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9

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10

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le]a[0Ao8vodko;af c]t xtg,uozqomuj[ao95w;h.odkocotoedkolvo.oc8j]t[qfoAo

c,jodko;afzqosa’dkolvo g-yj’769twfh;afzqodkoIPo0v’oadIPoma’lk,fhkoG 7;k,I6hF

mafltotmjkmu c]t madlt g-yj’lk,kfgIafwfh3fpdkola’gdfF 8A’7e4k,.shoadIPo8v[

c]tdkod;fzqo’kodkoxt8y[af0v’oadIPoD lj;odko[aombdzqodko;afoAo767;olhk’

8k8t]k’ 3fp,u]kp-nj0v’oadIPo c]t 95fxtlq’dkoIPoI6hmuj8hv’dko;afzqoF 8q;1jk’G

8k8t]k’8yf8k,dko;afzqoF [qfmu #D 9eo;oc8j ! g4y’ ! WWW8k8t]k’8yf8k,dko;afzqoF [qfmu #D 9eo;oc8j ! g4y’ ! WWW8k8t]k’8yf8k,dko;afzqoF [qfmu #D 9eo;oc8j ! g4y’ ! WWW8k8t]k’8yf8k,dko;afzqoF [qfmu #D 9eo;oc8j ! g4y’ ! WWW8k8t]k’8yf8k,dko;afzqoF [qfmu #D 9eo;oc8j ! g4y’ ! WWW

-nj c]t ok,ltd5o lyj’muj8hv’dko;afzqo

7;k,8A’.9 7;k,lk,ad7u.odko

xt8y[afdyf9tdeshv’

7;k,lk,ad7u.odko

gIaf;Pdgxaodj5, vjko 0Po 9af]Po]efa[

!D oD f;’cdh; [5[zk;ao

@D oD cl’gfnvo luwl

#D mD 9aomk [5o7E

$D mD g8a’

&D DDDDDDDDDD

zjko [+zjko X8hv’wfh-j;pgsnv?

9eo;oc8j ! g4y’ ! WWW

ສ.ວ.ສ


11

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu ! ! ! ! ! m;o7no xD@m;o7no xD@m;o7no xD@m;o7no xD@m;o7no xD@

g;]k @ -qj;3,'

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’

.shoadIPolk,kf

{ [vd c]t vjko0Po9eo;owfh

{ 7yfw]j9eo;o c]t .ljg7njv'\kp F wfhD

{ xP[mP[ c]t 9af]Po]efa[ c8js^kp sk|hvp c]t c8j|hvpsk s^kpwfhD

IIDDDDD goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=goNv.o8Qo8=

{ dko[vdF vjkoF 0PoF 7yfw]j9eo;o c]t dko.ljg7njv' \kp F wfh rhv,ma'

xP[mP[ c]t 9af]Po]efa[D

IIIDDDDD l n jdkoIPo{dkolvoln jdkoIPo{dkolvoln jdkoIPo{dkolvoln jdkoIPo{dkolvoln jdkoIPo{dkolvo

{ xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf x #D

IVDDDDD d yf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo

dyf9tdemu !dyf9tdemu !dyf9tdemu !dyf9tdemu !dyf9tdemu !

{ 76 0Po9eo;o8k,0=hmu ! c]t @ .ljdtfko X9eo;o?D

{ 76 .shoadIPovklklt\advvdwx0Po9eo;ogxao8q;g]d c]t 8q;|a'lnz6h]t ! 9eo;oD

{ 76 vtmy[kp c]t lts5[dko0Po9eo;o0v'oadIPo7noD

dyf9tdemu @dyf9tdemu @dyf9tdemu @dyf9tdemu @dyf9tdemu @

{ 76 c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,

{ 76 .shc8j]tdj5,0Po9eo;o.ljglAo9eo;o8k,0=hmu #D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v'c8j]tdj5, dj5,.f[+g0Qk.9 76-j;pcotoe

8nj,D

{ 76 .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,0Bo]kp'koD

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tdeD

dyf9tdemu #dyf9tdemu #dyf9tdemu #dyf9tdemu #dyf9tdemu #

{ 76 cotoeoadIPola'gdf0=hmu $D

{ 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdhg]d 0=hmu $ .ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’

ສ.ວ.ສ


12

{ 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t.sh7tcoo


dyf9tdemu $dyf9tdemu $dyf9tdemu $dyf9tdemu $dyf9tdemu $

{ 76 .shoadIPola'gdfg[yj'0=hmu &D

{ 76 .shoadIPovklklt\advvdwx0Po9eo;o8k,8q;vadlvo mujgxao9eo;ofP;dao16j

dtfko z6h]t ! 9eo;oD

{ 76 lts5[dko0Po0v'oadIPo7noD

7e8v[ G7e8v[ G7e8v[ G7e8v[ G7e8v[ G d - l

0 f p

7 ' 9

dyf9tdemu &dyf9tdemu &dyf9tdemu &dyf9tdemu &dyf9tdemu &

{ 76 cotoe;Pddj5, 3fp.shc8j]tdj5,.-h8q;g]d &F !F $ xtdv[g0Qkdao.shwfh * 9eo;oD

{ 76 9afoadIPogxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,0v'shv'IPoD

{ 76 g]ktg[yj'dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v'c8j]tdj5, dj5,.f[+g0Qk.9 76-j;pcotoe8nj,D

{ 76 .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,0Boltg|uzqo'ko0v'dj5,8qo.sh\6j2a'

{ 76 c]t oadIPo Ij;,daolts5[ dyf9tdeD

dyf9tdemu *dyf9tdemu *dyf9tdemu *dyf9tdemu *dyf9tdemu *

{ 76 .shoadIPola'gdfg[yj'dyf9tde0=hmu ( .oc[[IPo

{ .shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh0=hmu ( .ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'D

{ 76d;fF fafcx' c]t .sh7tcooD


dyf9tdemu (dyf9tdemu (dyf9tdemu (dyf9tdemu (dyf9tdemu (

{ 76 0PoI6[c[[dko0Po 8k,0=hmu ! 0v' II .ljdtfko Xdko7eo;o?

{ 76 .shvklklt\advvdwxdtfko grnjv7yfw]jD

{ 76lts5[dko7yfw]jg]d0v'oadIPo7noD

ສ.ວ.ສ


13

dyf9tdemu )dyf9tdemu )dyf9tdemu )dyf9tdemu )dyf9tdemu )

{ 76 cotoe;Pddj5,8k,0=hmu @ 0v' II

{ 76 9afoadIPogxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,

{ 76 8yf8k,dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v'c8jc]tdj5,F 4hkdj5,.f[+g0Qk.9 76-j;pcotoe

8nj,vudD

{ 8k'|hkdj5,0Bo]kp'ko16jdtfko

{ 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daolts5[ dyf9tdeD

dyf9tdemu _dyf9tdemu _dyf9tdemu _dyf9tdemu _dyf9tdemu _

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPola'gdf0=hmu # 0v' II

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qo 8nj,g7njv'\kp c]t .lj .sh 4nd8hv'z6h]t # [A' .lj

xB,0Po0v'8qogv'D

{ 76d;fF fafcx' c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qo

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[ dyf9tde

dyf9tdemu !Wdyf9tdemu !Wdyf9tdemu !Wdyf9tdemu !Wdyf9tdemu !W

{ 76 0Pog]d0=hmu $ .ljdtfko.shoadIPola'gdfD

{ 76 .shvklklt\advvdwx0Po9eo;o8nj,.lj16jdtfko z6h]t ! 9eo;oD

{ 76 lts5[ c]t vtmy[kp7noD

dyf9tdemu !!dyf9tdemu !!dyf9tdemu !!dyf9tdemu !!dyf9tdemu !!

{ 76 cotoe;Pddj5,8k,0=hmu & 0v' II

{ 76 .shc8j]tdj5,8nj,g]d.lj[jvo9Eg,af8k,0=hmu &D

{ 76 8yf8k,c8j]tdj5,xt8y[af dyf9tdeF 4hkdj5,.f[+g0Qk.9 76-j;pcotoe8nj,D


{ 76 c]t oadIPo Ij;,daolts5[dyf9tde

dyf9tdemu !@dyf9tdemu !@dyf9tdemu !@dyf9tdemu !@dyf9tdemu !@

{ 76 .shoadIPo c8j]t7qocdh0=hmu * 0v' II .ljxB,0Po0v'8qoD

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]t7qo xt8y[afdyf9tde


{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tde

ສ.ວ.ສ


14

T ;Pd[hkoG .shoadIPocdhg]d0=hmu (D

VDDDDD dko;af c]txtg,uozqodko;af c]txtg,uozqodko;af c]txtg,uozqodko;af c]txtg,uozqodko;af c]txtg,uozqo

la'gdf9kd

{ dko[vdF vjko c]t 0Po 9eo;owfh4nd8hv' sn [+L

{ dko7yfw]j c]t .ljg7njv'\kpwfh[+L

{ dkoxP[mP[ c]t dko9af]Po]efa[ c8js^kp sk |hvp c]t c8j|hvp sk s^kp

4nd8hv'[+L

{ dkoxt8y[afdyf9tdedj5,0v'oadIPoF m5d7qo,ulj;oIj;, c]t ,u7;k,lk,ad7ufu sn

[+L

{ dkocdh[qfg/ydsafgxao[5d7qo oadIPo wfhIa[7tcoo8k,7kf\kp|hvpF skpxko.fL

D

ສ.ວ.ສ


15

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu @ @ @ @ @ m;o7no g]0k7toyf c]t dko;afcmdm;o7no g]0k7toyf c]t dko;afcmdm;o7no g]0k7toyf c]t dko;afcmdm;o7no g]0k7toyf c]t dko;afcmdm;o7no g]0k7toyf c]t dko;afcmd

g;]k @ -qj;3,'


grnjvxa[x5'dkoIPo zjko,kdjP;da[G

{ g]0k7toyfG c8h,8k,I6[gfu,F c8h,I6[8k,7elaj'muj.shdjvoD

{ dko;afcmdG ;afcmd];'pk; c]h;7yfw]jS [vd,;olkoF 7yfw]j c]t xP[mP[D


{ dkosp=hI6[F dko0tspkpI6[ c]t dkoc8h,I6[8k,0=h,6oS dko[vd-njI6[g]0k7toyfF

dkoxP[mP[F dko7yfw]jD


{ g9hp8kdk3iF [aomafF ;q';Po c]t xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD#



{ .shoadIPogvqkc[[IPo 7toyflkf xD# [qfmu @ 0=hmu ! .o0=hmu I 0Bo,kla'gdf rhv,vjko

7elaj'c[['P[M r=.z r=]k;D

{ .shoadIPogvqkxB,0Pomuj,u8kdk3i0Bo,kD 4hk[+,uF d=.shoadIPog/yd0uf 8kdk3igv'

3fp76cotoe;ymu0uf.sh 9kdoAoF 76d=cotoe;ymuc8h,7noI6[gxaf38mu ! .sh7ndao c]t

gxaoI6[gxaf38mu @D


{ c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,

{ 76 .shc8j]tdj5,vjko[qfg/ydsaf 0=hmu @ .o0=hmu I 76vtmy[kp cotoe7eg;Qk.oxt3spd

.sh]tvPfD

{ dj5,oadIPo]q',nxt8y[afF 76g]ktwxc8j]tdj5, grnjv.sh7;k,-j;pgsnvD

{ .sh8k'|hkdj5,9ad @{# 7qo 0Boltg|uzqo'ko16jdtfko X8yf.lj?D

{ 76 c]t dj5,vnjoM 8yf8k,d;fcdh[jvozyf.shD


{ .shc8j]t7qogvqkxB,c[[IPo0Bo,kla'gdf0=hmu # .o0=hmu I c]t vjko7elaj''P[MD

ສ.ວ.ສ


16

{ 76 vjko7elaj'.sh2a' c]t vtmy[kp rhv,cotoe;ymuc8h,.shD

{ c8j]t7qoc8h,8k,0=h,6oD

{ 76 gda[gvqkwxd;f.sh7tcooD


{ 76c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,

{ .shc8j]tdj5,gvqkc[[IPo7toyflkf xD# [qfmu @ 0=hmu $ .o0=hmu I 0Bo,kla'gdfI6[

c]t vjko7elaj''P[MD

{ 76 vjko7elaj'.shoadIPo2a' rhv,cotoe;ymuxt8y[afg-ajoG .sghoadIPovjkoxt3spdwx

c8j]t0=h c]h;xP[mP[da[I6[D 4hkgsao;jkxt3spd.f4nddq'da[I6[.sh0ufvhv,gvqkD

{ c8j]tdj5,]q',nxt8y[afF 76 g]ktwxc8j]tdj5, grnjv.sh7;k,-j;pgsnvD

{ .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,ltg|uzqo'ko16jdtfko

{ 76 c]t dj5,vnjod;fcdh-j;pD

T 7e8v[0v'dyf9tde c,jo0=h 0 c]t 0=h 7D


{ .shoadIPoc8j]t7qo gvqkxB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD# 0=hmu & .o0=hmu I 0Bo,kla'gdf

c]t vjko 7elaj'c[['P[MD

{ 76 vjko7elaj'.shoadIPo2a' c]t vtmy[kp

{ .shvklklt\ad0Bo[vd-nj0v'I6[ g]0k7toyfc8j]tI6[ c]t [vd;jkc8j95f.f sk

95f.f c]t ,u9ad8kdk3i.o0hk'0v'I6[D

{ .shoadIPozafxjPodao[vd-njI6[ g]0k7toyfmuj,u c]t rq[.oc8j]t[jvo Xc8j]tlt

4komuj?D

T 7e8v[0v'dyf9tdec,joG

I6[mu !GI6[mu !GI6[mu !GI6[mu !GI6[mu !G

T ,uI6[ # c9 -bj'rNo,u !W 8kdk3i c]tl6' $ 8kdk3i

T ,uI6[ $ c9lkd muj,u];'pk; ) 8kdk3i c]t ];'d;hk' ( 8kdk3iD

T ,uI6[9t85]afmuj,u0hk'gmqjk ! 8kdk3iD

I6[mu @GI6[mu @GI6[mu @GI6[mu @GI6[mu @G

T ,uI6[;q',qo ! I6[D

ສ.ວ.ສ


17

T ,uI6[ # c9 muj,urNo * 8kdk3i c]t l6' @ 8kdk3i

T ,uI6[ # c9 muj,urNo * 8kdk3i c]t l6' ( 8kdk3i

T ,uI6[ # c9 muj,urNo * 8kdk3i c]t l6' # 8kdk3i

T ,uI6[ # c9 $ I6[ muj,urNo ! 8kdk3i c]t l6' @ 8kdk3iD

T ,uI6[9t85]af @ I6[ muj,u0hk' @ 8kdk3iD


{ .shoadIPogvqkc[[IPo7toyflkf xD# 0=hmu ! .o0=hmu II c]t vjko7elaj'c[['P[MD

{ 76 vjko7elaj' c]t .sh7evtmy[kp8+oadIPoma'\qfD

{ oadIPoc8j]t7qo.-hw,h[aomafcmd7;k,pk;0v'c8j]tglAo0uf.sh]tvPf

{ 76 cotoedkovjko0uf\kp0v'[aomaf X7n.shg[yj'8A'lkd da[0uf0v'[aomafF [+.shg[yj'

[jP'da[0uf grkt9tvjkozyfwx?

{ .shvklklt\ad8v[7e4k,0v'0=h d XdjP;da[];'pk;?

{ 76 c]t oadIPo7qovnjo.sh7e8eoy;jk 4nd sn zyfD


{ c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

{ .shc8j]tdj5,la'gdf0=h @ .o0=hmu II rhv,da[vjko'P[M r=.z r=]k;D

{ 76 vjko7elaj'.shoadIPo2a' c]t vtmy[kp.shg0Qk.9-vd];'pk;rhv,D

{ c8j]tdj5,]q',nxt8y[afF 76g]ktwxc8j]tdj5, grnjv.sh7;k,-j;pgsnv g,njv,u[aoskD

{ .shc8j]tdj5, zafxjPodaoltg|uzqo'ko0v'dj5,8qo.ljdtfkoD

{ dj5,vnjoM c]t 76-j;pd;fcdh 4hkgsao;jk ,u[jvozyfD

T 7e8v[0v'[qfg/ydsafG !* -,S @W -,S !@ -,S @# -,D


{ .shoadIPoc8j]t7qola'gdf0=h #F 0=h d .o0=hmu II c]t vjko'P[M r=.z r=]k;D

{ 76vjko.sh2a' rhv,vtmy[kpI6[c8j]tI6[.shoadIPog0Qk.97;k,\kpD

{ oadIPo[vdoE|ad fh;pdko0Povvd.ljxB,0Po sn g9hpglfdjvoD 76g]ktg[yj'7;k,

4nd8hv' c]t dP,-j;pgsnvD

{ .shvklklt\ad0Bo8v[oE|ad0v'c8j]tI6[D

{ 76 c]t 7qovnjo 8yf8k,d;fcdh-j;pD

ສ.ວ.ສ


18

T 7e8v[0v'[qf G $& dd S !W dd S @# dd S #W ddD


{ c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5, 8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

{ .shc8j]tdj5,la'gdf0=h #F 0=h 0 .o0=hmu II rhv,vjko0=h,6o'P[MD

{ 76 vjko0=h,6o.shm5ddj5,2a' c]t vtmy[kp ;ymu]q',nxt8y[afD

{ c8j]tdj5,]q',nxt8y[af.ljg9hpdjvoF 76g]ktwxc8j]tdj5, grnjv-j;pgsnvD

{ .sh8k'|hkdj5,0Boltg|uzqo'ko16jdtfkoD

{ dj5,vnjo c]t 76 d;fcdh.shD

T 7e8v[ G !D ma' @ 7qo ];,dao|ad && ddD

@D mhk; [5omao |ad]njo ok' lufk & ddD


la'gdf9kd

{ dko0ufglAo c8h,8kdk3i0v'oadIPo c]t dkoc8h,I6[7no{dko0tspkpI6[

;jkgIafwfhfu[+L

{ dko8v[7e4k,;jk wfhfu sn [=L

{ [qfd;fdk X;Pd[5d7qo? ;jk7tcoowfhfu[=L

{ dko;afcmd];'pk; c]t dkovjko0uf\kp0v'[aomaf;jk gxaoco;.fL dko

xP[mP[ gfL

{ dko[vd # I6[ g]0k7toyf;jk4nd8hv'[=L

{ dko7yfw]j 3fp.-hg7njv'\kp4ndda[9eo;o 7eg;Qk.o[qfg]d[=L

ສ.ວ.ສ


19

[qfmu #[qfmu #[qfmu #[qfmu #[qfmu # 9eo;oc8j ! g4y' ! WWW9eo;oc8j ! g4y' ! WWW9eo;oc8j ! g4y' ! WWW9eo;oc8j ! g4y' ! WWW9eo;oc8j ! g4y' ! WWW

g;]k $ -qj;3,’

IDDDDD 95fxtlq'95fxtlq'95fxtlq'95fxtlq'95fxtlq'

{ .shoadIPolk,kfvjkoF 0Po c8j ! g4y' ! WWW c]t [vd7jk8q;g]d.oc8j]tsadwfhD


{ dkooa[F vjkoF 0Po c]t 9af]Po]efa[9eo;o c8j|hvp sk s^kpF c8js^kp sk

|hvp .o9eo;oc8j ! g4y' ! WWWD


{ w,hfY;S ]6d7yfS xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD#



{ 76 pqdw,hfY;0Bo ! fY; .shoadIPog[yj' c]h;4k,oadIPo;jk ,u9adfY; X8v[wf ! fY;?D

{ 76 0Pog]d ! c]t 0Po8q;|a'ln |bj' .ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj'D

{ 76 vtmy[kpdkooa[F dko0Po9eo;ogxao8q;g]d c]t gxao8q;|a'ln.shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

{ 76 0Po0=h ! 0v'dyf9tde.ljdtfkofaj'oU G

! DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD !W

|bj' DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD ly[

!W DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDDDD !WW

ly[ DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDD DDDDDDDDD |bj'Ihvp

DDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDD ! WWW

DDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDD |bj'rao

{ .shoadIPola'gdfI6[16jxB,c[[IPo c]h; vklklt\advvd,k0Po8nj,.lj[jvo9E

g,af16jdtfkoz6h]t ! c4;D

{ 76 c]t oadIPoz6hvnjo8yf8k,g[yj'dko0Po0v'vklklt\adc8j]t7qoF 4hk0Po[+4nd

76d=xjPo.shz6hvnjovvd,k0PocmoD

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tde.ljdtfko

ສ.ວ.ສ


20


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko0=h @ 0v' dyf9tde.oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,0v'shv'IPo

{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]tdj5,cdh0=h @ .ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv' 3fpdko0Po9eo;ogxao8q;

g]d c]t gxao8q;|a' ln.lj[jvo9Eg,af.o8k8t]k'D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;pcotoe

8nj,D

{ .sh8k'|hkdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh\6j2a'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,dao8yf8k,dkoltg|u0v'8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,D



{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk; .ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tde

{ 76d;fF fafcx' c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD



{ 76 ltcf'9eo;o @!&S $#@ c]t *@! .shoadIPog[yj'wxgmnjv]t9eo;o c]h;0Po

c8j]t9eo;o.ljdtfkow;hrhv,D

{ 9kdoAo 764k,oadIPo;jkG .olk,9eo;ooU c,jo9eo;o.fs^kpd;jk\6jL 9eo;o.f

|hvpd;jk\6jL

{ .shoadIPovklklt\advvd,kxP[mP[9eo;ofaj'djk;3fpdko0Po.ljdtfko.sh

\6jg[yj'

{ 76 vtmy[kp;ymuxP[mP[9eo;o 3fp.-hg7njv'\kp < ; > .shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo la'gdf0=hmu # c]t 0=hmu $ 0v' dyf9tdeD

{ 76 0Po.ljdtfkofaj'oUG

0=h # DDDDDDDDDD < DDDDDDDDDD < DDDDDDDDDD

ສ.ວ.ສ


21

0=h $

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPog[yj'I6[]6d7yf0=hmu # 0v'dyf9tde c]h;vklklt\advvd,k0Po

9eo;o.lj[jvo9Eg,af z6h]t ! 9eo;oD

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k8nj,9eo;o.lj[jvo9Eg,af.o0=hmu $ z6h]t !

9eo;oD

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'dko0Po0v'vklklt\adc8j]t7qoD

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[ dyf9tdeD


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdf 8k8t]k'16j[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu #D

{ c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,0v'shv'D

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]tdj5, cdh[qfg/ydsaf 0=h # .ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qoD

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;pcotoe

8nj,D

{ .sh8k'|hkdj5, gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh\6j2a'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'dkoltg|u0v'8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,D

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[ dyf9tde c]t -q,g-updj5,mujgIafwfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu & .oxB,c[[IPo rhv,la'gdfg[yj'

c8j]t9eo;o.o0=hoAo8nj,D

{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk;.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD

{ 76d;fF fafcx' c]t .sh7tcoo c8j]t7qoD


100 110 .....

.....

