanolicextractofsolidresidueof“priprioca”inconcentrationshigherthan102µg/mLinhibited cell growth of tumor cells of glioma U251, breastMCF-7 and lung NCI-H460.Moreover,valueofTotalGrowthInhibition(TGI)inantiproliferativeactivityfortheextractwaslowerthan100µg/mLforgliomaU251cells,whiletoothertumorcellsTGIvalueofextractwashigherthanvalueforgliomacells.GC-MSanalysisofethanolicextractshowedsubstanceswithmolecularmasshigherthanm/e200.Moreover,ininvivotoxicityassayusingmiceitwasnotedareducedactivityoftheanimals,showingapossiblylarvicidalactivityinoraldoseof2g/kgofextractfrom“priprioca”residue.GC-MSanalysisshownasmaincompoundaditerpeneofm/e234(ca.20%).TheresultsshowthatispossibletousetheindustrialresiduesofAmazonRainforest,stablishingasustainableprotocol.

1.Nicoli, C.M., Homma, A.O.K., Matos, G. B., Menezes, A.J.E.A. 2006. Aproveitamento debiodiversidadeamazônica:ocasodapriprioca.Belém,PA:EmbrapaAmazôniaOriental.2.Potyguara,R.C.deV.;Zoghbi,M.G.B.2008.Priprioca:umrecursoaromáticodoPará.MPEG,UEPA,Belém–PA,203p.Acknowledgments:UNICAMP,FIOCRUZ;UENF;CAPES,CNPq.

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Fromdatatoknowledge-AmetadataportalonscientificstudiesinthesouthernMataAtlânticaofBrazil

FlorianRaub1,RicardoMirandadeBritez2,RainerFabry3,HubertHöfer1

1: State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe, Erbprinzentraße 13, 76316 Karlsruhe, email:[email protected],Tel.:+49-721-175-28202:SocietyforWildlifeResearchandEnvironmentalEducation(SPVS),Curitiba,Brazil3:InBioVeritas,Curitiba,Brazil

Thousandsofscientificprojectsallovertheworldproduceahugeamountofinformation.However,besidethepublishedresults,mostof thegathereddataareoftennotretainedormanagedonthelongtermandmanyaspects(results)ofastudyremainunknown.Thereforethereisstrongneedforthedevelopmentofinfrastructuretofacilitatediscoveryofandaccesstothis“hidden”information.Althoughan increasingnumberof scientificdata ispublishedvia internetportals (like forexampleGBIF) theunderlyingsourcedatasetsareoftenwidelydistributedandvery individuallystructured.Metadatathereforeholdthekeytoprovidetheinformationnecessary(1)todiscoverthesedatasets,(2)offer(technical)informationonthedatacontent,(3)tocontactthedata-owner.Thustheideaofapublicmetadataportaltopermitaccesstobiodiversityrelatedstudies1viatheinternetaroseintheframeoftheInBioVeritasconsortium.InBioVeritas (www.inbioveritas.net) is an international web of institutions around the BrazilianSociety for Wildlife Research and Environmental Education (SPVS) dedicated to the sustainableprotectionofbiodiversityinthesouthernAtlanticforestregionofBrazil.Oneofitsmaingoalsistheimprovementanddisseminationofknowledgeonbiodiversityinaplannedandcoordinatedwaytobeappliedforconservationissues.Onbehalfofthisaimaninternetmetadataportalwasdevelopedtofirstassessmeta-informationonstudiesintheregion,e.g.whofunded,whichinstitutionsrealizedthestudies.Secondinterestwastounhideexistingdatasetsandtherebypreventthepreciousdatafromloss.Toassurethis,metadatahadtobewellstandardizedpriortotheinclusioninthedatabasewhich supplies the internet portal. We used widely accepted standards and internationally usedontologiesortaxonomicbackbonestoguaranteesearchabilityandcomparability.Inathirdstepandthefuturethedirectaccesstosourcedatawithintheportalshouldbeenabled.This task comes along with the need of an even intensified standardization process. Only carefulstandardizationanddatacurationprocedurescanleadtomeaningfullinkeddataandareal“webofknowledge”insteadofsolitaryinformationscatteredaroundtheinternet.

1:FinancedbyFundaçãoGrupooBoticáriodeProteçãoaNatureza.

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ChemicalStudyofCoffeaarabicaLeaves:AngiotensinConvertingEnzymeandAntioxidantPotential

Trevisan,MTS1;Almeida,RF1;,Ulrich,CM2;Owen,RW2

1DepartamentodeQuímicaOrgânicaeInorgânica,UniversidadeFederaldoCeará,CP12200,60451-970Fortaleza,Ceará,Brazil.2Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German CancerResearchCenter(DKFZ),ImNeuenheimerFeld460,69120Heidelberg,Germany.

Tea and coffee, themost popular beverages in theworld, have been consumed for thousands ofyears. Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner are the two species used incoffee production. Many studies have shown the relation between the consumption of tea andcoffee and their potential disease prevention properties, which may be due to their polyphenolcontents.Mangiferin,oneofmanyexamplesofphenoliccompounds,appearstohaveconsiderablepromise as a natural chemopreventive. Mangiferin is a C-glycosylated xanthone with highpharmacological potential, and is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. However, most plantswhere one can detect mangiferin, are not a viable source for convenient oral consumption.Mangiferin has been recently identified in leaves of seven species of African coffee plants, whichrepresents an excellent natural source of this compound. In this study determined mangiferinconcentrationintheleavesofC.arabicacollectedinMinasGerais(Brazil),aswellasthepresenceofflavonoids. In addition, antihypertensive and antioxidant capacity were investigated in methanolextractsofleaves.ChemicalstudiesofmethanolextractsoftheleavesofC.arabicawiththeuseofHPLC-DADandHPLC-ESI-MSDtechniquesallowedtheidentificationof18substances,sevenofthembeingidentifiedinthegenusCoffeaforthefirsttime.Quantitationofthecompoundsneochlorogenicacid, chlorogenic acid, cryptoclorogenic acid, caffeine and mangiferin in leaves of C. arabica hasshown that secondary metabolite production in leaves is influenced by exposure to mechanicalfactors, soil fertilization and leaf age. The presence ofmangiferin and other phenolic compoundsidentified in leavesofCoffeaarabica indicate that the leavesofcommerciallycultivatedC.arabicaspeciesareanusefulnaturalsourceofmangiferin,andconsumptionofCoffee leafteabrews,maycontributesignificantlytoanelevatedintakeofthesepotentiallyhealth-promotingsubstances.Themethanol extracts of leaves of C. arabica show antioxidant activity in the DPPH, FRAP and ORACassays.IntheHX/XOtest,thesampleMGP1showedpotentialtoinhibitxanthineoxidaseenzymebutnopotential toscavengereactiveoxygenspecies.TheMGP4samplehasshows minimal inhibitionactivityagainstangiontensin-1convertingenzyme.Wang, Y.; HO, C.T. Polyphenolic chemistry of tea and coffee: a century of progress. Journal ofAgriculturalandFoodChemistry,v.57,p.8109-8114,2009.Owen, R.W.; Giacosa, A.; Hull, W.E.; Haubner, R.; Spiegelhalder, B.; Bartsh, H. Theantioxidant/anticancerpotentialofphenoliccompounds isolatedfromoliveoil.EuropeanJournalofCancer,v.36,p.1235-1247,2000.Funcap,Capes,CNPq,DAAD,FundaçãoHansNeumann

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Session06:Bioeconomy

Convener:Prof.Dr.T.Hirth1,Prof.Dr.C.AragãodeCarvalhoFilho2,Prof.Dr.Ing.R.Schaldach3

1:FraunhoferInstitute,Stuttgart,Germany2:UniversideFederalRiodeJaneiro,UFRJ,RiodeJaneiro,Brazil

3:CenterforEnvironmentalResearch,UniversityKassel,Kassel,Germany

The following description of Bioeconomy is provided by the European Commission in the field ofResearchandInnovationatHorizon2020(http://ec.europa.eu/research/bioeconomy/):“Bioeconomyencompasses the sustainableproductionof renewable resources from land, fisheriesandaquacultureenvironments and their conversion into food, feed, fibre, bio-basedproducts andbio-energyaswellastherelatedpublicgoods.TheBioeconomyincludesprimaryproduction,suchasagriculture,forestry,fisheriesandaquaculture,andindustriesusing/processingbiologicalresources,such as the food and pulp and paper industries and parts of the chemical, biotechnological andenergyindustries.”Thesessionseeksforpresentationsthatcombinesustainableproductionofrenewableresourcesandtheirindustrialusing/processing.

KeynoteLecture:Prof.Dr.CarlosAlbertoAragãodeCarvalhoFilho,UniversideFederalRiodeJaneiro,RiodeJaneiro,

BrazilProf.Dr.LiselotteSchebek,TechnischeUniversitätDarmstadt,InstituteIWAR,MaterialFlow

ManagementandResourceEconomy,Darmstadt,Germany

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OralPresentations

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BioEconomyinBaden-Württemberg-AsystemsapproachThomasHirth1,SabineKrieg1

1: Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, IGB, Stuttgart, [email protected],[email protected]

Modern societies are currently facing global challenges due to climate change and populationgrowth.Amongthesechallengeswaterscarcity,availabilityofenergy,sustainable foodproduction,protectionoftheenvironmentandefficientuseofresourcesareidentifiedasmosturgenttopics.BioEconomy is seen as the most efficient driver for a sustainable use of renewable resources toprovidefood,feedandindustrialproductswithenhancedpropertiesMorethan30countries in theworldhavetherefore includedBioEconomy intheirpolicystrategiesmostofthemfocusingonlyonsomeaspectsandobjectives.Baden-Württemberg, as one of the most innovative regions in Europe, has chosen a systemsapproach formakingthetransition froma fossil-basedtoabiobasedeconomywherescienceandresearchaswellasindustrytogetherwithpoliticsandsocietyjointlyaredrivingforces.ThisholisticapproachconsidersBioEconomyinvaluecreationchainsandasasystemsapproachbyincluding all necessary stakeholders and research disciplines right from the start. To foster thisambitiousapproachandatthesametimeestablishtherequirednewmindsetBaden-Württembergisalsoaimingatnetworkingwithexcellentpartnersinthefieldincludinginternationalco-operation.Relying on long term relationships, Baden-Württemberg together with Brazilian partners areexpectedtobringforwardtheinnovativeapproachnotonlybycrossingcountrybordersandbordersof research disciplines but also by joining forces in research and development by active exchangeprograms.

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TheroleofBrazilintheglobalbioeconomyCarlosAlbertoAragãodeCarvalhoFilho

NationalInstituteofMetrology,QualityandTechnology,DirectorateofInnovation&Technology,RiodeJaneiro,Brazil,[email protected]

In 1977, the Romenian economist Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen was the first to use the term"bioeconomy".Inspiredbytheconceptofentropy,Georgescuarguedthattheenergydemandedbyeconomicprocesseshadtobeexplicitlyconsideredineconomicanalyses,becausetherewaslessandlessusableenergytosupplyirreversibleprocesses.ForGeorgescu,atechnologywouldonlybeviableifitdidnotreducethestockofnon-renewableresources.Inthelastfourdecades,theperceptionoftheroleofabioeconomyhasgreatlychanged,thankstomanybiotechnological innovationsdirectlyrelatedtotheuseofbiologicalproducts,processes,andservices in theareasofhumanhealth,agricultureand livestock.Duetoscientificadvances,wearenowcapableofunderstandinghowlifeisencoded(genome,DNA)and,especially,howtocopyandeditthiscode.Besidespharmaceuticalsproducts,severalcropshavebenefitedfromthisknowledge,andsohavecosmetics,animal feed, fuel, storageandprocessingof information, leather,vaccines,vitamins,dyes,plastics,andavarietyofotherproducts.Thus, thegeneticcodeshouldbe, in thecomingdecades,abasis forcreatingeconomicwealth fornations. The diversity and natural genetic variability, a result of numerous possibilities ofrecombining genes, together with modern techniques of molecular biology used in geneprogramming,offertheworldavirtuallyinexhaustiblesourcefortheengineeringandmanufacturingofnewbiologicalproducts.Theglobalgrowthofthebioeconomycanbeassociatedthechallengesbroughtaboutbypopulationincreaseandaging,by the rise inper capita income,byhealthneeds,by theneed to increase thesupply of food, energy, and drinkingwater, aswell as by issues related of climate change. Brazil,thanks to agro-industrial processes related to bioenergy, coupled to modern scientific andtechnologicalprogressintropicalagriculture,andtoahugeterritorialextension,isboundtobeoneofthemainplayersinthisnewscenario.Brazilhasahostofopportunitiesthankstoanumberofcharacteristics:i)itsgreatbiodiversity;ii)itslower costs of biomass production, especially sugarcane; and iii) its advanced tropical agriculture,basedontheapplicationofscienceandtechnology.

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BiofuelsandLandUseChange:MitigationoptionsfromRegional“GoodGovernance”

Schebek,L.

TechnischeUniversitätDarmstadt,InstituteIWAR,ChairofMaterialFlowManagementandResourceEconomy,Darmstadt,Germany,[email protected]

TheEUpolicy sets target for renewableenergies, fosteringalso themarketuseofbiofuels.Duringthelastyears,thispolicyhasbeendiscussedcontroversyduetothepossibleimpactoftheEUbiofueldemand on indirect Land Use Change (iLUC), carbon stocks and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissionsmitigation.Againstthisbackground,theresearchproject"GoViLa-Governanceforthereductionofindirectlandusechange"investigatesbywhichmeasuresandtowhatextentlandusechange(LUC)canbereducedasaresultofregion-specificgovernanceimprovementsunderdifferentarchitecturesofEUbiofuelmandate.Theproject isbasedonthenotionsthat, first,driversandconsequencesofLUC can only be analyzed on a regional basis, and second, that the role of (good) governance iscrucialastopossibleconsequencesfrombiomasssupply,coveringdemandforallusesfromfoodtomaterialuse,andpossiblyalso futurebioeconomy.The research isbasedon field investigations inregions which are relevant for today’s but also tomorrow’s biofuel supply for Europe: Brazil;IndonesiaandUkraine.Investigationscoveracomprehensivereviewof literatureandstatistics,butnotably expert interviews. Based on these field investigations, governance scenarios for the year2020 have been developed which were used to drive a modelling toolset. By use of modellingapproaches,comprisingtheCGEmodelMIRAGE-Biof,providedbytheprojectpartnerIFPRI,andthespatial LUCmodel LandSHIFT, provided by the project partnerUniversität Kassel, land use changeand the resulting carbon fluxeswerequantified and thus the contributionof different governanceoptions for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions were analysed Project results confirm thatRegional Governance influences the nature and extent of LUC significantly. "Good Governance" -combiningefficiencyincreasesintheagriculturalsectorwitheffectiveprotectionofsensitiveareas-leadstothedecouplingofLUCandcarbonemissions.

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Innovativeprocessingofoilseedsforsimultaneousrecoveryofedibleoil,solidfuel,antioxidants,andprotein-richfoodingredients

PeterEisner1,JudithWittenauer1,GabrielaGofferjé1

1: Fraunhofer Institute for process engineering and packaging, Department process development,Freising,Germany,[email protected]

Beside the production of oil sunflowers, canola, flax, and other protein rich oilseeds show a hugepotential for bioeconomy. Up to now oilseeds have been cultivated almost exclusively for theproductionofplantoil.Residualmaterialsfromtheplantoilproductionsuchasproteins,seedhusks,carbohydratesandsecondaryplantmetaboliteshaveremainedunutilizeduptonow.Toreachahighlevelofsustainabilityandtofulfillthegoalsofbioeconomyanintegrateduseofall fractionsoftheoilseedshastobeachieved.Thepresentationwillprovideanoverviewonnewandsustainablefractionationtechnologieswhichenables full utilization of the residual fractions from oil seed processing. Based on adequateprocessing husks and carbohydrates can be used for heat and fuel generation. Oil, proteins, andsecondary plant materials can be isolated using gentle processing steps in order to produceingredientssuitableforfoods.Thesecanbeusedasvalue-addingingredientsinalmostallapplicationofhighlyacceptedveganingredientsorjustforsubstitutionofegg,milkandmeatproteins.Azero-wastestrategyisbeingpursuedfortheprocessing.A project example with a huge economic and ecologic impact is the cultivation of sunflowers asintercropinBrazilandtheirfractionationtohighvaluablefractions.Braziloffersexcellentconditionsforlarge-scalesunflowercultivationastheycanbeusedbyfarmersasanintermediatecroponsoyorsugarcanefieldsandcanprovidefarmerswithanadditionalsourceofincome.Thiscanincreasecrop diversity and hence improve soil fertility. In addition, planting on hitherto uncultivated landcould protect the land against erosion. In the mentioned project 17 partners from Germany andBrazilareinvolvedalongtheentirevaluechainsuchasprimarycropproduction,manufactureoffoodingredients, energy and technical ingredients. The industry is responsible for application of theproducts and for the demonstration of their commercial value. The process and productdevelopmentsarebeingappraisedbyundertakingasocio-economicstudyoftheentirevalue-added-chaintoimplementalsothesocialpillarofsustainabilityintothewholeinnovationprocess.

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StudiesofligninpowderasreinforcementforplasticscompositesDiasO.A.T.1,CesarinoI.1NegraoD.R.2LunardiC.1LeaoA.L.1

1:SãoPauloStateUniversity(UNESP),CollegeofAgriculturalSciences(UNESP/FCA),Botucatu,SP,Brazil.2:CentreofNuclearEnergyintheAgriculture,(CENA/USP),Piracicaba,SP,Brazil,[email protected]

Wefocusontherecentadvancesonthephysicalchemistryof ligninand itspotentialapplications.Emerging trends of incorporating lignin in promising applications such as reinforcing agent forplastics composites and carbon fibers. Lignin is the only large volume renewable feedstock thatcontains aromatics compounds. Today, the aromatics compounds are almost exclusively derivedfrompetroleum.Thisfeaturecanprovideimprovementinperformanceofcomposites.Moreover,itisimportanttofindaneconomicalwaytoconvertlignintovalue-addedmaterials.Effortsarebeingmadetointroducethelignininplasticcompositessuchaspolypropylene,withtheaimofproducingenvironmentally friendlyproducts andwith goodmechanical characteristic. In this studyblendsofligninpowderandpolypropylenewerecompoundedinaThermokyneticmixer(DREISS)andlateronextrudedand testing sampleswereproducedby injectionmoldingprocess. Theproduced sampleswere tested for physical, mechanical and thermal properties. In addition were evaluated theimportance of introducing coupling agents to improve its mechanical performance. The resultsshowedthattheincorporationoftheligninpowderinPPmatrixresultedinacompositewithsuitableproperty application for various industrial fields, especially those were mechanical features arecrucial,suchasthereplacementofengineeringplastics.

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Feasibilitystudytoimplementanaerobicdigestersforagriculturalandmanurewastes:Guanajuato,Mexicocasestudy

Landa-Cansigno,O.1,2*;Acero-Rueda,R.1;Acevedo-Tinajero,O.C.1;Rodriguez-Sotelo,J.R.1;Calderon-Rosas,N.C.1;

1: CIATEC, Technology Department, Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico, CP 37545 [email protected];[email protected];[email protected];[email protected]: University College London; Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, London, UK,[email protected]

Anaerobicreactorstransformbiologicalmaterialintobiogasandfertilizerinabsenceofoxygenanditis believed that this technology could be an efficientway of utilising sorghum residue thatwouldotherwisebeburntinopenfieldinCentralMexico,causingenvironmentalpollution.Therefore,theaimof this researchwas to test the technical and economic feasibility of implementing anaerobicdigesters in Guanajuato to convert agricultural residues in valuable products. A laboratoryexperiment was designed to calculate biogas production from samples of sorghum steam mixedeitherwithpigorcattlemanure.Comparisonsweremadebetween7.5%and10.5%VolatileSolids(VS) concentration at 25° and 38°C (temperatures in Guanajuato). The volume of biogas wascalculatedbydisplacementinaeudiometerasDIN-38-414-8.Eachexperimentwascarriedoutover40daysbyduplication.Socio-economicfeasibilitywasassessedbyestimatingtherateofreturnoninvestmentandbydoingsurveyswithlocalproducerstoestimateproductionandoperationalcosts,aswell as likely acceptanceof technology. Results indicated that sorghum-pigmanure yielded thehighest biogas at 38°C (2.5m3*kgVS-1), regardless ofwhether they hadmore VS concentration. Atroom temperature, pig samples with 10.5%VS produced 1.7 m3*kgVS-1, while both cattle and pigmanuresamples7.5%VSgenerated1m3*kgVS-1ofbiogas.Digestates(remainingsolidphase)canbeused to substitute synthetic fertilizers, pigmixtures demonstrated to have enoughnutrientswhilecattlesampleswouldrequireadjustment tonitrogencontent to reachthesamequality.Regardingsocio-economic issues, it was found that 62% of farmers and ranchers were familiar with thetechnology, 87%of the ownerswere interested in installing one biodigester and themainmarketsegmenttopurchaseabiodigesterdirectlywerelandownerswith>10ha.Thisrepresentapotentialof installing3,000 in thearea.However, the internal rateof returnwas foundtobeat the limitofeconomic feasibility (4.2), so, investment strategies are needed that couldmake this an attractiveoptionforfarmers.Themainbenefitsfoundweresavingsongasandsyntheticfertilizerpurchases,which suggest that these products should be used mainly for self-consumption. Overall,implementationofanaerobicdigestersinGuanajuatohasagreatpotentialasanoptiontodecreasebio-wastesandtoproducerenewablefuelandfertilizers.DIN 38414-8 (1985) German standard methods for the examination of water, waste water andsludge;sludgeandsediments(groupS);determinationoftheamenabilitytoanaerobicdigestion(S8),DeutschesInstitutfürNormunge.V,Germany,6p.

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UseofSeaweedandMacroalgaebymeansofHydrothermalCarbonization(HTC)inRespecttotheirEnergeticandAdsorptivePotentials.

Bradl,HB.1andVerstegen,J.1


Seaweed and algae populations are increasingly growing worldwide due to global warming andclimatechange.HydrothermalCarbonization(HTC)utilizeswetbiomass,producesbiocharandoffersasustainablepossibilityofintegratingwetbiomassintodifferentmaterialflows(Huetal.2010).Ourresearchfocusedonestimatingtheenergeticandadsorptivepotentials.Byevaluatingthedesignofexperimentasignificantincreaseincalorificvaluecouldbeachieved.Seaweedandmacroalgaehavebeencarbonizedandthebiocharproducedhasbeenaddedtogardensoil.Planttestswithdifferentbiochar-soil mixtures showed that the optimum value for biochar addition to increase biomassproduction is around 5%. Analyses of nitrate concentrations showed that biochar addition to soildecreasednitrateleachingofsoil.AdsorptivepotentialestimationwasdonebyLangmiurisothermsandsurfacecharacterizationbyREM.HTCbiocharfromseaweedshowedawateradsorptioncapacitysimilartoconventionalactivatedcharcoal.ReferenceList:Hu,B.,Wang,K.,Wu,L.,Yu,S.-H.,Antonietti,M.&Titirici,M.M.(2010):Engineeringcarbonmaterialsfromthehydrothermalcarbonizationprocessofbiomass.Adv.Mat.22:813-828

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PosterPresentations

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Ashes–RecoveryofNutrientsfromAshesProducedbyThermochemicalProcessesBasedonBagasseorBagasseD.Baris1,H.-J.Gehrmann1;D.Stapf1;M.Meiller2

1: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Technische Chemie (ITC),[email protected]:Fraunhofer-InstitutfürUmwelt-,Sicherheits-undEnergietechnikUMSICHT,

Annually,bioethanolproductioninBrazilgivesrisetoabout250milliontonsofbagasse1.Mostoftheresidues produced are subjected to thermal utilization. Some of the plants used for this purposewerebuiltasearlyasinthe1960s.Hence,theirenergybalanceisfarfrombeingoptimum.Intensivecultivationof soils andapplicationofuntreated residues, suchas vinasse, results in an insufficientsupply of the soils with nutrients. Soils are increasingly acidified or salinized2,3. The internationalproject isaimedatdevelopingconceptsforan integrateduseofnutrientsbasedonhighlyefficientco-generationplantsincooperationwiththeBrazilianpartners.Withintheframeworkoftheproject, it isplannedtousetheresiduesofbioethanolproductionforthegenerationofenergybygasificationandcombustion.Theprocess conditionsare tobechosensuch that ashes are produced, which are suited for use as fertilizers or fillers in composites. It isenvisagedtodevelopprocessoptimizationsfortheproductionoflow-pollutantashesthatcanthenbe processed to full-fledged and competitive recycled fertilizers4.Moreover, it is to be studied towhatanextentashes,fromwhichthenutrientshavebeenseparated,canbeusedasfunctionalfillersofbiopolymercompounds5.ThejointprojectwillbecarriedoutbyfourBrazilianandeightGermanpartners.Itmayrepresentanimportant contribution to reducing the consumption of raw phosphate6,7. Imports of phosphatecontaintracesofuranium.Thesetracescanalsobefoundindrinkingwater.Hence,recycledashesmay contribute indirectly to improving soil and drinking water quality. Moreover, the projectcontributestotheglobalreductionofCO2emission.TheeconomicpotentialforBrazilishigh.InBrazilsugarcaneliesinsecondplaceoftheenergymix8.Optimization of existing plants and more efficient thermal utilization also result in an enormouscommercialpotential.Recyclingmarketshaveahighereconomicstabilityandarelessdependentonregionalmarkets.Therecyclingschemeenvisagedwillmaketheregionalnutrientcyclesindependentof the regionalmarkets in the long term. Thiswill not only secure availability, but also create aneconomicadvantage.1: KUTAS, Geraldine: Actual Situation Of The Brazilian Sugar And Ethanol Industry. BrazilianSugarcaneIndustryAssociation(UNICA)(2012-07-01).2:PRADO,RENATODEMELLO;CAIONE,Gustavo;CAMPOS,CIDNAUDISILVA:FilterCakeAndVinasseAs FertilizersContributing ToConservationAgriculture. In:AppliedAndEnvironmental Soil Science2013(2013),P.8.URLHttp://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1155/2013/581984.3:DOSSANTOS,J.D.;LOPESDASILVA,A.L.;DALUZCOSTA,J.;SCHEIDT,G.N.;NOVAK,A.C.;SYDNEY,E. B.; SOCCOL, C. R.: Development Of A Vinasse Nutritive Solution For Hydroponics. In: J EnvironManage114(2013),Pp.8-12.4: FONTAODE LIMA FILHO,OSCAR.:O Silicio EUmFortificante EAntiestressanteNatural ParaAsPlantas. Short Report. In: Embrapa Agropecuaria Oeste (2008). URLHttp://Www.Cpao.Embrapa.Br/Portal/Artigos/Artigos/Artigo1.Html.5:PRITCHARD,G.:NovelAndTraditionalFillersForPlastics:TechnologyAndMarketDevelopments;ARapraIndustryAnalysisReport.Shrewsbury:RapraTechnology,1999(RapraIndustryAnalysisReportSeries).6: 35] MAGDALENA OHM: Phosphor- Wichtig Wie Wasser, Endlich Wie Öl. URLHttp://Www.Agrarkoordination.De/Fileadmin/Dateiupload/PDF-Dateien/Agrarinfos/Buko_189.Pdf.7: BUCHHAMMER, V.; JUNG, J.-H.: Phosphorrecycling. Clausthal, Technische Universität Clausthal,CUTECInstitut.Projektarbeit.2013.

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ComparativeStudyofKraftLigninfromDifferentSourcesforCompositesApplications

Dias,OAT1;Silva,RC1;Negrao,DR2;Cesarino,I1;Leao,AL1

1: Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Agricultural Sciences (FCA), Botucatu, Brazil,[email protected]: University of Sao Paulo (USP), Centre of Nuclear Energy in the Agriculture (CENA), Piracicaba,Brazil.

Ligninisoneofthemostabundantrenewablearomaticbiopolymer,whichisseparatedfrombiomassviapulpingprocessonthecommercialscale [1].Amongall thechemicalpulpingprocess, themostusedisthekraftprocessinwhichthewasteproducedisknownasblackliquor[2].Worldwideeffortsarebeingmade touse theenergypotentialpresent in the lignin for theproductionofhighvalue-added products such as chemicals feedstock, carbon fiber and plastic composites. In order to useligninasareinforcingagentincompositewereevaluatedtheirthermalandchemicalcharacteristics.Two industrial kraft lignins (softwood lignin Indulin AT fromMeadWestvaco and hardwood ligninfrom Lwarcel, Brazil) were subjected to FTIR analysis to identify functional groups.ThermogravimetricAnalysis(TGA)werecarriedouttodeterminethethermalstability,composition,presenceofimpuritiesofligninfromdifferentsources.Thisstudydemonstratedthatthehardwoodligninhasahigherthermalstabilitythanthesoftwoodlignin.Furthermore,thehardwoodligninhasahigherpresenceofreactivegroupssuchashydroxylandcarbonylandlowerrateofguaiacyl/syringylcomparedwithsoftwood lignin. Inpolymericblends, thepresenceof reactivegroups increasesthedegreeofaffinitybetweentheplasticmatrixandlignin[3]duetotheformationofcrosslinkbetweenphases [4]. In conclusion, the hardwood lignin will result in a better interphase and bondabilitybetweenligninandthethermoplasticmatrix.References[1] Mu, W; Ben, H; Ragauskas, A; Deng, Y. (2013). Lignin pyrolysis components and upgrading-technologyreview.BioenergyResearch.6(4):1183–1204[2]Lee,HV.;Hamid,SBA;Zain,SK. (2014).ConversionofLignocellulosicBiomasstoNanocellulose:StructureandChemicalProcess.TheScientificWorldJournal.2014[3]Zdarta,J;Klapiszewski,Ł;Wysokowski,M;Norman,M,Kołodziejczak-Radzimska,A;Moszyński,D;Ehrlich,H;Maciejewski,H;Stelling,AL;Jesionowski,T.(2015).Chitin-ligninmaterialasanovelmatrixforenzymeimmobilization.MarDrugs.13(4):2424-46[4]Barzegari,MR.,Alemdar,A;Zhang,Y;Rodrigue,D.(2012).Mechanicalandrheologicalbehaviorofhighlyfilledpolystyrenewithlignin.PolymerComposites.33(3):353-361

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SimulatedFutureSoybeanProductivitythroughoutMatoGrossoandPará,Brazil

AnnaHampf1*,PhillipParker

1,2,FabianiDeniseBender

1,3,ClaasNendel

1

1: Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Research (ZALF),Müncheberg,Germany,email:[email protected]:InstituteofFarmBusinessandManagement,JustusLiebigUniversity,Giessen,Germany3:LuizdeQueirozCollegeofAgriculture(ESALQ),BiosystemsEngineering,Piracicaba,Brazil

IntroductionFuture crop productivity will be affected by multiple factors including climate, breeding andmanagement.While cropmodels are a powerful tool to assess the impact of climate change andincreased CO₂ concentration on crop yields, there are still many uncertainties in relation totechnological development. Although technology development has been identified as the mostimportant driver of productivity gains, relative yield increases are unlikely tomaintain a constanttrend.ThisstudyputsforthanewapproachtoforecasttechnologydrivenproductivitygainsandtoapplythisapproachtoproductionsystemsintheSouthernAmazon.MethodologyWe assume that long-term crop productivity trends can be described by a sigmoid function withinitiallowyieldincreasesthataccelerateovertimeandslowdownastheyapproachanupperyieldlimit,as:Y(ti)=K/[1+e^(-r*(ti-tm))]where,Y(tᵢ)=yieldatyeartᵢ,K=biologicalyieldmaximum,r=slopeandtm=yearofsigmoidinflectionpoint.Accordingtoatheoreticalbiologicalyieldmaximum,farmerswhohavenotyet reached thesigmoid inflectionpointwillexperience increasingyieldgains,whilefarmers who have passed it will experience decreasing rates of yield gains and finally yieldstagnation.The locationofa farmeronthesigmoidcurvecanbeestimatedbysolvingthesigmoidfunction for ti,which gives the following equation: ti=tm+[ln(K/Y(ti)-1)]*1/-r. Thismethodologywasapplied to high resolution (0.9x0.9km) yield maps for soybean, simulated with the Model forNitrogenandCarbondynamicsinAgro-ecosystems(MONICA),aprocess-basedsimulationmodel.ResultsOur results show that genetic progress and improved crop management could lead to averagesoybeanyieldincreasesofaround43%between2010and2030.WhilethesouthernmunicipalitiesofMatoGrosso could experience relativelymodest yield increases of 28.4%, soybean productivity inNorthParácouldincreasebyupto66.3%.DiscussionThis study provides a new approach to estimating future crop productivity as affected bytechnologicaldevelopment.Ourapproachcanbeusedfordifferentcropsanddifferenttimeperiodsandcanalsobeappliedtootherregionswheredataonhistoricalyieldtrendsisavailable.Althoughthesevaluesprovideagoodestimateofwhatisbiophysicallypossible,thereisstillscopeforchangein the future. IncreasingambientCO2concentration,harvest indexandplantingdensityare factorsthatmayshiftthebiologicalyieldmaximumfurtherupward.

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PiteiraandBananaFibersasReinforcementinLigninBasedPolypropyleneComposites

Leao,AL1;AlRahbi,M2;Dias,OAT1;Rabelo,RAF1;Bronzato,G1,Silva,RC1;Cesarino,I1

1:SaoPauloStateUniversity(UNESP),CollegeofAgriculturalSciences(UNESP/FCA),Botucatu,Brazil,[email protected]:SultanQaboosUniversity,CollegeofEngineering,Muscat,Oman

Theworldplasticconsumptionhasbeenincreasingprogressivelyinrecentyears.Theconcernfortheenvironmental pollution and the mitigation of the use of non-renewable resources has attractedresearchers looking for the development of new eco-friendly materials and products based onsustainability principles. The natural fibers provide indisputable advantages over syntheticreinforcementmaterials, such as low cost, low density, non-toxicity, higher specificmodulus, andminimumwaste disposal problems [1].Moreover, there are the emerging trends of incorporatinglignininpromisingapplicationssuchasreinforcementagentforthermoplasticscomposites[2].Inthepresent study, banana and piteira fibers together with lignin were blended and the mechanicalproperties of these composites were evaluated. The natural fibers were washed, dried and thenmilled.Blendsofligninpowder,naturalfiberandpolypropylenewereextrudedandlaterthesampleswere produced by injection molding process. The specimens were subjected to tensile, surfacehardness, flexural and impact tests. The results showed a significant difference between thecompositesstudied. Ingeneral, thepiteira fiber interactedmoreefficientlywith ligninobservedbythe increase of the tensile and impact strength of composites. Furthermore, the compositedemonstratedsuitablepropertyapplicationsforindustrialvariousfields,suchasthereplacementofengineeringplasticsandlightweightmaterials.References[1] Raman Bharath, VR; Vijaya Ramnath, B; Manoharan, N. (2015). Kenaf fibre reinforcedcomposites:areview.ARPNJournalofEngineeringandAppliedSciences.10(13):1819-6608.[2]Thakur,VK;Thakur,MK;Raghavan,P;KesslerMR.(2014).Progressingreenpolymercompositesfromligninformultifunctionalapplications:areview.ACSSustainChemEng.2:1072–92.

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Carbohydrate-basedpolymersfortheencapsulationbyspray-dryingasasubstituteformicroplastics

MichaelWalz1,MonikaBach1,2,ThomasHirth1,2,AchimWeber1,2

1:Universityof Stuttgart, Instituteof Interfacial ProcessEngineeringandPlasmaTechnology IGVP,Chemical-PhysicalInterfaces,Stuttgart,Germany,[email protected]:FraunhoferInstituteforInterfacialEngineeringandBiotechnologyIGB,InterfacialEngineeringandMaterialsScience,Stuttgart,Germany

Thereleaseofnon-degradablepolymericparticlesintoourenvironmenthasdrawntheattentionofthepublic.Oneissueisthefragmentationofplasticdebrisbymechanicalandphotochemicalimpact,so called secondarymicroparticles. [1] Inaddition, sewagewater containsprimarymicroparticlesoriginating from industry and consumerproducts e.g. cosmeticproducts. Themainproblem is theapplicationofnon-degradablepolymerssuchaspolyethyleneandpolypropylene.[2]Theorganismsin the aquatic environment are able to ingest and incorporate those non-degradable particles.Tanakaetal.provedrecentlythatthoseplasticparticlescontainhighconcentrationsofheavymetalsadsorbedontheirsurface,whichaccumulatesinthefoodchain.[3]However,notonlyparticlesarestressing the ecological system, but also pharmaceutical substances and their metabolites oftenharmourenvironment.Therefore,newmethodsofdrugapplicationsandformulationsarerequiredto lower the required concentrations. [4] Beside the continuous release of the drug, the particlesshouldbedegradabletopreventthedescribedaccumulations.[5]In this work we investigate a general approach for the usage of carbohydrates from renewableresourcesasencapsulationmaterialforthespray-dryingtechnology.Wedevelopapplicationsbasedonrenewableanddegradablebiopolymersasasubstitutematerialfortheusageine.g.agriculture,cosmetic and food industry. The main focus of our study is the investigation of encapsulatingrepresentative low molecular substances like ascorbic acid or limonene with carbohydrate-basedpolymers using the spray-drying process. Therefor we apply technically available and well knowncarbohydrates such as inulin, xanthan, cellulose and derivatives. The process parameters for thespray-dryingmethodareinvestigatedandoptimizedbyusingdesignofexperiment.Afterthespray-dryingprocess, theparticles are analyzed via scanningelectronmicroscopeandby light scatteringmethods.Thereleasebehaviorof theencapsulatedsubstances isdetermined indifferentsolutionsviahigh-performanceliquidchromatography.[1]Browneetal.,EnvironmentalScience&Technology2011,45,9175.[2]Browne, M. A.; Galloway, T.; Thompson, R., Integrated Environmental Assessment and

Management2007,3,559.[3]Tanakaetal.,MarinePollutionBulletin2013,69,219.[4]Wang,A.Z.;Langer,R.;Farokhzad,O.C.Annu.Rev.Med.2012,63,185–198.[5]Sinha,V.R.;Trehan,A.JournalofControlledRelease2003,90,261.

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Session07:Law

Convener:Prof.Dr.W.Kahl,Prof.Dr.J.R.MoratoLeite

1:InstituteforGermanandEuropeanadministrativelaw,UniversityofHeidelberg,Heidelbergresearchcenterforsustainability,HeidelbergCenterfortheEnvironment,Germany

2:FederalUniversityofSantaCatarina,CCJ,DepartamentodeDireito-UFSC,CampusUniversitário,Trindade–Florianópolis,Brazil

Moneyandlawaremosteffectivemeanstoreachpoliticalgoals.Thequestionishowthesemeansareusedandiftheycanbeusedinabetterwaytoforwardsustainabledevelopment.Toanswerthisquestionacomparisonbetween theapproachesofdifferent legal systemsshall takeplace.Specialattentionmaybegiventotheuseandusefulnessoffinancialinstrumentslikesubsidies(forexampleto promote wind and solar energy as in Germany) or market mechanism (for example emissiontradingsystem,watermarket).Thethemeinvitesforcontributionsonallpartsofenvironmentallawencompassingclimate,air,water,soil,nature,andlandscapeprotection.Thefocusisontheimpactofstirringinstruments.

