78621748 FEMAP Student Guide

SIEMENS

Femap 101

Student Guide

Version 10 1 1

Siemens PLM Software

Version 10.1.1

femap101-g-v10.1.1 Femap 101 ii Introduction to Femap with NX Nastran Student Guide

Proprietary and restricted rights notice

This software and related documentation are proprietary to Siemens Product

Lifecycle Management Software Inc.

2010 Siemens Product Lifecycle Management Software Inc. All Rights

Reserved.

All trademarks belong to their respective holders.

femap101-g-v10.1.1 Femap 101 iii Introduction to Femap with NX Nastran Student Guide

Femap 101

Training Class Agenda

Day 1

Lesson No Topic Workshop(s)

1 The FEA Modeling Process Using Femap

2 The Femap User Interface Part 1

3 Geometry Creation and Editing

4 Materials and Properties

5 Boundary Conditions Loads and Constraints

Day 2


6 The Femap User Interface Part 2

7 Model Display and Visualization

8 Meshing

9 Analysis Set Manager

10 Postprocessing

femap101-g-v10.1.1 Femap 101 iv Introduction to Femap with NX Nastran Student Guide

Day 3


11 The Meshing Toolbox

12 Midsurfacing

13 Assembly Modeling

14 Finite Element Modeling Debugging

Student Topics

L 1 Th FEA M d li PLesson 1 The FEA Modeling Process Using Femap

Purpose

This lesson provides an overview of general overview of Finite Element Modeling and Analysis and the tools in Femap available to generate FEA models.

Topics

What is Finite Element Analysis?

What comprises a FEA model?

Femap Modeling Process Flow

Femap Model Objects and Commands

femap101-g-v10.1.1 Fermp 101 1 - 1Introduction to Femap with NX Nastran Student Guide

Lesson 1 The FEA Modeling Process Using Femap

A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a mathematical simulation of a physical structure when internal and external forces are applied to it.

It can be used to simulate the following types of physical behavior:

What is Finite Element Analysis?

Structural Thermal Fluid Flow Optical Electromagnetic

Femap can be used to model the first four types of FEA models.

femap101-g-v10.1.1 Femap 101 1 - 2Introduction to Femap with NX Nastran Student Guide


A Finite Element Analysis model is a collection of: Finite Elements - well-defined mathematical models of:

Beams and RodsS f Sh ll l t

What comprises a FEA model?

Surface or Shell elements Solids (Tetrahedral or Hex) Miscellaneous elements such as Springs, Mass, Rigid, and Contact

Material attributes Boundary conditions (loads and constraints)



A FEA model is at best, an approximation of a physical structure.

The accuracy of the results from a FEA model are only as good as the quality of the mesh and the accurate application of material attributes and boundary

diti t d l

Takeaway

conditions to a model.



Femap Objects and Workflow for Generating a FEA Model

Geometry

MaterialsBoundary Conditions Constraints

Properties Loads

Mesh

Analyze

Postprocess



Import Geometry Create Geometry Modify Geometry

File, Import Geometry Geometry commands Geometry, commands

Geometry

yFile, References Geometry, commands

yModify, commands

Direct CAD geometry interfaces Solid Edge, NX (Unigraphics and I-

deas) ProE CATIA anddeas), ProE, CATIA, and SolidWorks.

Industry standard CAD geometry Interfaces Parasolid, ACIS, IGES, STEP, STLFemap geometry creation and editing Points, 2D and 3D curves Surfaces Solid creation and editing

operations Midplane surface extraction and

editingediting



Materials and Properties

Materials Properties

Model, Material commands Model, Property commands

Isotropic 2D and 3D Orthotropic 2D and 3D Anisotropic Elastomers Hyperelastic, Foam,

etc.

Line elements Plane elements Volume elements Other elements

etc. Analysis program specific types

(NX Nastran, MSC Nastran, LS-Dyna, Abaqus, Marc)



Boundary Conditions

Constraints Loads

Model, Constraint commands Model, Load commands

Femap models can contain multiple Constraint Sets and Load Sets

Constraints and Loads can be assigned to geometry or meshes

For loads, the Model Info window allows: Creation, editing, highlighting, and deletion of Load and Constraint sets. Creation, editing, highlighting, and deletion of individual Loads, Load Definitions,

Constraints, and Constraint Definitions. Creation and editing of Body, Nonlinear, Dynamic, and Heat Transfer loads and

settings.



Mesh Control and Multi-element Meshing Single Nodes Single Elements

Femap Model Objects and Commands Meshing

Mesh, Mesh Control,commands

Mesh, Geometry commands

Model, Nodecommand

Model, Element command

Additional mesh creation and editing tools are available through the Meshing Toolbox



Analyze View Results (Postprocess) Report

Femap Model Objects and Commands - Analysis

Model, Analysiscommand

View, Select (F5)View, Options (F6)View, Advanced Post commands

List, Output, commands

Data Table operations


Th FEMAP U I t fLesson 2 The FEMAP User Interface Part 1

Purpose

This lesson provides an overview of the Femap User Interface.

Topics

Femap Main Window Layout Femap Main Window Layout

Graphics Windows

Femap Main Menus

Toolbars and Customizable Menus

View Manipulation Part 1

Dockable Panes Dockable Panes

Model Info Tree

Entity Editor

Status Bar and Tray

Right Mouse Button

E tit S l ti Entity Selection

Setting the Pick or Snap Mode

Locate and Vector Dialog Boxes

Shortcut Keys

Online Help

Units


Lesson 2 The Femap User Interface Part 1

Femap Main Window Layout

Femap Title BarFemap Main Menu

Femap Graphics Window

Named Tabs for Graphics Windows

Tabs for StackedTabs for Stacked dockable panes

Floating dockablepane

FEMAP Status and Tray bar

Current Model Status (FEMAP Menu Help when

in command)

FEMAP Trays

femap101-g-v10.1.1 Femap 101 2- 2Introduction to Femap with NX Nastran Student Guide


Femaps graphics windows have the ability to display: Wireframe, hidden line, or rendered FEA models XY plots of functions and analysis results.

Graphics Windows

Multiple Models can be opened at the same time each with multiple views. A single model with multiple views has the view name displayed in the view tab When multiple models

are open, each view hastheir view tab displayedas Model Name : View Nameas Model Name : View Name



Dynamic Viewing

Views can be dynamically rotated, zoomed, and panned using the mouse.

Through the use of a supported SpaceBall device

Graphics Windows (continued)

True Windows - provide easy transfer from Femap to other Windows programs. Cut and Paste Windows Metafiles JPEG, BITMAP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG picture file formats AVI and Animated GIF animation files



Provides access to most Femap operations through drop-down menus. Menu commands displays short-cut keys (hotkeys) and shows toolbar icons on

menu (includes user-defined shortcut keys and icons, when assigned)

Femap Main Menus



Toolbars Turns toolbars on and off Create and delete user-

defined toolbars

Customize Dialog Box

defined toolbars.

Commands Add regular and user-

defined commands to an existing menu or toolbar.

K b dKeyboard Designate and manage

shortcut keys (hotkey) combinations for specific commands.

User Commands Create and manage user-

defined commands.

Options Set options on the toolbars such as using large icons, showing tooltips (with or

without shortcut keys), and menu animation options (options are selected for ALL toolbars).



Dockable Toolbars Toolbars can be

docked anywhere around the perimeter of the main Femap window.