140..........170

ສ.ວ.ສ


22


{ 76 0Po9eo;o !!&S !!WS !@!S !#W .ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj'D

{ 76 vtmy[kp;ymu9af]Po 9eo;ofaj'djk; c8j|hvp sk s^kp c]t c8js^kp sk |hvp

.shoadIPo2a' rhv,0Po.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj'faj'oU G

T c8j|hvp sk s^kp !!WS !!&S !@!S !#W

T c8js^kp sk |hvp !#WS !@!S !!&S !!W

{ 76 djkp0=hmu & 0v'dyf9tde .ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj' c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v'0=hoAo

.shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

{ 76 .shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k9af]Po9eo;o c8j|hvp sk s^kp c]t c8js^kp

sk |hvp.ljdtfko z6h]t ! 9eo;oD

{ 76 c]t oadIPoz6hvnjo rhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts5[ dyf9tde.ljdtfko .shoadIPog[yj'D


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdfg[yj' glAo9eo;o.o0=hmu * 0v'

dyf9tdeD

{ 76 vtmy[kpdkoc[j'glAo9eo;o9kd &WW g4y' ! WWW .shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

{ 76 c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5, 8k,7;k,g\ktlq,0v'shv'D

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]tdj5, cdh0=hfaj'djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv'D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5, xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;p

cotoe8nj,D



{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[ dyf9tde.ljdtfko c]t -q,g-updj5,mujgIafwfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu $ c]t la'gdfg[yj'c8j]t9eo;o.o0=hoAo

.sh7adcoj8nj,D

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPocdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk;.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv' 3fpdko9af]Po

9eo;o c8j|hvp sk s^kp c]t c8js^kp sk|hvpD

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]t7qo xt8y[afdyf9tdeD

ສ.ວ.ສ


23


{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[ dyf9tde.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj'D


{ 76 vtmy[kpdko0PoF dkovjko c]t dko9af]Po9eo;o.shoadIPo2a'8nj,vudgmnjv|bj'D

{ 76 0Po.ljdtfko c]h;cotoe.shoadIPodjkpgvqk.ljxB,0Po grnjvgxao[qfIPofaj'oU G

T dko0PoF dkovjko9eo;o &#@

0Pogxao8q;g]dc,joG &#@

0Pogxao8q;|a'ln X7evjko? c,joG shkIhvplk,ly[lv'

0Po.oI6[c[[dt9kpG &WWT#WT@

{ dko9af]Po]efa[9eo;o

324 < 413

324 |hvpd;jk 413

413 s^kpd;jk 324

462 < 516 < 723

462 |hvpd;jk 516 |hvpd;jk 723

723 s^kpd;jk 516 s^kpd;jk 462

{ 76 8yf8k,g[yj'dkodjkp[qfIPo0v'oadIPoc8j]t7qoD


V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

la'gdf9kdGla'gdf9kdGla'gdf9kdGla'gdf9kdGla'gdf9kdG

{ dkovjkoF 0Po9eo;oc8j ! g4y' ! WWW c]t [vd7jk8q;g]d.oc8j]ts^ad0v'

oadIPowfh sn [=L

{ dkoxt8y[afc8j]tdyf9tde oadIPo,u7;k,lqo.98+[qfIPo sn [+L ,u7;k,lk,ad7u.o

dkoxt8y[af dyf9tdedj5, sn [+D

{ 7tcoomujoadIPoc8j]t7qowfhIa[ wfh7kf\kp |hvps^kpxko.fL

8q;g]d & 16jsadIhvp,u7jkgmqjk &WW XshkIhvp?

8q;g]d # 16jsadly[,u7jkgmqjk #W Xlk,ly[?

8q;g]d @ 16jsad|j;p,u7jkgmqjk #W Xlk,ly[?

sq;Ihvp sq;ly[ sq;|j;p

5 3 2

ສ.ວ.ສ


24

[qfmu $[qfmu $[qfmu $[qfmu $[qfmu $ dko9af\;fgrnjvoa[dko9af\;fgrnjvoa[dko9af\;fgrnjvoa[dko9af\;fgrnjvoa[dko9af\;fgrnjvoa[

g;]k $ -qj;3,’


{ .shoadIPolk,kf 9af;afltf5lyj'0v'gxao\;fdjvo grnjvltf;d.odkooa[D


{ dko-vdsk9eo;omuj0kfskpwx 0v'dko[;dF dko[;dg]dmu ,uskp9eo;o c]t

dko9afgxao\;f]t !WF !WWS ! WWWS grnjvoa[D


{ g9hp8kdk3]F dhvosuoF 4q'.ljdhvosuo xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD# [qfmu $D



{ 76 [vd.shoadIPo\qfm5d7qovjko la'gdfdyf9tde0=hmu ! c]h; 764k, G

T gryjo.shgIafspa'L Xgryjo.sh0Po9eo;o8nj,.lj[jvo9Eg,af?F 9kdoAo764k,G &

[;dspa' 9bj'gmqjk !WL X[;d & 9bj' gmqjk !W?

T 764k,meov'oAo 9qo7q[m5dM[A'.shoadIPo]5d0Bo 8v[gxao[5d7qoD

T z6h.f8v[4nd 76d+phv'p=D

faj'7e8v[ G

5 + 5 = 10 ; 18 + 2 = 20 ; 25 + 25 = 5065 + 35 = 100 ; 200 + 800 = 1 000 ; 350 + 650 = 1 000

500 + 500 = 1 000 ; 400 + 600 = 1 000 ; 820 + 180 = 1 000


{ 76 .shoadIPo\qfm5d7qola'gdfdyf9tde0=h @ 3fp.shla'gdf8kdt3i 9kd !W 8kohvpM

,k];,daogxao ! ly[ X!W?F 9kd ! ly[F !W vao dkpgxao ! Ihvp X!WW?S 9kd ! Ihvp

ly[vaodkpgxao ! rao X! WWW?D


{ 76 .shoadIPo\qfm5d7qovjko dyf9tde0=hmu # rhv,la'gdf8q;1jk'F .shvklklt\ad

vvd,k0Po8nj,.lj[jvo9Eg,af16jdtfko.spjfaj'oUG 600 + 60 + 5 = 665.

ສ.ວ.ສ


25


{ 76 .shoadIPo\qfm5d7qovjkodyf9tde0=hmu $ rhv,la'gdf8q;1jk'

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qo 7yfw]j.ljxB,0v'8qogv'D

{ 76 rkoadIPo\qfshv' d;fcdh c]t lts5[faj'7e8v[ G

600 + 8 + 20 + 200 + 20 = 600 + 200 + 20 + 20 + 8 = 848

7 + 50 + 3 + 20 + 500 = 500 + 50 + 20 + 7 + 3 = 580

1 000 + 60 + 2 000 + 40= 1 000 + 2 000 + 60 + 40 = 3 100

300 + 9 + 200 + 3 000 = 3 000 + 300 + 200 + 9 = 3 509


{ .shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko dyf9tde0=hmu & 9kdoAo 764k, G gryjo.shgIafspa'L

Xgryjo.sh[;dg]d c]h;gfuo8k,mk'd=9trq[mk'vvd.ol;olaf16jI6[]j5,oU?D

T 9kdoAo 76c[j'dj5,oadIPo8k,7;k,g\ktlq,.shc8j]tdj5, -j;pdao[;dg]d

c]t 0uf]6dlvo 3fpgvqkl=0uf7jvpM 8k,xB,.oI6[ c]h;[;d9qo\qfwxIvf

mk'vvdD

T 9kdoAo .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,vvd,kltg|uzqo'ko0v'8qogv'l6j\6j.oshv'D

T 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daolts5[G dko[;d c]t dko9afgxao\;fdjvo 9bj'oa[

,ao9tltf;d.odkooa[D

7e8v[ G 200 100 300 400 500 600 650

620 730 900 1 000.

{ 76djkp.97;k,.ljdtfko c]h;cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo9qfdjkp.ljxB,0Po0v'

8qogv'D


{ .shoadIPovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! \qfm5d7qo 9kdoAo 764k,G gryjo8hv'dko.shgIaf

spa'L -vdsk9eo;o8kdk3i0v'g9hpc8j]tczjo,ugmqjk.fL

ສ.ວ.ສ


26

T 76 c[j'dj5,oadIPo8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

T .shc8j]tdj5,-vdsk9eo;o8kdk3i0v'g9hpc8j]tlj;ofaj'7e8v[]j5,oU G

T czjomu ! c[[ muj,u !W 8k,u * c[[ ,uma'\qf G *W 8kD

T czjomu @ c[[ muj,u !W 8k,u !& c[[ ,uma'\qf G !&W 8kD

T czjomu # c[[ muj,u !WW 8k,u ( c[[ ,uma'\qf G (WW 8kD

T czjomu $ c[[ muj,u !WW 8k,u #W c[[ ,uma'\qf G # WWW 8kD

T czjomu & c[[ muj,u !WWW 8k,u ! c[[ ,uma'\qf G ! WWW 8kD

{ .sh8k'|hkdj5,ltg|uzqo'ko0v'dj5,8qogIafF 4hkdj5,.fgIaf4nd8hv'faj'7e8v[ 76phv'

p=-q,g-upD



{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf 0=hmu @ c]t 0=hmu # .o xB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qqocdh[qfg/ydsaf 0=hmu @ c]t # .ljxB,0v'8qogv'D

{ 76 g]ktg[yj'c8j]t7qo xt8y[afdyf9tdeD


7e8v[0=hmu @7e8v[0=hmu @7e8v[0=hmu @7e8v[0=hmu @7e8v[0=hmu @

7e8v[0=hmu #7e8v[0=hmu #7e8v[0=hmu #7e8v[0=hmu #7e8v[0=hmu #

100+20+400+60 = (100 + 400) + (20+60)= 580

200+200+20+300 = (200 + 300 +200) + 20=720

15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75,8523, 43, 63, 83, 103, 123, 143, 16342, 142, 242, 342, 442, 542, 642, 742135, 235, 335, 435, 535, 635, 735, 835.

ສ.ວ.ສ


27


{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu $

{ 76 .shc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaf 0=hmu $ .ljxB,0v'8qogv'D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsafD

{ 76d;fF fafcx'.sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[

7e8v[ G7e8v[ G7e8v[ G7e8v[ G7e8v[ G


{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qo vjko[qfg/ydsaf 0=hmu & 9kdoAo 764k,G 16j.o39foU gryjo8hv'dko

.shgIafspa'L X.sh-vdsk9eo;og'yo0v']5'7efu mujmhvowfh?D

{ 76 .shg;]koadIPoc8j]t7qo 7yfw]j.ljg9hp0v'.z 0v']k; 9kdoAo .shoadIPovklk

lt\advvd,k7yfw]j.ljdtfko.spj.sh\6j.oshv'8yf8k,D

{ 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;ffaj'oU X&WV!W?TX@WV!W? (WW du[D


{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu * 1jk']tvPfD

{ 9kdoAo 764k,gryjo8hv'dko.shgIafspa'L Xgryjo8hv'dko.sh-vdskw0jma'\qf,u9ad

|j;pL?

{ 76.shoadIPo7yf c]t 7yfw]jfh;p8qogv'.ljg9hpdjvoD

{ 9kdoAo .shvklklt\advvdwxltcf';ymu7yfw]j.ljdtfkofaj'oUG @WV#W *WW |j;pD

300 + 20 + 200 + 50 + 30 = 600

300 + 300 + 50 + 200 = ( 300 + 300 + 200) + 50 = 850

60 + 40 = 100 ; 30 + 70 = 100 ; 50 + 50 = 100

200 + 800 = 1 000 ; 300 + 700 = 1 000 ; 400 + 600 = 1 000

ສ.ວ.ສ


28


{ 76 .shoadIPola'gdf[qfg/ydsaf 0=hmu (

{ 76 .shoadIPocdh[qfg/ydsaf 0=hmu ( .ljxB,8qogv'D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'oadIPoc8j]t7qo xt8y[afdyf9tde

{ 76d;fF fafcx' c]t .sh 7tcoo c8j]t7qoD

VDDDDD dko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

la'gdf9kd G

{ dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v'oadIPoc8j]tdyf9tdeF c8jdyf9tdemu ! Ivfdyf9tde

mu !!D

{ dkogIaf;Pdgxaodj5,0v'oadIPoD

{ dkolts5[.97;k,0v'oadIPoD

{ 7tcoomujoadIPowfhIa[ wfh7kf\kp|hvps^kpxko.fL

+ 100 200 300 400 500100 200 300 400 500 600200 300 400 500 600 700300 400 500 600 700 800400 500 600 700 800 900500 600 700 800 900 1 000

ສ.ວ.ສ


29

[qfmu & 9eo;o.o-u;yfxt9e;ao[qfmu & 9eo;o.o-u;yfxt9e;ao[qfmu & 9eo;o.o-u;yfxt9e;ao[qfmu & 9eo;o.o-u;yfxt9e;ao[qfmu & 9eo;o.o-u;yfxt9e;ao

g;]k $ -qj;3,’


{ .shoadIPolk,kf[vd0=h,6odjP;da[lyj'8jk'M mujgsao.oxhkpF I6[rk[ c]t 8k8t

]k'oAowfh1jk'4nd8hv'D


{ .o-u;yfxt9e;ao gIqk8hv'I6h9adla'gdfF xP[mP[F I6h7jk;afcmdF I6h]k7klyj'0v' c]t

vnjoM grnjvoegvqklyj'gsqjkoAo,k\6o.-hg0Qk.odkofe]q'-u;yfxt9e;aoD


{ xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD#F czomujxtgmf]k;F xhkp]qfF xhkpglNvoadIPo DDD



{ 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo[vdvkp5 c]t ];'l6'0v'8qogv' X&{!W 7qo?

768A'7e4k,768A'7e4k,768A'7e4k,768A'7e4k,768A'7e4k,

T oadIPovkp5gmqjkdaoF 7;k,l6'd=gmqjkdao\qfm5d7qo[=L

{ .shoadIPola'gdf0=h,6o.o 0=h d c]h; 4k,oadIPoD

T mhk;cdh; vkp59adxu ]k;l6'gmqjk.fL

X76 8A'7e4k,wx9qo7q[ & 7qo .o0=h d?D

T c,jo.zl6'd;jk\6jL

T c,jo.z8jed;jk\6jL

{ 76 .shoadIPola'gdfxhkp.o0=h 0D

{ 76 8A'7e4k,g9kt9U,

T xhkpmu ! ,u7;k,\kpltcf'.shI6hspa'L

X764k,wx9qo7q[ & xhkp .o0=h 0?

{ 76 lts5[ c]t vtmy[kp7noma'0=h d c]t 0

ສ.ວ.ສ


30


{ 76.shoadIPo la'gdfczomuj.o0=h 7D

{ 768A'7e4k,

T .oczomuj gryjo[vdg4y'spa'cfjL X-njc0;'8jk'M 0v'xtgmf]k;F w]ptmk'

c8jc0;'|bj' sk vudc0;'|bj'?

{ 76 cotoe;Pddj5,F 3fp.shc8j]tdj5,[vd-njc0;' c]t w]ptmk'8k,0=h 7D

{ 76 9afoadIPogxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

{ 768yf8k,c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkdj5,.f[+g0Qk.9 76-j;pcotoe8nj,vudD




{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qola'gdf0=h 'D

{ .shoadIPo0Po[vd0=h,6o.o0=h ' c,jog;Qkg4y'spa' c]h;0Po.ljxB,0Po8qoD


{ 76 lts5[ c]t vtmy[kp7no

{ 76 djkp.97;k,.ljdtfko c]h;cotoe.shoadIPo9qfdjkpgvqkD


{ 76 .shoadIPola'gdf[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu !

{ 76 8A'7e4k,g9kt9U,

{ .o[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu !F oadIPogsaospa'cfjL

{ 764k,8k,0=hmu !F .shoadIPo8v[9qo7q[m5d0=h

{ 76 .shoadIPovjkoF ;aoF gfnvoF xugduf0v'ma' $ 7qo.o0=h @D

{ 76 .shoadIPo7yfw]jg[yj'z6hmujvkp5|hvpd;jk\6j c]t s^kpd;jk\6jL

{ 76 lts5[dko8v[0v'oadIPo.o0=hmu ! c]t @ rhv,ma'vtmy[kp8nj,D



{ 76 .shc8j]tdj5,cdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu # .ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv'D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v'c8j]tdj5,F 4hkdj5,.f[+g0Qk.9 76-j;p

cotoe8nj,D

ສ.ວ.ສ


31




{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qola'gdf[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu $

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu $ .ljxB,0Po0v'8qo




la'gdf9kdG

{ dko[vd0=h,6o djP;da[lyj'8jk'M mujgsao.oxhkpF I6[rk[ c]t 8k8k]k'wfh4nd8hv'

sn [=L

{ dkoIj;,dyf9tdegxaodj5,0v'oadIPoF oadIPo,u7;k,lqo.9 c]t ,uxaopkdkf

fulje.fL

{ dkocdh[qfg/ydsaf0v'oadIPo wfh7tcoo8k,7kf\kpmuj;k'w;h|hvps^kplje.fL

ສ.ວ.ສ


32

[qfmu * 9eo;oc8j ! WWW g4y' !W WWW[qfmu * 9eo;oc8j ! WWW g4y' !W WWW[qfmu * 9eo;oc8j ! WWW g4y' !W WWW[qfmu * 9eo;oc8j ! WWW g4y' !W WWW[qfmu * 9eo;oc8j ! WWW g4y' !W WWW

g;]k @ -qj;3,’


.shoadIPolk,kf vjkoF 0Po c]t [vd7jk0v'8q;g]d.oc8j]tsadwfhD


vjko c]t 0Po9eo;oc8j ! WWW g4y' !W WWW gxao8q;g]d c]t gxao8q;|a'lnF

dko0Po9eo;o .oI6[c[[dt9kp0v'dko[;dD


{ [af9eo;ogxao8q;g]d c]t gxao8q;|a'lnF ]6d7yfF xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD#



{ 76pqd[af9eo;omujgxao8q;g]d c]t gxao8q;|a'ln0Bo.shoadIPog[yj' c]h;[vd.shoadIPo

vjko9eo;o.o[qfoAo rhv,dao\qfm5d7qovjkoxt,ko &{!W [afD

{ 760Po9eo;ogxao8q;g]d.ljdtfkofaj'oUG ! &$@S @ $&WS $ *@) c]h;0Po9eo;o

faj'djk;gxao8q;|a'ln.shoadIPog[yj'g-ajoG ! &@W |bj'raoshkIhvp-k;S @ $&W

lv'raolujIhvpshkly[S $ *@) lujraosqdIhvp-k;cxfF rhv,vtmy[kpdko0Po9eo;o

faj'djk;.shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

{ 76 ltcf'9eo;o # @!@ .lj]6d7yf.shoadIPog[yj' c]h;.shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k

0Po9eo;ogxao8q;g]d c]t gxao8q;|a'ln.ljdtfko.sh\6jg[yj'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,dao8yf8k,F 4hkgsao;jk0Po[+4nd d=xjPo.shz6hvnjovvd,k0Po

X9qowfh7e8v[muj4nd8hv'?

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,dao8yf8k,F 4hkgsao;jk0Po[+4ndd=xjPo.shz6hvnjovvd,k0Po

X9qowfh7e8v[muj4nd8hv'?



{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qola'gdfI6[ c]t dko0Po9eo;o16j.o0=h ! 0v'dyf9tdeD

{ 76 vtmy[kp8q;1jk'16j.o0=h ! oAo .shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

ສ.ວ.ສ


33


{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]tdj5,cdh0=h ! .ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qo X[+c8h,I6[?

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;pcot

oe8nj,D


{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'dkoltg|u0v'8k'|hkdj5,D

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[ dyf9tde.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj' c]t -q,g-updj5,mujgIaf

wfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo vjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk;.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'D



{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tde.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj'


{ 76 0Po9eo;o.oI6[c[[dt9kp0v'dko[;d .ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj'faj'oUG

) $#& ) WWWT$WW #WT& c]h;vtmy[kp;ymu0Po.shIPo2a'8nj,D

{ 760Po9eo;o & $@#S $ &*( .ljdtfko c]h;.shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k0Po

9eo;ofaj'djk; gxaoI6[c[[dt9kp0v'dko[;d 9eo;o]t ! 7qoD

{ 76 c]t oadIPo7qovnjo rhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj' c]t .sh7ecotoewxrhv,D

{ 760Po9eo;orhv,c8h,8k8t]k'0=h @ 0v'dyf9tde.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj'D

{ .shoadIPozafxjPodao vklklt\advvd,k0Po9eo;ofaj'djk;.lj 8k8t]k'muj760Po

w;hoAoz6h]t|bj'9eo;oD

{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'dko0Po0v'vklklt\adc8j]t7qoD

{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts5[dyf9tde


{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdf9eo;o16j[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @ c]t #

.oxB,c[[IPoD

{ c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,0v'shv'IPoD

ສ.ວ.ສ


34

{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]tdj5, cdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv' c8j]tdj5,cdh

rP'|bj'0=hgmqjkoAo X76gxaoz6hdeoqf.sh?

