Shui

R

110

Chenzhou

GanzhouTao J iang

Fuqing Putian Longyan LichengQinglanshan Xiuyu

Xi ao

an g

Chuxiong

Daojiang Guilin

120 Haitan Dao21 T6

T4-Y5 T2T3

ong Jiang

Chinese claim

South China SeaClaimed Straight BaselinesCHINA21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Kunming

Ji an np Na

XingyiN

Changan

Sha Lung

Chi-lungshih

an p

LechenganJia ng

Quanzhou Shaoguanang

22

T'ao-yan

T7 T8

Keelung

Taipei

T1

Zhongshu Yuxi

Hechi

Han Ji

Jian g

ChinaClaims in the Paracel and Spratly Islands31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 21 27.7' 00" N 19 58.5' 00" N 19 53.0' 00" N 18 39.7' 00" N 18 39.4' 00" N 18 26.1' 00" N 18 23.0' 00" N 18 11.0' 00" N 18 11.0' 00" N 18 09.5' 00" N 112 21.5' 00" E 111 16.4' 00" E 111 12.8' 00" E 110 29.6' 00" E 110 29.1' 00" E 110 08.4' 00" E 110 03.0' 00" E 109 42.1' 00" E 109 41.8' 00" E 109 34.4' 00" E 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 18 14.6' 00" N 18 19.3' 00" N 18 30.2' 00" N 18 30.4' 00" N 18 31.0' 00" N 18 31.1' 00" N 18 50.5' 00" N 19 11.6' 00" N 19 21.1' 00" N 109 07.6' 00" E 108 57.1' 00" E 108 41.3' 00" E 108 41.1' 00" E 108 40.6' 00" E 108 40.5' 00" E 108 37.3' 00" E 108 36.0' 00" E 108 38.6' 00" E

LiuzhouLiu Jiang

Babu Yingchengng

Zhangzhou Meizhouia gJ

XiamenQuemoy Taichung23

Hsin-chushih Suao

Lo-tungT21 T20

T22

Yonagunijima

SA

KI

SH

IM

A-

SH

O

TO

MIYAKO-RETTO

I

S

*

Ln)

A

N

D

S

Bei

Maritime LinesEstablished maritime boundary Claim line Bruneian continental shelf claim Chinese(series of 9 dashes; the 10th dash shown on map is outside of the South China Sea)

Kaiyuan Xicheng Kaihua SimaoHa Giangn SogB

BoseTropic of Cancer

Declaration of the Peoples Republic of China on the Baseline of the Territorial Sea, May 15, 199625 25.8' 00" N 24 58.6' 00" N 24 09.7' 00" N 23 31.9' 00" N 23 12.9' 00" N 23 12.3' 00" N 22 56.1' 00" N 22 18.9' 00" N 21 48.5' 00" N 21 34.1' 00" N 119 56.3' 00" E 119 28.7' 00" E 118 14.2' 00" E 117 41.3' 00" E 117 14.9' 00" E 117 13.9' 00" E 116 29.7' 00" E 115 07.5' 00" E 113 58.0' 00" E 112 47.9' 00" E

Yo uJ

iang

i hu gs Hon

H

e

Fuxing

Sui'anDongshan

Taiwan StraitT9

YAEYAMA-RETTO

BRUNEI

While Bandar Seri Begawan has not articulated claims to reefs in the South China Sea (SCS), since 1985 the Sultanate has claimed a continental shelf that extends beyond these features to a hypothetical median with Vietnam. Malaysia contends Bruneis maritime limit stops at the 100-fathom isobath from the coast based on 1958 UK Orders in Council. Chinas and Taiwans claimed areas in the SCS include the seaward extension of Bruneis maritime claim. China (including Taiwan), Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam do not accept Bruneis claims.

ia ng

PingnanXun

Qingyuan WuzhouXi Jian g

n Do

Mai-Liao Makung

T'aichung-shih

Hua-lien

Heyuan

Chaozhou Jieyang Puning Shanwei Lufeng

PESCADORES

Ta i wa nChia-i T'ai-nan T'aiP'ing- tung tungL TaoT19

R YTropic of Cancer

U

K

Y

a U ap (Ja

n

se

sh i-

o

to

T

r

e

n

c

h

Xinjing

Luxu

Guiping Guigangn Jia Yu

an QiJ

Jiang

Shantou Guangzhou FoshanZhongshan

Chaozhou

24

DongguanHuangpu Nansha

T10T11 T12

Hsi-y-ping YT13

N

Cao Bangan gG

NanningZuo

g

Zhaoqing Lingcheng Yulin Bobai Xinyi

HuizhouHaichengShanwei Guangdong Terminal

Huicheng27

25-26

Liu-chiu Y

Anping Yun-an Tsoying Ta-Lin-Pu

1979 Malaysian continental shelf limit Philippine (Kalayaan) Hypothethical equidistant line Malaysian-Vietnamese joint CLCS (Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf) southern submission 200-nautical-mile arc drawn from undisputed territory 12-nautical-mile line Spratly Islands12-nautical-mile line(Under UNCLOS, states are entitled to claim 12-nm territorial seas from any and all of their sovereign and/or claimed territory.)

Sa PaR ed

ian

g

n Jia

g

Jiangmen Changsha Gaozhou Maoming Yangjiang

Shiqi ShenzhenShekou Yantian

Huizhou

T18

Kao-hsiungT14

ng ko Me

MALAYSIA

Pingxiang

ZhuhaiMacauSpecial Administrative Region30 29

Malaysia has not formally claimed and specied a system of baselines in the Baselines Maritime Zones Act ratied in 2007 but baselines were apparently drawn to determine Malaysias territorial sea limits, which are shown on ofcial maps.