Toolbars

p When docked, toolbars can be placed

next to one another or stacked on top of one another.

Floating Toolbars Toolbars can be peeled off the perimeter of the main Femap window and made toToolbars can be peeled off the perimeter of the main Femap window and made to

float anywhere within the main Femap window. Floating toolbars can be reshaped.



Three (3) methods to customize or create a new toolbar: Select the Tools, Toolbars, Customize command Right-click in a toolbar pane or outside of any Femap pane

Cli k th C t i i (d i ) d k d fl ti t lb d th

Customizing Toolbars

Click the Customize icon (down-arrow icon) on a docked or floating toolbar and then select Customize from the context-sensitive menu.

Clicking the Down icon in a toolbar allows direct access to that toolbar and has options to disable commands in that toolbar.

Clicking the Down icon in a toolbar allows direct access to that toolbar and has options to disable commands in that toolbar.



Click the New button inside the Toolbars tab, then give the new toolbar a unique name.1. Click the Commands tab and choose a category.2. Drag the desired command or menu onto the blank toolbar 3 Alt i i th i di id l i diti t l l i d th i

Creating Custom Toolbars

3. Alter any icons using the individual icon editing tools explained on the previous page4. Close the Customize dialog box and start using the new user toolbar.



While the Customize Dialog box is open, you can also edit individual icons by placing the cursor over any icon and clicking the right mouse button. This will bring up a menu as follows:

Toolbars Icon Editing Menu



View Rotation, Zooming and Panning

View Orientation Toolbar

Entity Display Toolbar

View Manipulation


View Toolbar



Views can be dynamically manipulated with the mouse by holding a mouse button and keys and dragging the mouse in the Graphics window:

View Rotation, Zooming and Panning

Action No command active While a command is active

Rotate Left or Middle mouse button Middle mouse button

Pan Ctrl+Left or Ctrl+Middlemouse button Ctrl+Middle mouse button

Zoom Shift+Left or Shift+Middlemouse button Shift+Middle mouse button

The mouses Scroll wheel can be used for dynamic zooming.

Femap Preferences can be modified to swap the use of the Ctrl and Shift keys for dynamic viewing

mouse button

dynamic viewing.

Located under the User Interface tab, Mouse Interface options.



The View Orientation toolbar allows you to rapidly reorient a view to one of Femaps standard nine (9) views. This toolbar is not activated as part of the standard Femap GUI layout, you will need

to activate and place it.

View Orientation Toolbar

p

The Isometric, Dimetric, and Trimetric view orientation(s) can be modified using Femaps Preferences.Femap s Preferences. Select the View tab and set the angles for these views under the View and Dynamic

Rotation section.

As an alternative, you can use the View, Rotate, Model command (F8 hotkey) to rotate or orient views. Version 10 added the option to Rotate Around any coordinate system, including

those defined by the user.



The Entity Display toolbar toggles the display of different entity types within a Graphicswindow.


Surfaces

Text

Coordinate Systems

Nodes

Constraints

View Analysis Model Toggle

Regions Elements

View GeometryToggle

View Labels Toggle

Curves Connectors

Loads

Points



Entity Display Control with the

The View Visibility dialog box controls the display of entities in a manner similar to the Entity Display toolbar, but in more detail. Access via the View, Visibility command, the Ctrl+Q hotkey or by clicking the View

Visibility icon on the View toolbar.

y p yView Visibility dialog box

y



The View toolbar allows control of the active view orientation, magnification, view style, and layers.

View Toolbar



The View Style menu controls settings for view type (wireframe, hidden line, etc.), mesh display, element colors, mesh size indicators and other commonly used display settings.

View Toolbar View Style Icon Pulldown Menu



There are seven (7) standard dockable panes Model Info Meshing Toolbox

Dockable Panes

Two other dockable panes are available for customization of Femap:

P FilMeshing Toolbox Entity Editor Entity Info Data Table Data Surface Editor Messages Window

Program File API Programming

Can be turned on and off using the Toolsmenu and the Panes toolbar.

Panes can be resized when docked or floating.



Panes can be shown on the screen in a few different configurations Floating Docked

D k d d St k d ( li k T b t ti t P )

Dockable Panes Display Configurations

Docked and Stacked (click Tab to activate Pane) Docked and Tabbed (Retracted) Place cursor over tab to have pane fly-out and

be used (Docked and Tabbed Panes can also be Stacked)

The Push Pin Icon is used to toggle a dockable pane from simply Docked to Docked and Tabbed.



Docking position indicators are used to position Dockable Panes in specific places in the interface and can also be used to stack the panes. Docking locations appear as arrows.

Dockable Panes - Positioning

Docking position indicators only appear when a dockable pane is being dragged from one position to another. An outline of where the pane will be positioned will appear when the cursor is placed

over a specific Indicator.



Can be turned on and off using the Tools, Other Windows, Messages menu Provides information on commands Femap is performing, and their status. List and error information

Messages Window

U d k i d b d bl li ki th Titl B t t i d k d i bUndock window by double-clicking on the Title Bar, return to previous docked size by double-clicking Title Bar again. Messages window can be resized when docked or floating.

Copy or Save Information from List Highlight and Cut

S t Fil Save to File

Note: When typing in the Messages window, anytime you type a shortcut key, the command assigned to the key will be invoked.




Format contents of the Messages window with the context sensitive pop-up menu (right-mouse click).

Messages Window Other Options



Can be turned on and off using the Tools, Model Info command or with the Panestoolbar.

Provides quick access to top-level entities in Femap through an easy to navigate tree t t

Model Info Tree

structure.

Top-level items found in the treeinclude: Coordinate Systems Geometry Solids and Sheet Solids

OnlyOnly Connections

Properties Regions Connectors

ModelModel Elements Materials Properties Layups Loads and Constraints Functions Data Surfaces

Analyses Analysis Sets Results Output Sets Views Groups Layers Selection List



Context-Sensitive menus available for each item in the Model Tree by highlighting an item then clicking the right mouse button.

Multiple entities can be highlighted at the same time in order to perform operations on all f th titi t

Model Info Tree Addition Features and Selection List

of the entities at once.

Active Entity of each entity type is displayed with Blue text in the tree.

Selection List used when Select Multiple is active in the Select Toolbar. Lists each entity type currently in the selection set Displays the number of entities of each entity type in parenthesesDisplays the number of entities of each entity type in parentheses



Collapse/Expand All Collapses or expands ALL categories in the Model Info tree at once. Can be

used to only show what you need to view specific entities. Reload From Model

Model Info Tree Icons

Reload From Model Reloads the Model Info tree with all current information from the model. Always

collapses the whole tree completely. Reset All Visibility Options

Toggles the display of all entities on Send To Data Table

Sends selected data to the Data Table pane for sorting, filtering, and evaluation. Data Table MUST be open and unlocked for this icon to be used.

Show When Selected pull down Toggle on/off and settings for highlighting

of selected objects. Similar to theof selected objects. Similar to the Window, Show Entities command.

Note: Defaults for Show When Selected can be set in the Show Entities Defaults section found on the User Interface tab of the Preferences dialog box.

Note: Defaults for Show When Selected can be set in the Show Entities Defaults section found on the User Interface tab of the Preferences dialog box.



Model Info Tree

Context-Sensitive menus are available for each item in the Model Tree by highlighting an item then clicking the right mouse button.

Menu is different for each entity type in the tree.

