7(&+1,&$/ *8,'( · PDF file · 2017-09-28Manufacturing Standard ... part 1: 1993...

Solvent CementPVC FittingsPVC PipesISO 9001 : 2000

TECHNICAL GUIDE

CENTRAL INDUSTRIES PLC(REG NO: PQ 121) No 312 Nawala Road ,Rajagiriya, Sri LankaTEL: 011 - 2806623 /5375001 /0777530266Fax: 011 2806621 /5303031E-Mail: [email protected]: www.nationalpvc.com

CENTRAL FINANCEGROUP

PIPE SYSTEM

Central Industries PLC 1.1

Contents

Pipe System - Introduction

Pipe System - General Information

Pipe System - Product Guide

Pipe System - Design Guide

Pipe System - Handling ,Storage and Transportation

Pipe System - Installation Guide Annexure 1 - Basic Properties of uPVC 2 - Chemical Resistance of uPVC 3 - Units of Pressure 4 - Relevant Standards 5 - Useful References

PIPE SYSTEM


INTRODUCTION

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________ INTRODUCTION

The Organization Central Industries PLC is an ISO 9001: 2000 system certified company listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange and a member of the prestigious Central Finance Group which is one of the Sri Lanka’s leading finance houses.

The core business of the company is the manufacturing of “National uPVC” pipes & fittings. Possessing over two decades of experience in polymer technology & related fields, the company has expanded rapidly, diversifying into manufacturing, marketing and distributing an array of products related to the construction industry. At Central Industries PLC, we are proud and competent to offer you unique products.

Products manufactured by CENTRAL INDUSTRIES PLC are subjected to stringent quality assurance tests before they are released to the market. The customer there fore can be assured of a quality product. This is the guarantee given by CENTRAL INDUSTRIES PLC to their customers.

The rapid advancement of the company is due to the principles of continuous improvement which have always been an inspiration to everyone within the company.

The company markets their products to the retail trade through their extensive Dealer Network covering the entire island through distributors.

The corporate clients are serviced by the Corporate Division. The Corporate Clientele comprises all leading Contractors, Architects, Engineers and all stake holders in the construction industry.

Central Industries PLC is actively pursuing plans for progressive growth with view of becoming a key player in the supply of materials and services to the construction industry

The company head office has shifted to its own spacious and customer friendly location with a modern air conditioned showroom with ample parking facility at # 312, Nawala Road, Rajagiriya.

The Chairman of Central Industries PLC is Mr. G.S.N.Peiris who is Group Finance Director of Central Finance PLC. The Director/CEO is Mr. Newton Wickramsuriya.

“National uPVC “ Pipe System Catalogue This publication contains information on Product, Features, Applications and Technical Information.

Supply “National uPVC” Pipes, Fittings & Solvent Adhesives are available from stock, through an island wide network of Dealers & through a direct to site distribution from our Projects Division. Telephone No.0115303085

Head Office: Central Industries PLC No 312, Nawala Road Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka Tel: 5303005/0112806623 Fax: 0112806621/0115303031 www.nationalpvc.com [email protected]

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________ INTRODUCTION

PIPE SYSTEM

Central Industries PLC

_________________________________________INTRODUCTION


_____________________________________INTRODUCTION


_____________________________________INTRODUCTION

PIPE SYSTEM


_________________________________________INTRODUCTION


____________________________________INTRODUCTION


____________________________________INTRODUCTION

PIPE SYSTEM


_________________________________________INTRODUCTION

PIPE SYSTEM


GENERAL INFORMATION

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________GENERAL INFORMATION

Manufacturing Standard “National uPVC" Pipes and Fittings are manufactured in conformity to Sri Lanka Standards which are based on the standards set by the International Standards Organization (ISO). Items not covered by Sri Lanka Standards are manufactured in conformity to relevant International Standards. The International Organization for Standards (ISO) is a worldwide federation of National Standards Institutions which has been constituted to develop International Standards. ISO technical committees develop International Standards in liaison with other relevant governmental and nongovernmental international Organizations. Draft Standards prepared by the ISO are referred to National Standards Institutions which are ISO member bodies prior to approval as International Standards by the ISO council. The Sri Lanka Standards Institution represents Sri Lanka in the ISO.

Standard for uPVC Pipes SLS 147:2013 cover rigid unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride pipes for potable cold water supplies. The nominal sizes of uPVC Pipes are based on the outside diameter of the pipes as per ISO requirements. The nominal size of uPVC pipes and the approximate equivalent size in inches are tabulated below.

Nominal Size (mm)

Approximate equivalent pipe size (inch)

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90

110 140 160 225 280

1/2 3/4 1

1 1/4 1 1/2

2 2 1/2

3 4 5 6 8

10

Pipes are classified into “Types” according to the working pressure ratings at 29 0 C. By definition the Working pressure rating is the maximum pressure that the medium in the pipe can exert continuously with a high degree of certainty that failure of the pipe will not occur. The pipe classification is as follows:

Type of pipe

Working Pressure

Rating

Type 1000 Type 600 Type 400 Type 250

1000 kPa 600 kPa 400 kPa 250 kPa

The requirement stipulated in SLS 147:1993 broadly covers, materials, dimensions, physical & chemical properties and mechanical properties. The material requirement is mainly for controlling use of additives, excessive use of which could impair the chemical, physical or mechanical properties. The dimensions for the four pressure classes of pipes are as the above table. The dimensions cover, outside diameter, internal diameter and wall thickness, the minimum and maximum limits being specified. The standards also stipulate the standard manufacturing lengths of pipes. Physical properties such as opacity, colour, heat reversion and chemical properties such as effect on water quality (toxicity) and resistance to chemicals is covered in the standards. The mechanical properties include flattening resistance, tensile strength, internal hydrostatic pressure and resistance to impact.

PIPE SYSTEM


______________________________GENERAL INFORMATION

Standards for uPVC Fittings

SLS 659: part 1: 1993 covers unplasticized PVC Pipe joints and fittings suitable for solvent welding The pipe fittings are categorized as, a. Moulded products by injection moulding b. Heat processed products from pipes conforming to SLS147 Both categories of pipe fittings are classified according to the working pressure ratings at 29 0 C as follows. Type of Pipe Fitting

Working Pressure Rating

Type 1000 Type 600

1000 kPa 600 kPa

The minimum wall thickness for injection moulded fittings is 3mm. For heat processed fittings the wall thickness at any point of the fitting shall not be less than 90% of the wall thickness of the pipe. The other dimensional parameters specified in the standards are minimum socket length, mean socket inside diameter, out-of-roundness tolerance and laying lengths. Mechanical properties specified include internal hydraulic pressure and flattening resistance.

Standards for Solvent Cement The Sri Lanka Standard for solvent cement for uPVC pipes and fittings is SLS 935:1991. Solvent cement is recommended for use with uPVC pipes and fittings defined in SLS 147: and SLS 659: Part 1 respectively to a maximum nominal pipe diameter of 150mm. Solvent cement consists of polymers, stabilizers and a substantial proportion of solvent that will swell unplasticized PVC. The main requirements specified in the standards are bond strength, hydrostatic burst strength, solvent cement film properties and storage stability. Standards for Rubber Rings BS 2494:1990/ BS: EN 681-1 *Use rubber Compound - EPDM *Hardness 55+-5 IRH Superior Features: Excellent physical properties, as for example: *High stress relaxation *Low compression set at high and low temperatures *Resistant to microbiological attack according to British Standard 2494 *Approved for use in drinking water in conjunction With plastic pipe according to KTW (Recommendation For plastics and drinking water) part 1.3.13 Board of Health BGA.

PIPE SYSTEM


_______________________________GENERAL INFORMATION Material Material

“National uPVC ” Pipes and fittings are manufactured from unplasticized (Rigid) Polyvinyl Chloride. uPVC pipe is firmly established as a sound engineering product offering an alternative to pipes manufactured from the more traditional materials. Over the past thirty years, particularly in the water industry, uPVC pipe has steadily gained acceptance.

Applications Pressure pipes and Fittings Systems. Soil Waste and Drainage System. Electrical Insulation System. Special Pipe System.

Water Supply Drainage systems Sewerage and waste systems Vent Line Electrical insulation systems Telecommunication ducting Tube wells Sea water aqua culture Irrigation systems Sprinkler systems Chemical plants special purpose systems

PIPE SYSTEM


_______________________________GENERAL INFORMATION

Features Corrosion free “National uPVC” Pipes and fittings are unaffected by both internal and

external corrosive attacks by a wide range acids, alkalis and salts.

Non Toxic “National uPVC” Pipe Systems are ideal for potable cold water. They conform to World Health Organization requirements for potable transportation.

Exceptionally Smooth Mirror Smooth Inner Walls minimize Frictional Losses and discourage deposit formation.

Non Conductive uPVC is an Integral Electrical Insulation with high dielectric strength

Fire Resistance “National uPVC” Pipes are fire resistant and self extinguishing.

Light Weight One sixth the weight of steel systems. “National uPVC” Pipes and fittings are easy to transport, handle and install.

Size and Pressure Range “National uPVC” Pipe systems are manufactured in sizes ranging from 20 mm to 280 mm. Standard pressure ratings start at 250 Kpa and goes up to 1000 kPa (Class 250 to 1000)

Quick Site Jointing Cold solvent joining gives extremely strong chemical weld and rubber ring joining gives extremely strong reliable and permanent installation without costly equipment. Demountable mechanical joints (Flanges, repair couplings unions and screwed joints) are also available as standard.

Longer Service Life

The Calculated service life of the pipe is 50 years, with a safety factor of 2.5

PIPE SYSTEM


______________________________GENERAL INFORMATION

“National uPVC” Quality Assurance Scheme “National uPVC” Pipes are manufactured under strict Quality Assurance Systems. The Company has implemented a Total Quality management program which ensures that quality concepts are extended to all areas of management. Product, quality is guaranteed through systematic inspection and test procedures instituted from raw material analysis stage through process inspection and final product analysis. Applications of modern extrusion technologies minimize process variation ensuring strict control of the process. Documentation of Quality Policy, Procedures and Work Instructions has lead to standardization of all activities in the company. The Quality Assurance System described above ensures a Quality product and service to all our Customers. Further, consequent to the award of SLS certification in 1987, the Sri Lanka Standards Institution carries out regular sampling and testing of “National uPVC” pipes to ensure compliance with SLS 147:1993.

Test Objectives and the Real Benefits to the “National uPVC” Customer.

Test or Observation for “National uPVC” Pipes and Fittings.

Objectives

Mean outside Diameter To ensure “National uPVC” pipes perfectly fit with “National uPVC” fittings.

Wall thickness To ensure “National uPVC” pipes and fittings having uniform wall thickness.

Effect of material on water quality To ensure “National uPVC ” pipes and fittings in contact with drinking water, 1. Should not constitute a toxic hazard, 2. Should not support microbial growth, 3. Should not give rise to any unpleasant taste or odor or to Cloudiness or discoloration.

To ensure “National uPVC” pipes and fittings withstand sulphuric acid within specification.

Longitudinal reversion test To ensure “National uPVC” pipes can be heat processed without any damage to the pipe.

Flattening test To ensure “National uPVC” pipes and Fittings make or become flat within specifications.

Tensile test To ensure “National uPVC” pipes are capable of being stretched within Specifications.

Hydraulic characteristics test To ensure “National uPVC” pipes and fittings can be used within Recommended pressure.

Inside Diameter of Socket To ensure “National uPVC” fittings perfectly fit with “National uPVC” pipes.

Solvent Cement

“National uPVC ” solvent cement Test parameters.

Objectives

Bond Strength To ensure perfect bond between pipes and fittings. Hydrostatic burst strength To ensure perfect bond and that can withstand recommended pressure

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

Pressure Pipes and Fittings System

Soil Waste and Drainage System

Electrical Insulation System

Special Pipe System

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

uPVC Pressure Pipes and Fittings System

Diameter Wall Thickness and Length Dimensions

Nominal Diameter

Mean Outside Diameter ( Dm )

Length L

TYPE 250 kPa ( 2.5 PN –

Nominal Pressure )

TYPE 400 kPa ( 4 PN –

Nominal Pressure)


Nominal Pressure )

TYPE 1000 kPa ( 10 PN –

Nominal Pressure )

mm

Mini Max mm mm

Metre.

Nominal Internal Diamete

r mm

Thickness Min Max mm mm

Nominal Internal

Diameter mm


Nominal Internal

Diameter mm


Nominal Internal

Diameter mm


20 20.0 20.3 4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 18 1.2 1.6 25 25.0 25.3 4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 22 1.5 1.9 32 32.0 32.3 4 -- -- -- -- -- -- 30 1.2 1.6 28 1.9 2.3 40 40.0 40.3 4 -- -- -- -- -- -- 37 1.5 1.9 35 2.3 2.8 50 50.0 50.3 4 -- -- -- 47 1.2 1.6 46 1.8 2.2 44 2.9 3.4 63 63.0 63.3 4 -- -- -- 60 1.5 1.9 58 2.3 2.8 55 3.7 4.3 75 75.0 75.3 4 -- -- -- 71 1.8 2.2 69 2.7 3.2 65 4.4 5.1 90 90.0 90.3 6 -- -- -- 85 2.2 2.7 83 3.2 3.8 79 5.2 6.0

110 110.0 110.4 6 106 1.7 2.1 104 2.7 3.2 102 3.9 4.5 97 6.4 7.3 140 140.0 140.5 6 -- -- -- -- -- -- 128 5.0 5.7 123 8.1 9.2 160 160.0 160.5 6 155 2.5 3.0 152 3.9 4.5 148 5.7 6.5 140 9.2 10.4 225 225.0 225.7 6 -- -- -- 214 5.4 6.2 208 8.0 9.0 198 13.0 14.5 280 280.0 280.9 6 -- -- -- 266 6.7 7.6 259 9.9 11.1 246 16.1 18.0

All dimensions are in millimeters unless stated other wise NOTE: The above pipes are available with plain ended (PE) or solvent socketed (SS)

Nominal Diamete

r

Mean Outside Diameter ( Dm

)

Length L

TYPE 250 kPa ( 2.5 PN –

Nominal Pressure )


Nominal Pressure)


Nominal Pressure )

TYPE 1000 kPa ( 10 PN –

Nominal Pressure )

mm

Mini Max mm mm

Metre.

