7.1.7 Human Skeleton - GSA Science - Homegsascience.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/5/1/22517340/7.1.7... ·...
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7.1.7 Human Skeleton
46 minutes
65 marks
Page 1 of 20
Q1. The human body has organs and organ systems which have different functions.
(a) (i) In which organ does the foetus develop?
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(ii) In which organ is oxygen absorbed into the blood?
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(b) Complete the table.
2 marks
(c) Give one function of the skeleton.
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Maximum 5 marks
Q2. (a) Diagram 1 is a simplified drawing of bones and muscles in a left leg viewed from the outer side.
Page 2 of 20
(i) Muscle A contracts. What effect does this have on the leg?
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(ii) Muscles are found in antagonistic pairs. Write the letters of the pair of muscles which control the bending and straightening of the leg at the knee.
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(iii) When one muscle of an antagonistic pair contracts the other muscle does not relax completely, but maintains some tension.
What is the advantage of maintaining tension in both muscles.
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(b) Diagram 2 shows the elbow joint. Tissue X covers the ends of the bones at the joint.
(i) Give the name of tissue X. ………………………………………………. 1 mark
(ii) Osteoarthritis is a very painful condition. In the joints of people with osteoarthritis small pieces of tissue X break off. Suggest two effects this could have on the joint.
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(c) Tendons are shown in diagram 1 and ligaments are shown in diagram 2. Ligaments can stretch much more than tendons.
(i) Explain why ligaments at the elbow need to stretch.
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(ii) Explain why it is necessary that tendons hardly stretch at all when a muscle contracts.
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Maximum 8 marks
Q3. The diagram below shows the human skeleton
(a) (i) Draw a line from the letter J to one joint in the leg. 1 mark
(ii) Why do we need joints in our skeleton?
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(b) (i) Which part of our skeleton, labelled in the diagram, moves so that we can breathe?
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(ii) Which part of our skeleton, labelled in the diagram, moves so that we can chew food?
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(c) Which one of the following is needed in the diet for strong bones and teeth? Tick the correct box.
1 mark
(d) The diagram below shows part of the arm.
(i) Parts A and B are attached to bones. What name is given to parts of the body like parts A and B?
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(ii) Part A gets shorter. In which direction does the lower arm move?
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Maximum 7 marks
Page 5 of 20
Q4. Drawings A, B, C, D and E show the positions of five organ systems in the human body.
(a) The names of the five organ systems are given in the table. By each name, write the letter of the drawing which shows the organ system.
5 marks
(b) Which one of these organ systems is completely different in a man and a woman?
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Maximum 6 marks
Page 6 of 20
Q5. The diagram below shows an organ system in the human body.
(a) What is the name of the organ system shown in the diagram? Tick the correct box.
1 mark
circulatory system
digestive system
reproductive system
respiratory system
(b) What are the names of parts A and B?
part A ..................................................................…….
part B ..................................................................……. 2 marks
(c) Parts C are bones which support the chest. Give the name of these bones. 1 mark
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(d) The photograph shows a man using a sanding machine on a piece of wood. He is wearing a mask to stop him from breathing in the sawdust.
The mask has tiny holes in it.
(i) When the man breathes in, the mask separates particles of sawdust from the air. What is this method of separation called?
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(ii) If the man breathed in the particles of sawdust, what might happen to him?
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Maximum 6 marks
Q6. This is Jamie having an X-ray of his arm.
Page 8 of 20
The drawing below shows the X-ray photograph.
(a) Complete the sentence. 1 mark
The parts of Jamie’s arm which show up on the X-ray are made of
................................................................... .
(b) What did the X-ray photograph show had happened to Jamie’s arm?
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(c) Jamie drew the following diagram of parts of his arm.
(i) On the diagram, draw a line from the letter J to a joint in the arm. 1 mark
(ii) Why are joints needed in the arm?
