7The Presidency

Video: The Big Picture

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Identify and describe the constitutional powers of the president

7.1

7.2

Trace the development of the presidency and the provisions for choosing and replacing presidents

Learning Objectives

Outline the structure of the presidential establishment and the functions of each of its components

7.3

7.4

Evaluate the development and expansion of presidential power

Learning Objectives 7

Assess the president’s role as policy maker

7.5

7.6

Explain the concept of presidential leadership, and analyze the importance of public opinion

Learning Objectives 7

Video: The Basics

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Roots of the Office of President of the United States Presidential Qualifications and Terms of

Office Rules of Succession

7.1

Presidential Qualifications and Terms of Office

Fear of executive power Twenty-Second Amendment Impeachment Executive privilege

7.1

Video: In Context

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7.1

Who has served as president of the United States?

7.1

Table 7.1 7.1

Rules of Succession

Twenty-Fifth Amendment Addresses vacancies in offices of president and vice

president

7.1

TABLE 7.2: What is the presidential line of succession?

7.1

7.1 What is not a qualification to become president?

a. Be at least 35 years old

b. Be a natural-born citizen

c. Hold public office for at least 2 years

d. Be a resident of the country for at least 14 years

7.1

7.1 What is not a qualification to become president?

7.1

a. Be at least 35 years old

b. Be a natural-born citizen

c. Hold public office for at least 2 years

d. Be a resident of the country for at least 14 years

Constitutional Powers of the President

Appointment Power Power to Convene Congress Power to Make Treaties Veto Power Power to Preside over the Military as

Commander in Chief Pardoning Power

7.2

Appointment Power

Ambassadors Judges Cabinet

7.2

Bush and Rumsfeld 7.2

Power to Convene Congress

Used on extraordinary occasions e.g., Treaty ratification

State of the Union

7.2

Power to Make Treaties

Treaties require Senate approval Fast track trade agreements Executive agreements Receive ambassadors

7.2

Veto Power

“Qualified negative” Can be overruled by Congress

Line-item veto

7.2

TABLE 7.3: Presidential vetoes 7.2

Power to Preside over the Military as Commander in Chief

Most important executive power War Powers Resolution (1973)

Controversy over Vietnam War Presidents must now seek prior approval to use force

7.2

Pardoning Power

Check on judicial branch Can be issued before or after conviction Cannot be used for impeachment Ford pardons Nixon

7.2

a. veto power

b. pardons

c. executive agreements

d. treaties

7.27.2 What is a check of the president on actions of Congress?

7.27.2 What is a check of the president on actions of Congress?

a. veto power

b. pardons

c. executive agreements

d. treaties

Explore the Simulation: You Are a First-Term President

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7.2

Development and Expansion of Presidential Power Establishing Presidential Authority: First

Presidents Incremental Expansion of Presidential

Powers: 1809-1933 Creating the Modern Presidency

7.3

Establishing Presidential Authority: First Presidents Challenges to accomplishing goals George Washington

Inherent powers

Thomas Jefferson

7.3

TABLE 7. 4: Who were the best U.S. presidents?

7.3

Incremental Expansion of Presidential Powers: 1809-1933 Andrew Jackson

Democratization of the presidency

Abraham Lincoln Extraordinary war powers

7.3

How did Abraham Lincoln expand presidential power?

7.3

Creating the Modern Presidency

Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) Great Depression New Deal World War II

7.3

a. mandates

b. inherent powers

c. enumerated powers

d. articles

7.3 Presidents have used ____ of the Constitution to expand the presidency.

7.3

7.3 Presidents have used ____ of the Constitution to expand the presidency.

7.3

a. mandates

b. inherent powers

c. enumerated powers

d. articles

Presidential Establishment

Vice President Cabinet First Lady Executive Office of the President (EOP) White House Staff

7.4

Vice President

Balancing the ticket Increasing role in modern presidency

7.4

Cabinet

Traditional, not mandated Heads of federal agencies and executive

departments Agriculture Commerce Labor Education

7.4

First Lady

Informal advisers Abigail Adams Edith Wilson Eleanor Roosevelt Michelle Obama

7.4

What do first ladies do? 7.4

Executive Office of the President (EOP)

National Security Council (NSC) Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of the Vice President Office of the U.S. Trade Representative Economic Recovery Advisory Board “Czars”

7.4

White House Staff

Personal assistants Senior aides Chosen for loyalty Chief of staff

7.4

a. National Security Council

b. Office of Management and Budget

c. Council of Economic Advisors

d. all of the above

7.47.4 The Executive Office of the President includes

7.47.4 The Executive Office of the President includes

a. National Security Council

b. Office of Management and Budget

c. Council of Economic Advisors

d. all of the above

Presidential Leadership and the Importance of Public Opinion

Presidential Leadership and Personality Going Public President and Public Opinion

7.5

Presidential Leadership and Personality

What makes a president great? Leadership style

Powers of persuasion

Lincoln and FDR

7.5

Going Public

Roosevelt’s bully pulpit Technology makes communication easier

Radio, TV, Internet, Twitter

7.5

Video: Thinking Like a Political Scientist

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7.5

What role do presidential speeches serve?

7.5

President and Public Opinion

Approval ratings How important are they? What do they signify? Decline as term progresses

7.5

FIGURE 7.1: How do approval ratings vary over time?

7.5

a. also increase

b. generally go down

c. remain stable

d. decrease but rise as his term ends

7.57.5 As a president’s time in office increases, his approval ratings

7.57.5 As a president’s time in office increases, his approval ratings

a. also increase

b. generally go down

c. remain stable

d. decrease but rise as his term ends

Explore the Presidency: What Influences a President's Public Approval?

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7.5

Toward Reform: President as Policy Maker

President’s Role in Proposing and Facilitating Legislation

Budgetary Process and Legislative Implementation

Policymaking Through Executive Order

7.6

President’s Role in Proposing and Facilitating Legislation Shepherd legislation through Congress Propose legislation early in term Role of party loyalty

7.6

Budgetary Process and Legislative Implementation Role of OMB

Prepare president’s budget for Congress Examine financial implications of policies Scrutinize agency budgets

7.6

How important is a balanced budget? 7.6

Policy Making Through Executive Order

Executive orders Signing statements

7.6

Video: In the Real World

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7.6

a. executive order

b. policy proposal

c. signing statement

d. pocket veto

7.67.6 A president can express disagreement with legislation by issuing a(n)

7.67.6 A president can express disagreement with legislation by issuing a(n)

a. executive order

b. policy proposal

c. signing statement

d. pocket veto

Discussion Question

How do presidents use the “power to persuade” to implement their agenda? In what way is this power considered to be their most important?

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Video: So What?

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Further Review: On MyPoliSciLab

Listen to the Chapter Study and Review the Flashcards Study and Review the Practice Tests

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