Nominal Internal

Diameter mm


Nominal Internal

Diameter mm


Nominal Internal

Diameter mm


Nominal Internal

Diameter mm


63 63.0 63.3 4 -- -- -- 60 1.5 1.9 58 2.3 2.8 55 3.7 4.3 75 75.0 75.3 4 -- -- -- 71 1.8 2.2 69 2.7 3.2 65 4.4 5.1 90 90.0 90.3 6 -- -- -- 85 2.2 2.7 83 3.2 3.8 79 5.2 6.0

110 110.0 110.4 6 106 1.7 2.1 104 2.7 3.2 102 3.9 4.5 97 6.4 7.3 160 160.0 160.5 6 155 2.5 3.0 152 3.9 4.5 148 5.7 6.5 140 9.2 10.4 225 225.0 225.7 6 -- -- -- 214 5.4 6.2 208 8.0 9.0 198 13.0 14.5 280 280.0 280.9 6 -- -- -- 266 6.7 7.6 259 9.9 11.1 246 16.1 18.0

_________________________________________________________

Solvent Socketed Pipe for cold water service SLS 147: 1993 ISO 161/1:1978

Bell Formed Pipes for cold water service

SLS 147: 1993 ISO 161/1:1978

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE


Diameter and Wall Thickness Dimensions (According to proposed SLS147 Which similar to ISO 4422)

Size Mean

Diameter

Maximum Ovality

PNT 7 (PN 8)

PNT 9 (PN 10)

PNT 11 (PN 12.5)

PNT 14 (PN 16)

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

Wall thickness

(mm)

Wall thickness

(mm))

Wall thickness

(mm)

Wall thickness

(mm)

20 1.5-1.9

25 1.5-1.9 1.9-2.3

32 + 0.2 0.5 1.5-1.9 1.6-2.0 1.9-2.3 2.4-2.9

40 - 0.0 1.6-2.0 1.9-2.3 2.4-2.9 3.0-3.5

50 0.6 2.0-2.4 2.4-2.9 3.0-3.5 3.7-4.3

63 2.5-3.0 3.0-3.5 3.8-4.4 4.7-5.4

75 + 0.3 0.8 2.9-3.4 3.6-4.2 4.5-5.2 5.6-6.4

90 - 0.0 1.1 3.5-4.1 4.3-5.0 5.4-6.2 6.7-7.6

110 + 0.4

- 0.0

1.4 3.4-4.0 4.2-4.9 5.3-6.1 6.6-7.5

140 + 0.5 1.7 4.3-5.0 5.4-6.2 6.7-7.6 8.3-9.4

160 - 0.0 2.0 4.9-5.6 6.2-7.1 7.7-8.7 9.5-10.7

225 + 0.7

- 0.0

2.7 6.9-7.8 8.6-9.7 10.8-12.1 13.4-15.0

280 + 0.9

- 0.0

3.4 8.6-9.7 10.7-12.0 13.4-15.0 16.6-18.5

These pressure classes derived from the ISO specified pressure classes, PN 8, PN 10, PN 12.5, PN 16 PN 20 and PN 25 respectively. THESE PRESSURE CLASSES SUPERSEDE THE PREVIOUSLY SPECIFIED VALUES, T 250, T 400, T 600 AND T 1000 AND THESE WILL NOT BE USED IN FUTURE. Above values denote the safe working pressure or the Nominal Pressure of the water works system in kgf/cm2 at relevant working temperatures. PNT is calculated to be used at 300 C.

Cold water service SLS 147: 2013 ISO 161/1:1978

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

Preformed ends Pipes are manufactured with plain square cut ends. They can be supplied as manufactured or with one preformed end, Socketed for solvent welding or Bell end with chamfered other end for rubber ring seal joint.

Socketed joint for Solvent welding Bell end for Rubber Ring seal joint

Nominal Size

Pipe

Length L

Socket Length

l

mm mm mm 20 4000 20 25 4000 24 32 4000 28 40 4000 34 50 4000 41 63 4000 50 75 4000 59 90 6000 69

110 6000 83 140 6000 104 160 6000 118 225 6000 164 280 6000 202

Nominal

Size

Pipe

Length L

Socket

Length l

d max

Socket outside diameter

mm mm mm mm

PN 10

PN 6

PN 4

PN 2.5

63 4000 110 88 85 84 -- 75 4000 115 103 100 98 -- 90 6000 120 121 118 116 --

110 6000 130 145 141 139 137 160 6000 150 204 198 195 -- 225 6000 170 281 272 269 -- 280 6000 190 345 334 328 --

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE


Injection Moulded Fittings Range _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Socket _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Solvent socket Nominal

Size (mm) A mm

B mm

C mm

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90

110

17.5 20.0 23.5 28.0 33.0 39.5 43.5 51.0 61.0

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 9

38 43 50 59 69 82 90

107 131

** ** ** ** ** **

For connecting pipes. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Reducing Socket Nominal

Size (mm) A mm

B mm

C Mm

D mm

25x20 32x20 32x25 40x20 40x32 50x20 50x32 50x40 63x20 63x32 63x40 63x50

17.5 17.5 20.0 17.5 23.5 17.5 23.5 28.0 17.5 23.5 28.0 33.0

20.0 23.5 23.5 28.0 28.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0

3.0 3.0 3.0 13.0 3.0 18.0 3.0 3.0 24.5 18.5 14.5 9.5

40.5 40.0 46.5 58.5 54.5 68.5 59.5 64.0 82.0 82.0 82.5 82.5

** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **

Used to a convert different pipe sizes. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ** All are “National” Injection moulded fittings conform to SLS 659 certification and suitable for Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) pressure class . *Threads if precast on “National” fittings comply with BS 21: pipe thread specifications.

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE



Socket _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Valve Socket Nominal

Size (mm) A mm

B mm

C mm

D mm

E (INCH)

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90

110

17.5 20.0 23.5 28.0 33.0 39.5 43.5 51.0 61.0

22 24 27 30 31 37 42

45.5 51

14

15.5 17

19.5 19.5 24 31 34 39

39.5 44

50.5 58 64

76.5 85.5 96.5 112

1/2 3/4 1

1 1/4 1 1/2

2 2 1/2

3 4

** ** ** ** ** **

Used for connecting brass valves, service ferrules ,and G.I . pipe sockets ______________________________________________________________________________________

Faucet Socket Nominal

Size (mm) A mm

B mm

C mm

D mm

E (INCH)

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90

110

17.5 20.0 23.5 28.0 33.0 39.5 43.5 51.0 61.0

4 4 4 4 6 6

17.8 22.7 27.7

14

15.5 17.5 19.5 19.5 24

30.2 33.3 39.3

35.5 39.5 46

57.5 57.5 69.5 91.5 107 128

1/2 3/4 1

1 1/4 1 1/2

2 2 1/2

3 4

** ** ** ** ** **

Used for connecting bib taps, other appliances and G.I.pipes. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ** All are “National” Injection moulded fittings conform to SLS 659 certification and suitable for Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) pressure class . *Threads if precast on “National” fittings comply with BS 21: pipe thread specifications.

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE



Elbows _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Elbow 90 0

Nominal Size (mm) A

mm B

mm C

mm

20 25 32 40 50 63 90 110

17.5 20.0 23.5 28.0 33.0 39.0 51.0 61.0

11.0 13.5 17.5 21.5 27.0 33.5 48.0 60.0

28.5 33.5 41

49.5 60 73 99 121

** ** ** ** ** ** ** **

Used for short turns of 90 0. These are not advisable in Large diameter pipes as they restricts the flow due to turbulence. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Faucet Elbow

Nominal Size mm

A mm

B mm

C mm

D mm

E (INCH)

20

17.50

11.00

25.00

28.50

½

**

Suitable for bib tap connection as it reduces the offset length to a minimum. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ** All are “National” Injection moulded fittings conform to SLS 659 certification and suitable for Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) pressure class . *Threads if precast on “National” fittings comply with BS 21: pipe thread specifications

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE


Injection Moulded Fittings Range _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tees _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Equal Tee Nominal

Size (mm) A mm

B mm

C mm

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110

17.5 20.0 23.5 28.0 33.0 39.5 43.5 51.0 61.0

11.0 13.5 17.5 21.5 27.0 33.5 40.5 48.0 61.0

28.5 33.5 41

49.5 60 73 84 99

122

** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **

Used for junctions and bypasses in pipe networks. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Reducing Tee Nominal

Size mm

A mm

B mm

C mm

D mm

E mm

25x20 32x20 32x25 40x20 40x25 40x32 50x20 50x32 50x40 63x20 63x32 63x40 63x50 90x63

110x63 110x90

20 23 23 28 28 28 33 33 33 40 40 40 40 53 63 63

17.5 17.5 20.5 17.5 20.5 23.5 17.5 23.5 28.0 17.5 23.5 28.0 33.0 40 40 53

13.6 17.1 17.1 17.0 21.0 17.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 11.0 17.0 21.0 26.0 46 58 58

31.1 34.6 37.6 38.5 41.5 44.5 43.5 49.5 54.0 50.5 56.5 61.0 66.0 86 98

111

33.6 40.6 40.6 45.0 49.0 45.0 59.0 59.0 59.0 51.0 57.0 61.0 66.0 99

121 121

** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **

Used for junctions and bypasses in pipe networks. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ** All are “National” Injection moulded fittings conform to SLS 659 certification and suitable for Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) pressure class . *Threads if precast on “National” fittings comply with BS 21: pipe thread specifications

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE uPVC Pressure Pipes and Fittings System

Injection Moulded Fittings Range _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tees _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Faucet Tee Nominal

Size mm

A mm

B mm

C Mm

E (inch)

20

17.5

11

14

1/2

**

Suitable for bib tap connection as it reduces the offset length to a minimum. ______________________________________________________________________________________ End cap _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ End cap Nominal

Size (mm) A mm

B mm

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90

110 140 160

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90

110 140 160

17.5 20.0 23.5 28.0 33.0 39.5 43.5 51.0 61.0 76.0 86.0

** ** ** ** ** ** ** **

Used at the terminating point of a pipe line. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ** All are “National” Injection moulded fittings conform to SLS 659 certification and suitable for Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) pressure class . *Threads if precast on “National” fittings comply with BS 21: pipe thread specifications.

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE


Injection Moulded Fittings Range ______________________________________________________________________________________ Clamp saddle _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Clamp saddle Nominal

Size mm

For connecting a service pipe to the main pipe line, a uPVC Clamp saddle could be used. The two halves of the clamp saddle are bolted together on straight uPVC pipes ,as shown in the diagram. The rubber gasket around the outlet of the clamp saddle would be in a compressed position against the external surfaces of the pipe after bolting.

50 x 20 50 x 25 63 x 20 63 x 25 63 x 32 75 x 20 75 x25 75 x 32 90 x 20 90 x 25 90 x 32

110 x 20 110 x 25 110 x 32 160 x 20 160 x 25 160 x 32 225 x 20 225 x 25 225 x 32

______________________________________________________________________________________ ** All are “National” Injection moulded fittings conform to SLS 659 certification and suitable for Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) pressure class . *Threads if precast on “National” fittings comply with BS 21: pipe thread specifications.

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE


Injection Moulded Fittings Range ______________________________________________________________________________________ PVC Ball Valves _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SIZE

BSP

THREAD SIZE

WORKING PRESSURE

(Bar)

½” 20 mm ½” 10

1” 32 mm 1” 10

1 ½” 50 mm 1 ½” 10

______________________________________________________________________________________

uPVC Cable Trunking. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Cable Trunking. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Cable Trunking

SIZE (mm)

Dimension (mm)

Width Height

16x10 16 10 20x16 20 16 25x16 25 16

_________________________________________________________

width

height

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE


Fabricated Fittings Range _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Socket _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Repair Socket (Solvent Socketed Type) Nominal

Size mm

A mm

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90

110 140 160

20 24 28 34 41 50 59 69 83

104 118

Used for repair of pipes ,curing should be allowed prior to restoration of flow. ______________________________________________________________________________________ Coupler _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Repair Coupler Short (Ring seal type)

Nominal

Size mm

A

mm

B

mm

63 75 90 110 160 225 280

245 265 270 295 350 405 465

180 190 195 215 250 295 315

Consists of two rubber seals either side used for speedy repair of pipes. ______________________________________________________________________________________ *All “National” uPVC fittings described above are available in Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) as well as Type 600 kPa (6 PN) pressure class.

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE


Fabricated Fittings Range _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Coupler _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Repair Coupler Long (Ring seal type)

Nominal

Size mm

L

mm

L1 mm

L2 mm

63 90

110 160 225 280

120 135 145 170 205 220

10 10 330 340 540 600

196 229 346 363 462 460

Consists of two rubber seals either side used for speedy repair of pipes. ______________________________________________________________________________________ Bell form Reducer _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Bell form Reducer

Nominal

Size mm

L1 mm

L2 mm

63 x 50 75 x 63 90 x 75 110 x 90

160 x 110 225 x 160 280 x 225

145 145 170 185 245 310 375

65 160 165 170 175 210 250

______________________________________________________________________________________ *All “National” uPVC fittings described above are suitable for Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) pressure class unless stated otherwise.

L2 L

L1

d

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________


Fabricated Fittings Range_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Bends ______________________________________________________________________________________________

** All these Bends are heat treated and formed out of PVC pipes manufactured to SLS 147 Specification without any welded joint . Socket dimension Conform to SLS 695 specification

**All dimension in millimeters

______________________________________________________________________________________ *All “National” uPVC fittings described above are available in Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) as well as Type 600 kPa (6 PN) pressure class. *Any intermediate angles can be supplied on request. Contact the Technical Division.

________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE


Fabricated Fittings Range _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Bend Socket /Socket (Solvent Type)

** All these Bends are heat treated and formed out of PVC pipes manufactured to SLS 147 Specification without any welded joint . Socket dimension Conform to SLS 695

____________________________________________________________________ *All “National” uPVC fittings described above are available in Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) as well as

Type 600 kPa (6 PN) pressure class. can be supplied on request. Contact the Technical Division.

Nominal Size mm

Angle Deg.

d

r radius of curvature

mm

mm

20

11 1/4

55

22 1/2 55 45 55 90 55

25 11 1/4 60 22 1/2 60 45 60 90 60

32 11 1/4 75 22 1/2 75 45 75 90 75

40 11 1/4 95 22 1/2 95 45 95 90 95

50 11 1/4 125 22 1/2 125 45 125 90 125

63 11 1/4 160 22 1/2 160 45 160 90 160

Used where long radius turns are required, smaller friction loss compared to elbow.

3.13

PRODUCT GUIDE

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________


____________________________________________________________________ *All “National” uPVC fittings described above are available in Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) as well as

can be supplied on request. Contact the Technical Division.

A mm

B mm

20

35

20 35 20 35 20 35

24 50 24 50 24 50 24 50

28 65 28 65 28 65 28 65

34 75 34 75 34 75 34 75

41 90 41 90 41 90 41 90

50 105 50 105 50 105 50 105

Used where long radius turns are required, smaller friction loss compared to elbow.

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________

uPVC Pressure Pipes and Fittings SystemFabricated Fittings Range _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Bends ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


_______________________________________________________*All “National” uPVC fittings described above are available i Type 600 kPa (6 PN) pressure class. *Any intermediate angles can be supplied on request. Contact the Technical Division.


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE


Fabricated Fittings Range _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Bend Socket /Socket (Solvent Type

** All these Bends are heat treated and formed out of PVC pipes manufactured to SLS 147 Specification without any welded joint . Socket dimension Conform to SLS 695

Used where long radius turns is required, friction loss compared to elbow

_______________________________________________________*All “National” uPVC fittings described above are available in Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) as well as

Type 600 kPa (6 PN) pressure class. *Any intermediate angles can be supplied on request. Contact the Technical Division.

Nominal Size mm

Angle Deg.

d


mm

mm

75

11 1/4

188 59

22 1/2 188 59 45 188 59 90 188 59

90 11 1/4 250 69 22 1/2 250 69 45 250 69 90 250 69

110 11 1/4 315 83 22 1/2 315 83 45 315 83 90 315 83

160 11 1/4 480 118 22 1/2 480 118 45 480 118 90 480 118

225 11 1/4 675 175 22 1/2 675 175 45 675 175 90 676 175

280 11 1/4 840 220 22 1/2 840 220 45 840 220 90 840 220

3.14

PRODUCT GUIDE

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


required, smaller

_______________________________________________________ n Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) as well as

*Any intermediate angles can be supplied on request. Contact the Technical Division.