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;pcot

oe8nj,D

{ .sh8k'|hkdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh\6j2a'

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'dkoltg|u0v'8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,


{ 76 cotoe.shhc8j]t7qo djkpgvqk.97;k,.o[qfoU .ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'D


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdf9eo;o16j[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu $ .oxB,

c[[IPoD

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk;.ljxB,0Po0v'8qoD


{ 76d;fF fafcx' c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoF

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[ dyf9tde.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj'D


la'gdf9kd G

{ dkovjkoF 0Po c]t [vd7jk0v'8q;g]d.oc8j]tsad oadIPogIafwfh sn [+L

{ dkoxt8y[afdyf9tdedj5,oadIPo,u7;k,shk;sao.odko7Qo7;hkF ,u7;k,lk,ad7udao

sn [+L


ສ.ວ.ສ


35

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu ( dkoc]dxjPo ( dkoc]dxjPo ( dkoc]dxjPo ( dkoc]dxjPo ( dkoc]dxjPo

g;]k @ -qj;3,'

IDDDDD 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’

.shoadIPolk,kf vjko c]t 0Po9eo;o.shdq'da[[afc]dxjPo c]t sad]6d7yfwfhD


0Po9eo;o.shdq'da[[afc]dxjPoF [;dg]d 3fpoe.-h]6d7yf c]t cdh39f[aosk

3fpoe.-hdkoc]dxjPoD


[afc]dxjPoF ]6d7yfF xB,c[[IPo 7toyflkf xD#D



{ 76 pqd[afc]dxjPo s S [ S 2 S 0 0Bogmnjv]t[af.shoadIPog[yj' rhv,vtmy[kpsad

dkoc]d xjPo !W vaoc]dgvqk ! vao .shoadIPo2a'faj'oU G !W s^ c]dwfh ! [ S

!W [ c]dwfh ! 2 S !W 2 c]dwfh ! 0 D

{ 760Po[afc]dxjPo.ljdtfkofaj'oU G

S S

DDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDD

{ 76 .shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k0Po9eo;ogxao8q;g]d.lj[jvo9Eg,af 16jdtfkogmnjv

]t7qoD

{ 76 c]t oadIPoz6hvnjoM rhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'F 4hkoadIPo0Po[+4nd 76d=xjPo.shz6hvnjovvd,k

0PocmoD

{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts5[dyf9tdeD


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdf 0=h ! 0v' dyf9tde.oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 vjko c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v'0=hfaj'djk;.shoadIPo2a'8nj,vudgmnjv|bj'D

{ 76 c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,0v'shv'D

{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]tdj5,cdh0=hfaj'djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv'D

0 2 [ [ s 0 0 2 [ s 2 2 [ sສ.ວ

.ສ


36

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5, xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;pcot

oe8nj,D

{ 76 .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|uD

{ 76 c]t oadIPoz6hvnjoM rhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tde c]t -q,g-updj5,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdf[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 .shoadIPocdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hfaj'djk; .ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'D





{ 76 ltcf']6d7yf.shoadIPo\qfm5d7qo.oshv'g[yj'D

{ 76 lkmyf;ymu[;d $#&T#@! 3fp.-h]6d7yf.shoadIPog[yj'D

{ 76 .shvklklt\advvd,k[;dg]d 3fpoe.-h]6d7yf16j|hk38t76.sh\6jg[yj'xt,ko #{&

7qo Xc8j]t7qo.sh[;d9eo;o8jk'dao?D

{ 76 8yf8k,g[yj'dko[;d3fpoe.-h]6d7yf0v'oadIPoc8j]t7qo c]t .sh7ecotoe

wxrhv,D



{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdf0=hmu # 0v'dyf9tde.oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 vtmy[kp;ymu8v[dyf9tde0=hfaj'djk;.shoadIPo2a'8nj,vudD


{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]tdj5,cdhdyf9tdefaj'djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv' dj5,]t & [A'

8k,muj76deoqf.sh X.shoadIPo.-h]6d7yf grnjv7yfw]j?D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;pcot

oe8nj,D

{ 76 .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|u fh;pdko.-h]6d7yf

grnjv7yfw]j.sh\6jg[yj'D

ສ.ວ.ສ


37


{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[ dyf9tde c]t -q,g-updj5,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdfg[yj'[qfg/ydsaf 0=hmu @ .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaf 0=hfaj'djk;.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv' 3fpdkoc8h,

]6d7yf.lj.shdq'da[9eo;omuj0Pow;hoAo X4hk]6d7yf.fzyf?D

{ 76 g]ktg[yj'c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD




{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPovjko c]t la'gdfg[yj'[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu # .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 oe.-h]6d7yfgrnjv[;dg]d0=h.f|bj'16j.o0=h # oAo .shoadIPog[yj'gxaoc[[1jk'D

{ 760Po[A'g]dma'\qf0v'[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu # .ljdtfkoD

{ 76 .shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k[;d g]d 16jdtfko 3fpoe.-h]6d7yf16j|hk38t76

.sh\6jg[yj'gmnjv]t7qo X7qo]t[A'?D

{ 76 c]t oadIPoz6hvnjoM rhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'F 4hkoadIPo[+g0Qk.9767;o.sh7ecotoewx

rhv,D

{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts5[dyf9tde c]t 0Po.ljdtfkoD

{ 76 djkp.97;k,.ljdtfko c]h;cotoe.shoadIPo9qfdjkpgvqkfaj'oUG

T dkoc]dxjPoc,jodkodeoqfgvqklyj'.f lyj'|bj' gxao,kf4ko grnjvoe.-hgxaosad

dkog0Qk.odkoc]dxjPoD

8q;1jk' ! G sâddko0v']6d7yf8q;1jk' ! G sâddko0v']6d7yf8q;1jk' ! G sâddko0v']6d7yf8q;1jk' ! G sâddko0v']6d7yf8q;1jk' ! G sâddko0v']6d7yf

{ 7jk0v']6d7yfc8j]tsad

]6d7yf ! |j;p 16jsadsq;|j;p ,u7jkgmqjkda[ !

]6d7yf ! |j;p 16jsadsq;ly[ ,u7jkgmqjkda[ !W

]6d7yf ! |j;p 16jsadsq;Ihvp ,u7jkgmqjkda[ !WW

]6d7yf ! |j;p 16jsadsq;rao ,u7jkgmqjkda[ !WWW

8q;1jk' @ G8q;1jk' @ G8q;1jk' @ G8q;1jk' @ G8q;1jk' @ G [aflu $ lu g-ajo[aflu $ lu g-ajo[aflu $ lu g-ajo[aflu $ lu g-ajo[aflu $ lu g-ajo

!W s^ ! [ S !W [ ! 2 S !W 2 ! 0

sad

sq;

rao

sad

sq;

Ihvp

sad

sq;

ly[

sad

sq;

|j;p

ສ.ວ.ສ


38


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdfg[yj'[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu $ .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPooe.-h]6d7yf sn [;dg]dc8j]t[A'.o[qfg/ydsaf0=hfaj'djk;D


{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]tdj5,cdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hfaj'djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv'D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5, xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;pcot

oe8nj,D


{ 76 c]t oadIPoz6hvnjoM rhv,dao8yf8k,D



{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qo vjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu & X39f? .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 vjko c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v'[qfg/ydsaaf0=hfaj'djk;.shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

{ 76 .shc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsafoAo.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'D





la'gdf9kdG

{ dkovjkoF c]t dko0Po9eo;o.shdq'da[[afc]dxjPo c]t sad]6d7yf0v'oadIPowfh

sn [+L

{ dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde oadIPo,u7;k,lqo.98+[qfIPo sn [+L ,u7;k,lk,ad7u.odko

xt8y[afdyf9tdedj5, sn [+L

{ 7tcoomujoadIPoc8j]t7qowfhIa[wfh7kf\kp|hvpF s^kp lje.fL

ສ.ວ.ສ


39

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu ) ) ) ) ) dko[;ddko[;ddko[;ddko[;ddko[;d

g;]k @ -qj;3,'


.shoadIPolk,kf[vd7;k,\kp0v'dko[;dF oe.-hdko[;dg0Qk.odkocdh39f

[aosk c]t cdhg]d[;dwfhD


cdh39f[aosk 3fpoe.-hdko[;d c]t dko7yfw]jg]d[;d


w,hc,afF xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD#



{ 76ltcf’w,hc,af.shoadIPog[yj'rhv,vtmy[kpdkooe.-h.shoadIPo2a' c]h;lkmyfdko

cmd0v[dtfko .shoadIPog[yj'8nj,vudD

{ 76 .shoadIPo ! 7qo vklklt\advvd,kg8Ao # [kf8+dao16j8+|hkdtfkoD

{ 76\kp7;k,pk;0v'dkog8Aoc8j]t[kf0v'oadIPow;hD

{ .shoadIPovklklt\ad,kcmd7;k,pk;0v'dkog8Aoc8j]t[kf rhv,da[g;Qk

l6j\6j2a'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[7;k,pk;ma'\qf0v'dkog8Aoma' # [kf c]h;0Po

gxaodko[;d.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj'D

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko0=hmu ! 0v'dyf9tdeF 9kdoAo 76vjko rhv,vtmy[kpgoNv.o

0=hmu ! oAo .shoadIPo2a'vudgmnjv|bj'D

{ 76 0Po[A'g]dgrnjv-vdskw]ptmk'mujoaddy]kz6hoAoc]joma' # ,N.ljdtfkofaj'oU

! $&W T ! )WW T @ @WW DDD

{ .shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k7yfw]j16jdtfko.sh\6jg[yj'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts65[ dyf9tde.ljdtfko cotoe.shoadIPo9qfdjkpgvqk

ສ.ວ.ສ


40


{ 76 cotoe.soadIPoc8j]t7qovjko0=h @ 0v'dyf9tde.oxB,c[[IPoD


{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]tdj5,cdh0=h @ .ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv' X[+c8h,I6[? 3fpdko

la'gdfI6[16jxB,c[[IPo c]h;0Po7tcoo0v'c8j]t7qo.ljg9hp[aombdD

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;p

cotoe8nj,D



{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tde.ljdtfko c]t -q,g-updj5,mujgIafwfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76cotoe.shc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk; .ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv' 3fpdko];,

8q;g]d8k,c4; c]t 4ao.o8k8t]k'D



{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daaolts65[dyf9tde.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj'D


{ 76 0Po[A'g]d.ljdtfkofaj'oUG @& T ) DDDDD S $_ T # DDDDD S &@ T !) DDDDD S

($ T @# DDDDD S )* T !& DDDDD S

{ 76 vtmy[kpdko[;d9eo;omuj,u @ s^adda[9eo;omuj,us^adfP; c]t dko[;d

9eo;omuj,u @ sad da[9eo;omuj,u @ sad .shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

{ 76 .shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k7yfw]jg]d muj760Pow;h16jdtfkoz6h]t ! [A'D


{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts65[dyf9tde rhv,0Po.97;k,.ljdtfko c]h;cotoe.sh

oadIPo9qfdjkpgvqkfaj'oU G dko[;dc,jodkogvqk,k3I,g0QkdaoF gvqk,k8nj,.ljdao sn

gvqk,kgruj,.ljdaoF g;]kgIafg]d[;d gIqk.-hg7njv'\kp XT?D


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdf8k8t]k'16j[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @

ສ.ວ.ສ


41

.oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 vtmy[kp;ymu8nj,8q;g]d.lj8k8t]k'.shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

{ 76 c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,0v'shv'

{ .shc8j]tdj5,cdh[qfg/ydsaf0=h @ .ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv' 3fpdko8nj,8q;g]dmujg\kt

lq,.lj8k8t]k'muj;jk' grnjv.shzqo[;d8k,c4;F 8k,4aoF 8k,glAogoaj'9v,

,u9eo;ogmqjkdaoD

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5, xt8y[afdyf9tde 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;pcot

oe8nj,D


{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'dkooeltg|u0v'8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,D

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[ dyf9tde.ljdtfko.shoadIPo9qfdjkpgvqk c]t -q,

g-updj5, mujgIafwfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qola'gdf0=hmu # 0v'dyf9tde.oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh0=hfaj'djk;.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,c8j]t7qo xt8y[afdyf9tde




la'gdf9kd

{ dko[vd7;k,\kp0v'dko[;dF oe.-hdko[;dg0Qk.odkocdh39f[aosk c]t

cdhg]d[;d0v'oadIPowfh sn [+L

{ dkoxt8y[afc8j]tdyf9tde oadIPo,u7;k,lqo.98+[qfIPo|hvps^kpxko.fL

{ 7tcoomujoadIPoc8j]t7qowfhIa[ wfh7kf\kp|hvps^kpxko.fL

ສ.ວ.ສ


42

[qfmu _[qfmu _[qfmu _[qfmu _[qfmu _ g8adoyddko[;dg8adoyddko[;dg8adoyddko[;dg8adoyddko[;dg8adoyddko[;d

g;]k @ -qj;3,'


.shoadIPolk,kf oe.-hg8adoyddko[;d grnjv[;dg]dmuj[+,u9nj c]t ,u9nj 8k,mk'8A'

c]t mk'ovowfhD


dko[;dg]dmuj[+,u9nj c]t ,u9njF dko-vdsk9eo;omuj0kfskpwx0v'dko[;d c]t

dkocdh39f[aosk 3fpoe.-hdko[;dD


xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf x #



{ 76 vjko0=hmu ! 0v'dyf9tde.shoadIPo2a'\qfm5d7qo.oshv'xt,ko !{@ gmnjv 9kdoAo

760ufglAo9eo;orhv,0Po.ljdtfkofaj'oU G

( c,af T DDDDD c,af T DDDDD c,af DDDDD c,af

{ 76 vtmy[kp ;ymultcf'8q;g]d.ljglAo9eo;o c]t 0Po8nj,.lj[jvo9Eg,af.shoadIPo

2a'8nj,vudD

{ 76 .shoadIPozafxjPodaovklklt\advvd,k0ufglAo9jv' grnjv[vd];'pk;0v'Ijv'muj

c8j]t7qo05fwfhoAo .ljdtfko.sh\6jg[yj'D

{ 76 .shvklklt\ad|bj'7qo,k0Po8nj,.lj[jvo9Eg,af.sh\6jg[yj'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPoz6hvnjo rhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj' 4hkgsaooadIPogIaf[+wfh 76d=xjPo.shz6hvnjo

vvd,k0PocmoD


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

mhk; 7efu

ສ.ວ.ສ


43


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdf0=h @ 0v'dyf9tde.oxB,c[[IPoD


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]tdj5,cdh0=hfaj'djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qoD


cotoe8nj,D

{ .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5, gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhjv,oeltg|uD

{ 76 c]t oadIPoz6hvnjo rhv,dao8yf8k,D

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts65[dyf9tde rhv,-q,g-updj5,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv'fuD

cotoe7e8v[cotoe7e8v[cotoe7e8v[cotoe7e8v[cotoe7e8v[

gIqk9twfh7e8v[ G 7;kpovo


{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! .ljg9Ap[aombd0v’d5j,8qogv’ z6h]t

# [A' X8k,76deoqf.sh?D

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tde




{ 760Po0=hmu # 0v'dyf9tde.ljdtfko rhv,vtmy[kpg8adoyddko[;d.o0=hoAo .shoadIPo

2a'8nj, Xvtmy[kp8k,8q;1jk'?

{ 76.shoadIPozafxjPodaovklklt\advvd,kcdhg]dc8j]t[A'.o0=hoAo 16jdtfko Xcdh

30 + 28 = 58 ;

740 ;

;41 ;

k48 ;

p58 ;

o60 ;

v76 ;

o91

p25 + 23 = 48 ;

k20 + 21 = 41 ;

;50 + 41 = 91 ;

o

44 + 20 = 64 ;o

20 + 20 = 40 ;7

40 + 36 = 76 ;v

ສ.ວ.ສ


44

z6h]t[A'?

{ 76 c]t oadIPoz6hvnjorhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tde.ljdtfkoF .shoadIPo9qfdjkp.ljxB,0Po0v'

8qogv'D


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPo c8j]t7qola'gdf[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @ c]t 0=hmu # .oxB,c[[IPoD


{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]tdj5,cdh[qfg/ydsafdj5,]t|bj'0=h.ljg9hp[aombd X8k,76deoqf.sh?D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5, xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;p cot

oe8nj,D

{ 76 .shc8j]tdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|uD




{ 76 djkp.97;k,0v'[qffaj'djk;.ljdtfko c]h;vjko.shoadIPo2a'D

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qodjkpgvqk.97;k,.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'D

{ 76 vjko.97;k, rhv,vtmy[kpgoNv.ofaj'djk; c]h;lts5[.97;k,.shoadIPo2a'8nj,D


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko0=h $ 0v'dyf9tde.oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 0Po[qfg]d 0=h $ 0v' dyf9tdema'\qf & [A' .ljdtfkoD

{ 76 .shoadIPovklklt\ad zafxjPodaovvdcdh[qfg]dfaj'djk;z6h]t ! [A'D


{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts65[ dyf9tdeF .shoadIPo9qfdjkpgvqkD


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo vjko[qfg/ydsaf 0=hmu $ .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,0v'shv'D

{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]tdj5, cdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv'D


cotoe8nj,D

ສ.ວ.ສ


45

{ .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5, gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|u


{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tdeF -q,g-updj5,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]t7qo vjko[qfg/ydsaf0=h & c]t 0=h * .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk;z6h]t|bj'0=h X8k,76deoqf.sh? .ljxB,0Po

0v'8qogv'D

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD




la'gdf9kdG

{ dko[;dg]dmuj[+,u9nj c]t ,u9njc[[mk'8A' c]t mk'ovooadIPo[;dwfh4nd8hv'8k,

saddko Xg8adoyd? sn [+L ,u7;k,lk,ad7udao.odkoxt8y[afdyf9tdedj5, sn [+L

{ 7tcoomujoadIPo c8j]t7qowfhIa[wfh7kf\kps^kp|hvplje.fL

ສ.ວ.ສ


46

[qfmu !W[qfmu !W[qfmu !W[qfmu !W[qfmu !W dko0Po9eo;o.oI6[c[[dt9kpdko0Po9eo;o.oI6[c[[dt9kpdko0Po9eo;o.oI6[c[[dt9kpdko0Po9eo;o.oI6[c[[dt9kpdko0Po9eo;o.oI6[c[[dt9kp

0v'dko[;d0v'dko[;d0v'dko[;d0v'dko[;d0v'dko[;d

g;]k $ -qj;3,'


.shoadIPolk,kf vjkoF 0PoF 9eo;o.oI6[c[[dt9kp 0v'dko[;dwfhD


{ 0Po9eo;o8jk'M .oI6[c[[dt9kp0v'dko[;dF c8h,]6d7yf8k,9eo;omujdeoqf

.sh c]t 0Po9eo;o.lj8k8t]k'.sh4nd8k,c8j]tsadD


{ w,hfY;F ]6d7yfF xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD#



{ 76 pqdw,hfY;0Bo #& fY; X# ,af da[ & fY;? c]h; 4k,oadIPo;jkG w,hfY;0v'76,uma'\qf

9adfY;L X8v[ #& fY;?D

{ 760Po9eo;o #& .ljdtfkoF 9kdoAo 76vtmy[kp djP;da[dko0Po9eo;o #& .oI6[

c[[dt9kp0v'dko[;d .shoadIPo2a' c]h;0Po.shoadIPog[yj'faj'oUG

#& #W T &

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qo la'gdf0=h ! 0v'dyf9tde.oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 .shoadIPozafxjPodao vklklt\advvd,k0Poz6h]t ! 9eo;o.o0=h ! 0v'dyf9tde

16jdtfko.sh\6jg[yj'D




{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdfg[yj'[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,0v'shv'IPoD

{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]tdj5,cdh[qfg/ydsaf faj'djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv' dj5,]t

# [A' X76deoqf.sh?D

ສ.ວ.ສ


47

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5,xt8y[af dyf9tde rhv,vtmy[kp8nj,D

{ .sh8k'|hk0v'c8j]tdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|uD

{ 76 c]t z6hvnjo rhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'D



{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdfI6[.o0=h @ 0v' dyf9tdeD

{ 76 vtmy[kp goNv.o c]t ;ymuxt8y[af dyf9tdefaj'djk;.shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdefaj'djk;.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'





{ 76djkp0=h # 0v'dyf9tde.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj'D

{ 76 vtmy[kp;ymu0Po9eo;o !$ &*# .lj8k8t]k'.shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

{ 76.shoadIPozafxjPodaovklklt\advvd,k0Po8nj,.lj8k8t]k'16jdtfkoz6h]t|bj'

9eo;oD


{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tde c]h;760Po.97;k,.ljdtfko.shoadIPo

9qfdjkp gvqkfaj'oUG

T dko0Po9eo;o.oI6[c[[dt9kp0v'dko[;d c,jo G dkocpd9eo;o.f |bj'

8k,7jkxt9esadc8js^kpsk|hvpD

8q;1jk'G 59 264 50 000 + 9 000 + 200 + 60 + 4


{ 76 cot oe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdfI6[]6d7yf16j[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @ .oxB,

c[[IPoD


{ 76 cot oe.shc8j]tdj5,cdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk; .ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qoD

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v'c8j]tdj5, rhv,.sh7ecotoewxrhv,D

{ .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh\6j2a'D

ສ.ວ.ສ


48

{ 76 c]t oadIPoz6hvnjorhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'

{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts5[dyf9tde rhv,-q,g-updj5,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76 cotoe.shgc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdf[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu # .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk;.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'D





la'gdf9kdG

{ dkovjkoF 0Po9eo;o.oI6[c[[dt9kp0v'dko[;d0v'oadIPowfh4nd8hv' sn [+L

{ dkoxt8y[afc8j]tdyf9tdeF oadIPo,u7;k,lqo.98+[qfIPo c]t ,u7;k,lk,ad7udao

.odkoxt8y[afdyf9tdedj5,|hvps^kpxko.fL

{ 7tcoomujoadIPowfhIa[ wfh8k,7kf\kp |hvps^kpxko.fL

ສ.ວ.ສ


49

[qfmu !![qfmu !![qfmu !![qfmu !![qfmu !! mtot[af Xg'yo?mtot[af Xg'yo?mtot[af Xg'yo?mtot[af Xg'yo?mtot[af Xg'yo?

g;]k @ -qj;3,'


.shoadIPolk,kf [vd7jk0v'mtot[afc8j]t.[F lk,kfc]dxjPo sn gvqkwx.-hwfhD


dkooa[F vjkoF c]dxjPoF ];,mtot[afF 9afxtgrfF 9ecodF [aombd]kpIa[]kp9jkpD


{ g'yo9y'F [afg'yoF

{ xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD#D

IV D dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvoD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvoD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvoD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvoD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo


{ 76 gvqkg'yoxtgrf.[ !WW du[ mP[.lj[afg'yo.shoadIPola'gdfF 76gIafmeov'oU 3fp

.-h.[

g'yo.[ !WW du[ = [afg'yo !WW du[

g'yo.[ &WW du[ = [afg'yo &WW du[

g'yo.[ ! WWW du[ = [afg'yo ! WWW du[

g'yo.[ @ WWW du[ = [afg'yo @ WWW du[

g'yo.[ & WWW du[ = [afg'yo & WWW du[

g'yo.[ !W WWW du[ = [afg'yo !W WWW du[

g'yo.[ @W WWW du[ = [afg'yo @W WWW du[

g'yo.[ &W WWW du[ = [afg'yo &W WWW du[

{ 76 djkp8k8t]k'.odyf9tdemu ! .ljdtfko

{ 9kdoAo 76.shoadIPovjkodyf9tde0=hmu ! c]h;0Po9eo;o .ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'

c]h;.shz6hlt\adwx0Po9eo;og'yo8nj,.lj[jvo9Eg,af mujdtfko.sh0Pogmnjv]t9eo;oD

{ 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;f c]t lts5[dyf9tde faj'7e8v[G

ສ.ວ.ສ


50


{ .shoadIPovjkodyf9tde0=hmu @F 9kdoAo 764k,faj']j5,oUG

gryjo8hv'dko.shgIafspa'L X.shc]dxjPog'yo.o8k8t]k'?

.[ &W WWW du[ xjPogvqk.[ !W WWW du[ wfh9ad.[DDDL Xwfh & .[?

.[ &W WWW du[ xjPogvqk.[ & WWW du[ wfh9ad.[DDDL Xwfh !W .[?

.[ &W WWW du[ xjPogvqk.[ @ WWW du[ wfh9ad.[DDDL Xwfh @& .[?

.[ &W WWW du[ xjPogvqk.[ ! WWW du[ wfh9ad.[DDDL Xwfh !WW .[?

.[ &W WWW du[ xjPogvqk.[ !WW du[ wfh9ad.[DDDL Xwfh &WW.[?

