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7.0 REFERENCE CITED
I. Chapter 1: Introduction
1. Banda. K., Sarkar, R., Gopal, S., Govindarajan, J., Harijan, B.B., Jeyakumar,
M.B., Mitta, P., Sadanala, M.E., Selwyn, T., Suresh, C.R., Thomas, V.A.,
Devadason, P., Kumar, R., Selvapandian, D., Kang, G., Balraj, V. (2007). Water
handling, sanitation and defecation practices in rural southern India: a
knowledge, attitudes and practices study.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1124-30.
2. Bartram., J., Cairncross, S. (2010). Hygiene, Sanitation, and Water: Forgotten
Foundations. PLoS Medicine. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000367
3. Brick, T., Primrose, B., Chandrasekhar, R., Roy, S., Muliyil, J., Kang, G. (2007).
Water contamination in urban south India: household storage practices and
their implications for water safety and enteric infections. Int. J Hyg Environ.
Health. 1-8.
4. Clasen, F.T., Mintz, D.E. (2004). International network to promote household
water treatment and safe storage. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1179-80.
5. Clasen, T., Roberts, I., Rabie, T., Schmidt, W., Cairncross, S. (2006).
Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea. Cochrane
Database Syst Rev. CD004794.
6. Clasen, T., Schmidt, W., Rabie, T., Roberts. I., Cairncross, S. (2007).
Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea: systematic
review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 334(7597):782.
7. Clasen, T., Haller, L. (2008). Water Quality Intervention to prevent Diarrhoea :
Cost & Cost – Effectiveness. World Health Organization. Geneva.
WHO/HSE/WSH/08.08.
8. Clasen, F.T. (2009a). Scaling Up Household Water Treatment. Public Health
and Environment, Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health,World Health
Organization. Geneva.
9. Clasen, F.T. (2009b). Scaling Up Household Water Treatment.Public Health and
Environment, Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health, World Health
Organization. Geneva.
10. Fewtrell, L., Kaufmann, R.B., Kay, D., Enanoria, W., Haller, L., Colford, J.M.
(2005). Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in
less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect.
42-52.
11. Friedmen, S.L., Isselbacher, K.L. (1998). Diarrhoea and Constipation.In (Eds).
Fauci, A., Longo, L.D., Kasper, D., Hauser, S., Jameson, L.J., Loscalzo, J.
Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th Edn. Vol. I. McGraw Hill
Publication. 237-242.
12. Gentsch, J.R., Parashar, U.D., Glass, R.I. (2009). Impact of rotavirus
vaccination: the importance of monitoring strains. Future Microbiol. 1231-4.
13. Gopal, S., Sarkar, R., Banda, K., Govindarajan, J., Harijan, B.B., Jeyakumar,
M.B., Mitta, P., Sadanala, M.E., Selwyn, T., Suresh, C.R., Thomas, V.A.,
Devadason, P., Kumar, R., Selvapandian, D., Kang, G., Balraj, V. (2009). Study of
water supply & sanitation practices in India using geographic information
systems: some design & other considerations in a village setting. Indian J Med
Res. 233-41.
14. Gundry, S., Wright, J., Conroy, R. (2004). A systematic review of the health
outcomes related to household water quality in developing countries. J Water
Health. 1-13
15. Guerrant, R.L., Kosek, M., Moore, S., Lorntz, B., Brantley, R., Lima, A.A. (2002).
Magnitude and impact of diarrhoeal diseases. Arch Med Res. 351-5.
16. Kang, G., Roy, S., Balraj, V. (2006). Appropriate technology for rural India -
solar decontamination of water for emergency settings and small
communities." Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 863-6.
17. Kanungo, S., Sah, B.K., Lopez, A.L., Sung, J.S., Paisley, A.M., Sur, D., Clemens,
J.D., Nair, G.B. (2010). Cholera in India: an analysis of reports, 1997-2006. Bull
World Health Organ. 185-191.
18. Lanata , F. Mendoza, (2002) . Improving Diarrhoea Estimates, World Health
Organ. Geneva
19. Liu, L., Johnson, H.L., Cousens, S., Perin, J., Scott, S., Lawn, J.E., Rudan, I.,
Campbell. H., Cibulskis, R., Li, M., Mathers, C., Black, R.E and Child Health
Epidemiology Reference Group of WHO and UNICEF. (2012). Global, regional,
and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010
with time trends since 2000. Lancet. 2151-61.