QinzhouPhongsali

Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region

28

Liu-chiu Y Lan YMao-pi Tou T15 O-luan Pi T16T17

Bla c

PARACEL ISLANDS (claimed by CHINA and VIETNAM)Declaration on Chinese-claimed straight baselines, May 15, 19961 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 16 40' 30" N 16 40' 06" N 16 39' 48" N 16 04' 24" N 16 01' 54" N 16 01' 30" N 16 01' 30" N 15 46' 30" N 15 46' 24" N 15 46' 24" N 112 44' 12" E 112 44' 30" E 112 44' 42" E 112 35' 48" E 112 32' 42" E 112 31' 48" E 112 24' 48" E 111 12' 36" E 111 12' 06" E 111 11' 48" E 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 15 46' 30" N 15 46' 42" N 15 46' 54" N 15 47' 12" N 17 04' 54" N 17 05' 24" N 17 05' 42" N 17 06' 00" N 17 06' 30" N 17 07' 00" N 111 11' 36" E 111 11' 24" E 111 11' 18" E 111 11' 24" E 111 26' 54" E 111 26' 54" E 111 27' 12" E 111 27' 48" E 111 29' 12" E 111 31' 00" E 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 17 07' 06" N 17 06' 54" N 16 59' 54" N 16 59' 42" N 16 59' 24" N 16 58' 24" N 16 57' 36" N 16 56' 54" N 111 31' 36" E 111 32' 00" E 112 14' 42" E 112 15' 36" E 112 16' 36" E 112 18' 18" E 112 19' 36" E 112 20' 30" E

CHINA

TAIWANT1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9

Law on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone of the Republic of China, January 21, 199825 00.60' 00" N 25 28.80' 00" N 25 29.00' 00" N 25 37.50' 00" N 25 37.80' 00" N 25 17.70' 00" N 25 04.20' 00" N 25 00.55' 00" N 23 47.20' 00" N 122 00.00' 00" E 122 05.80' 00" E 122 05.80' 00" E 122 04.50' 00" E 122 03.90' 00" E 121 30.40' 00" E 121 05.40' 00" E 121 00.65' 00" E 119 32.00' 00" E T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 T15 T16 T17 T18 23 24.80' 00" N 23 24.00' 00" N 23 19.50' 00" N 23 12.00' 00" N 22 19.10' 00" N 21 45.45' 00" N 21 56.70' 00" N 21 57.00' 00" N 22 41.00' 00" N 119 18.70' 00" E 119 18.20' 00" E 119 18.80' 00" E 119 24.40' 00" E 120 20.90' 00" E 120 48.90' 00" E 121 36.10' 00" E 121 37.10' 00" E 121 31.00' 00" E T19 T20 T21 T22 D1 D2 D3 D4 23 29.20' 00" N 24 28.70' 00" N 24 35.90' 00" N 24 49.90' 00" N 20 46.16' 00" N 20 44.16' 00" N 20 41.92' 00" N 20 35.78' 00" N 121 30.53' 00" E 121 51.10' 00" E 121 53.70' 00" E 121 57.30' 00" E 116 45.45' 00" E 116 42.13' 00" E 116 41.30' 00" E 116 44.80' 00" E

ek on g

Beijing refers to the Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands, Pratas Island, and Scarborough Reef as Nansha Qundao, Xisha Qundao, Dongsha Qundao, and Huangyan Dao, respectively, claiming these as well as all surfacing and undersea features within nine dashes drawn on Chinese SCS maps. China treats Scarborough Reef, also claimed by the Philippines, as part of partially drying Macclesfield Bank (Zhongsha Qundao). China adopted the nine dashes from Kuomintang maps drawn in 1947, resulting in Taiwans claims coinciding largely with Chinas. China considers the area within the dashes to be part of Hainan Province and has referred to the maritime space therein as Chinese territorial waters, an undefined term that does not appear to conform to standard maritime regimes permitted under international law. Chinese archeologists assert the islands in the SCS were the ancient site of fishing and merchant activities and Chinese records note naval expeditions into the South China Sea during the Han Dynasty in A.D. 110 and the Ming Dynasty from 1403-1433. China contends the 1887 Sino-French Convention allocated all features to China east of 10803E. China occupies several of the Spratly Islands and completed seizure of all the Paracel Islands from Vietnam in 1974. Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam dispute Chinas claims.

Yen Bai

Thai Nguyen

So

ng Ky Cun g

Fangcheng

Lianzhou Beihai Wuchuan Zhanjiang LeizhouLeizhou Bandao

Son La

Ch

HaiphongDoan Xa

Ha Long

QUAN DAO CO TOWeizhou 10-3

Donghai DaoNaozhou Dao Panyu 4-2/5-1

Xijiang 30-2D1

in es e

Louang Namtha

HANOI

Hon Gai

Cam Pha

Dao Vnh Thuc

Shuidong

31

Munin

cla im

k

Hailing Dao

Shangchuan Dao Xijiang 23-1

Lufeng Terminal Huizhou Terminal

Bashi Channel99101 1

Weizhou Dao

YAmi Island

Itbayat Island98

20

23

Straight baseline turning pointNote: The United States Government does not accept the validity of most of these straight and archipelagic baseline segments. China includes Pratas Island and Paracel Islands in its straight baseline claims; rendering of these baseline points does not denote acceptance or substantiation of these claims.