Context Sensitive Menus

Some context sensitive menu commands require that multiple entities be chosen to activate a command. (e.g., MultiSet Animate) Select individual

entities while holdingdown the CTRL key.

Hold down the SHIFT Hold down the SHIFTkey and select a firstentity and a last entityto select a continuouslist of entities.



Turn on and off with the Tools, Entity Editor menu or with the Panes toolbar.

Provides information of specific entities in Femap displayed using different types of fields. The types of fields include:

Entity Editor

Numeric Value - Enables you to enter a numericvalue for a specific field

Text - Text can be typed directly into these fields.Usually in a Title, Text, or Notes field

Drop-down menu button - Button has arrowfacing down. Lists options for that can beselected for a particular field.

Options button - Button has three dots. Bringsup the color palette or a dialog box that is usedto change the information in that specific field.

Read Only - Cannot be changed. Shown inBlue text.



Entities can be sent to the Entity Editor using the following entry methods: Model Info pane

When an entity in the tree is highlighted, it will appear in the Entity Editor (Analyses and entities in the Selection List from the tree will not populate the

Entity Editor (continued)

(Analyses and entities in the Selection List from the tree will not populate the Entity Editor when highlighted)

Select Toolbar When activated, the last chosen

entity will appear in theEntity Editor pane.

D t T bl Data Table pane Once the Data Table has entity

data in it, every time a rowcontaining entity data in the tableis highlighted, it will appear in theEntity Editor.



Entity Editor Icons

Lock/Unlock Toggle - When unlocked, the Entity Editor will always display the entity that was last selected using an entity entry method. When locked, the data in the Entity Editor will remain there until the pane is unlocked.

Copy to Clipboard - Copies the current data in the Entity Editor to the clipboard so it can be pasted into the Messages window or an outside program

Clear All clears the contents of Entity Editor window Does not delete theClear All clears the contents of Entity Editor window. Does not delete the entity.

Categorized - Default listing method of the Entity Editor. For each entity, groups similar parameters, options, and settings together for more efficient use.

Alphabetic - Displays all the fields without any categories in alphabetical order

Collapse/Expand All - Collapses or expands ALL categories in the Entity Editor at Collapse/Expand All - Collapses or expands ALL categories in the Entity Editor at once. Can be used to only show what you need to modify specific entities.

Reload From Model - Reloads the Entity Editor fields with the values that are currently in the model for the chosen entity. Use this to recover the original values for all the fields, except for modifications made with a prior Update Model action.

Update Model - Applies any changes made in the Entity Editor to a chosen entity and saves the changes to the model database



Expand/Collapse toggles Allow you to collapse and expand individual categories and sub-categories inside

the Entity Editor.

Entity Editor Other Options

Entity Editor Help Shows a title and short description of what each field of every entity represents.

Also documents the Nastran Bulk Data entry (if applicable) the field will produce when a Nastran Input File (*.DAT, *.BDF, or *.NAS file usually) is exported.

Context Sensitive Menus Different menus appear when the right

mouse button is clicked depending on what type of field is currently highlighted. For instance, when a Text or Numerical Value field is highlighted, a menu will pop-up

hi h ill ll t U d ( t t l twhich will allow you to Undo (reverts to last saved value while field is still highlighted), Cut, Copy, Paste, Delete, or Select All.

Note: You can use calculator functions (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division), as well as exponentials (i.e. 1.234E4 for 12,340 OR 5.67E-3 for 0.00567) in any real number field.



Can be turned on and off using the Tools, Other Windows, Status Bar command.

Located at bottom of Femap Main Window

Provides running total of nodes and elements in model.

Status Bar and Tray

Displays a short description of commands when in the menu structure of Femap or positioned over icon.

Tray on Right

Provides Access to Current Entities

Displays Active Property, Load Set, Constraint Set, Group, and Output Set

Change Current Entity or create a new one

Right-clicking the Status Bar brings up a customization menu which can be used to toggle individual Tray items on and off



Provides quick and convenient access to common commands.

OK and Cancel for commands and dialog boxes

Previous Command

Right Mouse Button

Previous Command Recalls the last command executed

Modify the Workplane.

Show Tooltips When activated, shows information for a

highlighted entity in a Tooltips window(small yellow window in the main graphicswindow)

Works much like Dynamic Query inprevious versions of FEMAP when thereis entity active in the Select toolbar



Picking Options - Snap To, Pick Query, Pick Any Inside, Pick All Inside See section on setting the snap modeSelect

Thi f ti ll t t l

Right Mouse Button - continued

This menu of options allows you to controlwhich coordinates will be selected when ou use the graphics cursor to pick alocation.



Equations Brings up the Equation Editor in FEMAP

(a field must be highlighted in a dialog box for this option to be available).

Right Mouse Button - continued

p )

Visibility, Post Data, and XY Data Convenient method of changing view

parameters Menu commands for these option

several layers down, right mouse button provided easy access



The Entity Selection dialog box is used by commands to build a list of entity IDs that will be used for the operation. The Add method allows you to graphically, and through Methods, add entity IDs to

the list of IDs.

Entity Selection Dialog Box

The Remove method allows you to graphically remove entity IDs from the list, and is dependant on the order you removed the entities. So if you were to add the entity ID after removing, it would still be included in the list.

The Exclude method allows you to exclude entity IDs permanently from the list (Used primarily with Groups)

The Delete command will delete the entity ID from the list The Delete command will delete the entity ID from the list. Selection methods with the Method button vary depending on the entity type.



The Entity Selection dialog box is used by commands to build a list of entity IDs that will be used for the operation.The Pick button allows you to: Switch between Normal Front and Query picking

Entity Selection Dialog Box - Continued

Switch between Normal, Front, and Query picking Select entities graphically from the screen using a Box, Circle, Polygon, or Freehand

shape Hotkeys are available for the following:

Box press and hold the Shift key Circle press and hold the Ctrl key Polygon press and hold the Ctrl+Shift keys

Select based on Coordinate(s), Around a Point, Around a Vector, or Around a Plane Specify options for selecting Combined Curves and Boundary Surfaces Add additional entities based on entities already selected using Add Connected

Fillets and Add Tangent SurfacesS l t titi t hi th C l l t d f l l tt Select entities matching the Color selected from a color palette.

Select From List button. For objects that have "Titles" the "Select from List" button can be used to choose entities from a list dialog box. Ctrl+L in a dialog box field brings up the list of "Titled" entities.

The Preview button graphically highlights the entities selected.

Note: Clicking the icon in a Femap Entity Selection dialog box takes you directly to the Femap User Guide through on-line help and has a table of all the Selection methods for each entity type.



Using the Filter in the

With Femap v10.1.1, when the Select from List dialog box is used, you can filter the selection list to reduce the number of entries to select from . Enter the filter string and push the Filter icon to reduce the search list to the

those entries that contain the filter string

gSelect from List Dialog Box

g You can enter additional filter strings or push the Clear All Filters

icon to clear your filter and return to the original, unfiltered selection list.



For any Femap operation where a location is used to specify a coordinate, you can set the Pick or Snap Mode to one of four types: Snap to Screen (default)

Setting the Pick or Snap Mode

p ( ) Snap to Grid snaps to the nearest grid

location on the current XY Workplaneregardless whether the workplanes display is toggled on or off.

Snap to Point location snaps to the nearest point on the visible model. Points pdo not need to be displayed.

Snap to Node location snaps to the nearest node on the visible model. Nodes do not need to be displayed.