{ lyj'muj76 4k,,koU,ao16j.o8k8t]k'dyf9tde0=hmu @ c]h;D

{ 9kdoAo 76c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

{ .shc8j]tdj5,xjPog'yo c]h;8nj,.lj[jvo9Eg,afD

{ .shc8j]tdj5,Ij;,daoc]dxjPo sn^ ,u.[g'yo XgIaffh;pg9hp? .shoadIPoc]dxjPo

pyj'gxaodkofu 9kdoAo0Po8nj,.lj[jvo9Eg,afD

{ .sh8k'|hkdj5,mujc]h;djvo ,kltg|u16jdtfkoF .shdj5,vnjo Ij;,daod;f c]t lts5[D

9eo;o.[g'yoc8j]txtgrf 9eo;og'yo

.[ &WW du[ # .[S .[ ! WWW du[ @ .[F.[ !W WWW du[ $ .[ c]t

.[ @W WWWdu[ @ .[

)# (WW du[

.[ & WWW du[ ! .[S .[ !W WWW du[ ! .[F .[ @W WWW du[ ! .[

c]t .[ &W WWW du[ ! .[D)& WWW du[

.[ @ WWW du[ & .[F .[ !W WWW du[ @ .[F .[ @W WWW du[ ! .[

c]t .[ &W WWW du[ ! .[D_) WWW du[

.[ ! WWW du[ $ .[F .[ @ WWW du[ @ .[F .[ & WWW du[ .[ #

c]t .[ !W WWW du[ ! .[D!_ &WW du[

.[ ! WW du[ & .[F .[ &WW du[ !W .[F .[ c]t

.[ @W WWW du[ ! .[D

@& &WW du[

ສ.ວ.ສ


51



{ 76 0Po.97;k,.ljdtfko rhv,vtmy[kp.shoadIPo2a'8nj,

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPo9qfgvqk.97;k,.ljxB,0v'8qogv'D

{ 76 8yf8k,g[yj'dko9qfdjkp0v'oadIPoc8j]t7qoD

{ 764k, rhv,rkoadIPolts5[8k,.97;k,D


{ .shoadIPola'gdfF vjkoF [qfg/ydsaf0=h !F @F #D

{ 764k, gryjo8hv'dko.shgIafspa'.o0=hmu !L X.sh-vdsk.[g'yo c8j]txtgrf

g;]kgvqk,k];,dao.shr=fuda[g'yomuj.sh,k?

{ 76 4k,0=h @ .shgIafspa'L X.sh0Po8nj,.lj[jvo9Eg,af?

{ 764k,0=h # gryjo.shgIafspa'L X.sh0Po8nj,.lj[jvo9Eg,af?D

{ 76.shoadIPocdh[qfg/ydsaf0=h !F @F # .ljxB,8qogv'D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,.sh7;k,-j;pgsnvD

{ 76 d;f c]t .sh7tcoo8k,7e8v[D

7e8v[G7e8v[G7e8v[G7e8v[G7e8v[G ,us^kp7e8v[

[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ![qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ![qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ![qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ![qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! ,us^kp

.[g'yomujgvqk,k

c]dxjPo

.[g'yomujxjPowfh8k,c8j]txtgrf c8j,u7jkgmqjkdao

.[ !W WWW du[ .[ & WWW du[ .[ @ WWW du[ .[ ! WWW du[ .[ &WW du[ .[ !WW du[

.[ &WDWWW du[ & .[ !W .[ @& .[ &W .[ !WW .[ &WW .[

.[ @WDWWW du[ @ .[ $ .[ !W .[ @W .[ $W .[ @WW .[

.[

&W WWWdu[

.[

@W WWWdu[

.[

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.[

& WWWdu[

.[

@ WWWdu[

.[

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.[

&WWdu[

.[

!WWdu[

];,9e

o;og'yo

1 1 1 1 85 000

1 2 1 92 000

1 1 1 75 000

69 0001 1 1 57 000

ສ.ວ.ສ


52

7e8v[G7e8v[G7e8v[G7e8v[G7e8v[G

[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @


[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu #[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu #[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu #[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu #[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu #


la'gdf9kdG

{ dkoc]dxjPo9eo;og'yo0v'oadIPoD

{ dko[vdxtgrfg'yo0v'oadIPoD

{ dkooa[g'yo0v'oadIPo

{ dko0Po8nj,8k8t]k'0v'oadIPo

{ 7tcoomujoadIPoc8j]t7qowfhIa[

;aoF gfnvoF xu ]kpIa[ Xdu[? ]kp9jkp Xdu[? pa’gsnv Xdu[?

1-10-20062-10-20065-10-20067-10-20068-10-2006

20 00035 00035 00027 00025 000

10 00015 00010 0007 00010 000

10 00020 00025 00020 00015 000

g[yj'8k,8q;9y'

0v'oadIPo

g[yj'8k,8q;9y'

0v'oadIPo

9eo;o.[

g'yo 0v'

c8j]txt

grfg'yo

.[ &W WWW

du[ ! .[S .[

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@ .[

.[ @W WWW

du[ # .[F

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du[ # .[

.[ !W WWW

du[ # .[F

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du[ # .[

9eo;og'yo _W WWW du[ *W WWW du[ &# WWW du[ &@ !WW du[ () WWW du[ _W WW Wdu[

ສ.ວ.ສ


53

[qfmu !@[qfmu !@[qfmu !@[qfmu !@[qfmu !@ dkodkodkodkodkog7yj'7ng7yj'7ng7yj'7ng7yj'7ng7yj'7n

g;]k $ -qj;3,'


.shoadIPolk,kf ra[g9hp8jk'M.shgxaolj;oltg\udao c]t g8a'daor=fu c]h;wfhcdo g7yj'7nD


dkola'gdfI6[F dkora[ c]t dkoc8h,I6[muj,ucdog7yj'7n


g9Ap8kdk3iF xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD #



{ 76pqdg9hp 8kdk3i mujdP,,k0Bo.shoadIPog[yj' c]h;ra[g7yj'g9hpoAo.shlv'lQog8a'

daor=fuD

{ 76 rng9hpmujra[g7yj'oAovvd c]h;4k,oadIPo;jkG

T g9hpoU c[j'gxao9adlj;oL Xlv'lj;o?

T c8j]tlj;ogmqjkdao sn [+L Xgmqjkdao?

T ,u9adglAomujc[j'g9hpoU .shgxaolv'lj;ogmqjkdaoL X|bj'glAo?

{ 76[vdoadIPo;jkG g,njvgIqkra[g9hpgxaolv'lj;ogmqjkdaor=fuglAomuj16j]ts;jk'dk'0v'

lj;ooAo gvUo;jkG cdog7yj'7nD

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPo vklklt\advvd,kra[g9hp muj76dP,,k.sh\6jg[yj'16j|hkdtfko

xt,ko @{& 7qo grnjv-vdskcdog7yj'7n0v'g9hpc8j]tczjo Xvvdgmnjv]t7qo?D



{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPovjko c]t la'gdfI6[.o0=h ! 0v'dyf9tde.oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76vjko c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v'0=hfaj'djk;.shoadIPo2a'8nj,D


{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]tdj5,8v[7e4k,0=hfaj'djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qoD

ສ.ວ.ສ


54

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;p

cotoe8nj,D

{ .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5, gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|uD


{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts5[dyf9tde c]t -q,g-up dj5,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdfI6[.o[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 vtmy[kp;ymu8v[[qfg/ydsaf0=hfaj'djk; .shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hfaj'djk;oAo .ljxB,0Po0v'8qo 3fpdko0Po

[vd-nj X[+c8h,I6[? g-ajo I6[ d ,u @ cdog7yj'7nS DDD





{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPovjko c]t la'gdfI6[.o8k8t]k'0=hmu @ 0v' dyf9tde.oxB,

c[[IPoD

{ 76 c8h,I6[0=hfaj'djk;.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj'

{ 76 vtmy[kp rhv,\kp X ? .lj8k8t]k'.shoadIPo g[yj'gxao 8q;1jk' |bj'I6[D

{ 76 .shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k\kp X ? .lj8k8t]k'z6h]t|bj'I6[D


{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts5[dyf9tde c]t 0Po.97;k,.ljdtfko.shoadIPo

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ສ.ວ.ສ


55


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdfI6[16j[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @ .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 vtmy[kp;ymu8v[[qfg/ydsaf0=hfaj'djk;.shoadIPo2a'8nj, X[+c8h,I6[? .sh[vd;jkI6[.f

,ucdog7yj'7nd=rP'r=c]h;DD

{ 76c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,0v'shv'

{ 76 .shc8j]tdj5,cdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hfaj'djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qo


cotoe8nj,D

{ 76 .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qowx8yf.ljdtfkorhv,oeltg|uD




{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdf[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu # .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 vtmy[kp;ymucdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hfaj'djk;.shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsafoAo .ljxB,0Po0v'8qo3fpc8h,I6[xk.ljg[Nv'0;k

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la’gdf9kd G

{ dkora[g9hp.shgxaolj;oltg\udao c]t g8a'daor=fuF dkoc8h,I6[ c]t dko[vdcdo

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{ dkoxt8y[afdyf9tdedj5, oadIPo,u7;k,lk,ad7udao|hvp s^kplje.fL

{ 7tcoomujc8j]t7qowfhIa[wfh7kf\kp|hvpF s^kplje.fL

ສ.ວ.ສ


56

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu !#!#!#!#!# glAo-nj0t|ko c]t glAo-nj8A'lkdglAo-nj0t|ko c]t glAo-nj8A'lkdglAo-nj0t|ko c]t glAo-nj8A'lkdglAo-nj0t|ko c]t glAo-nj8A'lkdglAo-nj0t|ko c]t glAo-nj8A'lkd

g;]k # -qj;3,'


.shoadIPolk,kfG

{ [vdglAo-nj0t|ko c]t glAo-nj8A'lkdwfhD

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[aomafF [aomaflkdF g9hp8kdk3i c]t xB,c[[IPo 7toyflkf xD#D



{ 76 0ufglAo-nj @ glAo0t|kodao.ljdtfko c]h;vtmy[kp8+oadIPo2a' c]t 8A'7e4k,8+

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ສ.ວ.ສ


57

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{ 4hkoadIPo8v[[+wfh 76d=[vdg]up;jkG

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{ 76 laj'.shoadIPogvqkxB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD# [qfmu !# 0Bo,kla'gdfD

{ 76 vjko7elaj'0v'dyf9tde0=hmu ! c]t I6[ ! .sh oadIPo2a' rhv,vtmy[kp7;k,dq'dao

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{ dj5,vnjoM c]t 76 -j;pd;fcdh.shD

ສ.ວ.ສ


58


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{ 76 gda[gvqkwxd;f.sh7tcooD

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{ 7tcoomujc8j]t7qowfhIa[ wfh7kf\kp|hvps^kplje.fL

ສ.ວ.ສ


59

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{ 76 8A'7e4k,

T .o8k8t]k' gryjowfh[vdspa'cfjL

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{ 76 oerkoadIPo xt8y[afwx9qo7q[m5d9eo;o.o8k8t]k'D

{ 76 lts5[dkovjko c]t dko0Po9eo;o0v'oadIPo7noD



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{ 76 .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,0Bo]kp'ko16jdtfkoD

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ສ.ວ.ສ


60


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{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]t7qo xt8y[afdyf9tdeD




{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qola'gdfg[yj'[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu !D

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{ 76 lts5[dko[vd8q;g]d0v'oadIPo7noD



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{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,oadIPoc8j]tdj5, xt8y[afdyf9tdeF dj5,.f[+g0Qk.9 76-j;pcotoe8nj,vudD


{ 76 c]t oadIPo Ij;,daolts5[dyf9tdeD

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo9qfgvqk.97;k,.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'D


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{ dkocdh[qfg/ydsaf0v'oadIPoc8j]t7qo wfh8k,7kf\kpmuj;k'w;h|hvps^kp

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{ 7tcoomuoadIPoc8j]t7qowfhIa[ wfh7kf\kp|hvpF s^kplje.fL

ສ.ວ.ສ


61

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g;]k $ -qj;3,'


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c]t dko76owfhD

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{ 76 .shoadIPola'gdfI6[.o0=hmu ! 0v' dyf9tde

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{ 76 .shoadIPo vklklt\advvdwx0Po9eo;ogxafohvpma'\qf3fp0Po rkp.8hI6[

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{ 76 cotoeoadIPoc8j]t7qog[yj'dyf9tde0=hmu $

{ 76 9afoadIPogxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,.shc8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tde0=hmu $ .ljg9hpD

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,c8j]tdj5, xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkdj5,.f[+g0Qk.976-j;pcotoe8nj,D

{ 76.sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,0Bo]kp'ko16jdtfkoD


ສ.ວ.ສ


62


{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdhdyf9tde0=hmu & .ljxB,0Po0v'8qoD


{ 76d;fF fafcx' c]t .sh7tcoo



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{ 76 lts5[dko7yfw]j c]t dko8nj,8q;g]d.lj8k8t]k'0v'oadIPo7noD


{ 76.shoadIPola'gdfg[yj'[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @ .oxB,c[[IPoD


{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]tdj5,cdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk;.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5, xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkdj5,.f[+g0Qk.9 76-j;pcotoe8nj,D

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ສ.ວ.ສ


63

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ສ.ວ.ສ


64

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7

112

{ .shc8j]t7qola'gdf0=hmu # .odyf9tde0v'[qfmu !*D

{ 76 vjko7elaj' c]t vtmy[kp.shoadIPo2a' c]t -U.shgsao 7nda[;Pddj5,zjko,kD

{ oadIPo]q',nxt8y[af.ljxB,0Por=.z r=]k;D

{ g,njvc]h;M 76d=gda[gvqkd;fcdh.sh7tcoo


;Pd];,shv'

{ 76 .shoadIPola'gdf0=hmu $ 0v'dyf9tdec[['P[MD

{ 76 vtmy[kp.shoadIPo2a' c]t gpnv'.shgsao 7nda[d=]tou zjko,kD

{ oadIPo]q',nxt8y[afF 76g]ktwxc8j]t38t grnjv-j;pgsnv

{ .shoadIPo0hvo0hk'gdaj'vvdcdh16jdtfkoD

{ 76 c]t 7qovnjoM 8yf8k,d;fcdh-j;pD


{ .shc8j]tdj5,la'gdf0=hmu & 0v'dyf9tdeD

{ 76 cotoe.sh\qfm5ddj5, cdhdyf9tdeD

{ c8j]tdj5,]q',nxt8y[af S 76g]kt8yf8k,D

V * !W

( $@ (W

16 V 7 = 6 V 7 + 10 V 7

= 42 + 70

= 112

1010

V

ສ.ວ.ສ


65

{ .sh8k'|hkdj5,0Boltg|uzqo0v'dkocdhD

{ 76 c]t dj5,vnjo 8yf8k,d;fcdh-j;p

lts^5[Glts^5[Glts^5[Glts^5[Glts^5[G

{ 76 rkoadIPolts5[9kdm5dM0Ao8vo0v'dyf9tde8jk'M 3fpltgrkt dkoxt8y[af

dyf9tdedko76o X8k,goNv.o0v'.97;k,? c]t 9qf.ljdtfko8nj,.shoadIPodjkp

gvqkD



{ .shc8j]tdj5,la'gdf0=hmu ! 0v'[qfg/ydsaf

{ 76 vtmy[kp;ymudkocdh8jk'M.shoadIPoc8j]tdj5,D

{ dj5,oadIPo]q',nxt8y[afD 76g]ktwx.sh7;k,-j;pgsnvD

{ .sh8k'|hkdj5,0Bocdh16jdtfko

{ 76 c]t dj5,vnjo 8yf8k,d;fcdh-j;pD


{ .shoadIPogvqkg9hp c]t xB,0Po0v'8qo0Bo,k c]h;la'gdfS 0=hmu @ 0v'[qfg/ydsafD

{ 76 vjko7elaj' c]t vtmy[kpc9h'.sh2a'D

{ oadIPo]q',ncdh.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv' Xsn g9hp0k;?

{ g,njvc]h;M 76d=gda[gvqkwxd;f.sh7tcoo D


{ .shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko [qfg/ydsaf39f0=hmu # 0v'[qfmu !*

{ 76 vjkogoNv.o c]t vtmy[kp.shoadIPog0Qk.9 3fp.-hdkoc8h,czomujdkogfuomk'

wx3I'IPo 0v' ok' lufk g0Qk-j;pD



{ .shc8j]tdj5,vjko c]t lbdlk[qfg/ydsaf 0=hmu $ 0v'[qfmu !*D

{ 76 vjko0=h39f.shoadIPo2a' c]t vtmy[kp.shrhv, 3fpcotoe.shc8h,8k8t]k'

.ljg9hpglfdjvo c]t mqf]v'8nj,9kdlyj'mujgda[dewfhD

{ oadIPoc8jdj5, ]q',nxt8y[af 76g]kt.sh7;k,-j;pgsnvD

{ .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5, ltg|uzqo0v'dkocdh16jdtfkoD

1010

ສ.ວ.ສ


66

{ 76 c]t dj5,vnjod;fcdh-j;pD

7e8v[0v'[qfg/ydsaf[k'0=h

0=h # D dkogfuomk'0v' ok' lufk c,jo wx{da[ @ 7A'F ];,gxaowxfjP; $F 7A' ltoAo

w]ptmk'ma'\qfc,jo @&#m V $ = 1 012m

]}f ]kpdkolyj’0v’ ]k7k ! vao 9eo;o ]k7kma'\qf

1 xB,0Po @ WWW du[ @W sq; $W WWW du[

2 dtfkoohvp # WWW du[ @W czjo *W WWW du[

3 l=fe ! &WW du[ # dhko $ &WW du[

];, !W$ WWW du[

0=h $ D


la'gdf9kd G

{ [aopkdkf0v'dkoIPo.oshv'S dkogIaf;PdF dko2a'F dko8v[0v'oadIPo

;jkgxaoco;.fL

{ la'gdf;jk gfad,u7;k,lqo.9 sn [+L g0Qk.9[+L 0vf.f[+g0Qk.9

ສ.ວ.ສ


67

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu !(!(!(!(!( dkorao]tokI6[-q'0v';af45dkorao]tokI6[-q'0v';af45dkorao]tokI6[-q'0v';af45dkorao]tokI6[-q'0v';af45dkorao]tokI6[-q'0v';af45

g;]k @ -qj;3,'


{ .shoadIPolk,kfrao]tokI6[-q'g]0k7toyfwfhD

{ 9af;af458k,]adltot0v'I6[-q'wfhD


rao]tok 75o]adltot0v'I6[g]0k7toyf mujdY'wfh c]t dY'[+wfhD


I6[g]0k7toyfmujdY'wfh c]t dY'[+wfhg-ajoG I6[da[lkdF dhvolkdF I6[m+dq,F m+sjP,F

I6[9;pF I6[d5[F 38ho-y'F \kd[ko c]t xB,c[[IPo7toyflkfD



{ 76 .shoadIPo\qfm5d7qovjkoF la'gdfdyf9tde0=hmu ! c]h;.sh9afxtgrf8k,I6[

-q'0v'r;d,ao 3fp760uf8k8t]k'.ljdtfko c]h;.shoadIPozafxjPodaovklklt\ad

vvdwx0Po.lj8k8t]k'faj'oU G

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts65[


{ 76 .shoadIPola'gdf c]t vjkodyf9tde0=hmu @D

{ 764k,oadIPo gryjo8hv'dko.shgIafspa'L X.shrao]tokI6[?

{ 76 c[j'dj5,oadIPo8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

{ 76 gvqk;af45mujdP,,kgxaoI6[g]0k7toyffaj'dyf9tde0=h @ 1kp.shc8j]tdj5,rhv,.['ko

Xd+7n dyf9tde0=h @ .shrhv,?D

xtgrfI6[xtgrfI6[xtgrfI6[xtgrfI6[xtgrfI6[ 8q;vadlvo8q;vadlvo8q;vadlvo8q;vadlvo8q;vadlvo

I6[mujdY'wfh 0F lF pF -

I6[mujdY'[+wfh 0F 7F 'F 9

ສ.ວ.ສ


68

{ .shc8j]tdj5, -j;pdaorao]tok8k,I6[ .lj.[]kp'komuj1kp.shD

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,c8j]tdj5,gIafdyf9tde 4hk,udj5,.f pa'[+maog0Qk.9 sn ,u7e4k, g;]k76

wxskdj5,0v'8qogv'oAoF 76vtmy[kpgruj,g8u,.shdj5,oAo c8j[+.shlP']q[d;odj5,vnjoD

{ .og;]kcotoeoadIPoc8j]tdj5,c]h; .shc8j]tdj5,-j;pdaoD

{ 76 0ufIjk'dyf9tde0=hmu @ .ljdtfkow;hD

{ .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,,kltg|uzqo'ko8qogv'.lj8k8t]k'dj5,]tI6[D

{ 76 c]t oadIPo\qfm5d7qo-j;pdaod;fzqo'ko0v'c8j]tdj5,ltg|u16jdtfkoD

{ 76.shc8j]tdj5,-j;pdaod;f8k8t]k'0v'dj5,8qo da[7e8v[mujdtfkoD

{ 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daolts65[dyf9tdefaj'oUG


{ 76 rkoadIPo\qfshv'lts5[ 8k,.97;k, c]h;rkoadIPog;Qk;jk ;af45mujgxaoI6[skp

|hk gxao|hkrP'dY'[+wfh,uI6[da[lkdF dhvolkdF I6[mkf]jP,D

{ ;af45mujdY'wfh,u I6[|j;pdq,F I6[m+]jP,F I6[9;pD

{ 76 rkoadIPorao]tokI6[c8j]t-toyf7n 8k8t]k'.odyf9tdemu @ 3fppqd;af45c8j]t

-toyf0Bo rhv,rao]tokD


{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qo gIaf[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! c]t mu @ .ljxB,0v'8qogv'D

{ 76gda[xB,wxd;f.sh7tcooD


-nj;af45 I6[ 9eo;o|hk 9eo;o]jP, 9eo;o9v,

da[l=0k;

da[-k

I6[mkf

6 12 8

8 18 12

5 8 5ສ.ວ.ສ


69

7e8v[ [qfg/ydsaf0=hmu !7e8v[ [qfg/ydsaf0=hmu !7e8v[ [qfg/ydsaf0=hmu !7e8v[ [qfg/ydsaf0=hmu !7e8v[ [qfg/ydsaf0=hmu !

7e8v[ [qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @7e8v[ [qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @7e8v[ [qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @7e8v[ [qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @7e8v[ [qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @

da[lkd [A'w,hwzj I6[m+dq,

cdh;]jP,

dhvolkd da[l=0k; mkf]jP,

\kdxy'xJv'

|j;p,qo \kd[ko 9;p

d5[

\kddt]Hvd

da[g0Qk|q,

V. dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqo

la'gdf9kdG

{ dko9afxtgrfI6[mmujdY'wfh c]t dY'[+wfh0v'oadIPo

{ dkorao]tokI6[0v'oadIPo

{ dko8nj,8k8t]k'0v'oadIPo

{ dkoIj;,dyf9tde0v'oadIPo

{ dkocdh[qfg/ydsaf0v'oadIPowfh7tcoo8k,7kf\kp|hvp{s^kpxko.fL

I6[ dY'wfh dY'[+wfh 9eo;o|hk 9eo;o9v, 9eo;osjP,

6 8 12

4 5 8

8 12 18

ສ.ວ.ສ


70

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu !)!)!)!)!) I6[da[lkd c]t I6[dhvolkdI6[da[lkd c]t I6[dhvolkdI6[da[lkd c]t I6[dhvolkdI6[da[lkd c]t I6[dhvolkdI6[da[lkd c]t I6[dhvolkd

g;]k $ -qj;3,'

IIDDDDD 95fxtlq'95fxtlq'95fxtlq'95fxtlq'95fxtlq'

.shoadIPolk,kf[vd]adltot0v'I6[dhvolkdF lhk'I6[c[0v'I6[dhvolkd

c]h;xtdv[gxaoI6[dhvolkdwfhD


I6[dhvolkdF I6[da[lkdF I6[c[ 0v'I6[dhvolkd c]t I6[c[0v'I6[da[lkdD


I6[dhvolkdF I6[da[lkdF I6[c[ 0v'I6[dhvolkdF I6[c[0v'I6[da[lkdD xB,c[[IPo

7toyflkf xD#F ,uf8afohvp XoadIPodP,,k?