Dao Bach Long Vi

nd ar y

Straight baseline

Xam Nua Louangphrabang

QUAN DAO LONG CHAU

Liuhua Terminal

D2 D3

M

D4

a

Nam Dinh

XuchengHainan StraitMacun

Pratas Island

Luzon Strait

BATAN ISLANDSBatan Island

Son

BascoSabtang Island 202

g

LaosMMuang Phn-Hng Muang Pakxan Ban Nape

Thanh Hoana

m

e es

m iti ar m

e

u bo

Haikou32 33

Balintang ChannelSaint Esprit Shoal Helen ShoalBabuyan Island Calayan Island

Yangpu

Wenchang49 48

Vi et

ine se -

Hon Me

Ch

Qionghai Dongfang HainanBasuo

Danzhou

Qinglan

Wenchang

97

m

Populated PlacesMore than 1 mi lli on 100,000 to 1,000,000 25,000 to 100,000 Fewer than 25,000 National capital

VinhNghe Tinh

cla i

Hon Mat

VIETNAMA1 A2 A3 A4

Declaration of the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, November 12, 198209 15.0' 00" N 08 22.8' 00" N 08 37.8' 00" N 08 38.9' 00" N 103 27.0' 00" E 104 52.4' 00" E 106 37.5' 00" E 106 40.3' 00" E A5 A6 A7 A8 08 39.7' 00" N 09 58.0' 00" N 12 39.0' 00" N 12 53.8' 00" N 106 42.1' 00" E 109 05.0' 00" E 109 28.0' 00" E 109 27.2' 00" E A9 A10 A11 13 54.0' 00" N 15 23.1' 00" N 17 10.0' 00" N 109 21.0' 00" E 109 09.0' 00" E 107 20.6' 00" E

MALAYSIA

Claimed Archipelagic Straight BaselinesINDONESIA1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 01 14' 27" N 01 02' 52" N 02 18' 00" N 02 44' 29" N 03 05' 32" N 03 19' 52" N 03 27' 04" N 04 04' 01" N 04 31' 09" N 04 42' 25" N 04 47' 38" N 04 47' 45" N 04 00' 48" N 03 01' 51" N 02 38' 43" N

Regulation No. 38, June 28, 2002104 34' 32" E 104 49' 50" E 105 35' 47" E 105 22' 46" E 105 35' 00" E 105 57' 04" E 106 16' 08" E 107 26' 09" E 107 43' 17" E 107 54' 20" E 108 00' 39" E 108 01' 19" E 108 25' 04" E 108 54' 52" E 109 10' 04" E 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 02 05' 10" N 04 10' 00" N 04 08' 03" N 04 06' 12" N 03 27' 57" N 02 15' 12" N 01 46' 53" N 00 59' 55" N 01 20' 16" N 01 22' 40" N 01 22' 41" N 01 18' 48" N 01 08' 17" N 01 02' 52" N 01 09' 29" N 109 38' 43" E 118 53' 50" E 118 53' 01" E 118 38' 02" E 117 52' 41" E 118 38' 41" E 119 02' 26" E 120 12' 50" E 120 47' 31" E 120 53' 04" E 120 53' 07" E 121 26' 36" E 122 25' 47" E 123 06' 45" E 124 20' 38" E 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 01 45' 47" N 02 44' 15" N 04 14' 06" N 04 40' 16" N 04 44' 14" N 04 44' 25" N 04 44' 46" N 05 34' 02" N 05 33' 57" N 04 46' 18" N 04 45' 39" N 04 38' 38" N 04 37' 36" N 03 45' 13" N 124 43' 51" E 125 09' 28" E 125 18' 59" E 125 25' 41" E 125 28' 42" E 125 28' 56" E 125 29' 24" E 126 34' 54" E 126 35' 29" E 127 08' 32" E 127 08' 44" E 127 09' 49" E 127 09' 53" E 126 51' 06" E

Approximate shipping lane Naval base Port facilityA port is named after its attributable city unless otherwise labeled

23-28

Cag ayan

Kuala Lumpur drew its continental shelf claim in the Spratly Islands in 1979 to include five islands which Malaysia occupies plus others occupied or controlled by the Philippines and Vietnam. It constructed Layang Layang Resort on Swallow (Layang) Reef. As part of their joint submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) in May 2009, Malaysia and Vietnam defined 200-nm EEZ limits extending from mainland baseline claims, with both states ignoring, but not renouncing, any overlapping jurisdictional effects of the Spratly Islands. Brunei, China (including Taiwan), the Philippines, and Vietnam do not accept Malaysias claims.

VIENTIANEUdon ThaniSakon NakhonNakhon Phanom

4346 42 41

Chin ese

Gulf of TonkinMui Ron

Dao3435

Dalapuri Island Fuga Island

BABUYAN ISLANDSCamiguin IslandSan Vicente

47

Babuyan Channel Camilo Osias/ AparriPort Irene3 Iligan Point

96 Claveria 95 Cape Bojeador

Philippine Sea

Yulin

Sanya40 38-39

37

36

Laoag94 93

Vung Ang Dong Nai Hon Gio

Currimao

Thakhk

Dong HoiDao 112 Con Co A11

92

Vigan

Tuguegarao City

Shipping-Related FeaturesKhon KeanLam Nam Chi

113Chinese-Vietnamese hypothethical equidistant line

15-22

Palanan Point 8 9 10

4-6 7

V i e t n a m c l a i m s t h e Pa r a c e l

Savannakhet

Woody Island

HueChan May

PA R ACE L ISL A N DS

1-3

Ernesto R.Ogbinar/ Poro Point Cape Bolinao

San Fernando

Mg on ek

Baguio

PHILIPPINES

Pa S a

Oil concession block112

Nam

Concession block number Oil and gas field Oilfield

Nakhon Ratchasima

Mae

Nam Mun

Ubon RatchathaniPakxeongl KDung Quat

8-14

Chinese claim

Manila claimed Scarborough Reef as well as a large portion of the Spratly Islands as terra nullius during explorations in the SCS commencing in May 1956. It named the Spratly claim the Kalayaan (Freedom) Island Group and occupies several of the islands. It defines the Spratlys and Scarborough Reef as a special regime of islands distinct from the rest of the Philippine archipelago. China (including Taiwan), Malaysia, and Vietnam object to the Philippines claims.