KeynoteLectureProf.Dr.WolfgangKahl,InstituteforGermanandEuropeanadministrativelaw,Universityof

Heidelberg,Heidelbergresearchcenterforsustainability,HeidelbergCenterfortheEnvironment,Heidelberg,Germany

Prof.Dr.JoséRubensMoratoLeite,FederalUniversityofSantaCatarina,CCJ,DepartamentodeDireito-UFSC,CampusUniversitário,Trindade–Florianópolis,Brazil

Prof.Dr.UteMager,InstituteforGermanandEuropeanAdministrative,HeidelbergUniversity,InstitutfürdeutschesundeuropäischesVerwaltungsrecht,UniversityHeidelberg,HeidelbergCenter

fortheEnvironment,Heidelberg,Germany

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OralPresentations

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EuropeanEnvironmentalLawandSustainability–anIntroductionWolfgangKahl

InstituteforGermanandEuropeanadministrativelaw,UniversityofHeidelberg,Heidelbergresearchcenterforsustainabilitylaw,[email protected]

This contribution gives anoverviewof Europeanenvironmental law, an area,which in Europehasbecome far more important than national environmental law. Development, main structures andprinciplesoftheenvironmental lawoftheEuropeanUnion,especiallythe integrationprincipleandtheprincipleofsustainability,willbeoutlined.Furthermore, the speech will present the legal competences of the EU with relevance to theprotectionoftheenvironment.Actors, instruments,law-makingprocedures,butalsothepossibilityofMemberStatestoderogatefromtheEuropeanlevelofprotectionwillbesomeoftheissuesdealtwith.Finally,thespeakerwilladdressthequestionwhetherEUlawhasbeensubstantially“greened”over the last 30 years, or not and in which areas the need for more, or a better environmentallegislationpersists.

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Makingstatesandinternationalorganizationsextra-complianttosocialandenvironmentalsafeguards:humanrightsandsustainabledevelopmentasguidingprinciplesformultilateralandbilateralfinancingprojects(PAINEL)

FabricioBertiniPasquotPolido

LawSchool,FederalUniversityofMinasGerais-UFMG-Brazil.E-Mail:[email protected]

The paper seeks to offer a critical analysis of the current debate on responsibility of states andinternational organizations in the context of bilateral and multilateral financing activities ofgovernmental projects with environmental linkages and the main roots of compliance pattersfocusedonsocialandenvironmentalsafeguardsinaccordancewithdomesticandinternationallaws.It is submitted that the roles of states and international organizations, such as multilateral andbilateral financing agencies, in international loan transactions should be guided to ensurecompliance,transparencyandaccountability–bothtakenascomponentsofglobalgovernance.TherecentdiscussionofapotentialweakeningofWorldBankenvironmentalandsocialsafeguardsinJuly2014 paved the way for reassessment of how these safeguards are indisputably connected withhuman rights and sustainable development and how states and international institutions shallincrease environmental and social quality of financing, lending and project monitoring instead ofsimplyformulatingflexibledonationorloanapprovalpolicies.Theproposedtalkbytheoccasionofthewillselectparticularcasesindevelopingcountries(includingBrazil)whereexistinginternationallegal instruments and financing projects have been challenged because they allegedly contravenenational and international human rights and environmental rules. The conclusion is devoted toarticulate recommendations for core actors, such as states, subnational entities, internationalorganizations, PPPs and NGOs in tackling the main issues arising from responsibility. One of theassumptions is to return to the foundations of sustainable development as an ethos for theinternationaleconomicsandtheglobalsociety.

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EnvironmentalLawinnorth-southcommercialrelations.Derani,C.

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas, Florianópolis, Brasil,[email protected]

Therulesgoverninginternationaltraderelationsarebasedontheprincipleofequalityofpartiesintrade practice and freedom of trade. However, this assumption is opposed to a reality made ofparties that have seen social, environmental, cultural and economic inequalities deepen over theyears.Environmentalissuesarisewithinproductiverelationships.Inaglobalisedworld,theeconomicprocess is comprised by an interdependence in trade and investment between countries. FromaNorth-South perspective, this economic interdependence is asymmetrical when concerning thedivisionof costs andbenefits,which is especiallymarked in thedepreciationof natural resources.Thecirculationofgoodsandservicesusuallysetsadistancebetweencausesandeffectsintermsofenvironmental damages, which local norms and policies can do little about. When the matter isenvironmental,causesandeffectsaredistantinspaceandtime.Addressing this issue requires necessarily an effective presence of international law capable ofreaching the negative causes and effects on the localized environment in different countries. Theobjective of sustainability can only be achieved with the coordinated participation of severalcountries, which should be concerted by international law. Fair practices in trade are beyondfictitious liberalism, which does not mean protectionism. Reinvention of the economy beyonddualismisainternationallegalprocess.EvenwithinWTOwayshavealreadybeenopenedwhichwillleadtotraderelationsbasedonmorerealisticprinciples,awareofhumanhealthandenvironment.The international society has common values, identified and respected by Stateswhich should bestimulatedtoconstructNorth-Southeconomicrelationsthatarepositivetowardsenvironmentandhuman beings. False necessities and false contingencies (Koskenniemi) should not inhibit theidentificationofuniversal international law,committedtoculturaldiversity, thepeculiaritiesoftheproductsandprocessofeveryenvironment,cultureornationaleconomicconditions. Internationallawshouldunitepeopleswithoutexertingcultural,politicaloreconomicdominance.Theproposalofthisarticleistodemonstratehowinternationallawiscapableofdiminishingeconomicasymmetriesandatthesametimecommittingcountriestowardstradepracticeswhicharepositivefromaglobalperspectiveand in thiswaybringingaboutbettergeneraleconomicconditions.To thisaim, ratherthennewrules,itisnecessarytounderstandexistinglegalprovisionsinanewlight.Apartfromnewtools,anewwaymustbesearchedifanewendissought.

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EnvironmentalRefugees:TheBrazilianpositiononHaitiimmigrationafterthe2010earthquake.GiuliaMancciniPinheiro

Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Law Department, Florianópolis, Brazil,[email protected]

People that suffer violations on their fundamental rights from something they can’t controlmusthave their human rights protected by national and international law. In this context, this talkwillargue that there is a group of people unprotected by law called by “environmental refugees”.Environmentaldisasters,naturalorcausedbyman,areincreasinglycommoninthemodernday.Oneofitsconsequencesisthedisplacementoftheaffectedpopulation,seekingasafeplacetolive.Thesepeoplemovewithin their countriesor across internationalborders looking for aplace toestablishthemselves, however, without any legal support they find themselves in an extremely vulnerablesituation.Despite thedoctrine classifyingpeople thatmovemotivatedor forcedbyenvironmentalcauses as “environmental refugees”, the governments and international organizations still do nottake an effective attitude once there is no support in the international legal system. Having thisproblem inmind, thisexpositionaims to situate the “environmental refugees” in the internationallaw context and, after that, critically analyze the ambiguous position of the Brazilian governmenttowards Haitian immigration after the earthquake in 2010. First, the government attitude was tostatethesepeopleasrefugees.RealizingthatthisrecognitioncouldencourageimmigrationonceitwouldbebindbytheRefugeeConventionandthatthiscouldencouragemore immigration, ithasdecidedtoadoptthehumanitarianvisapolicyasanalternative.Thispositionledtoencouragingnotonly theearthquakeaffectedpeoplebutalsothesocalled“economicmigrants” tocometoBrazil.This research begins with an international literature review of the emerging “environmentalrefugees”categoryanditscritics.ThenitverifiestheinternationalagreementswhichbindBrazilsuchasthe1951RefugeeStatuteandthefollowing1967Protocol,theregionalCartagenaDeclarationandafter their integration into national law as the Law 9.474/97. Overall, it analyzes the factors andreasonsthatmotivatedtheBrazilianGovernmenttoapplythenormativerulenº97/12andnº113/14which regulated thehumanitarianvisa forHaitimigrationand thathas the consequenceof lettingaffected people unprotected, once the visas can be suspended at any time regardless of Haitisituation.

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ConstitutionalEnvironmentalLawinBrazil:JurisprudenceinNationalHighCourt(Stj)

JoseRubensMoratoLeite,LarissaVeriBoratti.

Federal University of Santa Catarina, CCJ, Departamento de Direito- UFSC, Campus Universitário,Trindade–Florianópolis,Brazil

The21stCenturyismarkedbyacomplexandmultidimensionalenvironmentalcrisis,whichdemandsnew approaches capable of offering adequate solutions for the existent environmental problems.Besides, this period in humanity’s history, called “the secondmodernity”, is characterized by thepredominance of global risks, which have the characteristics of delocalization, incalculability andnon-compensability. Therefore, within this context – in which dangerous climate change, waterscarcity and deforestation represent real threats to the environment and to human well-being –Statesfacenewchallengesinproperlyaddressingtheseglobalrisksandproblems.ConcerningmorespecificallyBrazil,manyarethecasesrelatedtothematterthatreachtheNationalHighCourt(STJ),whichthusplaysanimportantroleinensuringenvironmentalprotection,arightestablishedbytheConstitution. In order to achieve this protection, an adequate legal interpretation for theenvironmental legislation isneeded,whichmustbebasedonenvironmental lawprinciplesandthefundamentalrighttoahealthyandbalancedenvironment.Thatbeingsaid,thelectureaimstoanalysehowtheBrazil’sSTJJurisprudencehasbeenevolvingintermsoftheinterpretationoftheenvironmentalrulesrelatedtoprotectareas,highlightingspecificcasesandtheircontributiontotheconsolidationofamoreadequateinterpretationstrategywithintheCourt.This“newstrategy”,alsoknownas“environmentalhermeneutics”,hasbeendeveloped,mainly since theConstitutionof1988, andalso contributes for thedevelopmentofenvironmentallaw,oncethatthecountry’senvironmentallegislationisoftenmiscomprehendedandunclearanditisuptotheCourtstogiveittheproperinterpretationaccordingtotheConstitution,preventingtheoccurrenceofmajorenvironmentalharms.The search for these responses has led to the inclusion of environmental protection in variousnationalconstitutionsand internationaldocumentsonhumanrights1.However, ithasalsobroughtaboutwide-reachingacademicdiscussiononthenecessityandlegitimacyoftherecognitionofarightto the environment itself2. Therefore, the status that such a right should assume remainscontroversial.Thedebateabout is areaof is importantbyexploring thebenefitsof a rights-based constitutionalapproachwithina‘radical-democratic’constitution.Itdoesnotprovideanexhaustiveanalysisoftheintersectionofhuman rights theory, constitutional lawandenvironmentalprotection;otherworkshave scrutinized such theoretical foundations. Instead, it constitutes an attempt to develop agroundedexaminationofonespecificcaseofconstitutionalizationofenvironmentalrights.ItdoessobygivinganaccountoftheconstitutionaldesignadoptedbyaLatinAmericancountry,Brazil.BrazilhasplayedaleadershiprolewithinLatinAmericabydevelopingprogressivedomesticenvironmentallawandincludingtherighttoahealthyenvironmentinthe1988Constitutionasafundamentalright.With Brazil’s rise in global influence, both for its economic performance and for the value of itsnaturalresources,itsregulatoryenvironmentalchoicesareunderscrutiny.1:EdithBrownWeiss,InFairnesstoFutureGenerations(TransnationalPublishers1989);ErnstBrandland Hartwin Bungert, ‘Constitutional entrenchment of environmental protection: A comparativeanalysisofexperiencesabroad’(1992)16(1)HarvEnvtlLRev1.2:TimHayward,‘ConstitutionalEnvironmentalRights:aCaseforPoliticalAnalysis’(2000)48PoliticalStudies558.

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TheregulationofnewTechnologiesasawaytosecureasustainableFuture:LabellingofGeneticmodifiedOrganismsinBrazilandGermany

AYALA,Dr.PatryckdeAraújo1,GONÇALVES,AnaPaulaRengel,SILVEIRA,PaulaGalbiatti3

1:FederalUniversityofMatoGrosso(UFMT).DoctorandMasterinLawbytheFederalUniversityofSanta Catarina (UFSC). General Attorney of Mato Grosso State. Cuiabá/MT, Brazil,[email protected]: Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Law Department, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil,[email protected]: Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Law Department, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil,[email protected].

TherighttoinformationisafundamentalrightontheBrazilianConstitutionof1988,regulatedbytheBrazilian Consumer Defense Code. The ethics and the risks are intrinsically related to the right toinformation,whichhavebeenalwaysasubjectforgeneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMOs).In1973,adebatebetweenscientistsstartedabouttheimpactsofGMOs.Later,in1975,occurredtheAsilomarConferenceonRecombinantDNA,where,despiteofthedifferentopinions,theresearchesdiscussedaboutmeasuresand security standards,placedonadocument, inwhich theyask for caution.Thedebate got intensified in the 80s and 90s because of the advances on biotechnology, thereforeseveralinternationaldocumentsaboutmanipulationoflivingorganismswereelaborated,suchastheConvention on Biological Diversity and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. In Brazil, the Law nº8.974/1995 was the first to regulate genetic engineering technique and genetically modifiedorganisms. The discussion heated on 1998, when the Brazilian Technic Commission of Safety(CTNBio)authorizedMonsantotocultivategeneticmodifiedsoybeans.Sincethisfirstauthorization,several events occurred. In consequence, the first law was revoked by the Law nº 11.105/2005,whichregulatesthesecurityandinspectionmechanismstotheresearchandthecommercialuseofGMOs,whoseincreasinguseshowtherelevanceoftherighttoinformationasawaytoguaranteeachoicetothesociety.TheLawnº11.105/2005providesthatthefoodandthefeedingingredientsforhumansandanimalswithGMOsshallpresentthisinformationonitslabel,whichwereregulatedbytheDecreenº4.680-2003andnº5591-2005.Thefirstoneprovidesthemandatoryneedto informtheconsumeronthe labelswhenthepresenceofGMOs isabove1%.Furthermore, it imposesthetrackingasawaytoguaranteetheappropriaterighttoinformation,indicatingtheGMOusebyfiscaldocuments, in order to inform all the steps of the process, such as transportation, storage,manufacturing and selling. That is where the problems begin: the competence of the BrazilianMinistryofAgriculture(Mapa)toinspectionissodefectedthataffectsalltheotherstepscausingthelack of the information on the labels of the final products.On the opposite side, theGerman lawprovides thepossibilityof the label indicating that the foodwasnotproducedusingGMOs (“ohneGentechnik”label).Inadvance,itisnotallowedtousealogoorashowysymbolonGMOproducts.Inconclusion,thedebateabouttheuseofGMOsisverycurrentandstillwithoutconsent.Forthatveryreason,theguaranteeoftherighttoinformationbylabellingissucharelevantsubjectonbothcountries.

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DisasterlawinBrazil:Challengesintheglobalclimatechangeera.Venâncio,MarinaDemaria

Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Law Department, Florianópolis, Brazil,[email protected]

With global climate change the occurrence of extremeweather events and disasters is becomingmorecommon.Havingthisproblematicinmind,thispaperaimstocriticallyanalysehow,inthefieldof law,weareaddressing inBrazil thequestionof the so called ‘disasters’ andwhatare themainchallengesthatthenewNationalPolicyforProtectionandCivilDefencefaces.Itiswellknownbythescientificcommunitythathumanactivitiesarepromotingunprecedentedchangesintheatmosphereandthatglobalclimatechangeisindeedoccurring.Amongstthebigfivereasonsforconcernaboutclimate change, listed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), we can find theincreasedriskofoccurrenceofextremeweatherevents,whichmaycauseseverealterations inthefunctioning of communities and societies. These alterations interact with vulnerable socialconditions, leading to adverse effects and disasters that demand adequate policies and promptemergency response.What will define whether an extreme weather event is going to become adisasterornot isthehighexposureandvulnerability levelsofthecommunitywhereithappens,aswell as the timing and other determinants. The branch of Law that studies these aspects morespecifically is calledDisaster Law and is an emerging legal academic fieldwith an interdisciplinaryapproach.InBrazil,before2012,whentheNationalPolicyforProtectionandCivilDefence(FederalLawNo12,608)wasreleasedstablishinganewlegalstructuretodisastersinBrazil’sLaw,twomajorlaws used to regulate the subject: the Decree No. 7,257 (2010) and the Federal Law No. 12,340(2010),whichonly focused their attentionon the functionof responding andattendingdisastrousevents.Thenewlegislation,ontheotherhand,gaveasystemicapproachtotheproblem,focusingonpreventativeactionsforreducingthenumberofdisasters.Nevertheless,thisnewlegalmodelstillneeds tobe fullyachievedand implemented inacountry that facesseveralpoliticalandstructuralproblems. This research began with a literature review, investigation of laws and internationaldocuments.Overall, itverifiestheapplicationoftheCriticalTheoryofWorldRiskSociety,fromthesociologistUlrichBeck,andanalysestheinternationalandBrazilianlegislationandpoliciesrelatedtodisasters, inorder to identify themainchallenges facedby themandtheirgaps,whichneedtobeimprovedinordertosecureabetterfutureforpresentandfuturegenerations.

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ThemeaningofsustainabledevelopmentinwaterlawUteMager

InstituteforGermanandEuropeanAdministrative,HeidelbergUniversity,Institutfürdeutschesundeuropäisches Verwaltungsrecht, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg Center for the Environment,Heidelberg,Germany,[email protected]

Thesubjectofthiscontribution isthe impactoftheprincipleofsustainabledevelopmentonwaterlaw. It will be shown that and how different water law concepts hinder or promote theimplementationof theprincipleof sustainabledevelopment inwater law.Differentiatingbetweensurfacewater and groundwater aswell as betweenwater quality andwater quantity issuesmorespecial expressions of the sustainable development principlewill be presented and explained: forexample the ecological flow requirement concerning surface water or the safe yield requirementconcerninggroundwater.Itwillbecomeobviousthatsustainabledevelopmentinwaterlawcanonlyberealizedbyanintegratedwatermanagementconcept.

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AnalysisofGovernancepotentialsandconstraintsfordecentralizedRuralSanitationSolutionsinRiodeJaneiro.

M.A.KristinaKreter,MSc.CandidateforInternationalMasterProgrammeEnvironmentandResourceManagement(ENREM),CologneUniversityforAppliedSciences,GermanyandAutonomous

UniversityofSanLuisPotosí(UASLP),Mexico.

1: Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics, CologneUniversity for Applied Sciences, Germany. Email: Prof. Dr. Sabine Schlueter: [email protected]:ProgramaMultidisciplinariodePosgradoenCienciasAmbientales,AutonomousUniversityofSanLuisPotosí(UASLP),Mexico.Email:Dr.LauraYanezEspinosa:[email protected]: Project INTERGRATED ECO TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES FOR A SUSTAINABLE RURAL RIO(INTECRAL) Within The Project RIO RURAL / SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN MICROWATERSHEDS.HelgaRestumHissa:[email protected]

ThegovernanceofthesanitationsectorinBrazilwasdirectedbytheLaw11.445/2007,establishingnationalguidelines forbasicsanitation,andtheLaw9.433/1997, referringtothenationalpolicyofwater resources. Both laws contain some requirements to ensure the sustainability of sanitationinvestments,butthereisapredominanceofpreventativeconceptsanddiscursiveomissions,besidesambiguousvisionswithinthesamelegislation1.Especiallyinruralandremoteareaswithlowincomepopulation, investment in installation and maintenance of water treatment and reuse facilitiesbecomeschallenging2.Ononehand, toovercome the investmentdifficulties,non-refundable stateinvestmentsarenecessaryforanoveralldevelopmentofwastewatertreatmentandreusefacilitiesin rural and remote areas. On the other hand, decentralization measures for water governancewithinthescopeofNationalWaterResourcesPolicyenforceprivatesectorparticipationinthewatersector.Therefore,newwaysofwastewatermanagementarerequired.However,mainchallengesinwastewatertreatmentandreusemanagementariseduetounclearfragmentationofresponsibilitiesand consistent distribution of federal financial resources, as well as regulatory uncertainties andcontractual irregularities,which at last hinder thequality of investments andprivate equity in thesanitationsector.ThestudyundertakenwithintheframeworkoftheINTECRAL3andtheRioRural4projectsisbasedonstakeholder analysis in the sanitation sector, legal framework analysis on federal, state (RJ) andmunicipality (NovaFriburgo) levelsaswellasonanalysisofsocio-economicconditionsofaspecificrural area (Barracão dos Mendes - Nova Friburgo). It aims to find feasible recommendations forsustainable decentralized water treatment and reuse solutions suitable to the socio-economicconditionsofruralareasofRiodeJaneiroinordertoimprovewaterqualityandachieveassociatedenvironmental,sanitaryandagriculturalbenefitsintheinvestigationarea.1: Compare: Souza, C.M.N; Freitas, C.M; Morales, L.R.S. (2007): Discursos sobre a relaçãosaneamento-saúde-ambiente na legislação: uma análise de conceitos e diretrizes EngenhariaSanitáriaeAmbiental,v.12,n.4,p.371-379.2: Prosab (2006):http://www.finep.gov.br/fundos_setoriais/acao_transversal/documentos/Texto_completo_PROSAB.PDF3:INTECRAL:http://intecral-project.web.fh-koeln.de/about-the-project4:RioRural:http://www.microbacias.rj.gov.br/

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IncompatabilitybetweentheApplicationoftheFaitAccompliTheoryandtheTransgenerationalDutytoPreserveEnvironmentalQuality

AnaMariaMoreiraMarchesan

FederalUniversityofSantaCatarina(UFSC),LawDepartment,Florianópolis/SC,Brazil;publicattorneyinlawofRioGrandedoSulState/RS;Post-graduationcourseoftheFoundationofthePublicProsecutionServiceandFederalUniversityofRioGrandedoSul(UFRGS),[email protected]

In Brazilian law, the Fait Accompli Theory originates from the 1960s in Supreme Court decisionsinvolvingsubjectsrelatedtothecivilserviceemploymentselectionprocess.Overtimethisextendedintootherdominionsoflawreachingtheenvironmentalsphere.Currently,anewtrendisemergingin SuperiorCourt of Justicedecisions to reject the applicationof this argumenton the groundsofdiverse constitutional principles and the infra-constitutional legislation.However, althoughnot yetexplicit,judgementshavebeenidentifiedinwhichthemagistratesoverrulerequestsfordemolitions,restoration and landfill removal – in other words, measures that would mean complete in siturecovery from environmental damage – under the most diverse pretexts that, after a thoroughanalysis, also couldbeplacedunder theargumentof faitaccompli. Thesedecisionsdisrespect thestatute of the environmental well-being which is of fundamental importance to the collective,connected with the right to life. They also do not combine with the guiding principles ofenvironmental laws, especially those of maximum protection of environmental quality and theintergenerational equity, both apparently disregarded when damage to the environmental well-being is supported by arguments such as, amongst others: good-faith, legality of the conduct,difficulties to undo harmful interventions, excessive burden for recovery of extreme damage andeconomic advantages arising from environmental damage which far exceed its negative impacts.Morerecently,theinfluenceoftheFaitAccompliTheoryinthelegislativeplanhasbeenverified.TheprecursorwasResolutionn.º 369/06of CONAMA (National EnvironmentCouncil)whenappraising“consolidatedoccupation”tomakethesocalled“sustainableurbanregularization”possibleinurbanareas.Thisnormativeactwhoseinfra-legalmatrixinspiredtheProvisionalMeasuren.º459/09,laterconverted into Federal Law n.º 11.977/09, creating the “My House, My Life” program. After thiscame a “new” Forest Code (Federal Law nº 12.651/12),when the concepts of “consolidated ruralarea”and“consolidatedlegalreservearea”werecreatedtoallowambientdamagesperpetratedupuntilthe22ofJuly,2008toremainuntouched,thusviolatingthemainprinciplesofenvironmentallawmentionedabove,placingatrisktheecologicalfunctionsoftheareasofpermanentpreservationandthelegalreserve,detrimentaltothequalityoflifeofpresentandfuturegenerations.Thissetoflawsthatconvertillicitactions,andevenenvironmentaldamage,into"Consolidatedsituations"arenothingmorethanalegislativeexpressionoftheFaitAccompliTheory,whoseideals,asweintendtodemonstrateinthispaper,arenotcompatiblewiththeBrazilianconstitutionalframeworkandlegalguardianshipoftheenvironment.

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Transitionofdumpsitestosanitarylandfill–AnalysisofBraziliansituationLuisaFerollaSpyerPrates1,Dr.-Ing.KlausFischer2

1:WASTEStuttgart,Germany,[email protected]:InstitutfürSiedlungswasserbau,WassergüteundAbfallwirtschaft(ISWA),Stuttgart,Germany

Thelawn°12.305of2nd ofAugust2010establishestheBrazilianNationalPolicyofSolidWaste. Itdetermines principles, objectives, instruments, aswell as guidelinesconcerningtheintegratedandenvironmentallysound solidwastemanagementsystem.Initsarticle54, itisstatedthatadequatefinaldisposalofsolidwastemustbeimplementedinallmunicipalitieswithinaperiodoffouryearsafterthepublicationofthe law (BRASIL, 2010). However, upon reaching the required deadline of

the2nd ofAugust2014,59%ofthemunicipalitiesdidnotmanagetoaccomplishtherequirementsofthe law,andhavenotdevelopedanadequatedestinationtotheirmunicipalsolidwaste(MMA,2014).Inthissense,itisurgenttounderstandanddiscussthereasonsforthehighnon-complianceoftheNational Policy of Solid Waste. An overview of the 5 Brazilian political-administrative regions ispresented.Thesituationoftheirsolidwastemanagementsystemconcerningquantityandqualityofwaste, collection, transportation,treatment,finaldisposalandrelatedadministrativeandfinancialissues are given. The difficulties and challenges faced by themunicipalities during the transitionfrom dumpsites to sanitary landfills is explored in environmental, social, political, technical andfinancialaspects.Ananalysisofhowthistransitionissupportedbythelawandits instrumentswascarriedout.Regionalalternativesto improvethesolidwastedisposalsystemarealsosuggestedinthestudy.BRASIL.MinistériodoMeioAmbiente.PolíticadeResíduosSólidosapresentaresultados em 4 anos.Available on: <http://www.mma.gov.br/informma>. Date ofaccess:31/05/2015.BRASIL. Planalto Central. Lei 12.305, de 2 de agosto de 2010. Institui a Política Nacional deResíduosSólidos;alteraaLeino9.605,de12defevereirode1998;edáoutrasprovidências.DiárioOficial [da] República Federativa do Brasil, Brasília, DF, 3 ago. 2010 Available on:<http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2010/lei/l12305.htm>.Dateofaccess:31/05/2015.

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RuralWasteDilemmainChina:Law,PoliciesanditseffectTuYinan

ChinaUniversityofGeosciences,SchoolofPublicAdministration,Wuhan,P.R.China,[email protected]

Ruralareaconsists60%ofChineseterritoryandliveshalfofChinesepopulation.Theruralpopulationhascomparativelowpersonalincome.Thevastareaandlimitedfinancialcapabilitybringschallengetoruralwastetreatment.RuralwasteinChinamainlyconsistsofbiodegradable,recyclablesolidandliquid waste. Now most of them are still processed by open dumping and burning. Chineseenvironmental law and financial resources are focus on urban area. This is andwill cause seriousenvironmentalandhygeianproblems.On rural waste treatment, Chinese national legislation sets reduce, recycle, environmental soundtreatment (3R) and polluter pays principles. But there are no national laws and implementationmeasures specific focus on it. Provincial congresses are delegated the power to draft their ownregulation,which isseldomdone.Currentcentralresponsibleadministrativesystemis fragmented.Hazardous, E-waste, recyclable waste are under different jurisdictions, which is hard to conductunified and effective movement. Without clear responsibilities and funding, local administrativeauthoritiesdonothavemotivationtosolvetheproblem.Ruralcommunitieslackpublicserviceandeconomiccapacitytodealwithit.UsingempiricaldatainHubeiProvince,theauthorwillworkonpossiblelegalandfiscalmeasuresonwaste treatment regulation system, such as fees, punitive measures and incentives, subsidy andpublicinvestmentoncollection,separation,recyclingandbiomassindustry.Andtheauthorwillbringpracticallegislationsuggestionstonationalandlocallegislationauthorities.

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Environmentaljusticeandwastemanagement:atransboundaryandtransdisciplinaryanalysis.KamilaGuimarãesdeMoraes

Federal University of Santa Catarina, Postgraduate Program in Law, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil,[email protected]

Thematerialreproductionofhumanityhastwofundamentalaspects:sourcesandwasteproduction.Sourcesaretheterrestrialstocksofmatterandenergy,whicharelimited,andthesolarflux.Waste,on the other hand, is the outcome of the economic process that causes several forms ofenvironmentaldamage.Thecurrenteconomicmodelofgrowthsetshighstandardsofconsumptionand production, disregarding that the production process is an open subsystemworking within aclosedsystem:thebiosphere.Asaconsequenceofthat,matterandenergy lost inthisprocessarereceivedandaccumulatedinthebiosphere.Therefore,suchpatternsofconsumptionandproductioncanbeconsideredanimportantcauseoftheenvironmentalcrises,composed,amongothers,forthewastecrises.However,itisclearthataswellastheenvironmentalcrisisitself,thewastecrisisaffectspeopleandcountriesdifferently.Factorssuchaseconomicpower,raceand"level"ofdevelopmentinfluenceonhow the waste problem impact different populations. An example of this are the cases of illegalexport of waste from northern countries to southern countries, causing serious social andenvironmental problems in host countries. Furthermore, within countries, among otherconsequences, usually the final disposal of waste occurs in areas of poor, black andmarginalizedpopulations. This is precisely the perspective adopted by the environmental justice theory, whichverifies themainstreamingof social problems andenvironmental issues, theirmutual interferenceandinterconnections.Thereby, themain objective of this research is to analyze comparatively the impact of thewastepolicyanditslegislationinadevelopedcountryinthenorth,anddothesamereviewinadevelopingsoutherncountry(Brazil)fromtheenvironmentaljusticepointofview.Thestudyintendstoperformthis analysis between the countries and inside each country, verifyinghow waste policies andlegislation affect people in different ways. For this purpose, will be used Brazilian and foreignliterature,internationaldocuments,nationalpolicies,standardsandregulations.Furthermore,itwillhaveaninterdisciplinaryapproach,asthissubjectneedstobeanalyzedbydifferentperspectives,astheeconomic,socialandlegal,alwaysconsideringthebiophysicallimitsoftheEarthandtheconceptofenvironmentaljustice,whichtakesintoaccounttheinteractionbetweenenvironmentandhumansocieties.

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PosterPresentations

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ComparativeevaluationbetweenBrazilianandGermanproceduresregardingpermissiontodischargewastewatersinrivers

Wessling,C.S.1;Neuffer,D.2

1: Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), PPGMAUI - Programa de Pós-Graduação em MeioAmbienteUrbanoeIndustrial,Curitiba,Brazil,[email protected]: University of Stuttgart, Institute for Sanitary Engineering Water Quality and Solid WasteManagement(ISWA),Stuttgart,Germany,[email protected]

The permission to use water resources is one of themanagement tools provided in the Brazilianlegislationthataimstoensurethequantitativeandqualitativecontrolofwateruseandtheeffectiveexercise of rights of access to water (BRASIL, 1997) and, thus contribute to the rational andintegrated use of water resources for sustainable development. The permission to dischargewastewatersisthemodethatisintendedtopreventwatershortagesinqualityandpossibleconflictsformanydifferentuses,especiallyinthecontextofsurfacewater(rivers),whicharesovulnerabletopollutionandcontamination,duetospecificwastewaterdischargesordiffuse.IntheBrazilianstatecalled Paraná the application of this permission is still challenging, even this kind of permissionregulatedfor14years,it isanemergingareainpracticeandoccurs,actually,withsomelimitationsandflexibilities.Forthisreason,knowncasesthathaveachievedgoodresultsasitsimplementation,reflectingonthepreventionofpollution,preservationandrestorationofnaturalriverwaters,itisapossible reference to theParanáenhanceyour technical analysis andmakingdecisions concerningwiththismanagementtool.Thus,theParanáwascomparedwithLandkreisLudwigsburg’s(situatedinthestateofBaden-Württemberg,Germany)proceduresforpermissiontodischargewastewatersuntil March 2011, through extensive research of Brazilian and German laws of water resources,professional experience stage and the permission authorities of these local. The practice ofpermission to discharge wastewaters occurs at this location for over 50 years and controls allreleasesofspecificanddirectwastewaters inexistingrivers inthisregion. Inthisregiontherivers’waterqualityranksfrommoderatelypollutedtoclean(LANDKREISLUDWIGSBURG,2015),whichmaybetheresultofanefficientpracticeofthispermissionassociatedwithotheractionsrelatedtothemanagementoccurringinthisregion.SothisGermanexperiencecanbeareferencetoimprovethetechnical analysis and decisions regarding permission to discharge wastewaters in Paraná and beseenasonewaytoimproveandpreservetheParanárivers’waterquality.Thatwillonlybepossibleif more active participation at the political level/state government, technically and physicallyrestructuring themanagementbodyofParanáwater resources, inorder tomeetmore thoroughlyand satisfactorily the great demand for permission of administrative procedures for dischargewastewaters. Some examples of this German experience and what kind of effects in Paraná’spermissionwillbepresented inposter.Wewould like toacknowledge the financial supportof theDAADforrealizationofthesestudies. BRASIL. Lei Nº 9.433, de 08 de janeiro de 1997. Institui a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos.DiárioOficial[da]RepúblicaFederativadoBrasil,09jan.1997.LANDKREIS LUDWIGSBURG. Übersichtskarte Gewässergüte. Disponível em: <http://www.landkreis-ludwigsburg.de>.Acessin:09fev.2015.

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Session08:Economy

Convener:M.Weichert1,Prof.Dr.U.A.Glasmacher2

1:GermanHouseofScienceandInnovation–SãoPaulo(DWIH-SP),SaoPaulo,Brazil2:InstituteofEarthSciences,HeidelbergCenterfortheEnvironment,HeidelbergUniversity,

Heidelberg,Germany

The session seeks for contributions that cover the sustainability in economy in the sense of thedescription of the business directory (www.businessdictionary.com/definition/ economic-sustainability.html):“Theuseofvariousstrategies foremployingexisting resourcesoptimallyso thata responsibleandbeneficial balance can be achieved over the longer term. Within a business context, economicsustainability involves using the assorted assets of the company efficiently to allow it to continuefunctioning profitability over time”. Sustainable Economy is often called New Economy. Anotherdescriptionisprovidedbythewebpagewww.sustainable.org:“Thegoalofcommunitysustainabilityis to establish local economies that are economically viable, environmentally sound and sociallyresponsible. Achieving this goal requires participation from all sectors of the community, both todetermine community needs and to identify and implement innovative and appropriate solutions.This section presents information from a variety of sources on approaches and techniques usedsuccessfully in different communities to develop key aspects of their local economies on asustainablebasis”.

KeynoteLecture:Prof.Dr.AnthonySFChiu,IndustrialSystemEngineering,DeLaSalleUniversity,Manila,Philippines

Prof.Dr.SitaVanka,SchoolofManagement,UniversityofHyderabad,Hyderabad,India

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OralPresentations

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GreenIndustryInitiativesinAsiaPacificthroughEco-IndustrialDevelopmentandRECP

AnthonySFChiu

JMReyesChair, IndustrialandMechanicalEngineering,DeLaSalleUniversity -Manila,Philippines,[email protected]

Forty-five (45) Asia Pacific (AP) economies jointly requested the United Nations IndustrialDevelopmentOrganization (UNIDO) to organize a platform for greening the industry in 2009. ThePhilippinegovernmenthostedthisministerialsummitinManilaonSeptember9-11,2009;andledtothe signing of theManila Declaration on Green Industry. Some forty (40) experts in this Summitstayedontoparticipateinaback-to-backUNEP-UNESCAPSustainableDevelopmentexpertmeetingatYuchengcoHall,DeLaSalleUniversityonSeptember12,2009,chairedbytheauthor.TheGreenIndustryDeclarationaimstoattaingreenindustryinitiativesandgreeningexistingindustriesthroughvarioushighimpactsustainableproductionstrategies,amongtheseareeco-industrialdevelopment(EID), resource efficient and cleaner production (RECP), and greening of supply chain (GSC).Technological programs cannot happen in vacuum; the programsneed enabling factors, especiallythegreenindustrypoliciesatbothnationalandlocallevels.This presentation will review some current policy updates in selected Asia Pacific and ASEANeconomies.Thispresentationalsoattempts todescribehowsuccessfulEID initiatives incertainAPeconomiescanbebenchmarkedinotherdevelopingASEANeconomies,andwhataretheup-scalingoptions throughproximityparameter and value chain criteria. Furthermore, asGreen Industryhasevolved to Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialization (ISI) scheme at the 2013 Lima Declaration;various elements introduced earlier present strong evidence to leapfrog current industrialperformancetowardsatriple-bottom-lineorientedSustainableDevelopmentGoal(SDG).

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CapacityBuilding–ASustainableApproachforContinuingEducationofWomeninIndianBusinesses

Dr.SitaVanka

SchoolofManagementStudies,UniversityofHyderabad,Hyderabad,India,[email protected],[email protected]

Ithasbeenestablishedintherecentpastthatcapacitybuildingiscentraltothequestforsustainabledevelopment.IfthesocietyplanstorealizethegoalsofAgenda21,whichwerestronglyreaffirmedat the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), the ability of regional organizations,national governments and civil society to address the principal challenges of sustainabledevelopment must be reinforced. Capacity building has therefore become a key aim of technicalassistanceprovidedbytheUnitedNationssystem.Therehasbeenaclearshiftintheconcept–fromamerecomponentorby-productofdevelopmentprogramstoaprincipalandexplicitpriorityofallUNactivities. Chapter37ofAgenda21clearly focusseson thenatureand importanceof capacitybuilding.ItisthekeytotheAgenda’ssuccessfulimplementation.Withoutthenecessarycapacity,itwould be difficult for the developing countries to identify and solve their own developmentproblems. These countries need assistance to acquire the necessary skills and institutionalinfrastructure.Itisherethattheneedisfeltforagenciesatboththenationalandinternationallevelto offer capacity building to themen andwomen across theworld. This is all themore truewithwomen,who because ofmany cultural factors, need skill development and capacity building of adifferentkindcomparedtomen.More specifically,capacitybuildingtorunandsustainbusinessesbywomeninadevelopingcontext,figureinthisforavarietyofreasons.Indiaisnoexceptiontothisfact.Againstthisbackground,anattemptwouldbemadetohighlighttheimpactofcapacitybuildingonwomen inrunningbusinessestowardsasustainablefuture.Morespecifically, thenature,modeandmethod,durationof capacitybuildingalongwith theopinionsandperceptionsof200womenwouldbeanalyzedanddiscussed inanempiricaldesign in the Indian context.Overall, ithasbeenagreedbywomenthatcapacitybuildingleadstosharpeningoftheskillsetsandeducatingthemonthenuancesofbusiness,thus,ensuringasustainablefutureforboththeirbusinessinparticularandthesocietyingeneral.