20. Malek, M.A., Teleb, N., Abu-Elyazeed, R., Riddle, M.S., Sherif, M.E., Steele,
A.D., Glass, R.I., Bresee, J.S. (2010) The epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhoea in
countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. J Infect Dis. doi:
10.1086/653579.
21. Mintz, E., Bartram, J., Lochery, P., Wegelin, M. (2001). Not just a drop in the
bucket: expanding access to point-of-use water treatment systems. Am J Public
Health. 1565-70.
22. Moore, S.R. (2011). Update on prolonged and persistent diarrhoea in children.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 19-23.
23. Morris, S.K., Awasthi, S., Khera, A., Bassani, D.G., Kang, G., Parashar, U.D.,
Kumar, R., Shet, A., Glass, R.I., Jha, P and Million Death Study Collaborators.
(2012). Rotavirus mortality in India: estimates based on a nationally
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doi: 10.2471/BLT.12.101873.,
24. Nataro, J.P. (1998). Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli. Clinical Microbiology
review. 140-201.
25. Nath, K.J., Bloomfield, S.F., Jones, M. (2006). Household water storage,
handling and pointof- use treatment. A review commissioned by IFH;
published on http://www.ifh-homehygiene.org. International Scientific Forum
on Home Hygiene.
26. Niyogi, S.K. (2005). Shigellosis. J Microbiol. 133-43.
27. Palaniappan, M., Gleick, P.H., Allen, L., Cohen, M.J., Christian-Smith, J., Smith
C., Ed. Nancy Ross. (2010) Clearing the waters: a focus on water quality
solutions. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Division of
Environmental Policy Implementation, Nairobi, Kenya, 2010.
http://www.unep.org/PDF/Clearing_the_Waters.pdf accessed on 03.08.13
28. Parashar, U.D., Burton, A.B., Lananta, C., Boschi-Pinto, C., Shibuya, K., Steele,
D., Brimingham, M., Glass, R.I. (2009). Global mortality associated with
rotavirus disease among children in 2004. The J Infect Dis. S9-15.
29. Patel, R.B., Stoklosa, H., Shitole, S., Shitole, T., Sawant, K., Nanarkar, M.,
Subbaraman, R., Ridpath, A., Patil-Deshmuk, A. (2013). The high cost of
diarrhoeal illness for urban slum households-a cost-recovery approach: a
cohort study. BMJ Open. pii: e002251.
30. Pickering, L.K. (2008). Antimicrobial resistance among enteric pathogens. Adv
Exp Med Biol. 154-63.
31. Podewils, J.L., Mintz, E.D., Nataro, P.J., Parashar, U.D. (2004). Acute, Infectious
Diarrhoea Among Children in Developing Countries. Seminars in Infectious
Paedriatic diseases doi:10.1053/j.spid.2004.05.008.
32. Prüss-Üstün, A., Bos, R., Gore, F., Bartram, J. (2008). Safer water, better
health: costs, benefits and sustainability of interventions to protect and
promote health. World Health Organization, Geneva.
33. Qadri, F., Svennerholm, A.M., Faruque, A.S., Sack, R.B. (2005). Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli in developing countries: epidemiology, microbiology, clinical
features, treatment, and prevention. Clin Microbiol Rev. 465-83.
34. Rheingans, R., Kukla, M., Faruque, A.S., Sur, D., Zaidi, A.K., Nasrin, D., Farag,
T.H., Levine, M.M., Kotloff, K.L. (2012). Determinants of household costs
associated with childhood diarrhoea in 3 South Asian settings. Clin Infect Dis.
S327-35.
35. Rose, J., Hawthorn, R.L., Watts, B., Singer, M.E. (2009). Public health impact
and cost effectiveness of mass vaccination with live attenuated human
rotavirus vaccine (RIX4414) in India: model based analysis. (2009). BMJ. 339
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b3653.
36. Schlaudecker, E.P., Steinhoff, M.C., Moore, S.R. (2011). Interactions of
diarrhoea, pneumonia, and malnutrition in childhood: recent evidence from
developing countries. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 496-502.