8791 8586 84 83

Chaiyaphum

Lingayen Gulf

Lu z o nDagupan

Tarigit Point

11

Da NangSalavan

Energy-Related Featuresk

ThailandSurin

Hon La Cu Lao Cham

4

Chse ineclaim

7

5-6

Macclesfield Bank

Santa Cruz

TarlacMasinloc

Phi l i ppi n e sCabanatuan San FernandoBay

lan ly Is p rat and S

A10

Cu Lao Re

AngelesLeovigildo Gantioqui/ San Miguel

Mae

PHILIPPINES1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

Republic Act P522 to dene the archipelagic baselines of the Philippines, July 28, 200821 06' 57.73" N 19 57' 38.19" N 18 18' 35.30" N 17 07' 16.30" N 17 06' 14.79" N 17 05' 51.31" N 17 02' 36.91" N 16 53' 18.03" N 16 49' 56.11" N 16 47' 38.86" N 16 18' 44.33" N 14 29' 54.43" N 14 06' 29.91" N 14 06' 10.40" N 12 41' 06.37" N 12 36' 18.41" N 12 32' 33.62" N 12 31' 57.45" N 12 28' 36.42" N 12 27' 37.51" N 12 21' 41.64" N 12 17' 27.17" N 12 13' 21.95" N 12 11' 48.16" N 12 11' 20.67" N 12 06' 07.00" N 10 45' 16.70" N 09 49' 59.58" N 08 53' 16.62" N 08 13' 11.53" N 07 42' 45.02" N 07 29' 49.47" N 07 29' 16.93" N 07 28' 30.97" N 121 57' 27.71" E 122 09' 46.32" E 122 20' 19.07" E 122 31' 28.34" E 122 31' 43.84" E 122 31' 42.66" E 122 31' 03.28" E 122 27' 56.61" E 122 26' 50.78" E 122 26' 04.40" E 122 14' 16.69" E 122 57' 51.15" E 124 16' 59.21" E 124 17' 26.28" E 125 03' 53.71" E 125 08' 50.19" E 125 12' 59.70" E 125 13' 32.37" E 125 17' 12.32" E 125 18' 05.23" E 125 23' 07.41" E 125 27' 00.12" E 125 30' 19.47" E 125 31' 30.88" E 125 31' 48.29" E 125 34' 11.94" E 125 58' 08.78" E 126 10' 06.39" E 126 20' 48.81" E 126 28' 53.25" E 126 34' 29.03" E 126 35' 59.24" E 126 35' 59.50" E 126 35' 57.30" E 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 07 27' 29.42" N 07 17' 19.80" N 07 16' 14.43" N 06 17' 14.73" N 06 16' 08.35" N 05 23' 34.20" N 05 23' 21.80" N 05 21' 55.66" N 05 21' 58.48" N 05 22' 02.91" N 05 23' 20.18" N 06 09' 08.44" N 06 26' 47.22" N 06 02' 33.77" N 06 01' 08.15" N 06 00' 17.88" N 05 12' 08.70" N 04 47' 39.24" N 04 24' 53.84" N 04 25' 03.83" N 04 36' 09.01" N 04 42' 52.07" N 04 45' 55.25" N 04 47' 05.36" N 04 55' 10.45" N 05 02' 23.73" N 05 46' 35.15" N 06 05' 58.41" N 06 04' 14.08" N 06 11' 04.65" N 06 13' 39.90" N 06 17' 43.99" N 06 52' 14.53" N 07 30' 26.05" N 126 35' 51.71" E 126 36' 18.16" E 126 35' 57.20" E 126 12' 14.40" E 126 11' 35.06" E 125 28' 42.11" E 125 28' 19.59" E 125 25' 11.21" E 125 21' 52.03" E 125 20' 59.73" E 125 19' 44.29" E 124 15' 42.81" E 122 13' 34.50" E 121 56' 36.20" E 121 54' 41.45" E 121 53' 11.17" E 120 41' 38.14" E 119 51' 58.08" E 119 14' 50.71" E 119 14' 15.15" E 119 03' 22.75" E 119 01' 44.04" E 119 03' 15.19" E 119 05' 12.94" E 119 22' 01.30" E 119 44' 18.14" E 119 39' 51.77" E 118 26' 57.30" E 118 18' 33.33" E 118 06' 54.15" E 118 03' 52.09" E 118 00' 05.44" E 118 23' 40.49" E 117 18' 33.75" E 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 07 48' 30.69" N 07 51' 27.17" N 07 52' 19.86" N 07 54' 36.35" N 08 02' 00.26" N 08 11' 18.36" N 08 37' 56.37" N 08 44' 17.40" N 08 53' 32.20" N 09 02' 57.47" N 09 59' 22.54" N 11 13' 19.82" N 12 19' 35.22" N 13 53' 21.45" N 15 48' 43.61" N 15 57' 51.67" N 16 09' 57.90" N 16 10' 12.42" N 16 16' 34.46" N 16 17' 12.70" N 16 18' 29.49" N 16 19' 28.20" N 16 20' 04.38" N 17 34' 24.94" N 17 41' 17.56" N 17 55' 04.13" N 18 29' 32.42" N 18 30' 52.88" N 19 10' 14.78" N 20 43' 15.74" N 21 07' 17.47" N 21 07' 18.41" N 21 07' 12.04" N 116 59' 39.18" E 116 54' 17.19" E 116 53' 28.73" E 116 53' 16.64" E 116 54' 10.04" E 116 59' 51.87" E 117 15' 51.23" E 117 20' 39.37" E 117 28' 15.78" E 117 37' 38.88" E 118 36' 53.61" E 119 15' 17.74" E 119 50' 56.00" E 120 01' 05.86" E 119 46' 56.09" E 119 44' 55.32" E 119 45' 15.76" E 119 45' 11.95" E 119 46' 19.50" E 119 46' 28.52" E 119 46' 44.94" E 119 47' 07.69" E 119 47' 20.48" E 120 20' 33.36" E 120 21' 02.02" E 120 24' 40.56" E 120 33' 42.41" E 120 34' 55.35" E 121 12' 52.64" E 121 46' 57.80" E 121 56' 43.85" E 121 56' 48.79" E 121 57' 03.65" E

