EdkifiHjcm;uAsmcHpm;csufrsm;

armifomEdk;

2

Nationality

I have grown past hate and bitterness I see the world as one Yet though I can no longer hate My son is still my son All men at God’s round table sit And all men must be fed But this loaf in my hand This loaf is my son’s bread.

vlrsKd;

r*¾Zif;wcsKdUrSm uRefawmfwdkU&JU taemufwdkif;uAsm rdwfqufpmrsm;udkzwfNyD;

rdwfaqG tcsKdUu t*Fvdyfrl&if;yg xnfhay;prf;ygvdkU ajymavh&SdMuw,f/

uRefawmf[m t*Fvdyfvdk wpfckwnf;u vkyfaew,fqdk&ifawmh olwkdUajymovdk

[kwfwmyav/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfu jyifopf? *syef? &k&S? pydef? tDwmvsH

pwmawGudkyg vkyfaewmjzpfavawmh b,fvdkvkyf rl&if;xnfhrvJ/

uRefawmftultnD,lwJU t*Fvdyfbmomjyefrsm;uvnf; wpfrlwnf;r[kwf?

okH;av;rluae ,laewmjzpfw,f/ ckawmht*FvdyfuAsmcsnf;yJ wifqufrSmrdkU

rl&if;xnfhay;yghr,f/

yxrqkH;uAsm&JU toHpepfudk MunfhMu&atmif/ t*FvdyfuAsmqdkwm

*&koH(wjcm; tu©&mawGxuf cyfus,fus,f &Gwf&wJUtoH) (stressed

Syllable) eJU v[koH (omrefum vQHum azmhNyD;&Gwf&wJU tu©&mtoH)

(unstressed syllable) wdkUudk trsKd;rsKd;tvS,fvS,f wGJNyD; &pforfazmfusL;um

a&;zJGU&wm jzpfw,f/ a&S;uAsmrsm;rSmawmh 'D*&kv[k (0g) v[k -*&k twGJ[m

wpfajy;nDnD ykHpHcsNyD; a&;zGJU&wmjzpfw,f/ Metrical (rMwmpepf)vdkU ac:w,f/

ckacwfrSmawmh tJovdkuGufwd r[kwfawmhbJ pum;ajymovdk &pforfazmf

3

usL;Muawmhw,f/ ckay;xm;wJU uAsm[m a&S;&dk;rMwmpepfudk vdkufxm;ayr,fh

vkH;0 woa0rwdrf; awmh r[kwfbl;/ enf;enf;avsmh&Jxm;wmudk awGU&vdrfhr,f/

olokH;xm;wJU rMwmu v[k-*&kESpftu©&mudk wpf*dkPf;,lwJU Iambus

(t*Fvdyf vdk toHxGufvQif tdkif,Jrfabmhpf? jrefrmrIjyKvQif £,rÁ)

*dkPf;jzpfw,f/ wpfyg'rSmygwJU *dkPf;awGudk rsOf;jcm;jy&vQif-

I see. / the world / as one

v * v * v *

'Dyg'rSm okH;*dkPf;ygaewm awGU&r,f/ wwd,yg'udk MunfhvQifawmh

..... Yet though/I can/no long­/er see &,fvdkUav;*dkPf; (tu©&SpfvkH;)

ygaewmawGU&vdrfhr,f/ 'gayr,fh yxryg'udk jyefMunfhvQif.... I have

grown/past hate/and bit­/terness &,fvdkUtu©&mudk;vkH;jzpfaewm

awGU&r,f/ 'DtcgrSm wwd,yg'udkaxmufNyD; tu©&m wpfvkH; ydkxm;wmvdkU

uAsmzwfolu odwwfw,f/ tvm;wl owåryg'usjyefawmh tu©&mESpfvkH;

avsmhaewm em;vnf&r,f/

tJ'gaMumifh olUuAsmudkzwfvQif a&S;uAsm&Gwfenf;twdkif; zwfvdkUr&bJ

pum;ajym&pforfeJUom &Gwf&vdrfhr,fvdkUvJ odxm;&r,f/ Oyrm-yxryg'[m

ness udk*&koHeJU &Gwfp&mrvdk? wwd,yg'u can udkvJ *&koHay;p&mrvdk

pojzifh/

uAsmudkum&efeJU a&;xm;w,f/ 'kwd,yg'eJU pwkw¦yg' (one eYJ son)?

qXryg'eJU tXryg'(fed eJU bread) um&efnDMuw,f/ 'Dum&ef,lenf;udk abcd

pepfvdkU oauFwjy&w,f/

t"dyÜm,fudk Munfh&atmif/ acgif;pOfu Nationality wJU/ ]vlrsKd; vdkU

tMurf;zsOf; jrefrmvdkajym&rSmyJ/ 'Dacgif;pOf[m uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;&JU qdkvdkcsuf

twGuf ta&;BuD;aMumif; owdjyKygav/

4

I have grown past hate and bitterness. ig[m trkef;wkdU?

emusnf;pdwfwdkUudk ausmfvGefum BuD;&ifhvmcJUNyDwJU/ bitterness [m hate eJU

t"dyÜm,fwl pum;vkH;vdkU ,lqvJ &ygw,f/ av;eufatmif wJGokH;w,faygh/

'grSr[kwf hate urkef;wm? bitterness urw&m;rIwpfckaMumifh emusnf;aewm

vdkU ,lqEdkifygw,f/ bmudkrkef;wmvJ/ acgif;pOfu Nationality vdkU

trnfay; xm;avawmh vlrsKd;a&;t&rkef;wm? vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;tay:

emusnf;aewmvdkU aumuf&ayvdrfhr,f/ t&ifwkef;uawmh olUrSm 'Dvdk vlrsKd;csif;

rkef;wD;pdwf awG&SdcJUayr,fhvJ ckawmhtoufBuD;vmNyDrdkU i,fi,fwkef;uvdk csr,f?

wdkufr,f qdkwmrsKd;awG r&Sdawmhygbl;/ pdwf"mwf aysmhaysmif;vmNyD/

&ifhusufvmNyDvdkU qdkvdkw,f/

I see the world as one urÇmBuD;udk wpfckwnf;vdkUyJ jrifygw,fwJU/

urÇmay: &Sd vlrsKd;toD;oD;[m twlwlyJaygh/ nDtpfudkawGcsnf;yJaygh/

Yet 'gayr,fhvdkU-wJU/

though I can no longer hate ighrSm trkef;w&m; (vlrsKd;a&;rkef;wD;pdwf)

r&Sdawmhr,fvJ-wJU/ (t*FvdyfvdkrSmu hate udk verb vdkokH;xm;wm?

twdtusqdk vQif ]igrrkef;awmhayr,fh jzpfr,f/ jrefrmvdk raumif;bl;/ 'gaMumifh

jyifa&;vdkuf&w,f/)

My son is still my son ighom;[m ighom;ygyJwJU/

All men at God’s round table sit vltm;vkH;[m a'0

(xm0&bk&m;vnf; ac:Mu&JU) &JU pm;yGJ0dkif;rSm xdkifaeMuw,fwJU/ pm;yGJ0dkif;qdkwm

a&S;a&S;u t*Fvdyfbk&ifBuD; tmom xGifcJUwmy/ olU ol&Jaumif;awGudk

tqifhtwef; rcJGjcm;apbJ wpfwef;wpfpm; wnf;xdkifMu&apzdkU pm;yGJ0dkif;udk

tmombk&if xGifcJUw,fvdkU qdkw,f/ ckacwfrSmvJ ]pm;yJG 0dkif;nDvmcHpojzifh

okH;Muw,f/ zefqif;&Sif a'0&JU a&SUawmfarSmufrSm vltm;vkH; twlwlygvdkU

qdkvdkwmjzpfw,f/

And all men must be fed vltm;vkH;udk tpmauR;&vdrfhr,fwJU/

5

vlcsif;twlwlyJrdkU pm;awmhvJ twlwla0pm;rQpm; jyK&vdrfhr,fvdkUqdkvdkwm

jzpf w,f/

But this loaf in my hand 'gayr,fh ighvufxJu 'DaygifrkefU[m This

loaf is my son’s bread 'DaygifrkefU[m ighom;pm;p&myJjzpfw,fwJU/

tck tJovdk yg'vdkufombmjyefxm;wmudk olUrl&if; t*FvdyfeJU ykHpH

wlEdkifoa&GU wlatmif uAsmjyK&vQif-

vlrsKd;

trkef; a'go ig vGefcJUNyD/

urÇmwpfckwnf; jrif&JU/

'gayr,fh? igrrkef;awmhayr,fh

ighom;[m ighom;uG,f/

vltm;vkH; ewfpm;yGJ0dkif;rSmxdkif?

vltm;vkH; auGs;&vdrfh?

ighvufxJu rkefUuawmh?

ighom;yJ pm;&vdrfh/

uAsmrSm teuft"dyÜm,f[m ESpfrsKd;&Sdwwfw,f/ tay:,Ht"dyÜm,feJU

twGif;om; t"dyÜm,f/ tck uAsm&JU tay:,H t"dyÜm,fudk od&NyD;wJUaemuf

twGif;om;t"dyÜm,f[m rcJ,Of;vSawmhygbl;/ olUom;vdkUolajymaewm[m

olUvlrsKd;? olUwdkif;jynfudk qdkvdkwmjzpf aMumif; vG,fvG,feJUyJ odEdkifygvdrfhr,f/

'Dawmh uAsmq&majymcsifwJU oabmu ol[m i,fpOfuvdk vlrsKd;a&;

rkef;wD;pdwfwkdU? tmCmwwdkU r&Sdawmhygbl;/ vlrsKd;tm;vkH; twlwlyJ/ vlrsKd;tm;vkH;

cspfcspfcifcif oifhoifhjrwfjrwf aeMu&r,fqdkwmudk oabm aygufodjrifvmygNyD/

6

'gayr,fh vufawGUta&;BuKHvmvQifawmh rdrdvlrsKd;udkyJ OD;pm;ay; &vdrfhr,f/

rdrdvlrsKd;aumif;pm;a&;? rdrdwdkif;jynfBuD;yGm;a&;udkyJ tm;xkwf&r,fvdkU jzpfw,f/

'gjzifh uAsmuajymaewJU ]igqdkwm b,folvJvdkU wpfqifhwufNyD; pOf;pm;

Mu&atmif/ uAsm&JU ]ig[m uAsmq&mwpfOD;wnf;r[kwfwmudk od&r,f/

cifAsm;? uRefawmf? tm;vkH; jzpfEdkifwmcsnf;ygyJ/ 'gayr,fh olUuAsm&JU acgif;pOfudk

axmufcsifhvdkufawmh cifAsm; uRefawmfyk*¾vduqdkwmxuf urÇmhtwdkif;twmeJU

ajymcsifwmygvm;vdkU &dyfpm; rdEdkifw,f/ urÇmhtjzpftysufawGudk pdwf0ifpm;

avhvmaeol jzpfcJUvQif uAsmq&majym wJU ]ig[m urÇmhEdkifiHBuD;awGudk

ajymwmvdkU em;vnf oabmaygufEdkifygvdrfhr,f/ twdwf urÇmordkif;udkyJ

MunfhMunfh? ypöu©urÇmha&;&mawGudkyJ avhvmavhvm? urÇmhEdkif iHBuD;wcsKdU[m

olwkdUudk,folwdkU urÇmhEdkifiHi,fav;awG&JU u,fwif&SifBuD;? ulnDtm;ay; olBuD;?

r[mrdwfBuD;&,fvdkU w,fvkyfcsifMuwmudk;/ b,ftrsKd;om;awG&JU vGwfajrmufa&;

udk uRefawmfwkdUuaxmufcHtm;ay;ygw,f/ b,fwdkif;jynfawG&JU zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;

udkulnDygw,f/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;? trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&; bmnm

pojzifh w,f tmaygiftm&if; oefMuoudk;/ 'gawG[mwu,fyJvm;/ w,fhudk

trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;zHGYNzdK;a&;awGrSm apwemoefUoefUeJU

ulnDrSmwJUvm;? rulnDygbl;/ olwkdUwdkif;jynf olwkdUvlrsKd;&JU tusKd;pD;yGm;udkom

olwkdUvkyfMurSmyg/ vkyfaeMuwmyg/ olwkdUEdkifiHBuD;awG ajrSmufay;orQ yg;pyfeJU

ulnDorQ t[kwfrSwfvQif rSm;vdrfhr,fvdkU uAsmq&mu owday;aewm

jzpfygaMumif;/

7

PEOPLE WHO MUST

I painted on the roof of a skyscraper.

I painted a long while and called it a day's work,

The people on a corner swarmed and the traffic cop's

whistle never let up all afternoon.

They were the same as bugs, many bugs on their way­

Those people on the go or at a standstill,

And the traffic cop a spot of blue, a splinter of brass,

Where the black tides ran around him.

And he kept the street. I painted a long while.

And called it a day's work.

Carl Sandburg

rem;raeb0

'DvdkuAsmrsKd;udk vGwfvyfuAsm (vers libre) vdkU ac:w,f/ a&S;&dk;uAsmvdk

rMwmpepfudk rokH;bJ pum;ajym &pforfudk okH;wJU uAsmrsKd;? yg'ta&twGuf

yg'wpfck rSmygwJU tu©&mta&twGufwdkUrSm wdwdususowfrSwfcsufr&SdwJU

uAsmrsKd;ygyJ/ BudKuf&m yg'wpfckudk ,lMunfhygav/ v[k*&k? v[k*&k? odkUr[kwf

*&kv[k? *&kv[k qdkwJU wpfajy;nDnD owfrSwfpDpOfxm;wm r&Sdawmhygbl;/

yg'trSwf 1 udkMunfh&atmif/ *&koH xm;&r,fh ae&mawGudk pmvkH;apmif;eJU

jyvdkufr,f/

I paint/ed on/the roof/of ad sky/scraper ESpfvkH;wpfwJG

ESpfvkH;wpfwJG oGm;rSmvkdvdkeJU roGm;bJjzpfaewmudk awGU&vdrfhr,f/ 'g

pum;ajymykHpHygyJ/ 'gayr,fh a,bk,sawmhedrfhjrifhoHnDvkeD; jzpfaewmudk

awGU&w,f/ t*Fvdyf pum;ajymwmuvJ tJ'Dtwdkif;ygyJ/ aemufyg'rsm;udk

qufavhvmMunfhvQif ydkoabmaygufvdrfhr,f/

uJ-tck t"dyÜm,fudk MunfhMu&atmif/

8

acgif;pOfu Peopple Who Must wJU/ must qdkwm Bud,maxmufrQ

jzpfw,f/ aemufu Bud,mjynfhwpfvkH; jznfhvsuf yg&r,f/ must go, must

work ponfjzifh/ tck rygbl;/ wrifwdkUvdkUwef;vef;vkyfxm;w,f/ pmzwfolu

udk,fxnfhcsif&m Bud,m wpfckckxnfhNyD; cHpm;Munfh&kHyJ/ oGm;&vm&

tvkyfvkyf&wmudk t"DyÜm,fxGufwJUpum;vkH; wpfckckom jzpfEdkifw,fqdkwmudk

oabmaygufEdkifw,f/ olUuAsmpmom;udk tptqkH; zwfMunfhvdkufawmhrS

t&om&SdvdkufwJU acgif;pOfuav;qdkwmudk oabmaygufvmvdrfh r,f/

I painted on the roof of a skyscraper ig rdk;xdwdkufBuD;acgif;rdk;ay:rSm

yef;csDqGJaew,fwJU/ wu,faq;eJU ydwfum;eJUyef;csDqGJwmvJ jzpfEdkifw,f/

uAsmq&mu pum;vkH;awGeJU yef;csDjc,faewmvJ jzpfEdkifw,f/ BudKufovdk

,lqygav/

I painted a long while tMumBuD;qGJwmwJU/

and called it a day's work awmfavmufNyD/

em;OD;r,fvdkUatmufarhrdowJU/ t*Fvdyfpum;rSm idiom &Sdwmu call it a day

yg/ tvkyfvkyfwm awmfavmufNyDvdkU t"dyÜm,fxGufw,f/ 'gudkyJwdk;csJUNyD;

uAsmq&mu called it a day's work vdkUa&;vdkuf wmyg/

the people on a corner swarme axmifhwpfaxmifhrSm vlawGpkNyKHtkHzGJU

aeawmhw,fwJU/

and the traffic cop's whistle never let up all afternoon

,mOfxdef;&Jom;&JU 0D0DoH[m wpfnaevkH; &yfw,fudkr&Sdawmhbl;wJU/

They were the same as bugs, many bugs on their way olwkdU[m

ydk;rTm;awG? csDwufvmaeMuwJU ydk;rTm;tajrmuftjrm;eJU twlwlygyJwJU/ 'Dae&mrSm

t*Fvdyfpum;csif; wlayr,fh NAdwdoQeJUtar&duef tokH;tEIef;rwlnDwmudk

owdjyKyg av/ NAdwdoQt*Fvdyfpum;rSm bug qdkwmuMurf;ydk;vdknpfwD;npfywf

tdrfrSmMurf;rSm aygufzGm;wJU aoG;pkyftaumiftavS;rsm;udkomac:wm/ tar&duef

t*Fvdyfpum;rSmawmh tyifawGudk udkufpm;zsufqD;wwfwJU tif;qufydk;rTm;

9

rSeforQvdkvdkudk ac:w,f/ um;vfqJef;'bwfu tar&duefpmqdkqdkawmh ydk;rTm;vdkU

em;vnf&r,f/

Those people on the go or at a standstill oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;aewJU?

Nidrf&yfaewJU 'DvlawGwJU? 'Dyg'[m txufu yg'eJUaygif;NyD;rS wpf0gusjzpfw,f/

They were the same uae standstill txd ESpfyg' aygif;vdkufawmhrS

]oGm;vmaewJU &yfaewJU 'DvlawG[m ydk;rTm;awGeJUtwlwlygyJvdkU jzpfoGm;w,f/

And the traffic cop a spot of blue, a splinter of brass

,mOfxdef;&Jom;BuD;[m tjympufwpfpuf? aMu;0gtydkif;tpwpfprQomwJU/ uAsm

q&m[m rdk;xdwdkufBuD; acgifrdk;ay:uqdkwmudk owdjyKygav/ tjyma&mif

,leDazmif;eJU &Jom;BuD;udk tjympufwpfpufyJ jrif&awmhwmaygh/ olUMu,foD;?

cg;ywfacgif; ponfu aMu;0g? 'gaMumifh aMu;0gtydkif;tpvdkUzGJUw,f/ jrefrmvdkrSm

awmh ]tydkfif;tp qdkwJU pum;vkH;u tm;aysmhaew,f/ splinter qdkwmu

ckwfvdkufcGJvdkufvkdUyJUxGufvmwJU cRefcReftydkif;tpudk ajymwm/ bmomjyef[m

rl&if;udk vdkufrrDawmhbl;/

Where the black tides ran around him.

And he kept the street 'Da&teufawGu olUywfvnfrSm

pD;qif;oGm;&m olu vrf;rBuD;udk xdef;odrf;ae&mrSmwJU/ 'DESpfyg'udktxufyg' (

And the traffic cop pwJUyg')eJU aygif;vdkufygav/ 0gusjynfhpkHoGm;vdrfhr,f/

'Da&teufawG olU0ef;usif rSmpD;qif;oGm;&mvr;fudk olxdef;ae&mrSm &JBuD;[m

tjympufwpfpuf rQom ...vdkU jzpfoGm; vdrfhr,f/ vlawGudk

]'Da&teufvdkUokH;xm;wJUedrdwfykH&JU xdrdoGm;ykHudk qifjcifygav/

I painted a long while/And called it a day's work igtMumBuD;

yef;csDqGJ aecJUwm? awmfavmufNyD? em;OD;r,fwJU/

omrefumvQHum tay:,HaMum MunfhvdkufvQifawmh 'DuAsm[m

a&TNrdKUawmfrSm vlawGpnfum;aeykHudk zGJUxm;wmyJvdkUqdk&kH&SdwmyJaygh/ 'gayr,fh

olUacgif;pOfwyfxm;ykH&,f called it aday's work vdkU ESpfcgxyfausmhykH&,fudk

10

xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;Munfhvdkufr,fqdk vQifawmh vlpnfum;wm? ysm;yef;cwfrQ

oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;ae&wmrQudk o&kyfazmfwmxuf ydkaeaMumif;odvmvdrfhr,f/

I painted a long while and called it a day's work...

iguomtMumBuD; yef;csDqGJcJUNyDyJ? wpfaeUwmtvkyf awmfavmufNyD? &yfOD;rS

jzpfr,fvdkU qdkaew,f/ wu,fuawmh awmfvdkUr&yguvm;/ &yfvdkU r&yguvm;/

qufvufoGm;ae &OD;rSm/ vIyf&Sm;ae&OD;rSmygvm;/ b0qdkwm'Dvdktqwfrjywf

oGm;vmvIyf&Sm; aewmyg uvm;qdkwJU todudk wpdrfhpdrfhtaMumxJ tcsOfxJ

cHpm;vm&w,f/ 'Doabmudk acgif;pOf People Who Must ujyaew,f/

]raerem; wpfoGm;wnf; oGm;&wmqdkwJU b0oHo&m oDcsif;pmom;eJU qifw,f/

xyfwlawmhr[kwfbl;/ b0oHo&mu oHo&mudk ajymwm/ qJef'bwfuawmh

ckb0udkyJ ]raerem; wpfoGm;wnf;oGm; ae&wmygwJU/

-&r,fhvlawG

ig rdk;xdwdkufBuD; acgifrdk;ay: yef;csDqGJw,f/

ig tMumBuD; qGJNyD; awmfavmufNyD qkH;jzwfcJU/

axmifhwpfaxmifhrSm vlawG tkHzGJU? ,mOfxdef;&J&JU 0DpDoH wpfnaevkH;

rpJawmhbl;/

ydk;rTm;awGeJU twlwlygyJ? csDwufvmaewJU ydk;rTm;awG-

tJ'D oGm;vmae? Nidrf&yfaewJU vlawG/

,mOfxdef;&JU tjymwpfpuf? aMu;0gtpwpfp/

'Da&teufa&mif olUywfvnf pD;qif;ae

ol vrf;rBuD;udk xdef;? ig tMumBuD; yef;csDqGJ?

