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US building impacts 72% electricity consumption 39% energy use 38% CO 2 emissions 40% raw materials 30% waste output 14% potable water use

Transcript of 72% 39% 38% emissions 2 40% 30% 14% - EEBA...1. Set the stage: Building’s global role. Relics or...

Page 1: 72% 39% 38% emissions 2 40% 30% 14% - EEBA...1. Set the stage: Building’s global role. Relics or Rejuvenation. 2. Describe the process of assessment to determine opportunities and

US building impacts

72% electricity consumption

39% energy use

38% CO2 emissions

40% raw materials

30% waste output

14% potable water use

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US building impacts

72% electricity consumption

39% energy use

38% CO2 emissions

40% raw materials

30% waste output

14% potable water use

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LAURA BLAU AIA LEED BD&C® AP CPHC (Certified Passive House Consultant)CPHB (Certified Passive House Builder)CPHD (Certified Passive House Designer-pending) Principal BLUPATH

BLUPATH is an award winning architecture and design firm focusing on high-performance building design. blupath.us

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES1. Learn how science based conservation first strategies and

the ‘whole-building’ approach can be implemented to achieve energy efficiency, durability and health benefits in Historic buildings.

2. How to phase and apply both passive conservation strategies and active mechanical reduction strategies appropriately for historical buildings.

3. Apply case study examples of best practices and lessons learned, including hydrothermal issues particular to masonry walls in both custom historic residences and budget constrained affordable housing retrofit projects.

4. Understand possible administrative, design and construction challenges of renovating historic properties in both economically depressed and well-to-do neighborhoods.

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AGENDA1. Set the stage: Building’s global role. Relics or

Rejuvenation.

2. Describe the process of assessment to determine opportunities and constraints.

3. Explain the building science issues to be aware of using case study examples.

4. Remind us of the big picture.

5. Discussion and Q & A.

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Energy Consumption

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EFFICIENT BUILDINGS ARE LESS EXPENSIVETHAN POWER PLANTS

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THE BUILDING SECTOR OFFERS THE GREATEST OPPORTUNITIES

TO REALIZE ENERGY SAVINGS

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Passive House

Net Zero Energy

Home (ZEH)

LEED Platinum

Energy Efficiency

EPA Energy Star

American Standard

New Home

Typical New Home

Typical Existing HomeSpecific heating demand (TFA -30%) 4 story, 4 unit Multi family

75 kBtu/sq ft/yrSite energy consumptionMy Green Dinosaur< kBtu/sq ft/yr2010 = 24.0 kBtu/sf/yr2013 = 25.0 kBtu/sf/yr2014 = 36.0 kBtu/sf/yrConvert to Primary energy (factor of

2.71) 2010 = 65.0 kBtu/sf/yr2013 = 67.8 kBtu/sf/yr2014 = 97.6 kBtu/sf/yr

(humidifier added!)

Translate please!

Site Energy Consumption

WHAT'S YOUR ENERGY PROFILE???

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Passive House

Net Zero Energy

Home (ZEH)

LEED Platinum

Energy Efficiency

EPA Energy Star

American Standard

New Home

Typical New Home

Typical Existing HomePassive House – Heat demand (TFA-30%)New < 4.75 kBtu/sq ft/yrRetrofit < 8.00 kBtu/sq ft/yrPrimary Energy < 38.10 kBtu/sq ft/yr

Convert to Site energy (factor of 2.71) Primary Energy = 14.1 kBtu/sf/yr

Site energy consumption US single family1975 = 94.5 kBtu/sf/yr2009 = 105 kBtu/sf/yrMulti family2009 = 77.0 kBtu/sf/yr*2009 RECS Survey Data

Translate please!

RESNET HERS Rating Scale

BUILDING ENERGY CHALLENGE

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Air tightness

Passive House (new) < 0.6 ACH50

Passive House (Retrofit) < 1.0ACH50

EnergyStar 2.5, 3.0 = 4.0 ACH50

EnergyStar 2.0 = 5.0 ACH50

1998 Survey 1 of 100 houses < 5.0 ACH50

20 of 100 houses > 20.0 ACH50

Mean of 12,000 buildings = 29.7 ACH50

BUILDING ENERGY CHALLENGE

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Emissions Impact

BUILDING ENERGY CHALLENGE

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PASSIVE HOUSE

Emissions Impact

BUILDING ENERGY CHALLENGE

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What isPassive House?