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InteractionbetweensocialandnaturalcapitalstocksintheStateofSaoPaulo,Brazil.

Bernardes,E.M.1,Ambrósio,L.A.2

1:UNESP-UnivEstadualPaulista,CampusdeDracena,Dracena-SP,BrazilEmail:[email protected]:CAPTA–BovinodeLeite,InstitutodeZootecnia,NovaOdessa-SP,Brazil

Brazilmadehuge investments inphysical capitalwhen interest rateswere low in the internationalmarket(inthe1960’sand1970’s)andgavelittleattentiontootherkindsofcapitalinvestments.Thesituation was aggravated because Brazil had a non-democratic government at the time. Putnam(1993)andSen(2000) indicatedthatthiskindofgovernmentdiminishessocialcapitalandreducesthe rateofdevelopment.Despiteheavy investments inphysical capital, some regions, even in theStateofSaoPaulo,didnotdevelopasexpected.Literatureaboutdevelopmenthasenlargedsinceithaveemphasizedsocialcapitalandsustainabilityofthenaturalcapital.Differentdimensionofsocialcapital was included in the discussion (LI et al, 2003; SABATINI, 2009), and interactions betweensocial and financial capitals. Thepresentwork analyzes interactionsbetween capital stocks, in theState of Sao Paulo, Brazil. By hypothesis, in this exploratory empirical study, interactions betweencapitalstockswouldexplainthepercapitaincome.Thespecificgoalwastoanalyzethesignificancebetween social and natural capitals to explain income. There are different income groups in SãoPauloState,statisticallyspeaking.Itwasanalyzedthegroup(425municipalities)thathadpresented,accordingtoSãoPaulo(1999), incomeindex lowerthan0.93.ApreviousanalysishaveusedFactorAnalysis by thePrincipalComponentsMethod.Resultsdisplayeddifferences in the compositionofthe stocks of capital between income groups of counties. From resulted factors, obtained in suchprevious analysis – inwhich original variables represent stocks – interactions among factorswerecalculated. The variables more strongly correlated to each factor multiplies the factor scorecoefficient.Thesumofeachproductisanewvariablethatmultiplieseachoneofthenewvariables.Such interactionswere explanatory variables of the income index in themultiple linear regressionanalysis.Resultscorroboratedthehypothesis.Interactionsbetweenthesetwocapitalsaresignificantforexplainingthepercapitaincome.ReferencesLi, Y.; Pickles, A.; Savage, M. Conceptualizing And Measuring Social Capital: A New Approach_.Manchester: Centre For Census And Survey Research/ Department Of Sociology/ ManchesterUniversity,2003.29p.(PaperForBhps,2003).Putnam, R.D. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions In Modern Italy. Princeton: PrincetonUniversityPress,1993.258p.Sabatini,F.SocialCapitalAsSocialNetworks:ANewFrameworkForMeasurementAndAnEmpiricalAnalysisOf ItsDeterminantsAndConsequence. JournalOf Socio-Economics38 (3), 429-442, 2009.[S.I.]SãoPaulo(Estado)SecretariaDeEconomiaEPlanejamento.DesenvolvimentoHumanoNoEstadoDeSãoPaulo.SãoPaulo,1999,57p.

Sen,A.Desenvolvimentocomoliberdade.SãoPaulo:CompanhiadasLetras,2000.409p.

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ScienceandBusiness:HowdoestheDWIH-SPbringthemtogether?MarcioWeichert

GermanHouseofScienceandInnovation–SãoPaulo(DWIH-SP),SaoPaulo,Brazil

TobringresearchersandbusinessmentogetherisoneoftheaimsofourworkattheGermanHouseofScienceandInnovationinSãoPaulo(DWIH-SP).Thisisnecessaryinordertopromotecollaborativeresearch projects or transfer knowledge and technology to companies, thus contributing forinnovation.This lecture will show examples of the DWIH-SP or other supported initiatives with the above-mentionedaim.Oneofthemhasbecomeasuccessstory:ajoint-venturebetweenacompanyfromRiodeJaneiroandaresearchinstitutionfromBavaria.Thepresentationwill finishwith informationabout thenewBrazilianprogram"Innovate inBrasil",whichaimstoencouragetheinstallationofR&Dcentersinthecountry.ThisisanewopportunityforGermanresearcherstoworkwithindustryinBrazil,inordertotransferknowledgeandtechnology.

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PosterPresentations

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ComparisonbetweentheGerman’sandtheBrazilian’slawsforrenewableenergyandthepossibilitiesofimprovementsinBrazil

Ferreira,C.R.1,Neuffer,D.2,Feilstrecker,M.3

1: FederalUniversity of Paraná (UFPR), ProgramadePós-Graduação emMeioAmbienteUrbano eIndustrial (PPGMAUI), Department of Chemical Engineering, Curitiba, Brazil,[email protected]: University of Stuttgart, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid WasteManagement(ISWA),Stuttgart,Germany,[email protected]:ServiçodeAprendizagemIndustrialdoParaná(SENAI-PR),Curitiba,Brazil

Inrecentyears,manycountrieshavetriedtoincreasetheshareofrenewableenergyintheirelectricmatrix, including Germany and Brazil (2). In one hand, the share of renewable energies increasedsubstantially inGermanyfrom3,4%in1990to25,4%in2013 (1),mainlyduetosupportivepolicies,suchastheLawofRenewableEnergySupply(Stromeinspeisegesetz)andlatertheRenewableEnergyLaw(ErneuerbareEnergien-GesetzorEEG)(3).Intheother,theelectricityinBrazilisalreadyprovidedpredominantly for renewable sources, however the consumption of non-renewable fuels hasincreasedgradually(4).Inordertomaintaintheshareofrenewableenergyinitsenergymatrix,Brazilis trying topromoterenewablesources,with thecreationof laws toencourageenergyproductionfromthese sources (5), anexample is theFederal Law10.438/2002. In this context, theaimof thispaperwastocomparetheGerman’sandBrazilian’s lawsregardingtotheuseofrenewableenergyandtosuggestimprovementstotheBraziliansystem.ThecomparisonshowedthateventhoughtheBrazilianlawhadbeeninspiredintheGermanlaw,theresultsobtainedforbothcountrieswiththeirpolicies are not comparable, probably due to the great social, economic and cultural differences.Thus, the Brazilian legislation needs to be revised, contemplating new variables, for example, theintegrationof itstargetstothecurrentrealityofthecountry,thecreationof incentivesforcleanerproductionanditisalsonecessaryapoliticalsupporttomakethelegislationsuccessful.WewouldliketoacknowledgethefinancialsupportoftheDAAD.(1) Arbeitsgruppe Erneuerbare Energie – Statistik (Agee Stat). Erneuerbare Energien im Jahr 2013.Berlin,2014.(2)Hahn,H.; Kremer,B.K.;Hartmann,K.;Wachendorf,M.Reviewof concepts for ademand-drivenbiogassupplyforflexiblepowergeneration.RenewableandSustainableEnergyReviews,n°29,383–393,2014.(3) Miranda, V.S.P. A Lei Alemã de Fontes Renováveis de Energia em Confronto com a ResoluçãoNormativanº482/2012daAneel.Desenvolvimentosustentável.RiodeJaneiro:EMERJ,2013.(4) Pereira,M.G., Camacho, C.F., Freitas,M.A.V., Silva,N.F. The renewable energymarket inBrazil:Currentstatusandpotential.RenewableandSustainableEnergyReviews,nº16,p.3786–3802,2012.(5)PereiraJr,A.O.;Costa,R.C.;Costa,C.V.;Marreco,J.M.;Larovere,E.L.PerspectivesfortheexpansionofnewrenewableenergysourcesinBrazil.RenewableandSustainableEnergyReviews,n°23,p.49–59,2013.

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EconomicandenvironmentalsustainabilityofsmallmunicipalitiesaidedbytheFederalUniversityofMatoGrossodoSulusinggeotechnologies

Schlichting,AF1;Oliveira,APG2;Cândido,AKAA2;Mioto,CL2;Melotto,AM3;ParanhosFilho,AC2

1:FederalUniversityofMatoGrosso,Cuiabá,Brazil,[email protected]:FederalUniversityofMatoGrossodoSul,CampoGrande,Brazil3:MS Foundation for Research and Agricultural Technology Diffusion,MatoGrosso do Sul States,Brazil

The Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) through its technological and intellectualframework has contributed to the environmental, economic and social planning of some smallmunicipalities in the stateofMatoGrossodoSul, assisting them inobtainingdetailed informationwhich is essential to their sustainable development. The GIS Laboratory for EnvironmentalApplicationsofUFMSassistsmunicipalitiesthroughtechnicalcooperationagreements–withouttheinvolvementoffinancialresourcesforanyofthepartiesinvolved.TheprojectaimedtocontributetoeconomicandenvironmentalmanagementofmunicipalitiesofSãoGabrieldoOesteandParaísodasÁguas, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, assisting them in their territorial, environmental andeconomicplanning.Theprojectlastedfiveyears,endingin2014.Duringthisperiodwasperformedseveralvisitstothefield,wherethereweregatheredcommunityneedsofeachlocality.Itwasusedsatellite images of high and medium spatial resolution as well as free Geographic InformationSystems (GIS). The generated products were:maps of land use and occupation, agricultural land,permanent preservation areas, legal reserves, biodiversity corridors, aquifer vulnerability, erosionand soil loss, sites for the sewage treatment plant facility and sanitary landfills. All informationgeneratedhavebeenmadeavailabletothemanagersandthetechnicalpeopleofthemunicipalitieswith suggestions for possible economic, environmental and social improvements. In addition, theuniversity has trainedmunicipal technicians for themanagement and expansion of the developedGISbases.Withthis,bothmunicipalitieshavesavedresourcestoobtainsuchinformation.Thisisaway of UFMS to return to the society the values invested and better enable their students,experiencing applied situations. At the end of the survey, therewas an event in each location toinform thepublic about the results. Tracking thedevelopmentof thesemunicipalitiesby the localcommunitydemonstratestheimportanceofthisworkhasbeencarriedout.

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ComparativeAnalysisofRewardSanctionInstrumentsandtheirApplicationinBrazilandGermany

Schoenberger,C.1;Neuffer,D.2

1: Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), PPGMAUI - Programa de Pós-Graduação em MeioAmbienteUrbanoeIndustrial,Curitiba,Brasil,[email protected]: University of Stuttgart, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid WasteManagement,Stuttgart,Germany,[email protected]

Thepresentworkfocusontherewardingsanction,wherethecleandevelopmentisstimulated,andconducts studies about the fiscal-economic incentives and compensation, resulting from theenvironmentalserviceprovision,carriedbythesecondaryandtertiarysectorsoftheeconomy.Therewardsanctionischaracterizedbystimulatingtheeconomicagentstotakeenvironmentallycorrectbehaviorinordertoattainahighlevel intheenvironmentalpolicyofthecountry(AMARAL,2008).How reward sanction instruments have environmental premial penalty, tax incentives, tax andextrafiscal nature and payment for environmental services. Environmental reward sanctionstimulates not aggressive activities to the environment, rewarding the agents and the community(AMARAL, 2008). Through taxation and taxes, there obtaining financial resources to fund stateactivities.Byextrafiscalityincentivesaredeterminedbyimmunities,exemptionsortaxdisincentives(RIBEIRO,2006),withtheobjectiveofachievesustainabledevelopmentandsocialwelfare.Paymentforenvironmentalservicesischaracterizedbyeconomiccompensationforthosemakingecosystemmanagement actions that will improve the environmental services they provide. The companiesanalyzed have interest in environmental protection by reducing emissions, saving water orperforming environmental services. In Brazil's environmental policy is still modest compared toGermany.ThereisagreatdemandforBraziliancompaniesastheneedtoapplythesanctionpremialinstruments, while German companies are already using these demonstrated benefits for theenvironment.TheGermanexperienceshowsthatitispossibletoapplyrewardsanctioninstrumentstochangetheparadigmsandthecompany'srevenues,butit isevenmorenecessaryinvestmentofpublicpower, as companies cannotaffordalonewith the responsabilityofmaintainingabalancedenvironment.WewouldliketoacknowledgethefinancialsupportoftheDAAD.Amaral.P.H.TributaçãoAmbiental.ContributoÀPolíticaDeDesenvolvimentoSustentávelNoBrasil.DoutrinasEssenciais.DireitoAmbiental.TutelaDoMeioAmbiente.Vol Iv.N.60.SãoPaulo:RevistaDosTribunais:2011.P1343-1370.Ribeiro,M. F. As concessões de incentivos fiscais ambientais e o princípio da igualdade tributária.Trabalho publicado nos Anaisdo XV Congresso Nacional do Conpedi. 15-18 nov. 2006. ISBN9788587995803.Manaus,2006.

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Session09:Politics,SocialAction

Convener:Prof.Dr.J.TosunProf.Dr.M.VieiraLisboa

1:InstituteofPoliticalScience,HeidelbergCenteroftheEnvironment,HeidelbergUniversity,Germany

2:FaculdadedeCiênciasSociais,PontifíciaUniversidadeCatólicadeSãoPaulo,SãoPaulo,Brazil

How do political actors address the issue of sustainable development? What is the role ofsupranationalandinternationalactorsinsustainabilitypolitics?Thesearetwoexemplaryquestions,whichwillbeaddressedinthissession.

KeynoteLecture:Prof.MarijaneVieiraLisboa,FaculdadedeCiênciasSociais,PontifíciaUniversidadeCatólicadeSão

Paulo,SãoPaulo,Brazil

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OralPresentations

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Extraordinaryevents,policychangeandcitizens’trustJaleTosun

InstituteofPoliticalScience,HeidelbergUniversity,[email protected]

How do extraordinary events exert an influence on parties and their policy preferences? How doinstancesofradicalpolicychangeinfluencethetrustofcitizensinpoliticalinstitutions?Thesearetheresearch questions I will address in this talk that brings together theoretical considerations withempirical illustrations. Theoretically, I will draw on the literature on causes and consequences ofpolicy change.Whilewehave a sufficiently goodunderstandingofwhat drives instances of policychange, less is known about how radical changes in policy-makers’ positions on issues affectscitizens’trust.Therefore,thissecondaspectwilllieattheheartofthetalk.Empirically,Iwillillustratethe causes and consequences of energy policy change by drawing on the example of theGermanstate of Hesse. Immediately after the Fukushima incident the Prime Minister of Hesse, VolkerBouffier,gatheredanenergysummitinanattempttoprepareaU-turninthestate’senergypolicy.Whilepreviouslyopposingthephase-outofnuclearpowerandthepromotionofrenewableenergy,theexogenousshockoftheFukushimaincidentinducedthestategovernmenttobecomeanardentsupporter of renewable energy production. This decision had important consequences for partycompetitioninthestateofHesseandcanbeseenasadecisivefactorfortheformationofacoalitiongovernmentoftheChristianDemocratsandtheGreensin2013–thefirstevergovernmentcoalitionof this kind in Germany at the state level. However, with the new green agenda of the ChristianDemocrats some voters feel alienated from this party and engage in local protests against windpowerprojects.While theempirical illustrationprimarily drawsonGermany, the consequencesofradical policy change for citizens’ trust in political institutions will also be discussed for the LatinAmericancase.

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ChangingClimates:debatearoundclimatechangeinBrazilianandGermannewsmedia

MarcusMüller1,CarmenDayrell2,JohnUrry3

1:TechnischeUniversitätDarmstadt,DepartmentofLanguageandLiterature,Darmstadt,Germany,[email protected]: Lancaster University, Centre for Corpus Approaches to Social Science (CASS), Lancaster, UK,[email protected]:LancasterUniversity,DepartmentofSociology,Lancaster,UK,[email protected]

ThispaperexamineshowsocietyandmediacoverageinteractwithintheclimatechangecontextinBrazilandGermany.RecentsurveyevidenceshowsthatBraziliansandGermansarefairlysensitivetoenvironmental issues, with a high level of concern about climate change (PEW 2010). Despitesignificant measures to curb emissions, Brazil and Germany still figure as major emitters ofgreenhousegases.Thekey issuehere is that society is central tohighcarbon lives;moving fromahigh- to a low-energy economy involves changing social practices (Urry 2011:3-4). As discourseinteractswithsocialpractices,itmaypotentiallyenable–orimpede–thechangesofsocialpracticesthatwouldbenecessarytodealwiththeproblem.Thisstudyexamineshowclimatechangehasbeenframed and responded to in Brazil and Germany, as expressed bymajor newspapers within eachsociety between 2003 and 2013.Our purpose is to investigate towhat extent, and inwhatways,public opinion is consistent with media debate, paying special attention to discourses aroundconflicting positions. To this end, we combine critical discourse analysis with corpus linguisticsmethods, addressing data on an unprecedented scale in this research field. The Brazilian datasetcontains19,135(10.8millionwords)textsmakingreferencetoclimatechange/globalwarming.TheGerman corpus contains about40millionwords.Overall Brazilianmainstreammedia adoptedandmobiliseda 'gradualist'discourse (Urry2011),asbest representedby the IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange (IPCC)Reports. Strikinglyhigharementionsofkey socialactors suchasYvodeBoer, Rajendra Pachauri, Al Gore, Marina Silva and Carlos Minc as well as the various BrazilianscientistswhoaremembersoftheIPCC(intheBraziliandataset).InGermanmediadiscoursemuchmore(critical)attentionispaidtoclimatechangescepticslikee.g.RichardLintzen.Bycontrast,muchmedia debate in Brazil is organised explicitly or implicitly around how to dealwith the ‘reality’ ofclimatechangewhile climate scepticismwasalmostnon-existent. Inour investigationwe focusonthe cultural differences in organizingmedia discourse around the key social actors. This studywillprovide us with a better understanding of society’s perception of climate change issues and willhopefullycontributetothedevelopmentofeffectivepolicies.ReferencesPEW.(2010)PewGlobalAttitudesReport.Obamamorepopularabroadthanathome,globalimageof U.S. continues to benefit. Muslim disappointment. Available at:http://www.pewglobal.org/2010/06/17/obama-more-popular-abroad-than-at-home/Urry,J.(2011).ClimateChangeandSociety.Cambridge:PolityPress.

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HowNationalInstitutionalSettingscanfosterSustainableDevelopmentandaClimateProtectionScenario:InsightsfromBrazil.

VieiradoNascimento,D.

Klima CampusHamburg / CliSAP, Faculty of Business Economics and Social Sciences, University ofHamburg,Hamburg,Germany,[email protected]

BioethanolsectorinBrazilisseenasapathtowardsreductionofCO2emissionsandenergysecurityinthecountry.ThishasledBraziltoincreaseinvestmentsinbiofuelsandinflex-fuelvehicles(FFV).The study is based on the assumption that FFVs in Brazil have an important role in the country’ssustainable development and decarbonisation strategies as a result, among other factors, of thenational institutionalsettingsustainabilitypolitics.Defendersofbiofuelssupportthe industryasanoption for the transportation sector to mitigate within the wider climate change agenda (UNEP,2009) but before these debates aboutGHG emissions and its influence on climate disorders haveemerged,Brazilhadalreadystartedusingitspotentialfordevelopingabiofuelsector.RegardlessofthefactthatinBrazilenergysecurityandalternativestothenationalsugarindustrywerethemostimportanttriggersforthedevelopmentofabiofuelmarket,mitigatingclimatechangeis infactthemajordriverbehindbiofuelsupportworldwide(UNEP,2009).TakingtheenergysysteminBrazilasan example, the sub-sectors that contribute the most to emissions are transport (45% in 2011,despite large consumption of biofuels) and industry (31%) (IEA, 2013). This substantial share ofemissions from transportation within the energy sector justifies and reinforces the country’smitigation initiatives in the transport segment.This figureproves that the increaseduseofprivatecars, congestion inmostand largeurbancentres,and lackof infrastructure inmass transportationsystems have a significant impact on the country’s transportation emissions profile. However, thegrowinguseofflex-fuelvehiclesbyconsumerswhichpermitstheexchangeofgasolineforbioethanolarealreadyhavingapositiveimpactonthesefigures,andare“expectedtostabilizeGHGemissionsfrom light-duty vehicles oven the next 25 years” (ESMAP, 2010: 14). Debates amongenvironmentalists,policymakers,scientistsandsocietyat largeraisethenecessityofasustainablecarbut thebig concern is that “while therearemany substitutes foroil in theheatingandpowersectors,thisisnotthecaseinthetransportationsector”(Leeatal.,2008:3).Althoughtheinternalsingle fuel combustion engine is the dominating motor found in vehicles all over the world(conventionalfossil-fuelledcombustionenginesandgasolinepoweredvehiclesdominatetheglobalcarmarket), the Brazilian bioethanol-gasolinemix FFV technology, that dominates the automobileindustryinBrazil,istheonlycurrentsignificantalternativetothat.Inlightoftheabovecontext,whatthe national influences behind the development of the flex-fuel vehicle technology in Brazil arestandsoutasaninterestingquestion. ESMAP – Energy SectorManagement Assistance Program (2010):Brazil Low Carbon Country CaseStudy.RetrievedinJanuary2015fromwww.esmap.orgIEA–InternationalEnergyAgency(2013):CO2EmissionsfromFuelCombustionHighlights.Lee, H.; Clark, W. C.; Devereaux, C. (2008): Biofuels and Sustainable Development: Report of anExecutiveSessionontheGrandChallengesofaSustainabilityTransition.In:CenterforInternationalDevelopmentatHarvardUniversity–CIDWorkingPaper174,pp.1-15.UNEP–UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(2009):TowardsSustainableProductionandUseofResources:AssessingBiofuels.

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Biofuels:insightsfromBrazilandGermanydeAlmeida,FHR

Institute of Political Science, School of Economics and Social Sciences at Universität Hamburg,Germany,[email protected]

Biofuels have gained importance as an energy source by the end of the XXI century. This holdsespeciallytrueforBrazilandtheUnitedStates,notonlyduetoitsuseasarenewableenergysourcebut also from the prospects of energy security and its alleged environmental benefits. In theEuropeanUnion,whereGermanyisinstitutionallyinserted,biofuelpolicieshaveopenlystressedthestrict perception of an environmental action to counter-balance air pollution and ultimately toaddress climate change. This paper provides a brief overview of both countries biofuel policies,followed by some insights with general data, projections and institutional accounts of theseexperiences,drawinglessonsfromtheirsimilarities,disparities,advantagesanddrawbacks.Thetopicis thenbroughttothe internationalarena, that is, insertedwithin internationalnorms,governanceprocessesandcountries'contemporarydilemmatoassureenergysourceswhileprotectingcommongoods.This isexemplifiedthroughtheparadoxofenergyvs.foodsecurity intheBraziliancaseandfossilfuelvs.renewableenergyintheGermanone.Itisfinallyconcludedthatbothcountriesprovidepragmatic policy examples with their experiences and foster debates worldwide. Nevertheless,literature points out to a great need of governance instances to address issues of accountability,equability,legitimacyandsustainability.

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RenewableenergiesandimprovementoflivingstandardsinruralareasofCeará-Brazil:challengesandopportunitiesFrançois,DE1,Poganietz,WR1,LeãoRPS2,AntunesFLM2,

1: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis,Karlsruhe,Germany,[email protected]:FederalUniversityofCeará,DepartmentofElectricalEngineering,Fortaleza,Brazil

Aproductiveuseofenergymayprovidedirectandindirectbenefitsonlivingstandardsandpovertymitigationinruralareas.Directbenefitsarerelatedtotheuseofenergytocreategoodsandincreaseincomegeneration,whereas the indirectbenefits areassociatedwith impacts thatenergy servicesmayhaveoneducation,healthcare,genderequalityandenvironment(Cabraaletal.2005).Consideringthateachregionhasspecificcharacteristicsregardingcultural,political,social,economicand environmental aspects, there are challenges that should be addressed case by case, so thatenergy may enhance living standards. Therefore, in technology assessment, energy planning is acomplex task that goes beyond the selection of a technology to be trusted and should integrateparticularaspectsandthelocalprofileofaregionanalysed(Chernietal.2007).Inthisstudy,wewillpresentchallengesandopportunitiesforrenewableenergiestoimprovelivingstandards and mitigate poverty in rural areas of the Brazilian state of Ceará, which has a largepotentialforenergyproductionbasedonsolarandwind,whilemostof itsruralpopulation lives inpoverty.ThedatacollectionwascomprisedofliteratureresearchandafieldworkcampaignthattookplaceinCearáfromMarchtoApril2015.Duringthecampaign,semi-structuredinterviewswithopen-endedquestionswereconductedwithstakeholdersinvolvedintheenergyandrural-developmentsectors.Additionally,somerelatedprojectsinruralcommunitieswerevisitedandaroundtablewascarriedout with stakeholders to promote a debate regarding renewable energy technologies and theircontributiontoenhancelivingstandardsandmitigatepovertyinruralareas.InitialresultsindicatedthatelectricityaccesstoattendbasicneedsisnotaprobleminruralareasofCeará, since the state has universalized electricity access. Currently, an open question is tounderstandhow this energy is being used. In addition, itwas identified that the use of unhealthymeans of cooking – traditional cook stoves based on biomass without chimney and kitchens lessventilated–iscommonintheseareas.Regardingthisaspect,thechallengeisnotjusttoanalysehowtodeliverabettertechnologyorfuel,butalsotoconsidertraditionalandculturalaspects,sincetheyareadditionalandimportantfactorsthatcontributetotheuseofcookstovesbasedonbiomass intheregion.Furtheranalysesofthecollecteddataandresearchdeskwillprovideabetterunderstandingoftherealityof ruralareasofCearáaswellassound information for thedevelopmentofcontextenergyscenariosthatmayprovideorientationwithrespecttohowrenewableenergiesmayenhancelivingstandardsandmitigatepovertyinruralareas,inasustainableandlong-termplanning.

References:Cabraal R. A., Barnes D. F., Agarwal S. G. 2005. Productive uses of energy for rural development.AnnualReviewofEnvironmentandResources.30:117-144.CherniJ.A.,DynerI.,HenaoF.,JaramilloP.SmithR.,FontR.O.2007.Energysupplyforsustainablerurallivelihoods.Amulti-criteriadecision-supportsystem.EnergyPolicy.35:1493-1504.

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Socialconflictsovertheenvironment:Indigenouspeoples,traditionalpopulations,anddevelopmentalistpoliciesinBrazil

MarijaneVieiraLisboa

Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo. Brazil,[email protected]

Despite the past governments’ leftist orientation, social conflicts over the environment haveintensified inBraziloverthe lastdecades,somethingwhichcanbeunderstoodasoneofthemanyconsequences of economic globalization. The growing global demand for raw materials,commodities, and energy hasmade it profitable to explore remote regions such asAmazonia, yetposes a threat to indigenous peoples and traditional populations and their ways of life. Cattle,soybean farming, andmining have expanded into fragile rainforests and gigantic dams have beenbuilttoproduceenergyforenergyintensiveactivitieslikemining,metallurgy,andthepulpandpaperindustry.Responding to these threats, indigenous peoples and traditional populations have attempted toorganize themselves in regional and national networks, such as the Rede Brasileira de JustiçaAmbiental founded 2001. Moreover, these vulnerable groups have sought support fromenvironmentalandhumanrightsorganizationsatthenationalandinternationallevel.Lula’s and Dilma Roussef’s developmentalist policies and their strong political alliances withagribusiness and big construction companies have served to intensify the conflicts betweengovernment and indigenous and traditional peoples. These conflicts have reached their breakingpoint and demonstrate the environmental and social limits of a development model based onexploitingnatural resourcesand ignoringmoresustainableandalternativewaysofproductionandlife.

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Socio-environmentalconflictsrelatedtohydropowerdevelopmentinBrazilEvaFenrich1,ChristophHess2,

1: InstituteforModellingHydraulicandEnvironmentalSystems,Dept.ofHydraulicEngineeringandWaterResourcesManagement,UniversitätStuttgart,Germany,[email protected]:WAREM,UniversitätStuttgart,Germany,[email protected]

Hydropower is themost significant renewable source for electricity productionworldwide. Unlikeotherrenewablesourcesitisawell-developedtechnologyandpromiseshigheconomicprofitability.Itshighlyflexibleoperationisastrongassetforelectricsystemsandpumpedstorageplantsarebynowtheonlyavailableway tostore largeamountsofelectricity from intermittent sourcessuchaswindandsun.Additionally,hydropowerreservoirscancontributetoregulatewater flowsfor freshwatersupply,floodcontrol,irrigationandnavigation.However, large scale hydropower has also in some cases been subject to severe criticism for notholding its promises. On a local and regional scale hydropower projects can lead to considerablenegative socio-economic and environmental impacts. It is therefore crucial, in addition to theassessment of environmental impacts, to take the different stakeholders into account and spreadbenefits and costs equally. Stakeholder participation can help to integrate the needs of differentgroupsintotheprojectatanearlystageandalsotoincreasepublicacceptanceofaproject.InthisstudytheconflictpotentialoftheplannedhydropowerplantSãoLuizdoTapajósinBrazilwasanalysed.Aninterviewschemewasdevelopedwiththeaimtoincludetheviewsofdifferentgroupsandtodevelopcommongoals.Asystemicviewof interactionsandconflictsbasedontheworksofBallreichandGlasl(2011)andLittle(2001)wasusedtofindsuitablequestions.Inordertocompareanswersofdifferent groups, a standardized interview formwasapplied, using the sameor similarquestions for all stakeholders. This turns it necessary to take the cultural, socioeconomic andeducational background of all groups into consideration. The questions have to address needs atdifferentlevelsoftheMaslow’shierarchy(Maslow1987)forallinvolvedparties.Onthebasisoftheinterviewsandfurtherinternetresearchasyntheticanalysisoftheconflictatitscurrent state was carried out, in order to be able to propose further stakeholder participationmeasuresandconflictmanagementstrategies.References:Ballreich, R. Glasl, F. (2011): „Konfliktmanagement undMediation in Organisationen”, Concadora,StuttgartMaslow,A.AndFrager,R.(1987):„MotivationandPersonality“,3rdeditionLittle, P.E. (2001): „Os Conflitos Socioambientais: um Campo de Estudo e de Ação Política”; inBursztyn,M.(org.)(2001):ADifícilSustentabilidade–Políticaenergéticaeconflitosambientais,RiodeJaneiro:Garamond

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EnvironmentalJusticeandtheissueofsustainabledevelopmentinBrazil:aretheypossible?Albuquerque,Leticia

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Faculty of Law, Florianopolis, Brazil,[email protected]

AquestionthathasalwaysvexedtheorganizationsinvolvedintheBrazilianenvironmentaldebateishow they can commit to campaigning for environmental protection without ignoring the obviousprioritiesofcombatingpovertyandunderdevelopment.Inotherwords,howcantheenvironmentbeputforwardasalegitimateissuewhenalltoooftenenvironmentalconcernsareseenasobstaclestotackling unemployment and overcoming poverty? How can environmental organizations deallogically and ina socially acceptablemannerwith theenvironmental implicationsof fighting socialinequalities and promoting economic development? The 1970s was a prolific decade for theeconomic development in Brazil. During the military dictatorship (1964-1985) the dominantdevelopmentmodelwasignoringtheissuesoftheenvironmentalandsustainabledevelopment.Theenvironmentalist movement was beginner. The environmentalist movement in Brazil began withactions to protect endangered fauna and flora, them moved on to exert pressure against theperceived overuse of mechanical and chemical agriculture, water pollution, the destruction ofecosystemuntilthebegantoengageintheAmazonquestion,transformedinthesymbolofthefightagainstthekindofdevelopmentblamedforthegrowingenvironmentaldegradationinthecountry.The1988Constitutionstartanew levelof influenceby themovement.ThemovementhadgainedsomeinfluencewiththeincorporationofonechapteraboutenvironmentalatthenewConstitution,thatrestartedthedemocracyinthecountry.Howeverthequestionremainsthesame:howcanfightagainstsocialinequalitiesandpromotingeconomicdevelopment?Despitethedemocracyperiodthenumber of environmental conflicts in Brazil has increased. Several conflicts are associated withagriculturalexpansion,constructionofhydroelectric,oilexplorationandotherdevelopmentprojectsthat impact the natural environment and traditional populations, greater victims of human rightsviolations. Indigenouspeople,quilombolas, traditional fishermenand rural communitiesareat theheartofdisputesoverlandandnaturalresources.Theobjectiveofthispaperarefirst,investigatetherelationshipbetweendemocratizationofLatinAmericancountriesafterthe1980s,particularlyBrazil,where had an increase of cases of environmental conflicts, which show that the dominant logicremains the exploitation of environmental resources without considering parameters ofenvironmental protection and respect for humans rights. Second, investigate the role of politicalactors,principallytheissueofenvironmentaljustice.

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TerritorialPlanningandDynamicsofWideSpaceinCentralAmazôniaMonteiro,RaimundaNonata

Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, Reitoria, Santarém, Brazil,[email protected]

This lecture analyses the asymmetries of protagonism from economic sectors and governmentalplanningattheadvanceoflargeinfrastructureconstructionsattheXinguandTapajóswatershedandits effects at the rural and urban dynamics in regional scale. These recent phenomenon at thepolicies of spatial planning and the relation between State and local society at Amazon, hasintensified at the beginning of 2000s.What are the political and economic forces that affect thecompetition for resources and spaces? What are the strategies with greater politic mobilizationforce?What is the incidence of traditional, family farmers and indigenous population? Is there aspace to multicultural coexistence scenery after the big hydroelectric power stations and theconclusionofinterconnectionlogisticswithglobalmarkets(ports,waterways,etc.)?Thesequestionswill be analyzed based on a discussion methodology of actors rationality and its interests aboutresourcesandterritories.Theresultsofanewrelationbetweengovernment,businesssectorsandsociety are analyzed,mediated by government actions,which innovate in planningmethodologieswithbroadregionalparticipation inconflictsofuseofnatural resources (forests,water toproduceenergy,mineralsetc.).TheanalysisconcludesthattherearepositivechangesintheState'sstanceinthe search for regulation and governance, with better participation of social groups with relativeincidenceintheterritorialmosaicanddemocratizationofaccessinthecaseofforests,happeningthesamewithenergypolicytransportlogistics.Itconcludesthatterritorialgainsoflocalpopulationsareimportant, but at a long time frame they will be under threat due the difficulty of thereachievements to be accompaniedby compatible economic and social gainswith competitive ruleswhichcomeswitheconomymodernizationinthiscontext.

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PostTreatmentofHospitalSewagebymovingbedBiofilmReactorSoares,AnaM.;Hoffmann,Ronaldo;Silveira,DjalmaD.1

1DepartmentofChemicalEngineering–UFSM-Brazil

Moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR)were developed in the end of last century inNorway. It hasexcelledoverotherprocesses,andincorporatessomefeaturesofthebesttechnologiesforbiologicalwastewater treatment. In this process, the microorganisms grow attached to moving carriers,forming a biofilm that is used for treat the effluents. In this work was studied the efficiencies ofMBBR in the hospital sewage treatment, with the aim of removing organic load, Total KjeldahlNitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus. Initially, the effluent of University Hospital of SantaMaria-Brazil studied is treated in a system conjugated by septic tank and anaerobic filter. In theEnvironmentalControlLaboratory(LabCAmb/UFSM),theMBBRwasoperatedasposttreatmentforhospitalsewageunderaerobicconditions,withusefulvolumeof4.099L,usinga60%ratioofmovingcarriers,flowrateof1L/h,andtimehydraulicdetentionof4.099h.Thevolumetricorganicload(VOC)oftheinfluentvariedwidely,wereobtainedvaluesofbetween0.703and2.752kgBOD5/m³.d(1.02a7.53 kgCOD/m³.d), resulting in an average toVOCof 1.55 kgBOD5/m³.d (2.99 kgCOD/m³.d). TheMBBRshowedgoodperformance,withaveragetoremovalefficienciesofVOCsinBOD5andCODof76.36 and 69.54%, respectively. The average TKN removal efficiencywas 46.85%, removal due tobiological synthesis and probably reactions of simultaneous nitrification/denitrification. For totalphosphoruswasobtainedanaveragetoremovalefficiencyof46.45%,duetocellaccumulation.Withthe results obtained, the technology of MBBR showed good perspective for treat sewages ofhospitals.

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PosterPresentations

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TheEnvironmentalAccountingofImpactsGeneratedbyFamilyEstablishmentProcessinRorainopolis(RR)–Brazil

Dr.JoséBarbosaFilho1,MSc.AnaMariaAlvesPerreira2.

1: Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Department of Economy, Manaus, Brazil,[email protected]:InstitutoFederaldeEducação,CiênciaeTecnologiadoAmazonas(IFAM),DepartmentofLogistic,Manaus,Brazil,[email protected].

TheAgrarianReformhasbeenimplementedinBrazilthroughtheNational InstituteofColonizationand Agrarian Reform - INCRA, since 1970, through the establishments of families in areas of theUnion. In specific case of the rural areaswhich are located in tropical forest, the INCRAhas beenadoptingthesameprocedureusedinotherareasofBrazil.Itconsistsofmotivatingthesubsistenceagriculture on small scale. However, specifically in the Amazon region, the procedure requestscuttingandburningof forest thatgeneratesaconsiderableenvironmental impact.Theevidence istheReportofDeforestationinAmazonregionbyBrazilianEnvironmentalInstitute-IBAMA,Octoberof2008,which identifiesthe INCRAasmostresponsiblebythedeforestation increasing inAmazonforest.Inthiscase,theresearchhasintendedtovalue,economically,theenvironmentalimpactsofproductive activities in two rural establishments,which are located in the km 460 on the FederalHighway, BR-174, district of Rorainópolis (RR). Both places have been chosen because they haverainforest characteristics, they are located close to city and the rural establishments began tooperateatthesametime.TheContingentValuationMethod(CVM)hasbeenusedontheresearch.TheCVMisbasedonthewillingnesstopay(WTP)andthewillingnesstoaccept(WTA)ofpeopleonrespecttovaluetheenvironmentalassetsandliabilitiesgeneratedbytheenterprises.Theresearchhasbeenconsistedof55questionnaireapplicationsonthefamilyunits tovaluetheWTP,which isassociatedtoenvironmental impactsoftheirproductionactivities.Inaccordancewiththeobtaineddata, itcanidentifythesubsistenceagriculturewithcorn,riceandcassava;asthemainproductionactivities inboth ruralestablishments.Themappingofproductiveprocessesof thoseactivitieshasshown that they request the cutting and the burning of forest. In accordance with the obtainedresults,itcouldbeconcludedthataftertheinclusionofthecostsandenvironmentalbenefitsintheanalysisofthelocalonepresentedamonthlyWTPofR$79.08,andtotalWTPofR$1,977.,00.Thelocal twopresented amonthlyWTPof R$ 87.84, and totalWTPof R$ 2,635,20. Those results arereflexof the low levelof incomeobserved in thearea,onaverageofR$380,00associateata lowlevelof informationofthe localpopulationregardingtheprofitabilityobtainedwithalternativesofmaintainableexplorationoftheforestinfoot.Inthatsenseitsuggeststhataftertheestablishmentofthefamilies inforestareasshouldbedonean informationworkandshouldbegivenatechnicalandfinancialsupport.ThatcouldbemadepossibleintheareathroughapartnershipamongINCRA,EMBRAPAandBASA.Itisachallenge:doesnottoleavethepopulationalone,butgiveanideaoftheeconomic value of environmental assets obtained from the rainforest by real actions to build thelocalenvironmentalcitizenship.