A mm

B mm

59

125

59 125 59 125 59 125

69 140 69 140 69 140 69 140

83 170 83 170 83 170 83 170

118 270 118 270 118 270 118 270

175 360 175 360 175 360 175 360

220 448 220 448 220 448 220 448

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE


Fabricated Fittings Range _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bends _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B


Bend Socket /Spigot (Solvent Type) Nominal

Size mm

Angle Deg.

d


mm

A mm

B mm

20

11 1/4

55

20

35

22 1/2 55 20 35 45 55 20 35 90 55 20 35

25 11 1/4 60 24 50 22 1/2 60 24 50 45 60 24 50 90 60 24 50

32 11 1/4 75 28 65 22 1/2 75 28 65 45 75 28 65 90 75 28 65

40 11 1/4 95 34 75 22 1/2 95 34 75 45 95 34 75 90 95 34 75

50 11 1/4 125 41 90 22 1/2 125 41 90 45 125 41 90 90 125 41 90

63 11 1/4 160 50 105 22 1/2 160 50 105 45 160 50 105 90 160 50 105

. **All dimension in millimeters ______________________________________________________________________________________ *All “National” uPVC fittings described above are available in Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) as well as Type 600 kPa (6 PN) pressure class. *Any intermediate angles can be supplied on request. Contact the Technical Division.

Used where long radius turns are required, smaller friction loss compared to elbow

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE


Fabricated Fittings Range ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bends ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B

** All these Bends are heat treated and formed out of PVC pipes manufactured to SLS 147 Specification without any welded joint . Socket dimension Conform to SLS 695 specification **All dimension in millimeters


Size mm

Angle Deg.

d


mm

A mm

B mm

75 11 1/4 188 59 125 22 1/2 188 59 125 45 188 59 125 90 188 59 125

90 11 1/4 250 69 140 22 1/2 250 69 140 45 250 69 140 90 250 69 140

110 11 1/4 315 83 170 22 1/2 315 83 170 45 315 83 170 90 315 83 170

160 11 1/4 480 118 270 22 1/2 480 118 270 45 480 118 270 90 480 118 270

225 11 1/4 675 175 360 22 1/2 675 175 360 45 675 175 360 90 676 175 360

280 11 1/4 840 220 448 22 1/2 840 220 448 45 840 220 448 90 840 220 448

Used where long radius turns are required , smaller friction loss compared to elbow

______________________________________________________________________________________ *All “National” uPVC fittings described above are available in Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) as well as Type 600 kPa (6 PN) pressure class. *Any intermediate angles can be supplied on request. Contact the Technical Division

PIPE SYSTEM

Central Industries PLC. 3.17

________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE


Fabricated Fittings Range _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bends _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Bend Socket /Spigot (Ring Seal Type) Nominal

Size Mm

Angle Deg.

d


mm

A mm

B mm

C mm

63 11 1/4 137 120 105 125 22 1/2 137 120 105 125 45 137 120 105 125 90 137 120 105 125

75 11 1/4 188 125 120 130 22 1/2 188 125 120 130 45 188 125 120 130 90 188 125 120 130

90 11 1/4 250 130 140 135 22 1/2 250 130 140 135 45 250 130 140 135 90 250 130 140 135

110 11 1/4 315 150 170 155 22 1/2 315 150 170 155 45 315 150 170 155 90 315 150 170 155

160 11 1/4 480 175 270 180 22 1/2 480 175 270 180 45 480 175 270 180 90 480 175 270 180

225 11 1/4 675 205 330 230 22 1/2 675 205 330 230 45 675 205 330 230 90 676 205 330 230

280 11 1/4 840 245 400 260 22 1/2 840 245 400 260 45 840 245 400 260 90 840 245 400 260

______________________________________________________________________________________ *All “National” uPVC fittings described above are available in Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) as well as Type 600 kPa (6 PN) pressure class. *Any intermediate angles can be supplied on request. Contact the Technical Division.

Used where long radius turns are required , smaller friction loss compared to elbow

AB

B

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE


Fabricated Fittings Range _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bends _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B A

A

B

** All these Bends are heat treated and formed out of PVC pipes manufactured to SLS 147 Specification without any welded joint . Socket dimension Conform to ISO 1452 specification **All dimension in millimeters

Bend Socket /Socket (Ring Seal Type) Nominal

Size Mm

Angle Deg.

d


mm

A mm

B mm

C Mm

63

11 1/4

160

110

105

125

22 1/2 160 110 105 125 45 160 110 105 125 90 160 110 105 125

75 11 1/4 188 115 120 130 22 1/2 188 115 120 130 45 188 115 120 130 90 188 115 120 130

90 11 1/4 250 120 140 135 22 1/2 250 120 140 135 45 250 120 140 135 90 250 120 140 135

110 11 1/4 315 130 170 155 22 1/2 315 130 170 155 45 315 130 170 155 90 315 130 170 155

160 11 1/4 480 150 270 180 22 1/2 480 150 270 180 45 480 150 270 180 90 480 150 270 180

225 11 1/4 675 170 330 230 22 1/2 675 170 330 230 45 675 170 330 230 90 676 170 330 230

280 11 1/4 840 190 400 260 22 1/2 840 190 400 260 45 840 190 400 260 90 840 190 400 260

______________________________________________________________________________________ *All “National” uPVC fittings described above are available in Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) as well as Type 600 kPa (6 PN) pressure class. *Any intermediate angles can be supplied on request. Contact the Technical Division

Used where long radius turns are required ,smaller friction loss compared to elbow.

PIPE SYSTEM


_______________________________________ PRODUCT GUIDE Fabricated Fittings Range _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Flanged Socket _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Flanged Socket

Nominal Size Mm

A mm

B mm

63 75 90

110 160 225 280

210 230 255 280 380 420 450

110 115 120 130 150 170 190

Consists of a tapered core and steel flange on one a rubber ring seal on the other ; end and Used for connecting uPVC pipes to flanged fittings and appliances.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ *All “National” uPVC fittings described above are suitable for Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) pressure class unless stated otherwise. *Threads if frecast on fittings comply with BS 21: pipe thread specifications..

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE


Accessories ______________________________________________________________________________________ Saddle _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Saddle

Nominal Size mm

20

25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110

Used for correctly fixing pipes to walls and other surfaces. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tapered Core _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tapered Core

Nominal Size

A

B

C

D

E

32 40 50 63 75 90

110 140 160 225 280

29 36 46 57 67 81

104 132 151 211 262

28 35 44 55 65 79

102 129 148 208 259

42 50 65 76 88 100 123 159 179 243 297

29 30 40 40 45 45 45 55 65 65 70

3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Fixed on to the end of uPVC pipe internally with solvent to form a tapered end on the pipe. *Tapered core to be used with Steel Tapered Flange. ______________________________________________________________________________________

A C B

E

D

PIPE SYSTEM


_________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE


Accessories - Steel _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Flange Connection _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Flange Connection

Flange connection is used for making thrust resistant connection on to valves and other types of fittings as well as in above ground process pipe system. Flanges are drilled to BS 4504: 1989 in pressure classes PN 10 and PN 16 Washers must be used under the bolt head and the nut, to spread the screw forces evenly on the flange and to protect anticorrosive coatings. suitable flange gaskets shall be used between flanges. * Also available TAPERED flange and BLANK flange in above range.

_____________________________________________________

Nominal Size mm

A

mm

B

mm

C

mm

Bolting

No. of Bolts

63 75 90 110 140 160 225 280

165 185 200 220 250 285 340 395

125 145 160 180 210 240 295 350

18 18 18 18 18 22 22

22/26

M16 M16 M16 M16 M16 M20 M20 M20/M24

4 4 8 8 8 8

8/12 12

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE


Accessories ______________________________________________________________________________________ Rubber Rings ______________________________________________________________________________________ Rubber Rings.

Nominal SIZE

mm 63

75 90

110 160 225 280

______________________________________________________________________________________ “National” Solvent Cement ______________________________________________________________________________________

Solvent Cement.

Available Size (gram.)

15 25 50

100 250 500

______________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

uPVC Soil Waste and Drainage System SLS 1325:2007 (ISO 3633:2002) ______________________________________________________________________________________ “National” Drainage pipes which comply to SLS 1325 :2007 (ISO 3633 : 2002) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Nominal Size Mean Outside Diameter

Thickness

min max

50 63

110 160

50.0- 50.2 63.0- 63.2 110.0-110.3 160.0-160.4

3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2

3.3 3.3 3.6 3.6

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Injection Moulded Drainage Fittings Range _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Elbow 45 0 /Bend comply to SLS 1325 :2007 (ISO 3633 : 2002) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Elbow 45 0 /Bend

Nominal Size mm

A

mm

B

mm

63

143

103

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Elbow 45 0 with Inspection Eye /Bend (I.O) comply to SLS 1325:2007 (ISO 3633: 2002) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Elbow 45 0 with Inspection Eye /Bend (I.O)

Nominal Size mm

A

mm

B

mm

63

143

118

________________________________________________________________ 63mm Sweep Tee comply to SLS 1325:2007 (ISO 3633: 2002) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 63mm Sweep Tee

Nominal Size

mm

A

mm

B

mm

63

164

125

______________________________________________________________________________________ *Above fittings are recommended for non pressure application

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

uPVC Soil Waste and Drainage System Injection Moulded Drainage Fittings Range SLS 1325:2007 (ISO 3633:2002) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 63mm Sweep Tee with Inspection Eye comply to SLS 1325:2007 (ISO 3633: 2002) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

63mm Sweep Tee with Inspection Eye

Nominal Size mm

A

mm

B

mm

63

164

142

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Elbow _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Elbow 90 0

Nominal Size mm

A

mm

B

mm

110

164

50.60

______________________________________________________________________________________ “National” Tees ______________________________________________________________________________________

Single Tee 90 0

Nominal Size mm

A

mm

B

mm

110

218.6

167.92


A

A

B

B

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

uPVC Soil Waste and Drainage System ISO 3633, BS5255,BS4514,BS4660 Injection Moulded Drainage Fittings Range _________________________________________________________450 Bend

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 450 Bend

D

mm

S

mm

L

mm

L1

mm

�

mm

110

51.5

135

78.5

450

160

77

196

115

450

_________________________________________________________ 450 Bend M/F With I/O _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 450 Bend M/F With I/O

D

mm

S

mm

L

mm

L1

mm

�

110

51.5

135

78.5

450

160

77

196

115

450 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 880 Sweep Bend M/F _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 880 Sweep Bend M/F

D

mm

S

mm

L

mm

L1

mm

H

mm

110

51.5

126

121

52.5

160

77

192

192

80


PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

uPVC Soil Waste and Drainage System ISO 3633, BS5255,BS4514,BS4660 Injection Moulded Drainage Fittings Range _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 880 Sweep Bend M/F With I/O _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 880 Sweep Bend M/F With I/O

D

mm

S

mm

L

mm

L1

mm

d

mm

110

51.5

126

121

52.5

160

77

192

192

80

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 880 Sweep Bend With Big I/O F/F or M/F _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 880 Sweep Bend M/F With Big I/O F/F or M/F

D

mm

S

mm

L

mm

L1

mm

d

mm

110

51.5

126

121

92

160

77

192

192

118

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sweep Junction M/F _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sweep Junction M/F

D

mm

L

mm

H

mm

H1

mm

�

110

130

250

142.5

880

160

187

357

190

880

50

70

128

70

880


PIPE SYSTEM


_______________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

uPVC Soil Waste and Drainage System ISO 3633, BS5255,BS4514,BS4660 Injection Moulded Drainage Fittings Range _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sweep Junction M/F With I/O _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sweep Junction M/F With I/O

D

mm

L

mm

H

mm

H1

mm

�

50

70

128

70

880

110

130

250

142.5

880

160

187

357

190

880

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sweep Junction With Big Access F/F or M/F _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sweep Junction With Big Access F/F or M/F

D

mm

d

mm

H

mm

H1

mm

L

Mm

�

110

112.7

250

142.5

130

880

160

118

357

190

187

880

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Reducing Sweep Junction M/F _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Reducing Sweep Junction M/F

Nominal

Size

mm

L

mm

D

mm

D1

mm

H

mm

H1

mm

�

110 x 160

177

160

110

315

180

880


PIPE SYSTEM


______________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

uPVC Soil Waste and Drainage System ISO 3633, BS5255,BS4514,BS4660 Injection Moulded Drainage Fittings Range _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Reducing Sweep Junction M/F With I/O _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Reducing Sweep Junction M/F With I/O

Nominal

Size

mm

L

mm

D

mm

D1

mm

H

mm

H1

mm

�

110 x 160

177

160

110

315

180

880

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Y - Junction M/F With I/O or W/O I/O _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Y - Junction M/F With I/O or W/O I/O

D

Mm

L

mm

H

mm

H1

mm

160

198

396

318

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Reducing Y- Junction M/F or F/F With I/O _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Reducing Y- Junction M/F or F/F With I/O

Nominal Size

mm

D

mm

D1

mm

L

mm

H

mm

H1

mm

110 x 160

160

110

141

380

256


PIPE SYSTEM


_______________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

uPVC Soil Waste and Drainage System ISO 3633, BS5255,BS4514,BS4660 Injection Moulded Drainage Fittings Range _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Floor Trap Gully _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Floor Trap Gully

D

mm

d

mm

d1

mm

H

mm

H1

mm

H2

mm

110

75

50

120

30

15.2

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Adjusttable S-Trap With and Without I/O _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Adjusttable S-Trap With and Without I/O

D

mm

S

mm

H1

mm

H

mm

C

mm

50

25

77

122

130

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Adjusttable P-Trap With and Without I/O _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Adjusttable P-Trap With and Without I/O

D

mm

S

mm

C1

mm

H1

mm

H2

mm

50

25

133

77

111

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 100mm Round Base Grating-Spigot & anti insect device (optional) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 100mm Round Base Grating-Spigot & anti insect device (optional)

D

mm

S

mm

H1

mm

H

mm

C

mm

110

51.5

126

121

92

160

77

192

192

118


PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

uPVC Soil Waste and Drainage System ISO 3633, BS5255,BS4514,BS4660 Injection Moulded Drainage Fittings Range _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Top Tile _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Top Tile

Size

mm

A

mm

B

mm

C

mm

D

mm

E

mm

H

mm

110

147.5

109.8

15

110

122.4

28.3

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vent Cowl _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vent Cowl

D

mm

S

mm

H

mm

110

46.5

100

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Access Cap & Plug _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Access Cap & Plug

D

mm

S

mm

H

mm

H1

mm

110

30

80

50

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Double Sweep Junction

D

mm

L

mm

H

mm

H1

mm

110

128

250

140


PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

uPVC Soil Waste and Drainage System ISO 3633, BS5255, BS4514, BS4660 Injection Moulded Drainage Fittings Range _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Testing Opening F/F _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Testing Opening F/F

D

mm

S

mm

H

mm

L

mm

110

52

92

230

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vent Cowl _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vent Cowl

D

mm

D1

mm

S

mm

H

mm

C

mm

110

56

52

170

135

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Off Set Pan Collar _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Off Set Pan Collar

D

mm

D1

mm

S

mm

L

mm

H

mm

84

102.5

52

15.5

114

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Flange Socket _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Size

mm

D

mm

D1

mm

H

mm

H1

mm

C

mm

63 63 165 45 16 125

75 75 185 52 17 145

90 90 200 63 18 160

110 110 220 73 20 180

160 160 285 100 24 240


PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

uPVC Soil Waste and Drainage System Fabricate Drainage Fittings Range ______________________________________________________________________________________”National” Trap ______________________________________________________________________________________ “ P “ Trap

Nominal Size mm

A mm

B mm

C mm

D mm

E (Deg)

32 40 50 63 90 100

195 220 245 300 550 600

110 135 155 200 330 375

120 135 145 180 250 300

115 130 150 190 400 450

5-10 5-10 5-10 5-10 5-10 5-10

______________________________________________________________________________________ “ S “ Trap

Nominal Size

mm

A

mm

B

mm

C

mm

D

mm

E

mm

40 50 63

300 360 435

300 360 400

235 260 300

95 110 140

25 25 32


PIPE SYSTEM


_______________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

Rain Water System _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

“National” Gutter _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

A

mm

B mm

C

mm

D mm

Length Mtrs.