The snap mode can be specified by either:by e t e Using the standard context-

sensitive menu activated by clicking the right mouse button in the Graphics pane.

Using the Snap Mode pulldown menu on the Select ptoolbar.

The current Snap Mode is always displayed on the Select toolbar.



Whenever a location is required in Femap, the Locate Enter dialog box will appear. Enter coordinates directly (relative to specified Coordinate System) or Click the Methods button to change the method of specifying a location

Locate Dialog Box

See section 4.3.1 Entity Selectionin the Femap User Manual(user.pdf).

N t S tti th M th d i th L tNote: Setting the Method in the Locatedialog box does NOT change the Snap Mode



Whenever a vector is required in Femap, the Vector Locate Select Vector dialog box will appear. Enter coordinates directly (relative to specified Coordinate System) or Click the Methods button to change the definition method of the vector

Vector Locate Dialog Box

Click the Methods button to change the definition method of the vector.

Note: To change the Method of specifying the coordinates of the vector, place the


cursor in one of the coordinate boxes, and press the Ctrl+Z hotkey.


Whenever a Plane is required in Femap, the Plane Locate Specify Plane dialog box will appear. Enter coordinates directly (relative to specified Coordinate System) or Click the Methods button to change the definition method of a plane

Plane Locate Dialog Box

Click the Methods button to change the definition method of a plane.

Note: To change the method of specifying the coordinates of the plane, place the cursor in one of the coordinate boxes and press thecursor in one of the coordinate boxes, and press theCtrl+Z hotkey.



Femap contains preprogrammed shortcut keys for commonly used commands. F5 - View Select, F6 - View Options, F8 - View Rotate, Ctrl+D - View Redraw,

Ctrl+A - View Autoscale Visible, Ctrl+G - View Regenerate, Ctrl+Z - Undo, and Many More. (See Appendix A of User Guide)

Shortcut Keys

y ( pp ) Preprogrammed Keys shown on Menu Structure.

Dialogue Box Keys available when in a command. Ctrl+A - Measure an Angle Ctrl+C - Windows Copy Ctrl+D Measure a Distance Ctrl+D - Measure a Distance Ctrl+Z - Use Standard Coordinate Selection Dialog Box to define location. And Many More (See Appendix A of User Guide)

Customizable Shortcut Keys Use the Tools, Toolbar, Customize command Customized shortcut keys can be saved to a .LAYOUT file and imported into other

installations of FEMAPinstallations of FEMAP. In some cases, importing a .LAYOUT file with customized shortcut keys only into a

new version of FEMAP will recreate some or all of the customized shortcut keys.



Click the customize triangle on any toolbar and select Customize from the menu, then choose the Keyboard tab.

Choose a Category from the drop down list, then highlight the command from the C d li t

Creating Customized Shortcut Keys

Commands list..

Once the command is highlighted, place the cursor in the Press new shortcut key field and key in a new character or keyboard combination.

If the key or keyboard combination has already been defined, FEMAP will bring up a dialog box stating This shortcut is currently assigned. Do you want to re-assign this shortcut?

By clicking the Yes button, the key orBy clicking the Yes button, the key or keyboard combination will be added to the Key assignments: list and replace the previous command assigned to that key.

After you have chosen the correct key or keyboard combination, click the o eyboa d co b at o , c c t eAssign button.




Menu Help - Femap provides description of each command while pointing at it or accessing it on the Status Bar .

Help is context sensitive

On-Line Help

Access a command Click F1 to access HELP Shift + F1 to choose a command with the Whats This? cursor. Help Window will appear with description of the current command.



Full On-Line Help System accessed through the Help Menu. Toolbars Dockable Panes

FEMAP Help Menu

Dockable Panes NX Nastran access the complete NX

Nastran documentation set Whats New Examples Using Help Programming access the API

Programming Guide Basic Language access when the API

Programming window is open Tip of the Day Femap on the Web Femap on the Web Technical Support access FEMAP

Technical Support via the web About access to licensing info and input

of license keys



Femap is unit less and does not track or maintain consistent units

But Femap standard material and beam section property libraries use in-lbs units

Femap Model Units

Solid geometry defaults to inches on desktop, meters in model file database Parasolid (regardless of product) always stores data in meters

Units conversion tool lets user convert units of data in model

User must be aware of current units system being used You can use the File, Notes command to make a notation for future reference and

to add a comment in the analysis file.



Use the Tools, Convert Units command to convert units. Convert all quantities using conversion of basic units Convert specific entities with individual conversion factors

Units Conversion

E.g. convert N-mm units in model to N-m Length: 0.001 m = 1 mm Mass: 1000 kg = 1 tonne Force: 1 N = 1 N Energy: 0.001 Nm = 1 Nmm


G t C ti d EditiLesson 3 Geometry Creation and Editing

Purpose

This lesson provides an overview of the Femaps geometry import, creation and editing tools.

TopicsTopics

Geometry Overview Parasolid Geometry Kernel Geometry Import Solids Overview Geometry Cleanup Wireframe Geometry Creation and Modification Surface Geometry Creation and Editing Solid Geometry and Editing General Geometry Modification Tools Additional Geometry Tools for Meshing


Lesson 3 Geometry Creation and Editing

Femap supports the creation and modification of wireframe, surface, and solid geometry using the Parasolid geometry kernel

Femap reads multiple CAD formats

Geometry Overview

Femap geometry creation and editing Points, 2D and 3D curves Surfaces Solid creation and editing operations

Supports Solid, Sheet and Non-manifold Bodies Midplane surface extraction and editing (to be covered in a separate lesson)



Parasolid geometry is always stored in SI (meters) no matter what unit it is created in.

Parasolid has a box with dimensions of 1000 x 1000 x 1000 with its origin at the center of the box

Parasolids Geometry Kernel

Default Coincident Point Tolerance of 1.0E-8

Parallel Tolerance of 1.0E-11 Radians

Independent of product (Femap, UG NX, Solid Edge, etc.)From the Parasolid documentation: To allow precision to be handled correctly, all parts of a body must be within this

b box

It is highly recommended to set the default unit in your application code to one meter



Scaling of geometry is managed in Femap with the Solid Geometry Scale Factor. Set in Femaps preferences under the Geometry/Model tab e.g - When the models length is in millimeters, a length of 1.0 mm on the desktop

will be stored as 001 meters in the database

Solid Geometry Scale Factor

will be stored as .001 meters in the database Effectively scales the box to +/- 500,000 mm in X, Y, and Z from the origin.

Can also be set in the Solid Model Read Options dialog box for Parasolid and ACIS files and the STEP Read Options dialog box for STEP. When the dialog boxes are opened, the Geometry Scale Factor reflects Femaps

preference.p Geometry Scale Factor for Meters = 1 Geometry Scale Factor for Inches = 39.37 Geometry Scale Factor for Millimeters = 1000

Note: If you change the Geometry Scale Factor to a value other than the value of Femaps preference in one of these dialog boxes, this will update Femaps preference to the value input.