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SustainableDevelopmentandChallengestoWaterManagementintheMunicipalityCachoeirinha/RS-Brazil

David Cafruni Ferreira1, Delmira Sandra de Moura Carvalho2,Luiz Francisco Medeiros dos Santos3

,SérgioMuriloPereiraGil4

1: SecretariaMunicipal deMeioAmbientedeCachoeirinha– SMMA.Cachoeirinha. Brazil. E-mail:[email protected];[email protected];[email protected]: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE. Porto Alegre. Brazil. E-mail:[email protected]

Cachoeirinhacity is located inthemetropolitanareaofPortoAlegre, inthestateofRioGrandedoSul,Brazil. Itbelongs to thenatural regionof thePampasand is locatedwithin twowatershedsofhighcomplexity:ThewatershedsofGravataíRiverandRiodosSinos,wherethemostpollutedriversinthecountryarelocated.Thecityisdividedbyfoursub-watersheds:BrigadeiroStream,PassinhosStream,BarnabéStream,andSapucaiaStream.Ithasanareaof44,018km2and125,246inhabitants,withapopulationdensityof2,687/km2(IBGE,2015).HighHumanDevelopmentIndexranking(HDI,2010):0.757points,abovethestateaverage.TheMunicipalSecretaryoftheEnvironment(SMMA)seekstoimplementanenvironmentalmanagementpolicybasedontheprinciplesandguidelinesoftheBrazilianAgenda21,theEightMillenniumGoals,basedonEnvironmental,BasicSanitation,andDirector of Urban Development plans. As part of Social-Environmental Education, the SMMAestablishes strategies in public policy interrelating the sectors of civil society through which theindividualand thecommunitycanbuildsocialvalues,knowledge, skills,attitudes,andcompetencyaimedatconservationoftheenvironment,ahealthyqualityoflife,andguaranteesofsustainability.Inthismodel,CachoeirinhaparticipatesintheguidelinesoftheUnitedNationstomeetUNWater'sglobalcampaignintheInternationalDecadeforAction2005-2015:"WaterforLife",withlocalpublicpoliciessuchastheconsolidationoftheMunicipalPlanforBasicSanitation,therenewalofthewaterresourcesmanagementcontractwithCompanhiaRiograndensedeSaneamento-CORSANtobroadentheentire sewagenetwork system inabout73%coverage (currentlyexceeds176kmof collectionnetwork) andmake drinkingwater universally accessible, the execution of projects to expand theSewage Treatment Station - ETE Free-Way, the completion of the stormwater drainage system:Conduto Forçado; partnerships with the Local and State Public Ministry in order to regulate theconnections to the entire sewage network that currently exceed 46% - the highest rate in themetropolitanregionofPortoAlegre,thesupplyofdrinkingwaterwith97%coverage,theactivitiesregulated in theEnvironmentalLicensinggoverningtheusesofwater in thecity, thepromotionofpublichearings,andsocial-environmentalcampaignsandeducationalprogramsincontinuingactionstochangehabitsandattitudesthatmayincreasethecommitmentofallpartiestosustainablelocalenvironmentalmanagement.ReferencesIBGE, Instituto Brasileiro De Geografia E Estatística. Cidades@. Disponível Em:<Http://Www.Cidades.Ibge.Gov.Br/Xtras/Perfil.Php?Lang=&Codmun=430310>. Acesso Em:17/03/2015.BRASIL.LeiFederalNº12.305,2010.InstituiAPolíticaNacionalDeResíduosSólidos.DiárioOficialDaRepúblicaFederativaDoBrasil,Brasília,DF,03DeAgostoDe2010.BRASIL.ConstituiçãoDaRepúblicaFederativaDoBrasil.Brasília.Brasília,DF,Senado,05DeOutubroDe1988.BRASIL.LeiFederal9.795,1999. InstituiAPolíticaNacionalDeEducaçãoAmbiental.Brasília,DF.27DeAbrilDe1999.CORSAN, Companhia Riograndense De Saneamento. Corsan E Cachoeirinha Renovam Contrato DeEsgoto,2012.DisponívelEm:<Http://Www.Corsan.Com.Br/Node/900>.AcessoEm:17/03/2015.PNUD. Desenvolvimento Humano E IDH. Disponível Em: <Http://Www.Pnud.Org.Br/IDH/DH.Aspx>.

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AcessoEm19/11/2014.MILLER,G.T.SustainingTheEarth:NaIntegratedApproach.Califórnia:WadsworthPub.Co.,1994.PRÓ-SINOS. Consórcio Público De Saneamento Básico Da Bacia Hidrográfica Do Rio Dos Sinos.DisponívelEm:<Http://Www.Consorcioprosinos.Com.Br>.AcessoEm10/11/2014.CORSAN.CompanhiaRiograndenseDeSaneamento.DisponívelEm:<Http://Www.Corsan.Com.Br/>.Acesso17/03/2015.

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PublicpoliciesandindigenoussustainabilityintheBrazilianAmazon.Gonçalves,R.F.

UniversidadeFederaldoPará.,Belém,Pará,Brasil,[email protected]

This paper examines the relationship between State and indigenous people in the Amazonia,focusing specifically designed indigenous public policies projected in the national level since 1988andexecutedinthestateofPará.TheBrazilianConstitutionof1988providesalegalframeworkforthe new interface established between the State and indigenous people, characterized by respectandrecognitionofseveralethnic,linguistic,historicalandsocioculturalaswellastherightstotheirlandsandresourceswithin it.Thisstudyhadaimedtoexaminehow(andif)theindigenouspublicspoliciesdevelopedandimplementedsince1988inParástateguarantee(ornot)theautonomyandeconomic sustainability, environmental and socio-cultural of indigenous peoples involved in them.WasheldfieldworktocollectindigenousexperienceswithethnicitiesTembé,AsuriniofTrocaráandGaviãoParkatêjêandKyikatêjê,inthestateofPará.Thestudyshowedthatindigenouspublicpoliciesare "sprayed" in several agencies of the federal, state and municipal levels, revealing a complexnetwork of actors and services, which, sometimes, overlap without providing the necessaryintegration. There is a strong tendency towards outsourcing of indigenous services, with theintroductionofcompaniesandNGOintheirimplementation.Thishasleditinacertainconfusiontotheindigenouswhentriggertheneedforpublicservicesandhavethesatisfactionoftheirrights.Thediscourseoftheconstructionof indigenousautonomyandsustainabilityhas increasedbothamonggovernmentsectors,asintheindigenous,whichhave,evenappropriatetodesigntheirperspectiveof environment. The Indigenous people also have increased their participation in decisionmakingprocessesinvolvingtheconstructionandoperationofpublicpolicies.However,theeffectivenessofsuchpoliciesisstillverytenuous.Theindigenous´srealitiesstudiedshowthatmuchstillneedstobedonetoensureasustainableandautonomousdevelopmentforindigenouspeople.

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“Youcan’tteachanolddognewtricks”

ThesustainabledevelopmenteducationstartswiththeyouthOliveira,L.

InstitutfuerMedienundKommunikationswissenschaft,Alpen-AdriaUniversitaetKlagenfurt,Austria

The search for sustainable and ecologic development alliesmust startwith the youth. The now adaysstudentsaregoingtoforgeadefinitepathfordevelopmenttheenergyandtransportationareasin the next decades. However, they are still tolerant and adaptable enough to face the inherentchallenges of this development field. Environmental education in primary school is the firstopportunityofraisingawarenessamongchildrenoftheexistingproblemsandleadthemtoamoreconscioususeofenergyandtransportation/mobility.Thisresearchstudybringsasanexampleoftheeducational action promoted by the “Climate Alliance” - state of Carinthia, Austria. through theitinerantexposition(Workshop)“WiefunktioniertdasmitdemKlimaunddemTreibhauseffekt?”thestudentswerepersuadetorethinkconsumptionandevaluatetheweightoftheirdaybydayactions,meansofmobilityanduseofenergy,aswellastheeffectsofclimatechanges.Thestudy,thatwasaccomplished in februaryof2014, involved73studentsofthe3rdand4thyearsofKöttmannsdorfand Griffen primary school, in the state of Carinthia. Through questionnaires, childrens haveexpressedahigh levelofsatisfactionregardingthewaysof interventionandfullcomprehensionofthe subjects taught during the intervention, whose goals coadunate with those of the “ClimateAlliance Europe”. This Organisation seeks a global weather protection by partnerships betweenEuropean cities and Amazon Indigenous people. The intervention, focus of this research study,constitutes one of the many proposals of the Organisation in the scope of education towardsSustainableDevelopment.

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Puttingenvironmentaldiscoursesintopolicies:ThecasestudyofBoliviaAdrianaBallónOssio

Silviculture, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, [email protected]

In 2006 Evo Morales won presidential election and became Bolivia´s first indigenous president(Stefanoni, 2006). Morales´ political partyMovement Towards Socialism is a peasant-indigenouscoalition thatwas brought to power under the promise to re-establish Bolivia as the ‘twenty firstmulticultural, pluralist socialist’ State (Kohl and Bresnahan, 2010:5). As an attempt to create analternative toneoliberalism it introducedalternativepatternsofdevelopment likeVivirBien (livinggood) based on the indigenous belief of harmony between humans and nature (Gudynas, 2010).Since then, in and outside Bolivia an intensive debate arouse about the practical implications ofMorales’ presidential victory, the importance of the induced political processes (Webster andEngberg-Pedersen,2002).Thisisparticularlytruefortheenvironmentalsectortypicallymarginalizedwithin the prevailing approaches for rural development primarily grounded on economic growth.Within this context Morale´s administration has adopted highly controversial and challengingdiscoursesrelatedtonatureandenvironmentalpolicies.Thefocusofthisstudyistounderstandhowdifferentfactorsinfluencetheprocessofenvironmentalrelevantpolicy-making,andidentifyingwhathindersorfacilitatestheemergenceofthesepolicies. Ingeneralterms,thechallengeoftranslatingpoliticaldiscourses into tangibleoutcomesandpolicies is a commonproblem in thepolicy-makingprocess.ThecaseofBolivia,duetoitsactualityandextremenessisidealtostudytheprocessesandfactors influencing the transformation of political statements into action on the ground. It can beexpectedthatsuchananalysisprovideimportantinsightsofhowtodesignenvironmentalpolicythatmoreeffectivelyachievetheirgoals.Thetheoreticalframeworkofthestudyisbasedontheoriesofpublic policy and discourse analysis.Methodologically, the researchwill be grounded on the casestudies,eachof therepresentingsettings in tropical ruralcontexts thathaveahighenvironmentalrelevance,inparticular,agriculturalfrontiers,protectedareas,andindigenousreserves.Ineachcasestudy, an array of parameterswill be described through the application of qualitative research toreconstructtheunderlyingpolicyprocessesandtofindempiricalevidencethatsupportordenythekeyfactorsinfluencingthedesignandimplementationofenvironmentalpolicy. Refrences:Gudynas,E.,2011,BuenVivir:Germinandoalternativasaldesarrollo,AméricaLatinaenMovimiento,ALAINo.462,pp.1-20.Kohl, B., and Bresnahan, R., 2010, Bolivia Under Evo Morales: Consolidating Power, InitiatingDecolonization,LatinAmericanPerspectives,Issue172,Vol.37No.3,pp.5-17. Stefanoni,P.,2006,Elnacionalismoenelpoder,ObservatorioSocialAméricaLatina,añoVI,No.19,pp.37-44.Webster,N.,andEngberg-Pedersen,L.,2002,InInthenameofthepoor:Contestingpoliticalspaceforpovertyreduction.IntroductiontoPoliticalSpace,ZedBooks,p.1-29.

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ComplianceSocialandEnvironmentalGuidelinesonEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentbasedontheEquatorPrinciples.CaseStudy:DamSerroAzulRiver

BasinUna,Pernambuco-BrazilSilva,S.M.1;Dutra,M.T.D.1;Lyra,M.R.C.C.1;Silva,J.A.A.2

1: Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pernambuco, Department ofEnvironment,HealthandSafety,Recife,Pernambuco,Brazil.Email:[email protected]:FederalRuralUniversityofPernambuco,DepartmentofForestScience,Recife,Pernambuco,Brazil

Over the past decades, it is observed in various regions of the planet considerable increaseinvestments in large infrastructure projects. In the state of Pernambuco stands out theimplementation of five dams in the basin of the Una Rive, with flood control purpose, since theregionwashitbyfloodsin2000,2005,2010and2011thatcausedhumanandmateriallosses.Inthiscontext, the present study aimed to analyze the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and itsrespective Environmental Impact Report (EIR) of the Serro Azul dam, in Pernambuco, approvedduringthe licensingprocessforcomplianceoftheguidelinesandrecommendationsoftheEcuadorPrinciples, focusing on the environmental aspect. To Silveira (2010) discussions on environmentalconflicts has been a key issue for understanding the several contradictions in the current globaldevelopment model. The Equator Principles were created in 2002 by the International FinanceCorporation(IFC),a financialsectoroftheWorldBank. It isan international toolwithfocusontheincorporationofvalueswithsocialresponsibilityandsustainabilitytolendingnegotiationsasawayof integrating economy, society and environment. After analysis of the EIA/RIMA there wasnoncomplianceofhalfofthesixteen(16)requiredcriteria,withthecriticalpoints,theidentification,mitigation and/or compensation of impacts on communities to be resettled, highlighting the non-participationofsuchgroupsintheplanning,analysisandimplementationoftheproject.Therewasno participation of professionals specializing in social assistance in teams of the entrepreneurrepresentatives.Thus,therewastheneedtoguaranteebetterrelationshipofthegovernmentwithlocalcommunitiesaffectedbytheimplementationofdams,inapreventivemannertominimizethepotentialnegativeimpactsonsocialandenvironment.Silveira,K.A.EnvironmentalconflictsandsocialparticipationintheIndustrialPortComplexofSuape,Pernambuco.Recife:152p.Thesis(MS).FederalUniversityofPernambuco.PRODEMA,2010.

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Session10:Agriculture,Forestry

Convener:Prof.Dr.A.Petkau1,C.H.B.Nauiack2,M.Vohrer3,Ing.M.delCarmenÁlvarezEnciso4,Prof.Dr.P.

Spathelf5,Prof.Dr.AfonsoFigueirodo2

1:InstitutfürAngewandteForschung,ForstökonomieundForstbetriebsmanagement,HochschuleRottenburg,Germany

2:UniversidadeEstadualdoCentroOeste/UNICENTRO,Irati,Brazil3:TheGoldStandardFoundation,Freiburg,Germany

4:UniversidadNacionaldeAsunción,CenterforEnvironmentalMonitoringPurpose,Luque,Paraguay5:EberswaldeUniversityforSustainableDevelopment,FacultyofForestandEnvironment,

Eberswalde,Germany

Bridgingexamples fromthefieldsofagricultureandforestryprovide informationon issuesalreadyestablished and studied by research projects of sustainable interaction between natural resourcesand processes and demands of human societies. The talks shall provide information on analyticaltoolsthathelptoretrievenecessaryinformationfordecisionmakersthathavetoimplantmanagingsystems,defineeconomicbehavioursandformulateandchangenecessaryjudicialsystemstoinitiateandprovidethelegalbaseforsustainabledevelopment.

KeynoteLecture:MoritzVohrer,TheGoldStandardFoundation,Freiburg,Germany

Ing.M.delCarmenÁlvarezEnciso,UniversidadNacionaldeAsunción,CenterforEnvironmentalMonitoringPurpose,Luque,Paraguay

Prof.Dr.P.Spathelf,EberswaldeUniversityforSustainableDevelopment,FacultyofForestandEnvironment,Eberswalde,Germany

CarlosHenriqueBoscardinNauiack,UniversidadeEstadualdoCentroOeste/UNICENTRO,Irati,Brazil

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OralPresentations

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CarbonMarkets-Howcanforestrybenefitfromit?MorizVohrer1,FlorentKaiser2

1:TheGoldStandardFoundation,Freiburg,Germany,[email protected]:FlorentKaiser,NatureServicesPeru,Peru,[email protected]

In the context of the on-going international climate negotiations, countries have the freedom todevelop their own initiatives and provide pledges on how they contribute to climate securitythroughIntendedNationallyDeterminedContributions(INDCs)1.It isassumedthatcurrentINDCpledgeswillnotbesufficienttoreachthe2degrees2050target2.However, more and more companies, organisations and governments are thinking beyond thecurrentUNFCCC-initiatedmechanismsandmarketsforclimateprotection3.Todate,31regionalornational initiativesarebeingdevelopedwiththegoaltocreatetheirownemissiontradingsystemoncarboncredits4.Besides these initiatives, governments have created large funds where other governments canapply for funds that will be used to reduce existing deforestation. According to the REDDdesk5,currently28countriesareprofitingfromthesefunds.But the question remains howwill private sector benefit from this?Andhowmuchdoes carboncontributetothenormalcashflowofaforest,whereonlytimberrepresentsasignificantincome?Inmostemissiontradingsystemscarbonismeasuredinunitof‘tonsofCO2’.Thisasabaseallowsfor two different ways to determine how forests can calculate their carbon benefit. First, bychanging the forest management from an unsustainable management, which leads to thedegradationordeforestationof a forest, to a sustainablemanagement– also knownasReducedEmissionsfromDegradationandDeforestation(REDD)orImprovedForestManagement(IFM).Andsecond,whenreforestationorafforestation(A/R)ofa‘non-forest’areaisundertaken.Both scenarios can contribute to a significant amount ofmoney from the sale of carbon credits.Here,thebenefitcanvaryfrom10to5.000USDperhectare,dependingsubstantiallyontheactivitybeingimplementedandthecarbonprice6.The main challenge forestry is facing in order to benefit from the emerging emission tradingschemesisthatthesetradingschemesneedto(1)acceptforestrycreditsaspartoftheirschemesand(2)theschemesitselfmustbewellfunctioning,whichmeansthatthedemandofcreditsmustbecreatedbyambitiousemissionreductiontargetsoftheschemes.Todate,forestsarestillnotbeingpaidinfortherangeofclimatebenefitstheyprovide.However,thechances thatmarketsaredeveloping inadirection thatwilldosoarebetter today thaneverbefore.References1:http://www.wri.org/indc-definition,accessed6March2015,Communicationfromthecommissiontot he European Parliament and the Council, The Paris Protocol - A blueprint for tackling globalclimatechangebeyond2020,Page3,25February2015,2:http://ec.europa.eu/priorities/energy-union/docs/paris_en.pdf,TheUNNewYorkDeclarationonForests,23September2014,3: http://www.un.org/climatechange/summit/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2014/09/FORESTS-New-York-Declaration-on-Forests.pdf4:https://icapcarbonaction.com/ets-map,accessed6March20155:http://theredddesk.org/countries,accessed6March20156:GoldStandardinternalinformation

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StudyontheVulnerabilityandImpactofClimateChangeontheGreatAmericanChaco

(GranChacoAmericano)Ing.MaríadelCarmenAlvarezEnciso,

UniversidadNacionaldeAsunción,CenterforEnvironmentalMonitoringPurpose,Luque,Paraguay,[email protected]

The study aimed at developing a vulnerability and impact of climate change analysis on theGranChaco region, focusing primarily on identifying impacts on agriculture and water resources, andbasedontheresults,definingproposalsforadaptationbasedonecosystems.ThemethodologywasbasedonthedefinitionoftheIPCC2001whichmentionsthatvulnerabilityisafunctionofthevariationtowhichasystemisexposed,itssensitivity,anditsadaptivecapacity,thusdeterminingvulnerability,consideringthethreevulnerabilityfactorsthatmakeupalinearfunction,wherethevaluesobtainedfromexposureandsensitivityareadded,andthentheadaptivecapacityissubtracted,obtainingthefinalvalueforvulnerability.Toestimatetheadaptationmeansavailableforagivensociety,theconceptofcapacityisusedasasource of capital, where more capital implies greater adaptability. In turn, the capacities areclassified as human, social, natural, economic and productive, infrastructure or built, andinstitutional.The study identifies for each unit of analysis, the “weaknesses” and the "capabilities". Theweaknessesarethesensitivitiesofagricultureandwaterresources,consideringthechanges in thetemperature and the precipitation. The capabilities can be seen as potential developers andconsideredas tools foractionand investment. Inothercases, theyareonly"potential",definedasintrinsic strengths for the factors concerned (e.g.: natural, social, human) that can be developedthroughinvestmentsofotherexternalfactorstobecomecapabilities.Theinformationinthestudyconsistsofquantitativeandqualitativedata,whichwerecategorizedtorelatetoeachotherandfinallytoachievearatingorindextohelpidentifythelevelofvulnerabilityoftheregiontoclimatechange.The study provides homogeneous information for people and governments to develop adaptationactionsandplanstoprioritizetheirpoliciesaccordingtotheneedsfortheentireregion.Ontheotherhand,providesanintegratedvisionoftheproblemofGranChacofromaclimateperspective,aimedatmakingpublicpolicydecisions.This studywas fundedbyRegionalGateway forTechnologyTransferandClimateChangeAction inLatinAmerica and theCaribbean (REGATTA) its objective is to strengthen capacity and knowledgesharing of climate change technologies and experiences for adaptation and mitigation in LatinAmerica and the Caribbean. Its design and development is aligned with the international climatechangenegotiationsinthecontextoftheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCC),aftertheCancunAgreementsatCOP16,whichestablishedaTechnologyMechanism.This study has been developed by institutions of the three countries: Formosa University ofArgentina,UniversityandFoundationCordilleraofBoliviaandDevelopmentInstituteofParaguay.

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CanfarmersinMatoGrossobenefitfromtheadoptionoflow-carbonagriculturalandforestrysystems?

E.Latynskiy,J.Mössinger,J.Gil,M.Siebold,T.Berger

Dept. of Land Use Economics in the Tropics & Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart,Germany,[email protected]

Concerns of balancing agricultural production and environmental protection shifted the focus ofBrazilianpoliciestowardssustainableintensificationofagriculturallanduse.Low-carbonagriculturaland forestry systems are currently perceived by the Brazilian government as ways of preventingdeforestation, improving theproductivityofdegraded landsand reducingemissions from landuseand land use conversions. For instance, in 2010, Brazil established preferential credit lines forfinancing investments in sustainable agricultural systems (ABCProgram). Thismeasure is aimed topromotetheadoptionof low-carbonproductionpracticessuchas integratedagroforestrysystems,industrial forest plantations and crop-cattle rotations aimed at pasture rehabilitation.Widespreadimplementationofsuchpracticesrequiresthemtobecapableofgeneratingeconomicbenefits forthe land users adopting them.Moreover, the benefits should outweigh the benefits of the othercompetinglandusealternatives.Yet,littleisknownaboutfarm-leveleconomicimpactsofadoptingthese low-carbonproduction systemsand theeffectivenessof theABCProgram in relaxing farmerinvestment constraints (Gil et al., 2014). This contribution presents a modeling-based empiricalassessment of the systems promoted by the current instruments of the ABC Program (ABCIntegration, ABC Forests and ABC Recovery). For the assessment we parameterized MPMAS(Schreinemachers and Berger, 2011), which is amulti-agent software based on themathematicalprogrammingmethod, for fivemunicipalities in the state ofMato Grosso. The software explicitlysimulatesthebehavioranddynamicsofall individualcommercialfarmsinourstudyareareflectingthe farm differences in resources and natural conditions. The whole-farm modeling approach ofMPMAS then permits comparison of low-carbon systems with modern soybean–cotton andsoybean–maizedouble-cropsystemscurrentlydominant inthestudyarea.Thecomparison isdoneconsidering different aspects of farming: investment requirements, revenue streams, labor andmachinery constraints, etc. Based on the assessment, we assess the potentials of sustainableagriculturalintensificationinMatoGrossoandidentifyfarmtypesthatarelikelytoadoptlow-carbonagriculture. In addition,we test the effectiveness of current instruments of the ABC Program andproviderecommendationsforpossiblepolicyimprovement.References:1:Gil,J.,Siebold,M.andBerger,T.,2014.Adoptionanddevelopmentofintegratedcrop–livestock–forestrysystemsinMatoGrosso,Brazil.Agr.,Ecosys.andEnvir.199,394–4062: Schreinemachers, P. and Berger, T., 2011. An agent-based simulation model of human–environmentinteractionsinagriculturalsystems.Envir.Mod.&Soft.26,845–859

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Agent-basedassessmentofGHGemissionsfromagriculturallandusesystemsinMatoGrosso,Brazil

Siebold,M.1,Latynskiy,E.1,Meurer,K.2Nendel,C.3,Berger,T.1

1:Dept.of LandUseEconomics in theTropicsandSubtropics,UniversityofHohenheim,Stuttgart,Germany,[email protected]:Dept.SoilPhysics,HelmholtzCenterforEnvironmentalResearch,Halle,Germany3: Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research,Müncheberg,Germany

Accordingtothe5thIPCCreportthereisrobustevidenceandhighagreementthattheAFOLU1sectorisresponsibleforalmostaquarterofanthropogenicGHGemissions,mainlyduetodeforestationandlivestock, soil andnutrientmanagement, but offers also considerablemitigation potential throughenhancementofGHGsequestration,aswellasoptimizedlandandlivestockmanagementstrategies(Smithetal.2014).MatoGrosso isan importantcenterforagriculturalproduction inBrazilandongloballevel,especiallyforsoybean,cornandcattle.Brazilachievedtoavoid3.2GTCO2byreducingAmazon deforestation even though soybean production continued to grow (Nepstad et al. 2014).Thus, in addition to preclude deforestation the individual farm level production decision has animportant impact on GHG emissions, and should be addressed. With the bio-economic researchapproachof couplingDNDC (DeNitrification-DeComposition) andMONICA (MOdel ofNItrogen andCarbon dynamics in Agro-ecosystems)with theMPMASmodel (Mathematical Programming-basedMulti Agent Systems) it is possible to quantify GHG emissions subject to the farmers’ individualproductiondecisions,consideringhuman-human,aswellashuman-environmentinteractions(Bergerand Troost 2014). In comparison to a life cycle assessment, the present approach enables todynamically simulate scenarios and analyze the impact of farm management decisions on GHGemissions and farm economic indicators such as total gross margins. This allows to determinefarmers’opportunitycostsforadoptingGHGsavinglandmanagementstrategies,givingabenchmarkforpossiblecompensationpaymentsnecessarytoofferfarmersincentivesforadoption.Berger, Thomas, and Christian Troost. 2014. “Agent-Based Modelling of Climate Adaptation andMitigation Options in Agriculture.” Journal of Agricultural Economics 65 (2): 323–48.doi:10.1111/1477-9552.12045.Nepstad, D., D. McGrath, C. Stickler, A. Alencar, A. Azevedo, B. Swette, T. Bezerra, et al. 2014.“Slowing Amazon Deforestation through Public Policy and Interventions in Beef and Soy SupplyChains.”Science344(6188):1118–23.doi:10.1126/science.1248525.Smith,P.,M.Bustamante,H.Ahammad,H.Clark,H.Dong,E.A.Elsiddig,H.Haberl,etal.2014.“2014:Agriculture,ForestryandOtherLandUse (AFOLU).” InClimateChange2014:MitigationofClimateChange.ContributionofWorkingGroup III totheFifthAssessmentReportof the IntergovernmentalPanel on Climate Change, edited by O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S.Kadner,K.Seyboth,A.Adler,etal.Cambridge,unitedkingdomandNewYork,NY,USA:CambridgeUniversityPress.http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/.

1:AFOLU:Agriculture,Forestry,andOtherLandUse

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Decreasing greenhouse gas emissions of meat products through foodwastereduction-Frameworkforasustainabilityimpactassessmentapproach

Winkler,T1;Aschemann,R1

1: Institute of System Sciences, Innovation and Sustainability Research, University of Graz, Graz,Austria,correspondingauthor:[email protected]

The global food production industry is responsible for a high amount of greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions. Along the entire food supply chain (FSC) there are various mitigation potentials. Inparticularapproximatelyonethirdofallfoodbeingproducedgloballyiswasted,equalto1.3billiontons per year (FAO, 2011). On a global scale, inventory emissions from livestock production areabout3460TgCO2-eq/yearcomparedto4,600–7,100TgCO2-eq/yearwhenconsideringthewholelifecycle(FAOSTAT,2015;Steinfeldetal.,2006).Thesenumbersrepresentroughly7%,respectively9.4 to14.5%of total globalGHGemissions.GHGemissions from livestockproduction showahighpotentialformitigation,especiallyinthefarmingandproductionperiod.Areductionoffoodwastein the long-term would directly influence GHG emissions from livestock production. For meatproducts, there is apotential in foodwaste reductionof 21.4% in SouthandSoutheastAsiaup to29.7%inSub-SaharanAfrica(FAO,2011).As foodwaste is influenced by several phenomena along the FSC, approaches such as a life cycleassessment (LCA)areonlypartlysufficient.Traditionally, LCAsonlyassess environmental impacts,whereas they do not consider social and economic aspects per se. However, those aspects areequally important such as the economic impact of cost savings due to a decrease in GHGs andconsequentlylessuseofCO2certificates(atleastintheEuropeanUnion).Thecomparisonbetweenconventional and organic livestock farming or between developed and developing countriesrepresent examples for social aspects. This highlights the necessity of integrating all threesustainability dimensions in one assessment tool and therefore, this contributionintroduces a framework for a sustainability impact assessment (SIA) inthecontextofdecreasingtheamountoffoodwaste.WithsuchanSIAframework it ispossibletoanalyseandcomparefoodwastereductionpotentialsleadingtoGHGmitigationintermsoftheirsocial,environmentalandeconomiccontributiontothelivestockandmeatprocessingsector.Inthiscontribution,theassessmenttoolisappliedonlytofoodwastereductionandGHGemissionsofthelivestocksupplychain,butitmightbeeasilyextendedtocovermoreaspects,otherfoodproductsorfoodwastevalorisationissues.ReferencesFAO.2011.Globalfoodlossesandfoodwaste–Extent,causesandprevention.Rome.FAOSTAT. 2015. Emissions - Agriculture. [cited 2015 Jan 5]. Available from:http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/G1/*/E.SteinfeldH,GerberP,WassenaarT,CastelV,RosalesM,deHaanC.2006.Livestock’sLongShadow:Environmental IssuesandOptions.FoodandAgricultureOrganizationof theUnitedNations(FAO),Rome.

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Tropicalplantationforestryintransition–fromuniform‘treefarms’todiverseproductionsystemswithaddedvalue

PeterSpathelf

EberswaldeUniversityforSustainableDevelopment,FacultyofForestandEnvironment,Eberswalde,Germany,[email protected]

The global area of planted forests has risen from18million ha in 1980 to around 250million ha.Recently, the debates in the media about fast-growing high-yield plantations have becomeincreasinglycontroversial.Criticsarguethatplantationforestry:

• isattheexpenseofnaturalforestsorothernaturalecosystems,• leadstopoorlystructuredstandswithlowtreespeciesdiversity,• produceslow-qualitytimber,• negativelyaffectssoilwaterconditionsandthefertilityofsites,• ‘occupies’ land of small-scale farmers / local communities and contributes little to

sustainabledevelopment(seeCrossalterandPye-Smith2003).If integrated inasound land-usestrategy,and if thevariousenvironmentalgoodsandservicesaretaken into account, plantation forestry can still offer considerable comparative advantages overotherforestuseconcepts.Inthiscontribution,Iwanttohighlightsomeoftherecentdevelopments.Forest plantations can serve a variety of goals, of which the production of wood is still themostimportant (cf. pulpwood strategy). However, more and more plantations are dedicated to sawnwood production in order to diversify the product spectrum of an enterprise. A further aim ofplantingtreesistoestablishagroforestrysystemsortoprovideamenitiesindenselypopulatedandurbanizedareas.Here,thetreecomponentcanserveastimberandfuelwood,orfortheprovisionofnon-wood forest products (NWFP).Moreover, afforestation or tree planting is a key technique torestorebasicecosystemfunctionsondegradedland.These‘landsofopportunities’makeupmillionsofhectaresallovertheworld.Treeplantations canbediversifiedbyusing thevarietyofnative tree speciesof aplanting region.Mixed standsoffer several advantages compared tomonocultures, including frequentoveryieldingdue to niche complementarity of the species, risk diversification, and higher ecological resilience(Bauhusetal.2010).Additionally, recentstudiesgiveevidencethatmixedspeciesplantationswithnativetreespeciesinthehumidtropicsshowconsiderablereturns,makingthemmoreattractiveforentrepreneursor investors.Theseeconomicoutcomescouldbe improved ifspecificenvironmentalservices of (mixed) species plantations with native trees are taken into account (payment ofenvironmental services); a special case studywillbegivenhere. Finally,plantations cancontributesignificantly to the livelihood of small-scale farmers by providing locally usable and marketableproducts, including non-wood forest products. Stakeholder participation is a key for minimizingpotentialconflictsinthislong-termengagement.Bauhus J.; van derMeer, P.; Kanninen,M. (2010). EcosystemGoods and Services from PlantationForests.Earthscan.240p.Crossalter,C.;Pye-Smith,C.(2003).Fast-woodForestry:MythsandRealities.CIFOR.50p.

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Pedogeochemicalmappinginnorth-easternBrazil:amatterofscaleJörgMatschullat1,SilkeHöfle2,AnneMüller3

1:InterdisciplinaryEnvironmentalResearchCentre,TUBergakademieFreiberg,Freiberg,Germany,E-Mail:[email protected]:InstituteforGeologyandMineralogy,UniversityofCologne,Köln,Germany3:InterdisciplinaryEnvironmentalResearchCentre,TUBergakademieFreiberg,Freiberg,Germany

TheenormousdevelopmentinBrazil,includingland-usechanges,standsinstarkcontrastagainstthefact that rather little of the country has been assessed with modern quality standards of(soil)geochemical mapping, e.g. comparable with the European efforts (Reimann et al. 2014).Especially the vast expanses of the North and Northeast of the country lack a representativedatabase for background concentrations and anomaly assessments. This work reports aboutrepresentativesoilgeochemicaldataforallofnorth-easternBrazil(NEB).Table. Median concentrations in topsoil (0–20 cm mineral soil) in comparison between world soilaverages(WSA),northeasternBrazil(BraSol),global(PEGS2),andEurope(GEMAS)

Component WSA BraSol Seridó PEGS2 GEMASApSiO2(wt-%) 59.9 82.3 70.7 72.2 66.8Al2O3(wt-%) 15.1 9.02 10.3 9.3 10.5Fe2O3(wt-%) 5.0 1.73 3.35 3.4 3.6CaO(wt-%) 1.96 0.051 0.80 0.8 1.2MgO(wt-%) 1.49 0.039 1.21 0.7 1.0K2O(wt-%) 1.69 0.15 1.71 1.6 1.9Na2O(wt-%) 1.35 0.023 1.27 0.55 0.79P2O5(wt-%) 0.17 0.042 0.074 0.12 0.18Ctot(wt-%) nodata 0.67 0.43 nodata 2.20Ntot(wt-%) nodata 0.060 0.044 nodata 0.17Stot(wt-%) 0.08 0.030 0.008 nodata 0.035C:Nratio nodata 11 10 nodata 10

WSA:WorldSoilAverage(Koljonen1992),BraSol(Matschullatetal.2012),PEGS2(Caritatetal.2012),GEMAS(Reimannetal.2014andnew,yetunpublisheddatabytheauthorsofthisabstract)Whilefirstresultshavebeenpublishedalready(Matschullatetal.2012),thispresentationwillshownew results for macronutrients (CNS) and selected trace elements. One of the most surprisingfindings relates to a significant difference betweenmost of NEB and the Seridó, a desertification-proneareaofroughly5,000km2insoutherncentralRioGrandedoNorteandneighboringParaíba.Ourhypothesisexplainsthisunusualanomalywiththecolonialandagriculturalhistoryofthatarea.ReferencesKoljonenT(ed;1992)ThegeochemicalatlasofFinland.Part2:Till.GeolSurvFinland,Espoo;218p.MatschullatJ,daSilvaJ,HöfleS,MelloJ,MeloJrG,PlessowA,ReimannC(2012)Asoilgeochemicalbaselinefornorth-easternBrazil.GeochemExplorEnvironAnal72,3:197-209ReimannnC,BirkeM,DemetriadesA,FilzmoserP,O’ConnorP(eds;2014)ChemistryofEurope’sagriculturalsoils.PartA:MethodologyandinterpretationoftheGEMASdataset.GeolJbB102:528p.

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Pesticides:GermanandBrazilianexperiencesandpracticesAnaCristinaMiola¹

1:PostgraduateStudentatPontifíciaUniversidadeCatólicadoRioGrandedoSul(PUCRS),BusinessandEnvironmentDepartment,PortoAlegre/RS,Brazil;PostgraduateStudentatUniversidadeFederaldo RioGrande do Sul (UFRGS), LawDepartment, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil; environmental lawyer atZanella&AssociatesLawyers;[email protected]

TheBrazilianenvironmentalprotectionapproachtotheuseofpesticidesiscausingnochangeinthelargeuseofchemicalsinthecountry’sagriculturalsystem.Thebasisofsustainabledevelopmenttomanage environmental hazards find an end in front of the fact that pesticides use in Brazil grew162% in the last 12 years. Nevertheless Brazil has not showed public interest in diminishing thisnumbers through a public policy. In the present day, the application of pesticides in Brazil isregulated by the Law 7.802/1989, aswell as in otherminor acts. However, the currentmeasuresaren't enough to prevent known and unknown damages in the human health and environment.Therefore,thisstudyisproposedtoanalyzeforeignexperienceandpracticesinagro-industry,anditis based,mostly, in legislation changesmade by the European Parliament and the Council of theEuropean Union, in the Directive 128/2009/EC. This act required from the Member States adevelopment of an Action Plan, inwhich it is needed to set up objectives, targets,measures andtimetables to reduce risks and impacts of pesticide use on human health and environment. TheGermanNationalActionPlantoSustainableUseofPesticidessynthesizesthecountry’ssolutionsandproblems faced to solve the “over population x production scale” equation. Themain goal of thisproposalistoreflectaboutthelegislativechangesintheEUaftertheDirective128/2009,especiallyinGermany,analyzingconsequencesoftheGermanActionPlanasanexampletoBrazil’s future.AcomparedstudybetweencurrentpublicpoliciesinBrazilandGermanyisessentialtobuildanewandsustainablebasisregulationtochemicals.TheGermanActionPlanisbroadandthereforethisstudydoesnot intendtoexamineallof itssingularities.Theobjective is to fulfillan initialanalysisof thesubstantialpointsofthisActionPlaninparallelwiththepresentpublicpolicyinBrazilonthematter.ThisstudyaspirestodiscoverifanyofthemeasurestakeninGermanyaresuitableinBrazil.

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Productivityoffast-growthForestsintheSemiarid

ZoneofPernambuco,BrazilSilva,J.A.A.1;Gadelha,F.H.L1;Ferreira,R.L.C.1;Lyra,M.R.C.C2.