118.50

42.50

45.75

53.73

3.66

______________________________________________________________________________________ “National” Down pipe ______________________________________________________________________________________ Mean out

Side diameter mm

Thickens

mm

Length

Mtr.

91.15 – 91.35

0.95 – 1.10

3.66

______________________________________________________________________________________ “National” Down pipe elbow ______________________________________________________________________________________ Nominal

Size mm

A mm

B mm

C mm

D mm

�

90

37.30

37.30

88.90

92.55

80

_____________________________________________________________________________________

*Gutter fittings( gutter bracket, miter joiner, gutter joiner, gutter end cap, centre running head,) are available to complete the rang

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

uPVC Electrical Insulation System ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

“National” Conduits _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

“National” Conduits Nominal

Size

mm

Mean Outside Diameter

mm

Wall Thickness

mm

Min Max Min Max

18mm (5/8”) 20mm(3/4”) 25mm (1”) 32mm(1 1/4”) 40mm(1 1/2”) 50mm(2”)

15.75 18.95 25.05 32.05 40.05 50.05

15.95 19.15 25.25 32.25 40.25 50.25

0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6

0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.8

*The colour of the “NATIONAL” conduit is yellow and standard length is 4 meter. (Marking in Blue Colour) ______________________________________________________________________________________ “CILTEC” Conduits Nominal

Size

mm

Mean Outside Diameter

mm

Wall Thickness

mm

Min Max Min Max

18mm (5/8”) 20mm(3/4”) 25mm (1”) 32mm(1 1/4”) 40mm(1 1/2”) 50mm(2”)

15.75 18.95 25.05 32.05 40.05 50.05

15.95 19.15 25.25 32.25 40.25 50.25

0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.6

0.7 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8

*The colour of the “CILTEC” conduit is yellow and standard length is 4 meter. (Marking in Black Colour)

_________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

Electrical Insulation Fitting System _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Socket _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Socket Nominal Size

mm

18 20 25 30 40 50

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Saddles _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Saddles Nominal Size

mm

18 20 25 30 40 50

______________________________________________________________________________________ Bend ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bend Nominal Size

mm

18 20 25 30 40 50

______________________________________________________________________________________ Box ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Through Box 2 way

Nominal Size mm

18 20 25 30 40 50

_________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE Electrical Insulation Fitting System ______________________________________________________________________________________ Box ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Angle Box 2 Way

Nominal Size Mm

18 20 25 30 40 50

______________________________________________________________________________________ End Box 1 Way Nominal Size

mm

18 20 25 30 40 50

______________________________________________________________________________________ Inter Section Box 4 Way

Nominal Size mm

18 20 25 30 40 50

______________________________________________________________________________________ Tee Box

Nominal Size mm

18 20 25 30 40 50

______________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

PE Pipes for Pressure application ISO 4427

______________________________________________________________________________________ “National” PE Pipes for pressure application _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________ Pipes and Accessories for duct-way of telephone underground cables. uPVC Pipes ______________________________________________________________________________________ Pipes ______________________________________________________________________________________

Nominal Size mm

Outside Diameter

mm D

L

mm

l

mm

d1

mm

t

mm

100

110

6100

100

110.5

5

50

56

6100

100

56.5

3

**Material uPVC _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Nominal Diameter

(mm)

Mean Outside

Diameter (mm)

Wall Thickness

(mm)

Pressure Class

(Bar)

PE Grade SDR Value

Min Max Min Max 20 20.0 20.3 2.0 2.3 10 100 17 25 25.0 25.3 2.0 2.3 10 100 17 32 32.0 32.3 2.0 2.3 10 100 17 40 40.0 40.4 2.4 2.8 10 100 17 50 50.0 50.4 3.0 3.4 10 100 17 63 63.0 63.4 3.8 4.3 10 100 17

PIPE SYSTEM


_______________________________________ Pipes and Accessories for ductcables. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Bends ______________________________________________________________________________________

Sockets

Flared Mouth

_________________________________________________________

_______________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

Pipes and Accessories for duct-way of telephone underground

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

**Material uPVC

Socket

Size mm

L1 mm

L2 mm

L

mm

50

100

100

300

100

100

100

300

** Material uPVC

Flared Mouth

Size mm

L1 mm

L2 mm

L

mm50 100 100 300

100

100

100

300

** Material uPVC

_________________________________________________________


Size mm

Angle Deg.

d

r radius mm

A mm

50

30

1600

100

60 800 100 90 500 100

110 30 2500 100 60 1300 100 90 800 100

3.38

PRODUCT GUIDE

way of telephone underground

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

d1

mm

D mm

T

mm

56.5

56 3

110.5

110

5

mm

d1

mm

D mm

T

mm 56.5 56 3

110.5

110 5

_________________________________________________________

Bend Socket /Spigot (Solvent Type)

B mm

C mm

d1 mm

100

200

56.5

150 400 56.5 150 400 56.5

100 200 110.5 150 400 110.5 150 400 110.5

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

Pipes and Accessories for duct-way of telephone underground cables Coupler

110 mm PVC /GI Coupler

HDPE Telecom sub ducts for fiber optic system. Pipes ______________________________________________________________________________________

Nominal Size mm

Wall Thickness

mm

Colour

Length

mtr

32

2.3-2.8

Black

100

**Material High Density Polyethylene

HDPE Sub – Ducts Accessories

Size mm

A

mm

B

mm

C

mm

t

mm

110

98

60

175

6

4 inch thread (BSP)

c

** Material uPVC

**Spacers, Dust cap and other required fittings are available to complete the range

PIPE SYSTEM


_______________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

Pipes and Accessories for duct-way of telephone underground cables HDPE Pipe Connecter ______________________________________________________________________________________

32 mm Socket

Size mm

A

mm

B

mm

C

mm

t

mm

32

60

10

148

1.8

** Material uPVC

HDPE Telecom sub ducts for fiber optic system. Rubber Spacer

32 mm Rubber Spacer

Size mm

d1

mm

D

mm

t

mm

32

32

100

11

** Material Rubber End Cap 32 mm End Cap

Size mm

A

mm

B

mm

t

mm

32

32

23.50

3

** Material uPVC

_________________________________________________________

t

PIPE SYSTEM


______________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

_____________________________________________________________________________________ Water Tanks _____________________________________________________________________________________

**Material Polyethylene ______________________________________________________________________________________ Septic Tank ______________________________________________________________________________________

**Material Polyethylene GREENTEC Septic tank *Light weight * Easy Handling * Vertical Installation need less space * Suitable for a house hold with 5-6 person ______________________________________________________________________________________

Size Ltr.

d (mm) d (mm) d (mm) d (mm) D (mm) H (mm)

350

425 - 445

710 - 730

930 - 960

500

425 - 445

860 - 890

1010 - 1040

1000

425 - 445

1050 - 1090

1320 - 1350

2000

385 - 390

1380 - 1420

1520 - 1550

Material PE

unit

Dimensions Width (D) mtr 1.300 Height (H) mtr 1.560 Inlet Depth(H2) mtr 0.270 Outlet Depth(H1) mtr 0.315 Inlet & Outlet Sizes (d1=d2)

mm 110

Air vent (d3) mm 32 Capacity Septic volume litres 1000 Weight Kg. 60

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE ______________________________________________________________________________________ Stainless Steel Tank ______________________________________________________________________________________

Manufacture out of Food grade Stainless steel material. Ideal for storage of everything from water , Diary , Chemicals and food processing *Most hygienic way of storing water *No algae formation *Wash out at the bottom for easy maintenance *Keeps water cool *Long lasting * Elegant *Light in weight *Easy to handle Garden Hose _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Capacity (litre)

ØØØØ D1 (mm)

ØØØØ D2 (mm)

H1 (mm)

H2 (mm)

H3 (mm)

*Ø*Ø*Ø*Ø d2 (mm)

*Ø*Ø*Ø*Ø d1, d3,d4 (mm)

**Weight (kg)

450 710 395 900 1200 350 50 32 9.5 500 770 395 900 1140 350 50 32 10.5 850 880 395 1210 1540 350 50 32 18.0 1000 880 395 1480 1780 350 50 32 21.5 1250 1050 395 1210 1580 350 50 32 22.5

Size Length(mtr.) ½” 15 mtr /30 mtr ¾” 15 mtr /30 mtr 1” 15 mtr /30 mtr

PIPE SYSTEM


__________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN

Basic Considerations Internal Hydrostatic Pressure Pressure Temperature Derating Flow Characteristics Thermal Expansion Design Applications of water supply systems Water Demands Peak Factors Fire Demands Hydraulic Analysis Water Hammer Design of Thrust Blocks Appliances Relating to water distribution systems External Conditions Affecting pipeline design

Design of Building Plumbing Portable water supply systems Drainage systems Sizing of Drainage pipes Cleanouts Grade of Drainage Piping Venting

PIPE SYSTEM


_______________________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN Basic Design Considerations When designing a pipe system the following have to be determined. * Diameter and pressure class of pipe to be used * Jointing System (e.g. Solvent sockets, Ring seal type ,Flanges etc.) * Supporting arrangements to withstand bearing pressure and thermal effects. The following information is provided to assist in determining the above * Internal hydrostatic pressure * Flow characteristics. * Effect of temperature variation on uPVC pipes

Internal Hydrostatic Pressure The internal hydrostatic pressure test specified in SLS 147:1993 require that the pipes when tested according to the method described therein, shall withstand a test pressure calculated from the following formula. P = 2 σσσσ t (dm-t) where, P = test pressure in MPa σ = Induced stress in MPa (=36 MPa) t = minimum wall thickness in mm dm = mean outside diameter in mm Refer Product Guide for mean outside diameter and minimum thickness for pipes. The minimum test pressure for testing at 29 0C ±1 , deduced from the above formula for all pipe sizes are as follows:- Specified Pressure Class

T 1000

T 600

T 400

T 250

Calculated test Pressure Mpa

4360

2630

1750

1100

Factor of Safety = calculated test pressure Specified pressure class

4.36

4.36

4.36

4.36

According to the SLS 147 specification the minimum Factor of Safety (F.O.S) should be 4.3 against bursting at 29 0C. However pressure test have shown that “National” uPVC pipes have a higher F.O.S varying from 4.5 to 6.0.

PIPE SYSTEM


__________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN Sensitivity of Pressure to Temperature uPVC pipe system pressure ratings apply at the standard temperature of 29 0 C. Where system are required to operate at higher temperature pressure ratings should be adjusted as indicated graph in below.(A design life of 50 years has been assumed) The maximum operating temperature for a “NATIONAL” pipeline under continuous pressure is 45 0C In circumstances where the anticipated working pressure exceeds the maximum rating of the pipe obtained from the graph, it may still be possible to use the pipe but with a reduced life expectancy.

Flow Characteristics The flow characteristic of a pipe is dependent on the internal pipe diameter and the frictional resistance of the pipe wall.“NATIONAL” uPVC pipes have extremely smooth internal surfaces and excellent chemical resistance(see annexure - 02). Thus the internal surfaces inhibit deposition as well as scouring. The hydraulic characteristics are found to remain constant during the life of the system. Over sizing of pipe to cater for future performance losses is not required.

Relationship between recommended sustainableworking pressure and temperature

Temperature C

pres

sure

(B

ar)

0123456789

10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Maximum operatingtemperature

PIPE SYSTEM


__________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN Friction Formula. Hazin - Williams formula is commonly used for estimating the head losses due to friction in pipelines. Hazen - Williams Formula. V = 0.85 CR 0.63 S 0.54 Where V = Velocity of flow. M/sec. C = Hazen William’s Coefficient S = Slope of the energy line m/m R = Hydraulic radius m Table 4.1 Values of Hazen - William’s Coefficient C

Pipe material

C

Concrete (regardless of age) Cast iron:- New 5 years old 20 years old Welded steel, new Vitrified Clay Polyvinyl Chloride

130 130 120 100 120 110

140 - 150 Friction Chart based on Hazen - William’s Formula can be used for rapid calculation of the head loss due to friction in uPVC Pipes.

PIPE SYSTEM



Friction Chart Based on Hazen - William’s Formula V = 0.85 CR 0.63 S 0.54

= 0.85 C (D/4) 0.63 (H/L) 0.54 Where, C = Hazen William’s Coefficient (140)* D = Pipe internal diameter (Metre) H = Head loss in meter. L = Length of pipe in meter (1000) * For uPVC pipes

Flow rate (l/sec) {0.001 m 3/sec} Example:- The discharge is a 75 mm pipe (internal diameter 69 mm) is 7 liters/sec. What is the head loss per 1000 meter? To find the velocity of water in the pipe, draw a vertical line from the point corresponding to a flow rate 7 liters/sec to meet the 69 mm diameter line. This corresponding to the point “A” . Point “ A” lies between 1.5m/s and 2.0m/s contours. By interpolating, the velocity is obtained as 1.88 m/s. To find the head loss in meter per 1000 meter, draw a horizontal line through point “A” to meet the vertical axis. This corresponds to point “B” which is 59. This means that the loss of head is 59 meter per 1000 meters.

H

EA

D L

OSS

IN

ME

TR

E P

ER

100

0 M

ET

RE

S

PIPE SYSTEM


_________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN Head loss due to Fittings Head losses are caused by abrupt changes in flow geometry as a result of changes in pipe size, bends valves and fittings of all types. In long pipe lines these minor losses can often be neglected without serious error. In short pipelines, however, these losses may be significant. Minor losses under turbulent flow conditions vary approximately with the square of the velocity and are usually expressed as a function of velocity head.

h = k.V 2 2.g Where, h = head loss V = velocity of flow g = gravitational acceleration Common “K” values are as follows Type /Item Valu

e “K”

Type /Item Value “K”

a Valves Bell mouth entrance from reservoir Square edge entrance from reservoir Gate valve wide open Gate valve half open

0.04 0.50 0.20 5.60

d.Bends Radius of 2 x diameter Bend Deflection angle 90 0 45 0 22 1/2 0

0.30 0.22 0.15

b. Fittings Standard equal Tee Standard 90 0 elbow

1.80 0.90

Radius of 4 x diameter Bend Deflection angle 90 0 45 0 22 1/2 0

0.25 0.19 0.12

c Abrupt Contraction. (Velocity after contraction) D2/D1 = 0 D2/D1 = 0.4 D2/D1 = 0.6 D2/D1 = 0.8 D2/D1 = 1.0

0.50 0.40 0.30 0.10 0.00


0.15 0.11 0.08

c. Bends Radius of 1 x diameter bend Deflection angle 90 0

45 0 22 1/2 0

0.50 0.37 0.25


0.15 0.11 0.08

Alternatively the head loss due to fittings could be assessed by representing the fittings with an “equivalent” pipe length, which is defined as a length of pipe of the same diameter that would result in a head loss equal to that of the respective fitting.