Import geometry with the File, Import, Geometry command. Import Geometry icon can be found on the Main toolbar

Geometry Importing

Direct CAD Interfaces Solid Edge (.par, .psm, .pwd, .asm) NX Unigraphics (.prt) NX I-deas (.idi) Pro/Engineer (.prt, .asm)

C ( ) Catia v4 (.mdl, .exp, .dlv) Catia v5 (.catP*) optional SolidWorks (.sldprt, .sldasm)

Standard CAD Interfaces Parasolid ACIS STEP (AP 203 Solids, AP 214 Surfaces) IGES DXF STL reads .stl files as triangular surface mesh



When solid geometry is imported from a CAD file, a reference to the source file of the geometry imported is created in the Femap model. The reference is based on the time/date stamp of the CAD file(s) imported, including

modification(s) to components in an assembly.

Geometry Updates from CAD

( ) p y

The File, References command is used to view the status of a reference in Femap. If the time/date stamp is modified due to changes in the CAD model, this will be

shown in the Reference Manager dialog box. Femaps default preferences are set to generate references upon import and to

automatically check for reference updates when opening a model.



A Solid body is completed enclosed by surfaces and has no gaps or dangling surfaces. Any Solid body is shown in the Model Info panes Geometry tree with this icon:

Solid Bodies

Note: Running the Tools, Mass Properties, Solid Properties command will show that a Solid body has Volume.



Sheet bodies have one or more contiguous surfaces that do not enclose a volume. For multi-surface Sheet bodies, all surfaces must connect on a common edge with

one other surface as with solid 2 below.

Sheet Bodies



Non Manifold bodies are connected solids that can be a combination of Solid and/or Sheet bodies. Creating Non Manifold bodies from mid-surfaced geometry can also be very useful

for meshing purposes, as surfaces coming together at T-Junctions share a

Non Manifold Bodies

g p p , g gcommon curve.



After importing geometry, it is strongly recommended that you check and fix all solid geometry before attempting to mesh The Solid, Geometry, Cleanup

command checks the validity of

Geometry Checking and Cleanup

yselected solids in your Femapmodel file.

The Meshing Toolbox has the Entity Locator tool to locate curves and surfaces within solids by specifying a search method and size. This will be covered in detail in Lesson 11 The Meshing Toolbox.



Remove Redundant Geometry Cleans curves imprinted on surfaces

and merges surfaces that are part ofthe underlying original surface.

Geometry, Solid, Cleanup Command

y g g

Remove Sliver Surfaces Removes small sliver surfaces

resulting from inaccuracies in solidgeometry operations.

Check GeometryCheck Geometry Checks the validity of the solid.

Will show that an imported solid bodyis in reality a sheet solid if imperfections are detected.

Match Model Scale Factor Use when solids imported are at a different Solid Geometry Scale Factor than theUse when solids imported are at a different Solid Geometry Scale Factor than the

factor set in Femap preferences. Adjusts the selected solid(s) to the factor set in Femap preferences. Must have Check Geometry option enabled.

Advanced cleanup options - See section 3.4.2.22 of the Femap Commands manual. Has options to repair and remove small featuresHas options to repair and remove small features. Surface Heal and Stitch option is similar to Explode and Stitch commands. Can

only be used on one solid at a time.

Note: If you still have problems cleaning geometry for meshing, an alternative technique is to Explode the problem solid, then Stitch it back together.



Workplanes

Wireframe Geometry Defaults

Lines

Wireframe Geometry Creation and Modification Topics

Lines

Arcs

Circles

Splines

Wireframe Geometry Modification

Boundary Surfaces



The Workplane is used to define the local X-Y plane for 2D wireframe and some solid geometry creation commands.

Access via the Tools, Workplane command or the F2 hotkey.

Workplanes

Snap Options control display of the grid spacing, etc. of the workplane

Workplane display can be toggled on and off with the View Style, Workplane icon on the View toolbar

Grid display options in the View Options Tools and View Style dialog box controls color and fill settings for the workplane



Default colors for curves are set in Femaps Preferences dialog box. Color can also be set for a model with the Tools, Parameters command or in the

View Options dialog box.

Wireframe Geometry Defaults

Color, ID, Default Length, Spline Order, etc. are set in the Geometry Parameters dialog box. Press the Parameters button in the Locate - dialog box to access the Geometry

Parameters dialog box



Creation with the Geometry, Curve Linecommands: Locate on the Workplane:

Project Points

Lines

Project Points Horizontal Vertical Perpendicular Parallel MidlineMidline At Angle Angle to Curve Point and Tangent Tangent Rectangle

Locate in 3D space: Continuous Points Coordinates Offset Vectored



Arcs are always placed on the Workplane

Arc creation with theGeometry, Curve Arc commands:

Arcs

Center-Start-End Radius-Start-End two points on the arc

define the start and end of the arc. A positiveradius will create an arc less then 180degrees while a negative radius will generatean arc greater than 180 degrees.

Angle-Start-End two points on the arc define the start and end of the arc; a positive angle will generate the arc from the start to the end in a counterclockwise direction a negative angle will generate the arc clockwise from the start point to the end point..

Chord-Center-Start locate the center, start point for the arc, and a chord length less than twice the radius.

Points locate the start point, a point on the arc, and the end. Center and Points use this to create an arc in 3D space. Specify by four points:

Center, start, end, and a fourth point that defines the direction of the arc. Start-End-Direction specify the start and end points, and the tangent direction for

the start point.



Circles are always placed on the

Workplane

Circle creation with the

Circles

Circle creation with theGeometry, Curve Circle commands: Radius two points define the

center and a point on the circle. Diameter two points on the circle

define the diameter.C t d fi th t d th Center define the center and theradius of the circle.

Two Points locate two points on thecircle and enter the radius.

Point-Tangent locate the centerpoint and a tangent curve.

Concentric create a circle by selecting an existing circle and the new circles radius.

Points on Arc create a circle by three points. Center and Points create a circle by defining the center, starting point on the

circle, and a point defining the positive direction of the circle.



Splines can be generated by Control Pointsor by Points on the spline (the splines controlpoints are automatically generated by

Splines

Femap).

Four (4) point Bezier splines are created whenusing the following commands: Ellipse

P b l Parabola Hyperbola The Equation spline is created by

specifying coefficients of parametric cubic equations.

A Tangent spline is created by specifying the start and end points of a spline and the tangents at those points.

The spline created by the Blend command creates a spline blending two curves. A Blend Factor controls the interior shape.

The Offset spline uses a point projected onto the Workplane to determine the offset location.

Combine a set of contiguous curves into a single curve using the Multiple Curves command. Not to be used with sharp corners.



The Geometry, Boundary Surface command creates planar surfaces made up of a boundary curves. This command is very useful when the wireframe geometry needs to be converted to surfaces and/or solids. Can include multiple holes.

Boundary Surfaces and Sketching

p Boundary Surface(s) are non-Parasolid surface(s) use the Geometry, Surface,

Convert command to convert into a Parasolid surface.

The Geometry, Sketch command creates a Boundary Surface from curves created during the Sketch command sequence. Also accessible from the Solid toolbar once the sketch is completed, you have the

option to extrude or revolve the sketched boundary surface.

The Modify, Edit, Boundary command allows you to add or remove curves from an existing Boundary Surface.



Wireframe geometry can be edited with the following commands: Modify, Trim

Trims the intersection curves These

Wireframe Geometry Editing

Trims the intersection curves. These curves must extend past one another will not extend to the intersection.

Modify, Extend Extend the end point of the selected

curve(s) to a point projected from the point normal to the curvepoint normal to the curve.

Modify, Break Splits the selected curve(s) at a point

projected from the selected point normal to the curve.

Modify, Join Trims and/or extends the selected curves

to their intersection point. Modify, Fillet

Creates a tangent arc between the two selected curves.