1: Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Forest Science, Recife, Pernambuco,Brazil,E-Mail:[email protected]:IFPE,DepartmentofEnvironmentalScience,Recife,Pernambuco,Brazil

TheGypsumPoleofAraripe located in thesemiaridzoneofPernambuco is responsible for97%oftheBrazilianplasterproduction.Themainenergysourcetoproduceplasteristhefirewoodfromthenativevegetation,calledCaatinga(whiteforest),mainlyasfunctionofthelowcostswhencomparedtootherenergysources.Theannualgrowthoftheplasterindustryvariesbetween10and15%,andin 2014, the annual production of plaster was 5.6 million tons, resulting in a consumption ofapproximately850,000m3offirewood.ThetimberstockoftheCaatingaintheregionislowandthevolumetric productivity in terms of mean annual increment (MAI) is around 5 m3.ha-1 which isextremelyinsufficienttosupplythedemandoftheplasterindustry.Astheplasterproductiongrows,occursanincreaseinthefirewooddemandforthecalcinationofgypsumthatisdehydratedathighertemperatures to become plaster. As consequence, more areas of Caatinga are devastated, mostoften, illegally. The objective of this study was to evaluate the volumetric development of threeclones of Eucalyptus (C39 and C41 hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla and C11 hybrid of Eucalyptusbrassiana) at five different spacings (2mx1m, 2mx2m, 3mx2m, 3mx3m and 4mx2m) in two forestmanagementsystems(highforestandcoppice)intheGypsumPoleofAraripe.Theexperimentwasestablished at the Experimental Station of the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco (IPA) in themunicipalityofAraripina.Totalheight(H)andcircumferenceatbreastheight(CBH)ofalltreesweremeasured every sixmonths. The strict volumeof sample treeswere determined at 30, 36 and 42months. The experimental design used was a multivariate design of repeated measurements. Inaddition, it was applied the Scott-Knott test that separated the treatments in three volumetricgroups (A, B and C). For volumetric modeling were adjusted models based on the classical andsymmetrical approaches using the Normal and t-Student distributions. The models of Brody,Chapman-Richard, Schumacher andHall, Silva-Bailey and Spurrwereadjusted to thedata set. Thefinalanalysis indicated thatall clonesplanted in2mX1mspacing in thehigh forest systemand thecloneC41 in2mx2mspacingshowedhigherproductivity.Cloneshandledunderhigh forest systemshowedhigher survival rate.Comparing theclones conducted inboth forestmanagement systemsthemostproductivewasthecloneC39.TheadjustedmodelsintheclassicalapproachwerethemostsuitableforthetreatmentsingroupsAandB.InthegroupCthemodelwithbestperformancewasBrodyusingthesymmetricalapproach.ThefinancialanalysisconcludedthatthecloneC41in2mx2mandthecloneC39in3mX2mspacingshowedthehighestnetpresentvalue(NPV)andhenceloweraverageproductioncostsperm³ofwood.Therefore, itcanbeconcludedthatclonesofEucalyptusmustbeusedinreforestationprojectswithenergypurposes.Inaddition,thedevastationofCaatingawillbeattenuatedwiththeofferinshorttimeofEucalyptusfirewoodtotheplasterindustry.

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SpatialOccupationoftheEucalyptusPlantationsandSustainableForestManagementPlans(Sfmp)ofCaatingainSemiaridRegionofPernambuco-Brazil

Silva,J.A.A.1,Rocha,K.D.1,FERREIRA,R.L.C.1

1:FederalRuralUniversityofPernambuco,DepartmentofForestScience,Recife,Pernambuco,Brazil,[email protected]

Located in biome Caatinga (white forest), the Araripe region is undergoing a major anthropicpressureovertheyearsbythegrowingdemandforrenewablenaturalresources,especiallywiththeuse of firewood for dehydration of gypsum, raw material for production of plaster. The Arariperegionproduces97%ofplasterconsumedinBrazil,andthefirewoodremovedfromtheCaatingaisthe main energy source. The firewood supply from sustainable forest management plans (SFMP)doesnotreachthe5%oftheplasterindustrydemand.Thus,mostofthefirewoodconsumedintheregionis illegallyremovedfromCaatinga, increasingsignificantlythedegradationofvegetationandbiodiversityof theregion.Thus, the introductionof fast-growingspeciesasEucalyptus indegradedareas of the regionmay constitute as an economically and environmentally viable option for thesupplyoffirewoodinashortertime,reducingthedevastationoftheCaatinga.Theobjectiveofthisstudy was to simulate the spatial occupation of Eucalyptus plantations and SFMP of Caatinga tosupply the plaster industry demand from the year 2019, when it will be made the first cut ofEucalyptus stands planted in 2012 (rotation of 7 years) and the cutting of SFMP started in 2004(rotation of 14 years), considering the yields of 0.125 and 0.151m3 per ton of plaster produced,respectively,forfirewoodfromEucalyptusandSFMP.Themeanannualincrement(MAI)ofCaatingainfertileareas isaround5.35m3.ha-1.AnexperimentwithclonesofEucalyptus intheregionhadaMAI of 27.10 m3.ha-1, resulting in 189.70 m3.ha-1 at rotation age. This produces 1517.60 tons ofplasterperhectare.Adoptinganannualgrowthofplasterindustryaround10%,takingasabasistheyear2012,in2019,theplasterproductionwillbe12.67milliontons,requiringa1.58millionofm3ofthe eucalyptus firewood and 1.91millionm3 of firewood from SFMP, from8348.70 and 25488.80hectares,respectivelyofplantationsofEucalyptusandSFMP.Calculatingthespatialequivalency,i.e.theratiooftheareacutwithEucalyptusandPMFS,impliesthat1.00hectareplantedwithEucalyptuscorrespondsto3.05hectaresofSFMP.Consideringarotationof14yearsforaSFMPandstartingaplantation of Eucalyptus in the year of the SFMP beginning it will result in two rotations withEucalyptus. Thus the spatial equivalence becomes 6.10, i.e. a plantation of 1.00 ha of Eucalyptuscorrespondsto6.10hectaresofPMFS.Intheregionthereareavailableareas,thespatialoccupationofEucalyptusplantationsintheArariperegionwillbemadeinareasconducivetorecovery,withouttheneedtodeforestareascoveredbynativevegetation,onthecontrary,theplantingofEucalyptusbecauseof its fastgrowthandhighproductivitywhencomparedwith theCaatingavegetationwillprovide firewood in greater quantity and shortest time, which will result in attenuation of thedevastationoftheCaatinga.

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ProductivityandSurvivalRateofThreeForestSpeciesinAgresticSouthernofPernambuco,Brazil

Silva,J.A.A.1;Serpa,P.R.K.1;Ferreira,R.L.C.1.

1: Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Forest Science, Recife, Pernambuco,Brazil,E-Mail:[email protected]

IntheAgresticSouthernofPernambuco,thenativevegetationisCaatinga(whiteforest).Theregionis going througha criticalmoment in its energymatrix as functionof the lowavailabilityof forestresources,eventhoughthewoodisthemainsourceofenergyintheregionwhoseintensivelanduseis for agriculture. The expansion of this activity requires more areas for crop plantations andconsequentlythedeforestationofareaswithnativevegetation.Currently,thereis lowforestcoverabletoexploitationbecauseonly20%oforiginalvegetationremainsintheregion.Also,therearenoresearchorreforestationprogramsintheregionandtheexploitationofvegetationoccursunplanneddue to thevirtualabsenceof sustainable forestmanagementplans.Evenwith theapprovalof theBrazilianForestCodein2012,explorationinthisregionhappensmostoftenillegally.Therefore,itisnecessary to research on fast-growth forests in that region to supply the demand of wood forindustriesandpopulation.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastocomparetheperformanceoftwoclonesof Eucalyptus: C0321(E. grandis x E. urophylla) and C2361 (hybrid of E. grandis)) and the species:Eucalyptusurophylla,Corymbiacitriodora,MimosacaesalpiniaefoliaandAzadirachtaindica,throughthemeasurementsofthedendrometricvariables:diameteratbreastheight (DBH), totalheight (H)andvolume(V)anditsrelationshipwithtwodifferentspacings(2mx2mand3mx2m)toevaluatethesurvival rate and adaptationof species to local conditions. The experimentwas established at theExperimental Station of the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco (IPA) in the municipality of SãoBento doUna. The experimental design adoptedwas a completely randomized design.Datawerecollectedattheageoffiveyears.ThevolumeofthetreesweredeterminedbytheSmalianmethod.M.caesalpiniifoliashowedsurvivalratefrom94.0%to98.0%andA.indicaasurvivalrateof96.0%inbothspacing.Fortheclones,E.urophyllaandC.citriodora thesurvivalratesrangedfrom45.3%to85.0%. The highest average DBH valueswere found for E. urophylla in the spacing 3mx2mwhichshowed 10.00 cm and the clone 0321 with 9.23 cm in the spacing 3mx2m. The treatments thatshowedthehighestmeanheightwereE.urophyllawith10.92minthespacing3mx2mand9.62minthespacing2mx2m.Clone0321presented10.87minthespacing3mx2mand10.23mfor2mx2m.The clone 2361 presented 10,15m in the spacing 3mx2m. The volumes per hectarewas higher inplantations with clones 0321 and 2361 in the spacing 2mx2m with values of 79.195 m³.ha-1 and63.653m³.ha-1,respectively.A.indicaevenwithahighsurvivalrateshowedsmallvaluesofDBH,Handvolume.Therefore,itcanbeconcludedthattheclones0321and2361meetsbestconditionstodevelop in areas subject to water restrictions, such as those that occur in soil and climatecharacteristicsoftheAgresticSouthernofPernambuco,Brazil.

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StrategiesforthesustainablemanagementonprivateforestinsouthernBrazilAfonsoFigueiredoFilho1,CarlosHenriqueBoscardinNauiack²,

ArturPetkau3

1:UniversidadeEstadualdoCentroOeste/UNICENTRO,Irati,Brazil,[email protected]:UniversidadeEstadualdoCentroOeste/UNICENTRO,Irati,Brazil,[email protected]:HochschulefürForstwirtschaftRottenburg/HFR,Rottenburg,Germany

TheAraucariaForest,mostimportantforesttypeinsouthernBrazil,washeavilyexploitedinthelastcentury.Originally,theforestcoveredanareaof175,000km2insouthernBrazil(IBGE,1992).Basedonthisstudyandaccordingtothemostrecentstudies, theAraucariaForesthasonly22,5%oftheoriginalcoveragearea(PROBIO,2007).ThereasonfortheAraucariaForestlargereductioninareaisexplainedbythelandneedforagricultureandlivestock,aswellastheuseoftheforestwood.Thispredatoryformofexploitationchangedallthefloristicandtheforeststructure,whichresultedinadiscontinuousforestdistribution.Becauseofthisexploitationmodel,since2001theAraucariaForestis currently under various restrictions, including several species had their use prohibited. At thepresent moment, 14 years after the legal restriction, it has been proved the inefficiency of themechanism used to preserve the Araucaria Forest. Most of the landowner sees the forest as aproblemthatpreventshimfromusingmorespacetoproducesomethingthatcangenerateincomeand improve their living conditions. The researchproject aims to carry out technical and scientificstudiestodemonstrateasustainableusefortheAraucariaForests.Theknowledgebaserequiredtoimplementtheresearchhasbeenbuiltoverthelastfouryearsoftheprojectandalsothroughothernumerousresearchcarriedoutbyresearcherswhichcurrentlymakeuptheprojecttechnicalteam.Theprojecthasdevelopedseveralactivitiesin36smallfarms(lessthan50ha),startingwithlanduse,socioeconomic and forest resources survey. Among the 36 farms, four of them currently haveAraucaria Forest ina condition to receive the forestmanagementexperiment.Beforedefining thetreatmentsasurveyof forest resourceswasconducted,with the inventoryat100%(census).Withthe inventory datawas possible to realize that the forests studiedwere distinct from each other.Therefore, the forestswere stratified into threedifferent strataaccording to their similarities. Thestratificationwasperformedbyusingmultivariatestatisticsandthevariablesusedinthedefinitionof thestratawere:basalareaandnumberofbroadleaf trees,basalareaandnumberofAraucariaangustifolia. The Araucaria tree is considered themost important specie in economic terms. Thethreestratageneratedwereclassifiedasfollows:dominanceofAraucaria(StratumI),dominanceofbroadleaf (Stratum II), balance between broadleaf and Araucaria (stratum III). The strata showedgreatvariabilityamong themand for this reasonspecific treatmentshavebeenproposed foreachstratum. In 2015 the research started in the stratum I and four treatments were applied. ThetreatmentsweredefinedbythecutofagivenpercentageoftheAraucariaangustifoliabasalarea:20%, 35%and50%. The treatments thatwill be applied in theother strata in the years 2016 and2017areunderstudy.Finally,theprojectaimstodevelopthesustainableusefortheforest,whichcouldbeamodeltobereplicatedinmanysimilarforestfragmentsinsouthernBrazil.FinancedbyParaná(75%)/Baden-Württemberg(25%)

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WhataretheimpactsofthenewBrazilianlegislationonforestsfrom2001onthebehaviorofthelocalforestownersinregardtotheforesttreatment?Are

thereanychangesvisiblebecauseoftherevisionin2012?FlorentinJaeger

University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Department of Forest Economics and ForestBusinessStudies,Rottenburg,Germany,[email protected]

This bachelor thesis is a preliminary survey for the research project "Institutional Change in theForestPolicyofBrazilanditsImpactonthebehaviorofthelandusers."The research was conducted in the south of Brazil, in the state of Paraná. In this region, landownershipisstronglycharacterizedbythepossessionofonlyafewacresofland.TheBrazilianForestActwasamendedtoa largeextent in2001andthenagain in2012.Oneaimofthenewlegislationwas to improve the situation of small-scale private forest owners. Under the old law there weremanylegalrequirementswithregardstoforestreservesetc.whichtheforestownercouldnotmeet.Under thenew law, there isabanon thecommercialuseof sometreespecies.Certainprotectedareascanbemergedinordertomeetthelegalrequirements.The core questionof this study concerns the impact of this legislation on forest treatment by thesmallprivateforestowners. Inordertoassessthe impact, the lawswerestudiedandatheoreticalexplanatory frameworkwas developed.On this basis, a hypothesiswas derived from the relevantlawsandsocialtheories.Thishypothesisthenconstitutedthebasisoftheinterviewguide.Withthisinterviewguideatotalofeleveninterviewswereconductedintheresearcharea.Notonlytheforestownerswereinterviewed,butalsotheobserversofforestownerswereinterviewedonthesubject.TheseobserversweretheofficialsoftheStateMinistryofNaturalResources&Environment.As a result of the investigations it canbe stated that the newBrazilian forest lawhas only a verylimitedimpactonforesttreatmentbyforestowners intheresearchregion.Theeffect is limitedtopreventinglargerclearcutsandithasbecomemoreacceptableforthelandownerstoacceptcertaintypes of nature reserves. The ban on the use of some tree species even has a counterproductiveeffect:Thesetreespecieshavethusbecomeunprofitableforthelandownersandarebeingremoved.Thefactthatthelandownersarelargely ignorantofthelawisalsoanimportantreasonastowhythelawhashadsuchaweakimpact.

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Therushonthetropicalrainforest:strategiesofappropriationandreconfigurationofnatureandlocalpopulationatthelowerAmazonand

TapajósRiversinWest-Pará,BrazilKarinMaritaNaase

Institute for Comparative Cultural Research, Department of Cultural and Social Anthropology,Philipps-UniversityofMarburg,Marburg,Germany,E-Mail:[email protected]

The transformation of public and local population's territories at the lower Amazon and TapajósRiversinWest-Paráisaccompaniedbytheappropriationofrainforest'sbio-resources(land,timber)by migrant farmers and entrepreneurs of extensive agriculture (soybean production, cattlebreeding), who substitute local forest gatherer's and smallholders' territories into extractiveexploration systems. Through these processes, local people lose their physical and symboliclandscapes of meaning and belonging, as social, economic and environmental decompositionaccelerate. Local people sometimes organize collective action in coalition with social andenvironmentalmovements;buttheyoftenaccepttheirfatetothedetrimentoftheirownrightsandwell-being. Against this background, I explore these processes exemplarily at the environmentalconservationunitFlorestaNacionalTapajós(FLONA)anditsbufferzoneattheTapajósRiverinWestPará, Amazon, Brazil. Due to the implementation of mega-infrastructure projects, i. e. maritimeharborsattheTapajósandAmazonRiverinSantarémandatthetownItaituba(planned),whicharenavigable for soybeanvessels, and thebituminizationof thehigh-wayBR-163,which connects thesoybean fields of Mato Grosso to Santarém, as well as due to the South-American developmentprogramIIRSA,theregionisundergoingdrasticchanges.Natureaswellaslocalpeople,theirwaysofliving and their social organizations are affected. My concern is to show what processes areunderway, how the Brazilian state takes part in this endeavor, andwhat smallholders' options totheseprocessesare. Iarguethata)strategicpartnershipsexistbetweentheprivatesectorandthestate; b) the state constantly transforms territories in dependence of the political and economicpowerplay;c)thestatefacilitatesthetransformationofcommonsandotherformsoflocalpeoples'land property regimes into commodities; and d) one important instrument hereby is the re-classificationandre-labellingofsocialandethnicgroupsthroughwelfareprogramsinordertoadjustthepopulationtostrategicgovernmentplanning.Baseforthispaperprovideempiricaldata,whichIcollected over the last three years at the lower Amazon and Tapajós Rivers in West-Pará in thecontext of a German Research Foundation (DFG) funded project, in cooperation with Brazilianresearchentitiesaswellassocialmovements,whichhavebeenworking intheregionfordecades.Methodologicaltoolsareenvironmentaloralhistoryandtheanalysisofpropertyrightssystems.

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PoorLandUse,PoorHealth:primarypreventionofhumanhealththroughsoundland-useforsmall-scalefarmersofthehumidtropic-ThePLUPHProjectCarlosJoséSousaPassos1,ChristineRomaña2,FrédéricMertens3,RobertDavidson4,MarcLucotte5

1: Faculty UnB at Planaltina & Centre for Sustainable Development, University of Brasília, Brasília(DF),Brazil,[email protected]:UniversityofParisV(RenéDescartes),Paris,France3:CentreforSustainableDevelopment,UniversityofBrasília,Brasília(DF),Brazil4:BiodomeofMontreal,Montreal(Quebec),Canada5:InstituteofEnvironmentalSciences,UniversityofQuebecatMontreal,Montreal(Quebec),Canada

Deforestation for small-scale agriculture has been associated to health risks for vulnerablepopulations in the Amazon. For instance, slash-and-burn activities have been (1) favouring thetransferofnaturally-occurringmercury(Hg) fromsoils intoaquaticecosystemsandresulting inthecontaminationoffishresources;(2)increasingtheriskofhumanexposuretoTrypanosomacruziandhenceAmericanTrypanosomiasis(Chagasdisease),followingtheproliferationofAttaleapalmsupondeforestation,Attaleabeingthemainforestecotopefortriatomineinsectvectorsofthepathogenicprotozoan. The PLUPH project - http://www.pluph.uqam.ca - part of the Canadian Global HealthResearch Initiative, has used these two environmental health emergent problems as exemplarypretexts to address primary prevention of human health through sound land-use for small-scalefarmers. Ithasfully integratedsocio-economicandbiophysicaldimensionsandhasunfolded intheTapajósRegionwatershed,anactivepioneerfrontwherebotholdripariancommunitiesandnewlyestablished inland colonies are found. Among other things, we mapped the basic epidemiologicsystem of the American Trypanosomiasis in the study area, identifying the Attalea palms localspecies,theirinfestationbytriatomines,thelevelofT.cruziinfectionofinsectsandtheirdispersionbetween palm trees. In parallel, we characterised the transfer of Hg from terrestrial to aquaticecosystems according to different land-use strategies, and assessed the human exposure to thiscontaminant taking into account both dietary, cultural, and socio-economic features of smallagricultural and fishing riparian communities. The scientific results of our project are now beingapplied to design sustainable agroecosystems and used to promote education, modes of ruraldevelopment and public policies inland Amazon, combining population health and environmentalprotection.

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FlightControlandNavigationforscalableandarbitrarilydimensionedUAVandmannedMulticopters

ReinerJäger,JerominSchwenk,JanZwiener

InstituteofAppliedResearch(IAF),KarlsruheUniversityofAppliedSciences(HSKA)

TheNAVKAnavigationtechnologiesat IAF/HSKAwereawardedasBadenWürttembergwinnerandon international level with bronze, among 434 competitors in the European Satellite NavigationCompetition(ESNC)2014[1].The NAVKA flight control system (algorithms, software and hardware) is part of the abovetechnologies. Itwasdevelopedby the authors in the scopeof theNAVKAproject [2] and the ZIMproject [3] at IAF/HSKA. The flight control system can be used for the navigation and control ofmulticopter UAV and manned multicopters. Hereby the multicopters can be designed scalable inrespectto

• Applications• Size• Payloads• Sensorequipments.

Theflightnavigationandcontrolsystem isbasedonredundantGNSS,MEMS,cameraandMOEMSsensors.Possibleapplicationsanduse-casesforthedevelopedNAVKAflightcontrolsystemonUAVandmannedVolocoptersare:

• 3Dmappingandgeosensing• Filmindustry• Searchandrescueofpeople• AgricultureUAV• FacilitymanagementandmonitoringUAV• Wild-lifeprotection• TransportUAV• Fire-Fightingairvehicles• ABCsensingUAVforemergencyevent• Environment-friendlyandsilentmannedairtaxis

The abovementioned further sensors, e.g. cameras, laser scanners, radar andothers canbe geo-referenced by using the state-vector of the UAV navigation. Changes in the payload are detectedautomatically and considered in the physical properties of the UAV and manned aircraft,respectively.Themathematicalmodelsofthenavigationandcontrolalgorithmsandthecompletesystemdesign(NAVKArine-FC-4) are presented. The running further developments on the NAVKA flight controlsystemarealsopartofthepresentation.DifferentUAVandmannedvolocopters,wheretheNAVKAflightcontrolalreadyrunsareshown.References[1]ESNC2015Website:www.esnc.info/index.php?anzeige=bawue14.html[2]WebSiteNAVKAProject:www.navka.de[3]WebsiteZIMProjectVolocopter:http://www.navka.de/index.php/de/ueberblick-evolo

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PosterPresentations

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EconomicIncomeofReducedImpactLogging(RIL)intheAmazon:thecaseoftheNationalForestJamari

Sant’Anna,CleversondeMello,[email protected],UniversidadeFederaldoMatoGrossodoSul,FaculdadedeEngenharias,CampoGrande–MS,Brazil

Since 2010 three private companies, Madeflona, Sakura and Amata, received the award for thecommercial exploitation of 96,000 ha of the National Forest Jamari in the Amazon. The forestconcession allows the exploitation of timber and non-timber resources, as well as offeringecotouristic services.May be considered non-wood resources: the forestry residues (leaves, bark,stumps and roots), seeds, oils, Brazilian nuts, rubber andaçaí. The Forest Concession of a ForestManagementUnitrequiresamanagementsysteminrotationforaperiodof30years.TheprinciplesoftheForestConcessionsystemare:SustainableForestManagementandReducedImpactLogging.Onlycommerciallyvaluabletreesover50cmindiametercanberemovedandtheirbranches,sothenumberof treesperhectare is low. Themain criteria for the selectionof concessionaires loggingcompanies are: the creation of jobs for the surrounding communities and the proportion of jobscreated for women compared to men. In the first 3 years of Reduced Impact Logging in Jamaritropical forest, from 2010 to 2012, there were managed 86,520 m3. For this production, theconcessionairescompanieshavepaidUS$2,081,737.00totheBrazilianForestService.Theresultofthese good management practices is a more sustainably managed forest that is harvested at anappropriate leveland insuchawaythatminimizescollateraldamagetostreams,soil,wildlife,andnon-harvesttreesandalsoreduceswoodwaste.

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EvaluationofflowinwatershedinVillaMaleaSpainManuelEstebanLucas-Borja1;ValdemirAntonioRodrigues2;MikaelTimóteoRodrigues3;

ArgenisRafaelIzquielMosqueda4

1:DepartmentofAgroforestryTechnologyandScienceandGenetics,SchoolofAdvancedAgriculturalEngineering,CastillaLaManchaUniversity,CampusUniversitarios/n,Albacete,Spain.Email:[email protected]:DepartmentofForest,FacultyofAgriculturalScience,UniversityEstadualPaulista-FCA/UNESPBotucatu-SãoPaulo-Brazil.3:Doutorando,FacultyofAgriculturalScience,UniversityEstadualPaulista-FCA/UNESP–Botucatu,SãoPaulo-Brazil.4:CátedradeRiegoyDrenaje,FacultaddeAgronomía,UniversidadCentraldeVenezuela.

TheobjectivewastoevaluatethepotentialforwaterproductionthroughtheflowofwatershedinVillaMalea-Spain.ThewatershedislocatedinCuenca,CastillaLaMancharegion–Spain,whichislimitedbetweenthefollowingcoordinates:latitude:39º21'54.57(N);1º30'23.83longitude(W)andaltitude:625meters.ThedeterminationoftheriverflowwasheldinApril2015,throughthedirectmethod"volume(ml)pertime(s)"inaspillway,withknownvolumedisposedatanunknowntime,whichisthecollectionofwateringraduatecontainerforaspecifiedtimeinseconds,recordedwithtimer,toobtainthetimelyflowin(L.s-1).ThepointmeasurementswereperformedonaspillwayattheendofRiverwatershedtoestimatethewaterfloworinstantaneousflowrate(Q).Theaveragedataresultedinavolumeof5liters(L)bytheaveragetimeof42.15seconds(s)obtainedfrom6replicates,resultinginproductionof0.118(L.s-1),10195.2(L.dia-1),theaverageflowrateofQ=10.2m3.día-1.Therunoffisahydrologicalprocessofinteractionbetweenrainfallandthephysiographicconditionsofthewatershedandtheflowistheresultofthisprocess.Thewaterproductioncanbevariableintimeandspacespecifictoeachregion(RODRIGUES,2014),anddependonregularrainfall,physiographicconditionsandthemanagementplanandmanagementadoptedinthewatershed.Itwasconcludedthatthiswatershedisinrecoveryprocess,withconservationpracticesandthepossibilityofincreasingthedailyflowofwater.Rodrigues, V. A. Avaliação dos processos hidrológicos em microbacias hidrográficas. 125 f. Tese(Livredocência)–UniversidadeEstadualPaulista.FaculdadedeCiênciasAgronômicas.Botucatu.SãoPaulo.Brasil.2014.

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InnovativebiomassproductionfromrootandstumpwoodofEucalyptusGrandisforenergygenerationinBrazil

LutzMichaelis1,EduardodaSilvaLopes2,StefanPelz3

1: University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Master program SENCE, Germany,[email protected]: Universidade Estadual de Centro Oeste – UNICENTRO, Forestry Engineering, Irati, Brazil,[email protected]:OperfloraOperaçõesFlorestaisS.A.,PortoFeliz,Brazil,[email protected]

Thewoodproduction inBrazil ismainlyprovidedbyplanted forestsofwith72,0% ispredominantspeciestheEucalyptustree.ItspansmainlyovertheBrazilianstatesofMG,SP,PR,SC,BAandMS1.Fromthe283,4millioncubicmetersofwoodextracted in2013 inBrazil, roughly50%areusedfortheproductionofbiofuels likevegetablecoalandfirewood2.However,theenergyproductionfromthese sources and wood waste represents only 0,28% (405,3MW) in the Brazilian generation ofelectricalenergy3.Toharvestthisrawmaterial, thecurrentproductionsystemisusingmechanizedforestrymachineryliketheharvester.Thisexcludestheplantpartsbeneaththesoil likestumpandroot material for natural decay or mechanized depression due to the disruptive potential duringharvest and replantation4. However, especially these parts represent a densewoodmaterial withhighcalorificvalues.Toanalyzethepotentialoftheseplantpartsforenergyproduction,theBrazilianforestrycompanyOperflora-OperaçõesFlorestais,developedanewprocesstoharvestandprocessthese plant parts5. As a result of the laboratorial analysis by the UNICENTRO, the physicalcharacteristics are an initial averagemoistureof 50%, anaveragebulkdensityof ~97 kg/m³whendriedandwithawiderangeingrainsizebetween1and12cm.Thechemicalspecificationsresultedinalignincontentof~35%andlowerheatingvalueof~4200kWh/m³.Withmorethan5,47millionhectares of Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil, this creates new opportunity for the integratedproductionwoodchipsforenergyproductionfrombiomasswithoutadditionallanduseandanfasterplantation rotation as a positive by-product6. However, the identified challenges are the highassociatedcontentofsoilmaterialduringtheproductionandprocessingphaseandthefinalcostsofthewoodchipsduetotheelevatedproductioncosts.Also,intermsoftheassociatedenvironmentalimpactsof removing theseplantparts fromthe soil, are further scientific investigationsnecessary.Especiallydueto the fact, that theabsentof therecirculationofminerals fromthematerial in thesoilbydecaymakes itnecessary toutilize increasinglyartificial fertilizer fornewseedlingsand theheightenedsusceptibilitytoerosion.1: IBGE (5.12.2013) Produção da Extração Vegetal e da Silvicultura. Access 09.04.2015:http://tinyurl.com/kn8t4bf2:SNIF(06.01.2015)BoletimInformativoExtraçãoMadeireira2013.Access09.04.2015:http://tinyurl.com/mnjmnyw3:ANEEL(9.4.2015)CapacidadeGeraçãoBrasil.Access09.04.2015:http://tinyurl.com/mcpfnlo4:Borin,E.J.(17.05.2014)Personalinterview5:http://www.operflora.com.br/6: Serviço Florestal Brasileiro (25.3.2015) | SFB – As Florestas Plantadas, Access 09.04.2015:http://www.florestal.gov.br/snif/recursos-florestais/as-florestas-plantadas

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Modellinghuman-environmentinteractionsina smallholderagriculturalsystemon theAtlanticRainforest(RibeiraValley,SP.Brazil),withthe useofa coupledsocio-ecological

model.

Munari,L.C.1;Adams,C.2;Marohn,C.3; Troost,C.1; Berger,T.1

1: Institute of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences in the Tropics and Subtropics,Department for Land Use Economics in the Tropics and Subtropics, UniversitätHohenheim,Stuttgart,Germany,[email protected]: Laboratory of Human Ecology, School of Arts, Sciences & Humanities, University of SãoPaulo,BR.3: InstituteofPlantProductionandAgroecology in theTropicsandSubtropics,Departmentfor Plant Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart,Germany

Most AtlanticForestremnants are found in the RibeiraValley (southeastBrazil),oneoftheworld's biodiversity hotspots. Ribeira Valley is also home to Afro-Brazilian quilombocommunities,ruralgroupsdescendingfromformer slaves.Thefirstquilombosettlementsinthe regionwereformedduringthe 18th century,andsurvivedin relative isolation thanksto shifting cultivation, a subsistence agricultural system inwhichfallowperiods(used forsoil recovery) are longer thancultivating periods.During the last decades, the quilombosystem has been intensified in response to socioeconomic, geographic and politicalfactors,withhigherdependenceonthemarket for foodstuffsand diminishedsocialcapitalinlabor. Also, new technologieshave arrived and quickly been diffused.As a result, landuse has been changing: fallow periods have been shortened, plot rotation hasdecreased, and nowadays the production is more focused on cash crops. Moreover,environmental laws haveconstrained the traditionalagricultural system practice.Ouraimis to couple a biophysical landscape and asocio-economic multi-agent models, to helpfarmers to plan future land use. The tool is expected to assist in optimizing the localresourcesuse, improvingquilombos’ livelihoods andminimizing ecological impacts. In orderto do so, we are going to identify factors influencing households in the decision-makingprocess related to land use and to model, among the main productionaspects, theprocess of technologyadoptionand diffusion.Wewillalsosimulate theconsequences ofshiftingcultivationpracticesand recent landuse changesonthelocalforestlandscape.The catchment to be simulated is Pedro Cubas community (Eldorado – SP), with 50households and 3806.23 ha. The chosen method is to build a socioeconomic andinstitutionalscenario,whichwillbe modeledbyMPMAS(MathematicalProgramming-basedMulti-Agent Systems). MPMAS combines a cellular component representing a physicallandscapewith anagent-basedcomponentrepresentingdecision-making.But, inorder torepresentthe system’sproductivity-as thecombinationof soil structure, topography, andfallow forest biomass -, MPMAS will be coupled with LUCIA (Land Use Change ImpactAssessmenttool).LUCIAdynamicallysimulatesplotand landscapehydrology,soildynamicsand plant growth. In an additional step, the coupled simulations are going to producemaps, that will be used to model landuse impactsontreespeciesdiversity.Aspeciesdistribution model will quantify species–environment relationships, and calculate theprobabilityof findingdeterminedspecies across aheterogeneouslandscape.Weexpectthe describedmethods to be able todynamically capture the complex relationsbetweenecology and economics, the forest landscape and farmers’ decision making, in quilomboterritories.

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CantheoptimizationofairflowincommercialCAstorageroomforapplesreducetheconsumptionofenergy?

D.A.Neuwald1*,D.Kittemann1,M.Spuhler1,G.Rux2,M.Linke2andM.Geyer2

1: Competence Centre for Fruit Growing - Lake Constance, and Physiology of Specialty Crops,UniversityofHohenheim,Ravensburg,Germany2:LeibnizInstituteforAgriculturalEngineering,PotsdamBornime.V.,Potsdam,Germany

Air circulation is one of the most important parameters during fruit storage, as it has a crucialinfluenceontheclimatewithinthestorageroom.Duringthreeyearsweinvestigatedtheimpactofstorage roommodificationsonair flow. Theparameters investigatedwere temperature, humidity,airvelocity,weightlossandfruitqualitydistribution.Therefore,twocommercialCArooms(40tonseach), one without (‘non-optimized’) and the other one with (‘optimized’) air deflector andevaporatorsealing-off,wereequippedwithfruittemperaturesensorsat9differentfixedpositionsinthe room. At the same positions, air velocity was measured with a hand held anemometer. Inaddition,relativehumidityandairtemperaturewereloggedduringstorageperiod.Weightlossandfruit quality (firmness, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and skin colour) of the apples weredetermined after 7 months of CA storage. Beginning with the second year we determined thetranspirationrateofthefruit.Inthethirdyearweinstalledfurthermorefourmobilemeasuring-armsat the ceiling of the room, each with 10 hot-wire anemometers (m/s), to determine air flowdistribution. On the front and back wall of the room additionally 9 hot-wire anemometers wereinstalledtodetermineupanddownstreams.IneachCA-roomanevaporimeter,twopsychrometersandtwocapacitivehumiditysensorswereinstalledtoevaluaterelativehumidityandtoanalyzethedifferentmeasurementmethods. The summarized data of the third yearwill be presented in theposter.Theaveragevaluesoffruittemperaturewerelowerinthe‘optimized’roomforallmeasuredpoints during first and second year. Concerning fruit quality no differences have been observedbetweenbothroomsanddifferentpositionsintherooms.Thetranspirationratesweremeasuredintheroomsduringsecondyear,werehigherintheoptimizedroom.Possiblycausedbyanincreasedevaporationdue tohigher air velocities at fruit surface. In contrast to these finding and to resultsfromthefirstyear,insecondyearweightlosswasslightlylowerinfruitfromthe‘optimized’room.Infurther experimentswewill determine the necessary air turnover because the energy demand ofstorage facilities is directly correlated to ventilators runtimes. For that matter it is important toinclude the determination of air turbulences to support a comprehensive interpretation of airvelocitymeasurements.

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FlowRateandWaterInfiltrationinthreecoversSoilValdemirAntonioRodrigues1;ManuelEstebanLucas-Borja2;JoséMariaTarjuelo2

1:DepartmentofForest,FacultyofAgriculturalScience,UniversidadeEstadualPaulista-FCA/UNESP-Botucatu-SãoPaulo-Brazil.E-mails:[email protected]:DepartmentofAgroforestryTechnologyandScienceandGenetics,SchoolofAdvancedAgriculturalEngineering,CastillaLaManchaUniversity,Campus,Universitarios/n,CP02071Albacete,Spain.

The forestplaysa fundamental role in the regulationofhydrologicalprocesses inwatersheds.Theobjectivesweretoquantifythehydrologicalprocessesindifferentsoilcover,analyzingthedynamicfunctionof thevegetation in thewater, sediment loadinganderosioncontrolplots.TheworkwascarriedoutonthefarmSãoManuel,FacultyofAgriculturalSciences(FCA-UNESP).Thecircularplotsin soil: forest cover, grasses and naked bare soil. The simulations were performed with watervolumes in liters (L), time inseconds (s) inanareaknown(cm2).Theteachingevaluationmodelofhydrologicalprocesseswasdevelopedwithcylindricalbrassrings,with57cmofdiameterandareaof0.26m2,fixedontheground,withoutputdevicewaterrunoffandsedimentinplastictube(PVC)withoneinchindiameterplasticcoupledfrom2to5(L)toberemovableintheactofreadingthetimeofmeasurement of flow (cm3) and the sediments in grams (g). Quantifying processes (mm)may beperformedafterthenaturalrainfallorprecipitationafterthesimulationatanytime.Theparametersanalyzed were: precipitation (P), rainfall intensity (I), runoff (Qds) water infiltration (If) runoffcoefficient(CR)andcarriedsediments(S).Theresultsofthevariablesprecipitationintensity,runoff,infiltrationwerecollected in litersandprocessed inmillimeters.Through the relationshipbetweenflowandprecipitation,gotthecoefficientofrunoff(CR),andthesedimentswerequantifiedadducedbydryweight(g).Thetypesoflandcoverinfluencetherunoff,infiltrationandsedimentmobilization.The runoff coefficient was lower in the presence of vegetation resulting in increased waterinfiltration into the soil,while theerosionand sediment increased inunprotected soil altering thedynamicsofwaterandallowingerosion,siltingandfloodsinthedrainagenetworkofthewatershed.Therefore concludes that the forest plays an important role in the sustainability of water inwatersheds.

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SoilphysicalevaluationofEucalyptusgrandisreforestationintheperiodsdryandrainy.

Rodrigues,V.A1,Enz,T.R2,Oliveira,J.B2,Capoani,M.T3

1:ForestScienceProfessor,FacultyofAgriculturalScience,UniversityEstadualPaulista–FCAUNESP-Botucatu-SãoPaulo-Brazil.Email:[email protected]:ForestEngineeringStudent,FacultyofAgriculturalScience,UniversityEstadualPaulista–FCAUNESP-Botucatu-SãoPaulo-Brazil.3:Agronomist,LwarcelCompanyinthecityofLençóisPaulista,SãoPaulo,Brazil

Thephysicalpropertiesofthesoilasmoisture,densityandporositycanservestudiestoassistinthesearch for productivity of wood in reforested areas with Eucalyptus. These physical factors areinterrelatedandareresponsibleforthe infiltrationofwaterretentionanddrainage inthesoil.Thegoalswere soil physical evaluationofEucalyptusgrandis reforestation,with6.5 and7.0 yearsold,andbareground,intheperiods:dryandrainy.ThestudiedareasarelocatedatLwarcelcompany,inthe city of Lençóis Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in layers 0 to 100centimeters(cm)inJune2014andMarch2015,periodscharacterizedas:dryandrainy.Thesampleswerebroughttothelaboratoryfordeterminationofmoisturecontent,particledensityandporosityof thesoil.Tocalculatethemoisturecontent, itusedthewetmassanddrymass.Fortheporositycalculationwerebasedontheaveragesoildensityanddensityofsoilparticles.Theresultsshowthatthemoisturecontentatthesurfacewaslow:6.2and7.7%insoilswithandwithoutvegetation,thedryseasonandsandytextureclass.Thedensityofthesoilparticlesfrombothareaswas2.1g/cm3,while thedensity in thedryperiodwas1.3 to1.5g/cm3, resulting inanaverageporosityof36.4%and31.9%, respectively. In the rainyseasondensitywas1.4 to1.5g/cm3,anaverage lowporosity34.3 and 29.5% with increasing moisture to 9.2 and 8.3%. In both periods, soil porosity withEucalyptus is greater,which is due to thehigherorganicmatter content in forest litter. In thedryperiod,asmalleramountofwater inthesoilwithEucalyptus fromthegroundwerenoticed intheprofilearound30%,duetotheconsumptionofwater,thisfact isexplainedduetotheevaporationprocess the trees. Furthermore, reforestation has a high density of trees per hectare spacing 3x2meters6m2pertree,atotalof1667individualsperhectare.