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(iii) The parts which contract to move the arm do not show up on an X-ray. What are these parts called? Tick the correct box.
1 mark Maximum 5 marks
blood vessels
glands
muscles
skin
Q7. The diagram shows a volcano erupting.
not to scale
(a) Look at the diagram. Give the letter which labels:
(i) magma;
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(ii) liquid lava;
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(iii) old solid rock.
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(b) When magma and lava cool, they form a hard crystalline rock. What is the name of this type of rock? Tick the correct box.
igneous rock
metamorphic rock
sedimentary rock 1 mark
(c) The changes listed below take place when a volcano erupts. Which one of these changes could be reversed? Tick the correct box.
Old rock is heated to form a different rock.
Sulphur burns to form sulphur dioxide.
Water is heated to form water vapour. 1 mark
(d) Ash from a volcano dropped into a lake. All the fish in the lake were killed and buried under the ash in the mud at the bottom of the lake.
The photograph below shows the remains of a fish millions of years later.
(i) The photograph shows the body parts which supported the fish. Give the name of these body parts.
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(ii) Give the name for animal and plant remains that are found in a rock after millions of years.
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Maximum 7 marks
Q8. The drawings show a human, a chaffinch, a dog and a whale.
not to scale
One of these animals is a bird. The other three are mammals.
(a) Which group do all four animals belong to?
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(b) The drawings below show the bones of the front limbs of the four animals. Some of the bones of the human limb are labelled.
not to scale
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On the drawings, label:
(i) the ulna of the chaffinch; 1 mark
(ii) the radius of the dog; 1 mark
(iii) the humerus of the whale. 1 mark
(c) Describe how the shape of the front limb of the whale is adapted for moving in water.
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(d) The bones of birds are hollow. How does this help birds to fly?
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Maximum 6 marks
Q9. (a) The animals drawn below all have backbones.
not to scale
(i) What word describes animals with a backbone?
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(ii) There are five groups of animals with a backbone. Only four groups are shown above Give the name of the missing group
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(b) The drawing below shows the human backbone. It is made up of a number of small bones.
Why is it an advantage that the backbone is made up of small bones rather than one long bone?
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(c) The drawing below shows two small bones from the backbone.
Between the small bones there is a material called cartilage. Cartilage is softer than bone. Give one advantage of having a softer material between the bones.
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(d) The diagram below shows the bones and two muscles of an arm.
The biceps and triceps are muscles which raise and lower the forearm. What happens to the biceps and triceps to raise the forearm?
the biceps ...........................................................
the triceps ........................................................... 1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q10. The diagram below shows bones and muscles of the human arm.
The biceps and triceps are muscles that contract to move the bones of the lower arm.
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(a) What do the biceps and triceps do to move the arm in the direction shown by the arrow? Tick the correct box.
The biceps and the triceps contract at the same time.
The biceps contracts and the triceps relaxes.
The biceps relaxes and the triceps contracts.
The biceps and the triceps relax at the same time. 1 mark
(b) Ligaments hold bones together at a joint. Ligaments can stretch.
Why must ligaments be able to stretch?
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(c) The diagram below shows an elbow joint.
(i) The ends of the bones at a joint are covered by a layer of smooth material called cartilage. There is also a fluid in the joint.
Why are cartilage and fluid needed in a joint?
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(ii) In the joint shown below, some of the cartilage has broken off.
Suggest one way this damage will affect the joint.
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maximum 4 marks
Q11. The drawing below shows the human rib cage.
(a) The rib cage protects organs in the chest.
Give the names of two organs in the chest.
1. ................................................................
2. ................................................................ 2 marks
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(b) The ribs are attached to the breast bone by cartilage which bends easily. This lets the space in the chest get bigger.
Why is it important that the space can get bigger?
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(c) The drawings below show parts of three different organ systems.
Draw a line from each organ system to its function. Draw only three lines.
3 marks
maximum 6 marks
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