NyD; awmfavmufNyD qkH;jzwfcJUw,f/

um;vf qJef'bmh*f

11

TREE AT MY WINDOW

Tree at my window, window tree,

My sash is lowered when night comes on;

But let there never be curtain drawn

Between you and me.

Vague dream­head lifted out of the ground.

And thing next most diffuse to cloud,

not all your light tongues talking aloud

Could be profound.

But tree, I have seen you taken and tossed,

And if you have seen me when I slept.

You have seen me when I was taken and swept

And all but lost.

That day she put our heads together,

Fate had her imagination about her,

Your head so much concerned with outer,

Mine with inner, weather.

Robert Frost

12

ighjywif;aygufu opfyif

Tree at my window, window tree ighjywif;aygufu opfyif?

jywif;yifiJU/ opfyifudkyJ vlozG,f ac:a0:vdkufwJU tmvkyfpum;/

My sash is lowered when night comes on na&mufvmvQif

(jywif;ayguf) em;ywfwef;udk atmufqJGcsvdkuf&w,f/

vQif (jywif;ayguf)em;ywfwef;udk atmufqGJcsvdkuf&w,f/

But let ...... me 'gayr,fh rif;eJUigMum; uefUvefUum rjcm;ygapeJUwJU/

rif;eJUig b0wlawGyJvdkU qdkvdkw,f/

Vague .... Ground ajrBuD;xJu ajrmufwufvmwJU 0dk;w0g; tdyfruf

acgif;iHU ..... opfyifudk ac:vdkufwmvdkU od&r,f/ opfyifudkyJ owå0gvdk

tdyfrufrufwwf? awG;wwf av[efwifpm;a&;xm;w,f/

And thing.....cloud wdrfqDudk tysHUESHUqkH;t&miJUwJU/ 'gvJopfyifudk

ajymaewmygyJ/ opfyifBuD;u tmumoxJ rdk;rdk;rwfrwfysHUESHUae[ef? pum;qdkae

[efjzpfaewmudk o&kyfazmfxm;wmyg/

Not all....profound us,fus,favmifavmif pum;qdkaeMuwJU

rif;&JUayghyg; wJU vQmtm;vkH;[m eufeJEdkifr,f r[kwfbl;/ opf&GufvIyf&Sm;oHudk

opf&Gufrsm; pum;ajym[efeJU EIdif;,SOfwifpm;a&;Muwm awGUzl;rSmaygh/ ckvJ

tJ'gudkyJ wpfrsKd;zJGUwmygyJ/

But tree, I have seen you taken and tossed 'gayr,fh opfyif &,f?

rifhudk qkyfudkifa0SU,rf;Muwm igjrifzl;w,fwJU/ avrkefwdkif;u opfyifBuD;udk

qkyfudkif cg,rf;vdkufwmudk zGJUxm;wmygyJ/

And if you have seen me when I slept igtdyfwkef;rSm rif;ighudk

jrifzl;w,f qdkvQif (jywif;aygufu opfyifqdkwmudk owd&ygav)

You have seen me....lost ighudk qkyfudkifcg,rf;MuordkU

vkH;0'ku©a&muf&wm udk rif;jrifzl;rSmayghwJU/ uAsmq&mu olUtjzpfudk opfyifudk

13

ajymjyaewmjzpfw,f/ opfyifudk rkefwdkif;u vIyfudkifa0SU,rf;ypfovdk rdrd

uAsmq&mudkvJ qkyfudkifcg,rf;ypfMuvdkU 'ku©a&mufcJU&ygw,fwJU/ rkefwdkif;

'PfcH&wJUae&m? opfyifeJUuAsmq&m wlMuw,f/ uAsmq&mudk qkyfudkifcg,rf;NyD;

'ku©ay;wJU ]rkefwdkif;uaum "mwfBuD;av;yg;xJu 0ga,mrkefwdkif;yJvm;

qufzwfygav/

That day she put our heads together igwkdU OD;acgif;awGudk

twl,SOfxm;wJU aeUuwJU/ iga&mrif;a&m pdwfqif;&JatmifvkyfwJU aeUuvdkU

t"dyÜm,f&w,f/ vkyfwJUol she qdkwmb,folvJ? aemufpmaMumif;rSm ygw,f/

Fate had her imagination about her uHMur®m[m awmfawmfpdwf

ul;aumif;w,faemf-wJU/ uHMur®mudk she vdkU okH;xm;aMumif; od&NyD/

rif;eJUighudkwpfNydKif euf'ku©a&mufapwJU aeUuuHMur®m[m pdwful;aumif;w,f/

OmPfBuD;w,f/ igwkdUudk vSvSyy 'ku©a&mufatmif BuHBuHpnfpnfvkyfrS

vkyfwwfw,fvkdU qdkvdkw,f/

Your head so much concerned with outer 0gusrqkH;bl;vdkUod&r,f/

outer u emr0daooeqdkawmh olUaemufu emrfwpfck&Sd&r,f/ aemufyg'u

inner &JU aemufu emrfyk'f weather yJvdkU qufpyf,lwwf&w,f/

tjynfhtpkHjyefa&; vQif-

Your head concerned with outer weather,

Mine with inner weather vdkU &r,f/ rifhacgif;rSm jyifyrdk;av0o

aMumifh ylyef&? ighacgif;rSm twGif;rdk;av0oaMumifh ylyef&ygowJU/

tckav;ydk'fpvkH;&JU oabmoGm;udk awmufavQmufqufpyfMunfhMu&atmif/

uAsmq&m&JU tcef;jywif;0em;rSm opfyifBuD;wpfyif&Sdw,f/ uAsmq&meJU

'Dopfyif[m wpfom;wnf;ygyJ/ nrSm em;ywfwef;udk qGJcsNyD; tdyf&apum?

opfyifeJU oleJU b0jcm;roGm;ygbl;wJU/ uAsmq&mu opfyifudk vlvdk

oabmxm;NyD; qufqHpum;ajymae w,f/ ajrBuD;xJu <uwufvmum tdyfruf

rufwwfolBuD;vdkU ac:xm;w,f/ rdk;xdvkeD; rm;rm;&yfum pum;awG <u,f0

14

w,f/ pum;awGuawmh av;av;eufeufcsnf; [kwfr,f awmhrxifbl;wJU/

'gayr,fh'DopfyifBuD;vJ 'ku©uif;uif;ae&&Smwmawmh r[kwfbl;/ wpfcgwpfav

'DopfyifBuD;crsm zrf;udkifa0SU,rf;ypfwm cH&&Smw,fqdkwmudk uAsmq&m jrifzl;

w,f/ tvm;wlyJ tdyfaysmfaepOf uAsmq&mvJ wpfpkHwpfOD;u qkyfudkifarTU,rf;ypf

wm cH&ovdk jzpfae&wmudk opfyifBuD;jrifzl;rSmygyJwJU/ jywif;em;u opfyif

qdkawmh uAsmq&mtdyfwm rjrifcsifhtqkH;udk;/ opfyifeJUuAsmq&m[m uHMur®m&JU

txktaxmif;udk cH&wJUae&mrSm wlnDMuav&JU/ opfyifu A[d'¨rdk;av&JU 'Pfudk

cH&? r[d'¨rdk;avudk aMumufae&&Smw,f/ uAsmq&mrSmawmh tZöswårdk;avudkyJ

&GHUaMumufae&awmhw,f-wJU/

'DuAsmrSm tjrifhqkH;tydkif;? ta&;tBuD;qkH; tydkif;u pwkw¦tydk'f?

wwd,eJU pwkw¦yg'rsm;yJ jzpfw,f/ rMumrMum udk;um;avh&SdMuw,f/

Your head so much concerned with outer,

Mine with inner, weather

t*Fvdyfpum;rSm weather qdkwm jrefrm ]rdk;av0oxufydkw,f/

rdk;eJUav avmufwif ajymwm r[kwfbJ rdk;awG? avawG0&kef;okef;um;

wdkuf[,f &Gm[,feJU aomif;usef;wmudkyg teufxGufaew,f/ opfyifcH&wJU

rdk;av0o uawmh &Sif;ygw,f/ vlom;jzpfwJUuAsmq&m cHpm;&wJU ]rdk;av0ou

bmvJ/ ]tZöswå(twGif;)vdkU nTef;wmudk owdjyKygav/ ppfruf? pD;yGm;a&;?

tdrfaxmifa&;pwJUtjyif A[d'¨tjzpfqdk;rsm;udk ajymwm r[kwfbJ? 'Dtjyify

A[d'¨tjzpfqdk;awGaMumifh twGif;pdwfrSmvmNyD; *,ufx&wJU a'gre ów&m;awG

jzpfw,f/ vlrSm 'ku©a&muf&w,fqdkwm twGif;pdwfygyJ/ twGif;pdwf Aavmifql

tkH<uaewmu jyifyrD;xuf qdk;w,f/ 'DpdwfaMumifh uAsmq&mrSm tdyf&xJ

vl;vGefUae&wmrsm; opfyifBuD;udk rkefwdkif;u a0SU,rf;ypfaeovkdygyJwJU/ pdwf&JU

'ku©ay; EdkifpGrf;udk uAsmq&mu ajymaewmjzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmf

tcka&;ajyaeovdk &Snf&Snfa0;a0; a&;raebJ ('Dxufru usrf;wpfapmifwpfzGJU

a&;csifvQifvnf; &ao;w,f) pum;av;ESpfvkH; (inner weather) eJUwif

o&kyfyDapw,f/ 'g uAsmajymykHyg yJ (the way poetry speaks) /

15

igh jywif;aygufu opfyif

ighjywif;aygufu opfyif? jywif;yifiJU?

n a&mufawmh em;ywfwef; qGJcs&/

uefUvefUumawmh rjcm;apeJU? b,fawmhrS

rif;eJU ig Mum;vQif/

ajru wufvmwJU tdyfrufacgif;iJU?

wdrfqD tysHUqkH;? teD;u t&ma&?

us,favmifwJU rifhvQmaygh tm;vkH;[mav

reufeJEdkifuJGU/

tyifa&? rif; qGJ,rf;cH& ig jrifzl;w,f?

ig tdyfaewm rif; jrifzl;&ifvJ

ig qGJ,rf;cH&wm rif; jrifzl;NyDyJ?

t&IH;b0rQuG,f/

wdkU acgif;awGudk twlxm;pOfu

uHMur®m[m olUpdwful;av;eJU ol &,f?

rifh acgif;rSm jyifyaMumifh ylyef&w,f?

ighacgif; twGif; rdk;av0o/

a&mbwf za&mfhpfwf

16

uAsmudk £trÁ*dkPf;eJU zGJUygw,f/ av;yg'&SdwJUteuf yxr? 'kwd,?

wwd, yg'rsm;rSm av;*dkPf;pDyg&SdNyD; pwkw¦yg'rSm ESpf*dkPf;yg&Sdw,f/

tu©&mta&twGufvnf; wcsKdUyg'rSm udk;vkH;ygwwfNyD; pwkw¦yg'rSm

ig;vkH;jzpfaewwfw,f/ 'g vkyf&dk;vkyfpOfygyJ/ um&efpepfu abba jzpfw,f/

17

EAST BRONX

In the street two children sharpen

Knives against the curb.

Parents leaning out the window

above gaze and think and smoke

and duck back into the house

with locked door to read

of the happiness of two tortoises

on an island in the Pacific­

always alone and always

the sun shining

David Ignatow

rodusKd;uRH

t*FvdyfuAsm zwfw,fqdkwm yg'vdkUac:wJ wpfaMumif;pD wpfaMumif;pDudk

wifMunfhNyD; t"dyÜm,faumufvdkUr&aMumif; tckavmufqdkvQif ('Du@udk

tpOfwpdkuf zwfcJUolrsm;) &dyfrdoabmaygufavmufygNyD/ uAsmrSm yg'awG

pDwmeJU o'genf;t& 0guszGJUwm wjcm;pDjzpfw,f/ wpfyg' (0g? wpfaMumif;)udk

wpf0gusvdkU r,lqtyfbl;? o'genf;t& 'kwd,yg'udkrsm; qufxm;avovm;

Munfhwwf&w,f/

tckuAsmudkMunfhav/ yxryg'u

In the street two children sharpen vrf;ay:rSm uav;ESpfa,muf

aoG;aeMuw,fwJU/ bmudkaoG;aeMuwmvJ/ aoG;vdkufawmhrS "m;aoG;aeMu rSef;

od& w,f/

In the street two children sharpen knives against the curb

vrf;ay:rSm uav;ESpfa,muf yvufazmif;tpGef;rSm "m;aoG;aeMuw,fwJU/

18

'gayr,fh atmufyg'awGrSmawmh 0gusBuD;u t&SnfBuD;wpfaMumif;wnf;

jzpfae wJUtwGuf tvsOf;oihfovdkom yk'fpkav;awGcJGJNyD; bmomjyefygr,f/

Parents leaning out the window above tay:u jywif;

aygufurSD&yfaewJU rdbrsm;-

gaze and think and smoke ai;Munfhum? pOf;pm;um?

aq;vdyfaomufum-

and duck into the house tdrfxJudk jyefa&SmifxGufoGm; Muw,fwJU/

'Dae&mrSm jrefrmvdkbmomjyefu t*Fvdyfpum;udk vdkufvdkUrrDawmhyg/ duck

qdkwmu wpfckck ypfvdkufvdkU rrSef&atmif acgif;ikHUa&Smifvdkufwmudk ajymwm/

tEå&m,fudk a&Smifw,fqdkwJUoabm tvdkdvdkygaew,f/ jrefrmvdkteD;qkH;pOf;pm;NyD;

]a&SmifxGufvdkU okH;vdkuf w,f/ rl&if;udk rrDygbl;/

0gusu tJ'DrSmwif rNyD;ao;ygbl;/ bmvdkU a&SmifxGufoGm;w,fqdkwmudk

qufajymygw,f/ &nf&G,fcsufjyyk'fpku jrefrmrSmBud,ma&SUuaew,f/

(ynmoifzdkU ausmif;oGm;w,f)? t*FvdyfrSm Bud,maemufuaew,f/ (go to

school to learn...)/ ckvJ tJ'Dtwdkif;yJ bmvdkU a&SmifxGufvJ ....

to sit on the toilet seat tdrfomcGufay: xdkifzdkU .... wJU/

wpfcg t*Fvdyfpum;rSm emr0daooeyk'fu emrf&JUaemufuvmw,f/

(jrefrm rSmawmh emrf&JUa&SUu)/ tJ'Dawmh

to sit on the toilet seat with locked door wHcg;ydwfwJUtdrfom

cGufay: xdkif .... wJU/ bmvkyfOD;rSmvJ ....

to read pmzwfzdkUwJU/ bmzwfrSmvJ/

of the happiness of two tortoises vdyfESpfaumif&JU csrf;omokc

taMumif;udkwJU/ b,fu vdyfawGvJ/

on an island in the Pacific ypdzdwfork'´&mxJu uRef;wpfuRef;ay:u

vdyfESpfaumifwJU/

19

'g t*Fvdyfo'´g taqmufttkHtwdkif; wpfydkif;pD &Sif;jycJUwmyg/

jrefrmvdkqdkvQifawmh o'´gaqmufttkHudkjyifypfum 0guswdkav;awG vkyfypf&rSmyJ/

]]tdrfomxJ0if? wHcg;ydwf? ypdzdwfork'´&mxJu uRef;wpfuRef;ay:u

vdyfESpfaumif&JU csrf;omokctaMumif; zwfaeawmhw,fvdkU jzpfr,f/

always alone tNrJwrf;ESpfaumifwnf;wJU/ 'gvdyfESpfaumifwnf;&Sdwmudk

ajymwmjzpfovdk? tjyifavmurSm bmjzpfaeae? udk,fhbmomudk,fyJ

at;at;vlvlae csifwJU rdbqdkolrsm;&JU pdwfobm0udkvJ nTef;vdk&dyfjyaew,f/

always the sun shining aeuvJ tNrJxGef;vif;vdkUwJU/ 'Dae&mrSm

o'gt& ydkif;,ljyvdkufwm jzpfw,f/ uAsmpmudk,frSmawmif always alone and

always &,fvdkU wpfaMumif;wnf;rSmpDxm;wJUtwGuf 'kwd, always u yxr

always udk tm;jznfhay;ovdk &Sdaew,f/ olwkdUat;wJU wdkif;jynfrsm;rSmu

aexGef;vif; w,fqdkwm &moDOwk om,mwmygyJ/ 'gaMumifhae

tNrJxGef;vif;w,fqdkwm &moDOwk tNrJom,mw,fvdkU qdkvdk&ma&mufw,f/

tck uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk jyefMunfhMu&atmif ....

vrf;ay:rSm uav;ESpfa,muf yvufazmif;tpGef;rSm "m;aoG;aeMuw,f/

vrf;txufwdkufcef;ay:u jywif;aygufrSm 'Duav;awG&JU rdb? olwdkUrdb

r[kwfvJ rdbt&G,fvlBuD;rsm; &yfMunfhaeMuw,f/ NyD;- pOf;pm;awG;awm

aeMuao;w,f/ (trIrJUtrSwfrJU pOf;pm;MunfhMuao;w,f/) NyD;awmhrS aq;vdyf

aomufaevdkufMuw,f/ 'Daemuf jywif;aygufuae tdrfxJjyef0ifoGm;Muum

tdrfomxJ0if? tdrfomwHcg;ydwf? pmzwfaeMu awmhw,f/ zwfwJUpmu

ypdzdwfork'´&may:u uRef;wpfuRef;ay:u vdyfESpfaumif &Tifvef;csrf;ajrUMuykH

taMumif; a&;zGJUxm;wJU pm/ uRef;uav;ay:rSm ESpfaumifwnf; &,f/

avmuBuD;eJU tqufjywfvdkU? &moDOwkuvnf; om,mygbdoeJUwJU/

uAsmu jzpf&yfESpfckudk rD;armif;xdk;jyxm;w,f/ wpf- vrf; wpfvrf;ay:rSm

"m;aoG;aewJU uav;ESpfa,muf/ ESpf- 'Duav;awG "m;aoG;aeMuwmudk

jrifygvsufeJU rodusKd;uRHjyKum udk,fhbmomudk,f pmzwfaeMuwJU vlBuD;wpfpk/

'gygyJ/ bma0zefcsufrS ryg/ bmokH;oyfcsuf? ed*kH;aumufcsufrSryg/ vufnSKd;xdk;&kH

20

xdk;jyvdkufwmyJ/ uAsm&JU tvkyfu 'gyJudk;/ uAsm&JUoabmudk em;rvnfol

wpfOD;oma&;r,fqdkvQif qufvufNyD;

þodkU uav;awG

jyKusifhaeaomf

raoGrkcs

vrf;nTef jyzdkU

rdbwm0ef jzpfonfwum;/

vdkU a&;awmhrSm aocsmw,f/ a&;awmh bmjzpfovJ a&;awmh

uAsmzwfol pdwf tvkyfvkyfp&m rusefawmhbl;aygh/ uAsmysufua&maygh/

'gayr,fh 'Dtwdkif; uRefawmfwdkU jrefrmuAsmq&mtrsm;pk a&;aeMuwmygyJ/

'DuAsm tygt0if David Ignatow &JU uAsmpk (Rescue the Dead) udk

1968ckESpfu ykHESdyfxkwfa0cJUwm jzpfw,f/ tJ'DESpfawGwpf0dkuf[m taemufvdkU

ac:MuwJU tar&d uef? t*Fvef? jyifopf? *smreDpwJU EdkifiHrsm;rSma&m?

ta&SUvdkUac:MuwJU &k&Sm;? w&kwfpwJU wdkif;jynfrsm;rSmyg vli,fawG&JU x<urIawG

acwfpm;cJUwJU tcgumvrsm;jzpfw,f/ vrf;o&J? [pfyD? wyfeD toGiftrsKd;rsKd;eJU

ay:aygufcJUMuwm rSwfrdygvdrfhr,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm uAsmxJu rdbrsm;vdk

b,folaoao iawrmNyD;a&m oabmxm;&SdcJUolrsm;u trsm;pk jzpfw,f/

udk,fhta&;udpör[kwfovdk bmodbmomaeEdkiftm;MuwJU tJ'Dvdk vlBuD;qdkol

rsm;udk uAsmq&mu oa&mfvdkuf[ef&Sdw,fvdkU ,lqEdkifygw,f/ wpfquf

wnf;rSmyJ vlawGzwfMuwJU pmrsm;udkvJ jyuf&,fjyKvdk[efawGUEdkifw,f/ jyify

urÇmrSm bmjzpfaeae pmzwfpOfavmuBuD;taMumif;udk arhypfxm;EdkifwJUpmrsKd;?

taysmfoufouf pmrsKd;awGaygh/ t*Fvdyfvdk Escapist Literature vdkUac:wJU

pmrsKd;y/ 'DpmayrsKd;udk oa&mfwJUuAsmwpfyk'fudk jrefrmuAsmq&mBuD; '*kefwm&mu

]]w[D[DoGm;&atmif qdkwJU acgif;pOfeJU 1949ckESpfavmufu a&;zl;w,f/

tJonfuRef;rSm

rdefUcGef;>rufMum;

w&m;a[moH

21

EdkifiHa&;vJ r&Sdbl;uG,fh/

b,fhES,fvJ ar

vlxJ olxJ [efaqmif0JrS

wkd;&SJa0;&m xdkuRef;omodkU

b,fcgvdkufr,f ajymprf;y/

'*kefwm&m&JU 1949u uAsmeJU a'Apf&JU 1968u

uAsm[mtESpfom&csif;rwlayr,fh escapism udk avSmifajymif&mrSmawmh

wlaeMuav&JU/ wpfOD;u w[D[DuRef;/ wpfOD;u ypdzdwfxJu uRef;? wpfOD;u

vlarmifr,f? wpfOD;u vdyfarmifESH/

ta&SUb&GefU

vrf;ay:rSm uav;ESpfa,muf yvufazmif;

tpGef;rSm "m;aoG;aew,f?

txufu jywif;aygufrSm rSD&yfaewJU

rdbrsm; ai;? awG;? aq;vdyfaomufMu

tdrfxJ jyef a&SmifxGufoGm;Mu

tdrfomcGufay: xdkif

wHcg;ydwf zwfMu

vdyfESpfaumif&JU csrf;omokc

ypdzdwfxJu uRef;wpfuRef;ay:

tNrJ ESpfaumifwnf;? tNrJ

aeu xGef;vif;vdkU/

a';Apf tpf*emwdk;

22

MEN OF TERRY STREET

They come in at night, leave in the early morning,

I hear their footsteps, the ticking of bicycle chains,

Sudden blasts of motorcycles, whimpering of vans,

Somehow I am either in bed, or the curtains are drawn.