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EvaluationofRainfall,throughfallandInterceptionbyCanopiesTreesinPinusHalepensis-Albacete-Spain

ValdemirAntonioRodrigues¹(*);ManuelE.Lucas-Borja²;JoséMariaTarjuelo²;AntonioRuizCanales³

1:DepartamentofForest,FacultyofAgriculturalScience,UniversityEstadualPaulista-FCA/UNESP-Botucatu-SãoPaulo-Brazil.(*)Email:[email protected]:DepartmentofAgroforestryTechnologyandScienceandGenetics,SchoolofAdvancedAgriculturalEngineering,CastillaLaManchaUniversity,CampusUniversitarios/n,CP02071Albacete,Spain.3:EscuelaPolitécnicaSuperiordeOrihuela,UniversidadMiguelHernándezdeElche,Orihuele-Spain.

The objectives of the work were the evaluation of several parameters: rainfall, throughfall,interception by canopies trees, effective rainfall: throughfall and stemflow, soil water infiltration,surface runoff andaccumulationof sediments in the soil. Theexperimentsweredevelopedduringtworainevents,duringMayandJuneof2015,witha32yearsoldPinusHalepensis, located intheCentroRegionaldeEstudiosdelÁgua(CREA),UniversityofCastilladeLaMancha,Albacete(Spain).Theevaluationsofrainfallredistributionsweredevelopedbymeansof3externalpluviometersand64overthetreecanopy.Moreover,atrunkinterceptometerandaninfiltrometerwereinstalled.Theaveragevaluesofrainfallvariedfrom3.3to21.8mm.Theaveragevaluesofefectiverainfallvariedfrom2.0to15.2mmandtherainfallinterceptionbycanopiestreesvariedfrom30.4and38.5%.Theefectivetotalrainfallthatreachthesoilwas61.5and69.6%.Ahighinfiltrationcapacitywasreached(100% and 65.2%) with a low surface runoff (0 and 1.0mm)with a charge of 396 kg·ha-1. A lowrainfallintensityimpliesahighrainfallinterceptionbycanopiestrees.Moreover,adecreasingintheefectiverainfalltookplace.Thisisduetoanincreaseofsoilwaterinfiltrationandnorunoff.Withahighrainfallintensitytherainfallinterceptiondecreaseandtheefectiverainfallisincreased.Finally,the soilwater infiltration is included (14.2 l·m-2) and a low runoff and sedimentation. This reflectsthatnaturalvegetationplayanotablecontributiontothereplenishmentofgroundwater.

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Cultivationofpecan(Caryaillinoinensis)inRioGrandedoSul,Brazilandclimaticrequeriments.

Rovani,FFM1;Wollmann,CA2;Monteiro,A3

1: Federal University of Santa Maria, Graduation Program in Geography, Santa Maria, Brazil,[email protected]

2:FederalUniversityofSantaMaria,DepartmentofGeosciences,SantaMaria,Brazil3:UniversityofthePorto,DepartmentofGeography,Porto,Portugal

InRioGrandedoSulBrazilianstate,agriculturalproductionisveryexpressiveonthenationalscene,especially for thehigh capacity, quality anddiversity of production.Among thediverse temperateclimatefruitcropsproduction,pecan(Carya illinoinensis) isoneofthemostsignificant. Itsorigin isfromsouthernandeasternregionsoftheUnitedStatesandhasbeenintroducedinBrazilbynorthAmericans immigrants in 1910. Today this cultivation is expanding, mainly in south Brazil. Thisresearch pretends tomake an analyse of the geographical distribution of pecan cultivation in RioGrandedoSultocompare itsclimaticrequirementsbasedontheoretical frameworksandthe localclimatebackground.Pecaniscultivatedasanalternativecropproductionandasourceofincomeinthemediumand long term. It is very important specie inagroforestry systems,providing fruitandgoodqualitywoodinassociationwithothercultures.Thenutshaveanelevatednutritionalcontent,suchasproteinandoil. In2006 theproductionofpecanwas1.1 ton in1,366ha cultivated in thestate(IBGE,2006).In2014,itwasestimatedthattheproductionexceeds1.5tonin3396haplanted(EMATER,2014).Onclimaterequirements,standouttemperaturesbetween24and30°Cinthenutgrowingandtemperaturesbelow7°Cduringthedormant,withpredominanceaccumulationofmorethan 400 hours of cold (RASEIRA, 1990). Pecan is tolerant of frost, but late spring frosts or earlyautumnfrostsareharmful(MADEIRO,2003;SPARKS,2005).Rainrequirementisabove800mmperyear.References:Emater/Rs-Ascar.Culturadanozpecã.Áreatotal,produçãoenúmerodeprodutores.Tabela.PortoAlegre,2014.IBGE. Censo Agropecuário. Área plantada e quantidade produzida da lavoura temporária. 2006.Disponível em: <http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/listabl.asp?z=t&c=1613>. Acesso em: 02mar.2015.Madero,E.Lanuezpecán.IDIAXXI,Argentina,v.3,n.5,p.78–82,2003.Raseira, A. A cultura daNogueira pecã. Comunicado Técnico. Pelotas: EMBRAPA, nº 63, p. 3, abr.1990.Sparks,D.AdaptabilityofPecanasaSpecies.HortScience,Georgia,v.40,n.5,p.1175–1189,2005.

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Ecological-EconomicZoningofSilveiraMartins-RS,Brazil.Rovani,FFM1;Viera,M2

1: Federal University of Santa Maria, Graduation Program in Geography, Santa Maria, Brazil,[email protected]:FederalUniversityofSantaMaria,DepartmentMultidisciplinary,SantaMaria,Brazil

Ecological-Economic Zoning (EEZ) is a planning tool with sustainability criteria, natural and socio-economicdynamics.Displaysinformationabouttheterritoryneededtoplanforrationaloccupationand sustainable use of natural resources, integrated in a geographic database (CAMPAGNANI;SANTOS,1998).This researchhasobjective toelaborate theEcological-EconomicZoningofSilveiraMartins, RS, integrating vulnerability to natural soil loss, the social potential and permanentpreservation areas. Therefore,we used themethodologies proposed by Crepani et al. (1996) andBeckerandEgler(1996).CreatedaspacialdatabaseinaGeographicInformationSystem(GIS)usingSpring5.0.6 software.Wasused informationabout geomorphology, geology, soils, slope,drainagenetwork,soiluseandoccupation,population,economyandsanitation.Informationsintegratingwasperformad throught map algebra. As a result highlights the median social potential in the threecensus tracts. Silveira Martins has homogeneity of potential, showing equilibrium betweendynamismandrestraint.ForNaturalvulnerabilitytosoilloss,therewaspredominanceofmoderatelystable/vulnerable areas. This means that there is a balance between the pedogenetic andmorphogenesis.Themapzoning,summarizingtheinformation,resultedwithsixzones.Conservationisthehighestzone(40.72%)characterizedbyhighvulnerabilityandsocialpotentialrestriction.Thesecond zone is consolidation (37.76%) characterized by productivity areas. Use restriction zone(10.20%),consistingareaswithslopebetween25and45º,andrecuperationzone(2.5%),needmoreattentionwithagriculturalpractices.Permanentpreservationzone(7.92%)alsoneedattentionwiththeconflictingareas.Inthelast,urbanzone(0.90%)whichisconstitutedbyurbanarea.ReferencesBecker,B.K.;EGLER,C.A.G.DetalhamentodaMetodologiaparaExecuçãodoZoneamentoEcológicoEconômicopelosEstadosdaAmazôniaLegal.Brasília:SAE/MMA,1996.Campagnani,S.;Santos,U.P.dos.ProgramadeZoneamentoEcológico-EconômicodoestadodoRiode Janeiro.Projeto II:ZoneamentoEcológico-EconômicodoMédioValedoParaíba.Riode Janeiro,1998.Crepani,E.etal.CursodeSensoriamentoRemotoAplicadoaoZoneamentoEcológico-Econômico.SãoJosédosCampos:INPE,1996.18p.

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WaterinfiltrationinthesoilinvegetationcoverofgrassySantos,JB1;Marmontel,CVF2;Santos,GR2;Lozano,MRL¹;Rodrigues,VA2;Carvalho,JL3

1: SãoPauloStateUniversity–FacultyofAgricultural Sciences –BotucatuCampus,DepartmentofSoils and Environmental Resources, Botucatu, SP – Brazil. E-mail: [email protected];[email protected]:SãoPauloStateUniversity–FacultyofAgricultural Sciences –BotucatuCampus,DepartmentofForest Science, Botucatu, SP – Brazil. E-mail: [email protected];[email protected];[email protected]: Forestry Institute, Department of the Environment, São Paulo, SP – Brazil. E-mail:[email protected]

Theknowledgeofcapacityandinfiltrationspeedaswellastheunderstandingofthedynamicprocessofwatermovementinthesoilisofkeyimportancetotheuseandmanagementappropriateofsoil.Thus,theaimofthisstudywastodeterminethewaterinfiltrationintothesoilofgrassyvegetation.The study was performed at the State Park Serra doMar - Nucleo Cunha (Cunha, SP, Brazil). Tomeasurethespeedof infiltrationwasusinga lysimeterandtheaccumulatedwater infiltration intothesoil,an infiltrometer (DIK-4200model);13 readingsweremade inwater layerwitha5minuteinterval(0-65min).Thedatawereanalyzedbylinearregressionbydraftingaccumulationcurvesofinfiltratedwaterandthespeedofinfiltrationversustime.Thespeedofgrassyinfiltrationmeanwas31.84cm/h,andwiththepassingoftimethevaluesdecreasedandstabilizedfromthe9threading(45min),withalowvalueoflinearregression(R²=0.57).Theaccumulatedinfiltrationreached31.2mmofwater into the soilprofileat the13th reading (65min), thuspresentingahighvalue linearregression(R²=0.99),showinganinverserelationshipwithinfiltrationspeedwiththepassingtime.Therefore it can be concluded that the use of infiltrometer, being a practical and easy handlinginstrument,issuitablefordeterminationofsoilinfiltration.

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ThemainaspectsofsoyproductioninthemunicipalityofSantarém,Pará,BrazilEmanueladeSousaValentim1,RenataGislaineRodriguesSantos2,AndrezzaAlvesPires3

1: Federal University of Western Pará - UFOPA, Economics, Santarém, Pará,[email protected]: Federal University of Western Pará - UFOPA, Economics, Santarém, Pará,[email protected]: Federal University of Western Pará - UFOPA, Economics, Santarém, Pará,[email protected]

This reflection seeks to establish themain aspects of soy production in Santarém, contextualizingtheir strengthsandweaknessesaswell as its implicationsandconsequenceson theeconomicandenvironmental social scene in the city of Santarém located in the Amazon region and trace theevolution of soya along the BR-163, also analysing if the activity has generated socioeconomicreturns for thestakeholdersandthe impact that transnationalCargillhad in theregion.Therefore,throughaliteratureanddocumentreviewsoughttoidentifyaswastheexpansionofthisactivityinthe environmental and economic social, and as it now reflects the lives of citizens also should benoted that theexploitationof theseenvironmental resourcesandstrategic locationcontributed tothe establishment environmental and especially social conflicts. Barbosa (2014) ensures that inSantarem, this activity has caused problems such as increased deforestation, conflicts over landownership, contamination of water resources and loss of access to land, especially by traditionalpeoples,amongothers.Intheeconomicfieldtherewasastronggrowthtrendinthecountryandinthe region of Santarém, make a substantial contribution to GDP growth, thus implying adevelopmenttomunicipality.However,ithasnotturnedoutthatway,transnationalCargillsaidthatwouldgeneratenew jobs,because in2003 this companybuilt a complexbenefactor in the cityofSantarém,whichhasamodernpierinfrontofthemeetingoftheTapajósRiverwiththeAmazonasRiver, providing a waterway flow of production to the US and Europe. It was noticed that thehegemonicagentsshouldnotonlydevelop infrastructure facilities tomeet theneedsofcapital,ascanbe seen in theconstructionof theBR-163and theCargill port in the cityof Santarém-PA.Butalso,providean increase in thequalityof lifeofsociety throughpublicpoliciesand investments inhumancapital.

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CarbonstocksinahybridEucalyptusplantationinsouthernBrazilViera,M1;Schumacher,MV1;Trüby,P2;Araújo,EF3;Rodrigues-Soalleiro,RJ4;

1:FederalUniversityofSantaMaria,SantaMaria,Brazil,[email protected]:UniversityofFreiburg,Freiburg,Germany3:CMPC–CeluloseRiograndense,Guaíba,Brazil4:UniversityofSantiagodeCompostela,Lugo,Spain

HybrideucalyptclonesinBrazilhaveaveryfastgrowthrateandthusanimportantcapacityoffixingatmospheric carbon. Carbon stock estimates in forestry plantations can be performed by biomassquantification and subsequent determination of C concentration. This study assessed the organiccarbon stock in 10 years-old plantation of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus globulus in SouthernBrazil. Four experimental plots (35mx 20m)wereestablished anda complete forestry inventorywasconducteddefiningfivediametricclasses.Ineachdiametricclassthreetreeswereharvestedforbiomassandorganiccarbonquantification.Understorybiomasswerequantified in fivesubplotsof25m2each.OrganicCinthesoil(SOC)andinthefineroots(diameter≤1.0cm)wasquantifieduntil100cmindepth.CconcentrationintheEucalyptusbiomassfractionswas55.7(±0.6),50.4(±0.4),49.5(±0.6)and45.4%(±0.9)forleaves,branches,woodandbark,respectively.Cconcentrationsintheunderstory fractionswere51.4 (±1.0)and50.0%(±0.9) forcanopy(leavesplusbranches)andstem(woodplusbark),respectively.InthefinerootsbiomassaCconcentrationof45.7%(±1.4)wasobserved.Cconcentrations in thesoilwere1.23 (±0.32),0.97 (±0.10),0.45 (±0.14)and0.24%(±0.10)for0-25,25-50,50-75and75-100cmindepth.TotalCinEucalyptusabovegroundbiomasswas97.8Mgha-1,allocatedpredominantlyinthewood(84.6%),followedbybark(8.8%),branches(4.6%)and leaves (2.1%). Understory comprises a small aboveground C fraction (1.4Mg ha-1). Fine rootscontributedwith0.9Mgha-1oftheCstock.ThetotalcontentofSOCwas100.0Mgha-1,manlyinthedepth50cm(75.7%).ThetotalCstockfortheEucalyptusplantationwas200.2Mgha-1withasimilarshareamongplantbiomassandsoil,thusshowingaveryhighrateofCsequestrationinbiomass(10Mgha-1year-1).

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Cantheuseofnewstoragestrategiesprovidepossibleenergysavingsduringapplestorage?

B.Vollmar1*,D.Kittemann1,D.Neuwald1

1: Competence Centre for Fruit Growing - Lake Constance, and Physiology of Specialty Crops,UniversityofHohenheim,Ravensburg,Germany

Modern storage technologies, such as 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) or dynamic controlledatmosphere (DCA), have the potential to save energy due to their intensive ripening inhibitingeffects.Ontheonehand,thesetechnologiesallowfruitstorageatincreasedtemperatures,withinacertain range,without any appreciable negative influence on fruit quality. On the other hand thestrong inhibitionof fruit respirationcan reduce the respiratoryheat inputof the fruit.Toevaluatetheenergy savingpotential of 1-MCP (SmartFreshTM) andDCA, experimentsover sevenyearswithdifferentapplecultivarswereundertaken incommercial (200tcapacity)andresearch facility (11 tcapacity) CA-rooms to compare standard CA (1.0 kPa O2; 2.5 kPa CO2) at 1°C and DCA(HarvestWatchTM) (~0.5kPaO2;2.5kPaCO2)orCA (1.0kPaO2;2.5 kPaCO2) in combinationwith1-MCPatincreasedtemperatures(3,4or5°C).Energyconsumptionfortherefrigerationcompressors,ventilationfans,defrostingandCO2scrubbingwascalculatedfromthemachineryrun-timerecordsor by measurements with installed electric meters. Fruit quality parameters (firmness, TA, TSS,colour), ethylene production and respirationweremeasured at different time points.Weight losswas determined at the end of storage. Experiments were accompanied by sensory tests. Resultsshowreductionsinenergyconsumptionofupto50%withincreasedstoragetemperaturesfrom1°Cto4°Cwithoutanyappreciablenegativeinfluenceonfruitqualityandripening,providingthatappleharvesting, postharvest timings and applications are all carried out in accordance with goodhorticulturalpractice.Thehighestenergyconsumptionandhighestpotentialsavingwereobservedfor the refrigeration compressors and ventilation fans. Fruit quality analyses and consumer testsshowedthat1-MCPandDCA-storagehavethepotentialtocompensateforthenegativeinfluenceofincreasedstoragetemperaturesandthusprovidethepossibilitytoreduceenergyconsumptionwhencomparedtoconventionalCA/ULOstorage.For‘Pinova’apple,theexperimentshowthatincreasedstorage temperatures additionally to energy savings might be an effective way to reduce theoccurrenceofNeofabraeaspp.,themainpostharvestdiseaseforthisapplevariety,duringstorage.

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Session11:GlobalGeoparks&WorldHeritageSites

ConvenerDr.J.Weber1,Dr.M-L.Frey2

1:GlobalGeoparkBergstrasse-Odenwald,Germany,[email protected]:WelterbeGrubeMesselgGmbH,Germany,[email protected]

Duringthe lastdecade,theGlobalGeoparksNetwork,whichconsistscurrentlyof111territories in32 countries worldwide, has developed a wide range of tools towards sustainable regionaldevelopment, geo-education, regional and international networking, science transfer, andconservation strategies. Their holistic approach, which includes the connection of Earth history,nature,manandculture,enables innovativedevelopmentofterritoriesandsupportstheirregionalidentity, including their past, present and future. In this context, UNESCO World Heritage Sites(UNESCOWHS)andGlobalGeoparksarepotentialcooperationpartnerswithrespecttosustainabledevelopment, public awareness andprotectionof our natural and cultural heritage.UNESCO-WHSMessel Pit and Global Geopark Bergstrasse-Odenwald (Germany) have developed a closecooperationstrategy,includingcommonprojects,publicrelations,educationprogramsandproducts,which is considered as best practicemodel forWHS-Geopark cooperation at UNESCO.We expectcontributions from Global Geoparks as well as from UNESCO WHS cooperating with sustainableInstitutionslikeGeoparks.

KeynoteLecture:DrMargaretePatzak,UNESCO,EarthSciencesandGeohazardsRiskReductionSection,Divisionof

EcologicalandEarthSciences,Paris,France,Prof.Dr.NikolaosZouros,UniversityoftheAegeanDepartmentofGeography,Mytilene,Greece,Prof.Dr.ElizabethSilva,PortugueseNatComforUNESCO–ScienceSector,MinistryofForeign

Affairs,PortugueseNationalForumofGeoparks,Lisbon,PortugalProf.Dr.JiangfengLi,SchoolofPublicAdministration,ChinaUniversityofGeosciences,Wuhan,China

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OralPresentations

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GlobalGeoparks–LookingtowardsthefutureDrMargaretePatzak

UNESCO, Earth Sciences and Geohazards Risk Reduction Section, Division of Ecological and EarthSciences,Paris,France,[email protected]

Global Geoparks are unified areas with geological heritage of international significance. Theirbottom-up concept combining conservation with sustainable development while involving localcommunities is becoming increasingly popular. Since 2001,UNESCOhas assisted countries aroundtheworldtoestablishGlobalGeoparksthroughtheGlobalGeoparksNetwork(GGN)wherenationalgeologicalheritageinitiativescontributetoandbenefitfromtheirmembershipofaglobalnetworkofexchangeandcooperation.TheGGNwascreatedin2004by24GeoparksfromEuropeandChinainBeijing, at the first of six International Geoparks Conferences. Since then Global Geoparks havegainedmomentumandreachedtoday111membersin32countries.GlobalGeoparkactivitieshavebeensupportedbyUNESCOsince2001and,since2004,UNESCOhasoffered direct ad-hoc support to individual countries. UNESCO’s role has largely been one ofguidanceinqualityandfacilitatingnetworkingactivities.However,theroleofUNESCOinsupportingtheworldwidegrowingactivitiesislimitedbecause‘Geoparks’arenotaprogrammeofUNESCOperse.InrecentyearsasthequalityoftheworkcarriedoutinGlobalGeoparkshasbecomeincreasinglyrecognised and valued worldwide and Member States of UNESCO requested to re-examine therelationship with the GGN and how relations might be formalised. An important issue for manyMemberStateswas theability touse the term“UNESCOGlobalGeopark”and tobeable tousea“combined logo.” An additional and very important issuewas to retain, asmuch as possible, thebottom-upnatureofGlobalGeoparks.As a result of seven consultativemeetings inUNESCO since 2013 amodel has beendeveloped toreformtheexistingInternationalGeoscienceProgramme(IGCP)intoanInternationalGeoscienceandGeoparks Programme (IGGP) which would have two main activities: the scientific projects of theGeoscienceProgrammeplusGeoparkactivities aspartofUNESCOGlobalGeoparks.Draft Statutesand Operational Guidelines were elaborated and submitted to the 196th session of UNESCO’sExecutiveBoardinApril2015.Asafollow-up,theGeneralConferenceinNovember2015willdecidewhether to establish a new International Geoscience and Geoparks Programme which wouldintroduce the labelUNESCOGlobalGeoparks. If approved,UNESCOGlobalGeoparkswouldbe thethirdlabelofUNESCOdesignatedsitesalongsidewithWorldHeritagesitesandBiospherereserves.This new label could become a new tool of excellence and UNESCO could take the lead in high-quality outreach on sustainable development linked to issues on geodiversity, environment,geohazards,climatechangeandthesustainableuseofnaturalresourceswhileworkingcloselywithlocalcommunitiesforpeaceandwellbeing.ThisnewlabelundertheleadofUNESCOcouldalsobeofclearadvantageforthedevelopmentofGlobalGeoparksinthoseregionswherenonecurrentlyexist.

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GlobalGeoparks:NetworkingandcollaborationbetweenEuropeandLatinAmerica.

NikolaosZouros,

UniversityoftheAegeanDepartmentofgeography,Mytilene,Greece,[email protected]

TheGeoparkconceptwasintroducedatlate90’sfollowingthedeclarationoftheDigneConferencein 1991, aiming to protect and promote Earth heritage sites through the sustainable localdevelopment of territories containing abiotic nature of significant value. The European GeoparksNetwork(EGN)wasestablishedin2000byfourEuropeanterritoriestoaddressthestrongneedforeffectivemanagementofimportantgeositesandsustainabledevelopmentofruralareasthroughthedevelopmentofgeotourisminEurope.TodayEGNincludes65territories in22Europeancountries.TheGlobalGeoparksNetwork (GGN)wasestablished in2004,under theumbrellaofUNESCOandoperatesasan internationalnetwork,whichprovidingaplatformofcooperationamongGeoparks,brings togethergovernmentagencies,non-governmentalorganizations, scientistsandexperts fromall countries around the world in a unique worldwide partnership including 111 Geoparks in 32countries working to protect Geological heritage and promote local sustainable development. In2014 theGGNbecame an international non-profit association, operating under the French law, inordertosignanofficialpartnershipwithUNESCO.ΤheAraripeGeopark,inCearastate,BrazilisthefirstLatinAmericanGeopark,recognizedin2006.In2013GrutasdelPalacioGeopark inUruguay is included inGGN.AdiversityofactivitieshavebeenorganizedbyGGNandEGNtosupportthedevelopmentofGeoparksinLatinAmerica.TodayinLatinAmericainitiativesaimingprotection,assessmentandpromotionofthegeologicalheritageandthecreation of Geoparks in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru andUruguay.A broad range of activities combines the main components for the operation of each Geopark,includingscientificresearch, inventoryofgeologicalsites,protectionandconservationofgeologicalheritage,operationofopenairparks,thematicmuseumsandinterpretationcenters, interpretationand promotion of geological sites, organization of scientific and cultural events. Geoparks alsopromotethemselvesasidealdestinationsforgeotourismandeducationalactivities.Geoparkscreatelinkswithlocaltouristenterprises,restaurantsandsmallhotelsinordertoprovidethenecessary infrastructure tomeet theneedsof the increasingnumberofpark visitors. In somecases thenumberof “BedandBreakfast”accommodationshasdoubledover the last fewyears inordertomeettheincreasingdemand.Moreimportantly,visitorshaveincreasedthedurationoftheirvisittotheGeoparkarea.AsaresultmanynewenterprisesareconnectedwiththeactivitiesoftheGeoparks. Geoparks also support themaking of local handicrafts such as the production of fossilcasts and souvenirs by local enterprises. Geoparks collaborate closely with women’s agrotouristiccooperativesandlocalorganicfoodproducerstooffertheirvisitorstheopportunitytotasteandbuylocalfoodproducts(pasta,organicvegetables,wine,liquors,traditionalsweetsandmarmaladesetc).The catering in Geopark events (conferences,meetings etc.) is supplied using the local traditionalfood.

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BuildingBridgesbetweenScienceandEducation:TheRoleoftheGlobalGeoparksElizabethSilva

PortugueseNatComforUNESCO–ScienceSector,MinistryofForeignAffairs,Lisbon,Portugal;PortugueseNationalForumofGeoparks(Coordinator);[email protected]

Accordingly to the guidelines of the proposed ProgramGlobal Geoparks of UNESCO, the Geoparkconcept“arose in themid-1990’sasa responseto theneedtoconserveandenhancethevalueofareasofgeologicalsignificanceinEarthhistory”.Inthisframework,Geoparksadopteda“bottom-up”strategy to ensure that an areawith geological significance could be conserved andpromoted forscience, education and culture, in addition to being used as a sustainable economic asset such asthrough thedevelopmentof responsible tourism. In this sense,onecansay thatGeoparksare thenew territories of the 21st Century, functioning as kindof “mini-UNESCO”. In fact, education at alllevelsisatthecoreoftheGlobalGeoparksconcept.Fromuniversityresearcherstolocalcommunitygroups,GeoparksencourageawarenessofthestoryofthePlanetasreadintherocks,landscapeandongoinggeologicalprocesses.Theyalsopromotethelinksbetweengeologicalheritageandallotheraspects of the area’s natural and cultural heritage, clearly demonstrating that geodiversity is thefoundationofallecosystemsandthebasisofhuman interactionwiththe landscape.Basedonthisconcept, Global Geoparks contribute to achieve UNESCO’s objectives by promoting geology andscience in general through a wider contribution to UNESCO’s mandate while cutting acrosseducation,cultureandcommunication,throughaverystrongnetworking,facilitatingthesharingofexperience and good practices, creating joint initiatives and projects and especially by promotingcapacity-building.ThatiswhybasedintheobjectivesoftheUnitedNationsDecadeofEducationforSustainable Development (2005-2014), the Portuguese National Forum of Geoparks in closecooperation with the Portuguese National Committee for IGCP and with the Portuguese NationalCommission for UNESCO, has been building bridges between Science and Education, based in thepromotionoftheEducationalProgram“GEA–MotherEarth”.Thisprogramisdividedinthreetools:i) training courses; ii) school contests, such as “it’s the Soils that sustains Life!”, developed in theframework of the International Year of Soils (2015); and iii) itinerary exhibitions related withGeosciencesthemes.Themainthemesfocusedinthetrainingcoursesareeducationforsustainabledevelopment, climatechange,geohazards,water,desertification,evolutionof lifeandbiodiversity,andgeosciencesforsociety,alwaysprovidinginformationincontext.Inconclusion,duetothedifferentactivitiespromotedbyGEA–MotherEarthanditsroleincapacitybuilding, at a national and international level, mobilizing not only the four Portuguese GlobalGeoparks,butalsoseveralPortugueseBiosphereReserves,aswellasAraripeGlobalGeopark(Brazil)and the National Commission for UNESCO of Cape Verde, it has been possible to involve in thisprocessthemainobjectivesofseveralUNESCOPrograms(suchas“ManandBiosphere”-MABortheInternational Geosciences Programme – IGCP) and the Global Geoparks Network, allowing a verysuccessful cooperation between different programs and networks, based in different territorialapproachesbutwithacommongoal:thepromotionofaneducationforsustainabledevelopmentforthelocalcommunities.

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GeotourismandtheSustainableExploitationoftheChineseGeoparks:AcasestudyofJingpohuGlobalgeopark,China

LiJiangfeng

SchoolofPublicAdministration,ChinaUniversityofGeosiences,Wuhan,China

Chinese attitudes regarding the protectionof geoheritages and geosites haveundergonedramaticchanges in the lastmore than tenyears sinceChinaestablishedGeoparknetwork in theearly thiscentury(Attpresent,therearecurrently31GGNmembershipsand240nationalgeoparksinChina).Becausethegeoheritageand itsvalue inChina is frequentlyneglectedandthreatened, ithasbeenperhaps not surprising that the conservation movement to geoheritage and geosite came of agesince establishing geopark network in China. Geotourism, since it is both a geoconservation andsustainableexploitationstrategy,offersameanstoaddressthese issues. Itssuccessdependsuponattractingandmaintainingthesupportoflocalgovernments,communities,developersandpublicbydemonstrating thegeoheritage’sgreatpotential for the tourismandoutdoor recreation industries.Hence,geoscientistshaverecognizedtheneedtopromotethesignificanceoftheirstudiestootherthancommittedaudiences.ThesuccessfulpromotionofChinesegeoconservation,asignificantandessential component of geotourism, requires the adoption of appropriate geosite designation,interpretativeandotherexploitationstrategies.ThecasestudyfromChinaJingpohuGlobalgeoparkdiscusses these strategies. The presentation also provides an introduction for Geotourism andgeoconservation intheGeopark.Essentially, thispresentationfocusonmanagingthechallengesofgeotourism,geoconservationstrategyandsustainableexploitationintheGeopark.

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Feasibilityofsustainabletourismimplementationinprotectedareas:comparativeanalysebetweenColônia(Brazil)andRies(Germany)Craters

Pletsch,M.A.J.S.1,Velázquez,V.F.2

1: University of São Paulo, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, São Paulo, Brazil,[email protected]:UniversityofSãoPaulo,SchoolofArts,SciencesandHumanities,SãoPaulo,Brazil,[email protected]

Impact craters are the result of a collision between Earth's surface and an asteroid,which can beobservedonterrestrialplanetsinoursolarsystem.ColôniaCrater,locatedinthesouthofSãoPaulocity, isa3.6km-diametercircularstructureand itspeculiaritiesareableto increasethenumberofvisitorsintheregion,consideringthatcanhelptotheunderstandingofthepastgeologicalhistoryaswell as the impact cratering processes. Although some environmental laws attempt to protect itsnatural elements, irregular residents,markets and familiar agriculture are present in Colônia. RiesCrater,inthesouthofGermany,hasaconsolidatedtourismandpartofthelocaleconomicbenefitscomefromthisinitiative.Thisarticleprovidesanassessmentofthemainbioticandabioticfeaturesofbothcraters,aimingasustainable tourism development in the Colônia area. For this purpose, four main steps wereexecuted: i) systematic literature review, ii) field survey of the possible tourism sites, iii) analysis,integrationandinterpretationoftheobtaineddata, iv)applicationofSWOTanalyticalmethod.Theachievements allowed an evaluation and customizing of Ries geotourism programs and itsperformance inColônia. The followingpointswere verified as a necessity to establish an effectiveactionplan:a)humanresourceeducationinordertoenablelocalagentsfornatureconservation,b)incentive local community participation in nature resources management, c) strengthen thepreservation and conservation programs, d) improving basic infrastructures for diverse touristactivities, e) indicate a geotourism program and its networkingwith another touristic activities, f)localandregionalbroaddivulgationofthenaturalelements.It is important to emphasize the relevance of a detailed research for each one of the abovementionedproposalsbeforeperforminganytourismstrategyinColônia.

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Geo-educationtowardstheinterdisciplinarityandsustainabledevelopment.StudycaseatCabodeSantoAgostinho(Pernambuco,Brazil)

Guimarães,T1;Mariano,G1;Sá,A.A.2

1: Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Geology, Recife, [email protected];[email protected];2:UniversityofTrás-os-MonteseAltoDouro,DepartmentofGeologyandGeosciencesCentre,VilaReal,[email protected]

Interdisciplinary isan important learningtool.Through it ispossibletoextinguishthereductionistandfragmentedviewof thedisciplines, investing ineducational resources toenhance theperceptionandadd value to the concepts. It is necessary to start from the complex thinking,which have as startingpoint the most enriching and less mutilating actions. In this context, the association of cultural andhistorical values to Geosciences can promote the awakening of a conservationist and humanistconsciousness,andsimultaneouslyawareoftheimportanceofsustainabilityofnaturalresources,tothesurvivalandlongevityofmankind.Basedontheseprinciplesandaimingahigherlearningofthesubjectsstudy in classroom, as well as a broad overview of Geosciences, was proposed and developed aninterdisciplinarytrailinthemunicipalityofCabodeSantoAgostinho(Pernambuco,Brazil).This pedestrian trail encompasses geodiversity, biodiversity, historical ruins, history of planet Earth,archaeology and cultural aspects of the local community, such as handicraft and culinary. Theexceptionally beautiful landscape of this region is directly related to processes of the terrestrialdynamics, having as the main feature the breakup of Gondwana during Cretaceous Period. Thisincredibleopenskylaboratoryallowsthatstudentsgrabaclearandhands-onnotionofgeologicalandbiological processes. The information stimulate thoughts about the necessity of geoconservationmeasurementsanddeveloparespectforthegeologicalfeaturesthatmarktheevolutionoftheplanetEarth.It is believed that the absorption of the knowledge in an interconnected way contributes to formstudents and/or citizensmore conscious of the importance of the realmeaning of “Gaia”. This geo-didactic trailwas testedwithundergraduateandgraduatestudentsofGeographyandArchaeologyoftheFederalUniversityofPernambuco. Itmaybeusedalsoforvisitorsthatreachtheregionsearchingforleisure.Whatisveryimportanttobearinmindistheinterdisciplinaryholisticapproachthataimstoa better notion of geoconservation and sustainable development allied with responsible use of thenatural resources. With this ideas in mind and with the field reality, it is possible to think in thepossibilitytocreateaGeoparkinthisregioninthemiddleterm.

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GlobalGeoparkBergstrasse-Odenwald(Germany):Sustainabledevelopmentbygeo-education,communication,regionalcooperationandinternational

networkingJuttaWeber

GlobalGeoparkBergstrasse-Odenwald,Germany,[email protected]

Since the last decade, the connection of the Earth’s geology, man, culture and heritage ascommunication and cooperation tool as well as networking approach has been worked on anddevelopedby variousGlobalGeoparks. Connectedwith thismultilayered task, theGlobalGeoparkBergstrasse-Odenwald has developed a wide facet of geo-education, communication, cooperationandnetworkingtoolstogetherwithlocalaswellasinternationalpartners.Besidestheimplementationofinformationfacilities,hikingandMTBtrailsandGeosites,theGeoparkhas developed during the last 15 years a close and continuous cooperation network with localpartners.These includetourismagencies, localmuseums,universities,schools,associationsrelatedtoEarthheritageandnature(e.g.WHSMesselPit),aswellaspartners fromtheregionaleconomy(e.g.Bergstrassewinegrowers,beemaster). Inparallel,acomprehensivevisitor service,performedbyateamof45GeoparkRangers(nature-andgeoscientists)aswellasbymorethan200so-called“Geopark-on-siteguides”(localvolunteers),hasbeendeveloped.TheRangersandguideshavebeeneducated by the Geopark in cooperation with regional experts and scientists. They offer guidedtours,educationalprogramsandrepresenttheGeoparkatlocalfestivals.ThetrainingoflocalresidentsandexpertshasbeenadoptedbyseveralGeoparksalloverEuropeandabroad.Inthisframe,theGeoparkhasoperatedinterculturalgeo-educationaltrainingsforHongkongGeopark(PRChina),GeaNorvegicaGeopark(Norway)aswellasforLesvosPetrifiedForestGeopark(Greece).The training programs are part of intense networking and exchange of knowledge and activitieswithin the European and Global Geoparks Network. This includes also the participation ininternational workshops (management, communication, community participation, geo-education,economic benefit, sustainable development), the international evaluation and revalidation ofGeoparks,thecreationofGeoparkpartnerships(e.g.withMt.Lushan,PRChina),theconsultancyforaspiringterritoriesandthepresentationofsuccessandbestpractiseatInternationalConferences.Sharingexperienceandknowledge,collaboratingcloselytogether,developingnewapproachesandmodels for the protection and communication of our common geological, natural and culturalheritagearethemostsuccessfulmotorsforsustainabledevelopmentinsidetheGeoparkterritoriesaswellasinthewiderGlobalGeoparksNetwork.