{ 76ltcf'I6[dhvolkdmujwfhdtdP,,k .shoadIPog[yj' c]h; vtmy[kp.shoadIPo2a'

djP;da[0hk'I6[0v'dhvolkdF |hk0v'I6[dhvolkd c]t ,5,0v',aoD

{ 76 ltcf'I6[c[[0v'I6[dhvolkd .shoadIPog[yj' c]h;vtmy[kp.shoadIPo2a'

djP;da[0hk'F |hk c]t ,5,vudgmnjv|bj'D

{ .shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k|hkdtfko c]h;[vddjP;da[0hk'F |hk c]t ,5,0v'

I6[dhvo 3fpdkoltcf' v5xtdvomuj76dP,,koAo .sh\6jg[yj'xt,ko @{# 7qoD

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPola'gdfI6[dhvolkd16j0=h ! 0v'dyf9tde c]h;vklklt\ad8v[c8j

]t7e4k,wxD



{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]t7qo vjko0=hmu @ 0v'dyf9tdeD

{ 76 8A'7e4k, grnjv4k,oadIPo;jkG 0=hoUg;Qkg4y'spa'L XI6[c[0v'I6[dhvolkd?D


{ 761kpI6[c[0v'I6[dhvolkd mujwfhdtdP,,k.shc8j]tdj5, rhv,cotoe.shc8j]tdj5,

.-h,uf8afM 8k,Ivp0uf c]h;xtdv[.shgxaoI6[dhvolkdD

ສ.ວ.ສ


71

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5, xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;p

cotoe8nj,D

{ .sh8k'|hkdj5,gvqkI6[dhvolkd0v'dj5,8qowxltcf'.sh\6jg[yj'16j|hkdtfkoD

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tde c]t -q,g-updj5,mujgIafwfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qola'gdfI6[16j[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qo8v[7e4k,[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk;.ljxB,c[[IPo0v'8qoD





{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPola'gdf0=h # 0v'dyf9tde.oxB,c[[IPo

{ 76 cotoe;ymula'gdf|hk0v'I6[dhvomujdq'da[I6[c[0v',aoD

{ 76 cot oe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qola'gdfI6[dhvomujdq'da[I6[c[16j.o0=hoAoD

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]t7qo xt8y[afdyf9tde rhv,.sh7ecotoe8nj,D



{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qola'gdf0=h $ 0v'dyf9tdeD

{ 76 vjkogoNv.oc8jc]t7e4k,0=h $ oAo .shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

{ 764k,oadIPo;jkG 0=hmu $ 0v'dyf9tde gryjog;Qkg4y'sspa'L XI6[dhvolkd?

{ ,u9ad7e4k,L X,u # 7e4k,?


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]tdj5,8v[7e4k,.ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv'D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tde c]t .sh7ecotoewxrhv,D

{ .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5, ltg|uzqo'ko0v'dj5,8qo.sh\6j2a'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[ dyf9tde c]t -q,g-updj5,muj8v[wfhfuD


{ 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @ c]t 0=hmu # .oxB,c[[IPoD

ສ.ວ.ສ


72

{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk;.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'z6h]t ! 0=h

X76deoqf.sh?D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj' c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tde 3fp.shoadIPo8afg9hp7n I6[muj8qogv'

wfhIa[ grnjvd;f;jkI6[faj'djk; lk,kfxtdv[0BogxaoI6[dhvolkdwfh sn [+D



cotoe7e8v[Gcotoe7e8v[Gcotoe7e8v[Gcotoe7e8v[Gcotoe7e8v[G

0=hmu @G0=hmu @G0=hmu @G0=hmu @G0=hmu @G

{ I6[da[lkd,u @ I6[

{ I6[dhvolkd,u ! I6[

0=hmu #G0=hmu #G0=hmu #G0=hmu #G0=hmu #G

{ I6[mujlk,kfxtdv[7no.shgxaoI6[dhvolkdwfh,u G

I6[ @S I6[ #S I6[ $S I6[ & c]t I6[ *D


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPola'gdfI6[.o0=hmu & 0v'dyf9tde8k,xB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 ltcf'I6[da[lkd .shoadIPog[yj' c]h;vtmy[kp djP;da[|hkF 0hk' c]t ,5,

0v'I6[da[lkd.shoadIPo2a'D

{ 76 0Po8q;vadlvo dS 0S 7S 'S 9S l .ljc8j]t|hk0v'I6[da[lkdoAoD

{ 76 .shoadIPovvd,kc[ Xgxuf? I6[da[lkdoAovvdc]h; [vd|hkmuj,u8q;vadlvo8yf

dao.sh\6j2a'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPoz6hvnjorhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tde rhv,0Po.97;k,.ljdtfko.shoadIPo9qf

djkpgvqkfaj'oUG

T I6[dhvolkd c,joI6[muj,u * |hkltg\udaoF ,u !@ ]jP, pk;gmqjkdao c]t ,u )

9v,D

T I6[da[lkd c,joI6[muj,u * |hk [+ltg\udaoF ,u !@ ]jP, pk;[+gmqjkdao c]t ,u )

9v,D

ສ.ວ.ສ


73


{ 76 c otoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=h & .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 756 vjkogoNv.o0v'[qfg/ydsaf0=hoAo .shoadIPo2a' rhv,vtmy[kp.shoadIPo2a'8nj,vudD


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPo c8j]tdj5,c8h,I6[c[ 0v'I6[dhvolkd.ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,

8qogv' dj5,]t ! I6[ X76deoqf.sh?


cotoe8nj,D

{ 76 .sh8k'|hkdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qo wx8yf.ljdtfko.sh\6jg[yj'D



{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu $ .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk;.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'D

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tde




la'gdf9kdG

{ dko[vd]adltot0v'I6[dhvolkd S I6[c[0v'I6[dhvolkd c]t dkoxtdv[gxaoI6[

dhvolkd0v'oadIPog0qkg9QkgIafwfh sn [+L

{ dkoxt8y[afdyf9tdedj5,oadIPo ,u7;k,lk,ad7udao sn [+L

{ 7tcoomujoadIPowfhIa[F wfh7kf\kp|hvps^kpxko.fL

ສ.ວ.ສ


74

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu !_!_!_!_!_ lv'gmqjk c]t g7yj'|bj'lv'gmqjk c]t g7yj'|bj'lv'gmqjk c]t g7yj'|bj'lv'gmqjk c]t g7yj'|bj'lv'gmqjk c]t g7yj'|bj'

g;]k # 3,'


{ I6h7;k,\kp0v'lv'gmqjk c]t 8q;g]dmuj]q'mhkp9kddko76oda[lv' X@?D

{ Ih67;k,\kp0v'g7yj'|bj'D

{ I6h7yfw]j dkdo76o c]t dkosko.sh @D


{ lv'gmqjk c]t g7yj'|bj'


{ xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD#



{ .shoadIPo7qo|bj'1no0Bo rhv,ma'pqd,nma' @ g[Nv' c]h;4k,oadIPo.oshv';jk G

T 7qomuj1no,u9ad7qoL X! 7qo?

T 7qomuj1no ,u9adc0oL X@ c0o?

{ 76 .sh7qomuj1nooaj']q' c]h;.shoadIPo9eo;o $ 7qo X-kp @ 7qo{py' @ 7qo? vvd,k1no

|hkshv'rhv,ma'pqd,n0Bo@ c]t 764k,oadIPo\qfshv';jkD

T oadIPomuj1no16j|hkshv’ ,u9ad7qoL X$ 7qo?

T oadIPomuj1nopqdc0o 7qo]t9adg[Nv'L X@ g[Nv'?

T oadIPomuj1nopqdc0o ,uc0oma'\qfgmqjk.fL X) g[Nv'?

{ 76 .shoadIPomuj1noda[g0Qk[jvo c]h;.sh\qfm5d7qogvqkc[[IPo 7toyflkf xD# [qfmu

!_ 0Bo,kla'gdf c]t vjkor=.z r=]k;'P[MD

{ 76vjko7elaj' rhv,ma'vtmy[kpl6joadIPo2a'D

{ oadIPoc8j]t7qo -vdsk7e8v[.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'djvo Xsn g9hp 0k;?

{ 76g]ktwxc8j]t38t dP,.sh7;k,-j;pgsnvD

{ .shz6hmuj0hvo0hk'gdaj'ltg|u7e8v[16jdtfko 7qo]t @ 7e4k,D

{ lj;ooadIPo7qovnjoM c]t 76 8yf8k,d;fcdh-j;p X0Po.ljdtfko? grnjv.shoadIPowfh

ສ.ວ.ສ


75

9qfdjkp sn cx'[jvomuj8qogv'gIafzyfD



{ .shc8j]tdj5,gvqk0=hmu @ 0v' dyf9tde0Bo,kvjko'P[MD

{ 76 vjko7elaj' c]t vtmy[kp.shc8j]tdj5,2a'D

{ c8j]tdj5,]q',nxt8y[afS 76 g]ktwxc8j]tdj5, grnjv.sh7;k,-j;pgsnvD

{ .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,0Boltg|uzqo'ko16jdtfkoD

{ dj5,vnjoM c]t 76 8yf8k,d;fcdh-j;p.ljdtfko grnjv.shc8j]t7qowfh9qfdjkpgvqkD

7e8v[G 22 = 11 + 11 ; 22 = 11 V 2 ; 22 2 = 11


{ .shc8j]t7qogvqk0=hmu # 0v' dyf9tde.o[qfmu !_ 0Bo,kvjko'P[MD

{ 76vjko7elaj'.shoadIPo2a'rhv,ma'cotoe;jk 7nda[0=hmu @D

{ oadIPo]q',ncdh S 76 g]kt8yf8k,.sh7;k,-j;pgsnv g,njv,u[aoskD

{ 76 gda[gvqkwxd;fda[muj.sh7tcoo c]t vud c, jo7;k,8A'.9 c]t

0Po'k, Xltvkf?D


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IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo { dkolvolnjdkoIPo { dkolvolnjdkoIPo { dkolvolnjdkoIPo { dkolvolnjdkoIPo { dkolvo

{ xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD#D



{ 76 djkpdyf9tde0=hmu ! Xd c]t 0? 0v'dyf9tde.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj'D

{ 76 oerkoadIPo7yfw]jzqo76o @#$ V @$ .o0=h d 0v' 0=hmu ! .shoadIPola'gdf c]t

0Po.lj[jvo9Eg,af .o8k8t]k'D

8q;1jk' G

{ 76 cotoe;ymu7yfw]jzqo76o 9kd0=h d ,k8nj,.lj[jvo9Eg,af 16j.o0=h 0 .shoadIPog0Qk.9

c]t 0Po.lj8k8t]k'D

{ 76 .shvklklt\ad|bj'7qovvd,kgvqkzqo76o 9kd 0=h d ,k 8nj,.lj[jvo9Eg,af16j0=h 0

c]h;[;dg0QkdaoD




{ 76 .shoadIPovjko c]t la'gdf0=h 7 c]t 0=h 'D .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 vtmy[kp;ymu7yfw]j.oc8j]t0=h.shoadIPo2a'8nj,D


{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]tdj5,cdh0=hfaj'djk; .ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qoD

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkdj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;pcotoe8nj,D


ສ.ວ.ສ


88




{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko0=h @D d 0v' dyf9tde .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 vtmy[kp;ymu7yfw]j 0=hfaj'djk;.shoadIPo2a'D

{ 76 .shc8j]t7qo7yfw]j .ljxB,0Po0v'8qoD


{ 76 d;fF fafcx' c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD



{ 76 djkp0=h 0 0v'0=h @ .ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj'D

{ 76 vtmy[kpdko7yfw]j.oc8j]t;q'g]a[.shoadIPo2a'D

{ 76 .shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k7yfw]j16jdtfko z6h]t ! ;q'g]a[D


{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[ dyf9tde.ljdtfkoD


{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdf[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD


{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]tdj5,cdh[qfg/ydsaf 0=hmu ! .ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv'D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5, xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkdj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;pcot

oe8nj,D

{ 76 .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5, gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|uD


{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts5[dyf9tde c]t -q,g-updj5,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo vjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @ .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hfaj'djk;.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv' z6h]t @

[A' X76deoqf.sh?D



ສ.ວ.ສ


89

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo djkpgvqk.97;k,.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'D


{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qo vjko c]t la'gdf[qfg/ydsaf 0=h # .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 vtmy[kp;ymu7yfw]jg]d 16j.o0=hfaj'djk; .shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

{ 76 .shoadIPozafxjPodaovklklt\advvd,kcdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk;16jdtfkoz6h]t ! [A'D




{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo vjko c]t la'gdf[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu $ c]t & .oxB,

c[[IPoD

{ 76 vtmy[kpgoNv.o[qfg/ydsaf0=hfaj'djk; .shoadIPo2a'8nj,D


{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]tdj5, cdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk; .ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv' dj5,]t !

0=h X76deoqf.sh?D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5, xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkdj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76 -j;pcot

oe8nj,D

{ 76 .sh8k'|hkdj5, gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|uD


{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhjv,daolts5[dyf9tde c]t -q,g-updj5,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu * .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76vjko c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v'[qfg/ydsaf0=hfaj'djk;.shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qo cdh[qfg/ydsafoAo .ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'D




la'gdf9kd G

{ dkovjkoF 0Po c]t 76og]d0v'oadIPo;jk g0qkg9Qk 76og]dwfh4nd8hv' sn [+L

{ dkoxt8y[afdyf9tdedj5, oadIPo,u7;k,lk,ad7udaofu sn [+L

{ 7tcoo mujc8j]t7qowfhIa[oAo wfh7kf\kp |hvps^kpxko.fL

ສ.ວ.ສ


90

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu @#@#@#@#@# dko.-h;q'g]a[dko.-h;q'g]a[dko.-h;q'g]a[dko.-h;q'g]a[dko.-h;q'g]a[

g;]k @ -qj;3,'


.shoadIPolk,kfG vjkoF 0PoF 7yfw]j g]dmuj,u;q'g][ c]t cdh39f3fpoe.-h;q'g]a[

wfh1jk'4nd8hv'D


7yfw]jg]dmuj,u;q'g]a[ c]t g]nvd.lj;q'g]a[ grnjv.shdko7yfw]j4nd8hv'D





{ 76 .shoadIPog]qjk[A'l6f[A' #S [A' & c]t [A' ( rhv,daoma'\qfshv'D

{ 76 0Po9eo;o @S #S !& c]t @$ .ljdtfko c]h;vtmy[kp.shoadIPo2a';jkG 4hkgIqk76o

# .ljc8j]t9eo;o gIqk9twfhc8j]t9eo;o c,jo *S _S $& c]t (@D

{ 76 vtmy[kp;jkG 4hkgIqk76o # .lj9eo;o.f|bj' gIqkd=9twfh9eo;o.\jmuj,u7jkgmqjk #

gmnjv0v'9eo;ooAoD

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko0=h ! 0v'dyf9tde rhv,la'gdfg[yj'8q;1jk'.o

dyf9tdeoAo c]h;-vdsk7e8v[ c8j]t9eo;o 16j.o0=hoAoD

{ 76 .shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k0Po7e8v[.ljdtfkoz6h]t |bj'9eo;og-ajo G

6 ; 6 + 6 + 6 = 6 V 3 = 18

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,dao8yf8k, g[yj'vklklt\adc8j]t7qoD



{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko0=h @ 0v'dyf9tde rhv,la'gdfg[yj'8q;1jk'

.odko7yfw]jg]d16j0=hoAo .shg0Qk.9[kfdhk;.odkocdhD

{ 76 vtmy[kp.shoadIPo2a';jkG .odkocdhg]dmuj,us^kpleo;o.o0=hfP;dao gIqk8hv'

7yfw]jg]dmuj,u;q'g]a[djvog-ajoG @ T &? V $ = ( V $ = @)D

ສ.ວ.ສ


91


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]tdj5, cdh0=h @ 0v'dyf9tde.ljg9hp[aombd 3fp.shc8j]tdj5,

cdhrP' @ [A' Xvu'8k,76c[j'xao?D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj' c8jc]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;p

cotoe8nj,D


{ 76 c]t oadIPoz6hvnjo rhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'dkooeltg|u0v'8k'|hkdj5,D

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[ dyf9tde rhv,-q,g-updj5,mujgIafwfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76 cotoeoadIPovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! rhv,-vdsk0Ao8vo.odko7yfw]jD

{ 76 cotoeoadIPoc8j]t7qo cdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk;.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv' z6h]t & [A'

Xvu'8k,76c[j'xao?D



{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[ dyf9tde.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj'


{ 76 .shoadIPovklklt\ad vjko39f0=hmu # c]t 0=hmu $ 0v'dyf9tde.sh\6j2a' xt,ko

@{# 7qoD

{ 76 vjko39ffaj'djk; rhv,vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v'39foAo .shoadIPo2a'vudgmnjv|bj'D

{ 76 oerkoadIPocdh39f0=hmu # .ljdtfkoF 3fpmuj760Po[A'g]d.ljdtfko.shoadIPo

g[yj'faj'oUG (12 2) (50 1) .....

{ .shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k7yfw]jg]dfaj'djk;16jdtfkoF 4hkgsao;jk 7yfw]j[+4ndF

76d=xjPo.shz6h.\jvvd,k7yfw]jcmoD

{ 76 oerkoadIPocdh0=hmu $ .ljdtfko8nj,vudD

{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts^5[dyf9tde c]h;0Po.97;k,.ljdtfko c]t

cotoe.shoadIPo 9qfdjkp.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'faj'oU G

T dko7yfw]jg]dmuj,us^kpleo;o gryjo.-h;q'g]a[ c]t 8hv'7yfw]jg]d.o;q'g]a[

lkdjvoD

8q;1jk'G 1. 5 3 + 10 = (5 3) + 10 = 15 + 10 = 25

2. 5 3 + 6 2 = (5 3) + (6 2 ) = 15 + 12 = 27

ສ.ວ.ສ


92

dyf9tdemu &

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qola'gdf c]t vjko [qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @ .oxB,c[[IPoD


{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]tdj5, cdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk;.ljg9hp[aombddj5,]t & [A' 3fpdko\kp

X ? .lj[A'muj7yfw]j4nd8hv'D


cotoe8nj,D


{ 76 c]t oadIPoz6hvnjo rhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'



{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo cdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu # .ljxB,0Po0v'8qoD

{ 76 g]ktg[yj'c8j]t7qo xt8y[afdyf9tde


{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts5[ dyf9tde


la'gdf9kd

{ dkovjkoF dko0PoF dko7yfw]jg]dmuj,u;q'g]a[ c]t cdh39f3fpoe.-h;q'g]a[

oadIPogIafwfhsn [+L

{ dkoxt8y[afdyf9tdeoadIPo ,u7;k,shk;saoF ,u7;k,lqo.98+[qfIPo c]t

,u7;k,lk,ad7udaofu sn [+L


ສ.ວ.ສ


93

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu @$@$@$@$@$ dko76oda[ !WF da[ !WW da[ ! WWWdko76oda[ !WF da[ !WW da[ ! WWWdko76oda[ !WF da[ !WW da[ ! WWWdko76oda[ !WF da[ !WW da[ ! WWWdko76oda[ !WF da[ !WW da[ ! WWW

g;]k $ -qj;3,'


.shoadIPolk,kfgvqk9eo;o.f 9eo;o|bj',k76oda[ !WF da[ !WWF da[ ! WWW

1jk';jv'w;wfhD


dko76oda[ !WF da[ !WWF da[ ! WWW


g9hp8kdk3i xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD#D



{ 76gvqkw,h46j,k.shoadIPooa[c8j !{!W c]h; ,afw;hgxao,af|bj'D 9kdoAo 76oerkoadIPo

oa[gxao,afg-ajo G @ ,af,ugmqjk.f X@W vao? c]h; 764k,meov'oU g-ajo;jk # ,af,u9advaoF

$ ,af,u9advao 9qoIvf !W ,afL

{ 76 .shoadIPovjkodyf9tde0=hmu !D

T 764k,;jkgryjo.shgIafspa'L X.sh7yfw]j9eo;ow,h46j.lj8k8t]k'?

T 76 0uf8k8t]k'.ljdtfko .shoadIPovklk lt\adzafxjPodaowx0Po.lj

8k8t]k' gmnjv]tc4;9qoleg]afD

T 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;f c]t lts5[.sh4nd8hv'.o8k8t]k'D


{ 76.shoadIPola'gdf8q;1jk'.odyf9tde 0=hmu @F 0=hmu # c]h;.shoadIPoc8j]t38t-j;pdao

cdh.ljg9hp0PoIj;,daoD

{ .og;]kmujoadIPo-j;pdaocdh 0=hmu @ c]t 0=hmu # 16joAoF 76d=0uf8k8t]k'0=hmu @

.ljdtfkoD

{ sa'9kdoadIPogIafc]h; 76d=.shdj5,38tmujc]h;djvowxltg|u 0Po8nj,.ljdtfkoD

{ .shvud8q;cmo0v'38tvnjo zafxjPodaowx0Po8nj,.ljdtfko 38t]t[A' 3fp8nj,.lj[jvo

9Eg,af .shleg]af0=hmu #

{ 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;f

ສ.ວ.ສ


94


{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjkodyf9tde0=hmu $ c]t 0=hmu &D

T 764k, gryjogIaafspa'L X.sh7yfw]j c]h;0Po8nj,.lj[jvo9Eg,afD

T 76 c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

T .shc8j]tdj5,-j;pdaocdhdyf9tde0=hmu $ c]t 0=hmu &D

T 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5, xt8y[afdyf9tdeD

T 76 .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5, ltg|u16jdtfkofaj'7e8v[0=h &D

{ s^a'9kdoadIPoltg|u7e8v[16jdtfkoc]h; 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;f c]t

lts5[vaomuj4nd8hv'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daolts5[gvqksaddko.odko76o.sh !WF .sh !WWF .sh ! WWW

8k,.97;k,.shoadIPo9qfdjkpgxao[qfIPoD


{ 76 .shoadIPogIaf[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! c]t 0=hmu @ .ljxB,0Po0v'.z]k;D

T z6h.fc]h; 76gda[wxd;f.sh7tcooD

T .shz6hwfh7tcoofu 0Po8nj,.lj8k8t]k'.sh\6jg[yj' faj'7e8v[G [qfg/ydsaf0=h !