PIPE SYSTEM


_________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN Pressure Loss in Fittings

PIPE SYSTEM


_________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN

Thermal Expansion

The Thermal expansion in pipes is estimated as,

∆∆∆∆L = L αααα ∆∆∆∆T Where, ∆∆∆∆L = Change in length α = Coefficient of linear expansion 0 C -1

∆∆∆∆T = Change in temperature 0 C The coefficient of linear expansion of uPVC is approximately 60x10-6 meter per meter per degree Centigrade. If a straight pipe section is restrained from expansion by anchoring, the longitudinal thermal stress σ t can be expressed as, σσσσ t = E∆∆∆∆ L = E αααα ∆∆∆∆ T L Where E = Elastic modulus of uPVC It could be observed that longitudinal thermal stress is independent of length or the diameter of the pipe. Expansion joints are provided where necessary, to reduce temperature stresses. The use of pipes with ring seal type joints (RS) will entirely prevent the development of thermal stresses, as expansion is accommodated at the rubber ring joint. Other methods of overcoming damaging effect of thermal expansion are discussed in INSTALLATION GUIDE.

PIPE SYSTEM



Design application of water supply systems Pipe systems are designed for carrying capacity (flow) and pressure conditions. Thus assessment of the water demands and the requirement of pressure are basic considerations in design of water supply systems.

Water Demands The water demand in a system is assessed taking into account domestic, industrial, commercial and institutional usage. Domestic water demands are estimated based on the served population and the corresponding per capita consumption. Different values of per capita consumption are adopted for population served through common outlets, and for urban and rural areas. Values of per capita consumption

Type of service Per Capita Consumption (l/per capita day) Individual Services - Urban Individual Services - Rural Public Stand Posts

180

140

45

Other special demands such as industrial, commercial, institutional etc. are estimated based on consumption norms. Guidelines are given below.

Usage Consumption (litres/day) Hospital (per bed) Hotels (per bed) Boarding schools (per resident) Restaurant (per seat) Bus/ Railway stations (per user) Day schools (per pupil) Office (per person) Factories (per person) Cinemas (per seat)

200 - 300 180 - 700 100 - 160 60 - 90 15 - 20 15 - 30 25 - 40 20 - 30 10 - 15

Design period adopted for water systems could vary from 20 to 30 years. The water demands are projected for the design period using appropriate growth and demand factors.

PIPE SYSTEM


_________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN Peak Factors A variation of the daily consumption of water occurs due to seasonal climatic changes. The daily peak factor is defined as P.F. (Daily) = Max. day demand Avg. day demand The daily peak factor is found to vary between 1.10 to 1.15. This factor should be considered in designing of pumped and gravity water transmission pipe lines. Further, over a day there is an hourly variation of water consumption. The hourly peak factor is defined as, P.F. (Hourly) = Max. day demand Avg. day demand The hourly peak factor varies with the size of population served. The variation could be as high as 3.0 for small communities down to 1.5 for very large communities. The hourly peak factor should be considered in the design of water distribution systems.

Fire Demands In addition to normal consumption, a water distribution system should be designed to cater for fire fighting water requirements . The design draw off could vary from 20 to 80 liters/sec depending on the level of risk involved.

Hydraulic Analysis In order to carry out hydraulic analysis of a water supply system the pipe network is represented in the form of a nodal diagram. The water demands corresponding to the respective pipes are converted to nodal draw offs. Pipe systems could be either simple “Branch” systems or “Looped” systems.

Branch pipe network

Source

10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

PIPE SYSTEM


__________________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN

Hydraulic Analysis

Loop pipe network Source 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Hydraulic analysis is carried out to satisfy the residual pressure requirements of the pipe system. Residual pressure is defined as the pressure head available at any point of the distribution system. In local practices, distribution systems are designed for a minimum residual head of 10 meters. This would facilitate supply of water to two story buildings. Hydraulic analysis of “Branch” system is straight forward and manual methods may be adopted. However, iterative methods should be applied for analysis of looped systems. Standard computer software is available for hydraulic analysis of looped pipe networks. Sizing of the pipe network is carried out based on the hydraulic analysis so that required residual pressure is maintained. The class of pipe is determined considering the internal pressure subjected to the pipe.

Water Hammer If the water flow in the pipe is abruptly shut out or decelerated, the kinetic energy of the water column is converted to pressure energy producing a series of pressure waves that travels back and forth in the pipe line until they are dampened by friction. The water in the pipe is compressed, thus stretching the pipe walls. This phenomenon is called “Water Hammer." It could occur due to sudden closure of a valve or due to stoppage of pumps in a forced main. The propagation speed of the pressure wave is expressed by the formula,

C 2 = K g /n 1+K d E t Where. C - Velocity of pressure wave (m/sec). K - Bulk modules of liquid (Kg/m 2) (K=2.05 x 10 8 for Water at 28 C) E - Modules of elasticity of pipe material (Kg/m 2) (E=3.19 x 10 8 for uPVC) g - Gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/sec 2) d - inside diameter of pipe (m) t - Wall thickness of pipe n - Specific gravity

PIPE SYSTEM


__________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN Water Hammer If the length of the pipe is L, the wave travels back and forth in time t given by.

t = 2 L C If the time of closure t c < t, The Water Hammer pressure is approximated as.

P = n C V g Where, V - initial velocity or flow If t < t c , the full pressure will not be realized. The water hammer pressure is approximated as,

P 1 = t c p = 2 L n V t t g The pipe should be capable of withstanding the total pressure, i.e., static pressure plus water hammer pressure. When pressure due to water hammer has been considered, the allowable working pressure for the pipe is taken as, 1.1 x working pressure rating of pipe. In gravity water distribution systems, the effect of water hammer is not very significant. However, in pumped systems, Water Hammer effects could be significant and should be considered in the design. Water hammer due to power failure that is instantaneous could be most critical. Limiting the flow velocities would minimize water hammer effects due to shutting off pumps. In situations where the pipeline cannot withstand surge pressures, specially designed surge vessels are installed. (Technical Division).

PIPE SYSTEM



Extra Pressure Developed By Water Hammer in Pipe System Extra Pressure (Kg/cm 2) Fluid Speed (m/sec)

Example:- Data- Static pressure P = 4 kg/cm 2 Fluid speed V = 1 m/sec Time of closure of the valve T = 3 sec From V = 1m/sec draw a horizontal line until it meets the line L = 100m. Drop a horizontal line from this point until it

meets the line T = 3 sec. A vertical line from this point will obtain the extra pressure of 8.0 kg /cm 2 Total pressure which acts in the tube is P = 4+8 =12 kg/cm

PIPE SYSTEM



Design of Thrust Blocks. Thrust forces occur in pipelines at dead ends, changes of direction of flow or where the cross section of the pipe is reduced. Thrust blocks or anchors should be provided to withstand such forces. Forces at bends and changes in cross section. A change in the direction or magnitude of flow velocity is accompanied by a change in the momentum of the fluid. The forces required to produce this change in momentum is developed from the pressure variation within the fluid and from forces transmitted to the fluid from pipe walls. Forces at horizontal pipe bends and contractions Impulsive momentum principal could be applied to determine thrust forces acting on pipelines. Applying impulsive momentum principal in x and y directions, the forces F x, F y is deduced. F x = P1 A1 - P2A2Cosθθθθ - ρρρρQ (V 2 Cosθθθθ - V1) F y = P2A2Sinθθθθ + ρρρρQV2 Sinθθθθ Where, ρ = Density of the fluid Q = Rate of flow in pipe V = Velocity of flow For a pipe bend of uniform section V1 = V2 and P1 ≅ P2

Similarly the axial force acting on the body of water in a contracting section of a pipeline, a reducer for example can be estimated from the following formula. F = P1 A1 - P2A2 - ρρρρQ (V 2 - V1) In each of the aforementioned two cases , forces equivalent and opposite to that of F x , Fy and F are transferred on to the pipeline. Suitable thrust blocks have to be provided to resist these forces.

PIPE SYSTEM



Design of Thrust Blocks.

Typical Configurations of Thrust Block are indicated below

PIPE SYSTEM


_________________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN

Design of Thrust Blocks. Resultant Force The magnitude of the resultant force R can be calculated from F = A x P x 2.Sin (θθθθ/2) Where, A = Cross section of external pipe diameter p = Maximum proof hydraulic test pressure θ = Angle of deviation of bend For design purpose the internal hydraulic pressure is taken as the test pressure which is 1.5 x pressure rating of pipe, e.g.:- 15 bar for type 1000 (10 bar) pressure class. Thrust forces in KN calculated on the basis of 15 bar test pressure class, for common types of fittings are tabulated below. A factor of 0.67 may be used to obtain the thrust forces applicable for type 600 pipes.

Pipe

Diameter P (N) R(N)

11 0 22 0 30 0 45 0 90 0 63 75 90 110 140 160 225 280

4579 6492 9365

13947 22653 29518 58447 90515

882 1225 1765 2696 4364 5687

11179 17357

1765 2500 3579 5393 8678 11277 22359 24617

2353 3383 4854 7256

11767 15396 30302 46973

3530 4952 7207

10787 17455 22653 44718 69627

6472 9218 13238 19809 31969 41776 82375

128467

The sectional area of a thrust block required to resist the thrust force is dependent on the bearing capacity of the soil in the same direction.

Safe bearing capacity

Soil Safe soil bearing capacity (KN / m 2)

Peat Soft Clay Sand Sand and gravel Sand and gravel cemented with clay

0 65

135 200 270

PIPE SYSTEM



Appliances used in Water Distribution System

Air Valves Air would get into pipelines when there is intermittent water supply or while attending to maintenance works such as leak repairs, servicing of valves etc. Accumulated air could form pockets, thus obstructing the flow. Also, compressed air could cause damage to pipes. Air would rise to the higher elevations in the pipe line. Air valves are installed at high points of the pipeline profile. Two types of air valves namely, single orifice type which is a one way air release valve and the double orifice type which could release as well as intake air are available. Single orifice air valves are used on small distribution mains. Double orifice air valves are used on larger distribution mains and pumping mains.

GROUND PROFILE

AIR VALVEL

UPVC PIPE PROFILE

MANHOLE COVER

AIR VALVE

ISOLATING VALVE

UPVC PIPE

REDUCING TEE

PIPE SYSTEM


_________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN Appliances used in Water Distribution System

Scour Valves Siltation of pipe lines occur due to sediment carryover from treatment works, corrosion of pipe materials, silt entering pipe lines during pipe bursts etc. Over a period of time there could be considerable amounts of silt build up in pipe lines, causing deterioration of water quality and also reduction of pipe carrying capacity. ` Silt tends to accumulate at low points in the pipeline and at dead ends At such locations scour valves should be provided. Scour valves are also used for purposes of dewatering of pipelines for maintenance work. The scour outlet should be directed to a suitable drainage path.

External conditions affecting pipeline design. uPVC being a comparatively softer material than steel, iron or concrete, pipelines will have to be protect from heavy impact and excessive external loads like vehicle loads. This is usually achieved by burying the pipeline at a suitable depth where the intensity of external pressure is low. Exposure of uPVC pipes to direct sunlight and exposure at locations where they may be subject to vandalism should be avoided.

GROUND PROFILE

UPVC PIPE PROFILE

SCOUR VALVE LOCATION

G.I. SURFACE BOX

UPVC PROTECTION TUBE

TO DRAIN

UPVC 22 ½ BEND C.I GATE VALVE

PIPE SYSTEM


________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN

Design Considerations in Building Plumbing

Potable Water Supply Systems Sizing of Pipes The sizing of portable water supply pipe systems from the source of supply to the fixture, supply branches, risers, fixtures, and other outlets shall be based on the total demand. The quantity of water required to be supplied to every plumbing fixture shall be represented by fixture units, as given in below.

Fixture Number of Fixture Units Private use Public use Bar sink Bath tub Bidet Drinking fountain Hose bib Kitchen sink Laundry tub (clothes washer) Lawn sprinklers (each head) showers Urinal (pedestal type) Urinal (wall type) Urinal (flush type) Wash basin Water closet (flush tank) Water closet (flushometer valve)

1 2 2 - 3 2 2 1 2 - - - 1 3 6

2 4 4 1 5 4 4 1 4 10 5 3 2 5 10

The design demands (flows) corresponding to the respective fixture units could be assessed using the demand load curve on the next page. The following must be considered in determining the size of any pipe section. a. Total number of fixture units applicable. b. Developed length of supply pipe from the sources of supply to the highest fixture or outlet. c. Difference in elevation between the source and the highest figure or outlet. d. Pressure in the street main or the source of supply. e. In localities where there is a wide fluctuation of pressure in the main throughout the day, the water piping system shall be designed on the basis of the minimum pressure available.

PIPE SYSTEM



DEMAND LOAD CURVE

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Dem

and

(l/s

)

Fixture units

systems using flush tanks

systems using flush valves

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Dem

and

(l/s

)

Fixture units

systems using flush valves

systems using flush tanks

PIPE SYSTEM


__________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN Drainage Systems Sizing of drainage pipes: The unit equivalent of plumbing fixtures is given in below.

Nominal Size of Pipe (mm) 40 50 63 75 90 110 140 160 225 280 Maximum Units

Vertical 1 2 16 32 48 256 600 1380 3600 5600

Horizontal 1 1 8 14 35 216 428 720 2640 4680 Maximum

Vertical ( m)

14

20

26

45

65

91

118

155

228

-

Length Horizontal Unlimited

Sizing of Vent piping:

Nominal Size of Pipe (mm)

40 50 63 75 90 110 140 160 225 280

Vent piping

Max. Units. 1 8 24 48 84 256 600 1380 3600 -

Horizontal and Vertical

Max. Length (m)

14 18 36 55 65 91 118 155 228 -

The unit equivalent of fixtures and devices not shown in above shall be estimated on the following basis.

Discharge Capacity

Fixture Units

GPM

M 3/S ( x 10 -5)

up to 6 7 to 13 14 to 25 26 to 40

up to 45

50 to 100 105 to 190 200 to 300

1 2 4 6

The minimum sizes of vertical and/or horizontal drainage piping shall be determined from the total of all fixture units connected there to and additional, in the case of vertical drainage pipes , in accordance with their length. The maximum number of fixture units allowed on any vertical or horizontal drainage pipe , building drain or building sewer of a given size; the maximum length of any vertical drainage pipe of a given size are as follows.

PIPE SYSTEM


__________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN Unit Equivalent of Drainage Fixtures

Type of Fixture

Trap Arm size (mm) Units

Bath tubs Bidets Drinking Fountains Floor Drains Interceptors - grease , oil , solids Interceptors - sand , auto wash Laundry Tubs (clothes washers) Showers Sinks - bar , commercial Sinks - industrial , schools Sinks - flushing rim , clinic Urinals - pedestal Urinals - wall Wash Basin - single Wash Basin - in sets Water Closets - tank type Water Closets - flush valve

40 40 32 50 50 75 50 50 40 40 75 75 50 32 40 75 75

2 2 1 2 3 6 2 2 2 3 6 6 2 1 2 4 6

Cleanouts Each horizontal drainage pipe shall be provided with a clean out as its upper terminal and each run of piping, which is more than 30m in total developed length shall be provided with a clean out. An additional cleanout shall be provided in a horizontal line for each aggregate change of direction exceeding 135 degrees. Each cleanout, unless installed under an approved cover plate shall be above grade, readily accessible and so located as to serve the purpose for which it is intended. Cleanouts in piping 50 mm or less and greater than 50 mm shall be so installed that there is a clearance or not less than 300 mm and 450 mm respectively. Cleanout fittings in size shall not be less than those given below.