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GeotourismatMesselPitWorldHeritage(WHS,Germany)byEarthScienceTransfer&Geo-educationoffers:OUV,CI&mediatoraisepublicawareness

Marie-LuiseFrey

WelterbeGrubeMesselgGmbH,Germany,[email protected]

Todaygeotourismhasbecomeamagicwordformanymunicipalitiesandprotectedsites.Thetermgivestheimpressionthatvisitorstreamscanbeeasilygeneratedbypeopleofoursocietieswholiketotravelacrosstheglobeandenjoydifferent landscapesandcultures.Alsohighrankquality labelslike UNESCO-World Heritage Sites or certified Global or European Geoparks seem to indicategeotourismbytheircertificationindication.In1996 the term“GeoTourismus”was firstusedbyFREY (1996) todescribeactivities inexploringtheGeoparkGerolstein/Vulkaneifel,Germanybeingbasedongeologicalheritage,landscape,history,natureandcultureimplementedinthegeotrailsoftheGeopark.Theiraimwastoattractvisitorstothis rural territory in the tourism destination “Eifel”. In 2003 a today wide known definition wasbrought up by Tourtelot (2003) supported by National Geographic which gives emphasis to theinterconnectionoftheseissuesfortourismoffers.In2011heincludedalso“geologicalheritage”intotheissuesofhisdefinition.Geotourism is an attempt to develop economic benefit by using the above listed issues. Howevermanyexamplesshowthatitseemstobedifficulttounderstandthefunctioningofthisnewfieldofinterdisciplinarytopicsandneedsofskills.InthispresentationGeotourismisbeingunderstoodasthelinkingupofEarthScienceTransferandeducationoffersonscientifictopicsoftheMesselPitWHS.ThiscasestudyshowsthestepswhichhavebeentakenfromtheOUV(OutstandingUniversalValue)of theMessel PitWHShaving aprofile of “Celebrationof EoceneTimes” todevelop its CorporateIdentity (CI) and media in the broad sense to raise public awareness and generate benefit bygeotourismoffersforvisitors.Exampleswillbegivenofhowtheinfrastructureofthissitewasusedanddeveloped,ofthemediatomarketthissiteof“CelebrationofEoceneTime”plusitsgeodiversityaswellastheconceptforgeotourismandeducationoffersandsouvenirs–workindornon-workingforvisitors-willbepresented.Withinthisprocessanewvisitorcentrewasrealisedwhichtoday isthewelcomingplatformforallvisitors.Themainaimwastostartalongtermsustainabledevelopment.After12yearstimeworkingon the development and implementation of geotourism and five years experiencesmarketing theWHSandthenewvisitorcentretogethervisitoracceptanceandbenefitcanbeseenbytheeconomicdevelopmentofthenonprofitltd.CompanyresponsibleforcreatingaccessandmarketingthisWHS.Within the whole development sharing experience and knowledge, collaborating closely togetherwith partners of the Global Geoparks Network supported the positive development. Across thelinkingupofEarthScienceTransferandGeo-EducationadditionallyWorldHeritageissueshavebeenintegrated into the geotourism offers. The interdisciplinary approach of earth sciences, economicdemands,protection,highrankqualitysiteaswellasneedsanddemandsofmodernsocietyhasnowreachedanewphaseofdevelopingandtrainingafollowupgenerationtostrengthentheachievedacceptanceandfastenasustainablefuture.

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PosterPresentations

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Geoparks,geoproductsandlocalsustainabledevelopmentMônicaAmorim

[email protected]

Conservationofgeologicalheritageiskeyfortheadvancementofscience,understandingofEarth´sformationand subsequentevents,originandevolutionof life, and constructionofhumanculture.Fossilizedmaterialoflivingbeingsandnon-livingmattercontainsinformationthatmaybeusefultocopewithcontemporarychallenges,suchasclimatechange,naturalhazardsandevensocialissues,such as integration of different cultures. The UNESCO Geopark strategy attempts to encourageconservationofgeologicalheritagethrougheducation,socialawarenessandpromotionofeconomicopportunitiesforcommunitieslivingclosetosites(geosites)whereimportantgeologicalheritagecanbe found.One interestingapproachadoptedbyGeoparksworldwide inpromotingconservationofgeological heritage relates to production and promotion of geoproducts, which are those localproducts available, developed and created in the geopark territory following sustainable practicesandechoing the geosites´s legacy in termsof geology, history and culture. InAraripeGeopark, thefirstofthekindintheAmericas,geoproductsmayplayavitalroleintheeffortstoprotectpreciousfossilized material by developing and promoting geoproducts of different types. AraripeGeoparkencompassesoneof the largestandbestpreserveddepositsof fossils fromtheCretaceousperiod(morethan100millionyearsago),someoftheseshowingevidenceofsupercontinentGondwana´sbreakupandthefollowingemergenceoftheSouthAtlanticOceanandseparationofSouthAmericafrom Africa. The history and culture of the Araripe territory carry traces from native Brazilians,EuropeancolonizersandAfricangroupsbroughtthereasslaves.Theamalgamationofthesedifferentculturesgaverisetoasparklingpotofcolors,tastes,shapesandbeliefsthatrepresentthecurrentidentity of the Araripe territory. Geoproducts reflect this rich character as well. Grounded insustainable production methods, culture and geological heritage, geoproducts open a promisingopportunityforcommunitiestoaddvaluetolocalproducts,accessnichemarketsandenhancelocalincome.Araripe isaprominent territory in termsofpotential forgeoproducts.Thispaper showsarangeofpossibilitiesforgeoproductdevelopmentinAraripeGeopark,includinglocalgoods,aswellasthespecifictypesofsupportneededtoreachtheenvisionedstrategy.

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TheIndependeceSquareatCorumbá:itshistoryandtypologicalidentificationasrelevantelementforaGeoparkProjectintheMatoGrossodoSulState

(Brazil)M.MargarethE.R.Lima1,FabioF.Martins2,GilbertoL.Alves2,SandinoHoff2&ArturA.Sá3

1:DepartamentodeArquitetura,UFMS,CampoGrande,Brasil,[email protected];2: UNIDERP, Campo Grande, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected];,[email protected];3:DepartamentodeGeologiaeCentrodeGeociências,UTAD,VilaReal,Portugal,[email protected]

In2006theGeologicalSurveyofBrazil(CPRM)implementedtheproject"GeoparksofBrazil"inordertoidentify,classify,catalog,georeferencinganddisseminatetheBraziliangeologicalheritageandsetguidelinesforsustainabledevelopmentinlinewithlocalorganizationsandcommunities.AmongtheproposalsofGeoparksthenpresented,appearedin2007theproject"GeoparkBodoquena-Pantanal"covering an area of about 22,000 km2, comprising a total of 45 geosites inventoried in 13municipalitieswithapopulationof 265,000 inhabitants.Geologically, themainpeculiaritiesof thisterritoryareassociatedwiththeoccurrenceofglobalchangesattheendoftheNeoproterozoic,asresultofthefragmentationprocessoftheSupercontinentRodinia.However,muchremainedtoworkinthehistoricalandcultural identityoftheproposedarea. Inthissense,thisworkaimsto identifythehistoricalandculturalpotentialoftheIndependenceSquareinCorumbáandthuscontributetoincreasetheknowledgeaboutthetangibleheritageofafutureGeoparkprojectintheStateofMatoGrossodoSul.ThecityofCorumbá,locatedneartheborderwithBolivia,wasfoundedonSeptember21st,1778,aimingtodefineandensurethePortuguesedominionsintheco-calledcaptaincyofMatoandisconstitutedasoneoftheoldesturbancentersofthewesternportionofBrazil.Intheperiod1864-1870, Corumbáwas beset by the "ParaguayanWar". However, after this dark chapter of itshistory, itwasobservedthedevelopmentofaspatial reorganization,whichmarkedthecitywithawealthofhistoricbuildings,withadifferentiatedspatial configuration for the time. Itwas throughtheParaguayRiverthatCorumbáprosperedasamajortradingcenterconnectedwiththecapitalRiodeJaneiroandthecountriesoftheRiverPlateBasinandofEurope.Thisflowenabledtheformationofapeculiarculturalmosaicintheurbancontext,whichincludestheIndependenceSquarethathasatypethatisassociatedwiththeimportantworkoftheFrenchlandscapearchitectAugusteGlaziou.Inthiscontext,understandingthatthecityofthefuturewillbeacitythatrecognizesandpreservesitsheritage,weintendtocompareandanalyzethesimilaritiesfoundintheSquareofIndependenceof Corumbáwith the squares thatwere being remodeled around theworld, based on typologicalmodels of the French landscape architects. Thuswe present a contribution to safeguard the localheritage,addedvalueforafutureGeoparkintheStateofMatoGrossodoSul.

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Proposal to new geotourist sites from Parnaíba Basin in "Monumento Natural das Árvores Fossilizadas", Tocantins State, Brazil

Kauffmann, M1,2; Secchi, MI²; Ricardi-Branco, FS1; Pires, EF3, Rosa, AAS4; Uhl, D2,5,6; Jasper, A2.

1: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Instituto de Geociências, UNICAMP, Campinas,[email protected];[email protected]:ProgramadePós-GraduaçãoemAmbienteeDesenvolvimentodoCentroUniversitárioUnivates,Lajeado,[email protected];[email protected]: Laboratory of Palaentology, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Porto Nacional, [email protected]:UniversidadeFederaldeSantaMaria,SantaMaria,[email protected]:SenckenbergForschungsinstitutundNaturmuseum,FrankfurtamMain,Germany6:SenckenbergCentreforHumanEvolutionandPalaeoenvironment,InstitutfürGeowissenschaften,UniversitätTübingen,Tübingen,[email protected]

The “MonumentoNaturaldasÁrvores Fossilizadas (MNAF)” isoneof themost importantPermianpalaeobotanicalsitefromtheParnaíbaBasin,NorthBrazil.Inthisareacanbeseendifferentgroupsof phytofossils preserved in Motuca Formation sediment and area with importance also forgeoturism. Considering the scientific and heritage significance of the site, the study was guidedaimingtheevaluationofconservationmeasuresforthearea,focusingongeotourism.Tostabilizetheeffectivityoftheprotectionactivitieswhichareappliedatthearea,theresearchhasbeendevelopedwiththereviewofdocumentaryfilesrelatedtothepreservationarea.Threepotentiallocations,withtouristic appeal andpalaeobotanical significance,weredescribedandevaluated indetailusing theformsproposedbypreviousauthors.Asforthepatrimonialrelevance,itwasrevealedthat,althoughthe MNAF contains a well-developed and approved conservation project, it is minimallyimplemented. The specific environmental education programs as well as the development ofstrategic sustainable tourism, demand emphasis and effectiveness. That will certainly be of greatvalue especially for the population living in the park area or vicinity. The studied geological sitesindicatedaspotential areas togeotourismare the “FazendaAndradina”, “FazendaBuritirana”and“Fazenda Torre da Lua”. Considering the results so far produced, the palaeobotanical heritageobservedatthoseareasarescientificallyrelevantandwillbepreservedwiththenewconservationapproach.

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Session12:CitiesoftheFuture–Megacities–UrbanAreas

Convener:Prof.Dr.Ing.B.Eisenberg

InstitutfürLandschaftsplanungundÖkologie,Stuttgart,Germany

Examples from the fields of Cities of the future, Megacities, and Urban Cities shall provideinformationonissuesalreadyestablishedandstudiedbyresearchprojectsofsustainableinteractionbetweennaturalresourcesandprocessesanddemandsofhumansocieties.Inaddition,weseekforpresentationsrelatedtothesustainablefutureofCities,Megacities,andUrbanareas.Thetalksshallprovide information on analytical tools that help to retrieve necessary information for decisionmakers that have to implant managing systems, define economic behaviours and formulate andchangenecessaryjudicialsystemstoinitiateandprovidethelegalbaseforsustainabledevelopment.

KeynoteLecture:Prof.Dr.BerndEisenberg,InstituteofLandscapePlanningandEcology,UniversityofStuttgart,

Prof.Dr.JoelDiasdaSILVA,DepartamentodeEngenhariadeProduçãoeDesign,ProgramadePós-GraduaçãoemEngenhariaAmbiental,UniversidadeRegionaldeBlumenau,SantaCatarina,Brazil

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OralPresentations

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AdaptingStrategiesforIntegratedUrbanPlanning-ChallengesandLimitationsBerndEisenberg

InstituteofLandscapePlanningandEcology,UniversityofStuttgart,[email protected]

Water scarcity isbothanaturalandahuman-madephenomenon,affectinga largenumberof theworld’s population on every continent, with lacking access to clean, safe water and as aconsequence, illness and deaths caused by unsafe water. Urbanization processes are the drivingforcesand inarid regions they createevenmore challenges regardinga secureandhealthywatersupply.Urbanplanningapproachesforthoseregionsbutalsoforareas,wherewaterscarcityisnotextreme,needtointegrateandconsidertheurbanwatercycleinordertoproposenewalternativeswithinitslocalcontext.Thepaperlooksattheexistingscientificandpracticalknowledgeofwaterorientedurbanplanning.Itfocuses on the concepts of water sensitive urban design (WSUD) and green infrastructure (GI). ItinvestigatestheirpotentialforadaptingtodivergentconditionsingeneralandtheapplicationtotherealcaseofmetropolitanLima.Lima is facing tremendous challenges, due to the unparalleled complexity of its problems – a drydesertlocation,minimalrainfall,lowlevelofwastewaterreuse.Furthermoreclimatechangeeffectsover theAndeanmountains that arepredicted to lead to a decreasingwater supply (Kosowet al.2013)andrapid,uncontrolledurbangrowthconsumeslandwithimportantecosystemservicesandleavesalargeproportionofthepopulationinriskyandvulnerablelivingconditions.WiththeLimaEcological (Green) InfrastructureStrategyanexample ispresentedforan integratedurban planning strategy that tackles both urban development and water management alikesupportedbylandscapeandurbanplanninganddesigntools.The challenges for adapting concepts like WSUD and GI to a situations characterized by highlydynamicurbangrowth, limitedwater resourcesandweakurbanplanning institutionsareexploredandlimitationsforthetransferabilityofplanningconceptsarehighlighted.

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Sustainabilityperformancetrackingofsocialhousingprograms:thetaleoftwoprojectsinBrazil

Silva,VG1,Kowaltowski,DCCK1,Mansur,A.2

1: School of Civil Engineering,Architecture andUrbanDesign,University of Campinas –UNICAMP,Campinas,Brazil;2MunicipalityofNiteroi,Niteroi,Brazil.

Design evaluation, during the synthesis phase of the architectural and urban design processes, isusually performed in an informal manner by professional teams. Reflecting in action takes placecontinuouslyduringthedevelopmentofaproject,whendesignersassessthevalidityofthesolutionthatisemerging.Designevaluationinvolvescomparisonsbetweendifferentproposalsordesignsatvariousstages.Evaluationmethodsare importantdesignqualitysupport tools.Mostof thesemethodscomefromacademicenvironmentsandarenotreadilyapplicabletotypicaleverydayprofessionalprojects.Butsomeofthemmightbepragmaticenoughtoproduceusefuldesignoutputs,whichshouldbetested.In this paper, amixof threepragmaticmethods is applied for design solutions screeningof socialhousing projects, aiming at evaluating their contribution towardsmore sustainable solutions. Themethodsare:Comparativefloorplan(CFA),TransitOrientedDevelopment(TOD)andaselectionofsustainablesiteplanindicatorscompiledbyresearchersattheUniversityofCampinas(Kowaltowskietal,2006).CFA is based on the comparison of building layouts for similar organizations. Thetransit-orienteddevelopment (TOD)method is based on the urban planning concept ofmixed-useresidential andcommercialareasdesignedtomaximizeaccesstopublictransport.Thethirdmethodisbasedonsixqualityof lifeandsustainability indicatorsforresidentialdevelopmentsinaBraziliancontext,theseare: integrated community and security; site-planning; street and path system and parking; publicandprivateopenspace;landscapingandarchitecture.To assess the capacity of such methods to (1) detect contributions regarding sustainabilityperformanceand(2)allowfor improvementopportunities,weappliedthesethreemethodstotwocase studies, developed under the auspices of the Brazilian Social Housing Program “Minha CasaMinha Vida” - PMCMV (My House My life). The first project represents typical practice for thePMCMV. The second project followed TOD principles aiming at improved urban insertion andmobility quality.Our results showed that, though not specifically developed to assess issues ofsustainability, the studied tools provided important insights, which are indirectly related to theconceptofbuildingmoresustainablecommunities.

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MinhaCasaMinhaVida”housingprogram:thegapbetweenwhatweknowandwhatweshouldknowKowaltowski,DCCK1,Silva,VG1

1: SchoolofCivil Engineering,ArchitectureandUrbanDesign,UniversityofCampinas –UNICAMP,Campinas,Brazil

TheProgram“MinhaCasaMinhaVida”-PMCMV(MyHouseMylife) iscoupledwithinfrastructureinvestmentprogramsaspartofalargefederalhousingpolicyinBrazil.ThepurposeofthePMCMVisto eradicate the Brazilian housing deficit, which was in 2010 estimated at 5 million homes. Theofficialnumbersreportthat3,7millionunitswerecontractedandthatabout2millionhousesweredeliveredbyDecember 2014, in contexts ranging from small towns tomegacities. Such enormousinterventions frequently stretch city perimeters and stress infrastructure capacity. In some cases,theyevencreatenew,incomplete,urbansatellites,withsubstantialimpactsinmanyfronts.In2012theMinistryforCitiescreatedanindependentresearchnetworktoevaluatetheprogram.AplethoraofotherstudiesonthePMCMVhasgeneratedabout1489bibliographic items inthepastfive years. Kowaltowski et al. (2015) presented a research synthesis and gap spotting to drive thediscussionofhousingqualityandtheimpactofthePMCMVonBraziliancities.Somemajorpillarsofresearchbecameclear,including:urbandesignandimpact,financialandeconomicquestions,socialissues, public policies, and sustainability and environmental aspects. This paper re-examines theportion of the published material with regard to the issue of sustainability. The internationaldiscussion on the same topic, as well as the gaps between the Brazilian and global contexts, areexplored further. Results indicate that research is frequently repeated without addressing crucialquestions.Theyalsopointoutdirectionsfornewstudiestoeffectivelyimprovethequalityofsocialhousing,withpositiveimpactonpresentandfuturecities.Reference:Kowaltowski, D.C.C.K., Granja, A.D., Moreira, D. De C., Pina, S.A.M.G., Oliva, C.A. & Castro, M.R.(2015),“ThePanoramaofstudiesontheBrazilianhousingprogramcalled‘MinhaCasaMinhaVida’”,accepted for presentation at the 2015 APNHR Conference Korea: Search for New Paradigms forCollaborativeHousing,9-12April2015,Gwangju,Korea.

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SãoPauloMegacity:investigatingageneralmodelofcausalityinvolvingtheextremeurbanenvironmentandmentaldisorders

JoãoMauricioCastaldelli-Maia1,2,3([email protected]),ArthurG.Andrade1,2,3,LauraH.Andrade1

1:UniversityofSãoPauloMedicalSchool,DepartmentofPsychiatry,SãoPaulo,SP,Brazil2:FundaçãodoABCMedicalSchool,DepartmentofNeuroscience,SantoAndré,SP,Brazil3:ABCCenterforMentalHealthStudies,SantoAndré,SP,Brazil

Background: It is important to investigate the erratic impacts of megacity development on thementalhealthofhumanswholiveinthem.SãoPauloMetropolitanArea(SPMA)isauniquesettingfor this typeofstudy for itssocioeconomicdiversity,withextremesofpovertyandwealthexistingsidebyside.This,notsurprisingly,resultsinsocialtensionsandhighratesofurbanviolence,despiteSão Paulo’s being themajor financial and economic powerhouse of Brazil, with a Gross DomesticProduct(GDP)correspondingto16.7%oftotalBrazilianGDP.Methods: The structural equationmodelling (SEM) technique using theMplus statistical software(version 7.0) was chosen to investigate the mediating role stress could play in the associationbetween theunwelcomedevelopment variablesof aMegacity - suchas level of urbanizacity (LU),crimes/offenses/violence (COV) experienced as well as social deprivation (SD) – and the twodimensionalphenotypeswhichbettercapturethemostcommonmentaldisordersincurrenttimesinarepresentativesample(n=5,037)ofthepopulationoftheSPMA.ThroughSEM,wehavetriedtofindageneralmodelofcausalityinvolvingtheextremeurbanenvironmentandmentaldisorders.Results: Stress acts as amediating factor in the associationbetween twomegacity developmentalvariables (LU and COV) and the two dimensional phenotypes ofmental disorders (phenotype 1 =anxiety,depression,impulsivityandinsomnia;phenotype2=substanceusedisorders).However,wealsofounddirecteffectsofmegacitydevelopmentalvariables(LUandCOV)inthesetwophenotypes.Incontrast,thismodelwasnotvalidforSD.SDonlyhadadirecteffectonthesubstanceusedisorderphenotype. Othermodels, including a third dimensional phenotype of commonmedical disorderslargely found inmegacities (i.e., cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive disorders, diabetes, andmigraine)were also investigated. LUwould appear to have no direct effect upon this phenotype,havingonlyanindirecteffectviastress.Conclusion:Thesefindingspointtoimportantdifferencesinthecausalchainofmentalandmedicaldisorderswithin the large urban environment. Thephenomenonofmegacities could be seen as a“negative legacy“ for the next generation, from the psychological/psychiatric point-of-view,whichwouldinvestigatetowhatextentlivinginastressfulurbanenvironmentmightgenerateawiderangeofmentaldisorders.

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ASustainabilityIndexinaEnvironmentalbasin:Analternativeapproachtourbanrivermanagementandplanning.

Reis,A.L.Q1;Lima,E.R.V2;Andrade,M.O3;Reis,C.M.M.4

1:UniversidadeFederaldaParaíba,CentrodeCiênciasExatasedaNatureza,LaboratóriodeEstudosAmbientais–PRODEMAUFPB,JoãoPessoa,Brazil,[email protected]: Universidade Federal da Paraiba. Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza. Departamento deGeociências,JoãoPessoa,[email protected]:Universidade Federal daParaíba, CentrodeCiênciasHumanas Letras eArtes.DepartamentodeSociologia,JoãoPessoa,[email protected]: Universidade Federal da Paraiba. Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza. Departamento deGeociências,JoãoPessoa,[email protected]

The present work sought to develop an index that could promote environmental sustainability,provide preemptive information to both society and the government, as well as proposeconservationactionsthatcouldharmonizetheurbanenvironmentwithecosystemservicesprovidedby rivers and green areas in João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. The research project investigated thevulnerabilitiesandstrengthsofanurbansocialecosysteminrelationtourbanizationprojects,takinginto consideration the harmony with natural environments still present in cities even with highdegrees of urbanization - but without proper planning – in order to avoid the continuousdeteriorationofenvironmentalconditions.Theneedforbothgovernmentandsocietytoworkinanintegratedmannertopromotesustainabilityisemphasized.Thisworkanalisedfiveurbanriversanduseamethodologyofperformanceevaluationoffourdimensionsofsustainability(social,economic,environmentaland institutional)VanBellen,2006.Thisareawasselectedbecause itcontainswell-definedgeographicallimitsandeasilyidentifiedandbyhavingstrategicimportancefortourismandrelevanceintheconservationofcoastalecosystems.However,theriverbasinsofthecityhadtheirconformationsalmostchangedbecausetheurbanization.Thus,theurbanwatermanagementbasedonthewatershedconcept,isinefficientway,becausetheareaofinfluenceofurbanchangesintheriver basin, beyond its geographical borders. Thus in territorial aspects, environmental basin ischaracterized by a territorial space of dynamic properties, whose limits are set by environmentalsustainability relations between the dimensions involved and not by topographical or territorialjurisdictionlimitations(RUTKOWSKI,1998SANTOS,2004)allowingtransform,revitalizeandmaintainthe river landscape inanenvironmentofpromotingsustainability, strengthening thepotentialandminimizinglocalvulnerabilities.References:Rutkowski, Emília; Santos, Rozely Ferreira dos. Bacia ambiental: umoutro olhar para a gestão daságuas doces urbanas. Trabalho apresentado no Congreso Ibérico sobre Planificaión y Gestión deAguas,emZaragoza(Espanha)emsetembro/98.Santos, Rozely Ferreira. Planejamento Ambiental: Teoria e Prática. São Paulo, Editora: Oficina deTextos,2004.Van Bellen, Hans Michael. Indicadores de Sustentabilidade: Uma Análise Comparativa, 2° Edição,EditoraFGV.2006.

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AspectsofEnvironmentalSustainabilityinBlumenauCity,StateofSantaCatarina

Francisco,R.C.1,Silva,J.D2,Bohn,N.3

1:PPGEA/FURB,Blumenau,SantaCatarina,[email protected]:PPGEA/FURB,Blumenau,SantaCatarina,Brazil,[email protected]:PPGEA/FURB,Blumenau,SantaCatarina,Brazil,[email protected]

Inrecentyears,agrowingconcernforsustainability,seekingtheintegrationofenvironmentalissueswith economic, social and political aspect is perceived in the Itajaí Basin River (HBIR). Inserted inHBIR,theSerradoItajaíNationalParkishometotheheadwatersofthemaincreeksthatsupplythenine cities in which it embeds; one of those towns is Blumenau. In this park, the preservation ofnatural ecosystemsof great ecological relevance and scenic beauty, enabletheaccomplishmentofscientificresearchandthedevelopmentofeducationalactivities and environmental interpretation,recreationincontactwithnatureandecologicaltourism.Inthisregard,since2003,thecityhasalegalframeworkforEnvironmentalEducation(EE),uponapprovalofComplementaryLaw404,onJune5,the result of a highly participatory process, depicting the perception of the ones involved –representatives of the society on strategicactionsfortheimplementationoftheEEintown,besidesexpressinglocalfeatures.Inparallel,theMunicipalEnvironmentalAgency(FAEMA), inturn,throughreferendum,elected21treesimmunetocuttingforitsenvironmental,historicalorsentimentalvaluetoBlumenaupopulation. The preservation of riparian forest in non-buildable and non-cultivableareas of theMasterPlan,aswellastheprohibitionofhuntinginthecity,mademanyanimalspeciesreoccupy their natural habitat in the field of municipal administration. After reviewing the 1989-Master Plan, theBuildingLawstartedrequiringplantingatreeonthesidewalkfortheshipmentof"certificateofoccupancy"fornewbuildings.Thisway,re-urbanizationprojectsofsomeofthemainstreets of the city sought afforestation, creating pleasant spaces to remain, with new floorlayout, differentiated street furniture, emphasis on accessibility and urban mobility, with theextension of sidewalks, cycle-tracks integration and shelter for passengers of public transport.Blumenau also participates in theproject "50Partners for Climate2015" inwhich it operatesas apartner of the city ofWeingarten (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) on the joint development of aprogramofbilateralactionsintheareaofmitigationandadaptationtoclimatechange.Still,throughthe Intermunicipal Regulation Agency of the Itajaí Medium Valley (AGIR), an internationalcooperation agreement aimed at the solid waste management was signed between theIntermunicipal Consortium of Itajaí Medium Valley (CIMVI), the Association ofMunicipalities ofItajaíMediumValley (AMMVI)andBNUMWELTGmBH, aGerman company of Environmental andCivil Engineering,which areprovided for the training of civil technicians in regulatory areasof theAGIR. Other environmental initiatives materialized in the recent deployment of technologicalplatformsintheareasofenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergy,aswellasvaluationofwasteandsustainable logistics provided in the Plan for the Sustainable Competitiveness of Santa CatarinaIndustry,sponsoredbytheFederationofIndustriesSystemofSantaCatarina(FIESC).Thoseinitiatives,which occurred in the last decade in Blumenau, clearly demonstrated the emergence of a newmindset and a new concept of city relationship - environment, less antagonistic and seekingcomplementarity.ReferencesMadruga, K. et al. Sustentabilidade Comparada Brasil e Alemanha: Abordagens, Situação Atual ePerspectivas.Blumenau,EDIFURB,2010.Siebert,C.A.F.ArborizaçãoUrbana-ConfortoAmbientaleSustentabilidade:OcasodeBlumenau–SC.In:NUTAU2008–EspaçoSustentável:InovaçõesemEdifícioseCidades.USP,Brasil.2008.

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Urbanecosocioeconomics:socialsustainabilityindicatorsforaccidentsofbicycleandmotorbikemessengersinBrazil

Garcia1,Manon;Sampaio1,CarlosAlbertoCioce,Gonzalez2,AlejandroDaniel

1:ProgramadePós-GraduaçãoemGestãoUrbana,PontifíciaUniversidadeCatólicadoParaná,Brasil,[email protected]:InstitutodeInvestigacionesenBiodiversidadyMedioAmbiente,CONICETyUniversidadNacionaldelComahue,Bariloche,Argentina

The transition to sustainable development brings up new possibilities on daily practice actions. Insmallscale,asetofurbanalternativeecosocioeconomicssolutionsisfoundforsocio-environmentalproblemsatregionalscale.Thisworkdealswithindicatorsofsocio-environmentalsustainabilityfordeliveryof light freightbybicyclemessengers in the cityofCuritiba, EstadodoParaná,Brazil. Thegoal is to demonstrate the effectiveness of an ecosocioeconomics experience promotingsustainabilityinitsterritory.Althoughurbanlogisticsisasubsystemofurbanmobility,therearefewstudiesconsideringthisalternativetransportation.Partially,thisisduetothefactthattheactivityismerelyaprivatebusinessandtheresponsibilityweightsonprivateentrepreneurs.Inspiteofit,theimpacts of urban logistics in the urbanmobility system led to an increase in the number of thesescientific studies on the urban space. The choice of urban logistics to assess a case study ofecosocioeconomicsisrelatedtothefactthatCuritiba(1.7millioninhabitants)isamodelcityinthesubjectofurbanmobilityemphasizingontransportplanning.Amultiple-casestudymethodologyhasbeenappliedtocomparetheuseofbicycleswithmotorcyclesforurbanlightfreight.Thenumberofaccidentsperyearwaschosenassocialindicatorforthesustainabilityofeitherbicycleormotorbikedelivery. Statistics for theentrepreneurEcobike showed that theirbicycles run891,000kmbeforehavingaharmfulaccident(withhospitalization),whilealsoinCuritibamotorbikesdrove396,000kmwithout accidents. In order to compare to a case outside Brazil, we have interviewed a Germancompany in Berlin (3.5 million inhabitants) dedicated to bicycle delivery, and found that it runsaround 193,600 km without having accidents. The difference between cities might be due todifferent approaches to recording accidents in the two locations, and showing sensitivity of theindicator to institutional methodology to record data. In any case, in Curitiba, under the samemethodology to record accidents, bike messengers can drive more than double distance thanmotorbike deliveries without accidents. We concluded that the urban experience ofecosocioeconomicsEcobikemessengerspresentspositiveresults regardingthesustainabilityof theurbanenvironment.Moreso,thisresearchcontributestopolicydecisionmakerswithestimatesonlightfreighturbandeliveryandtheconvenienceofbicycleuseinurbanfreightlogistics.References:-M.García, C.A.C. Sampaio,A.D.González, “Ecosocioeconomics applied tourban freight bybicycleandmotorcycleinthecityofCuritiba,Brazil”.WITTransactionsonEcologyandtheEnvironment191,DOI:10.2495/SC140601(2014)-Buhle,Thomas.Kundenservice.E-mailinterviewwithManonGarcia,2015.

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PosterPresentations

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FlightControlandNavigationforscalableandarbitrarilydimensionedUAVandmannedMulticopters

ReinerJäger,JerominSchwenk,JanZwiener

InstituteofAppliedResearch(IAF),KarlsruheUniversityofAppliedSciences(HSKA)

TheNAVKAnavigationtechnologiesat IAF/HSKAwereawardedasBadenWürttembergwinnerandon international level with bronze, among 434 competitors in the European Satellite NavigationCompetition(ESNC)2014[1].The NAVKA flight control system (algorithms, software and hardware) is part of the abovetechnologies. Itwasdevelopedby the authors in the scopeof theNAVKAproject [2] and the ZIMproject [3] at IAF/HSKA. The flight control system can be used for the navigation and control ofmulticopter UAV and manned multicopters. Hereby the multicopters can be designed scalable inrespectto

• Applications• Size• Payloads• Sensorequipments.

Theflightnavigationandcontrolsystem isbasedonredundantGNSS,MEMS,cameraandMOEMSsensors.Possibleapplicationsanduse-casesforthedevelopedNAVKAflightcontrolsystemonUAVandmannedVolocoptersare:

• 3Dmappingandgeosensing• Filmindustry• Searchandrescueofpeople• AgricultureUAV• FacilitymanagementandmonitoringUAV• Wild-lifeprotection• TransportUAV• Fire-Fightingairvehicles• ABCsensingUAVforemergencyevent• Environment-friendlyandsilentmannedairtaxis

The abovementioned further sensors, e.g. cameras, laser scanners, radar andothers canbe geo-referenced by using the state-vector of the UAV navigation. Changes in the payload are detectedautomatically and considered in the physical properties of the UAV and manned aircraft,respectively. Themathematicalmodelsof thenavigationand control algorithmsand the completesystem design (NAVKArine-FC-4) are presented. The running further developments on the NAVKAflight control system are also part of the presentation. Different UAV and manned volocopters,wheretheNAVKAflightcontrolalreadyrunsareshown.[1]ESNC2015Website:www.esnc.info/index.php?anzeige=bawue14.html[2]WebSiteNAVKAProject:www.navka.de[3]WebsiteZIMProjectVolocopter:http://www.navka.de/index.php/de/ueberblick-evolo

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EnvironmentalMonitoringofPollutantsRelatedtoClimateChangeusingSensorsofLowCost

Miranda,L.F.F.1;Domingues,M.A.O.2;Lyra,M.R.C.C.3;Interaminense,G.A.S.4;Silva,J.A.A.5

1: Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pernambuco, Department ofInformatics,Recife,Brazil2: Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pernambuco, Department ofInformatics,Recife,Brazil3: Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pernambuco, Department ofEnvironment,HealthandSafety,Recife,Brazil,E-mail:[email protected]: Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pernambuco, Department ofInformatics,Recife,Brazil5:RuralFederalUniversityofPernambuco,DepartmentofForestSciences,Recife,Brazil.

Thefastexpansionofthecitieshavebeenthetriggeringfactorofglobalclimatechange,alongwithanincreaseineconomicactivity,industrializationandconsumptionlevelsassociatedwithcitiesandtheirpopulations.Amongtheharmfulagents,thecarbonmonoxideemissions(CO)causedbytheuseofmotorvehicles isoneofthemost important.Searchtocontroltheemissionsofairpollutants inbigcitiesisasinequanonconditionforpromotingqualityoflifeandthehealthoftheirinhabitants.Low-cost sensors can become a robust and reliable technology for expansion of environmentalmonitoringnetworksandmakethemviable,fromaneconomicpointofview,especiallyforadoptionindevelopingcountries.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastoadaptacapitationmodule,deployedinacomputing and communications infrastructure, scalable and cost-effective for quantification of airpollutantsinrealtimeinordertoprovidedatafordecisionmakingrelatedtoenvironmentalqualityissues,focusingonlargeurbancenters.ThecapitationmoduleconsistedofanelectronicboardtypeArduino, simple electronic connectors, electronic boards support and environmental sensors forcarbon monoxide (CO), temperature and relative humidity of the air. The process of capture ofatmospheric data was due the exposure of the capitationmodule in area withmoderate flow ofvehiclesandwithgreater intensity in the rushhours.Thedatacollect tookplaceat intervalsof15minutes, yielding about 50 data per day, over a period of 5 days. To perform the analysis of thecaptured data, the capitationmodulewas connected to a computer. The average level of CarbonMonoxide (CO)was154, temperatureof 31.8 °C andRelativeHumidity 45.7% (without calibrationvalues).Theexperimentwasa testsensornetworkmoduleconceptofelements thatcharacterizestheairqualityindex,beingabletoidentifyabruptchangesinairquality.Theprospectofcomparativetestingandadjustmentoftheequipmentpointtothefeasibilityofuseofthecapitationmoduleaslow-costtechnologyforenvironmentalmonitoring.Theproposalconsistsoftheaggregatefunctionsmechanism, such as the expansion of capture dynamics (example, SO2 and NO2 sensors), thetransmissionof informationremotelyandsharingofenvironmentaldatawith targetedsystems forurbanmobility.

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ComparativeLCAoftreatmentoptionsforpackagingandresidualwasteinGermany:Casestudy

Nunes,KRA1,2,Campitelli,A1,Schebek,L1

1: Technische Universität Darmstadt - Institute IWAR – Chair of Material Flow Management andResourceEconomy-Darmstadt-Germany2:Correspondingauthor:[email protected]

In1991theGermanPackagingWasteOrdinanceintroducedtheproductresponsibilityprinciples,andasconsequence,manufacturersanddistributorsofpackagingbecameresponsibleforthepackagingbroughttothemarket.InGermanysalespackagingwastearedisposedofinso-calledyellowbagsorbinsandcollectedfromhouseholdsbydualsystemcommissionedcompanies.Ahighpercentageoftheseyellowbags is converted intoenergyandheating in incinerators. TheGerman recycling lawwasupdated in2012anda legalbasis for the introductionofasingle recyclingbinwascreated toreplacetheyellowbags.Thisbinwillbefillednotonlywithpackaging,butalsowithnon-packagingmaterials. The present study aims to support involved municipal and private companies throughevaluation of the environmental impacts of the single bin in comparison to the other wastemanagementalternatives (businessasusual, total incinerationand total land filling),using specificdatafromaaneconomicstrongarealocatedintheFrankfurt/Rhine-MainRegion.

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DashboardSustainabilityappliedinaCuiáriverbasin,JoãoPessoa,Paraíba,Brazil

Reis,A.L.Q1;Abreu,B,S2;Lima,P,P.S.3;Nóbrega,F.S.4

1: PRODEMA UFPB e Centro Universitário João Pessoa UNIPE João Pessoa, Brazil,[email protected]:CentroUniversitárioJoãoPessoaUNIPE,JoãoPessoa,[email protected]:CentroUniversitárioJoãoPessoaUNIPE,JoãoPessoa,[email protected]:CentroUniversitárioJoãoPessoaUNIPE,JoãoPessoa,[email protected]

ThisarticlepresentstheDashboardSustainabilityapplied inanurbanriver inJoãoPessoa,Paraíba,Brazil. The Cuiá river hidrographic basinwas selected to this study, because presents amoderatestate of urbanization, it containsmany green areas, have a strategic importance because receives30% treateddomestic sewageandhavea relationwithanerosionprocess in south region in JoãoPessoa.Thismethodbasedon the inseparabilityprincipleof relationshipsof influence factors thatcause changes in natural environment. Dashboard Sustainability is an index that represents thesustainability of a system comprising the average of several indicators with equal weights,categorizedintofourperformancecategories:economic,social,environmentalandinstitutional.Bylinking the performance indicators that involve economic growth, social equity, environmentalpreservationwillbepossibleprovideviabletargetsforurbanenvironmentalplanning.ReferencesParanhosFilho,AntônioConceição;Carnelossi,CristianyFosquiani;Streilling,SérgioDeSouza;Ferreira,JoséHilárioDelconte;Prates,KátiaValériaMarquesCardoso.AnáliseDoImpactoDaAçãoAntrópicaSobreUmaNascenteDoRioÁguaGrande(Ubiratã–Pr)AtravésDeImagemDeSatélite.Reis, André LuizQueiroga. ÍndiceDe SustentabilidadeAplicadoÀ BaciaDoRio Cuiá – João Pessoa(Pb). Dissertação De Mestrado Do Programa Regional De Pós-Graduação Em Desenvolvimento EMeioAmbiente(ProdemaUfpb),2010.Santos, Rozely Ferreira. Planejamento Ambiental: Teoria E Prática. São Paulo, Editora: Oficina DeTextos,2004.Van Bellen, Hans Michael. Indicadores De Sustentabilidade: Uma Análise Comparativa, 2° Edição,EditoraFgv.2006.

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TheGeodeticNetworkusedforenvironmentgeoreferencedsurveysandmappinginBrazil

SAATKAMP,E.D.