This masculine invisibility makes gods of them,

A pantheon of boots and overalls.

But when you see them, home early from work,

Or at their Sunday leisure, they are too tired,

And bored to look long at comfortably

It hurts to see their faces, too sad or too jovial,

They quicken their step at the smell of cooking,

They hold up their children and sing to them.

Douglas Dunn

w,f&Dvrf;u vlawG

uaeUNAdwdefjynfrSm xdyfwef;uAsmq&mwpfOD; jzpfaewJU 'wf*vmhpf'ef;&JU

uAsm jzpfw,f/ olwuúodkvfausmif;om;b0u [m;vfNrdKUrSm tdrfiSm;aepOfu

w,f&Dvrf;eJU rvSrf;rurf;rSm aecJUw,f/ tJ'DuvlawGudk Munfh&Iavhvm&if;

]w,f&Dvrf;trnfeJU uAsmpmtkyfudk 1969u xkwfa0cJUwmygyJ/

uAsmudk av;yg' wpfydk'fvkyfNyD; a&;xm;ayr,fh yg'wpfckrSm

tu©&mta&twGuf uefUowfrxm;/ rMwmpepfudkvJ rokH;? um&efvJrygbJ

a&;xm;wmudk tvG,feJUodEdkifyg w,f/ zwfMunfhMu&atmif ....

They come in at night olwdkU nrSm(tdrfjyef)vmMuw,f/

leave in the early morning reuftapmBuD; jyefxGufoGm;Muw,f/

I hear their footsteps olwkdU&JU ajcoHawGudk igMum;&w,f/

23

The ticking of bicycle chains pufbD;csdef;BudK;&JU acsmufcsufoHawG

(igMum;&w,f)

sudden blasts of motorcycles armfawmfqdkifu,fawG&JU &kwfw&uf

aygufuGJoHawG (zkef;xdkif;jrnfoHawG)

whimpering of vans AJefum;awG&JU nnf;wGm;oHawG (igMum;&w,f)

Somehow I am either in bed bmyJjzpfjzpf igu

tdyf&mxJrSmvQifvJjzpfae

or the curtains are drawn uefUvefUumawGUvQifvnf; csxm;vsuf

om; jzpfaewwfw,f/ ('gaMumifh olwkdUudk rjrifbl;vdkUqdkvdkw,f/)

This masculine invisibility makes gods of them

tckvdka,mufsm;qefwJU rjrif&rIu olwkdUudk ewfawGjzpfoGm;apw,fwJU/

(a,mufsm;qdkwm reuftapmBuD; tdrfuxGufoGm;? nrSjyefvmawmh tdrfrSm

jrif&w,fudk r&Sdbl;/ 'gudk ]a,musfm;qefwJU rjrif&rIvdkU ajymwmygyJ/

rjrif&bl;qdkawmh ewfawGvdkyJaygh/ ewfqdkwmvJ uRefawmfwkdU vlom;awGu

rjrifMu&bl;r[kwfvm;/)

A pantheom of boots and overalls bGwfzdeyfawG tdkAma&mvfawG&JU

ewftaygif;/

tdkAma&mvfqdkwm tvkyform;awG0wfwJU a&SUydkif;rSm &ifywfudkvTrf;um

yckH; uaeBudK;odkif;ygwJU abmif;bDyGyGudk ac:wm/

pantheon qdkwmu vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;tvdkuf udk;uG,fwJU ewftpktaygif;udk

ac:wm/

But when you see them, home early from work Or at their

Sunday leisure 'gayr,fh tvkyfutdrfudk apmapmjyefvmwJUtcg 'grSr[kwf

we*FaEG tm;vyfwJUtcg olwkdUudkjrif&vQifawmh

they are too tired And bored to look long at comfortably

olwkdU[m odyfarmyef;aeMu? NiD;aiGUaeMuonfrdkU pdrfajyeajycyfMum

24

MumMunfhcsifp&mudk r&Sdygbl;/ ('kwd,tydk'feJU wwd,tydk'fqufNyD;

awmufavQmufzwf&ykHudk rSwfom;yg/)

tdrftjyefrSm tm;wJU&ufrSmawmif tvkyform;BuD;awG armyef;EGrf;vsykH

aygufae &SmMuykHudk zGJUxm;wm jzpfw,f/

It hurts to see their faces, too sad or too jovial aMuuJGvGef;?

jrL;aysmfvGef;wJU olwkdU&JU rsufESmawGudk jrif&wm &ifemrdawmhw,f/

aMuuGJvGef;wJU olwkdUrsufESmawGudkjrif&vdkU emusif&wmuawmh [kwfygNyD/

jrL;aysmfvGef;wJU rsufESmawGudk jrif&vdkUemusif&wmu bmaMumifhvJ/ jrL;aysmfw,f

qdkayr,fhvJ 'ku©xJu tNyKH;? rcsdoGm;NzJudk;/ wu,fjrL;aysmfp&mrS r[kwfwmyJ/

qufzwfMunfh ygav/

They quicken their step at the smell of cooking csufwJUjyKwfwJU

teHUudk&awmh olwdkUajcvSrf;udk taomhESifMuw,f/ (qm&SmvGef;vdkUaygh)

They hold up their children and sing to them olwkdUuav;awGudk

ajrSmufcsDum oDcsif;qdkjyMuw,fwJU/ udk,fudk,fwdkifrStvkyfu yifyifyef;yef;

qmqmavmifavmif jzpfaewm oDcsif;qdkEdkifyghrvm;/ om;orD;u 0rf;omtm;&

ajy;vmawmhvJ aumuf,l ayGUcsDNyD; oDcsif;qdkjyMu&wmy/ 'ku©xJu tNyKH;udk

NyKH;&SmMu&? rcsdoGm;NzJ jy&SmMu&wmy/

uJ-tck wpfyk'fvkH;udk jrefrmvdka&;csMunfhMu&atmif/

w,f&Dvrf;u vlawG

olwkdU njyefvm? reuftapmBuD; xGufMu?

olwkdU ajcoH? pufbD; csdef;BudK; acsmufcsufoH?

armfawmfqdkifu,f &kwfw&ufaygufuGJoH? AJefum;nnf;oH ig Mum;&/

wpfenf;enf;eJU ig tdyf&mxJ a&mufae? uefUvefUum csxm;rdae/

'D ykv’difrjrif&rIu olwkdUudk ewf jzpfapcJU?

25

bGwfzdeyfawG? tdkAma&mvfawG&JU ewftaygif;y/

'gayr,fh tvkyfu apmapmtdrfjyefvmcsdef? we*FaEG tm;vyfcsdef?

olwkdUudkjrif&wJU tcgrawmh? olwkdU[m armvGef;

NiD;aiGUvGef;onfrdkU pdrfajyeajy MumMumrMunfhcsifp&mom/

aMuuGJvGef;? jrL;aysmfvGef;wJU olwdkUrsufESm jrif&wm emusifrd?

xrif;[if;eHU t&rSm olwdkU ajcvSrf;aomhMu?

uav;awGudk ajrSmufcsDum oDcsif;qdkjyMu/

'wf*vmhpf 'ef;

o&kyfrSefatmif a&;zGJUw,fqdkwm 'grsKd;udk ac:wm/ ya'o&mZf&JU

v,form;zGJU [m tjcm;ya'o&mZfacwf bkef;awmfzGJUrsm;ESifh pmvdkufvQif

qif;&Jom; awmolawmif om;udk zGJUazmf&ayw,fvdkU csD;usL;p&m jzpfayr,fh

aysmfp&mMunfEl;p&mcsnfh jzpfaew,f/ v,form;yJjzpfjzpf? tvkyform;yJjzpfjzpf?

olaX;yJjzpfjzpf? b0qdkwm aysmfp&meJU 0rf;enf; p&m? 'ku©eJU okc a&maewm

csnfhom/ qif;&Jom;rsm;usawmh qif;&Ju ydkayvdrfhr,f/ 'ef;&JU tvkyform;zGJU[m

'Dtcsufudk ay:vGifyDjyifatmif zGJUxm;Edkifw,f/ tvkyform; BuD;awG&JU aeUw"l0

b0udkusOf;usOf;eJU xdxdrdrdo&kyfazmfvdkufNyD;aemuf olwkdUwpfawG&JU 0rf;enf;

0rf;om b0tuGufuav;awGudkyg xdk;jyxm;Edkifw,f/ 'gayr,fholwkdUcrsmrsm;&JU

0rf;omtNyKH;qdkwmudku 'ku©xJu tNyKH;? udk,fhom;udk,fhorD;av;awGeJU tdrfrSm

cPwjzKwf twlaevdkuf&vdkU qif;qif;&J&J qmqmavmifavmifxJrSm rdb&JU

&ifxJutNyHK;? &ifeifhp&mtNyKH;? 'DtuGufuav;[myJ uAsmwpfckvkH;&JU

tacgiftcdkuf jzpfaew,f/

tvkyform;udkzGJUwJU acwfNydKifuAsm[m bmompum;t&vJ &dk;&dk;pif;pif;

pum;? jynfolokH;pum;jzpf&w,f/

They come in at night qdkwmrsKd;[m tvGefvG,fulwJU pum;rsKd;aygh/

('grsKd; udk bmomjyefwJUtcg bmomjyefq&muvJ tvkdufod&w,f/ olUvdkyJ

vG,fvG,fpum;? &dk;&dk;pum;eJUjyef&w,f/ ]nOfhOD;,HcgawG? ]t&kPfusif;pawGeJU

26

uAsmqefatmif[JUqdkNyD; uGefUray;&bl;/ olurS um&efrokH;bJ udk,fuvJ

um&efxnfhay;p&mrvdkbl;/) 'gayr,fh pum;&dk;ayr,fh tzGJUr&dk;wmudk Munfhygav/

]pufbD;csdef;BudK; acsmufcsufoH? armfawmf qdkifu,f &kwfw&uf aygufuGJoH?

AJefum; nnf;wGm;oHwkdU[m olUae&meJUol tH0ifcGifus o&kyfazmfEdkifpGrf;

&SdaeMuw,f/

]ykv’difrjrif&rI qdkwmuawmh jrefrmrSmawmh wpfrsKd;BuD;yJaygh/ t*Fvdyf

pum;rSmawmh ]ykv’dif (masculine) qdkwJUpum;? ]rjrif&rI (invisibility)

qdkwJUpum;awG[m aeUpOfokH;pum;awGyg/ tJ'Dae&mav;rSm tzGJUuav; qef;oGm;

wm qef;vkdUt&om &SdoGm;wmudk owdjyKygav/ a,mufsm;qefqef rjrif&bl;

qdkwm b,favmufwmoGm;wJU tzGJUuav;ygvJ/ rjrif&vdkU ewfjzpfoGm;w,f/

bGwfzdeyf -tdkAma&mvfawG&JU ewfawGqdkwm b,favmufxdrdwJU edrdwfykH

av;ygvJ/

wpfcg tvkyform;BuD;awG&JU yifyef;cufcJwJUb0udk zGJU&mrSma&m? acR;awG

oHawG? cGeftm;pdkuf&wmawG a&;raeawmhbl;/ ]armvGef;NiD;aiGUvGef;vdkU pdrfajyeajy

MumMum rMunfhcsifp&m qdkwJU wpfyg'av;eJUwif ajymp&mawGtrsm;BuD;udk

ajymjyvdkufw,f/ NyD;rS ]aMuuGJvGef;? jrL;aysmfvGef;wJU olwkdUrsufESmjrif&wm

emusifrdaMumif;eJU tm;jznfhay; vdkufw,f/ xrif;eHU? [if;eHUt&rSm ajcvSrf;awG

oGufvmMuwmudk zwf&awmh uRefawmf wdkUrSm idktm;xuf&,ftm;oef cHpm;rI

jzpfMu&jyefw,f/ oem;vJ oem;oGm;w,f/ uav; awGudk ajrSmufcsDum

oDcsif;qdkjywJUtaMumif; zwfvdkuf&jyefawmh rdom;pkb0? qif;&J twl?

csrf;omtrQ? rdbarwåm? wJtdkysufrSmae& pwmawG pwmawG[m 'DrQuav;

t>rufjy&kHeJU &ifxJrSm wpfavSBuD; cHpm;Mu&jyefa&m/

'wf*avmhpf 'ef;[m uaeU NAdwdefjynf&JU xdyfwef;uAsmq&mwpfOD;

jzpfaewm rqef;aybl;/ (olU arG;aeUouú&mZfu 1942yg/)

27

ON THE ROOFS OF TERRY STREET

Television aerials, Chinese characters

In the lower sky, wave gently in the smoke.

Nest building sparrows peck at moss,

Urban flora and fauna, soft, unscrupulous.

Rain drying on the slates shines sometimes.

A builder is repairing someone's leaking roof.

He kneels upright to rest his back.

His trowel catches the light and becomes precious.

Douglas Dunn

w,f&Dvrf;u acgifrdk;rsm;ay:rSm

uAsmudk ESpfaMumif;(ESpfyg')wpfydk'f a&;zGJUxm;w,f/ uyÜvpf (Couplet)

vdkU ac:w,f/ wpfyg'rSm tu©&mudk ta&twGuf uefUowfrxm;bl;/

&Hzefudk;vkH;? &Hzef q,fhwpfvkH;? &Hzef q,fhESpfvkH;yJ/ rMwmpepfudk

rokH;?pum;ajym&pforfyJ ,lxm;w,f/ um&efvJ rokH;bl;/

pmom;udk MunfhMupdkU/

acgif;pOfu On the Roofs of Terry Street w,f&Dvrf;ay:&JU acgifrdk;rsm;

ay:rSmwJU? t&iftywfu ]w,f&Dvrf;u vlrsm;udk a&;wJU uAsmq&myJ?

w,f&Dvrf;u taqmufttkHawG&JU acgif;rdk;rsm;udk zGJUaew,f/

Television aerals w,fvDApf&Sif; at&D,,fwdkifrsm;/

28

Chinese characters in the lower sky atmufydkif; aumif;uifrSm

w&kwf tu©&mrsm;/ 'g[m Nouns in apposition (emrfyk'fESpfckudk ,SOfwGJjcif;)

okH;xm; wmjzpfw,f/ Yangon, the capital of Myanmar (jrefrmjynf&JU

NrdKUawmf? &efukef) qdkwmrsKd;aygh/ ESpfckaygif;vdkufvQif ]atmufydkif;aumif;uifrSm

w&kwftu©&mrsm; (vdkjzpfaewJU) w,fvDApf&Sif; at&D,,fwdkifrsm;vdkU &r,f/

wave gently in the smoke rD;cdk;xJrSm nifnifomom

a0SU,rf;aeowJU/ avxJrSm r[kwf? rD;cdk;xJrSmaemf/

Nest­building sparrows peck at moss todkufaqmufwJU

pmuav;rsm; a&nSdudk xdk;qdwfMuw,f/

Urban flora and fauna NrdKUjytyifeJU taumif/ 'DrSmvJ nouns in

apposition okH;xm;w,fvdkU rSwfyg/ NrdKUjytyifeJU taumifqdkwm pmuav;eJU

a&nSdudkajymw,fvdkU em;vnf&w,f/ NrdKUjyrSmtyifqdkvdkU a&nSdyifyJ &Sdw,f/

taumifqdk vdkU pmuav;yJ&Sdw,faygh/

soft aysmhaysmif;w,f/ 'gvJ pmuav;eJU a&nSdyif ESpfckpvkH;udk

nTef;aewmygyJ/

unscrupulous MowåyÜw&m; r&Sdbl;/ raumif;rIjyKzdkU bmudkrS

riJUuGufwwf bl;wJU/ pmuav;eJU a&nSdyifudk nTef;aewmygyJ/ pmuav;vJ

olUtodkuf vkyfcsif&m vkyfr,f/ b,fol bmjzpfjzpf*&krpdkfufbl;/ a&nSdyifuvJ

aygufcsif&m aygufrSmyJ/ bmudkrS iJUuGufaerSm r[kwfbl;av/

'DESpfyg' wpfydk'fu NrdKUjy&JU obm0tvSuif;rJUNyD; pdwfysufp&mpmuav;eJU

a&nSdyifwdkUyJ rif;rlaewmudk o&kyfay:apw,f/ (uRefawmfwdkUwdkif;jynfrSmawmh

a&nSdtjyif anmifyifudkyg xnfhajym&rSmayghav/ anmifyifqdkwmuvJ

aygufcsif&m aygufwm unscrupulous ayudk;/)

Tain drying on the slates shines sometimes

oifykef;ausmuf(trdk;)awG ay:rSm ajcmufaoGUvmaewJU rdk;a&u

wpfcgwpfav0if;yaew,f/ olwdkUqDrSm ausmufoifykef;vkyfwJU ausmufjym;udk

29

tdrfrdk;&mrSm okH;ygw,f/ 'Dausmufjym; awG[m rlvuacs;anSmfawGeJU

ayusHaewmuvm;/ ckeu rdk;&Gmvdkufawmh acs;anSmfawG? zkefawG

a&aq;ypfvdkufovdk jzpfNyD; 0if;yvmw,f/ 'gayr,fh tNrJr[kwfbl;/

ae&mwumrSm r[kwfbl;/

]wpfcgwpfav rSomwJU/ [dkae&m onfae&mavmufrSmomwJU/

b,favmuf npfax;rnf;arSmifaeovJqdkwm jyaew,f/

A builder is repairing someone's leaking roof aqmufvkyfa&;

orm;wpfOD;[m wpfa,mufa,muf&JU rdk;,dkwJU acgifrdk;udk jyifaew,fwJU/ ckeu

a&nSdyif&,f/ tck rdk;,dkwm&,fudk axmufvdkufawmh 'D&yfuGufu

taqmufttkHawG b,favmuftdkrif;a[mif;jrif;aeNyDvJqdkwm odomw,f/

He kneels upright to rest his back olUausmjyifem;zdkU

rwfrwf'l;axmuf (xdkif)vdkufw,f/ tvkyform;BuD;[m

ukef;NyD;trdk;udkjyifae&wmyg/ Mumawmh cg;anmif;vmw,f/ 'Dawmh

enf;enf;rStanmif;ajy tnmajy oufomvdk oufomjim;? cg;udkrwf

rwfqefUvdkufw,f/ 'l;axmufvsufuawmh 'l;axmuf vsufygyJ/

His trowel catches light and becomes precious

olUoHvufutvif; udkzrf;rdvdkufum (oHvufay:udk jAKef;ceJ

tvif;usa&mufoGm;um) tzdk;wefoGm; awmh w,f/

'Dyg'[m uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;rSm tc&mygyJ/ aoaocsmcsmaphaphawG;NyD;

jrifa,mif cHpm;Munfhygav/ rdk;wGif;rdk;&GmNyD;pqdkawmh 0ef;usifwpfckvkH;[m

tkHUtkHUrIdif;rIdif;eJU &Sdaeayvdrfhr,f/ acgif;rdk;awGuvJ oifykef;ausmufrJGjyma&mifyJaygh/

a&nSdawGuvJ wufaevdkufao;/ 'Dvdk rnf;rnf;arSmifarSmif0ef;usifrSm

tvif;a&mifuav; wpfydkif;wpfp jrifvdkuf&wm b,favmufvSyoGm;NyD;

b,favmuf tm;&p&maumif;vdkufavrvJ/ 'Dtvif;a&mif[m wdrfrnf;awG

Mum;xJ jyLxGufpjyKvmwJU aerif;&JU wrefawmf jzpfayvdrfhr,f/ aeomOD;

awmhr,fayhg/ twdwfaumif;erdwfaumif;ayhg/ 'gaMumifh ]tzdk;wefoGm;w,fvdkU

30

qdkvdkufwm jzpfygvdrhfr,f/ rdk;xJavxJ arSmifrnf;rnf;xJanmif;nmae&SmwJU

tvkyf orm;BuD;tzdkU arQmfvsifhcsufvif;a&mifjcnfuav;ayy/

uJ- tckuAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk jrefrmvdkcsnf; a&;csMunfhMuOD;pdkU/

w,f&Dvrf;&JU acgif;rkd;rsm;ay:rSm

atmufydkif;aumif;uifrSm w&kwftu©&mrsm;?

w,fvDApf&Sif; at&D,,fwkdU rD;cdk;xJ tom a0SU,rf;ae/

todkufvkyf pmuav;rsm; a&nSdudk xdk;qdwfMu?

