7/5: Ch. 2 Fundamentals of IS What is a system? What is an information system?
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Transcript of 7/5: Ch. 2 Fundamentals of IS What is a system? What is an information system?
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7/5: Ch. 2 Fundamentals of IS
• What is a system?
• What is an information system?
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ENVIRONMENT
What is a system?
• define
• input/processing/output
• feedback & control
• environment
• open, adaptive systems
PROCESSINGINPUT OUTPUT
FEEDBACK &CONTROL
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What is an information system?
• people: end users & IS specialists
• data: databases, knowledge bases
• hardware: machines & media
• software: programs, procedures
• networks: media, support (inc. hardware, software, people, data)
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What are components of an IS?
• input: data entry
• processing: adding, comparing, sorting, classifying, summarizing, updating
• output: reports, displays
• storage: file type, media
• control: feedback, adjustments
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Information Quality
• Time– timeliness, currency, frequency, time period
• Content– accuracy, relevance, completeness, conciseness, scope
• Form– clarity, detail, order, presentation, media
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Small Groups• American General Insurance (p. 53)• Creative Computers (p. 69)• Jefferson State University (p. 72)• Office Products Corporation (p. 72)
• In each scenario, identify the people, data resources, hardware, software, and networks. Also, identify the information products.
• In each scenario, identify the input, processing, output, storage, and control activities.
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History of (Computer-based) IS• data processing (1950’s)
– record keeping, accounting, transaction processing
• management reporting (1960’s)– predefined reports
• decision support systems (1970’s)– on-the-fly managerial information
• end-user computing (1980’s)– executive information systems,
– expert systems, strategic information systems
• enterprise computing (1990’s)– networked all-of-the-above
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Types of IS
• Operations Support Systems– Transaction Processing Systems– Process Control Systems– Enterprise Collaboration Systems
• Managerial Support Systems– Management Information Systems– Decision Support Systems– Executive Information Systems
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OSS: Transaction Processing
• purchases
• sales
• inventory changes
• batch processing – do in bulk at one time
• realtime processing – do at the time of transaction– POS systems
image courtesy of http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/tpf/tpfhp.html
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OSS: Process Control Systems
• automatic triggers in system– inventory
replenishment– manufacturing
decisions (whichline to run)
image courtesy of http://www.ints.com/washtec.htm
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OSS: Enterprise Collaboration Systems
• Communication enhancements
• Resource sharing
• Coordination enhancements
• Virtual teams
• Groupware
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MSS: Management Information Systems
• ‘canned’ reports
• timing: 3 options– on demand– when limits are hit– periodically
image courtesy of http://www.ints.com/ws_reports.htm
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MSS: Decision Support Systems
• interactive
• ad hoc basis
• unstructured
• spreadsheets
image courtesy of http://rbac.com/index.htm
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MSS: Executive Information Systems
• for executives
• graphics-intensive
• easy to use
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Expert Systems
• knowledge-based information system
• computer-based expert that helps in– troubleshooting– what-if analysis– problem remediation
image courtesy of http://www.aiinc.ca/cgi-bin/acqweb.cgi
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Knowledge Management Systems
• a way to increase communication of information– Internet/intranets web sites– discussion groups– knowledge bases
image courtesy of http://www.ke.com.au/texpress/index.html
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Strategic Information Systems
• products or services that provide market edge