(PassivHaus)

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Science based

Conservation focused

Better built

Cost effective=

SMART DESIGNEfficient, comfortable, healthy

ZEC - Zero Energy Capable

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SINGLE FAMILY ADDITION Philadelphia, PABluPath, ArchitectGreen Builder Green Home of the Year “Best Life Cycle Extension”

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SINGLE FAMILY RENOVATION Philadelphia, PABluPath, Architect

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SINGLE FAMILY ADDITIONPhiladelphia, PABluPath, Architect

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SINGLE FAMILY RESTORATIONPhiladelphia, PABluPath, Architect

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SINGLE FAMILY HISTORIC RENOVATIONWashington DCBluPath, Architect

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BROWNSTONE HISTORIC RENOVATIONBrooklyn, NYProspect Architecture, Architect

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GLASSWOOD PASSIVE HOUSE RETROFITPortland, OregonScott|Edwards, Architects, with Hammer and Hand

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HATZOLAH CENTRAL AMBULANCE DISPATCH CALL CENTERBrooklyn, NYAlex E Romeo, Architect / Duncan Architect, CPHC

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HIGH SCHOOL RETROFITBaesweiler, GermanyLudwig Rongen, Architect

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MULTI_FAMILY HISTORIC RETROFITMCKEESPORT YMCA, ACTION-HOUSINGPittsburgh, PAThoughtful Balance, Architect

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RENOVATION OF COUNTY HOSPITALEschwege, GermanyWilli Kirschner + Partner, Architect

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CHRIST CHURCH RETROFITHeinberg, GermanyLudwig Rongen, Architect

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Paradigm Shift

BUILDING ENVELOPES CHANGE

BUILDING SYSTEMS CHANGE

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Coffee Analogies

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Energy Star Passive House

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Standard Passive House

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Code Building

Passive House

SAVINGS

Energy Savings Over Time

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ECONOMICS OF PASSIVE HOUSERETURN ON INVESTMENT

LIFE CYCLE ANALYSISPRESENT VALUE ANALYSIS

Price of Saved Energy = (aloan * (Iadd - R)+Z)Esaved

Net Present Value (NPV) = K0 * 1- (1+p)-n

p

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BENEFITS BEYOND ENERGY SAVINGS

LONG TERM VALUE

Envelope is permanent to the buildingLess or smaller mechanical equipment

Lower O&M costs

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BENEFITS BEYOND ENERGY SAVINGS

LABOR IS LOCAL

PEOPLE POWER IS A RENEWABLE RESOURCE

Contributes to the local economy

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BENEFITS BEYOND ENERGY SAVINGS

LOWER RISK – MORE DURABLE

Studies show most envelope failures

are from air leakage andthermal bridging

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BENEFITS BEYOND ENERGY SAVINGS

HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY

More comfortable, healthier indoor air quality

higher user satisfaction

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BENEFITS BEYOND ENERGY SAVINGS

MORE FUTURE-PROOF – SURVIVABLE Mitigates issues surrounding

extreme weatherglobal energy

and material

availability, cost and scarcity

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ASSESSMENTKnow your science facts

Correct tools Prioritize

Be honest Be brave

Future-plan Future-proof

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ASSESSMENT

Relic or Rejuvenation

Fabric or Feature

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Super Insulated Air Tight Shell

Blower Door Test for Air Tightness

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Optimized Solar EnergyOrientation, wind and rain

Opportunities & Constraints

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Continuous VentilationBuilding Dynamics and Healthy IAQ

(know your science)

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Efficient AppliancesPlanned and Phased Obsolescence

Future Proof and Future Planning

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Accurate and Proven AnalysisHygrothermic Modeling and Testing

(every model has a bias)

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Passive House + Solar Array = Net Zero Energy

Plan for Future Optimization

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25 Years + 55,000 Units (2012)

(Ask us about Brussels 2015)

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Typical building Passive HouseEFFICIENT

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COMFORTABLEMinimize Disequilibrium

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Masonry moisture testing

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4” dense pack cellulose without interior vapor barrier

Green=RHRed= ⷪ F

80%RH

41 ⷪ F

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4” dense pack cellulose with smart interior vapor barrier

Green=RHRed= ⷪ F

80%RH

41 ⷪ F

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6” dense pack cellulose with smart interior vapor barrier

Green=RHRed= ⷪ F

80%RH

41 ⷪ F

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8” dense pack cellulose with smart interior vapor barrier

Green=RHRed= ⷪ F

80%RH

41 ⷪ F

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Thermal Bridge Design & Analysis

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Party wall air sealing and blower door test

Why?

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Tioga United-Home Ownership Program

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“Right-Size” the BuildingAmputation: lose the leg, save the patient

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Seal & Insulate, Use new “Smart Product”

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“Right-Size” Equipment, Be a Good Neighbor

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Nothing’s Perfect

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SINGLE FAMILY HISTORIC RENOVATIONWashington DCBluPath, Architect

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Extrapolation suggest 50% reduction

Pre construction usage = 57.5 kbtu/sf/yr

Gas, oil heat & electric AC, lights, plug load

Electric only = 19.22 kbtu/sf/yr

Post construction usage

Electric usage = 17 kbtu/sf/yr

Heat pump 2nd

& 3rd

fl, lights, plug load

(water usage increased 40%-teenage boys)Gas usage ??? kbtu/sf/yr

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Dense pack cellulose without a smart vapor barrier

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Lapping sill ?!? Exterior duct !?!