NrdKUjy&JU tyifeJU taumifrsm;? aysmhaysmif;? MowåyÜrJU/

oifykef;ausmufay:u rdk;a&ajcmufaoGU? wpfcgwav 0if;y/

aqmufvkyfa&;orm; wpfOD;wpfa,muf&JU rdk;,dktrdk; jyifae/

ausmjyifem;zkdU rwfrwf 'l;axmufxdkifvdkuf/

olUoHvuf tvif;udk zrf;rdum tzdk;wefoGm;w,f/

'wf*vmhpf 'ef;

uAsmqdkwm zwfolu trsKd;rsKd;awG;NyD; trsKd;rsKd;cHpm;Munfh&wJU ypönf;rsKd;

jzpfw,f/ trsKd;rsKd;pOf;pm;p&mrvdkbJ ajymcsifwmudk wJUwdk;ajymwmudk pum;ajyvdkU

ac:w,f/ t"dyÜm,ftrsKd;rsKd;pOf;pm;Edkifwmudk uAsm&JU trdÁ*w*kPfvdkUac:w,f/

ckuAsmudk Munfhav/ NrdKUjy&yfuGuf tvkyform;wpfpkzGJUvdkU ajymEdkifw,f/

'DtaeeJUMunfhvQif b,favmufaumif;wJU tzGJUtEJGJUuav;awGygvJ/ w,fvD

Apf&Sif; at&D,,fav;awGudk aumif;uifatmufydkif;em;u w&kwftu©&mrsm;vdkU

zGJUxm;w,f/ pmuav;eJUa&nSdudk NrdKUjy&JUtyifeJU taumifrsm;wJU/ ESpfckpvkH;[m

el;nHUoavmuf xif&mpdkif;NyD; tEå&m,fay;Muolcsnf;ygyJ/ qif;&Jom; &yfuGuf

qdkawmh rdk;,dkwJUtdrfu ,dk/

31

acgif;rdk;jyifwJU tvkyform;BuD;udk zGJUwmvdkU ajymr,fqdkvJ &wmygyJ/

oltvkyf vkyfaewJU tkHUtkHUrIdif;rIdif; rdk;aumif;uifatmufu 0ef;usif/ rdk;&Gmwpfcsuf

wdwfwpfcsuf eJU rdk;av0otajctae/ olanmif;nmyifyef;ykH/ olUb0rSm

MunfEll;p&m/ arQmfvifhp&m/

'DuAsm[m em*&pdwå (cityscape) vdkU ac:MuwJU NrdKUjyyef;csDwpfydkif;vdkUvJ

qdkEdkifw,f/ arSmifarSmifrnf;rnf; 0ef;usif/ jymrJGrJGoifykef;ausmuf trdk;rsm;?

wdkufwmawG ay: xif&mpdkif; aygufa&mufaewJU a&nSdyifrsm;? xif&mpdkif;odkufvkyf

zsufqD;aewJU pmuav;rsm; tJovdk rnf;npfwJU ta&mifvGifjyifrSm

oifykef;ausmuf trdk;ay: rdk;a&pdk&TJae&mu ajcmufaoGUvmNyD; BudK;Mum;0if;vuf

oGm;ykH/ yef;&eftvkyform;BuD;&JU oHvufay:u vufceJ jzpfoGm;wJU tzdk;wef

vSwJU tvif;puav;/

'Dvdk tay:,HaMum t"dyÜm,fawGtjyif twGif;om;t"dyÜm,fav;vJ

ygaeav&JUvdkU aumufcsufcsr,fqdkvQifvJ &ygao;w,f/ b0qdkwm yef;&H

tvkyform;BuD; tvkyfvkyfae&wJU 0ef;usifeJU rdk;av0ovdk rnf;arSmif

aewwfwmcsnfh/ pdwfnpfpdwftdkufp&m awGcsnfh/ 'gayr,fh 'Drnf;rnf;

arSmifarSmifawGcsnf; jynfhaewmr[kwfygbl;/ wpfcgwav yef;&Htvkyform;BuD;&JU

oHvufay:u &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; tvif;vdk MunfEl; p&muav;? arQmfvifhp&m

uav;rsm;vJ &Sdwwfygw,f/ tcuftcJawG? 'ku©awG? pdwfysuf p&mawGeJU

wpfb0vkH; &kef;uefeyef;vkH;&if; csrf;omokcqdkwmav;rsm;vJ BuKH&wwfyg

aMumif; 'DuAsmu nTef;jyvdk&dyf &Sdw,fvdkU ,lr,fqdkvQifvJ &Edkifayvdrfh/

32

WHY BROWNLEE LEFT

Why Brownlee left, and where he went,

Is a mystery even now.

For if a man should have been content

It was him; two acres of barley,

One of potatoes, four bullocks,

A milker, a slated farmhouse.

He was last seen going out to plough

On a March morning bright and early.

By noon Brownlee was famous;

They had found all abandoned, with

The last rig unbroken, his pair of black

Horses, like man and wife,

Shifting their weight from foot to

Foot, and gazing into the future.

Paul Muldoon

bmaMumifh ba&mifvDxGufoGm;

uaeUacwf NAdwdoQ uAsmq&mwpfOD;&JU uAsmwpfyk'fygyJ/ ESpfyg'

zGJUxm;w,f/ a&S;&dk;rMwmpepfudk rokH;? pum;ajym&pforfudk okH;xm;w,f/

um&efrJUw,fvdkU qdk&rSmjzpfayr,fh tydk'fwpfydk'frSm yxryg'&JU went eJU

wwd,u content ? 'kwd,u now eJU owåru plough pwkw¦u barley

eJU tXru early wdkU rawmfwq oabmrsKd;oGm;NyD; um&efNidaeMuw,f/

'kwd,tydk'frSmawmh bmum&efrS rnDMubl;/

uAsmpmom;udk zwfMunfhMu&atmif ....

33

Why Brownlee left bmaMumifh ba&mifvD xGufoGm;w,f?

and where he went olb,fudkoGm;w,fqdkwm

Is a mystery even now tckxufxd od&cufwJUudpöjzpfaew,fwJU/

For bmvdkUvJ qdkawmh

if man should have been content vlwpfa,muf[m (b0rSm)

auseyfaew,f (pdwfcsrf;omaew,f)qdkvQif

It was him tJ'Dvl[m olygyJwJU/

two acres of barley bmvDpyg; (pdkufxm;wm)ESpfu

One of potatoes tmvl; wpf(u)?

four bullocks EGm;av;aumif

A milker EdkUpm;EGm;rwpfaumif

a slated farmhouse oifykef;ausmuftrdk;rdk;xm;wJU v,f,mtdrf ....

v,form;wpfa,muf taeeJU? 'gawG'gawG ydkifqdkifae&NyDqdkawmh

olUb0ol auseyfESpfodrfhaecJUw,faygh/

He was last seen going out to plough olUudkaemufqkH;jrifvdkufMu&

wmuawmh v,fxGefxGufoGm;pOfygyJwJU/ v,fxGeftoGm; aemufqkH;jrifvkdufMu

&w,f wJU/

On a March morning rwfv wpfreufcif;

bright and early 0if;y(aeom)vdkU apmapmpD;pD;wJU/

By noon brownlee was famous rGef;wnfhcsdefrSmawmh

ba&mifvDemrnf BuD;oGm;NyD/ vlawG olUtaMumif;yJ wpfajymwnf; ajymaeMuNyD/

They had found all abandoned tm;vkH;udk

pGefUypfxm;cJUwmudkawGUMu&w,f/

with the last rig unbroken aemufqkH;tqdkif;rjzKwf&ao;?

his pair of black Horses, like man and wife vifr,m;ES,folUjrif;

ESpfaumif[m-

34

shifting their weight from foot to foot tav;csdefudk ajcaxmuf

wpfacsmif;uae wpfacsmif;ajymif;aeMuw,f/ 'Dbufuav; [dkbufajymif;

vkyfaeMu w,f/

and gazing into the future tem*wfqDudk

ai;MunfhaeMuw,f...wJU/

tckuAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk jrefrmvdka&;Munfh&atmif-

bmaMumifh ba&mifvDxGufoGm;

bmaMumifh ba&mifvDxGufoGm;? b,fudkoGm;

ckxd od&cuf tjzpfwpfckom/

vlwpfa,muf auseyfaew,fqdkvQif

'g olygyJ/ bmvDpyg; ESpfu?

tmvl; wpfu? EGm;xD;av;aumif?

EdkUpm;EGm;r wpfaumif? oifykef;ausmufrdk; v,ftdrf/

olUudk v,fxGeftoGm; aemufqkH; jrifvdkufMu&?

rwfv reufcif;? aeomom? apmapmpD;pD;/

rGef;wnfhrSm ba&mifvD emrnfBuD;aeNyD/

tm;vkH;udk ypfxm;cJUwm awGUMu&? olU

aemufqkH;tqdkif; rjzKwf&ao;? olUjrif;

rnf;ESpfaumif? vifr,m;ES,fom?

tav;udk ajcwpfbufu wpfbufudk

a&GUae tem*wfqD ai;pdkufae/

35

ba&mifvD qdkwJU v,form;wpfa,muf v,fawmtdrfu

aysmufoGm;w,f/ bmaMumifh xGufcGmoGm;&ovJ? b,fudk oGm;ovJqdkwm bmrS

pkHprf;vdkUr&?? cefUrSef;vdkUr& bJ tqef;jzpfaew,f/ oluyJxGufoGm;wmvm;?

jyefay;qGJoGm;wmvm;vJ rod&bl;/ wu,fuawmh ba&mifvD[m pdwfnpfNyD;

tdrfu xGufajy;&r,fh vlpm;rsKd;vJ r[kwfbl;/ olUrSm ajreJU? EGm;eJU jynfhpkHukHvkHol

wpfOD;jzpfw,f/

olUb0ol auseyfa&mifh&JEdkifolwpfOD; jzpfw,f/ bmvDpyg;pdkufwJU ajru

ESpfu? tm;vl;csxm;wmu wpfu? EGm;xD; av;aumif? Edk;pm;EGm;r

wpfaumif? olrsm;vdk oufu,frdk; r[kwf? oifykef;ausmufcsyfrdk;xm;wJU

v,f,mtdrfuav;wpfvkH; ydkifqdkifol jzpfw,f/ bmvdkao;vJ ar;&r,fh

v,form;rsKd;/

olUudk aemufqkH;jrifvdkufMu&wmuawmh v,fxGeftoGm;rSm ygyJ/ rwfv

reuf apmapmaexGufNyD;p aea&mifawGjzmae? vif;aewJUtcsdefuav;rSmaygh/

ba&mifvD r&Sdawmhwmudk tdrfeD;csif;rsm;? b0wl v,form;rsm;

pwif&dyfrdvmMuNyD; ar;Mujref;MueJU rGef;wnfhcsdefrSmawmh vlawG[m olUtaMumif;

yJwpfajymwnf; ajymae MuygNyD/ tdrfrSmr&Sdawmh v,fxJoGm;MunfhMuw,f/

tm;vkH;udk 'Dwdkif;ypfxm;cJUwm awGUMu&w,f/ v,fxGef&if;wef;vef;? xGefrSm

wyfxm;wJU jrif;awGawmifxGefu rjzKwf& ao;/ olwkdUqDuv,fxGefw,fqdkwm

jrif;eJUxGefwmudk;/ vifr,m;ESpfa,mufozG,f wlvSwJU jrif;rnf;BuD;ESpfaumif[m

xGefrSmwyfvsuf 'Dtwdkif;yJ&Sdaew,f/ xGefud&d,m awGudk xrf;ydk;xm;&wmu

av;vGef;vdkU oufomvdk oufomjim; ajcwpfbufu wpfbufajymif;zdkU

BudK;pm;&if; vIyf&GaeMuw,f/ rsufvkH;awGu ai;pdkufMunfhaeykHuvJ tem*wfudk

vSrf;arQmfMunfhaeMuovdk xif&w,fwJU/

tMurf;zsif; zwfMunfhvdkufvQifawmh ba&mifvDqdkwJU v,form;

wpfa,muf &kwfw&ufaysmufqkH;oGm;ykHudk a&;zGJUxm;wmygyJvdkU xif&r,f/

'gayr,fh aemufqkH;rSm jrif;ESpfaumif tem*wfudk ai;pdkufMunfhaew,fqdkwmudk

pOf;pm;MunfhvdkufawmhrS 'g[m ba&mifvDwpfOD;wnf;udpöudk ajymaewmr[kwfbJ

36

,aeUacwfrSm v,form;awGu v,f,mvkyfief;udk pGefUypfNyD; NrdKUay:ajy;ae

Muw,fqdkwJU urÇmeJUt0ef; jzpfysufBuKHawGU ae&wJU udpöBuD;udk ajymaewm

ygvm;vdkU oabmaygufvm&awmhw,f/ &kwfw&ufawmh olwkdUocifu

'Dtwdkif;xm;ypfcJUvdkU jrif;ESpfaumifcrsm olwkdUa&SUa&; b,fvdk&SdygvdrfhvdkU pOf;pm;

pdk;&drfaeMuykHudk awGU&r,f/ aoaocsmcsmpOf;pm;MunfhawmhrS 'Djrif;ESpfaumif[m

tjcm;tjcm; v,f,mwd&pämeftm;vkH;eJUwuG v,f,mvkyfief;BuD;wpfckvkH;udk

udk,fpm; jyKaew,fvdkU odjrifvm&awmhw,f/ v,form;awGawmh NrdKUwuf

ukefMuNyD/ v,f,mawG b,foluvkyfMurSmwkef;vdkU uAsmq&mu pdk;&drfylyef

jyaewm jzpfw,f/ olU&JUa,bk,s pkd;&drfpdwfudk ba&mifvDqdkwJU v,form;

wpfa,muf&JUjzpf&yfozG,f wifpm;NyD; uAsmjyK xm;wm jzpfw,f/

t*FvefjynfrSm aus;&GmawGudk pGefUypfNyD; v,form;awG? txl;ojzifh

ba&mifvDudk v,form;vli,fawG NrdKUudkyJ wufaeMuwJUtwGuf v,f,m

vkyfief;awG vkyfr,fh udkifr,fhol enf;enf;vmaewJUtaMumif; pmtkyfpmwrf;awG

trsm;BuD;yJ xGufay:NyD;ygNyD/ rSwfrdoavmuf Akenfield, Deserted Villages

pwJU pmtkyfrsm;/ urÇmwpf0ef;vkH;rSm 'Dwdkif; BuKHawGUae&wmygyJ/

awmu NrdKUwufukefMuNyD/ v,f,mawG pGefUypfxm;cJUMuNyDqdkwJU

uaeUacwf&JU aMuuJGzG,fjzpf&yfuav;udk a&;zGJUxm;wJU uAsmwpfyk'fjzpfw,f/

37

COUNTING THE MAD

This one was put in a jacket,

This on was sent home,

This one was given bread and meat

But would eat none,

And this one cried No No No No

All day long

This on looked at the window

As though it were a wall,

This one saw things that were not there,

This one things that were,

And this one cried No No No No

All day long.

This one thought himself a bird,

This one a dog

And this one thought himself a man,

An ordinary man,

And cried cried No No No No

All day long.

Donald Justice

t&l;rsm;udk a&wGufMunfhjcif;

tar&duef uAsmq&m&JUvuf&m jzpfygw,f/ uAsmudk wpfydk'frSmajcmufyg'

xm;wmuvGJvdkU bmnDnGwfrIrS r&Sdbl;/ rMwmrokH;? um&efr,lbl;/ pum;ajym

&pforfyJ okH;xm;w,f/

38

acgif;pOf Counting the Mad u t&l;rsm;udk a&wGufMunfhjcif;ygwJU/

This one was put in a jacket 'Dwpfa,mufudk *sufuuf0wfay;xm;&

w,f/

This one was sent home 'Dwpfa,mufudk tdrfjyefvTwfvdkufw,f/

This one was given bread and meat 'Dwpfa,mufudk

aygifrkefUeJUtom; ay;w,f/

But would eat none 'gayr,fh bmrS rpm;acsbl;wJU/

And this one cried No No No No All day long 'Dwpfa,mufuawmh

wpfaeukef Edk;Edk;(r[kwfbl;)vdkUyJ atmfaeacsawmhw,f....wJU/

No qdkwJU t*Fvdyfpum;vkH;twGuf twdtusjyefqdkp&m jrefrm

pum;vkH;r&Sdbl;/ 'gaMumifh ]Edk; Edk; Edk; Edk;vdkUyJ toHvS,fa&;vdkuf&w,f/ No

qdkwm jrefrmvdkrSmu ]r[kwfbl;qdkvJ&? ]r&Sdbl;qdkvJ&? ]rodbl;qdkvJ &wmudk;/

jrefrmrSmawmh Yes om&SdNyD; (tif;?at;? No r&Sdbl;qdkwmudk bmompum;

avhvmolwdkif;odMuygw,f/ [kwfuJU uav;qefqefokH;r,fqdkvQifawmh

][ifhtif;vdkUajymEdkifwmyav/

aemufwpfykd'f....

This one looked at the window as though it were a wall

'Dwpfa,mufuawmh jywif;aygufudk eH&HwpfckES,f Munfhaew,f/

This one saw things that were not there 'Dwpfa,mufuawmh

tJ'DrSmr&SdwJUt&mawGudk jrifaew,f/

This one things that were 'Dwpfa,mufuawmh

&SdwmawGudkjrifaew,f/ t*FvdyfrSm Bud,mudk 'kwd,tBudrfrSm

xyfrxnfhawmhbl;/ jrefrmrSm xnfhay; &w,f/

39

And this one cried No No No No All day long 'Dwpfa,mufuawmh

wpfae ukef Edk;Edk;Edk;Edk;vkdUyJ atmfaeacsawmhw,f....wJU/ txuftydk'fu yg'udk

xyfaMumhxm; w,f/ t"dyÜm,f&Sdw,fvdkU em;vnf&r,f/

aemufwpfydk'fu...

This one thought himself a bird 'Dwpfa,mufu

olUudk,foliSufvdkUxifae w,f/

This one a dog 'Dwpfa,mufu acG;vdkUxifaew,f/ 'DrSmvJt*FvdyfvdkrSm

Bud,m udkxyfrqdkawmh? jrefrmrSmawmh ]xifaew,fqdkwm xnhfay;&w,f/

And this one thought himself a man 'Dwpfa,mufu

olUudk,folvlvdkU xifaew,f/ (Bud,mudk rjrKyfawmhbJ tjynfhtpkHqdkxm;wmu

av;eufapcsifvdkU jzpfw,f/)

An ordinary man omrefvlvdkUyJ olUudk,fol xifaewmyg/

olrsm;t&l;awG vdk olUudk,foleydkvD,efrxifygbl;/

And cried and cried No No No No All day long NyD;awmhwpfaeukef

Edk;Edk;Edk;Edk; vdkUyJ atmfNyD;&if; atmfaeawmhw,f....wJU/ 0gusqufxm;ykHt&

Edk;Edk;atmfaeol[m omrefvlvdkU xifaeoljzpfaMumif; owdjyKygav/

tck wpfyk'fvkH;udk jrefrmvdk a&;csMunfhMu&atmif .....

t&l;rsm;udk a&wGufMunfhjcif;

'Dwpfa,mufudk *sufuuf 0wfay;xm;&?