37. Shah, N, Dupont, H.L,, Ramsey, J.D. (2009). Global Etiology of Travelers’
Diarrhoea: Systematic Review From 1973 To The Present. Am J Trop Med Hyg.
609–14.
38. Sharma, P.V. (2004). Susruta Samhita, Vol 1, Sutra Sthana 45, Verse 13, 418,
Chaukhamba Visvabharathi Publication, Varanasi.
39. Sobsey, M.D. (2002). Managing water supply at home: accelerated health
gains from improved water supply. Water, Sanitation and Health. Department
of Protection of the Human Environment. World Health Organization. Geneva.
WHO/SDE/WSH/02.07.
40. Sur, D., Ramamurthy,T., Deen, J., Bhattacharya, S.K. (2004).
Shigellosis:challenges & management issues. Indian J Med Res . 454- 62.
41. Traa, B.S, Walker, C.L., Munos, M., Black, R.E. (2010). Antibiotics for the
treatment of dysentery in children. Int J Epidemiol. 70-4.
42. UNDP. (2006). Beyond Scarcity:Power, poverty and the global water crisis.
Human Development Report 2006. United Nations Development Programme.
USA.
43. UNICEF. (2008). Promotion of household water treatment and safe storage.
UNICEF WASH Programme. Newyork, UNICEF. USA.
44. UNICEF/WHO. (2009). Diarrhoea: Why children are still dying and what can.
World Health Organisation. Geneva.
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countries: interactions and their implications. Am J Epidemiol. 135—44.
46. Walker, F.C.L., Perin, J., Aryee, M.J., Boschi-Pinto, C., Black, R.E. (2012).
Diarrhoea incidence in low- and middle-income countries in 1990 and 2010: a
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47. WHO/UNICEF. (2011). Drinking Water Equity, Safety and Sustainability:
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48. Wright, J., Gundry, S., Conroy, R. (2004). Household drinking water in
developing countries: a systematic review of microbiological contamination
between source and point-of-use. Trop Med Int Health. 106-17.
II. Chapter 2: Water treatment in Ayurveda
1. Ball, P. (2005). Water and Life :seeking the solution. Nature. 1084 - 85.
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6. Kavouras, A. A. (2010). Water Physiology: Essentaility, Metabolism and Health
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7. Manz, F. W. (2005). The importance of good hydration for prevention of
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8. Murthy, K. (2002). Astanga Sangraha. Chaukhamba Orientalia. Varanasi.
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III Chapter 3: Review of Literature
1.1 Point of use HWT methods
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with natural coagulant. J Water Health. 27-30.
2. Brick, T., Primrose, B., Chandrasekhar, R., Roy, S., Muliyil, J., Kang, G. (2007).
Water contamination in urban south India: household storage practices and
their implications for water safety and enteric infections. (2007). Int. J Hyg
Environ. Health. 1-8.
3. Chunekar, K.C. (2004). Bhavaprakasha Nighantu.Chaukhambha Bharati
Academy, Varanasi.
4. Clasen, T.F., Bastable, A. (2003). Faecal contamination of drinking water
during collection and household storage: the need to extend protection to the
point of use. J Water Health. 109-15
5. Clasen, F.T., Mintz, D.E. (2004a). International network to promote household
water treatment and safe storage. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2004a:
1179-80.
6. Clasen, T., Brown, J., Suntura, O., Collin, S. (2004b). Safe household water
treatment and storage using ceramic drip filters: a randomised controlled trial
in Bolivia. Water Sci Technol. 111-5.
7. Clasen, T., Roberts, I., Rabie, T., Schmidt, W., Cairncross, S. (2006).
Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea. Cochrane
Database Syst Rev. JuCD004794.
8. Clasen, T., Schmidt, W.P., Rabie, T., Roberts, I., Cairncross, S. (2007).
Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea: systematic
review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 10.1136/bmj.39118.489931.
9. Clasen, T., McLaughlin, C., Nayaar, N., Boisson, S., Gupta, R., Desai, D., Shah,
N. (2008). Microbiological effectiveness and cost of disinfecting water by
boiling in semi-urban India. Am J Trop Med Hygeine. 407-13.