Size of pipe (mm) Size of cleanout (mm)

40 50 63 75

>110

40 40 63 63 90

Grade of Drainage Piping Horizontal drainage piping shall be laid in proper alignment and uniform slope of not less than 2 percent (20 mm/m) towards the point of disposal. Where it is impracticable due to structural features or obstructions, piping 110 mm in size or larger shall be laid at a slope of not less than 1 percent (10 mm/m).

PIPE SYSTEM


HANDLING TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

PIPE SYSTEM


__________HANDLING , STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION

Handling and Transportation.

“National uPVC“ pipe is a strong but lightweight material, being about one-fifth the weight of equivalent steel pipes. They are very easily handled but there is a tendency for them to be mishandled much more than their metal counterparts. This must be discouraged and reasonable care should be taken in handling and storage to prevent damage. When loading pipes on to vehicles, care should be taken not to allow them to come into contact with any sharp corners such as Cope irons, loose nail heads or the like, as pipes may be damaged by being rubbed against these during transit. Pipes may be off - loaded from vehicles by rolling those gently down timbers, care being taken to ensure that pipes do not fall one upon another or onto any hard or uneven surface. Pipes must not be thrown from transport vehicles. When mechanical handling is employed metal slings, hooks and chains must not come into direct contact with the pipe. While in transit, pipes should be well secured and supported over their length.

PIPE SYSTEM


__________HANDLING TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

Storage of pipes. Pipes should be given adequate support at all times. They should not be stacked in large random piles. Especially in warm temperatures as the bottom pipes may distort giving rise to difficulty in pipe alignment and jointing. Socketed pipe should be stacked in layers with sockets placed at alternate ends of the stack. For ideal storage pipes should be uniformly supported throughout the length. If this is not possible timber supports of at least 75mm bearing width should be placed below the bottom layer with 1 meter spacing. Pipe stacks should not exceed 1.5 meters in height. The stack should be provided with side supports at spacing not greater than 1.5 meters. Pipes of different size and wall thickness should be stacked separately. Where this is not possible, those with large diameter and/or thicker walls should be at the bottom of the stack. Pipes stacks should not be erected directly on ground with sharp projections, stones or other protuberances likely to deform them or create high point loads.

FRONT ELEVATION

END ELEVATION PLAN

Plain Ended Pipes

SOCKETED PIPES

PIPE SYSTEM


__________HANDLING TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

Stack height should be reduced if pipes are nested (i. e. pipes stored inside those of larger diameters) Reduction in stack heights should be proportional to the total weight of the nested pipes compared to the weight of pipes normally contained in such storage. ** The pipes should be stored in the shade and should not be exposed to direct sunlight. All “National uPVC ” pipes are marked with (a) National brand name (b) Sri Lanka standards institution certifications mark “SLS” (C) Nominal diameter of pipe (d) Type (Pressure Class) of pipe (e) Batch number for the purpose of correct identification All “National uPVC” pipes’ marking colours are as follows:- T 1000 - Blue T 600 - White T 400 - Red T 250 - Yellow Unless otherwise specified all the pipes are marked in Black colour

Storage of Solvent Cement Solvent cement must be stored in a cool and dry place. Storage time should not exceed a period of 12 months. Solvent is supplied ready to use, in a viscous state to ensure good cementing and therefore should not be diluted. The solvent cement must run off a stick held in inclined position. If the solvent cement is running off along the stick in lumps, it is unsuitable and must be discarded..

PIPE SYSTEM

Central Industries PLC 6. 0

____________________________________________________INSTALLATION GUIDE

Jointing Cold Solvent Cement Welding Joint Ring Seal Joint Repair Coupler

Flanged Jointing Tapered Core and Flanged Flanged Adapter Flanged Socket Flanged Spigot

Threaded Joint

Couplings Steeped Coupling V.J.Coupling

Clamp Saddle

Installation

Installation below Ground Trenches Pipe bedding Back filling Laying under special conditions Allowable radius of curvature for cold bend uPVC pipe Pressure Testing

Installation above ground Supports Precaution for thermal expansion Soil waste and sewerage application

PIPE SYSTEM



Jointing Method Cold Solvent Cement Welding

Correctly made joints using cold solvent cement welding are stronger than either pipe or fitting. They can be made more quickly and effectively. “National uPVC ” Solvent cement makes the perfect joint swelling the pvc pipe and fitting. The efficiency of the joints is greatly reduced if the jointing surfaces are not cleaned and prepared according to the following procedures. Items required for Solvent Cementing, * “National” Solvent cement * Cleaner * Clean paint brush Pipe Size Brush Type

up to 32 mm 40 mm - 63 mm 75 mm - 160 mm 225 mm - 280 mm

1/2 “ round brush 1” flat brush 2” flat brush 2 1/2 flat brush

* Absorbent Paper * Fine Toothed Saw * File or rasp * Pencil

Precautions 1. Never keep cement bottle open during breaks in application of cement. Bottle must always be tightly sealed (using insert) 2. Avoid applying cement on a wet surface (or in the rain) 3. As cement is flammable liquid ensure work area is clear of falling sparks or other sources of ignition etc.

Procedure for Cold Solvent Cement Joint 1. Ensure Pipe end is cut square and free of burrs.

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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________INSTALLATION GUIDE 2. Mating surface of pipe and socket must be clean and completely dry. 3. Mark the pipe a distance back from the end equal to the depth of the socket.

4. Stir the cement thoroughly and apply the cement evenly as quickly as possible first to the socket then to the pipe using longitudinal brush strokes. For pipes of diameter more than 110 mm two men are required for applying the solvent cement.

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5. Immediately insert the pipe into the full socket depth while rotating slightly to ensure complete and even distribution of cement. The insertion must be completed within 01 minute of applying the cement. 6. Hold joint together for a minimum of 10 seconds to ensure that the pipe does not back out of the socket. Joint should be left undisturbed for a minimum of 5 minutes. 7. Wipe off the excess cement from the joint. Do not leave a “fillet” of cement around the outside of the joint as this can weaken the joint. Care shall also be taken not to spill solvent on any pipes and fittings as this could weaken the solvent joint. Care should be taken to avoid excess deposits of cement inside small diameter fittings as this can weaken the wall of the pipe or fitting

PIPE SYSTEM


____________________________________________________INSTALLATION GUIDE 8. Replace lids after use. 9. Clean the brush with cleaner and paper. The brush must be dry of any cleaner before re - use, as this could weaken a solvent joint.

Minimum cementing length Nominal Diameter (mm)

Minimum cementing

length mm

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110 140 160 225 280

16 19 22 26 31 38 44 51 61 76 86 119 146

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____________________________________________________INSTALLATION GUIDE Approximation Estimation of Solvent Cement Requirement

Nominal Diameter (mm)

No. of joints per Kg of solvent cement

20

800

25 600 32 500 40 300 50 250 63 175 75 125 90 75

110 50 160 20 225 8 280 5

Item required for ring seal joint * Elastomeric Sealing Rings * Lubricant (vegetable soap water lubricant) * Cleaner Paper * File or rasp * Pencil * Jointing device (optional) “National” pipes are supplied with chamfered spigot ends. Pipes cut on site must be cleaned cut at right angles to their axis. The pipe cut end should be chamfered at approximately 150 for half the pipe wall thickness and deburred with a scraper.

Procedure for Ring Seal Jointing 1. The Pipes ends and the Sealing Ring must be clean.

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2. Mark an insertion depth L on the spigot end with a soft pencil. 3. Bring the rubber ring into a heart shape, let it spring into the groove and see that it is seated fully home along the entire circumference. 4. Align the two Pipes. 5. Apply a thin film of lubricant to the Rubber Ring and to the chamfer of the spigot.

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_____________________________________________________INSTALLATION GUIDE 6. Push until the pencil mark is in level with the tip of the socket. Caution :- Vaseline or other mineral oil based grease and lubricant should not be used.

Estimation of Lubricant Requirement Nominal diameter mm

Number of Joints per Kg of Lubricant for rubber ring joint.

63 75 90 110 160 225 280

100 60 60 50 30 20 20

Insertion Length Nominal diameter mm

Insertion depth l mm

63 75 90 110 160 225 280

90 100 105 110 130 155 180

Advantage of Ring Seal Joint 1. Can be used in any weather condition. 2. It can take thermal expansion and contraction. The amount of thermal expansion and contraction of buried pipes carrying cold water will normally be small and easily accommodated . 3. Can achieve angular deflection The maximum allowable angular deflection at the joint of any two adjacent Ring seal jointed pipes is 1.00 0. This gives a value for dimension “A” as follows: 4. Easy disconnecting if required. **Ring seal joint will not resist end thrust.

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_____________________________________________________INSTALLATION GUIDE

Installation of uPVC Repair Coupler Usage; (a) Repairing local damage (b) Replacing damaged portion (c) Installation new fitting oh the existing pipeline

Procedure for Installation of uPVC Repair Coupler 1. Lubricate the slip on tool and inserted into one end of the coupler. 2. Lubricate the chamfered pipe and insert to the other end of the coupler. 3. Engage the entire length of the coupler on to the pipe carefully using slip on tool and remove the tool 4. Place the replacement pipe piece, align it and pull the coupler backwards by one half of the length of the coupler.

PIPE SYSTEM


______________________________________________________INSTALLATION GUIDE

Flanged Jointing. If a PVC pipe is required to be connected to a flanged item, one of the following methods could be used.

Use of Tapered Core and Tapered Flange. The tapered flange is made out of steel, protected against corrosion. Its dimensions are according to

BS 4504, and correspond to the pressure class of the pipe system. The tapered core is made out PVC, and when fitted on to the inside of the pipe with solvent cement, the pipe flares out as shown in the diagram. The inner tapered opening of the flange is such that when

pulled away from the pipe, the tapered flange is held back due to the tapered pipe surface. This item can be connected to any flanged item of same nominal size with suitable rubber gasket placed in between, to give a leak proof joint. This joint can withstand limited tensile forces. So joint should be buried or properly anchored.

Note: The flange has to be inserted on to the pipe before fixing of the Tapered Core.

Use of Flanged Adapter. The flanged adapter shall be selected to suitable outside diameter of the PVC pipe, and the pressure class of the pipe system. The flange dimensions are as per BS 4504. Item consists of metal ring, metal flange, rubber ring and the bolting system. When the flange and ring are pulled together by tightening the nuts, the rubber

ring is compressed against the pipe and makes it water tight. This item can then be connected to any other flanged item of same nominal size with a suitable rubber gasket placed in between. This joint can withstand limited tensile force.

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Couplings

Stepped Couplings Stepped couplings are also used to connect pipes of equivalent size and different materials and consequently having marginally different outside

diameters. Sectional diagrams of such a coupling is as follows:

V. J .Couplings This is very versatile and a common method for coupling of two similar pipes. Water tightness is achieved due to two rubber rings seated on either side of the joint pressed against the pipe.

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ClampSaddle For connecting a service pipe to the main pipe line, a uPV Clamp Saddle could be used. The two halves of the clamp saddle are bolted together on straight uPVC pipe, as shown in the diagram. The rubber gasket around the outlet of the clamp saddle would be in a compressed position against the external surface of the pipe after bolting. A swivel ferrule is connected on to the female thread of the clamp saddle. The main pipe is then drilled through the ferrule to effect the water connection. Using an under pressure tapping machine, the ferrule could be fitted while the water main is under pressure. The saddle outlet sizes and ferrule sizes commonly available are 1/2”, 3/4” and 1” . The ferrule outlet too has a female thread. Clamp saddles up to around 160mm size are made of uPVC, larger saddles are made out of metal.

Detail of services connection tapping.

VALVE SOCKET

FERRULE

CLAMP SADDLE

MAIN PIPE

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Installation below ground

Trenches

Cover Depth The depth of cover to pipe depends on the pipe size, soil condition and vehicular loading when laid under roadways. General guidelines for minimum depth of cover for PVC pipes are given in below. Description

Depth of cover

Public Roads - Heavy Traffic

900 - 1100 mm

Private Roads >63mm Pipe Size

750 mm

< 63mm Pipe Size

600 mm

Private Land 300 mm

Trench Preparation The width of the trench should be as narrow as practicable but should be 300 mm wider than the pipe size to allow proper compacting of the side fill material. If the sides of the trench are found to collapse shoring should be provided using timber or other suitable material. The trench bottom should be carefully examined for the presence of hard objects such as flints, rocky projections or large tree roots which could cause damage to the pipe. In uniform fine grained soils found to be free of such objects, the pipes may be laid directly on the trench bottom. The trench bottom should be leveled to provide a uniform support for the pipes over their length.

Pipe Bedding Where soil conditions are not suitable for laying of pipes directly on the trench bottom, the trench should be deepened and a suitable bedding provided to receive the pipe.

(a) Normal Sub soil

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(b) Rocky, stony, hard cabook sub soil. (c) Weak compressible subsoil. Backfilling Backfilling material up to 300 mm from the top of the pipe should be granular, free from stones and other foreign material. If the excavated material is granular, it could be used as backfill material. A selected backfill material or sand should be used otherwise. Care should be taken is backfilling the trench up to the top of the pipe. The backfill material should be spread in layers not exceeding 110 mm on both sides of the pipe simultaneously and well compacted manually using a rammer or wooden tamper. Thereafter the backfill material should be placed in layers and manually compacted up to 300 mm from the top of the pipe.

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Pipe Laying Under Special Conditions

Laying on Swamp or Marshy soil: On extremely poor soft marshy soil the pipe line should be laid on a piled foundation.

Pipe laying on steep ground. In case of pipe laying on steep ground when the pipe bedding and backfill material could get washed away, concrete or clay stoppers should be provided.

Pipe installation on a Bridge Crossing. uPVC pipes could be laid inside a duct provided in the bridge structure. The pipe should be anchored at intervals to prevent lateral movement. It is not recommended to install uPVC pipes directly exposed to sunlight.

Pipe laying under Railway track. It is common practice to provide a concrete casing pipe for pipes laid under a railway track.

CONCRETE STOPPERS

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Pipe laying through structures: When pipes are laid through a wall or other structure, a protection sleeve or similar ducting shall be provided.

Allowable radius of curvature for cold bent uPVC pipe Pipes up to and including 160 mm diameter may be cold bent on site to accommodate ground contours, road curvatures etc., providing the radius of curvature is not less than 200 times the maximum outside diameter of the pipe . Useful site dimensions A and B are given in the following table.