TAIWAN

Taipei, like Beijing, asserts historic sovereignty over all features drawn within the dashes originally shown on a map published by the Kuomintang government in 1947including the Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands, Pratas Island, and Scarborough Reef. Taiwan occupies several of the Spratly Islands and administers Pratas Island. Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam object to Taiwans coincident claims with China.

Gasfield Offshore terminal Floating (Production) Storage and Offloading unit (FPSO and FSO)Sriracha Habour

T

Vi e t n a mPleikuHon Trau

Scarborough Reef

n

Olongapo

Subic Bay Limay

nl T

San

SisophonStng Trng

Quy Nhon

Cu Lao ConiA9

Fiber-Optic Submarine Cables VIETNAMHanoi claims all of the Spratly and Paracel Islands. However, the extent of Vietnams territorial and maritime claims in the SCS has not been delimited in text or on maps. Vietnam considers the Spratly Islands an offshore district of Khanh Hoa Province and occupies several of them. China seized all of the Paracels in 1974. Like the Chinese, Vietnamese archeologists provide their own evidence to support a long historic presence on various SCS features. Hanoi claims that since France controlled both island groups beginning in the 1930s, Vietnam succeeded to those rights after independence. Brunei, China (including Taiwan), Malaysia, and the Philippines dispute Vietnams claims.

Tnl

Cu Lao Poulo Gambir

S

Batdmbng RayongChanthaburi

APCN C2C China-US EAC FLAG Guam-Philippines SeaMeWe TIS (Thailand-Indonesia-Singapore)Jasmine Venture Terminal

Cu Lao Ma Nha

Tonle SapPouthisat

CambodiaKrchhT

Tuy Hoa

tra i

Buon Ma Thuot

Mui Nay

A8

Dam Mon Hon Khoi

Vung RoA7

Ko Chang

Ch ines e cla

Krong Kah KongKo Kut Kaoh Kong

Kmpng Chhnang

Nha Trangong ek

Hon Cha LaVan Phong Bay Hon Tre

81

Mindoro StraitBusuanga Island

San Jose

Tabl as S

So u t h China Se aimNORTH DANGER REEF

Balanga ManilaMariveles

Quezon City MANILAJose Francisco/ Bonifacio

POLILLO ISLANDS

ds.Howe

Heracleo Alano/ Cavite

Calamba

82

Lubang Island

LUBANG ISLANDS

San Pablo Lucena Atimonan Lipa Pagbilao Batangos Santa Cruz

Lamon Bay

12 Jose Pangbaniban

CALAGUA ISLANDS

ve

th r,

Tandoc

13 14

e

exte n

DaetTinambac Virac Lagonoy Gulf

Catanduanes Island

f tothe

Ragay Gulf

Naga Legaspi

lai ir c

TabacoJulhasan A. Arasain/ Legazpi

t

p rk

been s not m had e l i m i te

Pinamalayan

Marinduque Burias Island

Mindoro

Sorsogon15 16 17-18 19-20 21 22 23 24-25 26

Romblon Island

ne pi ip il Ph

SibuyanMasbateSibuyan Island

Ticao Island

im

We st Pa ss

ala ya a

uy o

Note: The South China Sea is defined by the International Hydrographic Bureau as the body of water stretching in a southwest to northeast direction, whose southern limit is 3 South latitude between southern Sumatra and Kalimantan (Karimata Strait), and whose northern limit is the Taiwan Strait from the northern tip of Taiwan to the Fujian coast of China.0

Ch in

Scale 1: 5,100,0000 50 100 150 200 Benchamas Terminal 150 200 Tantawan Terminal

PHNOM PENHKmpng Sam Kmpt

cla

ese

Ea st Pa s

Cuy o

n) cl a

Kilometers50 100

Kaoh Rung Kaoh Rung Samlm Kaoh Pring

Statute Miles0 50 100 150 200 10

on g

Ph

Gulf of Thailand

ilip

Kaoh Tang

Dao Phu QuocQUAN DAO AN THOI

ek

e

Paracel Islands11100North Reef

Nautical MilesPlatong Terminal 11200North Island Middle Island South Island North Sand Middle Sand South Sand Rocky Island

QUAN DAO BA LUA

Long Xuyen Rach Gia

Long An

Can ThoM

Vung TauTe Giac Trang

Su Tu Vang Ruby Rang Dong 1

pin e

My Tho

(K

Chau Doc

Ho Chi Minh CityMy Thoi Phu My

Su Tu Den Terminal

C

Cu Lao Thu

LOAITA BANK Loaita Island

Subi Reef

West York Island Flat Island Nanshan Island

s

im

11300

QUAN DAO NAM DU Dao Tho ChuA1

Hon Rai

n

Ca MauHon Chuoi

a l S b

Kmpng Cham

M

Da Lat

Tablas Island

Cam RanhBa Ngoi

Masbate Island

CalbayogSamar Sea

d.