'Dwpfa,mufudk tdrf jyefvTwfvdkuf&w,f/

'Dwpfa,mufudk aygifrkefUeJU tom;ay;ayr,fh

bmudkrS rpm;acsbl;?

'Dwpfa,mufuawmh Edk;Edk;Edk;Ekd;atmfae

wpfaeukefygyJ

40

'Dwpfa,muf jywif;aygufudk Munfhaew,f?

eH&HjzpfaewJU twdkif;yJ/

'Dwpfa,muftJ'DrSm r&SdwmawG jrifaew,f?

'Dwpfa,muf &SdwmawGudk/

'Dwpfa,mufuawmh Edk;Edk;Edk;Edk;atmfae

wpfaeukefygyJ/

'Dwpfa,muf olUudk,fol iSuf xifw,f?

'Dwpfa,mufuawmh acG;/

'Dwpfa,muf olUudk,fol vlvdkU xifaew,f?

omref vlygyJwJU/

NyD; Edk;Edk;Edk;Edk;atmfNyD;&if; atmfae

'Dwpfa,muf jywif;aygufudk Munfhaew,f?

eH&HjzpfaewJU twdkif;yJ/

'Dwpfa,muftJ'DrSm r&SdwmawG jrifaew,f?

'Dwpfa,muf &SdwmawGudk/

'Dwpfa,mufuawmh Edk;Edk;Edk;Edk;atmfae

wpfaeukefygyJ/

'Dwpfa,muf olUudk,fol iSuf xifw,f?

'Dwpfa,mufuawmh acG;/

'Dwpfa,muf olUudk,fol vlvdkU xifaew,f?

omref vlygyJwJU/

NyD; Edk;Edk;Edk;Edk;atmfNyD;&if; atmfae

wpfaeukefygyJ/

41

tus,fcsJUpum;ajyjyefaep&mrvdkbJ ckvdk wdkuf&dkufbmomjyefjywmudk

zwfMunfh&ifyJ uAsm&JU oabmoGm;udk &dyfrdod&SdavmufygNyD/ t&l;axmifxJu

t&l;awG&JU "mwfykH awGudkvm;? emrnfpm&if;udkvm; rodaxmufjyNyD; olwkdU

taMumif;? olwkdU&l;MuykHtaMumif; &Sif;jyaewmyg/ tuFsDr0wfwJU t&l;eJU?

tpmrpm;wJUt&l;eJU? tdrfjyefydkUvdkuf&wJUt&l;eJU? wpfaeukef Edk;Edk;Edk;Edk;

vdkUyJatmfaewJU t&l;eJU pkHaewmyJ/ jywif;aygufudk eH&Hvdkoabmxm;NyD;

MunfhaewJU t&l;vJ&Sdw,f/ tJ'Djywif;aygufrSm r&SdwmawGudk jrifwJUt&l;vJ

ygw,f/ &SdwmawGudkjrifwJUt&l;vJ awGU&w,f/ olUudk,fol iSufxifwJUt&l;?

acG;xifwJU t&l;vJ&Sdw,f/ vlrS omrefvlwpfOD;ygvdkUxifwJU t&l;vJ &SdaMumif;

ygwJU/ oluyJ Edk;Edk;Edk;Edk; vdkUwpfaeukefatmfaewmygyJwJU/

'DaemufqkH;em;av;u pum;awG[m uRefawmfwkdUudk pOf;pm;p&m

jzpfapygawmhw,f/ [m-'g omreft&l;zGJUuAsm r[kwfygvm;vdkU &dyfrdvm&

awmhw,f/ tusøruyfwJU t&l;? tpmrpm;wJUt&l;? rjrif&wmudk jrif&w,f

xifwJUt&l;? udk,fhudk,fudk,f iSufxifwJU t&l;? acG;xifwJU t&l;qdkwm

omreft&l;awG&JU vu©PmyJvdkU qdkEdkifygw,f? 'gayr,fh udk,fhudk,fudk,f

vlomrefxifwJU t&l;uawmh t&l;r[kwfacsbl;/ vlaumif;yJvdkU pOf;pm; rdvm&

w,f/ 'DawmhrS ol(uAsmq&m)ajymcsifwmu uRefawmfwkdU tm;vkH;[m t&l;awG

csnf;yJvdkU ajymcsifwmygvm;vkdU odvm&awmhw,f/ 'DtqdktrdefU[m Ak'¨bmom

jrefrmawGtzkdUawmh rqef;aybl;/ ]ykxkZÆaem Or®wåaum vdkUbk&m;a[m

&Sdayoudk;/

'Dtjrif&NyD;wJUaemuf uAsmudkaemufwpfacguf jyefzwfMunfhvQif

tcsufwkdif;[m t&l;&JUvu©Pmr[kwfbJ uRefawmfwkdU tm;vkH;&JU o&kyfazmfuGuf

awGygvm; qdkwmudk oabmaygufvdrfhOD;r,f/ uRefawmfwkdU vlaumif;qdkolawGyJ

tuFsDcRwfaew,f/ tpmrpm;csifbJ &Sdwwf? ai;csif&mai;? awG;csif&m

awG;aewwf? r&SdwmawGudk pdwful;Munfhwwf? iSufES,fh? acG;ES,f xifjrifwwf

wmcsnfh/ ]igawmh acG;jzpfNyD? EGm;jzpfNyDajymrdwm csnf;/

42

wpfaeukef Edk;Edk;Edk;Ekd;vdkU atmfae&wmuawmhaum/ 'gta&;BuD;qkH;tydkif;

jzpfvm ygNyD/ uRefawmfwkdU vlUb0rSm taygif;bufvdkUqdkwJU&wJU 0rf;omwm?

atmifjrifwm? tvdkjynfhwmeJU tEkwfbufodkUqdk&wJU 0rf;enf;wm?

ratmifjrifwm? tvdkrjynfhwm? b,f[mursm; ydkygovJ/ ],H ydpäH e vbwdvdkU

bk&m;a[m&SdwJUtwdkif; r&wm? rjynfhwm ]eawGuyJ rsm;aewm r[kwfvm;/

tJ'D yg|d]eudk t*Fvdyfvdk No vdkUqdkwmygyJ? vlUb0qdkwm ]evbwdponfh

]eawGcsnfhjynfhaewJUb0/

43

THE SEED SHOP

Here in a quiet and dusty room they lie,

Faded as crumbled stone or shifting sand,

Forlorn as ashes, shrivelled, scentless, dry.

Meadows and gardens running through my hand.

In this brown husk a dale of hawthorn dreams;

A cedar in this narrow cell is thrust

That will drink deeply of a century's streams;

These lilies shall make summer on my dust.

Here in their safe and simple house of death,

Sealed in their shells, a million roses leap;

Here I can blow a garden with my breath,

And in my hand a forest lies asleep.

Muriel Stuart

rsKd;aphqdkif

uAsmzGJUenf;u av;yg'wpfydkif;/ wpfyg'rSm £trÁ*dkPf; ig;*dkPf;/ um&ef

a b a b pepf/

acgif;pOfu The Seed Shop ]rsKd;aphqdkif ygwJU/ uAsmq&m(r)[m

rsKd;aphqdkifxJ0ifvmNyD; cif;usif;jyoxm;wJU rsKd;aphav;awGudk vufeJUudkifMunfh&if;

tawG;0ifvmrdykH a&;zGJUxm;wmyg/

Here in a quiet and dusty room 'Du NidrfqdwfzkefxlwJU tcef;xJrSm

(qdkifxJrSm)

they lie olwkdU(rsKd;aphav;awG)vJavsmif;aeMuw,f/

44

Faded as crumbled stone or shifting sand rGaMuaewJU

ausmufwkH;vdk? a&GUaewJU oJvdk ta&mifrSdefvsuf .....

Forlorn as ashes jymvdk txD;usefvsuf? ylaqG;vsuf ....

shrivelled &IHUwGvsuf .....

scentless &eHUrJUvsuf .....

dry aoGUajcmufvsuf ....

'kwd,eJU wwd,yg'u pum;vkH;rsm;[m rsKd;aphawGudk o&kyfazmfwJU

emr0daooe rsm;jzpfMuw,f/

Meadows and gardens running through my hand jrufcif;awG

O,smOfawG ighvufxJ ajy;qif;vmaeMuyguvm;/ (uAsmq&mu rsKd;aphawGudk

vufeJUudkifMunfhNyD; vufxJu pD;qif;usapw,f/)

aemufwpfydk'f-

In this brown husk 'DtndKa&mif tcGHxJrSm-

a dale of hawthorn dreams a[moGefyifwpfpif; tdyfrufrufaew,f/

(dale qdkwm valley eJUtwlwl awmifMum;? csKdifh0Srf;jzpfw,f/ vG,fatmif

wpfpif;vdkU jyefvdkuf wm/)

A cedar in this narrow cell is thrust qD'gyif wpfyifudk usOf;ajrmif;

wJU tcef;av;xJ ypfxm;w,f/

That will drink deeply of a century's streams &mpkESpfwpfck&JU

acsmif;rsm; udk eufeuf&Idif;&Idif;aomufypfr,fh (acsmif;a& jrpfa&awGudk

tESpfwpf&m aomufypfvdrfh r,fvdkU qdkvdkw,f/ qD'gyifqdkwmu anmifyifvdk

touf&Sifwmudk;)/ 'Dyk'fpku qD'gyif udknTef;w,f/ ]aomufypfr,fh qD'gyifvdkU

qdkvdkw,f/

These lilies shall make summer on my dust 'DESif;yef;av;awGu

ighajrrIefay:rSm aEG&wkjzpfapr,f/ olwkdUqDrSmu aEGrSmrS yef;yGifhw,f/

]aEG&wkjzpfapr,fqdkwm ]a0a0qmqm yGifhMur,f vdkU ajymwmygyJ/

45

]ighajrrIefay:rSm qdkwm ]ighNcHajrrSmqdkwmxuf ]igaooGm;wJUtcg ighocFsdKif;rSmvdkU

ydkqdkvdkw,f/

aemufqkH;tydk'f-

Here in their safe and simple house of death 'DuvkHNcKHwJU&dk;pif;wJU

aojcif; w&m;tdrfrSm/ (qdkifxJrSm rsKd;aphuav;awGtyifrayguf&bJ &Sdae&wmrdkU

aoae&wmyJ vdkUqdkvdkw,f/)

Sealed in their shells tcGHawGxJ avSmifydwfum

a million roses leap ESif;qDwpfoef;ckefaeMuw,f/

(tyifaygufcsifvGef;vdkU ckefxGufzkdU BudK;pm;aeMuw,f/)

Here I can blow a garden with my breath 'DrSm igO,smOfwpfckudk

yifhoufeJUrIwfxkwfEdkif&JU (xm0&bk&m;ocifu ajrudkrIwfNyD; vlzefqif;cJUwmeJU

EIdif;,SOfNyD; Thank you, ajymaewmyg/)

And in my hand a forest lies asleep ckawmh ighvufxJrSm

awmwpfawm tdyfaysmfaeygvm; (uAsmq&m[m opfaphawGudk

udkifMunfhaewmjzpfaMumif; owd&yg av/)

tck okH;ydk'fpvkH;udk a&;csMunfhMupdkU-

rsKd;aphqdkif

'DrSm Nidrfqdwf-zkefxl tcef;xJ avsmif;aeMu?

aMurGausmufvdk? a&Gvsm; oJvdk rSdef0g;?

jymvdk aqG;? &IHUwG? &eHUrJU? ajcmufaoGUoy-

jrufcif;eJU O,smOf ighvufxJ ajy;qif;oGm;/

'DtcGHndKxJ a[moGef wpfpif; tdyfrufae?

wpf&mpk prf;awG eufeuf aomufr,fh

46

qD'gyif 'D tcef;usOf;av;xJ ypfxm;ay?

'DESif;yef;wkdU igh ajrrIefxuf aEG jyKruG,fh/

'D vkHNcKH &dk;pif; aojcif; tdrfxJrSm

tcGHxJ avSmifydwf ESif;qD wpfoef; ckefqG/

ig touf&SLxkwf O,smOf zefqif;Edkifwm?

igh vufxJ awmwpfawm tdyfaysmfaeoy/

rsL&D,vf pusL;0wf

uAsmq&mr[m rsKd;aphqdkifxJ0ifvmNyD; rsKd;aphav;awGudk udkifMunfhum

tif;-'Digh vufxJu rsKd;aphav;awG[m 'DrSm zkefxlxltcef;xJ NidrfqdwfvJavsmif;

ae&SmMuw,f/ ta&miftqif;rSdefrSdef? &IHU&IHUwGwG ajcmufaoGUvdkUyJ/ wu,fawmh

olwkdUwpfawG[m jrufcif;wpfcif; O,smOfwpfck jzpf&r,fh[mav;awGygvm;/

a[m'DtcGHu a[moGefyef;yif &JU taph? a[m'gu qD'gyiftaph? a[m'gu

ESif;yef; taph? a[m'gu ESif;qDtaphawG/ a[moGefyifav;awG ckawmh tdrfruf

rufae&SmMuxifh? qD'gaphuom tyifaygufvdkuf &vQif ESpfwpf&m pdrfhprf;a&awG

aomufypfrSm/ 'DESif;yef;av;awGudk ighocsKøif;*lrSm pdkufvdkuf& a0qmaerSmyJ/

ESif;qDaphav;awG[m yGifhcsifvGef;vkdU rsKd;aphxJu ckefxGufMu awmhra,mif/

xm0&bk&m;ocif[m urÇmOD;u ajrrIefwpfqkyfudk vuf0g;ay:wif rIwf

xkwfvdkufawmh tm'HqdkwJUvlom;jzpfcJUovdk igvJ 'DrsKd;aphav;awGudk ightouf

rIwfxkwf (jyKpkysKd;axmif)vdkuf&vQif O,smOfwpfck ay:aygufvmrSmyJ/ aMomf-

wu,fawmh ighvufxJrSm awmwpfawm tdyfaysmfaewmyguvm;vdkU pOf;pm;

awG;awmaerdygowJU/

uAsmq&mrsm;[m wifpm;ajymqdkwwfMuw,fvdkUqdkvQif ckuAsmrSm

a':pusL;0wf [m bmudkrsm; rsKd;aphqdkiftjzpf wifpm;ajymqdkaewm jzpfvdrfhrvJ/

47

qdkifu bmvJ? rsKd;aph av;awGu bmvJ/ pdwful;OmPf uGefUjrL;um

pOf;pm;tajz&Sm Munfhygbd/

b,fvdkrS pOf;pm;r&vQif tajzudk atmufwGif Munfhygav/

tajz

bmomjyefwifqufoluawmh ]rsKd;aphqdkifqdkwm rlvwef;ausmif;uav;

wpfausmif;? 0g? aumvdyfausmif;wpfausmif; jzpfEdkifw,f/ rsKd;aphav;awGuawmh

ausmif;om;? ausmif;oluav;awG jzpfEdkifygw,f ....wJU/

48

RICHARD CORY

Whenever Richard Cory went downtown,

We people on the pavement looked at him;

He was a gentleman from sole to crown,

Clean favoured, and imperially slim.

And he was always quietly arrayed,

And he was always human when he talked;

But still he fluttered pulses when he said,

Good morning, and he glittered when he walked.

And he was rich­yes, richer than a king­

And admirably schooled in every grace;

In fine, we thought he was everything

To make us wish that we were in his place.

So on we worked, and waited for the light,

And went without the meat, and cursed the bread;

And Richard Cory, one calm summer night,

Went home and put a bullet through his head.

Edward Arlington Robinson

aysmfpH&dyfNidrf pnf;pdrfruGm

ydkufqHcsrf;om&if vlUb0jynfhpkHwmyJvdkU trsm;tm;jzifh ,lqwwfMuw,f/

r[kwfao;bl;/ &kyfydkif;csrf;omayr,fh pdwfydkif;csrf;omcsifrS csrf;omwmygvdkU

b,fvdkyJ w&m;jyjy em;r0ifMuygbl;/ bmomw&m;tm;vkH;[m 'Dtcsufudk

axmufjyavh&Sdygw,f/ pmay tEkynmuvnf;'Dtcsufudk o&kyfxifapNrJjzpfw,f/

ao;zGJwJU tEkynmpmayuom wdkufBuD;eJUae? um;BuD;pD;&wJU crf;crf;em;em;

49

b0udk pmzwfol? &IMunfhol qif;&Jom; oGm;&nfwrsm;rsm;usatmif a&;zGJU

o&kyfazmfwwfwm/

tar&duefuAsmq&m tuf'0'f tmvifwef a&mfbifqef&JU uAsmwpfyk'f

[m olaX;wkdUrSmvnf; pdwfrcsrf;omp&m &SdwwfwmyJqdkwJU tcsufudkwdkwdkeJU

xdxdrdrd o&kyfazmfEdkifwJUtwGuf xif&Sm;w,f/ ausmif;okH;tefoavm*usrf;awGrSm

rMumrMumxnfh oGif;azmfjycH&w,f/ t*Fvefu pmtkyf? tmz&duu pmtkyf/

ausmif;om;vli,fav;awGudk 'Ded,mrw&m;BuD;taMumif; i,fi,fuwnf;u

odjrifoabmaygufapcsifMuwJU &nf&G,fcsufeJU a&G;cs,fMuwmjzpfrSmygyJ/ tck

olUuAsmudk zwfMunfhMu&atmif/

acgif;pOfu Richard Cory wJU/ vlemrnfjzpfygw,f/

Whenever Richard Cory went downtown &pfcs'faumf&DNrdKUxJudk

oGm;wJU tcgwdkif;

We people on the pavement yvufazmif;ay:u uRefawmfwkdUjynfol

awG[m (jrefrmvdkrSm ]yvufazmif;vdkUac:wJU t&mudk t*Fvdyfvdk pavement

ac: wmudk owdjyKygav/ tar&duefu sidewald vdkUvnf; ac:ao;w,f/)

looked at him olUudk MunfhrdMuw,f/

He was a gentleman from sole to crown ol[m

ajczsm;uacgif;txd (ajcqkH;acgif;qkH; wpfudk,fvkH;)vlBuD;vlaumif;? rGefrGef&nf&nf

vlwpfa,muf jzpfw,f/

Clean favoured b0tusKd;ay;aumif;ol? uHaumif;ol? ukHvkH<u,f0ol

jzpfw,f/

and imperially slim rif;pdk;&mZm[efyef oG,fvsw,f/ (rif;nDrif;om;

qdkwm oG,foG,fvsvseJU cefUnm;x,f0gMuolawGyg/ Adkufyl0NyJqdkwmrsKd;[m

qif;&Jom;vlomref wdkU&JU ykHyef;om jzpfw,fqdkwmudk owdjyKygav/)

50

And he was always quietly arrayed ol[m tNrJwrf;

wnfwnfNidrfNidrf 0wfpm;qif,ifavh&Sdw,f/

And he was always human ol[m tNrJwrf; vlqefw,f/

vlyDow,f/

When he talked ol pum;ajymwJUtcg (tNrJwrf; vlqefygw,f/

armufarmfrmrm r[kwfbl;/ r&dkif;ysbl;/)

But 'gayr,fh

still (vlqefqefpum;ajymwm) awmifrSyJ

he fluttered pulses (olwpfzufom;&JU) aoG;ckefEIef;udk

vIyf&Sm;x<uapw,f/ &ifckefapw,f/ (b,fawmhvJ? qufzwf)

when he said, 'Good morning' olu *G'farmeif;vdkU

EIwfqufvdkufwJUtcg (&ifckefapw,f) (rpöwmaumf&Du olaX;rkdUvdkUqdkNyD;

armufrmjcif;r&SdbJ ,Of,Ofaus;aus; csKdcsKdomom EIwfqufygw,f/ 'gayr,fh

EIwfqufcH&ol qif;&Jom;rsm;rSmawmh tJovdk EIwfqufvdkufwmeJUyJ

&ifckefMu&ygowJU/)

and he glittered when he walked olvrf;avQmufoGm;wJUtcg

ta&mifNydK;NydK; jyufjyufeJU? usufoa&&SdvSw,f/

And he was rich olydkufqH csrf;omw,f/

yes, richer than a king [kwfuJU? bk&ifwpfyg;xufudkyJ csrf;omygw,f/

And admirably schooled in every grace ,Ofaus;zG,f&mrIwdkif;udk

csD;usL; pzG,f jrwfEdk;pzG,f wwfajrmufuRrf;usifw,f/

In fine NcKHajym&&ifawmh? ed*kH;csKyfajym&&ifawmh

we thought uRefawmfwdkU (qif;&Jom;awG) xifrdcJUMuw,f/

he was everything to make us wish uRefawmfwkdU vdkvm;awmifhwrd

atmifvkyfwJU t&mtm;vkH;ygyJ/ (bmudk vdkvm;awmifhwrdwmvJ? qufzwf)

51

that we were in his place igwkdUom olUae&mrSm a&mufae&&if?

igwdkUom olvdkqdk&if (aumif;rSmyJvdkU uRefawmfwdkU vdkvm;awmifhwrdapwJU

t&m[lorQ olUrSm&Sdae w,f? olyJ uRefawmfwdkU tm;usp&mjzpfaew,f/)

so 'DvdkeJU

on we worked uRefawmfwdkU tvkyfqufvkyfMuw,f/ udk,fhtvkyfudk,f

qufvkyfaecJUMuw,f/ vufvkyfvufpm;awGudk;/

and waited for the light tvif;a&mifudk apmifhpm;aecJUMuw,f/ ckvdk

qif;qif;&J&Jae&wJU b0uae vGwfuif;NyD; wpfaeUcsrf;omvmEdk; apmifharQmf

aecJUMu w,f/

and went without the meat tom;rygbJ pm;aomufaexdkifcJUMu&

w,f/ (]rk&if;xrif;? csOfaygif[if;eJU qefwGif;u eufvGef;vdkU- a&onfjyZmwf?