Modify, Chamfery, Creates a chamfer between the two

selected curves.

Note: Except for the Break operation, these commands cannot be applied to solid or surface geometry curves


or surface geometry curves.


Edge Curves Creates a surface from 3 or 4 curves.

Aligned Curves

Surface Creation and Non-Manifold Geometry Commands

Lofts a surface through curves.

Sweep Used to sweep multiple-curve cross sections along a curve

Convert Used to convert boundary surfaces and surfaces made with the standard FEMAP

geometry engine into Parasolid surfaces. Only planar boundary surfaces will be converted with the Convert command.

Remove Hole Used to remove interior voids in surfaces. Can also be used to remove holes in solids.

N M if ld AddNonManifold Add Used to combine surfaces which do not enclose a volume and/or contain non-

manifold features (i.e., T-junctions) into a Parasolid General Body May also be used to combine solids and surfaces into a Parasolid General Body

Recover Manifold Geometry Used to break a Parasolid General Body created using the NonManifold Add Used to break a Parasolid General Body created using the NonManifold Add

command into manifold sections.



The Geometry, Curve - From Surface set of commands are used to create curves on surfaces with the following techniques: Intersect select two intersecting surfaces and/or solids. Project project the selected curve(s) normal to the selected surface(s)

Surface Curves

Project project the selected curve(s) normal to the selected surface(s). Project Along Vector - project the selected curve(s) along the specified vector onto

the selected surface(s). Parametric Curve specify a location to generate a curve along a U or V direction

on the selected surface. Slice split the selected surface(s) and/or solids by a plane. Split at Locations generate a parametric curve on a surface by specifying the

start and end locations of the curve.

When the Update Surfaces option is enabled (default for new models), the curves become part of the surface and will split the surface into multiple surfaces (if the curves selected make up a closed loop). Otherwise, the curves generated by this command are simply internal curves of the surface.p y



The Offset Curve/Washer command generates curves offset from the selected curves.

The Washer option is used to generate concentric arcs around the selected arc(s).

Offset Curves is used when the curves to be offset are around non-planar holes or d i l i t i f t

Surface Curves (continued)

around non-circular interior features.

For cases where offsets of non-planar curves are requested, deselect the AutoSelect Surfaces option.

The Save Split Lines option creates connecting lines from the selected arc(s) to the concentric arcs and tags the surface around the arcs to use mapped four corner meshing.



The Pad command generates a square centered at the selected hole.

Pad Width = 2 X Hole Diameter X Pad Size Factor

Pad Size Factor = Pad Width / (2 * Hole Diameter)

Surface Curves (continued)

Setup Mapped Meshing sets the mesh sizes around the four surfaces on the pad area for Four sided Mapped Meshing

Three (3) options for aligning the orientation of the pad:

Auto Align

Vector Align

Tangent Align



Finally, three additional commands exist for creating curves on surfaces: Point to Point select two points on a

surface and a parametric curve is generated.

Surface Curves

p gSimilar to the Split at Locations command, except that the points must exist on the surface. The surface is automatically selected by the first point.

Point to Edge generates a curve on a surface by selecting a existing point on a surface and a curve on the interior or exterior boundary of the surface to project that point onto.

Edge to Edge - project the end points selected curve(s) along the specified vector onto the selected edge on the same surface.

Point to Edge curve Edge to Edge curve

Point to Point curve



Extrude and Revolve 2D profiles

Primitives Block

Solid Geometry Creation

Cylinder Cone Sphere

Stitch

Explode

Editing operations Fillet Chamfer Shell Thicken Remove Face



Boolean operations

Add

Remove

Additional Solid Modeling Creation and Editing Tools

Common

Embed

Intersect

Face imprint and splitting

Slice and Slice Match

Slice along Face

Embed Face



Copy geometry via the following commands: Geometry, Copy Geometry, Radial Copy

G t S l

General Geometry Modification Tools

Geometry, Scale Geometry, Rotate Geometry, Reflect

Move geometry via the following commands: Modify, Project

Projects points onto curves, surfaces, vectors and planes Modify, Move To

Moves a point from its current location to the selected location Modify, Move By Modify, Rotate To

f Modify, Rotate By Modify, Align Modify, Scale

Allows scaling in three directions of the specified coordinate system

Modify a points location with the following command: Modify, Edit, Point

Change color and transparency with: Modify, Color Modify, Transparency

Ch l ithChange layer with: Modify, Layer

Modify the ID of the geometry with: Modify, Renumber



In some cases, you may need to modify geometry for meshing . In addition to the Geometry tools covered in this lesson, there are additional techniques that will be covered in subsequent sections: Midplane Modeling

Additional Geometry Tools for Meshing

p g Feature Suppression Meshing Toolbox

Entity Locator Feature Suppression Feature Removal Combined / Composite Curves Combined / Boundary Surfaces


M t i l d P tiLesson 4 Materials and Properties

Purpose

This lesson provides an overview of creating and editing materials and properties with Femap.

Topics

Types of materials supported

Defining Materials

Other Types of Materials

Modifying Materials

Defining PropertiesDefining Properties

Beam Properties

Composite Laminates


Lesson 4 Materials and Properties

Isotropic Properties are constant in all directions (values entered as a single value).

Orthotropic 2D and 3D

Materials Supported by Femap

Direction dependent. Define in two planer or three principle directions.

Anisotropic 2D and 3D Properties specified as a general 3x3 (2-D) or 6x6 (3-D) elasticity matrix.

Hyperelasticyp Materials subject to large deformations Input distortional and volumetric deformations or stress/strain data.

Other Types material definitions unique to specific solvers Nastran Fluid material (MAT10) NX Nastran Hyperelastic Materials (MATHE, MATG) MSC.Nastran Hyperelastic (MATHE) LS-DYNA, MARC, and ABAQUS/Explicit. User Defined material types for custom program interfaces.



Other Materials are for solver specific materials such as Nastran, NX Nastran, MSC.Nastran, LS-DYNA, MARC, and ABAQUS/Explicit Material types. The other material types specific to NX Nastran are shown in the Define Material dialog box below.

Other Types of Materials



Create new materials with the Model, Material command or use the Model Info window (right-click on the Material object and select New).

Defining Materials

Default material type is Isotropic To select different material model,

choose Type which appears on the top right of every material definition dialog box, and then select a different material type e g Hyperelastictype, e.g., Hyperelastic.

The default material type changes to the last selected type after changing the material type.

Type values directly into the fields provided; or

Access the material library by selecting Access the material library by selecting the Load button



The Function Reference tab in the Define Material dialog box can be used to define Stress/Strain and Temperature dependent material values. Create new Functions without leaving the Define Material dialog box by clicking the

fxy (function) icon button.

Defining Materials with Functions

xy ( )



Use the Modify, Edit Material command: Enter the Material ID you want to edit; or: Select an element with the material you want to edit; or:

Alt ti l li k th S l t f Li t i

Modifying Materials

Alternatively, you can click the Select from List icon; or: Use Method to select a material by Element, etc

In the Model Info pane right-click an individual material to be edited. Right-clicking on the Materials heading in the tree will select ALL materials for

editing.

Note: The Visibility Toggleicon to the left of the material name indicates whether orindicates whether or not objects using that material are displayed in displayed views of the Femap model.



A Property defines the element shape and associated material.

Create new properties with the Model, Property command or in the Model Info pane, right-click on the Property object and select New.