10. Clasen, T. ( 2009a). Scaling Up Household Water Treatment Among Low-
Income Populations. World Health Organisation. Geneva.
11. Clasen, T., Naranjo, J., Frauchiger, D., Gerba, C. (2009b). Laboratory
assessment of a gravity-fed ultrafiltration water treatment device designed
for household use in low-income settings. Am J Trop Med Hygeine. 819-23.
12. Colwell, R.R., Huq, A., Islam, M.S., Aziz, K.M., Yunus, M., Khan, N.H., Mahmud,
A., Sack, R.B., Nair, G.B., Chakraborty, J., Sack, D.A., Russek-Cohen, E. (2003).
Reduction of cholera in Bangladeshi villages by simple filtration. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A. 1051-5.
13. Crump, J.A., Otieno, P.O., Slutsker, L., Keswick, B.H., Rosen, D.H., Hoekstra,
R.M., Vulule, J.M., Luby, S.P. (2005). Household based treatment of drinking
water with flocculant-disinfectant for preventing diarrhoea in areas with
turbid source water in rural western Kenya: cluster randomised controlled
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Reductions of E. coli, echovirus type 12 and bacteriophages in an
intermittently operated household-scale slow sand filter. Water Res. 2662-70.
15. Fewtrell, L., Kaufmann, R.B., Kay, D., Enanoria, W., Haller, L., Colford, J.M.Jr.
(2005). Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in
less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet
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viruses and fecal bacteria. Water Science and Technology. 291-95.
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Mazás, E. (2009). Efficacy of the solar water disinfection method in turbid
waters experimentally contaminated with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts
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filtration of water is sustainable and continues to protect villagers from
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31. Mwabi, J.K., Mamba, B.B., Momba, M.N. (2012). Removal of Escherichia coli
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32. Nath, K.J., Bloomfield, S.F., Jones, M. (2006). Household water storage,
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33. Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Toledano, M.B., Bennett, J., Best, N., Hambly, P., de
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34. Oyanedel-Craver, V.A., Smith, J.A. (2008). Sustainable colloidal-silver-
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35. Palaniappan, M., Gleick, P.H., Allen, L., Cohen, M.J., Christian-Smith, J., Smith
C., Ed. Nancy Ross. Clearing the waters: a focus on water quality solutions.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Division of Environmental
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36. Preston, K., Lantagne, D., Kotlarz, N., Jellison, K. (2010). Turbidity and chlorine
demand reduction using alum and moringa flocculation before household
chlorination in developing countries. J Water Health. 60-70.
37. Rainey, R.C., Harding, A.K. (2005). Acceptability of solar disinfection of
drinking water treatment in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Int J Environ Health
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38. Rehfuess, E., Mehta, S., Prüss-Ustün, A. (2006). Assessing household solid fuel
use: multiple implications for the Millennium Development Goals. Environ
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39. Righi, E., Bechtold, P., Tortorici, D., Lauriola, P., Calzolari, E., Astolfi, G.,
Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Fantuzzi, G., Aggazzotti, G. (2012). Trihalomethanes,
chlorite, chlorate in drinking water and risk of congenital anomalies: a
population-based case-control study in Northern Italy. Environ Res. 66-73.
40. Rose, A., Roy, S., Abraham, V., Holmgren, G., George, K., Balraj, V., Abraham,
S., Muliyil, J., Joseph, A., Kang, G. (2006). Solar disinfection of water for
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41. Sangya-Sangam, Tiwari, K., Wolf-Peter Schmidt, Jeannie Darby, Kariuki, Z.G.,
Jenkins , M,W. (2009). Intermittent slow sand filtration for preventing
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43. Sisson, A.J., Wampler, P.J., Rediske, R.R., McNair, J.N., Frobish, D.J. (2013).
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44. Sobsey, M.D. (2002). Managing water supply at home: accelerated health
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45. Sobsey, M.D. (2007). Combating waterborne disease at the household level /
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47. Stauber, C.E., Kominek, B., Liang, K.R., Osman, M.K., Sobsey, M.D. (2012).
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1.2 Antimicrobial activity of copper
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V. Chapter 5: Results
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