7.4 The Solar Systemsciencewithz.weebly.com/.../7.4_the_solar_system_1.pdfModels of the Solar System...
Transcript of 7.4 The Solar Systemsciencewithz.weebly.com/.../7.4_the_solar_system_1.pdfModels of the Solar System...
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7.4 The Solar System(Pages 291-296)
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Learning Goals
• I can differentiate between the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system.
• I can describe retrograde motion and explain why it happens.
• I can describe the properties of the inner planet and the outer planets.
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Models of the Solar System
• Geocentric model (geo means Earth) àEarth is the centre of all planetary motion, with the planets and the Sun travelling it in perfect circles
• Heliocentric model (helio means Sun) àSun is at the centre of the solar system and has the planets orbiting around it in perfect circles
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Thecurrentheliocentric (Sun-centered)modelofthesolarsystemwasfirstintroducedinthe1500sbyPolishastronomerNicolausCopernicus.
Previousmodelsofthesolarsystemweregeocentric(Earth-centered),originatingwiththeGreekastronomerPtolemy.
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The Planets
• Planet: an object that orbits one or more stars (and is not a star itself), is spherical, and does not share its orbit with another object
• Solar system: a group of planets that circle one or more stars
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The Planets
Image above shows relative size correctly, but not relative distance.
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Retrograde Motion
• Retrograde motion: the movement of an object in the sky, usually a planet, from east to west, rather than in its normal motion from west to east
• Produced when Earth catches up with and passes an outer planet in its orbit
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Retrograde Motion
Trythisflashanimationtolearnaboutretrogrademotion(bestviewedinFirefox):http://www.mytextbook.ca/product/9780070318618/itr/ppt/assets/OS9.PPT.U3.CH7.slide35.Retro_Nav.swf.html
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Distances between the Planets
• Astronomicalunit(AU):theaveragedistancebetweenEarthandtheSun– About150× 106 km
• Orbitalradius:theaveragedistancebetweentheSunandanobjectthatisorbitingtheSun
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Classifications of the Planets• Inner planets
– Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars– Called the terrestrial (Earth-like) planets– Relatively small, have solid cores and rocky crusts
• Outer planets– Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune– Formed from large clumps of gas, ice, and dust– Large gaseous bands and cold temperatures– Called gas giants
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Want to see the distance between planets?
http://lasp.colorado.edu/education/outerplanets/orbit_simulator/
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Properties of the Planets
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Practice
• Page 296 # 1-8