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Society Hill- History 1963- 1999

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Society Hill- 2008 and 2010Before After

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Air seal and insulate using creative details

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1st Solar PV Array on Historically Certified Residence in Philadelphia

Opt 1

Opt 2

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Precedent- 3 noisy neighboring air handlers

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What you see from the muse

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Too many systems

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Building reaches equilibrium

Based on TFA

1st year total usage = 6.29 kbtu/sf/yr

with PV generation = 3.55 kbtu/sf/yr

3rd year total usage = 5.31 kbtu/sf/yr

with PV generation = 2.57 kbtu/sf/yr

Why?

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Civic House Feasibility StudyUniversity of Pennsylvania

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Existing Passive House

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Air barrier discontinuous

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X W PHAir Tightness 20.0 ACH50 5.0 ACH50 0.6 ACH50

Windows R1 R8 R8+

Crawlspace floor R4 R53 R53

Basement slab R1 R1 R20

Basement walls R6/R4 R19/R35 R47/R21

Roof R24/32 R36/R71 R80/R82

Walls R6/R13/R19 R6/R13/R19 R32/R42/R52

ENVELOPE

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X W PHEnergy Usage

kBTU/gsf/yr 65.00 17.89 8.14Carbon emission

Lb/gsf/yr 10.00 8.00 6.00Utility Cost

$/gsf/yr $1.00 $0.27 $0.19

Savings $/yr $4,512 $ 5,573

Renovation Costs$/gsf/yr - $/sf/yr $106-129 $144-176

ENERGY USAGE

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CIVIC HOUSE LESSONS LEARNEDPH STANDARD WAS MET WITHOUT SOLAR GAIN

POOR SOLAR ORIENTATION NO FREE ENERGY = HIGHER CONSTRUCTION COSTS

SIZE AND OCCUPANCYASSEMBLY SPACE = ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT

PROJECT SCOPEALL COSTS ARE NOT ENERGY RELATED

ACCURACY OF COST ESTIMATEUSE ESTIMATOR FAMILIAR WITH PASSIVE BUILDING METHODS AND MATERIALS

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CIVIC HOUSE LESSONS LEARNEDINSTITUTIONS HAVE NEEDS AND GOALSGOALS MAY CONFLICT WITH ACHIEVING PASSIVE HOUSE STANDARD

COMPARATIVELY SMALL ENERGY USE $8000 ANNUAL ENERGY COST

CAMPUS PLANNING GOALSBUILDING MAY BE REPLACED IN 20 YEARS

1 YEAR FINANCIAL PAYBACK ENERGY SAVINGS IS LONG TERM BENEFIT

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WHY IS PASSIVE

HOUSE GOOD FOR

BIGGER BUILDINGS?

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SURFACE TO VOLUME RATIO

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SURFACE TO VOLUME RATIOLOWER IS BETTER

6 / 1 = 6 24 / 8 = 3 96 / 64 = 1.5

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A skyline of work. One at a time.

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Thermal Components: Performance breakdown towards PH goal

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Thermal Components:How much do they cost?

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ANOTHER PERSPECTIVE ON ENERGY USE

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62Msf or 65,000 NYC apts. renovated to PASSIVE HOUSE=

A single 1.2MW Coal power plant

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62Msf or 65,000 NYC apts. renovated to PASSIVE HOUSE=

A single 1.2MW $2B Coal power plant

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60 % OF THE WORLD’S BUILDINGS WILL BE REBUILT

IN THE NEXT TWO DECADES. “That is a huge opportunity if we do it right.”

– Ed Mazria, Architecture 2030

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25-75 years between renovations

WASTED $$ MISSED opportunities

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PHIUS Passive House Institute USpassivehouse.us

PHAUS Passive House Alliance USphaus.org

PHI Passive House Institute (Germany)passiv.de/en/

iPHA International Passive House Associationpassivehouse-international.org

NAPHN North American Passive House Networknorthamericanpassivehousenetwork.com

RESOURCES

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ZERO ENERGY READY HOMES energy.gov/eere/buildings/zero-energy-ready-home

LEED Building rating systemnew.usgbc.org/leed

2000 WATT SOCIETY Global energy effectsnovatlantis.ch/en/2000-watt-society

THE CLIMATE TRUST Climate solutions for government, utilities and large businessesclimatetrust.org

RESOURCES

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WORLD CLASS SUPPLY High performance building supply, worldclasssupply.com

FOURSEVENFIVE High performance building supply, foursevenfive.com

FENTREND High performance window consultantsfentrend.com

STRUCTURESdb Design-buildstructuresdb.com

RESOURCES

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blupath.us

RESOURCES

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PATHS UP THE MOUNTAIN

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BIG PICTURE (P.S. IT’S AN EMERGENCY!)

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The Turku Cathedral Relics Revisited and Anonymous Relics ... · The Turku Cathedral Relics Revisited and Anonymous Relics dated to the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries Jussi-Pekka

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