Defining Properties

The default property (element type) is Plate. Other types are selected with Elem/Property Type dialog box. Selecting a different element/property type makes that type the default type.

Properties define additional analysisinformation for each element type,and are controlled by the elementand are controlled by the elementtype.



Property data includes (depending on Element / Property Type) Material selection

Select the Material icon ( ) to create a new material if the material for the new property has not yet been defined.

Define Property Dialog Box

p p y y Property Values

Thickness Area, etc Mass and inertia Radius Stress Recovery Points (Beams)



For Elem/Property Type Bar, Beam, or Curved Beam Enter values directly; or Use the Shape button to enter cross-sectional data

Bar and Beam Properties



Choose either a Standard or NASTRAN (PBEAML) category of Beam.

Choose a standard shape from the Shape drop down list in the Cross Section Definitiondialog box.

Bar and Beam Shape Input

Enter appropriate values for a shape and determine stress recovery points (Arrows can be used to dynamically position Stress Recovery and Reference points).

Choose General Section under Shape to select any planar surface as the cross section of a beam.

Beam properties will be automatically calculated by after clicking OK.



Nodes on beams are located by default at the shear center of the beam.

Offsets can be preset when creating or editing a Beam element. Offset is from the shear center unless the option to Compute Shear Center Offset

i t d ff

Beam Orientation and Offsets

is turned off.

The Mesh, Mesh Control, Attributes on Curve command has options to preset beam Offset and Orientation.

Use the Modify, Update Elements, Line Element Orientation command to change orientation of the selected beam elements.

The Modify, Update Elements, Line Element Offsets command is used to change the ff t f th l t d b l toffset of the selected beam elements.

Can also change the offset by setting the location of the node to the beam Reference Point.



Bar and Beam elements have a local coordinate system for each element. X axis of the beam is along the length of the beam

Pt A is the start of the BeamPt B i th d f th B

Beam Coordinate System

Pt B is the end of the Beam Y and Z axes are determined by the beams property definition. FEMAP prompts

|for an alignmentvector whencreating beaml telements.

This vector isused to specifythe direction ofthe Y-Axisspecified in theBeam PropertyBeam Property.



Femaps View Options (View, Options or the F6 hotkey) has several settings to help in displaying line and planar element attributes.

In addition, the View Style pulldown menu on the View toolbar has shortcuts to toggle li l t di l tti d ff

View Settings for Line and Planar Elements

line element display settings on and off. Offsets toggle display of line (and planar) elements offsets. Orientation toggle display of line (and planar) element orientations. Thickness/Cross Section toggle display of line (and planar) element cross

sections.



Reassign Element Properties and Materials

Line Element settings

Plane Element settings

Modify, Update Elements Commands

Plane Element settings

Element Order



Type assign a different property to the selected element(s). The element(s) must be of the same shape (Line, Plane, etc.)

Formulation modify formulation of elements of the same type.

Modify, Update Elements General Commands

e.g. Change a Nastran Spring element to a Nastran CBUSH element.

Property ID assign a different property ID to element(s) of the same type.

Material ID assign a different material to the selected physical property.



Modify, Update Elements Commands

Line Element Orientation update beam/bar element orientations

Line Element Offsets update beam/bar element offsets

Line Element Reverse Direction reverse element connectivity i e ; Swap A and B

y, pfor Line Elements

Line Element Reverse Direction reverse element connectivity. i.e.; Swap A and B nodes.

Beam/Bar Releases update beam/bar element end releases

Beam Warping update beam warping as defined using NASTRAN SPOINTs

Remove Cross Section removes beam/bar element section shape while retainingRemove Cross Section removes beam/bar element section shape while retaining properties



Modify Update Elements Commands

Reverse Normal/Orient First Edge offers options for setting the normal direction and orientation of 2-D element(s).

Material Angle set or modify the material angle of selected element(s). Used for di ti d d t t i l d l i t

Modify, Update Elements Commandsfor Plane Elements

direction-dependent materials and laminates.

Split Quads splits quad element(s) into triangles

Adjust Plate Thickness/Offset modify the thickness or offset of the selected element(s).



Modify, Update Elements,

Used to modify Element Offsets or Thicknesses of Plane Elements

Modify the Offset distance of the selected plane elements. By default, nodes are located at the midplane (1/2 the thickness) of shell elements.

Modify, Update Elements,Adjust Plate Thickness/Offset Command

Use the Mesh, Mesh Control, Attributes on Surface command to preset the offset.

Constant element offset can also be set in FEMAP 10 and above when meshing surfaces by pressing More Options button and setting the appropriate options in the Offset section.

Ch th Thi k f th l t d l t i l di ti d/ dif iChange the Thickness of the selected elements, including creating and/or modifying variable thickness shells Automatically creates new properties for the variable thickness planar elements.



Linear/Parabolic Order update the Order of the selected element(s) to/from Parabolic. To convert from Parabolic to Linear, select No in the first dialog box presented in

the command.

Modify, Update Elements Miscellaneous Commands

You must manually delete and/or merge any midside nodes for elements converted from Parabolic to Linear.

Midside Nodes moves the midsidenodes on the selected element(s) to the midside of the element. Use after nodes have been moved.

Rigid Thermal Expansion assign a Coefficient of Thermal Expansion () to the selected Rigid Element(s). elements converted from Parabolic elements converted from Parabolic

to Linear.



Layups are a Femap object that designates multiple composite plies Practical limit of 5000 plies per Layup

A Ply has the following attributes:

Composite Layups

y as t e o o g att butes Ply ID (number) Material Thickness Angle Global Ply ID Used to

designate a common ply IDfor use in other layups.e.g. The OML or Outer SkinPly for all layups.



New Ply - Once you have a Material, Thickness, and Angle specified, click this button to add the ply to the layup.

Update buttons - Once a ply has been added to the list, the definition of that ply can be d t d i

Creating and Updating an Individual Ply

updated using: Update Global Ply Update Material Update Thickness Update Angle



Duplicate The selected ply or plies will be copied to the top of the Layup.

Delete

Duplicating and Modifying Ply Sequences

Delete the selected ply or plies from the Layup.

Symmetric The mirrored plies will be added to the top of the Layup in reverse order of

selection.

ReverseR th d f th l t d li b d th i i l iti (i th Reverse the order of the selected plies based on the original position (i.e., the selected ply which was closest to the Bottom of Layup will now be closest to the Top of Layup in the list).

Move Up and Move Down The selected ply or plies will be moved closer to the Top of Layup (Move Up) or

Bottom of Layup (Move Down) in the order selected.Bottom of Layup (Move Down) in the order selected.

Rotate The selected ply or plies are rotated by the angle input in the Rotate Ply By dialog

box. The order of the plies in the Layup is not effected.

Copy and Paste


Copy and paste the selected ply or plies to the top of the current or another Layup.


The Layup Editor dialog box has the Layup Viewer icon that launches the Layup Viewer.

Options to control display of:

Layup Editor Layup Viewer

Thickness Ply Angles Titles Color Scale

The Copy icon pastes picture of the layup to Windows clipboard.



When the Entity Info window is active, the Laminate Equivalent Properties are automatically calculated and displayed when a

Composite Layup Mechanical Properties

Layup is created or edited. These properties are updated continuously along with modifications to the Layup.