Nominal Size (mm)

R meter

α 0 4m length A meter

4 m length B meter

20 25 32 40 50 63 75

4.0 5.0 6.4 8.0 10.0 12.6 15.0

57.30 45.84 35.81 28.65 22.92 18.19 15.28

1.84 1.52 1.21 0.98 0.79 0.63 0.53

0.49 0.39 0.31 0.25 0.20 0.16 0.13

6 m length

6 m length

90 110 140 160

18.0 22.0 28.0 32.0

19.10 15.63 12.28 10.74

0.99 0.81 0.64 0.56

0.25 0.20 0.16 0.14

FLEXIBLE COUPLING

CONCRETE CASING PIPE

PVC PIPE TIMBER SUPPORRTING BLOCK G.I PIPE SLEEVE

BITUMEN PACKING

PVC PIPE

PIPE SYSTEM



Pressure Testing. After a section of the pipeline has been laid and joined, it shall be tested for water tightness before complete backfilling. Sections of about 300 meters length are tested at a time as work proceeds. The trench may be partially backfilled except at joints which shall be left open. One open end of the pipeline is closed by a suitable removable cap. If the pipe end is flanged, a blank flange could be used for this purpose. However, if the pipe has a plain end, it could be closed by using a ring seal type flanged socket and a blank flange A similar arrangement could be used to close the other end of the pipeline, but with a 25mm inlet on the blank flange. The pipeline is then filled gradually with water through this 25mm inlet via a stop cock ensuring that no air is trapped inside the pipe. Complete air removal can be achieved by filling the pipeline with water from its lowest point and having bleed valves at the highest points. Water tightness test of the pipeline is carried out according to regulations of the water authority. The test pressure and the duration generally adopted are 1.5 times the working pressure and 24 hours respectively. Pressure can be applied by means of a manually operated hand force pump or hydraulic pressure pump. All pipe fittings, valves, hydrants and joints are carefully examined for leaks, if any, and repairs are done as required. The elasticity of the pipe itself will cause slight expansion under pressure. A slight initial drop in pressure reading will not necessarily indicate a fault. Likewise thermal expansion caused by temperature changes may effect the pressure reading. After all defects that could traced are corrected, the pipeline is kept under pressure for 24 hours. If there is a pressure drop at the end of the period the volume of water required to bring the pipeline back to the rest pressure is measured. For the pipeline to be accepted this volume has to be lower than a value set by the relevant water authority. This value is generally stated in liters per kilo meter for particular pipe size.

Following are some important points :- 1. Incomplete air removal can lead to accidents as well as inconsistent and misleading test results. 2. Pressure increases shall be gradual and it could be regulated using a bypass with a valve. Water hammer effects shall be reduced or eliminated by slow valve operation. 3. Solvent Cemented joints shall be left for at least 24 hours before pressure testing. Volume of water required for filling per K.m of pipe is as follows.

Pipe Size mm

Volume Liters

63 75 90

110 140 160 225 280

2376 3318 4902 7390

11882 15395 30791 47526

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__________________________________INSTALLATION GUIDE

Installation above Ground

Supports Good and bad pipe Supports. National uPVC pipes installed above ground must be solvent cement jointed. Solvent cement joints will support end loads at changes of direction, blank ends etc., caused by the action of internal pressure. Pipelines jointed by solvent welding techniques do not therefore require external mechanical restraint against thrust forces. Pipelines designed for above ground applications should be installed in such a way as to minimize stress in the pipe material. E.g:- Movement due to expansion and contraction. As a general rule National pressure pipe should never be restrained the hoop direction by U-Straps, Clamps etc., manufactured from totally unyielding material. Such restraints should always be lined with a compressible material, e.g. :- Rubber. National uPVC pipe may be supported along walls and in pipe racks by spring hangers, U-Straps, Clamp etc. Free standing supports constructed in steel or concrete are also acceptable. In all cases the spacing of supports is important and the engineer’s attention is drawn to the table of recommended support centers on next page. Preferably supports to flexible pipe lines installed above ground should provide location in the lateral and vertical planes, but allow for longitudinal movement if necessary. uPVC pipe lines should be located far enough away from hot objects or pipes to prevent the material being effected by radiated heat. All manual operator controls incorporated in the pipe line e.g:- Valves should be adequately supported to avoid stressing pipe line during operation (e.g :- Torque from operation of old gate valves etc.)

PIPE SYSTEM



Good and Bad pipe Supports

Precaution for Thermal Expansion in Laying Inside Buildings. Thermal expansion does not effect uPVC pipe performance significantly in most common applications. However, if the pipe is subject to substantial temperature variations, precautionary measures could be adopted as described below. FS - Fixed Support SS - Sleeve Support L - Length between Fixed support to point subject to contraction effect. X - Safe spring Length ∇l1 - Maximum expansion or Contraction of ∇l2 - unplasticized PVC pipe

X

SS

FS

L

-∇l1

+∇l2

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PIPE SYSTEM



Suitable Supporting Arrangement for Avoiding Thermal Expansion Problem.

FS = FIXED SUPPORT SS = SIMPLY SUPPORT

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General recommendation for spacing of supports. External diameter of

Pipe (mm)

Pipe in horizontal position (mm) Water temperature

Pipes in vertical position (mm)

200 C

300 C 400 C 600 C

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90

110 140 160 225

850 900 1000 1100 1250 1400 1500 1650 1850 2150 2250 2350

700 750 850 1000 1100 1300 1400 1550 1750 2050 2150 2400

500 550 650 800 950 1100 1200 1350 1550 1850 2000 2250

-

450 500 600 700 850 950 1050 1200 1600 1700 2000

900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2500 2500 2500

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Soil Waste and Sewerage Applications MWP - Main Waste Pipe MSP - Main Soil Pipe MVP - Main Vent Pipe MSWP - Main Soil Waste Pipe

BVP - Branch Vent Pipe BSP - Branch Soil Pipe BWP - Branch Waste Pipe WC - Water Closet

Type of Common Installation

PIPE SYSTEM



Laying instruction Spacing of pipe clips. With horizontal runs, the pipe clips should be spaced at intervals of no more than 10 times the outside diameter of the pipes. Vertical lines are spaced at interval of 1metre to a maximum of 2 meters according to pipe diameter. Subsequent Installation. Fittings can also be used as jointing to existing pipes. Two repair coupler method A sufficient length should be cut out of the pipe (equal to the total length of the fittings plus double the length of the pipe’s out side diameter ) The ends of the pipe have to be chamfered before the branch fitting. The two repair couplers will help to close the gap in the pipe line which has to be fitted with a piece of pipe. One coupler method When only one repair coupler is employed , the section to be cut out of the pipe line will have to correspond to the laying length of the branch (i.e. “T” or “Y” ) plus one fifth of the pipe’s outside diameter. Both pipe ends have to be burred and chamfered. The repair coupler will be slipped on to one end of two the pipes, whilst the other end has to be slightly bent for the branch (i.e. ‘T’ or ‘Y’) to be inserted. The repair coupler can finally be slid over the juncture, the connection is made and pipe line jointed. **Before the system is put into use, it should be tested for leakage by air test, hydraulic test or smoke test.

PIPE SYSTE


__________________________________INSTALLATION GUIDE Laying instruction

FLUSHING CISTERN

FLUSH PIPE

W C WITH “S” TRAP W C WITH “P” TRAP

“NATIONAL” PIPE CONNECTION TO WATER CLOSET

OVER FLOW

FLUSHING CISTERN

40mm DIA (1 ¼” NATIONALFLUSH PIPE

SQUATING PAN

ADAPTER 110MM dia (4”)

“NATIONAL” PIPE CONNECTIONS TO SQUATING PAN

90 degree NATIONAL(4”) LONG RADIUS “Y” JUNCTION INLET

PIPE SYSTE



“NATIONAL” PIPE CONNECTIONS TO BATH

(3/4”) 25 mm PILLAR COCK

OVER FLOW HOLE

WASTE OUTLET

TO “P” TRAP

(AUTOMATIC) FLUSHING

(3/4”) 25mm DIA NATIONAL FLUSHING PIPE

(3/4” )25mm NATIONAL ELBOW

DIVISION PIECES

URINAL BOWLS

WASTE OUTLET

(1 ¼”) 40mm DIA NATIONAL “P” TRAP

SIDE ELEVATION

APPROX 610 mm FROM FLOOR LEVEL

“NATIONAL” PIPE CONNECTIONS TO BOWL URINALS

“NATIONAL” PIPE CONNECTIONS TO BATH

PIPE SYSTE



PIPE SYSTEM


ANNEXURE - 1

BASIC PROPERTIES OF UNPLASTICIZED P.V.C

PIPE SYSTEM


___________________________BASIC PROPERTIES OF uPVC

Basic Properties of uPVC

Property

Unit

Typical Value at 20 0 C

Relative Density Tensile Strength Izod Impact Strength Softening Point Hardness Tensile Modules Poisson’s Ratio Flammability Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion Thermal Conductivity Volume Resistivity

-

MPa

KJm -2

0C

Rock well “R” Scale

MPa -

Oxygen Index (OI)

K

W/(mK)

Ohm/m

1.4

50

3.2

80

115

2600

0.33

0.42 Difficult to ignite

Self extinguishing.

6x10 -5

0.17

10 12

PIPE SYSTEM


ANNEXURE - 2

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF UNPLASTICIZED P.V.C

Notations:- S - Satisfied U - Unsatisfied D - Some attached or absorption, the matter Considered for use, where limited life is acceptable. * - Predicted Result

PIPE SYSTEM


Uplasticized PVC Unplasticized

Chemicals Concentration Chemicals Concentration

PVC

200C 600C 200C 600C

Acetaldehyde 40% (w/v)soln S U* Ammonium sulphide S S

100% U

U Ammonium thiocyanate S S

Acetic acid 10% (v/v)soln S S Ammonium zinc chloride

60% (v/v)soln S

D (zinc ammonium chloridc) S*

S*

glacial U

U Amyl acetate U

U

Acetic anhydride U U Amyl alcohol S* U

Acetone U U Amyl chloride U U

Acentonitrile U* Aniline U U

Acetophenetidine S* S* Aniline hydrochloride U U

Acetophenone U* U* Aniline sulphate U U

Adipic acid S D Animal oils† S* S*

Alcohols,see specific alcohols Anthraquinone S U

Aliphatic hydrocarbons S S

Anthraquinone sulphonic acid S U

Allyl alcohol D U Antimony chloride S S*

Allyl chloride U U Aqua regia** conc. U U

Alum, see aluminium Aromatic hydrocarbons U U

potassium sulphate Arsenic acid (syrupy) 75% (m/m) S D

Aluminium acetate S* S* or 2 g/ml

Aluminium chloride S S Aryl sulphonic acids S U

Aluminium fluoride S* S*

Aluminium hyroxide S* S* Barium carbonate S* S*

Aluminium nitrate S S Barium chloride S* S*

Aluminium oxalate S* S* Barium hydroxide S S

Aluminium oxychloride S S Barium sulphate S* S*

Aluminium potassium Barium sulphide S S

sulphate (alum) S S Beer† S

Aluminium sulphate S S Benzaldehydc trace U U

Ammonia dry gas S S 100% U U

liquid U U* Benzene U U

Ammonia solution 35% (m/v)soln S S Benzoic acid D U

(ammonium hydroxide) (0.88 g/ml) Benzoyl chloride U* U*

Ammonium bicarbonate, see Benzyl acetate U U*

ammonium hydrogen Benzyl alcohol

carbonate phenylcarbinol) U* U*

Ammonium carbonate S S Bismuth carbonate S S

Ammonium chloride S S Borax, see disodium

Ammonium ferrous citrate S* S* tetraborate

Ammonium fluoride S S Boric acid S S

Ammonium hydrogen Boron trifluoride S

carbonate S* S* Brine S S

Ammonium hydroxide, Bromine trace S U

see ammonia solution 100% dry gas U* U

Ammonium metaphospate S S liquid U U

Ammonium nitrate S S Bromomethanc

Ammonium orthophosphates S* S* (methyl bromide) U* U*

Ammonium oxalate S* S* Butadiene S S

Ammonium persulphate S S Butane S S

Ammonium sulphate S S Butanediols U U

**Containing 3 parts by volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid to one part by volume concentrated nitric acid.

PIPE SYSTEM


Unplasticized Unplasticized

Chemicals Concentration

PVC Chemicals Concentration

PVC

200C 600C 200C 600C

Butanols (butyl alcohol) S D Citric acid † S S S

Butyl acetate U

U Copper** chloride S* S*

Butyl chloride U* U* Copper**cyanide S* S*

isoButyl methyl ketone

Copper**fluoride S S

(4-methylpentan-2-one) U*

U* Copper**nitrate S* S*

Butylphenols U

U Copper**sulphate S S

Butyraldehyde U* U* Creosote U U

Butyric acid 20% aq.soln S U* Cresols U U

conc U U Cresylic acid U U*

Calcium carbonate S S Crotonaldehyde U U

Calcium chlorate S S Cyclohexanol U U

Calcium chloride aq.soln S S Cyclohexanone U U

Calcium hydrogen sulphite

(calcium bisulphite) S* S* Decahydronaphthalene

Calcium hydroxide S S (decalin)

Calcium hypochlorite S S Detergents (synthetic) diluted S S*

Calcium nitrate S S Developers(photographic) S S

Calcium orthophosphates S* S* Dextrin S S

Calcium sulphate S S Dextrose† sat.soln S S

Calcium sulphide S S Diamyl ether U* U*

Carbon dioxide (gas) S S Diazo salts S S

Carbon disulphide U Dibromoethane

Carbon monoxide S S ( ethylene dibromide) U* U*

Carbon tetrachloride D U Dibutyl phthalate U* U*

Casein S* S* Dichlorobenzene U* U*

Castor oil† S S Dichlorodifluoromethane S

Cetyl alcohol,see hexadecanol Dichloroethane

Chloral hydrate S S (ethlylene dichloride) U U

Chloric acid S S** Dichloroethylene U* U*

Chlorine, gas 10% dry D 1, 2-Dichloropropane

100% dry D U (proplylene dichloride) U U

10% moist U U Diethyl ether U U

Chlorine sat. aq. soln. D U* Diethyl ketone U* U*

Chlorine trifluoride U* U* Diethyl sulphate

Chloroacetic acid S D (ethyl sulphate) U U

Chlorobenzene U U Digol (diethylene glycol) S* S*

Chloroethane (ethyl chloride) U U Dimethyl sulphate

2-Chloroethanol (methyl sulphate) S U

(ethylene chlorohydrin) U U Dimethylamine S S

Chloroform U U Dimethylcarbinol

Chloromethane see isopropyl alocohol

(methyl chloride) U U Dioctyl phthalate U* U*

Chlorosulphonic acid D U Dioxan U* U*

Chromic acid plating soln. S S Diphenyl ether U U

Chromic potassium sulphate Disodium phosphate, see

(chrome alum) S S disodium hydrogen

Cider† S* orthophosphate

Dodecanoic acid (lauric acid) S S

**At 20% concentration ** Cuprous or cupric

PIPE SYSTEM





PVC

200C 600C 200C 600C

Emulsifiers all S* S* Fructose† S S

Emulsions (photographic) S

S Fruit juices† S S

Ethane S* Fuel oil S S

Ethanediol (ethylcne glycol) S

S Furfuraldehyde (furufural) 100% U U

Ethanol (ethyl alcohol)† 95-100% S

D Furfuryl alcohol U*

U

40%(v/v)aq.

soln S D Gallic acid, see

Ethers 3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoic acid

(see also diethyl ether) U U Gasoline, see petrol

Ethyl acetate U U Glucose† S S

Ethyl acrylate U U Glycerol S S

Ethyl alcohol.see ethanol Glycerol monobenzl ether U* U*

Ethyl butyrate U* U* Glycol, see ethanediol

Ethyl chloride,see chloroethane Glycollic acid 30% alc.soln. S S

Ethyl formate U* U* Grape sugar† S S

Ethyl lactate U* U*

Ethyl methyl ketone Heptane S U

(methyl ethyl ketone) U U Hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol) S* S*

Ethyl sulphate, Hexanol (hexyl alcohol) S S

see diethyl sulphate Hydrazine hydrate

Ethylene chlorohydrin, Hydrobromic acid 50%(w/v) aq.

see 2-chloroethanol soln S S

Ethylene dibromide, 100%(w/v) aq.

see dibromoethane soln S* S*

Ethylene dichloride, Hydrochloric acid 10%(w/v) aq.

see dichloroethane soln S S

Ethylene glycol,see ethanediol 22%(w/v) aq

Ethylene oxide (oxiran) U U soln S S

concentrated

Fatty acids, higher S S (36%) S S

Ferric chloride S S Hydrocyanic acid 10%(w/v) aq.