OD;ykn)

and cursed the bread aygifrkefUudk usdefqJrdMuw,f/

(tom;[if;rygavawmh aygifrkefUcsnf;pm;&wm t&om r&SdvdkU qJa&;wm/

aygifrkefUudk,fwdkifuvnf; tnHUpm; jzpfaewmaMumifh usdefqJrdwmjzpfygvdrfhrnf/

OD;ykn&JU ]aumufvsifBuD;qef eDwmvJudk owd&p&m jzpfw,f/)

'Dtxd tydk'ftm;jzifh okH;ydk'fcGJwdwd qif;&Jom;rsm;u &pfcs'faumf&Dudk

tm;usrdykH rsm;udkcsnf; tom;ay; zGJUvmwmudk owdjyKygav/ aemufqkH;tydk'f0uf

(ESpfyg'tvdkrSmrS ....) a&;zGJUvdkufwmu-

And Richard Cory 'DvdkeJU &pfcs'faumf&D[m-

one calm summer night NidrfqdwfwJU aEG&moD nwpfnrSm

Went home and tdrfjyefoGm;um

put a bullet through his head olUOD;acgif;xJ

usnfqefwpfqefxnfhvdkuf ygawmhw,f/ (rdrdOD;acgif;udk aoewfeJU

ypfxnfhvdkufwm? udk,fhudk,fudk,f owfaovdkuf wmudkyJ 'Dvdk

cyfayghayghpum;vkH;eJU a&;zGJUvdkufykH owdjyKygav/)

52

uAsmudk zwfNyD;wmeJU ay:vmwJUar;cGef;uawmh Opöm"e[m

vludkwu,fcsrf;om (okc) ay;&JUvm;qdkwmygyJ/ aemufxyf oifcef;pm,lp&m

tcsufwpfcsufuawmh vlqdkwmtxifeJUtjrif vJGwwfygvm;/ udk,fxifovdk

r[kwfygvm;qdkwmyJ jzpfw,f/ &pfcs'f aumf&DrSm tppjynfhpkHw,f/ vlwdkif;u

(qif;&Jom;wdkif;u) olUvdk jzpfcsifMuw,f/ tm;us Muw,f/ 'gayr,fh

acsmufcsm;pzG,f ed*kH;csKyfvdkufykHu ol[mjzifh xif&ovdk r[kwfyg vm;qdkwmudk

oabmaygufvm&apw,f/

uAsmudk zGJUpnf;xm;ykH ykHpHudkvnf; owdrltyfw,f/ uAsmudk aoao

oyfoyf zGJUpnf;xm;w,f/ pum;vkH;awG[m ayghayghyg;yg;a&GUavsmhoGm;w,f/

'gayr,fh wpfavQmufvkH; ajyajyjypfjypf a&GUvsm;vm&mu aemufqkH;ESpfyg'

vnf;a&mufa&m uAsm zwf&oltzdkU xdwfvefUwMum; jzpfoGm;&awmhwmyJ/

olUywf0ef;usifu vlawGtzkdUvnf; tJ'Dtwdkif;yJ wtHUwMo xdwfvefU

acsmufcsm;oGm;cJU&rSm jzpfw,f/ tJ'DvlawG wtHUwMo jzpf&wJUtwdkif; uAsm

zwfolawG tHUMooGm;atmif uAsmwnfaqmufykHuay;aew,f/

uAsmudk tydk'fav;ydk'feJU zGJUxm;ygw,f/ 'g[m tay:,HaMumuAsm&JU

ykHoP²mef jzpfw,f/ tESpfom&ydkif;t& ajym&&ifawmh uAsmrSm tydkif;ESpfydkif;yJ

ygw,f/ yxrwpfydkif;u &pfcs'f aumf&Dtay:vlawGu xifjrifMuykH? 'kwd,

wpfydkif;u &kwfw&uf olUukd,folowfaooGm;ykH/ rl&if;uAsmudk avhvmMunfh&if

yxrydkif;udk zGJUqdk&mokH;ydk'f[m ykHrSef rMwmpepfeJU um&efudkokH;um &dk;&dk;at;at;

av;yJ vIyf&Sm;oGm;w,f/ olUb0[m vnf; tJovdkyJ ykHrSeftqifajyajy

oGm;aew,fvdkU vlawGu xifjrif,lqMuwmeJU vdkufavsmnDaxG&Sdapw,f/

aemufqkH;yg'rSmrS rMwmtoHpOfvnf;ajymif;? tjzwf tawmufvnf;ajymif;um

tHUMorIudk jzpfapvdkufw,f/ yxrydkif;rSm t*FvdyfuAsm &dk;&dk; av;wpfyk'fvdk

a&GUvsm;aerI[m wu,fhaMumufrufzG,f&m tjcif;t&mBuD;wpfckudk 0Sufxm;

ovdk&Sdw,f/ wu,fhb0rSmvnf; tJ'Dtwdkif;ygyJ/ &pfcs'faumf&D&JU ,Of,Ofaus;

aus; wifhwifhw,fw,f ykHrSefoGm;vm vIyf&Sm;aerIuav;rsm;[m olUb0&JU

aMumufzG,f tjcif;t&mwpfckudk uG,f0Sufxm;ovdk &Sdaeavw,f/ uAsm&JU

53

oP²mef (o'´gvuFm&) [m uAsm&JU twGif;om; (tw¦mvuFm&)eJU

vdkufzufap&w,fqdkwm 'gudk ajymwmjzpf ygw,f/

olUum&efpepfudk wkyum uAsmjyefa&;MunfhMuygr,f/ (olUum&efpepfu

wpfyg' jcm; um&efnDwm jzpfygw,f/ yxreJU wwd,? 'kwd,eJU pwkw¦?

oauFweJU abab vdkU azmfjy&w,f/)

&pfcs'faumf&D

&pfcs'faumf&D NrdKUxJudk oGm;wdkif;uG,f?

yvufazmif;ay:u wkdUawG MunfhrdMu?

ajczsm;u acgif;qkH; vl&nfrGefyJ&,f?

tbufbuf jynfhpkH? rif;pdk;qef oG,fvs/

ol[m tNrJ wnfNidrf 0wfpm;qif,if?

pum;ajym&ifvJ tNrJ vlqefvsuf/

'gawmif olu ]*Gwfarmeif;vdkU qdk&if?

&ifckef&NrJ? ol vrf;avQmufawmh NydK;NydK;jyuf/

ol aX;w,f? tif;- bk&ifxufudk aX;w,f?

jrwfEdk;zG,f ,Ofaus;zG,f&mykH uRrf;&JU/

tcsKyfawmh? ol[m usKyfwdkU olUae&mr,f

a&mufcsifMuwm tm;vkH;yJ wdkU xif&JU/

'geJU usKyfwkdU qufvkyf? tvif;udk apmifhMu/

tom; rygbJ pm;Mu? aygifrkefUudk usdefqJ/

&pfcs'faumf&DvJ? Nidrfqdwf aEGwpfn?

tdrfjyefoGm;? usnfqefypfoGif;cJU acgif;xJ/

tuf'0'f tmvifwef a&mfbifqef

54

ROAD TO LACOVIA

This is a long, forbidding road, a narrow

hard aisle of asphalt under

a high gothic arch of bamboos.

Along it a woman drags a makeshift barrow

in slanting rain, and thunder:

a thin woman who wears no shoes.

This is St. Elizabeth, a hard parish

to work; but when you are born

on land, you want to work that land.

Nightfall comes here swift and harsh and deep, but

garish

flames of lightning show up torn

cheap clothing barely patched, and

a face patterned by living. Every sharp line

of this etching has the mark

of struggle. To the eye, unyielding

bleak earth has brought her close to famine;

yet through this wild descent of dark

this woman dares to walk, and sing.

A.L.Hendriks

tm*rdef;r

ya'o&mZm&JU v,form;zGJU? xef;orm;zGJUawGuae uaeUxd awmol

awmifom; qif;&Jom;awGudk uRefawmfwdkU uAsmq&mawG o&kyfazmfcJUMuvSygNyD/

55

EdkifiHwumrSmvJ 'Dvdk zGJUMuwmygyJ/ tck u&pfbd,H(yifv,f)a'oqDu qif;&Jolr

wpfOD;&JU o&kyfudk uAsmq&m [if;'&pfuf zGJUxm;ykHudk zwfMunfhMu&atmif/

acgif;pOfu Road to Lacovia wJU/ ]vmaumAD,NrdKUudk oGm;wJUvrf;aygh/

'Dvdkacgif;pOfwyfxm;ayr,fh vrf;taMumif;xuf vrf;ay:rSm awGU&wJU qif;&Jolr

taMumif;om jzpfw,fqdkwmudk uAsmzwfMunfh&if awGU&vdrfhr,f/

This is a long, forbidding road .... 'g[m &Snfvsm;

tEå&m,frsm;r,fh toGif aqmifaewJU vrf;wpfvrf;ygyJ/

a narrow, hard aisle of asphalt....

usOf;ajrmif;rmausmwJUuwå&mvrf; uav;ygwJU/ ('Dae&mrSm

wpfaMumif;wnf;&SdaewJU under udk r,lwmudk owdjyKygav/

EdkifiHjcm;uAsmawGrSm 'DvdkyJvkyfwwfw,f/ wpfyg'[m t"dyÜm,f&Sdpum;wpfck

[kwfcsifrS [kwfr,f/)

under a high gothic arch of bamboos .... 0g;yifawG&JU

a*goduckH;jrifhjrifh atmufrSm/ (taemufOa&myrSm 12-16 &mpkESpfrsm;u

acwfpm;cJUwJU Adokumtwwfudk ]a*godu[efvdkU ac:Muw,f/ ckH;BuD;awG?

wdkif;vkH;BuD;awGeJU bk&m;ausmif; pwJU taqmufttkHawG wnfMuw,f/

tck0g;yifawG tyifcsif;,SufNyD; ckH;BuD;? rkcf0BuD;vdk jzpfaewmudk zGJUxm;wm/)

Along it 'Dvrf;ay:rSm

a woman drags a makeshift barrow rdef;rwpfa,muf[m

jzpfuwwfqef; vkyfxm;wJU wGef;vSnf;uav;udk qGJoGm;w,f/

in slanting rain, and thunder rdk;pufwef;awG apGapGapmif;apmif;

&GmaewJUrdk;xJ? w*sKH;*sKH; rdk;csKef;oHxJrSm (vSnf;udk qGJoGm;w,f/)

a thin woman who wears no shoes .... zdeyfrpD;wJU ydefyefyg;yg;

rdef;r wpfa,mufygwJU/

56

'DrSm yxtydk'f qkH;oGm;ygw,f/ Murf;wrf;usOf;ajrmif;wJUvrf;ay: rdk;&GmBuD;

xJ rdef;rwpfa,mufvSnf;uav; qJGoGm;aewmudk rD;armif;xdk;jyvdkufw,f/

'DvdktEå&m,f xlajymr,fh tajctaersKd;rSm rdef;ru ydefydefuav;? zdeyfvJ

rygbl;qdkwm aemufqkH; yg'rSmawGUvdkuf&awmh zwf&ol &ifxdwf&NyD/

'kwd,tydk'f-

This is St. Elizabeth.... 'g qEå (yg|d]oEåeJU twlwl) tJvdZmbJw

(t*Fvdyf ]tDvDZbufof)ygyJwJU/ a'otrnfjzpfw,f/

a hard parish to work .... tvkyfvkyf&wm cufcJwJU a'oaygh/

(olydkifbk&m; ausmif;eJU &SdwJUe,fajrudk t*Fvdyfu parish vdkUac:w,f/)

but when you are born on and .... 'gayr,fhajray:rSm arG;zGm;

vmavawmh

you want to work that land... 'DajryJ vkyfpm;csifawmhwmyJ/

Nightfall comes here ... 'Da'orSm n usa&mufvmw,f/

swift and harsh and deep ... jrefjref&ufpufMurf;MuKwf?

eufeuf&Idif;&Idif; (nus a&mufwwfw,f/)

but 'gayr,fh ('DvdkMurf;wrf;wJUnusa&mufvmNyD jzpfayr,fh)

garish flames of lightning show up xdefxdefnD;nD; vQyfrD;vQHwkdUu

jyvdkuf w,f (vQyfa&mifxJrSm jrif&wmuawmh)

torn cheap clothing barely patched rzmEdkifrax;Edkif pkwfjywfaewJU

taygpm; t0wftpm; (0wfxm;wmudk vQyfa&mifxJrSm jrif&w,f/)

and NyD;awmh

'Dae&mrSm 'kwd,tydk'f qkH;oGm;w,f/ pmom;t"dyÜm,fuawmh

rqkH;ao;bl;/ aemufwwd,tydk'fqD ul;oGm;w,f/

wwd,tydk'f-

a face patterned by living toufarG;0rf;ausmif;tvkyfu ykHazmfay;

xm;wJUrsufESm (udk vQyfa&mifxJrSm jrif&w,f/)

57

Every sharp line of this etching 'DykHxJu xif;aewJU ta&;taMumif;

wdkif;[m (jrefrmvdkrSmawmh ]ykHyJ ajymEdkkifygw,f/ etching qdkwmu owåKjym;ay:

oHcRefeJU a&;jcpfxm;wJUykHudk ajymwm/ 'Dawmhb0u xkaxmif;xm;wJU

'Pf&m'Pfcsuf ta&;taMumif;udk o&kyfazmf&mrSm tifrwef tm;aumif;wJU

edrdwfykH jzpfoGm;ygw,f/)

has the mark of struggle &kef;&uef&wJU b0&JU trSwftom;udk

aqmifaew,f/

To the eye jrif&oltzkdUawmh? Munfh&wmuawmh

unyielding bleak earth acgif;rmvSwJU ajrBuD;yvm[m

(unyieldingqdkwm rvdkufavsmwwfbl;? acgif;rmw,fvdkUt"dyÜm,f&w,f/

bmrSr&SdwJUajrBuD;u bmrS rxGufwmudkyJ acgif;rmwJU ajrBuD;vdkU ajymwmyg/)

has brought her close to famine olUudk iwfwJUem;xd

aqmifusOf;ay;cJU w,f? iwfrwwfjzpfapcJUw,f/

yet 'gayr,hfvdkU

through this wild of a dark ckvdk tarSmifxk&dkif;&dkif;

pdkif;pdkif;qif;oufvmpOf? 'DtarSmifxJrSm

this woman dares to walk, and sing 'Drdef;r vrf;avQmuf&J?

oDcsif;qdk &Jyavw,f....wJU/

uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk zwfNyD;wJUtcg tqkH;em;rSm tarSmifxJ rdef;r

vrf;avQmuf&J? oDcsif;qkd&Jayw,fqdkwm wu,fvrf;ay:rSm jrif&wmudk

ajymwmvm;? wifpm;NyD; ajymaewmvm;? pOf;pm;csifcsif jzpfvmw,f/ &dk;&dk;

]vrf;avQmufwmudkwif Munfhajymae wmr[kwfbJ qif;&JrGJawrIqdkwJU

tarSmifb0xJ c&D;Murf;ESifaewmudkrsm; qdkvdk&dyf&Sdav a&mhvm; pOf;pm; rdvm&

awmhw,f/

tck jrefrmvdkcsnfh uAsmudk a&;csMunfhMu&atmif-

58

vmaumAD,udk oGm;&mvrf;

'g &Snfvsm;? tEå&m,frsm;wJU vrf;? 0g;yif

a*godu ckH;jrifhBuD;atmuf usOf;ajrmif;?

rmausmwJU uwå&mvrf;uav;/

rdef;rwpfa,muf jzpfuwwfqef; vSnf;av; qGJoGm;?

apGapmif;rdk;xJ? rdk;csKef;oHxJrSm/

zdeyfrpD;wJU rdef;rydefydefwpfOD;/

'g qef tJvdZbJw? tvkyfvkyf&wm

cufcJwJUt&yfy? 'gayr,fh ajray: arG;cJU&awmhvJ?

'Dajray:yJ tvkyfvkyfcsifwmaygh/

n jrefjref? Murf;Murf;? eufeuf usw,f? vQyf&JU

rD;vQH&J&JwdkU xGef;jyvdkufMu&JU- rzmax;

EdkifwJU pkwfjywft0wftpm;? NyD;awmh

0rf;pma&;u ykHazmfxm;wJUrsufESm/ 'DykH&JU

ta&;taMumif; xif;xif;wdkif;[m &kef;uef&wm&JU

trSwftom;/ Munfh&wmawmh acgif;rmvSwJU

AvmajrBuD;[m olUudktiwfab;em; ac:cJUNyD/

'gayr,fh 'D&dkif;pdkif;tarSmif usqif;aewJUxJ

'Drdef;r vSrf;&J? aw;oD&Jyav/ /

t-v-[if;'&pfuf

59

TIME AND MOTION STUDY

Slow down the film. and You see that bit.

Seven days old. and no work done.

Two hands clutching nothing but air,

Two legs kicking nothing but air.

That yell. That's wasted energy there.

No use to himself, no good for the firm.

Make a note of that.

New film. Now look, now he's fourteen.

Work out the energy required

To make him grow that tall.

It could have been used

It could have all been used

For the good of the firm and he could have stayed small.

Make a note of that.

Age thirty. And the waste continues

Using his legs for walking. Tiring

His mouth with talking and eating. Twitching.

Slow it down. Reproducing? I see.

All, I suppose, for the good of the firm.

But he'd better change methods. Yes, he'd better.

Look at the waste of time and emotion.

Look at the waste. Look. Look.

And make a note of that.