SeaRoxas City PanayAlfonso Palencia/ Guimaras

Samar

Tay Ninh

Phan RangThap Cham Phan Thiet

REED NARES BANK TABLEMOUNT

Linap aca n

Str ai

CALAMIAN GROUPt

Visayan SeaBantayan

Biliran Island

Tr

Malampaya Terminal80

TaclobanOrmoc LeyteIsabelDioscoro Papa/ Tacloban

ch en

Thu Dau Mot

Thitu Island

THITU REEFS

Taytay

CUYO ISLANDS

Iloilo

BacolodSan Carlos Pulupandan

Leyte Gulf

Suluan Island27

Itu Aba Island Gaven Reefs Discovery Great Reef Sin Cowe Island

129Julia ShoalA6

S P R AT LYTIZARD BANK79

RoxasCarlito Cunanan/ Ulugan Table Point

Dumaran Island

Guimaras Island

Cebu Toledo

Homonhon Island

Cebu City

Panay Gulf

MinglanillaCarcar

Rafael Ramos/ Mactan

Dinagat IslandSiargao Island

1028

Namyit Island Mischief Reef Bombay Shoal

Soc Trang Bac Lieu

NegrosApolinario Jalandoon/ Puerto Princesa

Chi Linh Terminal Chi Lang Terminal Vinashin

1700

Tree Island West Sand

Mo

ft so uth

h

Ba Vi Terminal Vietsovpetro Terminal

130Coronation Bank Fiery Cross Reef

UNION REEFS Johnson Reef South

Bohol Tagbilaran

Surigao

SIARGAO ISLANDS

Puerto Princesa

1700 Dido Bank Lincoln Island

Erawan Terminal

131

ISLANDSPigeon Reef Half Moon Shoal Commodore Reef INVESTIGATOR SHOAL

CAGAYAN ISLANDS

Bais

DumagueteSiquijor Island

Bohol SeaCamiguin Island Masao

Palawan78 77 76 75

South China Sea

AMPHITRITE GROUPIltis Bank

Woody Island

Mui Ca Mau

Con SonA5 A3 A4

LONDON REEFS Cuarteron Reef

Pearson Reef

Tubbataha Reefs

Spratly Islands110 12 1630

CRESCENT GROUPRobert Island Money Island

132Dai Hung Prince Consort Bank Prince of Wales Bank Spratly Island

1630

u

114

116

118 12

Bongkot Terminal

5-3 5-2Malaysian-Thai Joint Development AreaArmada Perkasa

Barque Canada Reef Amboyna Cay RIFLEMAN BANK

g

Quanfu Dao Pattle Island

Vie tnamCh

clai

Discovery Reef 1600 Passu Keah

Bombay Reef 1600

Ko Losin

Song Doc

Triton Island

Herald Bank 0 20

NORTH DANGER REEF North Northeast Cay Reef Southwest Cay South Reef

se

Charlotte Bank

Swallow Reef Royal Charlotte Reef

ARDASIER REEFS

Ch in es e

Marie Louise Bank

m

Scawfell Shoal

Rong Doi (MV 12)

cl

T

ai m

Cam Ranh

Yagong Dao Shi Yu Pyramid Observation Rock NEPTUNA Bank Xianshe Yu BANKS 112 Drummond Island Duncan Island Bremen JEHANGIRE Antelope Bank REEFS Reef Vuladdore Reef

Hon Khoai A2

1979 Malaysian-claimed continental shelf limit

h

Cape Buliluyan 74 73 72 70-71 69

Sulu SeaSibuguey BayRomulo M. Espaldon/ Zamboanga

ButuanNasipit

29

ese ry am da tn oun Vie b ai- me Th riti a m

Dipolog OroquietaIligan Bay

Ozamiz CityPagadianMargosatubio

Cagayan Iligan de Oro Marawi

Bislig

30

Mariveles Reef

r

o

Narciso Del Rosario/Balabac

Balabac Island

MindanaoIllana Bay

31

ine

Trident Shoal Lys Shoal Menzies Reef

REEDNARES BANK

VANGUARD BANK

Scale 1:2,500,00040 Kilometers

TABLEMOUNTTempler Bank Leslie Bank

Narathiwat

a im

11100

11200

0

20

40 Nautical Miles 803427AI (G02457) 1-10

Thai.Sandy Shoal

Kota BaharuPULAU PERHENTIAN Pulau Redang

Malaysian-Vietnamese Joint Economic Development Zone

aa

THITU REEFS Tiezhi Sandy Cay Jiao Thitu Island Loaita Cay Loaita Nan Loaita Island Itu Aba Island Sand Cay Subi Reef

n)