Universidade Federal da Santa Maria - Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Núcleo deGeotecnologias,SantaMaria,Brasil,E-mail:[email protected]

Technically, positioning consists ondetermining thepositionbymeanof coordinates, relative to areference.ThetechnicalandscientificactivitiesthatrequirepositioningontheEarth'ssurfaceneedareferencethatisfixedtoit.Inthiscase,positioningischaracterizedbybeinggeoreferenced.AlmostallhumanactivitiesarecarriedoutonthephysicalsurfaceoftheEarth(environment).Thus,almostall environment activities need to perform georreferenced positioning: for planning, previously toimplement a Project; for the location of the projected features; or others. The planning can beperformed with the aid of topographical charts or maps from geographical area of interest. Formapping surveys or georeferenced positionings be possible, there must be a geodetic referencenetwork.Thisworkpresents theBraziliangeodesicnetwork: itsdefinition, its implementation,andanoverviewofthedataandservicesitprovidespubliclyinBrazil.TheBrazilianGeodeticSystemconsistsbasicallyofthreereferencenetworks:planimetric,altimetricandgravimetric(IBGE,2015).Framepointsofeachnetworkismadebylandmarksimplantedonthesurface of the country. They are the thousands order. However, the fact that Brazil has a largeterritory (about16timesthatofGermany),geodesicmarkssometimesarerelatively farapart.Theplanimetricnetwork is divided into subnets, according to the techniqueused in the survey, at thetimeof implementationof that framework.SATsubnet (landmarksraisedwithSatellitepositioningsystem(s))isthemostcurrentandaccurate.Andsheisalsobrokendownintotwosubnets:passive(SAT landmarks with precise coordinates) and active. The active subnet consists of landmarks orstations where there is a high quality GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) receiver thatscontinuouslytrackingonit.ThissubnetiscalledBrazilianNetworkforContinuousMonitoring-RBMC,andthetrackeddataarepublic.Usershaveaccesstothisdataforpost-processingsurveysthroughthegeodeticdatabase,availableonthewebsiteoftheBrazilianInstituteofGeographyandStatistics-IBGE,which is the institution responsible for Cartography andGeodesy in Brazil. Still,most of theactive network stations (RBMC) also provides real time tracked data by mean of NetworkingTransportationofRTCMInternetProtocol-NTRIP.InBrazil,thisserviceiscalledRBMC-IP,andenablesuserstoperformrealtimeprecisegeoreferencedpositioningorsurvey.Thegeographicdistributionof the landmarks of this network, as well as some statistical access and use data of it will bepresented.Reference:IBGE-Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística web page <http://www.ibge.gov.br/home>Accessedon23,April2015.

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Session13:InfectiousDiseases

Convener:Dr.T.Jänisch1,Prof.Dr.E.Marques2

1: Department of Infectious Diseases, Section Clinical Tropical Medicine, Heidelberg UniversityHospital,Germany2:FIOCRUZPernambuco,Recife,Brazil

Dengue iscausingapandemicofunprecedentedextent.Withanestimated2.5–4billionpeopleatriskin126countries(>40%oftheglobalpopulation),dengueisthemostimportantmosquito-bornedisease worldwide and is present on all continents. Large-scale unplanned urbanization in thesouthernhemispherehascreatedfavourablebreedingconditionsfortheAedesmosquitovectorsofdengue. Increased mobility of people and goods lead to frequent introductions of potentiallyviraemic travellers in uninfected regions and have helped to disperse the mosquito vector topreviouslyuninfectedlocations.Twolargedengueprojects,fundedbytheEuropeanUnion,werecoordinatedindirectsequencebyThomas Jänisch at Heidelberg University Hospital. The partners of the current IDAMS consortium(International Research Consortium on Dengue Risk Assessment, Management, and Surveillance)include WHO, Oxford University, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, the Red Cross ClimateCentre,andtwelvepartnersindisease-endemiccountriesinLatinAmerica,Africa,andAsia.InBrazil,the partners are FIOCRUZ (Pernambuco & Rio de Janeiro) and the State University of Ceará(Fortaleza).Theresearcheffortswithintheconsortiumincludeclinicalobservationalstudies,virologyand immunology, surveillance, and the prediction of outbreaks. Brazil is currently reportingmoredenguecasestotheWHOthananyothercountry–in2012closeto500.000cases.ThesessionwillconcentrateonthedeterminantsofdengueinurbanenvironmentsinBrazilasacasestudyforinterdisciplinaryresearch.

KeynoteSpeaker:Prof.Dr.ErnestoT.Marques(FIOCRUZ-Pernambuco,Recife,Brazil

Prof.Dr.CarlosPassos,FaculdadeUnBPlanaltina,UniversidadedeBrasília,Planaltina,Brazil

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OralPresentations

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Indroduction–EnvironmentallinksofcurrentdenguepandemicThomasJaenisch

SectionClinicalTropicalMedicine,DepartmentforInfectiousDiseasesandParasitology,Departmentfor Infectious Diseases, Coordinator IDAMS consortium, Heidelberg University Hospital, ImNeuenheimerFeld324,Heidelberg,Germany,[email protected]

Inthesessionon“InfectiousDiseasesinUrbanEnvironments”wewilldiscussthecurrentchallengeofinfectiousdiseasesinurbanenvironmentswithafocusondenguefever.Denguehasbecomethemostimportantvector-bornediseasegloballywithanestimated390Millioninfectionsperyearand~40%oftheglobalpopulationlivingindengueendemiccountries.Inthelastyears, Brazil has reportedmore dengue cases toWHO than any other country worldwide. Urbanenvironmentswithman-madecontainersprovideidealbreedingconditionsforthemosquitovectors.Main drivers for the ongoing pandemic are (unplanned) urbanization and globalization. There iscurrentlynolicensedvaccineandnocausaltherapyavailable.Denguefeverhasbecomea“signaturedisease”oftheenvironmentalhealthproblemsassociatedwithlargeurbanareasintropicalaswellassubtropicalcountries.

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ThedistributionofAedesaegyptiandAe.albopictusinBrazil,currentknowledgeandimplicationsfordengueandchikungunyaspread.

MoritzU.G.Krämer

SpatialEcology&EpidemiologyGroup(SEEG),DepartmentofZoology,UniversityofOxford,UnitedKingdom

Dengueandchikungunyaareincreasingglobalpublichealthconcernsduetotheirrapidgeographicalspreadandincreasingdiseaseburden.Bothspeciesareinvadingnewconstantlycolonizingnewareasfuelledbyincreasedglobaltradeandtravel.Mappingtheglobaldistributionofthesevectorsandthegeographicaldeterminantsof their ranges isessential forpublichealthplanningespecially inareaswhere reporting is sparse. Brazil has a very comprehensive and systematic dengue surveillancesystembut ischallengedwiththe introductionoftwodifferentgenotypesofchikungunyarecently.Here we show the current knowledge of the vector distribution that transmit these viruses andoverlaythemwithoccurrencedataofdengueandchikungunyatoshowtheirenvironmentalniche.SomeofthedataisthenpairedwithdetailedgenomicdatatoshowdifferencesinriskofspreadinBrazil.

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DengueintheurbancontextinBrazil:whatcanvectorcontrolcontribute?OlafHorstick

InstituteofPublicHealth,HeidelbergUniversityHospital,formerAdvisortotheBrazilianGovernmentonexternalhealthcooperation

Thisanalysisdescribes1)theurbansettinginBrazilanditsenvironmentinrelationtoAedeshabitatsand2)asystematicapproachforvectorcontrolandrecommendationstowardsitsimplementation.TheurbansettinginBrazil ischaracterisedbyverydensehumanpopulations, largelysusceptibletodengueinfection-althoughpartlyexposedtoalldengueviruses(DENV1-4)-anddwellingsofferingnoor limitedprotectiontolarvalandadult infestationsofAedes.Withthegeographical locationinthesubtropicsandtropics,thisenvironmentoffers idealconditionsforthetransmissionofdengue,witnessedbytheincreasingnumberofreporteddengueinfectionsandalsothenumberandscaleofdengueoutbreaksinrecentyears.Vectorcontrolefforts inBrazilarelargelyorganisedbylocalgovernments,withatechnicalback-upof federal agencies, and involving communities. The interventions applied vary in different federalstates, most importantly the quality of the delivery varies. At this stage it is difficult to argue,whethervectorcontroloperationscontributetoareductionoftransmission.Denguevectorcontroliscurrentlydiscussedonthreelevels:1) single and combined vector control methods: Pyroproxifen, Temephos, Bacillus thuringiensisisraelensis,Copepodsandlarvivorousfish;2) or for a specific purpose: peridomestic space spraying, intradomicialary residual spraying,outbreakcontrol,and3)onastrategiclevel,asforexampledecentralizationversuscentralization,withasystematicreviewonvectorcontrolorganisation.Althoughvectorcontrolcanbeeffective,implementationremainsanissue.Singleinterventionsareprobably not useful; combinations of interventions havemixed results; careful implementation ofvector control measures may be most important; outbreak interventions are often applied withquestionableeffectiveness.Afeasiblesolution–consideringthelimitationsandcommunity-effectivenessofinterventions-mayconsistofoutbreakpredictionandearlyoutbreakdetection followedbyanemergencypackageofcombined intervention for1)Clinicalmanagement includingemergencyhealth serviceplanning,2)Health promotional activities for disease prevention and control awareness and 3) vector controloperationstailoredaroundlocallyavailablemean.

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PoorLandUse,PoorHealth:primarypreventionofhumanhealththroughsoundland-useforsmall-scalefarmersofthehumidtropic-ThePLUPHProjectCarlosJoséSousaPassos1,ChristineRomaña2,FrédéricMertens3,RobertDavidson4,MarcLucotte5

1: Faculty UnB at Planaltina & Centre for Sustainable Development, University of Brasília, Brasília(DF),Brazil,[email protected]

2:UniversityofParisV(RenéDescartes),Paris,France3:CentreforSustainableDevelopment,UniversityofBrasília,Brasília(DF),Brazil4:BiodomeofMontreal,Montreal(Quebec),Canada5:InstituteofEnvironmentalSciences,UniversityofQuebecatMontreal,Montreal(Quebec),Canada

Deforestation for small-scale agriculture has been associated to health risks for vulnerablepopulations in the Amazon. For instance, slash-and-burn activities have been (1) favouring thetransferofnaturally-occurringmercury(Hg) fromsoils intoaquaticecosystemsandresulting inthecontaminationoffishresources;(2)increasingtheriskofhumanexposuretoTrypanosomacruziandhenceAmericanTrypanosomiasis(Chagasdisease),followingtheproliferationofAttaleapalmsupondeforestation,Attaleabeingthemainforestecotopefortriatomineinsectvectorsofthepathogenicprotozoan. The PLUPH project - http://www.pluph.uqam.ca - part of the Canadian Global HealthResearch Initiative, has used these two environmental health emergent problems as exemplarypretexts to address primary prevention of human health through sound land-use for small-scalefarmers. Ithasfully integratedsocio-economicandbiophysicaldimensionsandhasunfolded intheTapajósRegionwatershed,anactivepioneerfrontwherebotholdripariancommunitiesandnewlyestablished inland colonies are found. Among other things, we mapped the basic epidemiologicsystem of the American Trypanosomiasis in the study area, identifying the Attalea palms localspecies,theirinfestationbytriatomines,thelevelofT.cruziinfectionofinsectsandtheirdispersionbetween palm trees. In parallel, we characterised the transfer of Hg from terrestrial to aquaticecosystems according to different land-use strategies, and assessed the human exposure to thiscontaminant taking into account both dietary, cultural, and socio-economic features of smallagricultural and fishing riparian communities. The scientific results of our project are now beingapplied to design sustainable agroecosystems and used to promote education, modes of ruraldevelopment and public policies inland Amazon, combining population health and environmentalprotection.

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Session14:SustainabilityofGerman-Brazilianprojects/joinedventures

Convener:Dr.M.Schulze

DAAD,DirectoroftheregionalOfficeinRiodeJaneiro,Brazil,

Brazilian-Germanprojects,cooperation,andjointventuresarevariousandcovernearlyall fieldsofhumanaction.Someprojectsaremoresuccessfulandhavemoreimpactthanothers.Thequestionstobeaskedand(hopefully)tobeansweredinthesectionare:WhatarethenecessaryconditionstomakeGerman-Brazilian cooperation projects sustainable? Are there specific drivers thatmake thedifference?Withinthissessionweseekforcontributionsfromallacademicfields,bestpracticesaswellasfailureanalysis.TheoutcomeofthesectionshouldbealistofessentialsustainabilitycriteriaforfutureGerman-Brazilianprojects,cooperation,andjointventures.

KeynoteLecture:

Prof.Dr.GerhardOverbeck,InstitutodeBiociências,UniversidadeFederaldoRioGrandedoSul,PortoAlegre,Brazil

Prof.Dr.BennoPokorny,FacultyofEnvironmentandNaturalResources,Freiburg,Germany,

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OralPresentations

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Brazilian-Germancooperationforconservation:jointresearchontheSouthBraziliangrasslands,asuccessstory.

GerhardE.Overbeck

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica,PortoAlegre,Brazil,[email protected]

Biodiversity conservation isaglobal issue,and researchcooperationcancontribute significantly tothe scientific basis for conservation. This is not because Brazilian institutions lack experience orknowlegde in the field, but because cooperation projects offer new possibilities and allow forbroader, sometimes newperspectives. The SouthBrazilian grassland region is a good example forthis.Brazilian-Germancooperationsprojectshavecontributedsubstantiallytoadvancesinscientificknowledge in a region hitherto neglected in terms of conservation. Using the example of thecooperationbetweentheUniversidadeFederaldoRioGrandedoSul (UFRGS),PortoAlegre,Brazil,andtheTechnischeUniversitätMünchen(TUM),Iwishtodiscusskeypointsthatmakeupsuccessfulandlong-termcooperationprojectsandthatallowforlong-termachievementsintermsofresearchandapplication,benefitingsustainabledevelopment.Thecooperationinquestionhasbeengoingonforalmost15years,withinvolvementofalargenumberofresearchersandstudents,aswellaswithconsiderable scientific output. Funding has been obtained from different agencies, and thecooperation builds on projects with very different approaches and objectives that arecomplementarytoeachother.Theaimofthetalkistoidentifythemainfactorsforsuccess,butalsoto analyze points thatmay complicate cooperations. In this, both the question of selection of thecooperation topic, and the way the cooperation is perceived on both sides and the way it isorganizedwillbeaddressed,asbothareofequalimportanceforcooperationsuccess.

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ThePartnershipBetweenSENAIinParanáandtheGermanGovernmentSupportingtheIndustrialSustainableDevelopment

CardosoJr.,A.1;Handa,RM2;Thiesen,MP2;Charvet,P4

1: SENAI Technology Institute of Environment and Chemistry, SENAI CIC, Curitiba, Brazil,[email protected]:SENAITechnologyInstituteofEnvironmentandChemistry,SENAICIC,Curitiba,Brazil3:OperationsDepartment,SENAIDR,Curitiba,Brazil

In1996theSENAINationalDepartmentsignedaTechnicalCooperationAgreementwiththeFederalRepublicofGermanythroughtheStateofBaden-WurttembergwiththeobjectiveofupgradingtheTechnologyCenter inSanitationandEnvironment (CETSAM)toaNationalCenterofEnvironmentalTechnology.DuringthisperiodCETSAMcountedwiththesupportfromGermanspecialistsandSENAIspecialists travelled to Germany to increase their knowledge on laboratory environmental essays,cleantechnologies,waterandwastewatertreatmentsystems,atmosphericemissions,solidresiduesand environmental management systems. Many joint consultancy projects were carried out,including hazardous waste industrial landfills; water and soil contamination evaluation;environmental diagnosis; pioneer measurements of atmospheric emissions using isokineticcollectors;organiccompoundsandmetal tracesanalysis.The2ndphaseof thisProject (2000-2001)strengthened industrial sustainable development in Brazil and emphasized solid residuesmanagement, environmental liabilities and clean technologies. The FIEP Waste Exchange wasimplemented based on a German initiative to promote recyclable material exchange betweencompanies and nowadays it operates as a national integrated online system (SIBR). In these twoinitialphaseseachpartnerinvestedover700,000DMtoincreaselaboratorialinfrastructure.The3rdphase (2002-2006) focused on health residues management, laboratory analytical essays andenvironmentalliabilitiesremediation.ApartnershipwasestablishedwiththeUniversityofStuttgart(ISWA) and professors taught at a SENAI specialization course, which later (2008) evolved to theProfessionalMaster’sPrograminUrbanandIndustrialEnvironmentinpartnershipwiththeFederalUniversityofParaná.From2006-2012therewereorganizationalandadministrativeadjustments inSENAI but the National Center of Environmental Technology kept its characteristics of providingquality services and education for industries in the environmental area. Considering the existingexpertiseandinfrastructure,withfurtherfinancialsupportfromtheNationalBankforEconomicandSocial Development (BNDES) and SENAI in Paraná, plus technical support from the GermanFraunhofer Institutes, theCenterbecame theSENAITechnology Institute (STI)ofEnvironmentandChemistry. Over 2,3 million Euros were invested mainly to purchase cutting edge technologyanalyticalequipmentandinabuildingthatwillbeusedforspecializedtrainingprogramsandappliedresearch laboratories.Thestrategicactivitiesof thisSTIcomprisetechnologydevelopment,appliedresearch and professional education since these are considered essential to adequately provideenvironmental solutions for industries and reduce environmental impacts. It is evident that thepartnership established since 1996 between SENAI in Paraná and Germany has significantlycontributedtotheBrazilianindustrialsustainabledevelopment.

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5CenturiesofGerman-BrazilianRelationshipEckhardE.Kupfer

Martius-StadenInstitut,SãoPaulo,Brazil,[email protected]

As a contribution to the presentation of German Business and Cultural activities during the year2013/2014, the Institutewas invited toorganizea summaryof the relationship ofthetwonationsfromtheearlyvisitsofadventurerslikeHansStaden,inthesixteenthcentury,untilthecontemporarytimeinthefieldofdiplomatic,economic,scientificandculturalactivities.Theorganizersofthisproject,ProfessorDr.WilliBolle,fromthedepartmentofGermanLiteratureattheUniversityofSãoPaulo,andEckhardE.Kupfer,journalistandheadoftheMartius-StadenInstitutforHistoryofGerman Immigration toBrazil, invitedover fiftyauthors, specialists in theirareas, tocontributewithpopular-scientificessaystothispublication.The firstbookpresented inOctober2013at theGoethe Institut inSãoPauloandat the Frankfurtbook fair is divided in three chapters: 16th to 18thcentury (an unknowncountry),the19thcentury(opendoorsforscientistsandimmigrants)andfromthebeginningofofficialrelationshipsofthetwonations(fromtheEmpiretotheRepublic).ThiseditionendsbythetimeBrazil jointtheallianceforworldwartwo.The second book again is divided in three chapters. Starting with the resumption of the officialrelations of the two nations in 1950, and relating the contemporary activities in diplomatic,economic,scientific, industrialandcultural interchange.Anadditionalpartcontainsessaysofsocialrelations such as tourism, football, typical food-receipts and asks: “Am I Brazilian or German?”,statementsofnativeslivingabroad.Thetwobooksarepublished inGermanundPortuguese.Eachessayisaccompaniedbyinformativeillustrations.

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DiscoveryouropportunitieswithBaden-WürttembergInternational.AnnegretTrettin

Baden-Württemberg International, Abteilung Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Stuttgart,Germany,[email protected]

Baden-Württemberg International (bw-i) is Baden-Württemberg's competence centre for theinternationalisation of business, science and research. bw-i lends support to domestic and foreigncompanies,researchinstitutionsanduniversitiesbyservingasthecentralfirstpoint-of-contactinallquestionsrelatedtointernationalisation.In Baden-Württemberg, all research universities and most of the universities of applied sciencesmaintain relations with Brazilian universities and research institutions. Therefore, bw-i regularlypresentsBaden-Württembergasalocationofhigher-educationatrecruitmentfairssuchasSalãodoEstudanteinBrazil.Intheareaofresearch,bw-iplansandorganizesdelegationtripsandparticipatesin theannualSBPCconference inBrazil, for instance.Actingasabroker that initiates internationalcooperations is one of bw-i´s most important tasks. Some of our information brochures are alsoavailableinPortuguese.

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AbridgebetweenBaden-WürttembergandBrazil

-Baden-WürttembergischesBrasilien-ZentrumderUniversitätTübingen-SabineHeinle

Baden-WürttembergischesBrasilien-ZentrumderUniversitätTübingen,Germany,[email protected]

In 2000, an agreement was signed between the two states Rio Grande do Sul and Baden-Württemberg inordertoenhancethescientificcooperation.Onefocus isthebilateralexchangeofstudents, researchers and visiting professors; another one is the advice of preparation andorganization of study and research stays and scientific projects, multidisciplinary and for alluniversitiesinBW.InadditiontolanguagecoursesinBrazilianPortuguesetoprepareanexchangetoBrazilweorganizeevery year students’ excursions to various regions of Brazil and a field course on geoecology insouthernBrazil,togetherwithpartneruniversitiesinRS.Since 2012 theBZprepares andorganize the study stay for the incoming students from the greatBrazilian scholarship program “Ciência sem Fronteiras” to study at Tübingen University. The BZ iscontactduringtheirwholestay.Beside this, the BZ supports and co-organize the biannual German-Brazilian Symposium forSustainableDevelopmenttogetherwithpartners.

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PossibilityandPotentialofGerman-BrazilianProjectsonSustainabilityofAmazonthroughJointVenturesCollaboration

Peregovich,BP1;Vale,WG2

1: Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, IEG, Santarém, Brazil,[email protected]:UniversidadeFederaldoOestedoPará–UFOPA,IBEF,Santarém,Brazil,

One thirdof theworld’s remaining rainforestsbelongs theAmazon rain forest.ThebulkofBrazil'sforest cover is found in theAmazonBasin, amosaicof ecosystemsandvegetation types includingrainforests (the vastmajority), seasonal forests, deciduous forests, flooded forests, and savannas,includingthewoodycerrado.Terrestriallyspeaking,itisalsothemostbiodiversitycountryonEarth,with more than 56,000 described species of plants, 1,700 species of birds, 695 amphibians, 578mammals,and651reptiles.Thisregionhasexperiencedanexceptionalextentofforestlossoverthepastfivedecadeinwholeareaexceedingalmost800.000squarekilometres,orabout19percentofitstotalsurfaceareaofmorethan4millionsquarekilometres,hasbeenclearedintheAmazonsince1970, when only 2.4 percent of the Amazon's forests had been lost. The increase in Amazondeforestation in the early 1970s coincided with the settlement of the region through theconstructionoftheTrans-AmazonianHighway,whichopenedlargeforestareastodevelopmentbysettlersandcommercialinterests,likelytheexplorationoftheforestandmineralresourcesandtheestablishmentofextensivecattlefarmingsystem.Inmorerecentyears,growingpopulations intheAmazon region, combinedwith increased viability of other agricultural operations, have caused afurther rise in deforestation rates. Thus there are vast possibilities for German-Brazilian academiccommunity to set up bi-national projects to study the impacts and consequences caused by theexploration of those different activities, mainly small-scale gold mining, (garimpagem), industrialmining activities in general, forestry, cattle farming, large scale soybean cultivation and otheragriculturalactivitiesandthesustainabilityofsuchpracticesforthefuturegenerationsaffectedbyit.Withtherecently,in2009,foundedFederalUniversityofWesternPará-UFOPAinSantarém,beinglocated at the banks of Amazon and Tapajós rivers, there is an interdisciplinary institution in themiddle of the lower Amazon basin as a new potential partner for any kind of cooperation andresearch projects directly in the Amazon region, despite all the difficulties and problems a newuniversityhastosurmountintheirinitialstage.

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WhatmakesaSUCCESSFULappliedscientificproject?LessonslearnedfromMinasGerais,Brazil

JörgMatschullat1,EleonoraDeschamps2

1:InterdisciplinaryEnvironResCentre,TUBergakademieFreiberg,Germany,[email protected]:FumecUniversity,Dept.ofEnvironmentalEngineering,BeloHorizonte,Brazil,[email protected]

Asuccessfulpieceofappliedresearchwillnotonlyinfluencetherelatedproblemperceptionwithinthe scientific community, but also lead to much better understanding of a complex challenge,including the delivery of solutions. Ideally it may contribute significantly to reducing possible risksituationsforpeopleand/orthenaturalenvironment.Inshort,asuccessfulstudywillhaveabroaderimpactbeyondthesphereofscience.Planningandtiming,funding,networking,communication,andinterdisciplinarity are identified as key aspects for a successful project and are being examined intheir scope and boundary conditions, while not forgetting about the particular role of local andregionalpeopleandauthorities(MatschullatandDeschamps2015).Definingwhatmakesasuccessfulenvironmentalgeochemicalstudyisclearlybestbasedinthisworkon experience and evidence found, and not upon any particular theoretical concept. Here,experienceisdrawnfortheoutcomeofmanyprojects,andspecificallyfirst-handfromthecomplexARSENEX project in Minas Gerais, Brazil (Deschamps and Matschullat 2007, 2011). Against thebackdrop of both perceived and real arsenic contamination of environmental compartments,including localpeople,all subsequentproject stepsandproposalsweresetupusinga three-prongapproachthatsoughttoa)understandtheprocesses,b)educateandinformthepublicandallotherstakeholdersandc)remediatethesituation.ReferencesDeschamps E, Matschullat J (2007) Arsênio antropogênico e natural. Um estudo em regiões doQuadriláteroferrífero.FundaçãoEstadualdoMeioAmbiente,BeloHorizonte;330p.DeschampsE,MatschullatJ(2011)Arsenic:naturalandanthropogenic.Arsenicintheenvironment4:209p.CRCPressMatschullat J, Deschamps E (2015) What is a successful environmental geochemical study? ApplGeochem(submittedApril2015,invitedreview)

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CapacityBuildingandFundamentalResearchtoDevelopandImplementaMechanicalBiologicalTreatmentFacilitywithanIntegratedFermentationStage

inJundiaí-SP,BrazilPereira,C.1,Fricke,K.2,Leite,A.3

1: TU Braunschweig, Waste and Resource Management, Braunschweig, Germany, [email protected]: TU Braunschweig,Waste and ResourceManagement, Braunschweig, Germany, [email protected]:MunicipalityofJundiai,PublicServicesSecretary,Jundiai,Brazil,[email protected]

TheNationalPolicy forSolidWaste,published in2010 inBrazil,moved the themesolid residue toanotherlevel,extrapolatingdiscussionsfocusedexclusivelyonformsoffinaldisposalinlandfills.Thenew legal framework incorporates the consciousnessofwealthandpotential possibilities inwastemanagement, italsorevealstheerrorsandomissionsthathavebeenaccumulatedoverthepast30years.TheProject“CapacityBuildingandFundamentalResearchtoDevelopandImplementaMechanicalBiological Treatment Facilitywith an Integrated Fermentation Stage in Jundiaí-SP, Brazil” aimed toopenamultidisciplinarydiscussionintegratingseveralmarketsegments,inordertoallowthedesignoftoolsfortheimplementationofasustainablemanagementofmunicipalsolidwaste.During the project implementation it was possible to enter into debates that spanned from thetechnologies in the form of fermentation, composting, recycling, and energy recovery up to theprovisionof information,adviceon the introductionofa sustainablewastemanagementand, still,theengineeringandscientificcontent,aswellastherelevantaspectsfortheimplementationoftheprojects,suchastrendsandchallengesofmanagement,amongotheraspectsofthemarket.ThisprojectalsoprovidedcomprehensiveknowledgeaboutthisnewmarketforBrazilandalsotheconstructionofaninter-relationshipwiththesectorofwastewithinBrazil-Germany,establishinganexchange with iconic German institutions on best practices to ensure climate protection and thepreservation of natural resources, thus providing a continuous exchange of experiences, throughvocationalandtechnologicaleducation.TheestablishedtechnicalcooperationbetweenGermanandBrazilianinstitutionshasenhancedthebest practices in the management of municipal solid waste transcending preliminary aims byprovision of technical staff and infrastructure, and creating opportunities to democratize theinformation forpromotingpurposesof aholistic viewasdifferentiatedwastemanagement. Theseeffortshascausedaculturalchangethatwillprotectournaturalresourcesandclimate,ensuringabetterfuturefornextgenerations.

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BAYLAT:ScienceandResearch–InternationalizationandSustainabilityIrmadeMelo-Reiners

BavarianUniversityCenterforLatinAmerica(BAYLAT),Erlangen,Germany,[email protected]

Thepresentationwill focuson theuniversity center’smain activities: cooperationopportunities inscienceand researchwith LatinAmericaandespeciallyBrazil, anemergentandexcellent researchregion,inthelightofinternationalizationandsustainability.The Bavarian University Center for Latin America (BAYLAT) is a service institution founded by theBavarianStateMinistryofEducation,ScienceandtheArts(StMBW).BAYLAT’smaingoalistofurtherconnections and collaborations between Bavarian and Latin American universities and researchinstitutions;withinthescopeofitsinternationalresearchmarketing,BAYLATrecruitsexcellentLatinAmericanscientistsforBavaria.BAYLAT’sobjectivesarerelatedtotheBavarianuniversities’internationalizationstrategy.Toachievethoseobjectives,BAYLATplansandperforms itsactivitieswithintheconceptofScience,UniversityandCooperationDiplomacy.Asacompetenceand informationcenter forBavariaand20LatinAmericancountries,BAYLAThasseveralfocalpoints:BAYLATencouragesthecreationofnetworksbetweenBavarianandLatinAmericanuniversitiesandresearch institutionsandsupports furthermore the lastingestablishmentof researchalliances.Theuniversitycenterwinsoverstrategicpartnershipsinbothregionsandassistsresearchallianceswithits international research marketing. BAYLAT also provides competent consultancy for mattersregarding universities, research areas as well as opportunities for academic and scientificcollaboration with Latin America and Bavaria. In addition to the coordination and the programorganization for official delegations from and to Latin America, the center organizes scientificconferencesandmeetingsconcerningsubjectsrelevantforbothregions.Withitsowninitialfundingprograms BAYLAT encourages and aids innovative binational projects in research and academicteaching.

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German-BrazilianCooperationinScienceandTechnologyMatthiasFrattini

GermanAerospaceCenter,ProjectManagementAgency,EuropeanandInternationalCooperation,Bonn,Germany,[email protected]

Brazil isaprioritypartnerforscientific-technologicalcooperationofGermanyinLatin-America.Thetalk addresses the framework conditions and the thematic priority areas of the bilateral researchcooperation.Environmentaland sustainability topicsareof special importance in this context.DLRProject Management Agency is introduced with its mission to support the Federal Ministry ofEducation and Research in the cooperation with Brazil and to implement funding programs.ExamplesaregivenforbuildingupresearchnetworkswithBrazilianpartnerinstitutions.

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„FundingProgrammesoftheAlexandervonHumboldtFoundationandtheCooperationwithBrazil”

Dr.AnneSperschneider

HeadofDivisionCentralandSouthAmerica,AlexandervonHumboldtFoundation,Bonn/Germany,Email:[email protected]

Everyyear, theAlexandervonHumboldtFoundationenablesmorethan2,000researchers fromallover the world to spend time researching in Germany with a fellowship or research award. TheFoundationmaintainsanetworkofabout27,000Humboldtiansfromalldisciplinesinmorethan140countriesworldwide–including51NobelPrizewinners.Thelong-lastingcooperationwithBrazilhasshownastrongincreaselatelyduetoanewcooperationwith CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) through the “CAPES-Humboldt Research Fellowship Programme”. In this programme, fellowships of the HumboldtFoundationforresearcherscomingfromBrazilarebeingfinancedandgrantedtogetherwithCAPES.The programme is open to all fields of research, starting at a postdoc-level. 50 highly qualifiedresearchershavebeenselectedinthisjointinitiativesofar.EveryHumboldtianneedsanacademichostinGermany.Humboldthostingoffersanopportunityofmutualexchangeandglobalnetworking.EveryactiveacademicataresearchinstitutioninGermanycanbecomeanacademichost foraHumboldtFoundation fellowshipholderorawardwinner.ThehostsupportstheHumboldtianincarryingoutafreelychosenresearchproject.Forcostsincurredbythehost‘sinstituterelatingtoaresearchfellowship,theHumboldtFoundationoffersasubsidy.Brazil isoneof the fiveparticipating countries in the “GermanChancellor FellowshipProgramme”.Every year, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation grants up to ten scholarships to prospectiveleadersfromtheUSA,theRussianFederationChina,IndiaandBrazilrespectively.Theprogrammeistargeted at accomplished young professionalswho are likely to become decision-makers, thoughtleaders, and influential voices in their respective fields. This fellowship enables them to come toGermanyfor12monthsinordertoconductaprojectwithahostoftheirownchoice.Theroleofahost in the German Chancellor Fellowship Programme can be taken on by anyone working for apublicorprivate institution inGermany.Asamentor, thehost isexpected tosupport theGermanChancellorFellowinconductinghis/herprojectandtoprovideanappropriateposition.“OnceaHumboldtian–alwaysaHumboldtian"–fromtheverybeginning,thishasbeenthehallmarkof the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Humboldtians can count on the Foundation formaintaining the connections with Germany on a long-term basis through alumni sponsorshipprogrammes.Thisappliesalsofortheroughly400HumboldtiansinBrazil:AftertheirinitialresearchstayinGermany,theycankeepintouchwithspecialistcolleaguesthroughfurtherresearchstaystoGermany, amongst other things. The Research Group Linkage Programme allows Humboldtians indeveloping or threshold countries to cooperate over a period of three years with a researcherworkingataGermaninstitute.

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ResearchCooperationwithBrazil,DFGStatistics,Programmes,andFuturePerspectives.DietrichHalm

DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft,Director,InternationalCooperationwithLatinAmerica

The presentation “Research Cooperation with Brazil, DFG Statistics, Programmes, and FuturePerspectives” will reflect on recent developments of DFG-funding and co-funding with BrazilianfundingorganizationsbetweenGermanandBrazilianresearchers/researchinstitutions.DFGfundingprogrammes will be introduced in short and perspectives of the German-Brazilian cooperation inresearchwillbegiven.

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Cooperationforsustainability:AcriticalreflectiononthesuccessoftheGerman-Braziliancooperationinitiatives

BennoPokorny

Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Freiburg, Germany, [email protected]

Ever since the Earth Summit in Rio 1992 and the here initiated Pilot Program to Conserve theBrazilianRainforest(PPG-7),GermanyhasbecomeamajorpartnerofBrazilintheattempttoachievesustainabledevelopment.Sincethen, therehasbeen,howeverwithupsanddowns,an impressiveproliferation of German-Brazilian cooperation initiatives including hundreds of projects, programs,and joint ventures involving universities, development organizations, civil society and grassrootsorganizations,churchesandtheprivatesector.DuringtherecentvisitofchancellorMerkelinBrazil,both governments highlighted the success and achievements of the intensive cooperation of theleading economic powers of Europe and South-America in the fields of science, technology,commerceandenvironment.Butwhatexactlymeanssuccess,andwhathavebeentheachievementsand influencing factors. This presentation intends to shade light on these questions by reflectingconcepts,approachesandevidencesfromtheGerman-Braziliancooperation.Thisexerciseindicatesthatassessingcooperationeffortsstronglydependsontheunderlyingactor-specificgoals,mindsetsand interests. In this understanding, the most effective cooperation schemes are those wherepowerful actors are involved for achieving their specific interests,while approaches targeting lessprivileged societal groups show a higher probability of failure. Accordingly, cooperation is mostsuccessful if coherent with mainstream development dynamics. This experience in turn hasinfluenced the scope of financing and programs. The alignment of cooperation with economiccapacity and interest may, but not necessarily do, contribute to broader sustainability goals.Organizationspromotingcooperationshouldbeawareofthisambivalenceimpliedintargetingelites,and more consciously deal with the strategic challenge of promoting collaboration with lessprivilegedsocietalgroupsandfinanciallyunappealingtopics.

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Development:amultifacetedconceptwith multipleperspectivesDirkOesselmann1,MarioVasconcellos2,AnnaMariaVasconcellos3,ThomasEppenstein4,

1:EHFreiburg/Germany,[email protected]:UniversidadedaAmazônia,Belém/Brazil,[email protected]:UniversidadedaAmazônia,Belém/Brazil,[email protected]:EHRheinland-Westfalen-Lippe,Bochum/Germany,[email protected]

In the past century, “development“ became one of the main concepts to social changeprocesses. However, development is a multifaceted concept that holdsmultiple perspectives. Infact, development is a term that depends on the individual background of who uses it. Theindividual background is in its turn determined byacademicand contextual factors and also bycultural and ideological visions of each person. Background understanding is not often clearlyrevealed;sometimesevenitisunconsciousnesstotheuser.In an open international dialogue, we intend to start debate on the concept of developmentaccording to each authorbackground,study area and contextual pointofview.“We”areagroupof academics from Brazil and Germany joined by an international exchange programme calledUNIBRAL that is supported by DAAD fromGermanyand CAPES from Brazil. This programmehasshowedusthatwehaveverydifferentaccessestothemeaningofdevelopment.Atthesametime,itisforallofusacentralissueinourreasoning.Ourdialogueaimstomakeusconsciousnessaboutthese meanings and to converge some basic aspects that we could share in our internationaldiscussionsaboutprocessesofsocialchange.Explainingour distrustfulassumption…Developmentdoes not need further explanations in national and international discussions aboutpoliticalandeconomicalgoals. The national statesweredividedby an International DevelopmentStrategyonUN-levelinto“developed”,“developing”and“leastdevelopedcountries”1.AccordingtoUN,thisdivisionwasbasedonanunderstandingofHumanDevelopment:

“Humandevelopment–orthehumandevelopmentapproach-isaboutexpandingtherichnessofhumanlife,ratherthansimplytherichnessoftheeconomyinwhichhumanbeings live. It is an approach that is focused on people and their opportunitiesandchoices.”2

Thisdefinitionwastaken in1990asthebasisforthefirstUNDPReportonHumanDevelopment.Without anydoubt, thiswasa great increasing in internationalcommon senseondevelopment.Nevertheless, there remain a lot of different approaches and meanings of human developmentonce it depends on a series of social and cultural factors. This is the reason for our continueddistrust.

1:http://www.unitar.org/resource/sites/unitar.org.resource/files/document-pdf/GA-2767-XXVI.pdf2:http://hdr.undp.org/en/humandev

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SharingSteinbeisexperienceacrossborders

SandraHaltmayer

Steinbeis GmbH & Co. KG für Technologietransfer, Haus der Wirtschaft, Stuttgart, Germany,[email protected]

A new chapter has been written in the success story of German-Brazilian collaboration in theSteinbeis Network. On August 26, 2014, organizers Diego Nascimento and Professor Dr. NazemNascimentoofSteinbeisConsultingServices-Brazilwelcomedmorethan90participantstothefirstGerman-Brazilianwaterresourcesseminar,heldinthecityofResendenearRiodeJaneiro.Thehostoftheseminar,theAssociationfortheManagementoftheParaibadoSulRiver(AGEVAP),underthe leadershipof itsmanagingdirectorDr.Andre?LuizdePaulaMarques,placedaspotlightonthesharingofinformationandexperiencebetweenGermanyandBrazil,touchingontopicssuchastechnology,systemsandthetargetedmonitoringofactivitiesinthewatermanagementfield.During the event, speakers presented specific examples and processes from the German watermanagement sector, rainwater management methods for flood prevention and safeguarding thelocalenvironment,aswellaswaystosharetechnologybetweenBrazilandGermany.Thiswillserveas an impetus for further seminars and projects as the two countries continue to collaborate onwaterresources.

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