Adrian Mitchell

60

&kyf0g'orm;&JU&Iaxmifh

uAsm&JUacgif;pOf Time and Motion Study qdkwmu ]tcsdefeJUa&GUvsm;rI

avhvvmcsufvdkUjzpfw,f/ odyÜHokH;EIef;xm;wmyJvdkU em;vnfvdkuf&w,f/ uAsmudk

qufzwfMunfhMu&atmif/

Slow down the film zvifudk aES;vdkufygwJU/ trdefUay;aewmjzpfw,f/

wpfpkH wpfOD;u &kyf&Sifjypufudk udkifaew,f/ tJ'DvludkvSrf;NyD; trdefUay;

vdkufwmvdkU cefUrSef;& w,f/

You see that bit tJ'D tydkif;tpav;udk jrifw,fr[kwfvm;wJU/ ]tydkif;

tpav;qdkawmh oufrJU&kyf0w¦KwpfckvdkU xifrdcsifp&mjzpfw,f/

Seven days old ckESpf&ufom;

and no work done bmtvkyfrS rNyD;ajrmufbl;/ 'Dyk'fpk ESpfckvkH;rSm o'´g

enf;t& 0gust*Fgrajrmufwmudk owdjyKyg/ He is seven days old, no work

has been done vdkU o'´genf;usus &Sdoifhw,f/ tckvdk twdkcsKH;ajymaewJU

oabmu rSwfpkoabmaqmifw,f/ tcsdefodyfrjzKef;vdkbl;/ vdk&if;yJ wdkwkd&Sif;&Sif;

ajymcsif w,fvkdU em;vnf&w,f/ atmufrSmvJ tvm;wlajymwmrsm;

awGUygvdrfhr,f/

Two hands clutching nothing but air vufESpfbufu avuvJGvdkU

bmrS r&Sdwmudk qGJudkifaew,f/

Two legs kicking nothing but air ajcESpfacsmif;u avuvJGvdkUbmrS

r&Sdwmudk uefausmufaeMuw,f/

That yell tJ'D wtm;[pfatmfidkvdkufwJU toH/ tckxd qufzwfvdkuf

awmhrS olajymaewm oufrJUt&m0w¦Kr[kwfbJ uav;i,fwpfa,mufygvm;vdkU

odMu&w,f/

61

That's wasted energy there 'g pGrf;tifudk jzKef;wD;aewmyJ jzpfw,f

(tJovdk atmfidkaewmj[m pGrf;tifudk jzKef;wD;aewmyJjzpfw,f/)

No use to himself oludk,fwdkif twGufvnf; tokH;r0if

no good for the firm ukrÜPDtwGufvnf; tusKd;r&Sd

Make a note of that 'gudk rSwfom;xm;yg/

'Dyxr wpfykd'fvkH;[m arG;uif;p uav;i,fyJvdkU odMu&w,f/

New film zviftopf

Now look a[mMunfhprf;

Now he's fourteen ol tck q,fhav;ESpfom; &SdNyD

Work out the energy pGrf;tifudk wGufcsufMunfhprf;

(bmtwGufpGrf;tifvJ qufzwf)

required to make him grow that tall olUudk'DrQavmufxdt&yfjrifh

(xGm;usKdif;)vmatmif vkyfay;zdkU vdktyfwJU (pGrf;tifudk wGufcsufMunfhprf;)

It could have been used 'gudk ('DpGrf;tifudk)okH;cJUEdkifayvdrfhr,f

It could have all been used 'gtm;vkH;udk okH;cJUEdkifayvdrfhr,f

(b,fvdkokH;cJU rSmvJ? qufzwf)

For the good of the firm ukrÜPD&JU tusKd;twGuf (okH;cJUEdkifay;vdrfhr,f)

and he could have stayed small olao;ao;auG;auG;yJ aecJUEdkifom;yJ

(t&yf xGm;&mrSm okH;cJU&wJU pGrf;tifawGudk ukrÜPDtusKd;twGuf okH;cJU&if

&om;yJ? oluawmh rxGm;awmhbJ ykuGuGav;yJ aecJU&rSmayghav)

Make a note of that 'gudkrSwfom;xm;yg/

'kwd,tydk'fuawmh 14 ESpfom;zGJUjzpfygw,f/

Age thirty toufokH;q,f

And the waste continues jzKef;wD;rI qufvufjzpfaew,f/

62

Using his legs for walking vrf;avQmufzdkUtwGuf

olUajcaxmufawGudkokH;wm

Tiring his mouth with talking and eating pum;ajymum

tpmpm;um eJU olUyg;pyfudk armyef;apwm/

Twitching wGefUvdrfh&IHUwGae

Slow it down aES;vdkufprf;

Reproducing? rsKd;jyefUyGm;a&;vkyfaewmvm;

I see ? 'Dvdkudk; [kwfNyD/

All, I suppose, for the good of the firm

tm;vkH;[mukrÜPDtusKd;twGuf yJvdkU xifw,f/

But he'd change methods 'gayr,fh olUenf;pepfawGudk

ajymif;&ifydkaumif;r,f/

Yes, he'd better [kwfw,f? (ajymif;&if)aumif;r,f

Look at the waste of time and emotion tcsdefawG? pdwfvIyf&Sm;rI

awG jyKef;wD;vdkuf&wm MunfhygOD;

Look at the waste jyKef;wD;vdkuf&wmMunfhygOD;

Look. Look. MunfhygOD;/ MunfhygOD;/ (awmfawmhfudk ESmarsmwordykHudk

ay:vGif apcsifvdkU pum;vkH;awGudk xyfausmhxm;w,f)

And make a note of that 'gudk rSwfom;xm;ygOD;

udkif;-tck uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk jrefrmvdk csa&;MunfhMu&atmif/

rl&if;uAsmu acwfay:uAsmwdkU wHxGm? rMwmpepf? um&efpepfudk rokH;bJ

vGwfvyfuAsm (Vers libre) ykHpHjzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh 'Dtwdkif;a&;csMu&kHygyJ/

toHoGm; toHvmudkawmh qifjcif &wmayghav/

63

tcsdefeJUa&GUvsm;rIavhvmcsuf

zvifudk aES;vdkufprf;? tJ'DOpömav; jrifw,fr[kwfvm;/

ckESpf&ufom;&SdNyD;? bmtvkyfrS rNyD;bl;/

vufESpfbuf avuvGJ bmrSr&Sdwmudk vSrf;qkyfae/

ajcESpfacsmif; avuvGJ bmrSr&Sdwmudk uefausmufae/

tJ'DatmfidkoH/ 'g pGrf;tif jyKef;wD;wmyJ/

oludk,fwdkiftzdkU tokH;r0if/ ukrÜPDtwGufvJ tusKd;r&Sd/

tJ'gudk rSwfom;/

zvifopf/ a[mMunfh? a[m q,fhav;ESpf&SdNyD/

ol 'Davmuf xGm;vmzdkU vdktyfwJU

pGrf;tifudkwGufMunfh/

ukrÜPDtusKd;twGuf okH;EdkifcJUwmyJ?

tukef okH;EdkifcJUwmyJ?

ol ao;auG;aecJUvdkU &Edkifom;yJ/

tJ'gudk rSwfom;/

toufokH;q,f/ jyKef;wD;rI qufNrJ/

vrf;avQmufzdkU ajcaxmufawGokH;ae/ pum;ajymum

tpmpm;wmeJU yg;pyfudkanmif;ap/ wGefUvdrfh&IHUwGae/

aES;vdkufprf;/ rsKd;jyefUyGm;a&;wJUvm;/ [kwfNyD/

ukrÜPDtusKd;twGufcsnf;vdkU qdk&rSmayghav/

'gayr,fh enf;pepfajymif;&ifaumif;r,f/ ajymif;&r,f/

tcsdefawG pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIawG jyKef;wD;&wmudkMunfh/

jyKef;wD;&wmudk Munfh/ Munfh/ Munfh/

tJ'gudk rSwfom;xm;prf;/

at;'&D,ef rpfcsJvf

64

tptqkH; awmufavQmuf zwfMunfhvdkufw,fqdk&ifyJ? &kyf&Sifjy&if;

wpfpkHwpfOD;u pum;ajymaew,fqdkwmudk odomygvdrfhr,f/ &kyf&Sif&kHxJrSm

jywmr[kwfbJ tcef;wpfcef; (pnf;a0;cef;r)rSm oD;oefUjyaewmvdkUvJ odr,f/

aES;apcsifwJUtcg ]aES;vdkufprf;vdkU trdefUay;aewm awGU&wmudk;/ ukrÜPDqdkwJU

pum;udkvJ rMumrMumawGU&awmh ukrÜPD vlBuD;awG pnf;a0;&if; avhvmp&m

taMumif;t&mwpfckudk jypufi,fav;eJU &kyf&SifjyNyD; aqG;aEG; avhvmaeMuwm

jzpfr,fvdkU cefUrSef;Edkifao;w,f/ ukrÜPDrSmta&;ygwJUyk*¾dKvf ('g&dkufwmvlBuD;)

wpfOD;ucsnfh a0zefokH;oyfjyaeykHyg/ ( Firm qdkwJU t*Fvdyfpum;vkH;udk

]ukrÜPDvdkU tvG,fokH;vdkufygw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;ponfvkyfwJU ]tzGJUvdkU

jyefvJ&rSmyg yJ/)

olwkdU Munfh&IokH;oyfaeMuwJU &kyf&Sifum;wdkav;u vlwpfa,muf&JUb0udk

&dkuful; xm;wJU um;yg/ t"du okH;ydkif;cGJxm;w,f/ (1) uav;? (2) vli,f? (3)

vlvwf&,fvdkU jzpfw,f/ wpfydkif;rSm a0zefokH;oyfcsuf wpfckus uAsmokH;ydk'f

zGJUxm;wmygyJ/

ppcsif; arG;uif;p ckESpf&ufom;av;udk jrifMu&w,f/ avxJudk

vufuav;awG eJU vSrf;qGJ? ajcaxmufuav;awG uefum? ausmufumeJU/

'gudkyJ yk*¾dKvfBuD;u ]bm tvkyfrS vkyfrNyD;bl;vdkUrSwfcsufcsw,fav/ uav;u

tl0Jtl0JeJU pl;pl;&S&S atmf[pfidk a<u;vdkufawmhvJ ]pGrf;tifjyKef;wD;wmyJvdkU

a0zefw,f/ uav;udk,fwdkiftzdkUvJtokH; r0if/ ukrÜPDtwGufvJ tusKd;r&Sd

ygbl;wJU/ 'Dyk*¾dKvfBuD;&JUtjrifrSmolwkdU pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; atmifjrifa&;qdkwJU ta&;

udpöwpfckyJ &Sdaew,fqdkwmudk odMu&w,f/

'kwd,jyuGif;u 14 ESpfom;t&G,f vkvifi,faoG;&JUykH jzpfygw,f/

xGm;xGm; usKdif;usKdif;vli,fwpfa,muf jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ ckeu uav;i,f

t&G,ftpm;uae 'Dvl i,f&JU vkH;&yfoP²meftxd BuD;jyif;xGm;usKdif;vmzkdU pGrf;tif

awG awmfawmfukefcJU&ayvdrfh r,f/ 'DpGrf;tifawGudk yk*¾dKvfBuD;u ESarsmaew,f/

'DukefcJU&wJU pGrf;tifawGudk olwkdUukrÜPDtusKd;twGuf okH;cJU&if b,favmuf

65

aumif;rvJwJU/ tJovdkpGrf;tifawGudk ukrÜPDltusKd;twGufokH;cJU&if oli,fav;

awmh rBuD;xGm;bJ aecJUrSmayghav/ ao;ao; auG;auG;yJ &Sdyapaygh/ &om;yJ

vdkUrSwfcsufcsygw,f/

'DvkdeJU qufjyvdkufwm wwd,jycif;rSm uRefawmfwkdU Zmwfvdkuf[mtouf

30 t&G,fa&mufvmygNyD/ olUvIyf&Sm;rIawGudk MunfhNyD;yk*¾dKvfBuD;u ]jyKef;wD;rIawG

qufvkyf aew,fvdkU a0zefw,f/ vrf;avQmufoGm;&if; ajcaxmufawGudk

okH;aewm? pum;ajym &if;? tpmpm;&if; yg;pyfudkanmif;atmif vkyfaewmawG[m

pGrf;tifudk jyKef;wD;rIawGyJ wJU/ 'Dvdk a0zefaewkef; Zmwfvdkuf&JU wGefUvdrf

&IHUwGaeykHudk jrif&awmh pdwf0ifpm;oGm;[ef eJU zvifudk taES;cdkif;vdkufw,f/

]'gbmvkyfaewmvJvdkU ar;vdkufawmh? vufaxmuf okawoet&m&Sd wpfOD;u

]rsKd;jyefUyGm;a&;vkyfaewmygvdkU ajzvdkufykH&w,f/ 'gaMumifh ]rsKd;jyefUyGm;a&;

vkyfaewmvm;? [kwfNyD? oabmaygufNyD? 'gukrÜPDtusKd;yJ? aumif;w,f vdkU

rSwfcsufcsygw,f/ NyD;awmh qufNyD;rSwfcsufcsjyefw,f/ ]enf;edosnf;udkawmh

ajymif;rS jzpfvdrfhr,f? tckenf;u tcsdefawG pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIawG jyKef;wD;

aewmyJwJU/ cspfolukd &SmykH? cspfa&;qdk&ykH? cspfoleJUvGJ&if pdwfqif;&J&ykH?

cspfoleJUawGUawmhpdwfvIyf&Sm;&ykHwdkUudk MunfhNyD; a0zefaewm jzpfygvdrfhr,f/

'DvdktcsdefrjzKef;bJ? pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIrjzpf&bJ vdk&if;a&mufwJU enf;r&Sdbl;vm;wJU/

odyÜHynmeJU pufrIvkyfief;wdk;wufvmwJU wdkif;jynfrsm;rSm 'D odyÜHynm

wdk;wuf a&;? pufrIvkyfief; zGHNzdK;a&;udkyJ yifr&,fvdkU jrifvmMuum tjcm;tjcm;

pdwfydkif;wefzdk; awGudk ab;csdwfvmwwfMuygw,f/ 'Dvdk odyÜH-pufrI wdk;wufa&;

tjrifoufoufudk &kyf0g' (materialism) vdkU ac:w,f/ (uGefjrLepfawG&JU

pdwfeJUwuG b0wpfckvkH;&JU tajccH[m &kyfjzpfw,fqdkwJU t,ludkvJ

&kyf0g'yJac:w,f/ pum;vkH;wlayr,fh t"dyÜm,f wjcm;pD/ &kyf0g' tjrifBuD;xGm;

vmcJU&if arwåm? u&kPmpwJU vlUavmurSm tpOftvm &SifoefvmcJUwJU

pdwfydkif;wefzdk;awG qkwf,kwfvmEdkifykHudk uAsmq&m at;'&D,efrpfcsJvf u

oa&mfajymifavSmifvdkufwmjzpfw,f/

66

CONSEQUENCES

He was good, the man, sure

as his hoe and his plough.

He didn't even have time

to dream while he slept.

He was poor to the point of sweat

He was worth a single horse.

His son today is very proud

and is worth a number of cars.

He speaks with a senator's voice,

he walks with ample step,

has forgotten his peasant father

and discovered ancesters,

he thinks like a fat newspaper,

makes money night and day

is important even asleep.

The sons of the son are many,

they married some time ago.

They do nothing, but they consume.

They're worth thousands of mice.

The sons of the sons of son­

what will they make of the world?

Will they turn out good or bad?

Worth flies or worth wheat?

you don't want to answer me.

67

But the questions do not die.

Pablo Neruda

Translated by Alastair Read

pdk;aESmifhrdw,f

csDvDEdkifiHu uAsmq&mBuD; ygbvdk ae&l'gudk uAsm0goemygwJU jrefrm

y&dowf &if;ESD;NyD; jzpfw,f/ uRefawmf&JU ]]xif;&SL;yif&dyfrSm olUuAsmtcsKdUudk

bmomjyefxnfhoGif;cJUw,f/ wjcm;yk*¾dKvfrsm;vJ olUuAsmtcsKdUudk bmomjyefzl;

Muygw,f/ tck olUuAsm wpfyk'fudk t*Fvdyfvdku wpfqifh wifqufvdkufygw,f/

t*Fvdyfvdk bmomjyefolu tJvpwm &dwf'fyg/

Consequences aemifjzpfay:vmr,fh tusKd;w&m;rsm;? tusKd;qufrsm;/

He was good, the man wu,fuawmh ykHrSefpma&;ovdk a&;&&if The

man was good vdkU&Sd&rSmjzpfw,f/ ol[m

vlawmfvlaumif;wpfa,mufjzpfw,fvdkU qdkvdkwm ygyJ/

Sure as his hoe and his plough olUaygufwl;vdk

olUx,fvdkyJpdwfcs&w,f? ydkifydkif EdkifEdkif vkyfudkifwwfw,f/

He didn't even have time tcsdefawmifr&Sdawmhbl;

(bmtwGuftcsdefr&Sd wmvJ? qufzwf)

to dream while he slept tdyfaewkef; tdyfrufrufzdkU

(tcsdefawmifr&Sdbl;)/ uRefawmfwkdUu tvkyf&Iyfwmudk

]],m;vdkUawmifrukwftm;bl;vdkU ajymMuw,f/ olu tdyfrufawmif

rruftm;bl;qdkawmh ydkxdrdygw,f/

He was poor to the point sweat acR;xGuf&avmufatmif qif;&J

w,f? qif;&JordkU ezl;uacR; ajcr usatmif yifyifyef;yef;tvkyfvkyf&w,f/

68

He was worth a single horse ol[m jrif;wpfaumifwefw,f/

olUwefzdk;u jrif;wpfaumif jzpfw,f/ (uRefawmfwdkUqDrSmawmh rdef;uav;&JU

wefzdk;udkyJ ]]odef;wefwJUarponfjzifh okH;EIef;avh&Sdw,f? ausmufrsufudkvnf;

]]jynfwefwJUiarmuf pojzifhajymMuw,f? a,mufsm;udkawmh b,favmuf

wefw,fvdkU ajymavhr&Sdbl;)

His son today is very proud 'DaeU (acwfrSm) olUom;uawmh

tifrwef rmeBuD;aew,f/

and is worth a number of cars um;okH;av;pD;wefw,f/ (uRefawmfwkdU

qDrSm wdkufwpfvkH; um;wpfpD; wifawmif;&w,fqdkwmeJU ,SOfMunfh)

He speaks with a senator's voice ol[m qif;edwfvTwfawmftrwf&JU

avoHeJU pum;ajymw,f/ wu,fqif;edwftrwfjzpfaeNyDvm;awmh rod&?

olwkdUqDrSm aiGcsrf;omvm&if trwf0ifa&G;avh&SdMuwmygyJ?

he walks with ample step &mr ajcvSrf;usJusJBuD;eJU

vrf;avQmufavh&Sdw,f/

has forgotten his peasant father olUtaz

v,form;BuD;udkarhypfvdkuf NyD

and discovered ancestors &SmazGod&Sd&wJU bdk;ab;bDbifwkdUudkvnf;

arhypfvdkufNyD (olwkdUqDrSm udk,fhbdk;ab;pOfqufudk rod&if okawoevkyfNyD;

&SmazGay;wJU tzGJUawG&Sdygw,f/ aiGaMu;wwfEdkifolrsm;u tJovdk t&Smcdkif;

avh&Sdw,f)

He thinks like a fat newspaper owif;pmtxlBuD;vdk

pOf;pm;awG;awmw,f (olwkdUqDu pmrsufESm 50-60yg owif;pmrsm;udk

awGUzl;ygvdrfhr,f? aMumfjimawGu trsm;pkrdkU xlaewmygyJ? a&;jyefawmhvnf;

aqmif;yg;ponf[m NyD;pvG,frsKd;awGjzpfae wwfw,f/ 'gaMumifh ]]owif;pm

txlBuD;vdk pOf;pm;w,f qdkwm aiG&a&;yJ pOf;pm;w,f? rav;eufbl;vdkU

qdkvdkw,f)

69

makes money night and day na&maeUyg 0ifaiGvrf; ajzmifhaew,f

is important even asleep tdyfaewkef;rSmawmif ta&;ygt&ma&muf

aew,f

The sons of the son are many om;&JU om;awGu trsm;BuD;/

ydkufqH&Sdawmh rdef;rawG wpfa,mufNyD; wpfa,muf ,l? om;awGtrsm;BuD;

arG;ayghav

They married some time ago olwkdU(om;awG)vJ

wavmutdrfaxmifjyKMu w,f

They do nothing olwdkUbmtvkyfrS rvkyfbl;? olaX;om;awGudk;

but they consume 'gayr,fh pm;okH;wwfw,f? okH;w,f? jzKef;w,fvdkU

qdkvdkygw,f/

They're worth thousands of mice olwkdU[m

<uuftaxmiftaomif;yJ wefw,f/ <uufqdkwmuvnf;

olrsm;vkyfudkif&SmazGxm;wJU pyg;ponfudkyJ cdk;0Sufpm; aomufwwfwmudk;

The sons of the sons of the son om;&JU om;awG&JU om;awG

('Dae&mrSm ]]ajr;jrpf grandsons, great­grandsons pwJUtac:ta0:awGudk

okH;&if&om;eJU rokH;bJxm;wmudk owdjyKygav/ acgif;pOfu Consequences

vdkUwyfxm;wmeJU tnDom;u om; qif;ouftusKd;qufvmykHudk

ay:vGifapw,f)

what will they make of the world? olwkdU urÇmavmuBuD;udk

bmrsm;vkyfMu rwkef;? b,fvdkjzpfvmapMurwkef;/

will they turn out good or bad? olwkdU[m vlaumif;awGjzpfvmMu

rvm;? vlqdk;awG jzpfvmMurvm;?