Ferric nitrate S S soln S S

Ferric sulphate S S Hydrofluoric acid 4%(w/v) aq.

Ferrous ammonium citrate, soln S S

see ammonu\ium ferrous 40%(w/v) aq

citrate soln S U

Ferrous chloride S* S* 60%(w/v) aq

Ferrous sulphate S* S* soln D U*

Fixing soln.(photographic) S S concentrated U* U*

Fluorine U U Hydrogen S S

Fluorosilic acid 40% aq.soln S S Hydrogen bromide anthydrous S* S*

conc S S Hydrogen chloride anhydrous S* S*

Formaldehyde 40%(w/w)aq. Hydrogen fluoride anhydrous S* S*

soln S S Hydrogen peroxide 3%(w/v) aq

Formic acid 3% aq.soln S S soln S S

10% aq.soln S S 12%(w/v) aq

25% aq.soln S D soln S S

50% aq.soln S U 30%(w/v) aq

98-100% U U soln S S

PIPE SYSTEM





PVC

200C 600C 200C 600C

Hydrogen peroxide continued 90% (w/v) or Mesityl oxide U U

greater U

U Metallic soaps(water soluble) S* S*

Hydrogen sulphide S S Methanol (methyl alcohol) 100% S D

Hydroquinone, see quinol 6% (w/v) aq. S S*

Hydroxylammonium sulphate S

S soln U*

U*

Hypochlorous acid D

U* Methoxybutanol

Methyl acetate

Iodine soln. in Methyl bromide

potassiun see bromomethane

iodide U U Methyl isobutyl ketone

Iso-octane(2, 2, see isobutyl methyl ketone

4-trimethylbentane) S U Methyl chloride

Isophorone U U see chloromethane

Isopropanol Methyl ethyl ketone

see isopropyl alcohol see ethyl methyl ketone

Methyl glycol S S

Lactic acid 10% (w/v) aq Methyl hydrogen sulphate 50% (w/v) aq. soln S S (methyl sulphuric acid) soln S S

100% U U 60%(w/v) aq. Lanolin S* S* soln S S

Latex S S 75%(w/v) aq.

Lauric acid soln S S

see dodecanoic acid 90%(w/v) aq.

Lauryl alcohol, see dodecanol soln S S

Lead acetate S S Methyl methacrylate U U

Lead arsenate S* S* Methyl sulphate

Lead nitrate S* S* see dimethyl suphate

Lead tetraethyl Methylated spirits S D

see tetraethyl lead Methylcyclohexanone U U

Linoleic acid S S Methylsulphonic acid S D

Linseed oil S S Milk† S* S*

Lubricating oil S S Mineral oils S S

Mixed acids** U

Magnesium carbonate S S Molasses† S S

Magnesium chloride S S Monochlorobenzene U* U*

Magnesium hydroxide S S

Magnesium nitrate S S Naphtha S S

Maleic acid 25% (w/v) aq Naphthalene U U

soln S S Nickel chloride S S

50% (w/v) aq. Nickel nitrate S S

soln S S Nickel sulphate S S

concentrated S S Nicotine S S

Malic acid Nicotinic acid S S

Manganese sulphate S* S* Nitric acid 5% (w/v) aq.

Margarine† S S soln S

Mercurie chloride S S 10% (w/v) aq.,

Mercuric cyanide S S soln. S D

Mercurous nitrate S S

Mercury S S

**Various proportions of concentrated nitric acid and

concentrated hydrochloric acid (see also aqua regia)

PIPE SYSTEM





PVC

200C 600C 200C 600C

Nitric acid continued 25% (w/v) aq Phosphorus S U

soln S D Phosporus pentoxide S S*

50% (w/v) aq Phosphorus trichloride U U

soln S

U Phosphoryl chloride

70% (w/v) aq

(phosphorus oxychloride) U

U

soln D

U Phthalic anhydride S*

S*

98% (w/v) aq Pierie acid 1% (w/v) aq.

soln U U soln S S*

Nitrobenzene U U 10% (w/v) alc.

Nitropropane U U soln U U

Nitrous fumes moist D U Plating solutions:

Nonanol (nonyl alcohol) S* S* brass S S

cadmium S S

Octane S* U* chromium S S

Octanol(octyl alcohol) S* copper S S

Octylcresol gold S S

Oils and fats† S S indium S S

Oleic acid S S lead S S

Orthophosphoric acid 20% aq. soln S S nickel S S 30% aq.soln S S rhodium S S

50% aq.soln S S silver S S

95% aq. soln S S tin S S

Oxalic acid S S zinc S S

Oxygen S S Polyglycol eithers U* U*

Ozone S S Potassium acid sulphate

see potassium hydrogen

Palmitic acid 10% S S sulphate 70% S S Potassium antimonate S* S*

Paraffin S S Potassium bicarbonate

Paraffin wax S S see potassium hydrogen Pentane S* carbonate

Perchloric acid 10% S D Potassium bichromate

Petrol S U see potassium dichromate

Petrol/benzene mixture 80:20 ratio U U Potassium bisulphate

Petroleum spirit see potassium hydrogen

(petroleum ether) U U sulphite

Phenol S U Potassium borate S S

Phenylcarbinol Potassium bromate S S

see benzyl alcohol Potassium bromide S S

Phenylhydrazine U U Potassium carbonate S S

Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride U U Potassium chlorate S S

Phosgene gas S U Potassium chloride S S

liquid U U Potassium chromate S S

Phosphates (see also under Potassium cuprocyanide S* S*

ammonoium, potassium, Potassium cyanide S S

sodium, etc) S* S* Potassium dichromate

Phosphine S S (potassium bichromate) S S

Phosphoric acid Potassium ferricyanide S S

see orthophosphoric acid Potassium ferrocyanide S S

PIPE SYSTEM





PVC

200C 600C 200C 600C

Potassium fluoride S S Silver nitrate S S

Potassium hydrogen carbonate Soap solutions (aquecous) S S

(potassium bicarbonate) S S Sodium acetate S S

Potassium hydrogen sulphate

Sodium acid sulphate

(potassium acid sulphate) S* S* see sodium hydrogen

Potassium hydrogen sulphite

sulphate

(potassium bisulphite) S* S* Sodium aluminate S* S*

Potassium hydroxide 1% (w/v) aq. Sodium antimonate S* S*

soln S S Sodium benzoate S D

10% (w/v) aq. Sodium bicarbonate, see

soln S S sodium hydrogen carbonate

conc. soln. S S Sodium bisulphate, see

Potassium hypochlorite S* S* sodium hydrogen sulphate

Potassium nitrate S S Sodium bisulphite, see

Potassium orthophosphates S* S* sodium hydrogen sulphite

Potassium perborate S S Sodium borate, see

Potassium perchlorate 10% soln S S disodium tetraborate

Potassium permanganate 20% soln S S Sodium bromide S S

Potassium persulphate 5% soln S S Sodium carbonate S S

Potassium sulphate S S Sodium chlorate S S

Potassium sulphide S* S* Sodium chloride S S

Potassium thiosulphate S* S* Sodium cyanide S* S*

Propane Sodium ferricyanide S S

Propane-1, 2-diol Sodium ferrocyanide S S

(propylene glycol) S* S* Sodium fluoride S S

Propargyl alcohol Sodium hydrogen carbonate

(prop-2-yn-l-ol) S S (sodium bicarbonate) S S

Propionic acid 50% aq. soln S* S* diSodium hydrogen

100% aq.soln S* U* orthophosphate S* S*

isoPropyl alcohol Sodium hydrogen sulphate

(isopropanol) S S (sodium bisulphate) S S

Propylene dichloride Sodium hydrogen sulphite

see 1, 2-dichloropropane (sodium bisulphite) S S

Propylene oxide U* U* Sodium hydroxide 1% (w/v) aq.

Pyridine U U soln S S

10% (w/v) aq.

Quinol (hydroquinone) S* S* soln S S

40% (w/v) aq

Rayon coagulating bath S* S* soln S S conc. S S

Saccharose† S* S* Sodium hypochlorite 15% available Salicylic acid S S chlorine S S

Sea water S S Sodium hyposulphite

Selenic acid U U see sodium thiosulphate

Shortening S* S* Sodium metaphosphate S* S* Silicone fluids Sodium nitrate S S

Silicic acid S S Sodium nitrite S S

Silver acetate S* S* triSodium orthophosphate S* S*

Silver cyanide S S Sodium perborate S* S*

PIPE SYSTEM





PVC

200C 600C 200C 600C

Sodium peroxide S* S* Tanning extracts S S* Sodium silicate S* S* Tartaric acid† S S

Sodium sulphate S S Tetraethyl lead

Sodium sulphide aq. soln. S S (lead tetraethyl) S S

diSodium tetraborate (borax) S S Tetrahydrofuran U U Sodium thiosulphate Tetrahydronaphthalene

(sodium hyposulphite) S* S* (tetralin) U U

Soft soap S* S* Thionyl chloride U U

Stannic chloride S S Titanium tetrachloride U U Stannous chloride S S Toluene U U

Starch S S Transformer oil S* S*

Stearic acid S S Tributyl phosphate U U

Sucrose† S* S* Trichloroacetic acid S* S*

Sulphur colloidal S S Trichlorobenzene U* U*

Sulphur dioxide dry S S Trichloroethane U* U*

moist S U Trichloroethylene U U

liquid D U Tricresyl phosphate Sulphur trioxide S S see tritolyl phosphate

Sulphuric acid 10% (w/v) aq. Triethanolamine S U

soln. S S Trigol (triethylene glycol) S* S*

20% (w/v) aq. 3, 4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid

soln S S (gallic acid) S* S*

30% (w/v) aq. Trimethylamine S U*

soln S S Trimethylol propane (2-ethyl-

40% (w/v) aq. 2-hydroxymethylpropanediol) S U

soln S S Trisodium phosphate

50% (w/v) aq. see sodium orthophosphate

soln S S Tritolyl phosphate

55% (w/v) aq. (tricresylphosphate) U* U*

soln S S Turpentine S S

60% (w/v) aq.

soln S S Urea S S

70% (w/v) aq. Urine S S

soln S S

80% (w/v) aq. Vanilla extract† S* S*

soln S S Vegetable oils† S S

90% (w/v) aq. Vinegar† S S

soln D D Vinyl acetate U U

95% (w/v) aq.

soln D U Water S S

98% (w/v) aq. Wetting agents S* S*

soln U U Whey† S* S*

fuming U* U* Wines and spirits† S S

Sulphurous acid 10% aq.soln S S

30% aq.soln S S Xylene U* U*

Surface active agents all S* S* Xylenol U* U*E

Tallows S* S*

Yeast† S S

Tannic acid S S

PIPE SYSTEM


ANNEXURE - 3

UNITS OF PRESSURE

PIPE SYSTEM


___________________________________UNITS OF PRESSURE

UNITS OF PRESSURE

A multitude of different units of pressure and stress appear in use, even in metric countries. In most cases sufficient accuracy of conversion is achieved by equating. = 100 kPa = 0.1MPa 1 Bar = 1 Kp/Cm 2 = 100 KN/m 2

For exact calculation = 1.0197 KP/Cm 2

1 Bar = 1 4.5038 Lbf/in 2 = 1.0197 Kgf/Cm 2

Bar KP/Cm 2

Lbf/in 2

kPa kN/m 2

MPa N/mm 2

Corresponding Water Column Height

ft meter

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

145.0 130.5 116.0 101.5 87.0 72.5 58.0 43.5 29.0 14.5 0.0

1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0

1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

334.35 300.92 267.48 234.05 200.61 167.18 133.74 100.31 66.87 33.44 0.00

101.94 91.74 81.55 71.36 61.16 50.97 40.77 30.58 20.39 10.19 0.00

PIPE SYSTEM


ANNEXURE - 4

ALL THE RELEVANT PRODUCT & METHOD

OF MEASUREMENT STANDARD

PIPE SYSTEM


_______________________________RELEVANT STANDARDS

Standards relating to uPVC Pipes and Fittings Standard No. Specifications SLS 147: 1993 SLS 659 : Part 1 : 1993 SLS 935 : 1991 SLS 993 : Part 1 : 1993 IEC 614 - 1 : 1978 IEC 614 - 2 - 2 : 1980 SLS 989 : 1993

Rigid uPVC pipes for potable cold water supplies (Second Revision) Rigid uPVC Pipes joints and fittings for Potable Cold Water Supplies. Part 1 - Socket Fittings for Solvent Welding (First Revision) Solvent Cement for Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC) Pipes and Fittings. Conduits for electrical installation Part1 : General Requirements Particular Specifications for rigid plain Conduits of Insulating materials. Outside Diameter of Conduits for Electrical Insulations and threads for Conduits and Fittings.

Standards relating to Seals and Joints

Standard No. Specifications BS 2494 : 1990 BS EN 681-1 BS 4504 BS 21:

Specifications for Elastomeric Seals for Joints in Pipe work and Pipe Series. Specifications for Elastomeric Seals for Joints in Pipe work and Pipe Series. Specifications for Flanges and Bolting for pipes, Valves and Fittings - metric series. Specifications for Pipe Threads for tubes and Fittings where Pressure - tight joints are made on the threads.

PIPE SYSTEM


_______________________________RELEVANT STANDARDS

International Product Standards. Standard No. Specifications ISO 4065 : 1978 ISO 4422 : 1990 ISO: 161 - :1978 ISO 727 : 1985 ISO TR 4191 BS/CP 312 Pt. 2.

Thermoplastic Pipes - Universal wall Thickness Table. Pipes and fittings made of uPVC for Water Supply Thermoplastic Pipes for the Transport of Fluids - Nominal Outside Diameters and Nominal Pressure - Part 1: Metric Series. Fittings of uPVC ,cPVC ,or ABS , With Plain Sockets for Pipes Under Pressure - Dimensions of Sockets - Metric Series. uPVC Pipes for Water Supply - Recommended Procedure for Laying. British Standards Code of Practice (Thermoplastics Material) uPVC Pipe Work for the Conveyance of Liquid under Pressure.

Standards relating to Method of Measurement of Properties of uPVC.

Description. Method of Measurement. Izod Impact Strength Rockwell Hardness Compressive Properties Tensile Properties Deflection Temperature

ASTM D256

ASTM D785

ASTM D695

ASTM D638

ASTM D648

PIPE SYSTEM


ANNEXURE - 5

USEFUL REFERENCES.

PIPE SYSTEM


_________________________________USEFUL REFERENCES

REFERENCES

1. Ray K .Linsley and Joseph - B. Franzini Mcgraw Hill Book , Water Resources Engineering in 1978. 2. A.C. Twort and F.W. Crowley - Edward Arnold Publishers, Water Supply in 1978 3. A.K. Chatterjee - Khanna Publishers, Water Supply and Sanitory Engineering in 1978.

Date Issued 01 st August 2014 We reserve the right to alter, amend and update any product, systems and services described in this Catalogue. We accept no responsibility for the accuracy of statements made. © Copyright by Central Industries Limited. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, by print ,photo print or any other means, without written permission from the publisher.

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