When the Entity Info window is not activated, selecting the Compute, g pbutton will display the calculated Laminate Equivalent Properties in the Messages window. These properties are NOT updated until the Compute button is reselected.



Composite Laminate Materials are generally designated as 2D Orthotropicmaterials. A Bond Shear Allowance should be specified for the Laminate element

property. This value represents the bond strength between the bonded laminate

Composite Laminate Materials and Properties

property. This value represents the bond strength between the bonded laminate sheets and is used to calculate a factor of safety against shear failure between laminate panels.

A Failure Theory must also be specified for the Laminate element property.


Lesson 5 Loads and Constraints

Purpose

This lesson provides an overview of Femaps capabilities in managing, creating and editing boundary conditions .

Topics

Constraint Sets and Constraints

Load Sets

Body Loads

Load Categories Structural, Thermal, and Fluid loads

Creating and Editing LoadsCreating and Editing Loads

Structural Load Types

Thermal Load Types

Fluid Load Types

Advanced Femap Loads

Load Set Options for Advanced AnalysesLoad Set Options for Advanced Analyses

femap101-g-v10.1.1 Fermap 101 5 - 1Introduction to Femap with NX Nastran Student Guide


The Model, Constraint, Create/Manage Set command creates a new Constraint Set or activates an existing Constraint Set. This command is also available in the Status Bar Tray and the Model Info tree. You may create as many different Constraint Sets as necessary

Constraint Sets

You may create as many different Constraint Sets as necessary. Combine multiple Constraint Sets with the Model, Constraint, Combine command.



Activating the Model, Constraint, Create/Manage Set command opens the Constraint Set Manager dialog box. The selected constraint set becomes the active set when the Done button is clicked.

Constraint Set Manager Dialog Box

With this dialog box, you can: Create a New Constraint Set. Change the name of an existing constraint set by selecting a constraint set and then

clicking the Update Title button. Renumber the selected constraint set. Delete (the selected) or Delete All constraint set(s) Delete (the selected) or Delete All constraint set(s). Copy the selected constraint set. Create Referenced Sets for Nastran SPCADD/MPCADD constraint sets.

Requires that a combined set already be created and selected.



Selecting the New Constraint Set button in the Constraint Set Manager dialog box activates the New Constraint Set dialog box. When a model has no constraint sets, you can only create a Standard constraint

set. A Standard set is used to contain geometry and nodal constraints.

Creating New Constraint Sets

g y

Clicking the More button will create the constraint set with the ID and Title and will then resets the options in the New Constraint Set dialog box to enable the creation of a new constraint set.

If one or more constraint sets are in a model you can also create a Nastran If one or more constraint sets are in a model, you can also create a Nastran SPCADD/MPCADD Combination constraint set. A combined set references one or more Standard constraint sets. When a Nastran deck is created by Femap, it writes out the Nastran SPCADD

and MPCADD cards as needed.



To reference Standardconstraint sets, select a Nastran SPCADD/MPCADD Combination set the

Nastran SPCADD/MPCADD Combination Constraint Sets

Constraint Set Managerdialog box, or right-click the constraint set in the Model Info pane and select and select Referenced Setsbutton in the dialog box or the context-sensitive menucontext sensitive menu.

The Reference Constraint Set for Nastran SPCADD/MPCADD dialog box will list the Available (standard) Sets and the Referenced Sets.

Manage references by selecting one or more Standard reference sets and click the Add Referenced Sets or Remove Referenced Sets.

Note: Nastran combined sets are not displayed in the graphics window unless the Show Constrained Entities is selected from the context-sensitive menu in the Model Info pane.

Note: Nastran combined sets are not displayed in the graphics window unless the Show Constrained Entities is selected from the context-sensitive menu in the Model Info pane.



Use the Model, Constraint commands, Constraint toolbar, or the Model Info tree.

Creating Constraints



Nodal Constraints - specify six (6) specific degrees of freedom with the Model, Constraint, Nodal command X translation = 1, X rotation = 4 Y translation = 2 Y rotation = 5

Nodal Constraints

Y translation = 2, Y rotation = 5 Z translation = 3, Z rotation = 6 Specify Coordinate System

Constraint Equations relate the motion or displacement of one node to the motion or displacement of one or more other nodes. Often referred to a MPCs



Geometric constraints - applied to geometry and expanded to nodes during export to an analysis file. Model, Constraint, On Point Model Constraint On Curve

Geometry Constraints

Model, Constraint, On Curve Model, Constraint, On Surface Expand Geometric constraints manually by using the Model, Constraint, Expand

command.

Available when constraining a surface.

Available for arcs or cylindrical


Available for arcs or cylindrical surfaces.


Edit Constraints with: Modify, Edit, Constraint

Definition command Modify Edit Constraint

Editing Constraints

Modify, Edit, Constraint Individual command Individual constraints in

a Constraint Definitionmay be edited. If the Constraint Definition is subsequently edited, q y ,the individual edit is overwritten by the value of the Constraint Definition.

You can convert a Constraint Definition to Individual Constraintsby right-clicking a Constraint Definition in the Model Info pane and selecting Remove Definition.

Model Info tree Includes the option to Edit Where Applied add and/or remove entities where

a constraint is applied. (new in v10.1) Entity Editor

Note: Constraints created prior to Femap v9.3 are shown in the Model Info tree as Other Constraints.

This also applies to all FEMAP models created by importing analysis files.

Note: Constraints created prior to Femap v9.3 are shown in the Model Info tree as Other Constraints.

This also applies to all FEMAP models created by importing analysis files.



The Model, Load, Create/Manage Set command creates a new Load Set or activates an existing Load Set. This command is also available in the Status Bar Tray and the Model Info tree. You may create as many different load sets as necessary

Creating Load Sets

You may create as many different load sets as necessary.



Activating the Model, Constraint, Create/Manage Set command opens the Load Set Manager dialog box. The selected constraint set becomes the active set when the Done button is clicked.

Load Set Manager Dialog Box

With this dialog box, you can: Create a New Load Set. Change the name of an existing constraint set by selecting a constraint set and then

clicking the Update Title button. Renumber the selected constraint set. Delete (the selected) or Delete All constraint set(s) Delete (the selected) or Delete All constraint set(s). Copy the selected constraint set. Create and manage Referenced Sets for Nastran Load Combination sets.

Requires that a combined set already be created and selected.



Selecting the New Load Set button in the Constraint Set Manager dialog box activates the New Load Set dialog box. When a model has no constraint sets, you can only create a Standard load set. A

Standard set is used to contain geometry, nodal, elemental and body loads.

Creating New Load Sets

g y, , y

Clicking the More button will create the load set with the ID and Title and will then resets the options in the New Load Set dialog box to enable the creation of a new constraint set.

If one or more load sets are in a model you can also create a Nastran Load If one or more load sets are in a model, you can also create a Nastran Load Combination constraint set. A combined set references one or more Standard constraint sets. When a Nastran deck is created by Femap, it writes out the Nastran LOAD

cards as needed.



To reference Standard constraint sets,

Nastran Load Combination Constraint Sets

,select a Nastran SPCADD/MPCADD Combination set, the Constraint Set Manager dialog box, or right-click the constraint set in the Model Info pane and select and select Referenced Sets button in the dialog box or the context sensitive menucontext-sensitive menu.

The Reference Load Sets for Nastran SPCADD/MPCADD dialog box will list the Available (standard) Sets and the Referenced Sets.( )

Manage references by selec

78621748 FEMAP Student Guide

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