West York Island

cl

Bunga Kertis/ Lukut

19 79 co Mal ntin ay en sian tal sh -claim elf lim ed itAbu

Indon

esian-Vi

e maritime etnames

boundary

ed aim n-cl limit aysia elf Mal tal sh 1979ntinen co

Bru ne ia

P

a

l

a

w

a

n

Balabac Strait68

TagumPolloc

32-35 36-37

Pulau Balambangan Pulau Banggi Pulau Malawali Pulau Jambongan

CAGAYAN SULU ISLANDS67

Cotabato Zamboanga

DavaoFelix Apolinario/ Davao

Mati

Chinese

KudatPulau Mantanani Besar Pulau Mengalum Sepangar Bay Terminal

n

IsabelaPANGUTARAN GROUP

Moro Gulf

Digos

co nti ne nta lsNORTH LUCONIA SHOALS

Davao GulfCape San Agustin 38-39

Basilan Island47

claim

he lf

Louisa Reef

66

ou nd ary

Third Thomas Shoal Flat Island Nanshan Island

al

LOAITA BANK Lankiam Cay Petley Reef

(K

ar itim eb

p in

Baker ReefDickinson Reef Petch Reef

e

Bao Tan

Pennsylvania North Reef Wood Bank Lord Auckland Shoal

19 bo 58 un Bri da tis ry h

Irving Reef

Hopkins Reef

ay

Seahorse Shoal AMY DOUGLAS BANK Brown Reef

Dulang Terminal Cendor Terminal

Malaysian-Vietnamese joint CLCS southern submission

cla im

Kikeh Terminal

Teluk 64 Labuk

65

TURTLE ISLANDS63 62

SAMALES GROUPMagados Island61

TAPIANTANA GROUP48 49 50

Palimban Point 46

General Santos

Buck Reef Seahorse Breakers

WINCHESTER SHOALS

Pulau Tiga

Kota Kinabalu

Sandakan

Jolo IslandTa pa

Jolo

Kuala TerengganuFairie Queen

Siasian

Anoa Terminal

Pulau Labuan

Cu LaoThu

nes

Sou t h Chi na10

ian -M

Western Reef Discovery Great Reef

Eldad Reef Livock Reef

alay

Hoare Reef Deane Reef Hampson Reef

il ip

sia nm

Iroquois Reef Shinko Shoal

Ph

SOUTHERN REEFS Pennsylvania South Reef

Kuala Dungun

Pulau Tenggul Kerteh Terminal

Angsi

Kakap Natuna Marine Terminal10 9

11-12

Gaven Reefs

TIZARD BANK Namyit Island

Hopps Reef

JACKSON ATOLL

M a l ay s i aCarnatic Shoal

SOUTH LUCONIA SHOALS Stigant Reef

VictoriaLabuan

Kimanis Sabah Oil and Gas Terminal

Richmond Reef Comus Shoal Sierra Blanca

BANDAR SERI BEGAWANTutong SeriaLumut

MuaraTanjong Salirong

SABAH

Tanjung Labian

Tawi Tawi Island60

Pa ss

TAPUL GROUPag e51

Lahad Datu59

ALU

R

C

H

IP

E

L

A

G

O

Tinaca Point

Pulau Miangas 38-3940-41

SARANGANI ISLANDS43-45 42

Indonesian-Malaysian maritime boundar y

tu bu Si

Pulau Laut

Kuala Belait

Teluk Lahad Datu Kunak

57 56

58 55

Juan Magluyan/ Batu-Batu

as s

Bangar

ag 52 e

SU

35-37 34

40-41

KEPULAUAN NANUSA

P

42-43

ice Al

Ind o

LES CATWICK Julia Shoal

Discovery Cornwallis Small Reef Reef Kennan Reef

Holiday Whitsun Reef Reef Grierson Reef

SOUTHAMPTON REEFS Mischief Reef

Hardy Reef

Kampong KemamanSungai Pahang10

Belida Terminal

Belanak

Udang Natuna

8

MiriJames Shoal Madalene Shoal ELIZABETH SHOALS

Tawau

SempornaPulau Sebatik19

Pulau Ligitan 1718

l 53-54

SIBUTU GROUP

33

Pulau Karakelong

C

nn ha

e

KEPULAUAN TALAUD44

SeaCoronation Bank Fiery Cross Reef Maralie Reef Central Reef West Reef Spratly Island LONDON REEFS East Reef Cuarteron Reef Pearson Reef

UNION

Sin Cowe IslandLoveless Reef Collins Reef Johnson Reef

Lansdowne Reef Len Dao

Union Atoll / Sin Cowe East Island REEFSFancy Wreck Shoal

SABINA SHOAL

Lixin Jiao

Kuantan

Tanjung Gelang

13

KUALA LUMPURPort Klang

Pekan6 5

7

Pulau Natuna BesarPulau Matak

Second Thomas Shoal

se Chine

m clai

BruneiTarakan

Pulau Sipadan

Pulau Bunyu

Acis Shoal

S P R AT LY I S LA N D SPigeon Reef Alison Reef Cornwallis South Reef

Boxall Reef

Pian Jiao Investigator Northeast Shoal Royal Captain Shoal

Bombay Shoal

Petaling Jaya SerembanIn d m one Sungai Udang ar si itim an e -M bo al un aysi dar an y

Pulau Siantan

Pulau Tioman

KEPULAUANPulau Pemanggil4

Pulau Midai

Mersing

Half Moon Shoal

Palawan

Melaka Muar

Keluang Batu Pahat Kulai Johor BahruTanjung Pelepas

Pulau Aur Pulau Tinggi

Pulau Panjang

15

3

Pulau Serasan

Pulau Bruit

Dumai

Strait of MalaccaBengkalis

Pulau Murih

t la Se

S

asa er

n16 Tandjung Datu

SibuSarikei

ang Bat

j an Ra

g

Su ng ai Ka y

Alicia Annie Reef

First Thomas Shoal

Port Dickson

Pulau Jemaja

Pulau ANAMBAS Airabu

Segamat

KEPULAUAN NATUNA SELATAN

Pulau Subi

14 Tanjung Sirik

Bintulu

Mal ay si aS A R AWA Kan

20

Pulau Bunyu

ys ia n-cla

Celebes Seaimed continental she limit lf32

Pulau Sangihe Besar

Tanjungredep

Pulau Maratua

79 19M

a al

KEPULAUANPulau Siau

SANGIHE

Wanua Tagulandang21

Wanua Biaro31 22

Ladd Reef Jubilee Seamount

Sungaipakning

Tanjung Langsat1 Strait ore ap Pulau Sambu ng Pulau Si Pulau Bintan

Singapore2

KuchingKEPULAUAN TAMBELANPulau Lemukutan

ited .