200 40 5

10

245 10 2 450

200 V 10= 2 000

40 V 10= 400

5 V 10= 50

400 000 50 000 8 600458 000

++

10 000 3 000 60013 600

++

2 000 400 502 450

++

100

136 100 13 600

100 30 6

100 V 100= 10 000

30 V 100= 3 000

6 V 100= 60

400 50 8

1 000

458 1 000 45 8000

40V1 000= 400 000

50 V 1 000= 50 000

8 V 1 000= 8 000

ສ.ວ.ສ


95

{ \kdok; ]k7kma'\qf 20 000 du[

{ \kddtmao ]k7kma'\qf 40 000 du[

{ \kddhP' ]k7kma'\qf 49 000 du[

{ \kdsj5' ]k7kma'\qf 60 000 du[

{ \kddh;p ]k7kma'\qf 12 000 du[

{ \kd0k, ]k7kma'\qf 36 000 du[

7e8v[[qfg/ydsaf0=h @

dD

0D


{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu #D

{ 764k,gryjo.shgIafspa' L X.sh-vdsk7tcoo0v'c8j]t7qomuj-af]6dfvd c]h;9afmu

z6h.fwfh7tcoos^kp 9twfhmu ! c]t ]P',k8k,]efa[

{ 76 c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

{ .shc8j]tdj5,-j;pdaogIaf 768yf8k,g[yj'D

{ 9kdoAo .shc8j]tdj5,zafxjPodao,k0Po.ljdtfkofaj']j5,oUG

4 852 = (4V1 000)+(8V100)+(5V10)+2 = 4 000+800+50+2

1028 = 1V1 000+2V10+8 = 1 000+20+8

]}f -nj c]t ok,ltd5o dkodt9kpzqo76o ];,7tcoo mu

! ok' lkp]q,

@ mhk; xaopk

# ok' wr]yo

$ mhk; cdh;8k

& ok' l5raolk

* mhk; f;'fu

1 234 5

2 143 3

1 234 5

3 331 1

3 322 2

2 133 4

(1V1 000)+(2V100)+(3V10)+(4V1)

(1V1 000)+(2V100)+(3V10)+(4V1)

(2V1 000)+(1V100)+(4V10)+(3V1)

(3V1 000)+(2V100)+(3+10)+(1)

(3V1 000)+(3V100)+(2V10)+(2V1)

(2V1 000)+(2V100)+(3V10)+(3)

{ 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;f c]t lts5[dyf9tdeD

ສ.ວ.ສ


96


la'gdf9kdG

{ dko76o9eo;o.f|bj'.sh !WF !WWF ! WWW 0v'oadIPoD

{ dkoIj;,dyf9tde0v'oadIPoD

{ dkocdh[qfg/ydsaf0v'oadIPoD

{ 7tcoo0v'oadIPoD

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu @&@&@&@&@& dko;afcmd];'pk;dko;afcmd];'pk;dko;afcmd];'pk;dko;afcmd];'pk;dko;afcmd];'pk;

g;]k $ -qj;3,'


.shoadIPolk,kf oe.-hglAofhkpF [aomaf grnjv;afcmd];'pk;lyj'0v'8jk'MwfhD


dko;afcmd3fpoe.-hglAofhkpF [aomafF w,hg,afF sq;|j;prNo4ko0v'dko;afcmd

];'pk;D


glAofhkpF w,h[aomafF w,hc,afF xB,c[[IPo 7toyflkf xD#D



{ 76 ltcf'v5xtdvomujwfhdtdP,,k.shoadIPogsaoD

{ 76 vtmy[kp djP;da[0uf\kp16j.ow,h[aomaf c]t w,hc,af.shoadIPo2a'D

{ 76 lkmyfdkooe.-hglAofhkpF w,h[aomaf c]t w,hc,af grnjv;afcmd];'pk;0v'lyj'0v'

c8j]t-toyf.shoadIPog[yj' XxB,F l=feF xt86 shv'IPoF 38tDDD?D

{ .shoadIPovklklt\advvd,kcmdlyj'0v'8jk'M rhv,[vd];'pk;0v'lyj'0v'oAo

.sh\6j2a'xt,ko #{$ 7qoD



{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko0=h ! 0v'dyf9tde.oxB,c[[IPoD

ສ.ວ.ສ


97

{ 76vjko c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0=hfaj'djk;.shoadIPo2a'8nj,vudD

{ 76 c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,0v'shv'

{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]tdj5,cdh0=hfaj'djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv' X[+c8h,I6[ c8j.sh[vd

g-ajoG I6[ d =DDDDD-,?

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkdj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;pcotoe

8nj,D



{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts5[ c]t -q,g-updj5,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 vjko c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v'[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk; .shoadIPo2a'D

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsafoAo .ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'D





{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPovjko c]t la'gdf0=hmu @ 0v'dyf9tde.oxB,c[[IPo

{ 76 0Po7e4k,.ljdtfko faj'oUG

dD l=fepk; DDDDDDDDDD -, =DDDDDDDDDD ,,

0D gsad0afpk; DDDDDDDDDD -, =DDDDDDDDDD ,,

7D ]6ddtc9pk; DDDDDDDDDD -, =DDDDDDDDDD ,,

'D lkp3,'pk; DDDDDDDDDD -, =DDDDDDDDDD ,,

{ 76 vtmy[kp;ymu8v[7e4k, .shoadIPo2a'8nj,vudD

{ 76 .shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k0Po8nj,.lj[jvo9Eg,af16jdtfkogmnjv]t7qo Xz6h]t0=h?

{ 76 c]t oadIPoz6hvnjoM rhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj'

{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts5[dyf9tde.ljdtfkoF oadIPo9qfdjkpgvqkD


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo vjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @ .o xB,c[[IPoD

ສ.ວ.ສ


98

{ 76 vjko c]t vtmy[kp goNv.o0v'[qfg/ydsaf0=hfaj'djk;.shoadIPo2a'D


{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]tdj5, cdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hoAo.ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv'D


cotoe8nj,D

{ 76 .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5, gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|uD


{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts5[ dyf9tde c]t -q,g-up dj5,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu # .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 vtmy[kp;ymu8v[7e4k, [qfg/ydsaf0=hfaj'djk; .shoadIPo2a'D

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsafoAo.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv' z6h]t & [A' X76deoqf

.sh?D





{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko0=hmu # 0v'dyf9tde.oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76djkp8k8t]k'0=hfaj'djk;.ljdtfko

{ 76 gvUooadIPovvd,kdtfko|bj'7qo c]t .-hw,hc,afcmd];'l6'0v'oadIPoz6hoAoD

sa'9kdoAo d=[aombd.lj8k8t]k'.shoadIPog[yj'D

{ 76 .shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k |hkdtfkogmnjv]t @ 7qo 3fp.shz6h|bj'gxaoz6h;afcmd

c]h;0Po.lj8k8t]k' Xxt8y[af7ndaoda[76?D

{ 76 zafxjPovklklt\adwxg]NvpM9qo7q[ 9eo;o & 7qo .o8k8t]k'oAo 9bj'g-qkD



{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPodjkpgvqk8k8t]k'sq;|j;p;afcmd];'pk; .ljxB,0Po0v'

8qogv'D

ສ.ວ.ສ


99


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu $ S 0=hmu & c]t 0=hmu * .oxB,c[[IPoD


{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]tdj5,cdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hfaj'djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv' dj5,]t !

0=h X8k,76deoqf.sh?D


cotoe8nj,D

{ .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|uD


{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts65[ dyf9tde c]t -q,g-updj5,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ( c]t 0=hmu ) .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76vjko c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o[qfg/ydsafoAo .shoadIPo2a'D

{ 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffaj'djk;.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'z6h]t ! 0=h X76deoqf.sh?D


{ 76d;fF fafcx' c]t .sh7tcoo c8j]t7qoD


{ 76 .shoadIPocdh0=h $ 0v'dyf9tde16j[hkoD

V. dko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqodko;af c]t dkoxtg,uozqo

la'gdf9kdG

{ dooe.-hglAofhkpF w,h[aomafF w,hc,af grnjv;afcmd];'pk;0v'lyj'0v'8jk'M

oadIPogIafwfh sn [+L

{ dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde oadIPo,u7;k,lqo.98+[qfIPo sn [+L

{ 7tcoomujc8j]t7qowfhIa[oAo wfh7kf\kp |hvpF s^kpxko.fL

1,= 10 f, = 100 -, = 1 000 ,,

1 d, = 1 000 ,

d, I8, fd, , f, -, ,,

1 0 0 0

1 0 0 0

ສ.ວ.ສ


100

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu @*@*@*@*@* 9eo;oc8j !W WWW g4y' !WW WWW9eo;oc8j !W WWW g4y' !WW WWW9eo;oc8j !W WWW g4y' !WW WWW9eo;oc8j !W WWW g4y' !WW WWW9eo;oc8j !W WWW g4y' !WW WWW

g;]k # -qj;3,'


.shoadIPolk,kf G

{ vjko9eo;oF 0Po9eo;o c]t 9af]Po9eo;o

{ I6h7jk0v'8q;g]d.osad8jk'MF I6hxP[mP[ c]t I6h.-hg7njv'\kp0v'dkoxP[mP[D

{ I6h7yfw]jD


{ dkoxP[mP[9eo;omuj,u8q;g]d8jk'daoD

{ dkoxP[mP[9eo;o muj,u9eo;o8q;g]dgmqjkdaoD


{ ]6d7yfF xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD#



{ .shoadIPogvqkc[[IPo7toyflkf xD# [qfmu @* 0Bo,kla'gdf0=hmu ! 0v' dyf9tdeD

{ 76vjko7elaj' rhv,vtmy[kp7;k,\kp0v']6d7yf c]t s^ad0v']6d7yf rhv,7jk

xt9esadc8j0;k sk -hkp c]t rkoadIPovjko9eo;o9kd]6d7yf c,jovjkoc8j

-hkp sk 0;kD

T 76 0Po8k8t]k' sad]6d7yf.ljdtfkofaj'oU G

76vtmy[kp G

T gIqkvjko 7jk8k,sad c]t 8k,-Ao S c8j-Ao|j;p9t[+vvdlP';jk < |j;p <

g-ajofP;da[ sad|j;pD

8q;1jk'G

T shv'mevyf0v' <-Ao|j;p< X0;k,n? c,jo <sad|j;p<S sadmulv'0v'

-Aorao -Ao|j;p

sadIhvp sadly[ sad|j;p sadIhvp sadly[ sad|j;p

ສ.ວ.ສ


101

<-Ao|j;p< c,jo <sadly[<F sadmu # 0v' <-Ao |j;p< c,jo <sadIhvp< c]t

sadmevyf0v' <-Aorao< c,jo <sad|j;p<F shv'mulv' 0v' <-Aorao< c,jo

<sadly[< shv'mulk,0v' <-Aorao< c,jo <sadIhvp<

T dkovjkoG

vjkoG g9afIhvp lujly[ lk,rao lv'Ihvp shkly[ sqd X7evjko?

0PoG ($# @&* X8q;g]d?

{ 76 .shoadIPola'gdf]6d7yf.oc8j]tI6[16jdyf9tdemu ! faj'8q;1jk'S c]h;0Po9eo;o]6d

7yf.oc8j]tsad.lj c]h;0Po7evjko.ljdhv'D

{ oadIPo]q',nxt8y[afS 76 g]ktwxc8j]t38t grnjv.sh7;k,-j;pgsnvD

{ g,njvc]h;M d=[qj'8q;9ad @{# 7qqo 0Bocdh16jdtfko

{ 76 c]t 7qovnjoM 8yf8k,d;fcdh-j;pD

7e8v[muj4ndG7e8v[muj4ndG7e8v[muj4ndG7e8v[muj4ndG7e8v[muj4ndG

XI6[ @? &* W!( shkly[sqdrao ly[g9af

XI6[ #? @ #($ lv'raolk,Ihvpg9afly[lujF

XI6[ $? & _WW shkraogdQkIhvp

XI6[ &? #& @$! lk,ly[shkraolv'Ihvp lujly[gvaf

XI6[ *? @ W#& lv'raolk,ly[shk

{ oadIPoc8j]t7qo9qfdjkpgvqkD



{ .shc8j]tdj5,gvqkc[[IPo7toyflkf xD# [qfmu @* 0=hmu @ 0v'dyf9tdevvd,k

la'gdf8q;1jk'D

{ 76vjko7elaj'.shoadIPo2a' rhv,cotoe8q;1jk';jkdko0Po.oI6[c[[dt9kpc,jo

dt9kp8k,7jkxt9esadc]h;[;dg0QkdaoD

{ oadIPo]q',nxt8y[afF 76g]ktwxc8j]tdj5, grnjv.sh7;k,-j;pgsnv X4hkgxaowxwfh.shc8j

]tdj5,cdh @ 0=h sn # 0=h?D

{ g,njvc]h;M d=.sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,0Boltg|uzqo'kodj5,vnjo 8yf8k,d;fcdh-j;p

-Aorao -Ao|j;p

sadIhvp sadly[ sad|j;p sadIhvp sadly[ sad|j;p

ສ.ວ.ສ


102

grnjv.shdj5,vnjoM Xc8j]t7qo? 9qfdjkpgvqkD


{ .shoadIPoc8j]t7qogvqkxB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD# [qfmu @* 0Bo,kla'gdf0=hmu # 0v'

dyf9tdeD

{ 76 vtmy[kp.shoadIPo2a'c8j]t7;k,\kp c]t 95fxtlq'0v'dko8nj,.lj rhv,cot

oe8q;1jk' S

{ oadIPo]q',nxt8y[afF 76g]ktwxc8j]t38t grnjv.sh7;k,-j;pgsnvD

{ g,njvoadIPocdhc]h;M 76d=gda[gvqkwxd;f.sh7tcooD


{ .shoadIPo\qfshv'gvqkxB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD# [qfmu@* 0Bo,kla'gdfdyf9tde

0=hmu $D

{ 76vtmy[kp7;k,\kp8jk'M 8+oadIPofaj'.o8q;1jk'D

{ g,njvoadIPog0Qk.9 c]h;d=]q',nxt8y[af8k,8q;1jk'F 76g]ktwxc8j]t38t grnjv.sh7;k,

-j;pgsnvD

{ 76[qj'8q;oadIPo 0hvo0hk'gdja'0Bocdh9ad & 7qoM ]t @ 0=h16jdtfkoD

{ 76 c]t 7qovnjoM d;fcdh-j;p.sh4nd8hv'D

{ oadIPo7qovnjo9qfdjkpgvqk0=hmuj4nd8hv'D

dyf9tdemun &dyf9tdemun &dyf9tdemun &dyf9tdemun &dyf9tdemun &

{ c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,0v'shv'

{ .shc8j]tdj5,la'gdf0=hmu & .o dyf9tdemu 0v'[qfmu @*D

{ 76 vjko7elaj' c]t vtmy[kp.shoadIPo2a' rhv,ma'cotoe8q;1jk'.odyf9tdeD

{ oadIPo]q',nxt8y[afF 76g]ktwxc8j]tdj5, grnjv.sh7;k,-j;pgsnvD

{ g,njvoadIPocdhc]h;.sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5,0Boltg|u16j|hkshv'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPo7qovnjoM 8yf8k,d;fcdh-j;pgrnjv.shoadIPo9qfdjkpgvqkD

7e8v[7e8v[7e8v[7e8v[7e8v[

1 6 5 g]d * 16jsadly[ .o-Ao0v'|j;p ,u7jk 60

3 9 5 g]d # 16jsadIhvp .o-Ao0v'|j;p ,u7jk 300

5 8 3 6 g]d & 16jsad|j;p .o-Ao0v'rao ,u7jk 5 000

ສ.ວ.ສ


103

4 9 4 4 1 g]d ! 16jsad|j;p .o-Ao0v'|j;p ,u7jk 1,

4 6 3 7 g]d # 16jsadly[ .o-Ao0v'|j;p ,u7jk 30,

1 0 6 7 3 g]d ! 16jsadly[ .o-Ao0v'rao ,u7jk 10 000,

3 1 0 6 g]d W 16jsadly[ .o-Ao0v'|j;p ,u7jk 0,

9 2 4 8 5 g]d _ 16jsadly[ .o-Ao0v'rao ,u7jk 90 000,

9 1 7 2 g]d ! 16jsadIhvp .o-Ao0v'|j;p ,u7jk 100,

1 8 5 6 g]d & 16jsadly[ .o-Ao0v'|j;p ,u7jk 50

{ oadIPo9qfdjkpgvqk.ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'D


{ .shoadIPoc8j]t7qogvqkc[[IPo7toyflkf xD# [qfmu @* dyf9tdemu * c]t mu (

0Bo,kla'gdfD

{ 76vjkogoNv.o.shoadIPo2a' c]t vtmy[kp7;k,\kp0v'dkoxP[mP[.oc8j]t0=h

X0=hmu * c]t 0=hmu (? 3fp.-h <;>.{ oadIPo]q',nxt8y[af.ljxB,0PoF 76g]ktwxc8j]t38t grnjv.sh7;k,-j;pgsnvD

{ g,njvc]h;M 76d=gda[gvqkwxd;f.sh7tcoo

{ cotoe.shoadIPocdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! c]t 0=hmu @ 16jgInvoc]h;gvqk,kd;fcdh3I,

dao.o-qj;3,'8+wxD


{ .shoadIPogvqk[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! c]t 0=hmu @ Xmujcdh16jgInvo? 0Bo,kD

{ 76cdh.ljdtfko oadIPofafcx'[qfmuj8qogv'cdhzyfD

{ 76 rkoadIPola'];,[aosk8jk'M.o[qfcdh S 9kdoAo d=rkoadIPolts5[gxao[qfIPoD

{ 769qfgoNv.o[qfIPo.ljdtfko X.97;k,?F .shoadIPo9qfdjkpgvqk.ljxB,0Po8qogv'D



{ .shc8j]tdj5,la'gdf[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu & .oc[[IPo7toyflkf xD# [qfmu @*D

{ 76 vjko39f rhv,vtmy[kp;ymucdh.shoadIPoD

{ oadIPo]q',ncdhF 76g]ktwxc8j]tdj5, grnjv.sh7;k,-j;pgsnvD

{ .sh8k'|hkdj5,0hvo0hk'gdaj'vvdcdh.sh\6jg[yj'D

ສ.ວ.ສ


104

{ dj5,vnjo c]t 76 8yf8k,d;fcdh-j;pD


{ 3I'IPo xt4q,g,nv' d ,u9eo;ooadIPos^kpd;jk3I'IPoxt4q,g,nv' 0D

{ 11 001>10 110 grkt9eo;o8q;g]dgmqjkdao c8j8q;g]d.os^ad|j;p0v'-Aorao

0v'3I'IPo g,nv' d c,jo ! ,u7jk ! WWW c]t 3I'IPoxt4q,g,nv' 0 c,jo W

,u7jk WD



{ .shoadIPoc8j]t7qogvqkxB,0Po0Bo,k c]h;la'gdf[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu # c]t 0=hmu $ 'P[MD

{ 76 vjko7elaj' c]t vtmy[kp;ymuxt8y[af .shoadIPo2a'9qog0Qk.9D


{ oadIPocdhc]h;M 76d=gda[gvqkwxd;f.sh7tcoo


la'gdf9kdG

{ dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde8jk'M ;jkoadIPogIafwfhfu sn [+L

{ la'gdf9kd7tcoo;jk [qdzjv'0vf.f mujoadIPocdh[+maowfhD

10

10

ສ.ວ.ສ


105

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu @(@(@(@(@( m;o7no9eo;o c]t dko7eo;om;o7no9eo;o c]t dko7eo;om;o7no9eo;o c]t dko7eo;om;o7no9eo;o c]t dko7eo;om;o7no9eo;o c]t dko7eo;o

g;]k @ -qj;3,'


.shoadIPolk,kfG

{ vjkoF 0Po c]t 7yfw]j9eo;o8jk'M .sh4nd8k,c8j]tsad1jk'4nd8hv'wfhD

{ I6hxP[mP[9eo;o 3fp.-hg7njv'\kp >;<;= I6h-vdsk9eo;omuj0kfskpwx0v'

dko[;d c]t I6hcdh39f[aosk 3fpoe.-hdko[;dF dko]q[ c]t dko76owfhD


dkovjko9eo;oF dko-vdsk9eo;omuj0kfskpwx0v'dko[;dF dko]q[ c]t dko

76o c]t dkocdh39f[aosk3fpoe.-h dko[;dF dko]q[ c]t dko76oD




d Dd Dd Dd Dd D 9eo;o9eo;o9eo;o9eo;o9eo;o


{ 76 0Po0=h ! .ljdtfko c]t vtmy[kp;ymu\kp4nd.lj7evjko.shoadIPo2a'D

{ .shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k\kp4nd.lj9eo;omujgsnvz6h]t ! 9eo;o16jdtfkoD

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,dao8yf8k, c]t d;fcdh-j;pD


dyf9tde @dyf9tde @dyf9tde @dyf9tde @dyf9tde @

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko0=h @ .oxB,c[[IPoD


{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]tdj5,cdh0=hfaj'djk;.ljg9hp[aombd 3fpdko\kp0ufdhv'8q;g]dmuj

deoqf.shD

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5,xt8y[af9tde c]t .sh7ecotoewxrhv,D

{ .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5, ltg|uzqo'ko0v'dj5,8qogv'.sh\6j2a'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,dao8yf8k, c]t d;fcdh-j;pD

ສ.ວ.ສ


106



{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]t7qovjko0=h # .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh0=hfaj'djk;.ljxB,0Po0v'8qoD



{ 76lts5[dyf9tde.shoadIPo2a'8nj,D


{ 760Po9eo;orhv,c8h,glAo9eo;o0=hmu $ .ljdtfko c]t vtmy[kpdko0Po9eo;o

.lj .shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

{ 76 .shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k0Po9eo;o.lj .oglAo9eo;oz6h]t ! 9eo;oD

{ 76 c]t oadIPoz6hvnjorhv,dao8yf8k, c]t d;fcdh-j;pD

{ 76 lts5[dyf9tde.shoadIPo2a'8nj,vudgmnjv|bj'D


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko0=hmu & c]t * .oxB,c[[IPoD


{ 76 cotoe.shc8j]tdj5, cdh0=hfaj'djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv' dj5,]t ! 0=h X76deoqf

.sh?D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k, g[yj'c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tde c]t .sh7ecotoerhv,D

{ 76 .sh8k'|hkdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh\6j2a'D

{ 76 c]t \6jgrnjvo rhv,dao8yf8k, c]t d;fcdh-j;pD


0D dko7eo;o0D dko7eo;o0D dko7eo;o0D dko7eo;o0D dko7eo;o


{ 76 djkp8k8t]k'0=h ! .ljdtfko c]h;vtmy[kp8q;1jk'muj,u16j.o8k8t]k'oAo.sh

oadIPo2a'D

{ 76 .shoadIPo vklklt\advvd,k0Po8nj,.lj8k8t]k'muj;jk'z6h]t ! 8kD

{ 76 c]t oadIPoz6hvnjoM rhv,dao8yf8k, c]t d;fcdh-j;pD

{ 76 lts5[dyf9tde.shoadIPo2a'8nj,D

ສ.ວ.ສ


107


{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko0=hmu @ c]t # .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5, 8k,7;k,g\ktlq,0v'shv'IPoD

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]tdj5,cdh0=hfaj'djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv' dj5,]t ! 0=h X76de

oqf.sh?D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5, xt8y[afdyf9tde c]t .sh7ecotoerhv,D

{ .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5, gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh\6j2a'D


{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[ dyf9tde c]t -q,g-updj5,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv'fuD


{ 76 djkp[A'g]d16j0=hmu $ .ljdtfko c]h;vtmy[kp;ymu-vdsk9eo;omuj0kfskp

wx.shoadIPo2a'D

{ 76 .shoadIPovklklt\advvd,k7yfw]j c]h;8nj,8q;g]d.lj[jvo9Eg,afz6h]t !