1979 Malaysian-claimed continental shelf limitCommodore Reef Glasgow Bank

Director

elim

PhilippinesPandanan Island Bancalan Island Ramos Island Bugsuk Island Mantangule Island8

Lalang Terminal

SINGAPORESelat Panjang

B o r n e oSimanggangTanjung Mangkalihat

Manado24 25-26 Tanjung Binar 23 Tanjung Dondo

Bitung27 Tunggilio Dako 28 30 29

M

Halmahera

Sambas

BatamTanjung Uban

TanjungpinangKijang

Pulau Mapur

O

tb ee nd

as

Prince of Wales Bank8

Alexandra Bank Prince Consort Bank Grainger Bank VANGUARD BANK RIFLEMAN BANK Johnson Patch

Owen Shoal Bombay Castle

Lizzie Webber

Barque Canada Reef Mariveles Reef

Erica Reef

INVESTIGATOR Erjiao Jiao SHOALLangkou Jiao

Buatan

SingkawangKa

Ternate

Pekanbaru

KEPULAUAN RIAUKEPULAUAN BADASPulau Pengiki Besar

Xiantou Jiao

pu

K

A

L

I

M

A T A

Nai ng Su

GorontaloTanjung bara Sangatta Terminal

MoluccaEquator

L

no

ha s

Ardasier Breakers Gloucester Breakers

Balabac Island

m

Amboyna Cay

cl

19 7 co 9 M nti a ne lay nta sia l s n-c he la lf im lim ed it

he i

ne

Orleana Shoal

rc

Balabac Strait

nt of t

Dallas ReefArdasier Reef

Kingston Shoal

hi

ARDASIER REEFS

Swallow Reef

Paracel and Spratly Islands Occupation StatusChina Malaysia PhilippinesIslands, reefs, and shoals that have portions above water at high tide are labeled in dark green.

tan g

Taiwan Vietnam

Royal Charlotte Reef

Br

un

ei

ela sa

an

Air M us

co

m cla Vietna

ims

l ace Par t he

an

Isla tly pra dS

s. nd

Hari

Jambi

Teluk Sukadana

Sungai Barito

t r, ve we Ho

he

te ex

Pulau Balambangan

Pulau Banggi

KudatPulau Mantanani Besar

Malawali

19 co 79 nt Ma in la en y ta sia l s n-c he la lf im lim e it d Pulau

Sulu Sea

0

KEPULAUAN LINGGAPulau Lingga

Pulau Pejantan

Equator

Datu

Pontianak

Sanggau

Su

ng

ai

Bontangka m

Sintang

Teluk TominiKEPULAUAN TOGIANPantoloan

0

U

a ah M

la im

C

S u m at raBa

Terminal

Se Jabung lat

Pulau Singkep

IndonesiaMuaratewePanebangan Pulau Maya

Melak

Santan Terminal

SeaPulau Peling

se

ai

C

Samarinda

Berh alaKEPULAUAN TUJUH

Ampana

Palu BalikpapanLawe-Lawe Terminal Senipah Terminal Bekapi Terminal

Luwuk

CA

Poso

Pulau Banggai

Pulau Taliabu Pulau Mangole

Se

Pulau Jambongan

I n do n e si ai

PangkalpinangPangkalbalam

la

Pulau Karimata

t

Ketapang

Ka

BangkaPulau Liat

rim

iS

Palangkarayaam pit

at

Makassar StraitKEPULAUAN BALABALAGANTanjung Pemancingan

KEPULAUAN BANGGAITiaka Pulau Bangkurung

S

KEPULAUAN SULA KEPULAUAN BAWOKA

a ng Su

Su lawes i(Ce le b e s )PalopoSoroakoMangkasa Oil Terminal

Pulau Sanana

aPangkalanbuunTanjung Sambar

Sampit

4,000 meters

2000 meters

1000 meters

200 meters

en

ta

Louisa Reef

l

Pulau Mengalum

Scale 1: 2,700,0006 0 0 0 20 20 20 40 40 Nautical Miles 110 112 40 60 60 Statute Miles 60 80 100 80 100 80 100

sh

el

f

Saracen Bank

Pulau Gaya

M a l ay s i aKota Kinabalu

Teluk Labuk6

Lubuklinggau

PalembangPerabumulih

Sela tG

Water Depth

nt

Tanjungpandan Belitung

Ceram SeaNamlea

in

Pulau Lepar

I n d o n e s iaKendariPulau Wawonii

Banjarmasin BanjarbaruPulau Laut

Friendship Shoal Hardie Reef NORTH LUCONIA SHOALS Moody Reef Tripp Reef

Kilometers

cl

Aitken Reef Buck Reef

ai

Pulau Sebuku

m1958 British boundary

WINCHESTER SHOALS

Pulau Tiga

Sandakan

Pulau Baai

Bengkulu

Seahorse Breakers

114

116

118

Indian Ocean

Java SeaWiduri Marine Terminal 110

Parepare

Teluk Bone

Banda Sea

Pulau Buru

Pulau Buton120

Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative. Names in Vietnam are shown without diacritical marks.

803426AI (G02284) 1-10

803425AI (G02257) 1-10