[A'16jdtfkoD




{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo vjko[qf39f0=hmu & c]t * .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76 vjko[qf39ffaj'djk;.shoadIPo2a'8nj,vud !{@ gmnjvF rhv,vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v'39foAo

.shoadIPog0Qk.98nj,D

{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]tdj5,cdh39ffaj'djk; .ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv' dj5,]t ! 0=h X76de

oqf.sh?D

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5, xt8y[afdyf9tde c]t .sh7ecotoerhv,D

{ 76 .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5, gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|u.shdj5,vnjo2a'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPoz6hvnjo rhv,dao8yf8k,D



{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo cdh39f0=hmu ( .ljxB,0Po0v'8qogv'D


ສ.ວ.ສ


108




la'gdf9kdG

{ dkovjkoF 0Po c]t 7yfw]j9eo;o0v'oadIPo4nd8k,c8j]tsadg]d sn [+L

{ dkoxP[mP[9eo;o c]t dkocdh39f[aosk4nd8hv' sn [+L

{ dkoxt8y[afc8j]tdyf9tde oadIPo,u7;k,lqo.98+[qfIPo c]t ,u7;k,lk,ad7udao

.odkoxt8y[afdyf9tdedj5, sn [+L

{ 7tcoomujc8j]t7qowfhIa[wfh7kf\kp|hvp{s^kpxko.fL

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu @) @) @) @) @) m;o7no g]0k7toyf c]t dko;afcmdm;o7no g]0k7toyf c]t dko;afcmdm;o7no g]0k7toyf c]t dko;afcmdm;o7no g]0k7toyf c]t dko;afcmdm;o7no g]0k7toyf c]t dko;afcmd

g;]k @ -qj;3,'


{ .shoadIPolk,kf [vd-njI6[ g]0k7toyfmuj'jkpfkpg-ajo G I6[lujc9lkdF I6[9t85]afF

I6[lk,c9 c]t I6[;q',qowfhD

{ I6hoe.-h[aomaf grnjv;afcmd];'pk;0v'lyj'0v'8jk'Mwfh


dko[vd-njI6[ g]0k7toyfmuj'jkpfkp S dko[vd|hkF 9v, S ]jP, 0v'I6[da[lkd S

dhvolkd c]t I6[mkfsjP,F dko;afcmdlyj'0v'8jk'M 3fp.-h[aomaf S dkocdh39f

[aoskdjP;da[];'pk;D


I6[g]0k7toyf8jk'MF xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD#



{ 76 pqdI6[g]0k7toyf mujwfhdtdP,,k.shoadIPog[yj'rhv,[vd-njc8j]tI6[.shoadIPo2a'D

{ 76c8h,I6[0=hmu ! .ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj'D

ສ.ວ.ສ


109

{ 76 .shoadIPo vklklt\advvd,kgmnjv]t7qo grnjvoa[g[yj';jk,uI6[lk,c9ma'\qf

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{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la'gdf0=h @ c]t # .oxB,c[[IPoD


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ສ.ວ.ສ


121

{ 76 cotoe.shoadIPo c8j]t7qodjkpgvqk.97;k,16j.oxB,c[[IPo .ljxB,0Po0v'

8qogv'D


{ 76 0uf8k8t]k'[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! c]t @ .ljdtfkoD

{ 76 .shoadIPovklklt\ad0Bowx7yfw]jg]d.lj8k8t]k'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPo z6hvnjorhv,dao8yf8k,D

{ 76 lts65[dko7yfw]jg]d0v'oadIPo c]t vtmy[kp7noD



{ 76 .shoadIPo c8j]tdj5,cdhg]d.o[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu # c]t $ 3fp.shc8j]tdj5,cdhhg]d

]q[gxao[A' @ [A' c]t g]d]q[c[[ovo @ [A' X];, $ [A'?D


{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qo cdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu &S *S ( c]t ) .ljxB,8qoD



{ 76d;f.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj'D

{ 76 .shoadIPocdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu _ 16j[hkoD


la'gdf9kdG

{ dko7yfw]j c]t 0Pog]d]q[[+,u9njF g]d]q[,u9njwfh4nd8hv' sn [L

{ dkoxt8y[afdyf9tdegxaodj5,0v'oadIPo ,u[aopkdkf c]t 7;k,lk,ad7u |hvpskp

xko.fL

{ dkocdh[qfg/ydsaf0v'oadIPo wfh7tcoo8k,7kf\kpmuj;k'w;hlje.fL

ສ.ວ.ສ


122

[qfmu ##[qfmu ##[qfmu ##[qfmu ##[qfmu ## m;o7nodko[;d c]t dko]q[m;o7nodko[;d c]t dko]q[m;o7nodko[;d c]t dko]q[m;o7nodko[;d c]t dko]q[m;o7nodko[;d c]t dko]q[

g;]k $ -qj;3,’


.shoadIPolk,kf

{ 7yfw]jg]d[;dF g]d]q[F -vdsk8q;8A’]q[F 8q;]q[ c]t zqo]q[g,njv

I6hlv’.olk,9eo;ooAoD

{ cdh39f[aosk 3fpoe.-hdko[;d c][t I6hxP[mP[ lv'zqo[;dwfhD


oe.-hdko[;dF dko]q[F g0Qk.odko7yfw]jSxP[mP[lv’zqo[;doedao c]t dko

cdh39f[aoskD


xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD #F



{ 76djkp0=h!0v’dko[;d.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj’ rhv,vtmy[kpdjP;da[;ymudko[;d

g]d8nj,D

{ 76.shoadIPozafxjPodaovklklt\advvd,kcdhg]d1j6dtfko.sh\j6g[yj’zh6]t ! [A’D


{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tde c]t 0Po.ljdtfkoD



{ 76.shoadIPoc8j]td5j,cdh0h= # 0v’dko[;d.ljg9hp[aombd0v’d5j,8qogv’D

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tde c]t .sh7ecotoewxrhv,D



{ 76c]toadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tde c]t -q,g-upd5j,mujgIafwfh4nd8hv’fuD

ສ.ວ.ສ


123


{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh0h= @ c]t 0=h $ 0v’dko[;d.ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’

zh6]t ! 0h= X76deoqf.sh?D





{ 76djkp0=h & 0v’dko[;d.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj’D

{ 76.shoadIPozafxjPodaovjko39fc8j]t[A’.o0=h & oAo.sh\j62a’D

{ 76vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’39fc8j]t[A’.shoadIPo2a’rhv,ma’cdh39foAo.shoadIPo

g[yj’8nj,D

{ 764k,oadIPo;jk G 0=h.f[+c,jo39f[aoskdjP;da[dko[;d X8v[0=h ’?D




{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh0h= * 0v’dko[;d.ljg9hp[aombd0v’d5j,8qogv’

dj5,]t # [A’ X76deoqf.sh?D






{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh0h= ( 0v’dko[;d.ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’D





{ 760Po0=h ! 0v’dko]q[.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj’D

{ 76.shoadIPozafxjPodaovklklt\advvd,kg]nvd8A’[A’g]dmuj760Pow;h1j6dtfko c]t

ສ.ວ.ສ


124

fegouodkocdhzh6]t ! [A’D

{ 76c]toadIPozh6vnjorhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj’D

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tde.ljdtfkoD



{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]td5j,cdh0h= @ c]t 0h= # 0v’dko]q[.ljg9hp[aombd0v’d5j,

8qogv’dj5,]t # [A’ X76deoqf.sh?D




{ 7 6c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tde c]t -q,g-upd5j,mujgIafwfh4nd8hv’fuD


{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh0h= $ 0v’dko[;d.ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’zh6]t @ [A’

X76deoqf.sh?D




{ 76deoqf.sh0=h & 0v'dko]q[ gxao;Pd[hkoD


la’gdf9kdG

{ dko7yfw]jg]d[;dF g]d]q[F -vdsk8q;8A’]q[F 8q;]q[ c]t zqo]q[S dkocdh39f[aosk

3fpoe.-hdko[;dF dkoxP[mP[lv’zqo[;doadIPogIafwfh4nd8hv’sn [+L

{ dkoxt8y[afc8j]tdyf9tdeoadIPogvqk.9.ljsn[+L

{ 7tcoomujoadIPowfhIa[wfh8k,]tfa[7kf\kps^kpF |hvplje.fL

ສ.ວ.ສ


125

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu #$#$#$#$#$ g8adoyddko]q[g8adoyddko]q[g8adoyddko]q[g8adoyddko]q[g8adoyddko]q[

g;]k $ -qj;3,’


.shoadIPolk,kfG

{ .-hg8adoydvao’jkpfkpgrnjvsk7;k,s5fsnjodao0v’@9eo;oD

{ .shoadIPo[vdzqo]q[0v’ @ 9eo;owfDh


{ g8adoyddko]q[c[[dt9kpD

{ g8adoyddko]q[c[[8nj,g0QkD

{ g8adoyddko]q[vvd9qog4y’ WD

{ g8adoyddkog8Ao8k,glAo9eo;oD

{ dko]q[c[[8A’gxao[A’D

IIIDDDDD l n jdkoIPodkolvoln jdkoIPodkolvoln jdkoIPodkolvoln jdkoIPodkolvoln jdkoIPodkolvo

{ xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD #D

IVDDDDD d yf9tdedkoIPodkolvodyf9tdedkoIPodkolvodyf9tdedkoIPodkolvodyf9tdedkoIPodkolvodyf9tdedkoIPodkolvo


{ 76gvqk39f’jkpM.shoadIPo7yfc]h;8v[faj’oUG

T okp76,u\kddhP’*|j;pgvqk.shok’,k]u#|j;p\kddhP’okp76pa’9ad|j;pL

{ .shoadIPo7yf.o.9D

{ .shoadIPolt\ad8v[D

{ zh6.f8v[4nd76d=phv’p=-q,g-upfaj’7e8v[G 6 3 3 D


{ 76.shoadIPovjkoc]tla’gdfdyf9tde0=hmu ! c]h;oe.-h8q;1jk’oAogIaf[A’1j6muj0hk’

0;k,n3fpgvqkc[[1jk’-hkp,noAoD

{ 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5j,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]td5j,gIaf.lj.[]kp’komuj76dP,.sh.odyf9tde0=hmu !D

{ 768yf8k,g[yj’c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeIj;,daoD

ສ.ວ.ສ


126

{ 76rkoadIPolts5[ 8k,8q;1jk'D

785 = 700 + 80 + 5 674 = 600 + 70 + 4

111 = 100 + 10 + 1

{ 76.shc8j]td5j,ltg|ud5j,]tg8adoyd Xd5j,]t[A’? .ljdtfko.spj.sh\6j.oshv’wfhgsao

faj’]5j,oUG

dj55,mu ! cdhG g8adoyddko]q[c[[dt9kpG 785 674 111

{ 76rkoadIPolts5[G c,jodkodt9kpc[[c8j]tsadc]h;9bj’]q[D

dj55,mu @ cdh Gdj55,mu @ cdh Gdj55,mu @ cdh Gdj55,mu @ cdh Gdj55,mu @ cdh G

g8adoyddko]q[c[[8nj,g0QkG 629 359 270

{ 76rkoadIPolts5[G c,jodko8nj,sq;|j;p.shgxao4h;oly[F 8jn,.ljsadly[.shgxao4h;o

Ihvp dko]q[9bj’9t’jkpD

dj55,mu # cdhG

154 36

30

120

4

30

4

2 2

118 0 118

150 32

2

629 359

360630

+ 1 + 1

+140 +140

770 500 = 270

ສ.ວ.ສ


127

dj55,mu $ cdhdj55,mu $ cdhdj55,mu $ cdhdj55,mu $ cdhdj55,mu $ cdh G G G G G g8adoyddko]q[vvd _ G

{ 76rkoadIPolts5[ G dkogvqk9eo;o.f|bj’]q[.sh _ gIqkgvqk9eo;oAo]q[ !W c]h;

gvqk[;d.sh ! dko]q[g]d9t’jkpD

{ 76rkoadIPod;fcdh1j6dtfkogmnjv]tg8adoyd9kdoAo76rklts^5[;ymugIaf0v’c8j]t

g8adoydfaj’mujlt s5[w;h.oc8j]tg8adoyd.shgxaosaddkoD

{ 4hkoadIPo[+g0Qk.976d=rkoadIPogIafg]doAo7novud3fppqd8q;1jk’vnjoD


{ 76.shoadIPovjkodyf9tde0=hmu @ .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 764k,oadIPogryjo.shgIafspa’L X.shoe.-hg8adoyd8jk’M.o0=hmu ! ,koe.-h.o0=hmu @?D

{ 76cotoe1j6.oI6[xkc8j]t38oAogryjogIafgxao[A’c8j.shgvqk9eo;ogxao[A’oAo,kgIaf gxao

c8j]tg8adoydmujdeoqf.shoAoD


{ .shc8j]td5j,oe.-hd5j,]t ! g8adoydD

{ 76.shc8j]td5j,ltg|ugmnjv]td5j,F d5j,]t # [A’3fpoe.-hg8adoydmujdeoqf.sh.ljdtfko.spjD

{ 76rkd;fcdhgmnjv]tg8adoydfaj’]5j,oUG

dj55,mu ! cdhdj55,mu ! cdhdj55,mu ! cdhdj55,mu ! cdhdj55,mu ! cdh G g8adoyddko]q[c[[8nj,g0Qk

546 9 (546 10) 1 537

782 9 (782 10) 1 773

sn 546 9 537

sn 782 9 773

828 720

908 800 108

80

6 6

80

822 714 108893 784 109

899 790

10

909 800 109

6

10

6

785 667 118

788 670

30 30

818 700 118

3 3

ສ.ວ.ສ


128

dj55,mu @G dj55,mu @G dj55,mu @G dj55,mu @G dj55,mu @G oe.-hg8adoyddko]q[9qog4y’ WDDDDD

dj55,mu #dj55,mu #dj55,mu #dj55,mu #dj55,mu # oe.-hg8adoyddko]q[vvd _D

396 9 (396 10) 1 387 ; 384 9 (384 10) 1 375

276 9 (276 10) 1 267

dj55,mu $dj55,mu $dj55,mu $dj55,mu $dj55,mu $ oe.-hg8adoyddko]q[c[[dt9kpD

598 326 272 678 362 316

598 500 90 8

326 300 20 6

272 200 70 2

483 400 80 3

372 300 70 2

111 100 10 1

678 600 70 8

362 300 60 2

316 300 10 6

655 436 219

655 436

619 400

219 0 219

1

400 400

5 5

650 431

30 30

620 401

1

483 372 111

575 346 229

575 346

529 300

229 0 229

1

300 300

5 5

570 341

40 40

530 301

1

454 235 219

454 235

419 200

219 0 219

1 1

200 200

4 4

450 231

30 30

420 201

ສ.ວ.ສ


129

dj55,mu & dj55,mu & dj55,mu & dj55,mu & dj55,mu & oe.-hg8adoyddko]q[c[[8A’gxao[A’D

335

125

210

oadIPo-kp gmjqkoU7qo

335 125 = 210

8v[8v[8v[8v[8v[ = 210

8A’g]d 7evtmy[kp

zadltsafpa’1j6.ol;o

gmjqkoU8Qo

555 339 = 216

8v[8v[8v[8v[8v[ = 216

8A’g]d 7evtmy[kp

555

339

216

0=hmu * 0=hmu (

456

228

228

384

286

098

563

244

319

{ 76 c]t oadIPorkdaolts5[dyf9tde0h=mu @D


{ 76rkoadIPolts^5[c8j]tg8adoyd8k,.97;k,.oxB,c[[IPo3fpoerkoadIPo

xt8y[af.shg0Qk.9 .oc8j ]t;ymufaj’lts5[w;h]5j,oAoD


{ 76.shoadIPovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! g4y’0=hmu $D

{ 9kdoAo764k,gryjo.shgIafspa’L X.shoe.-hg8adoydc8j]t1jk’.o9eo;o $ 1jk’]q[g]d

c8j 0=h mu ! g4y’0=hmu $?D

{ 76c[j’d5j,3fpgvqk38tfP;daogxao ! d5j,D

{ .shc8j]td5j,]q[g]d.o0=hmu ! g4y’0=hmu $ c8jgvqkd5j,]t[A’.sh7q[ $ ;ymu3fp76deoqf.shgrnjv

.sh7q[m5dM[A’D

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tde grnjvcotoe c]t -j;pgsnvD

{ 76.shc8j]td5j,ltg|u;ymu0v’8qogv’cdh.ljdtfkoD

{ 76c]toadIPoIj;,daod;fc]tlts5[[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! g4y’0=hmu $D


{ 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qogIaf[qfg/ydsaf.lj0=hmu &F *F ( xB,0v’8qogv’D

{ 76lts5[dkocdhh39f0=hmu * c]t 0h=mu ( faj’]5j,oUG

ສ.ວ.ສ


130


la’gdf9kdG

{ dkogIafdyf9tde3fpoe.-hc8j]tg8adoydg0Qk.odko]q[g]dD

{ dkooe.-hc8j]tg8adoyddko]q[g0Qk.odkocdh[qfg/ydsaf0v’oadIPoD

{ 7;k,g0Qk.90v’oadIPodjP;da[dkooe.-hc8j]tg8adoyd.odkogIafg]dD

{ dkogIaf;Pdgxaod5j,c]tcdh[qfg/ydsaffh;p8qogv’0v’oadIPoD

[qfmu #&[qfmu #&[qfmu #&[qfmu #&[qfmu #& g;]kF ;aoF ;aomug;]kF ;aoF ;aomug;]kF ;aoF ;aomug;]kF ;aoF ;aomug;]kF ;aoF ;aomu

g;]k $ -qj;3,’


.shoadIPolk,kfG

{ vjko3,’,ug0a,F c8h,g0a,3,’8k,g;]kmujdeoqfc]txjPo-qj;3,’,kgxaookmuF xjPo

okmu,kgxao-qj;3,'wfhD

{ vjkoc]t8v[7e4k,3fpoe.-hxt8ymyowfhD


{ vjkoc]t0Pog;]k.o3,’muj,ug0a,F 8v[7e4k,3fpvu’.ljg;]kF ;aoF ;aomuF gfnvo c]t

xuD


{ 3,’9e]v’F 3,’cmh X4hk,u?F xt8ymyoF xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD #D



{ 76ltcf’3,’9e]v’.shoadIPog[yj’rhv,ma’vtmy[kp[k’95fle7ao.o3,’oAo.sh

oadIPo2a’gxao 8Qoc,jo8q;g]dmuj1j6|hk3,’F g0a,-U[vd3,’F g0a,-U[vdokmuDDD

{ 76xyjog0a,wxgmnjv]t|hvpc]h;d=vtmy[kpg;]kwxrhv,grnjv.shoadIPowfhg0Qk.9 djP;da[

g0a,3,’ c]t g0a,okmuD

ສ.ວ.ສ


131

{ 760Po.ljdtfkofaj’oUG ( 3,’ @W okmuS !W 3,’ WW okmuS !@ 3,’ !& okmuS DDD

{ .shoadIPozafxjPodaovklklt\advvd,kxyjog0a,3,’c]tg0a,okmu.shdq’da[g;]k

muj0Pow;h1j6dt fkozh6]t ! 0=hD

{ 768yf8k,g[yj’ 4hkgsaozh6.f[+g0Qk.9xyjosnxyjo[+4nd76d=xjPo.shzh6vnjovvd,k xyjocmo9qowfh

7e8v[muj4nd8hv’9bj’ln[8+0=h8+wxD

{ 760Po.ljdtfkofaj’oUG

dG DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD3,’DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDokmuS 0G DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD3,’DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDokmuS

7G DDDDDDDDDDDDDDD3,’DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDokmuS ’G DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD3,’DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDokmuS

9G DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD3,’DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDokmuS lG DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD3,’DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDokmuS

{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qola’gdfI6[3,’.o0=hmu ! c]h;vklklt\advvd,k

0Pog;]k.lj[jvo9E g,af1j6dtfko Xvvd,kgmnjv]t7qo?D


{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tderhv,0Po.ljdtfkoD


{ 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! 9kdoAo76d=vjko[qfg/ydsaf oAo.shoadIPo2a’

vudgmnjv|bj’D

{ 768A’7e4k,grnjv4k,oadIPofaj’oUG [qfg/ydsafoUg;Qkg4y’spa’L [qfg/ysafoU4k,

g4y’spa’cfjL X.shoadIPo8v[wxgmnjv]t7e4k,?D


{ 76.shoadIPoc8j]td5j,cdh[qfg/ydsaffaj’djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v’d5j,8qogv’3fpvjkog;]k

.o8k8t]k’ .oxB,c[[IPoc]h;8v[7e4k,D

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tde 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf76-j;pcot

oe8nj,D

{ .sh8k’|hkc8j]td5j,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfkorhv,oeltg|u.sh\6j2a’D

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,dao8yf8k,dkoltg|u0v’8k’|hkc8j]td5j,D



{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0h=mu @ c]h;76vjko[qfg/ydsafoAo7nogmnjv|bj’

rhv,vtmy[kp.shoadIPo2a’8nj,D

ສ.ວ.ສ


132

{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffaj’djk;zh6]t & [A’ X76deoqf.sh?D

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v’oadIPoD




{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko0h=mu @ 0v’dyf9tdeD

{ 76c8h,I6[3,’.ljdtfko ) |j;pc8j[+c8h,g0a,.lj X7n0=h @?D

{ 76.shoadIPozafxjPodaovklklt\advvd,kc8h,g0a,3,’.lj1j6dtfkozh6]t ! |j;pD



{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0h=mu # .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76vjko[qfg/ydsaffaj’djk;.shoadIPo2a’vudgmnjv|bj’rhv,vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’[qfg/ydsaf

oAo .shoadIPo2a’8nj,D


{ 76.shoadIPoc8j]td5j,cdh0h= # 0v’dko[;d.ljg9hp[aombd0v’d5j,8qogv’3fpvjko

c]t la’gdf0=h,6o.o8k8t]k’c]h;9af]Po8k,]efa[zh6-totc8jmu ! skmu * 8k,

g;]kmujc8j]t7qo.-h.odkoc0j’0aoD

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tde 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.976d=-j;pcotoe8nj,D



{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tde c]t -q,g-upd5j,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv’fuD


{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0h=mu & .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffaj’djk;.ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’D

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’dkoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD




{ 76gvqkxt8ymyomujwfhdP,,kwxshvp.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj’D

ສ.ວ.ສ


133

{ 76vtmy[kpc8j]tvao1j6.oxt8ymyooAo.shoadIPo2a’D

{ 76.shoadIPola’gdfc]tvjko0=hmu # 0v’dyf9tdec]h;76.shoadIPovklklt\ad

8v[7e4k,c8j]t0=hc8j d sk ’D

{ 768yf8k,g[yj’dko8v[7e4k,0v’vklklt\adc8j]t7qoD

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdec]h;0Po.ljdtfko.shoadIPo9qfdjkpgvqk

.97;k,faj’oUG

{ ! xuc,jog;]kxt,komuj|j;p3]dwfhxyjovhv,8kg;ao7q[|bj’Iv[r=fu ! xu= #*& ;ao

da[ * -qj;3,’D

{ .om5dw]pt $ xu.fgxaoxu <vtmydt,kf< ,u #** ;aoD

{ ! ;aoc,jog;]kmuj|j;p3]dxyjovhv,8q;,aogv’7q[Iv[|bj’Iv[r=fuG

! ;ao = @$ -qj;3,’S ! -qj;3,’= *W okmuD

{ ;aomu[vd]efa[0v’;ao.ogfnvo|bj’D

{ gIqkltcf’;aomufaj’oUG W$ }!W }@WW*

;aomu gfnvo xu


{ 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0h=mu $ .oxB,c[[IPoD


{ 76.shc8j]td5j,8v[[qfg/ydsaffaj’djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v’d5j,8qogv’D

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tde 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.976-j;pcotoe8nj,D

{ .sh8k’|hkc8j]td5j,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfkorhv, oeltg|uzqo’ko0v’

d5j,8qo.sh\6j2a’D


{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tde c]t -q,g-upd5j,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv’D


{ 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0h=mu * c]t 0=hmu ( .oxB,c[[IPoD

{ 76vjko[qfg/ydsafma’lv’.shoadIPo2a’vudgmnjv|bj’rhv,vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’[qfg/ydsaf

oAo.shoadIPo2a’D

{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffaj’djk;.ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’D

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v’oadIPoc8j]t7qoD

ສ.ວ.ສ


134




la’gdf9kdG

{ dkovjko3,’muj,ug0a,F dkoc8h,g0a,3,’8k,g;]kmujdeoqf.shF dkoxjPo-qj;3,’,k

gxaookmuF xjPookmugxao-qj;3,’ c]t dkooe.-hxt8ymyogrnjv8v[7e4k,0v’oadIPo

gIafwfhsn[+LD

{ la’gdfdkoxt8y[afc8j]tdyf9tdeoadIPo,u7;k,lqo.9F shk;sao.odkoxt8y[af

sn[+LD

{ la’gdf7tcoomujoadIPowfhIa[wfh8k,7kf\kps^kpF |hvplje.fL

ສ.ວ.ສ


135

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu #* #* #* #* #* I6[lk,c9 c]t I6[lujc9lkdI6[lk,c9 c]t I6[lujc9lkdI6[lk,c9 c]t I6[lujc9lkdI6[lk,c9 c]t I6[lujc9lkdI6[lk,c9 c]t I6[lujc9lkd

g;]k @ -qj;3,’


.shoadIPolk,kfG

{ oe.-hw,hfU;xtdv[.shgxaoI6[lk,c9wfhD

{ rao]tokc]tc8h,I6[lk,c9Flujc9lkdF9t85]afwfh4nd8hv’D


I6[lk,c9c,joI6[muj,ulk,0hk’c]tlk,,5,F I6[lujc9c,joI6[muj,uluj0hk’ c]tluj,5,D


xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD #F w,hfY;D



{ 76ltg|uw,hfU; $ -5f.shoadIPog[yj’D

{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0h=mu !D

{ 76.shoadIPovklklt\advvd,kxtdv[w,h.shwfhI6[lk,c9zh6]t ! I6[ X$ 7qo? g,njv

xtdv[c]h; .shoadIPo[vd;jkI6[mujxtdv[wfhoAogxaoI6[lk,c9xtgrf.f 4hkoadIPo

[+wfh76c]t\6j.oshv'-j;p8nj,.shwfh7e8v[I6[ d c,jolk,c9ltg\u I6[ 0 gxaolk,c9

mjP’I6[ 7 lk,c9mqj;wxF I6[ ’ c,joI6[lk,c9lkdD

{ 76xtdv[w,hgxaoI6[lk,c9.shoadIPog[yj’vudgmnjv|bj’c]h;vtmy[kp.shoadIPo

I6h9adxtgrf0v’I6[lk,c9ma’lujxtgrfD

{ 76.shoadIPola’gdfI6[.o0=hmu @ c]h;.shoadIPo8v[7e4k,D

{ 76lts5[dko8v[0v’oadIPo c]t cotoe8nj,vudD



{ 76.shc8j]td5j,cdh[qfg/ydsaf0h=mu ! .ljg9hpD

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tde 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf76-j;pcot

oe8nj,D

ສ.ວ.ສ


136

{ .sh8k’|hkc8j]td5j,0Bo]kp’ko1j6dtfkoD


{ 76lts5[gxao[qfIPo.shoadIPo9qfdjkp.ljxB,8qoD

8q;1jk’G8q;1jk’G8q;1jk’G8q;1jk’G8q;1jk’G

dyf9tdemudyf9tdemudyf9tdemudyf9tdemudyf9tdemu #

{ 76.shoadIPocdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @ c]t # .ljxB,8qogv'D

{ 76d;fF fafcx’c]t.sh7tcooD

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0hk'gmqjkdaoF ,u0hk'|bj'ohvpd;jk\6j c8j]t,5,gxao,5,cs^,D


la’gdf9kdG

{ dkooe.-hw,hxtdv[gxaoI6[lk,c9wfh sn [+L

{ dkoraomtok c]t c8h,I6[lk,c9F lujc9F 9t85]afwfh4nd8hv’sn[+L

{ dkogIaf;Pdgxaodj5,0v'oadIPo,u[aopkdkfc]t7;k,lk,ad7u|hvp{skp xko.fL

{ 7tcoomujoadIPowfhIa[.odkocdh[qfg/ydsafwfh7kf\kpmuj768A’w;h |hvpF s^kp

xko.fL

9eo;oI6[lk,c9 12

9eo;olujc9lkd 4

9eo;oI6[9t85]af 5

ສ.ວ.ສ


137

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu #( #( #( #( #( ,5,,5,,5,,5,,5,

g;]k @ -qj;3,’


.shoadIPolk,kf9ecod,5,lkdF ,5,cs^, c]t ,5,s;kwfhD


,5,lkdS ,5,cs^,S ,5,s;kD


[aomafcmd,5,F xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD #D



{ 76 .shoadIPo\qfm5d7qovjko c]t la'gdf,5,.o dyf9tde0=hmu !D

{ 764k,gryjo.shgIafspa'L X.shla'gdfI6[ c]h;8v[7e4k,?D

{ 764k,.shoadIPo8v[faj'oUG

T ,5,.f gxao,5,lkd16j.oI6[ X!?L ,5, dD

T ,5,.fgxao,5,cs^,16j.oI6[ X@?L ,5, d c]t ,5, 0D

T ,5,.fgxao,5,s;k16j.oI6[ X#?L ,5, dD

{ 9kdoAo 76d=.-hw,h[aomafcmd,5, c]h;;afcmd,5, c]t cotoeoadIPowxrhv,D


{ 76 .shoadIPovjko c]t la'gdfI6[.o dyf9tde0=hmu @D

{ 764k,gryjo.shgIafspa'L X.shla'gdfc]h;8v[7e4k,?D


{ .shc8j]tdj5,8v[7e4k, .odyf9tde-=hmu @ .ljg9hp[aombd0v'dj5,8qogv'D

{ .og;]koadIPogIaf;Pddj5,16joAo 76g]ktd;fdk c]t 8yf8k,wxrhv,D

{ 76 .sh8k'|hkc8j]tdj5, 0Po8v[16jdtfko dj5,]t ! 7e4k, faj'7e8v[]j5,oUD

T .oI6[ ,uma'\qf $ ,5,D

T ,5, 7 gxao ,5,s;kD

ສ.ວ.ສ


138

T ,5, 0 gxao,5,cs^,

T ,u,5,lkd @ ,5, 7n ,5, d c]t ,5, 'D

{ 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;f c]t lts5[ dyf9tde 3fp76oerk.-h[aomaf grnjv;af

cmd,5,D


{ 76 oerkoadIPolts5[8k,.97;k,0v'[qfIPo 3fp8A' 7e4k, G

T ,5,lkd ,u7jkgmqjkda[9advq'lkL 090

T ,5,cs^,,u7jkgmqjkda[9advq'lkL |hvpd;jk 090

T ,5,s;k,u7jkgmqjkda[9advq'lkL s^kpd;jk 090

{ .shoadIPo9qfgvqk.97;k,.ljxB,[qfIPoD


{ .shoadIPogIaf[qfg/ydsaf0=h !F 0=h @F 0=h # .ljxB,0v'.z]k;D

{ sa'9kdoAo 76gda[d;f.sh7tcooD

{ .shz6hmujgIafwfhfu wxd;fz6h]t0=h.ljdtfkofaj']j5,oUG

7e8v[[qfg/ydsaf0=h ! 7e8v[[qfg/ydsaf0=h ! 7e8v[[qfg/ydsaf0=h ! 7e8v[[qfg/ydsaf0=h ! 7e8v[[qfg/ydsaf0=h ! G

T 16j.oI6[[qfg/ydsaf0=h ! ,u ( ,5,D

T ,u,5,s;k ! ,5,D

T ,u,5,lkd # ,5,D

T ,y,5,cs^, # ,5,D

7e8v[[qfg/ydsaf 0=h @7e8v[[qfg/ydsaf 0=h @7e8v[[qfg/ydsaf 0=h @7e8v[[qfg/ydsaf 0=h @7e8v[[qfg/ydsaf 0=h @G I6[ ! gxao,5,lkdS I6[ @ gxao,5,cs^,

I6[ # gxao,5,s;kD

{ sa'9kdoAo 76d=Ij;,daod;f[qfg/ydsaf c]t lts5[[qfg/ydsafIj;,daoD


la'gdf9kdG

{ dkocmd,5,0v'oadIPoD

{ dko8v[7e4k,0v'oadIPoD

{ 7;k,lqo.9 c]t gvqk.9.lj0v'oadIPoD

{ 7tcoo0v'oadIPoD

ສ.ວ.ສ


139

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu #) #) #) #) #) dkogda[de0=h,6odkogda[de0=h,6odkogda[de0=h,6odkogda[de0=h,6odkogda[de0=h,6o

g;]k @ -qj;3,’


.shoadIPolk,kfG vjko0=h,6o9kd39f[aoskmuj.sh,kc]h;cdh39foAowfh1jk’4nd8hv’D


gda[de0=h,6o9kddkovjkoxhkp]kpdkog7njv’fbj,9kd|a’lnry,;P’9ao.\j|hkmu! c]t

dkovjko0=h,6o.o8k8t]k’D


|a’lnry,;P’9ao.\j|hkmu ! Xxu.fd=wfh?F 8k8t]k’]kpdkog7njv’fnj,0=hmu ! 0v’dyf9tdeF



dyf9tdemu !!!!!

{ 76gvqk8k8t]k’]kpdkog7njv’fnj,0=hmu ! 0v’dyf9tdemujwfhdtdP,,kc8j[hkowx

shvp.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj’D

{ 76rkoadIPovjko]kpdkog7njv’fnj,.o8k8t]k’oAowxgmnjv]t-toyf9kdoAo764k,

oadIPo;jk G g7njv’fnj,ma’\qf,u9ad-toyfF g7njv’fnj,-toyf.f]k7kcr’d;jk\j6

c]t -toyf.f]k7k4ndd;jk\6jD

{ 76.shoadIPozafxjPodaovklklt\advvdwxvjko]kpdkog7njv’fnj,.sh\6j2a’xt,ko

#{$ 7qoD

{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko0h=mu ! 0v’dyf9tderhv,la’gdfI6[Ihkodkg2D

{ 768A’7e4k,grnjv.shoadIPo8v[c]h;76[aombd.ljdtfkow;hD

8q;1jk’8q;1jk’8q;1jk’8q;1jk’8q;1jk’G

]kpdkog7njv’fnj,1j6.oIhkooU,uspa’cfjL c8j]tvao]k7kgmqjk.fL

8v[G ,uma’\qf * -toyfFc8j]t-toyf,u]k7kfaj’oUG

!? dkg2 ! 9vd ! &WW du[

@? 3v;ao8yo ! 9vd @ WWW du[

#? cx[-u ! cdh; @ WWW du[

ສ.ວ.ສ


140

$? -kg1ao ! 9vd !WWWdu[

&? oE\kdw,h ! 9vd #WWWdu[

*? oE\kdrhk; ! 9vd @WWWdu[

{ 764k,vud;jk1j6.oIhkodkg2,uma’\qf9ad38tL 38tmu ! laj’spa’L 38tmu @ laj’spa’L

38tmu # laj’spa’L c]t 38tmu $ laj’spa’L

{ 76.shoadIPozafxjPodaovklklt\ad8v[wxc8j]t7e4k, 4hkoadIPo[+g0Qk.976

d=-j;pcotoeoadIPo8nj,D

{ 76.shoadIPovjko7e4k,c8j]t0h= d sk0=h ’ c]h;vklklt\ad8v[c8j]t7e4k,wx

{ g,njvoadIPo8v[4nd76[aombd7e8v[.ljdtfkow;hD

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tdeF rhv,0Po.97;k,.ljdtfko.shoadIPo9qfdjkp

gvqkfaj’oUG

{ .odkocdh39f[aoskgIqk8hv’I6hgda[de0=h,6oF I6h9af9ao0=h,6ooAoc]tI6hg]nvdg2Ao0=h,6o

8k,7e4k,muj4k,g4y’D


{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0h=mu ! rhv,la’gdfg[yj’I6[\a’lnry,

;P’9ao.\j.o |hkmu ! c]t 7jk9v’c]h;vjko7e4k,c8j]t0=h d sk0=h ’D

{ 764k,oadIPo;jkG 39foUg;Qkg4y’spa’L X\a’lnry,c]t7jk9v’? ,u9ad7e4k,L c8j]t

7e4k, g;Qkco;.fL

{ 76.shoadIPozafxjPodaovklklt\advvd,kvjko39f0=hmu ! .sh\6j2a’xt,ko @{# 7qo

{ 76vjko39f.shoadIPo2a’vudgmnjv|bj’rhv,ma’vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’39foAo.shoadIPo

2a’8nj,D


{ 76cotoe.shc8j]td5j,8v[7e4k,0v’39foAo.ljg9hp[aombd0v’dj5,8qogv’D

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf76-j;p

cotoe8nj,D


{ 76c]toadIPorhv,dao8yf8k,g[yj’dkoltg|u0v’8k’|hkd5j,D

{ 76c]toadIPorhv,daolts5[dyf9tdec]t-q,g-upd5j,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv’fuD

ສ.ວ.ສ


141


{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko39f0h=mu @ .oxB,c[[IPo rhv,la’gdfg[yj’

8k8t]k’0=h,6o0v’]u’c-,xa’g- c]t ]u’d=iuD

{ 76vjko39f0=hmu @ rhv,vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’39foAo.shoadIPo2a’vudgmnjv|bj’D

{ 76cotoe.shc8j]t7qo8v[7e4k,0v’39foAo.ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’3fp0Po7e;jk

zyfsn4nd.ljc8j]t7e4k,D

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf76-j;p cotoe

8nj,D




la’gdf9kdG

{ dkovjko0=h,6o9kd39fc]tdkocdh39f0v’oadIPowfh4nd8hv’sn[+L

{ dkoxt8y[afdyf9tded5j,oadIPo,u7;k,shk;saoc]t,u7;k,lk,ad7udaosn[+L

{ 7tcoomujoadIPoc8j]t7qowfhIa[wfh7kf\kps^kp|hvpxko.fL

ສ.ວ.ສ


142

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu #_#_#_#_#_ dko0v[0Ao9eo;o c]t mt;u76odko0v[0Ao9eo;o c]t mt;u76odko0v[0Ao9eo;o c]t mt;u76odko0v[0Ao9eo;o c]t mt;u76odko0v[0Ao9eo;o c]t mt;u76o

g;]k @ -qj;3,’


.shoadIPolk,kf oe.-hdko0v[0Ao c]t mt;u76o grnjv-vdskzqoskoD


dko0v[0Ao9eo;o c]t mt;u76oD





{ 76 .shoadIPovjkodyf9tde0=hmu ! rhv,la'gdf 9kdoAo 76.shoadIPo0Po8nj,.lj[jvo

9Eg,af 3fp0Pomt;u76oD

0=h ! dD 4 1 4 9qoIvf 600=h ! 0 7 1 7 9qoIvf 7 11 770=h ! 7 76 rkoadIPog;Qk c]t 0Po.ljdtfko 8k,0=h ! 7D 9kdoAo 76d=gvqk8q;1jk'

9eo;ovnjovud c8jgvqkmt;u76o0v' ( g-ajoG -vdsk9eo;o &W 8k,mt;u76o

0v' (D

&W 16j]ts;jk' $_ da[ &* grkt;jk &W s^kpd;jk $_ c]t |hvpd;jk &*D

gIqk0PowfhG 49<50<56 grkt;jk 7 7 50 7 8 76d=gIafmeov'oU 9ad @{#

8q;1jk'.shoadIPog0Qk.9D

{ 9kdoAo 76oerkoadIPolts5[ dyf9tde0=hmu !


{ 76.shoadIPovjko c]t la'gdf8q;1jk'.o0=h @S 0=h #F 0=h $D

{ 764k, gryjo.shgIafspa'L X.shla'gdf8q;1jk'c]h; 0Po8nj,.lj[jvo9Eg,af?D

{ 76c[j'oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

{ .shoadIPoc8j]tdj5, -j;pdaogIafdyf9tde 0=h @F 0=h #F 0=h $D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeD

{ 9kdoAo .shc8j]tdj5,zafxjPodaovvdwxltg|u7e8v[.odyf9tdefaj'7e8v[]j5,oUG

ສ.ວ.ສ


143

0=h @D 0D

0=h @D 7D

0=h #0=h #0=h #0=h #0=h #

0=h $0=h $0=h $0=h $0=h $

{ 76 oerkoadIPod;fcdh c]t lts5[dyf9tde 0=h @S 0=h #S 0=h $D


{ 76 oerkoadIPolts5[8k,.97;k, 3fp76gxao7qo4k, .omt;u76o0v' $ 76oda[spa'

9bj'vvd !* .shoadIPog;Qk 760Po.ljdtfkoD 764k,vud gvqk 16:4 ... ? .shoadIPo

8v[ c]h;0Po.ljdtfko 8k,.97;k,gxaorhv,D


{ .shoadIPoc8j]t7qogIaf[qfg/ydsaf0=h ! .ljxB,0v'8qogv'D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'D

{ .shc8j]t7qo,kltg|uz6h]t9eo;o.ljdtfko faj'7e8v[D

20 = (6 × 3) + 2 ; 85 = (20 × 4) + 5, 102 = (50 × 2) + 2 ;

325 = (100 × 3) + 25 ; 455 = (100 × 4) + 55 ; 623 = (100 × 6) + 23.

{ 76d;f.sh7tcooD


{ .shoadIPola'gdf c]t vjko[qfg/ydsaf0=h @D

{ 764k, gryjo8hv'dko.shgIafspa'L X.sh0v[0Ao?D


{ .shc8j]tdj5, -j;pdaogIaf[qfg/ydsaf0=h @D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj' grnjv-j;pgsnvdj5,muj[+saog0Qk.9D

329 sko.sh 25

25 10 327 25 20

327 (25 13) 2

220 sko.sh 12 724 sko.sh 30

8 × 3 < 27 < 8 × 4 ; 8 × 4 < 32 < 8 × 5

8 × 5 < 43 < 8 × 6 ; 8 × 6 < 50 < 8 × 7 ; 8 × 7 < 60 < 8 × 8

100 × 3 < 320 < 100 × 4 ; 100 4 < 456 < 100 × 5

100 × 5 < 512 < 100 × 6 ; 100 6 < 675 < 100 × 7

9 × 4 < 40 < 9 × 5 ; 9 × 5 < 52 < 9 × 6

9 × 6 < 58 < 9 × 7 ; 9 × 7 < 70 < 9 × 8 ; 9 × 9 < 82 < 9 × 10 ;

30 20 724 30 30

724 (30 24) 4

12 10 220 12 20

220 (12 13) 4

ສ.ວ.ສ


144

{ sa'9kdc8j]tdj5,c]h;M 76 .shoadIPowxltg|u16jdtfkoD

dj5, ! 0=h @ d F dj5, @ 0=h @ 0F dj5, # 0=h @ 7D

faj'7e8v[ G

0=h @ dD

4 × 6 < 27 < 4 × 7 ; 4 × 8 < 33 < 4 × 9

4 × 3 < 13 < 4 × 4 ; 4 × 4 < 18 < 4 × 5

0=h @ 0D

7 × 3 < 25 < 7 × 4 ; 7 × 4 < 32 < 7 × 5

7 × 5 < 40 < 7 × 6 ; 7 × 8 < 60 < 7 × 9

0=h @ 7D

9 × 3 < 29 < 9 × 4 ; 9 × 5 < 47 < 9 × 6

9 × 7 < 65 < 9 × 8 ; 9 × 8 < 73 < 9 × 9



{ 76 .shoadIPoc8j]t7qogIaf[qfg/ydsaf 0=h #F 0=h $F 0=h &F 0=h * c8j]t7qocdh z6h]t @ 0=h

X 76deoqf.sh ?D

{ 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj'oadIPo grnjv-j;pgsnvD

{ 76 gda[xB,d;f.sh7tcooD

7e8v[[qfg/ydsaf 0=h #

42 ÷ 10

4 × 10 < 42 < 4 × 20

42 = (10 × 4) + 2

832 ÷ 100

100 × 8 < 832 < 100 × 9

832 = (100 × 8) + 32

7e8v[[qfg/ydsaf 0=h $

360 : 30 12 da[

7e8v[[qfg/ydsaf 0=h &

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90dD V 10

ສ.ວ.ສ


145

63:5

223:100

813:100

85 : 3

78 :10

g]dsko 0v[0Ao d;f7nozqosko

5 10 63 5 20

100 2 223 100 3

100 8 813 100 9

3 20 85 3 30

10 7 7 78 10 8

65 (5 12) 3

223 (100 2) 23

813 (100 8) 13

85 (3 28) 1

78 = (7 10)+8

7e8v[[qfg/ydsaf 0=hmu *

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

77D

1007D

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169

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· 76jj,n76 7toyflkf-Aoxt4q, xumu # IP[IP’3fp G lu,5’75o ;q’9exk XlD;Dl? s5,rao xD lts;affu...

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Transcript of · 76jj,n76 7toyflkf-Aoxt4q, xumu # IP[IP’3fp G lu,5’75o ;q’9exk XlD;Dl? s5,rao xD lts;affu...