Worth flies or wheat? ,ifaumifyJ wefrvm;? *sKHyJ wefrvm;

(taz&JU wefzdk; ujrif;wpfaumif? om;&JUwefzdk;u um;okH;avpD;? ajr;wefzdk;u

<uuf? jrpfwefzdk;u ,ifaumif? wefzdk;awG ,kwfvmvdkufykHudk qifjcifygav)

70

*sKHqdk&if enf;enf;yg;yg; wefao;&JU? ,ifaumifqdk&ifawmh ESpfjym; rwefbl;

ajymwmygyJ

you don't want to answer me cifAsm;(pmzwfol) usKyfudk ajzp&m

rvdkygbl;/ ('Dae&mrSm want u need eJUwlw,f/ vdktyfwmudkajymwm?

vdkcsifwmudk ajymwmr[kwfbl;/)

But the questions do not die 'gayr,fh (cifAsm;ajzzdkUrvdkayr,fh)

ar;cGef;awGuawmh toufaoroGm;bl;/ &SifoefvsufygyJwJU/

v,form;BuD;&,f olUom;olaX;&,f? olUajr; olaX;om;awG&,f?

rsKd;qufokH;quf udk o&kyfazmfvdkufNyD;wJUaemuf pwkw¦rsKd;qufjzpfwJU jrpfawG&JU

vufxufusawmh b,fvdkrsm; jzpfukefMuavrvJvdkU pdk;&drfylyefpdwfeJU uAsm

q&mu olUuAsmudk ed*kH;csKyfxm; vdkufw,f/ v,form;BuD;u tvkyfBudK;pm;

w,f/ qif;&Jw,f/ qif;&JwJUMum;uyJ om;udk ynmoifcJUawmh om;u pD;yGm;a&;

orm;? olaX;jzpfoGm;w,f/ (wavmu TV rSmwifquf oGm;wJU Rich Man,

Poor Man udk owd&p&mjzpfw,f) om;&Jom;awG (v,form;

BuD;&JUajr;awG)usawmh olaX;om;qdkNyD; bmtvkyfrSrvkyfawmhbJ

rdbydkufqHxdkifpm;wJU okH;&kHjzKef;&kHom em;vnfwJU qefukefajrav;awG

vlay:aMumhawGyJjzpfukefMuawmhw,f/ 'Dawmh uAsmq&mu pOf;pm;w,f/

'Dom;awG&JU om;awGvufxuf (v,form;BuD;&JU jrpfrsm;acwf) rsm;qdk&if

b,fvdkrsm; aevdrfhrvJ/ qefukefajrav;u arG;vdkufwJU [mawG qdkawmh

ESpfjym;rS wefygOD;awmhrvm;wJU/ 'Dtzdk;rwefvlay:aMumhawGu urÇmavmuBuD;

udk b,fvdkOD;aqmifoGm;MurSmygvdrfhwJU/

'g[m olwkdUpD;yGm;wdk;wufaewJU taemufEdkifiHrsm;rSm wu,fBudKHawGU

ae&wJU udpö jzpfw,f/ ygbvdk ae&l'gvdkyJ aemifa&;udkrat;rdwJU yk*¾dKvfrsm;u

a&;Mu? ajymMuvSNyDjzpf wJUjyóemwpf&yfjzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh taemuf

EdkifiHrsm;rSmwif BuKHawGU&ifqdkifae&wJU jyóemawmh r[kwfacsbl;/ pD;yGm;a&;

rzGHNzdK;rwdk;wufao;wJU EdkifiHrsm;rSmvJ BuKHawGUae &wmygyJ/ tenf;eJUtrsm;yJ

71

uGmr,f/ ae&l'gwkdU&JU vufwiftar&du[m zGHNzdK;wkd;wufaewJU EdkifiH r[kwf

ao;ygbl;/ EdkifiHjcm;a<u;awG vufwiftar&durSm &Sdaew,f/ 'gayr,fh

csrf;omwJUvlu usdusdwuf csrf;omawmh olwkdUom;orD;awG tvkyf rvkyfcsifwJU

jyóem &SdaeNyD/

aemufwpfcg csrf;omwJU EdkifiHrsm;u olaX;om;vli,fawG&JU p&dkuf[m

qif;&JwJU EdkifiHrsm;u olaX;om;wifru qif;&Jom;vli,fawGqDudkyg a&mufvm

wwfao;w,f/ vli,fqdkwmu tifrweftwkcdk;vG,fwmudk;/ udk,feJUwefw,f

rwefw,f rcsifhcsdef? olwkdUvdkvufaMumwif;atmif rvkyfcsifbJ okH;[,f?

jzKef;[,f? 0wf[,f? pm;[,f vkyfcsifvmMuawmhw,f/ 'DrSmwif rjzpfoifh

wmawG jzpfukefawmhwmygyJ/ 'Djyóemudk wm0efod jynfolawGodjrifMuNyD;

wpfckckvkyfMuzdkUaumif;w,f/ 'gayr,fh rvkyfMubl;/ rodusKd;uRHjyKaeMuwmyJ/

'gudk uAsmq&mu pdwfysufrdykH&w,f/ 'gaMumifh ]]cifAsm;tajz ay;p&mrvdkygbl;?

ray;csifaeyg? &ygw,f? at;-jyóemuawmh 'Dwdkif;aevdkU NyD;roGm; bl;AsvdkU

tqkH;owfrSm pdwfememeJU ajymvdkufwmygyJ/

tusKd;qufrsm;

vlawmfyJ 'Dvl? olU aygufwl;?

olU x,fwdkUudk pdwfcs&w,f?

tdyfwkef; tdyfruf rufzdkU

tcsdefawmif ol r&bl;/

ol[m acR;uswJUxd qif;&Jum?

jrif;wpfaumifyJ wefcJUw,f/

'DaeU olUom; tvGefrmeBuD;?

um; okH;av;pD; wefw,f/

72

txufvTwfawmftrwf avoHeJU ajym?

&mr ajcvSrf;eJU vrf;avQmuf?

v,form; zcifBuD;udka&m?

avhvmod&Sd&wJU bdk;ab;awGudkyg arh?

owif;pm xlxlES,f awG;awm?

aeUa&m nyg? ydkufqH0if?

tdyfaecdkufawmif ta&;yg&JU/

om;&JU om;awG trsm;BuD;?

wavmqDuyJ vyfxyfoGm;Mu?

olwkdUbmrS rvkyf? okH;&kHyJ okH;pJGMu?

olwkdU <uufaxmifaomif; wef/

om;&JU om;awG&JU om;awG

urÇmudk olwkdU bmvkyfMurwkef;/

vlaumif;awG jzpfvmrvm;? qdk;rvm;/

,ifaumifyJ wefrvm;? *sKHyJ wefrvm;/

cifAsm;usKyfudk ajzp&m rvdkygbl;/

ar;cGef;awGuawmh aoroGm;bl;/

ygbvdk ae&l'g

73

ALONG THE RIVER

They had pulled her out of the river. She was dead,

Lying against the rhododendrons sewn with spider's thread.

An oldish woman, in a shabby dress, a straggling stocking,

A worn, despairing face. How could the old do such a

thing?

Now forty years have passed. Again I recall that poor

Thing laid along the River Leam, and I look once more.

They have pulled her out of the river. She is dead,

Lying against the rhododendrons sewn with spider's thread.

A youngish woman, in a sodden dress, a straggling

stocking,

A sad, appealing face. How can the young do such a thing?

D J Enright

trsKd;orD;ESpfOD;

t*FvdyfuAsmq&mBuD; '*s tJef&dkufwf[m xdkif;EdkifiH? puFmyl?

*syefwuúodkvfrsm; rSm 1960uae 1970xd q&mvkyfoGm;zl;wJUtwGuf olUuAsm

tawmfrsm;rsm;[m tm&S tjcif;t&mawG tawGUtBuKHawGudk a&;zGJUwmjzpfw,f/

'DtwGuf emrnfBuD;ygw,f/ tckwifqufr,fh uAsmuawmh olUtrdwdkif;jynfu

tawGUtBuKHwpfckudk zGJUqdkxm;wmyg/ tawGUtBuKHwpfckvdkU qdkvdkuf&ayr,fh

jzpf&yfu ESpfckyg/ i,fi,fwkef;u awGUvdkuf&wm eJU aemifESpf 40tMumrSm

jrif&wm ,SOfjyxm;w,f/ tJef&dkufwfu 1920rSm arG;cJUwmqdk awmh tck touf

73ESpf&SdygNyD/

74

uAsmudk zwfMunfhMuygpdkU/

acgif;pOf Along the River u jrpf&dk;wpfavQmuf? jrpf&dk;rSmvdkU

t"dyÜm,f&w,f/

They had pulled her olwkdUolUudk qGJ,lcJUMuw,f

(b,fuaeqJG,lwmvJ? qufzwf)/

out of the river jrpfxJu-wJU/ olwkdU olUudkjrpfxJu

qGJxkwf,lcJUMuw,f aygh/

She was dead olaoaeNyD/ t*Fvdyfpum; was udk owdjyKyg/

twdwftcsdefudk nTef; aew,f/ twdwfu jzpf&yfwpfcktaMumif;

ajymjyaew,fvdkU em;vnf&w,f/

Lying against the rhododendrons &dk'dk'if'&ef tyifav;awGay:rSdum

vJavsmif;&if; (aoaew,f)? 0gusu rqkH;ao;yg/

sewn with spider's thread yifhul&JU csnfrQifeJU csKyfoDxm;wJU

(&dk'dk'if'&ef tyifuav;rsm;ay:rSDum vJavsmif;&if; aoaew,f/)

tyifuav;awG&JU t&GuftyGifh awGrSm yifhulu tdrfvkyfxm;wmudkyJ yifhulrQifeJU

csKyfoDxm;w,fvdkU zGJUwmyg/

An oldish woman odyfrtdkvSao;wJU rdef;rBuD; wpfa,muf/ oldish

qdkwm old avmuf rtdkao;wm a little old udkajymwm? tdkwdkwkd? rtdkUwtdk

pojzifhvJ ajymEdkifyg vdrfhr,f/

in a shabby dress a[mif;EGrf;pkwfjywft0wftpm;eJU/

a straggling stocking royfr&yf udk;&dk;um;&m; ajctdwfeJU/

A worn despairing face EGrf;vsarmyef;aewJU? pdwfysufaewJUrsufESm?

arQmfvifhcsuf ukefcef;aewJU rsufESm/

75

How could the old do such a thing? b,fvdkvkyfNyD;awmhrsm;

touft&G,f tdkrif;olrsm;[m 'DvdktvkyfrsKd; (udk,fhudk,fudk udk,fowfao

wmrsKd;)udk vkyf&wmygvdrfh/

'Dyxrwpfykd'fvkH; o'´goabmt& past tense eJUa&;xm;w,f/

twdwfu jzpf&yfqdkwmudk t*Fvdyfpum;rSm ay:vGifaew,f/

Now forty years have passed ckESpfav;q,f ukefvGefcJUNyD/ (tcku

pNyD; present tense okH;ygNyD/)

Again I recall that poor thing tJ'Doem;p&m rdef;rBuD;udkigjrifa,mifrd

jyefw,f/ t*Fvdyfpum;rSmawmh thing vdkUokH;vdkufwmyJ/ pum;pyfMunfhNyD; olUudk

ajymwmvdkU odwwf&w,f/) 0gusrqkH;ao;/

Laid along the River Leam vdrf; jrpf&dk;ay:rSmcsxm;wJU (oem;p&m

rdef;rBuD; udkjrifa,mifrdw,f/)

and I look once more ig wpfcgxyfNyD;Munfhrdw,f/ Munfhvdkufawmh

bmjrif ovJ/ wwd,tydk'f qufzwf/

They have pulled her out of the river olwkdU olUudkjrpfxJu

qGJxkwfcJUMu w,f/ (yxrtydk'fueJU pum;vkH;awG qifygw,f/ t*FvdyfrSmawmh

had u have ajymif; oGm;NyD; jrefrmrSmawmh jyp&mr&Sd/)

She is dead olaoaeNyD/ (yxrtydk'fwkef;u was okH;cJUw,f/)

Lying against the rhododendrons sewn with spider's thread

yifhul&JU csnfrQifeJU csKyfoDxm;wJU &dk'dk'if'&eftyifuav;rsm;ay:rSDum

vJavsmif;&if; (aoaew,f/) (pum;vkH;awGwrifwlatmif vkyfxm;wmu

udk,fhudk,fudk udk,f owfao ykHcsif;wlwmudk txl;jyKvdkufwm jzpfw,f/)

A youngish woman i,fao;w,f qdk&r,fh rdef;rwpfa,muf ('DrSmyJ

oldish eJU youngish uGJw,f/)

76

in a sodden dress a&&TJ&TJpdkaewJUt0wfeJU (rdef;rBuD;udk o&kyfazmfpOfu

shabby okH;cJUw,f/ tck tJ'gudk rokH;yJ soddenudk cGJokH;vdkufawmh rdef;rBuD;vdk

olqif;&Jr r[kwfbl;vdkU od&w,f)

a straggling stocking royfr&yfudk;&dk;um;&m; ajctdwfeJU

(tzGJUcsif;wlxm; w,f/ a&epfavawmh ajctdwf[m royfr&yf udk;&dk;um;&m;

jzpf&wmcsnf;)

A sad appealing face 0rf;enf;aMuuJGaewJU pGJrufp&m acsmarmvSywJU

rsufESm ('DrSm tbGm;BuD;tzGJUeJU uGJw,f)

How can the young do such a thing? b,fvdkvkyfNyD;awmhrsm;

touf t&G,fEke,f i,f&G,folrsm;[m 'DvdktvkyfrsKd;udk vkyf&wmygvdrfh/ (could

eJU can, old eJU young yJuGmw,f/)

txufrSm axmufjycJUwJUtwdkif; tawGUtBuKHESpfckudk ,SOfNyD;jyxm;ygw,f/

i,fpOfu uAsmq&m jrpf&dk;wpfavQmufa&mufoGm;w,f/ rdef;rBuD;wpfa,muf&JU

tavmif;aumifudk a&xJuqGJ,lNyD; urf;ay:wifxm;Muwmudk awGUcJU&w,f/

touf tawmfuav;BuD;NyD/ t0wftpm;u pkwfpkwfjywfjywfvdkU qdkxm;awmh

qif;&JolrBuD;vdkU qdk&rSmaygh/ b,fvdkvkyfNyD;awmhrsm; touft&G,fBuD;&ifhyg&uf?

'Dvdkudk,fhudk,fudk udk,fowfaooGm;wJU tvkyfrsKd;udk vkyf&ygvdrfhvdkU uAsmq&m

awG;rdw,f/ r&SdEGrf;yg;vGef;vdkU b0udk &ifrqdkifcsifawmhwmeJU owfaowm

jzpfrSmygyJvdkU odomayr,fh b,fvdkrS aumufcsufqGJjyrxm;bl;/ uAsmwpfykd'fudk

ar;cGef;av;eJUyJ tqkH;owfxm;ykHudk owdjyK yg/

aemiftESpf 40 Mumawmh uAsmq&m[m jrpf&dk;qD 'kwd,tBudrf

a&mufoGm;jyef w,f/ i,fpOfu touf 20vdkU xm;&if uAsmq&m[m tck

touf 60 0ef;usif &Sda&maygh/ tvsifa&mufpOfu awGUcJU&zl;wJU tbGm;BuD;

tavmif;udk owd&rdwkef;rSmyJ tckvJ rdef;rtavmif;wpfavmif; a&xJu

q,fxm;Muwmudk awGU&jyefw,f/ 'Dwpfcg awmh t&G,fi,fi,f? t0wftpm;

77

uvJ pkwfpkwfjywfjywfr[kwfbl;/ &kyfuav;uvJ oe&ly/ b,fvdkvkyfNyD;awmhrsm;

i,f&G,folawGu udk,fhudk,fudk,f owfao&ygvdrfhvdkU awG;rdjyefw,f/

'DrSmvnf; aumufcsufqGJjyrxm;ygbl;/ aumufcsufqGJjywm uAsmq&m&JU

tvkyfr[kwfbl;av/ uAsmq&mu olawGU&wm jrif&wmudkyJ wifjyw,f/

tcsuf tvufuav;udkyJ wifqufxm;w,f/ awG;&wJUtvkyfudk uRefawmfwdkU

pmzwfolawGyJ vkyfzkdU csefxm;w,f/ tbGm;BuD;bmvdkU udk,fhudk,fudk,f

owfao&ygvdrfh/ rdef;rysKdu aum/

tbGm;BuD;b0udk tqkH;pD&ifoGm;wmudk qif;&JEGrf;yg;vGef;vdkU qif;&JrI'Pf

rcHEdkif vGef;wmeJU BuH&mr& aemufqkH;'DvdkvkyfoGm;wmyJvdkU ajymEdkifw,f/ shabby

(pkwfjywf a[mif;EGrf;)? worn (EGrf;vs)? despairing (arQmfvifhcsuf uif;rJUae)

pwJU pum;vkH; awGu 'Dtjcif;t&mqDudk nTefjyaeMuw,f/ rdef;rysKdav;eJU

ywfoufvdkUuawmh qif;&J rGJawrInTef;wJU pum;vkH;rygbl;/ tJ'gawGtpm; sad

(aMuuGJ0rf;enf;)eJU appealing (wpfzufom;udk qGJaqmifEdkifpGrf;&SdwJU)

pum;vkH;wkdUudkyJ okH;xm;w,f/ 'Dawmh olUb0udk tqkH;pD&ifwm[m qif;&JrGJawrI

'Pf rcHEdkifvGef;awmhvdkU owfaowmrsKd;awmh r[kwfbl; qdkwmudk azmfjyovdk

jzpfaew,f/ 'gjzifh bmaMumifh owfao&ovJ/ tajzudk youngish

(i,fao;w,f) appealing pum;vkH;wkdUrSm &Sm&kHyJjzpfygw,f/ t&G,fuvJ i,f?

&kyfuvJ pGJrufp&mqdkawmh sad jzpfp&mtaMumif;u &SdaeNyD/ jrefrmpum;

]]vSav cufavqdkwmrsKd;aygh/ vSawmh cuf&mu aemufqkH; BuH&mr&jzpfNyD;

rdrdudk,frdrdtqkH;pD &ifoGm;ava&mhvm;/

'g[m pOf;pm;p&m wpfckrQjzpfygw,f/ axGjym;wJU uaeUodyÜHacwfBuD;rSm

pdwfrcdkifolrsm;tzkdU b0udk vufajrSmuft&IH;ay;csifp&m taMumif;awG teEå

&Sdaeygw,f/ *syefrSm? jyifopfrSm? t*FvefrSm EdkifiHwumrSm vli,fvl&G,fawG

78

udk,fhudk,fudk udk,fowf aoMuwJUtaMumif; udef;*Pef;awGeJU a&;om;Mu

wmrsm;udk zwfzl;Muygvdrfhr,f/ aqmif;yg;wpfyk'fa&;aewmom jzpf&ifawmh

'DtaMumif;w&m;wGudk pkHEdkiforQpkHatmif avhvmpkaqmif;a&;&ayvdrfhr,f/ tck

tJef&dkufwfuawmh uAsma&;aewmjzpfwJUtwGuf 'gawGudk aqG;aEG;p&mrvdkbl;/

aumufcsufqGJjyp&mvJ r&Sdbl;/ olUuAsmudk um&efygwJU aqmif;yg;tjzpfrcHEdkifbl;/

'gudk uRefawmfwkdU uAsmq&mrsm; owdrloifhw,f/

uAsmudk jrefrmvdka&;&mrSm olUrl&if;0g' t&SnfBuD;twdkif;rvdkufawmhbJ

wpfyg' udk ESpfyg' vkyfypfvdkufr,f/

jrpf&dk;ay:rSm

olUudk jrpfxJu qGJ,lcJUMuw,f/

aoaeaygh/

yifhulrQifeJU csKyfoDxm;wJU

&dk'dk'if'&efawGay: rSDavsmif;vkdU/

cyftdktdk rdef;rBuD;?

t0wfpkwfjywf udk;&dk;um;&m; ajctdwf?

EGrf;vs pdwftm;avsmhwJU rsufESm/

oltdkawG b,fvdkvkyf 'grsKd; jyK&vdrfh/

ck ESpfav;q,f vGefcJUNyD/

___rf jrpf&dk;rSm wifxm;wJU

oltdkrudk igjrifa,mifrd/

wpfcgxyfrH Munfhvdkufw,f/

olUudk jrpfxJu qGJ,lcJUMuw,f?

aoaeaygh?

79

yifhulrQifeJU csKyfoDxm;wJU

&dk'dk'if'&efawGay: rSDavsmif;vdkU/

cyfi,fi,f rdef;r?

t0wfa&pdk&TJ? udk;&dk;um;&m; ajctdwf?

aMuuJG? pGJrufp&m rsufESm/

vli,fawG b,fvdkvkyf 'grsKd;jyK&ygvdrfh/

'-*s-tJef&dkufwf

80

LORE

Job Davies, eighty­four

Winters old, and still alive

After the slow poison

And treachery of the seasons.

Miserable? Kick my arse!

It needs more than the rain's hearse,

Wind­drawn, to pull me off

The great perch of my laugh.

What's living but courage?

Paunch full of hot porridge,

Nerves strengthened with tea,

Peat­black, dawn found me

Mowing where the grass grew,

Bearded with golden dew.

Rhythm of the long scythe

Kept this tall frame lithe.

What to do? Stay green.

Never mind the machine,

Whose fuel is human souls,

Live large, man, and dream small.

R.S.Thomas

81

toufuav;&,fwJU &Snfapvdk

t*FvdyfuAsmq&mBuD; &-q axmrmhpf[m wuúodkvfu bJGU&NyD;aemuf

olUZmwd a0ve,fxJrSmyJ c&pf,mefbkef;BuD; vkyfaecJUolyg/ 'D&mpk&JUt"du

a0ve,fom;uAsm q&mBuD;wpfOD;jzpfygw,f/ a0ve,fom;wdkU&JU trsKd;om;

tarGtESpf? trsKd;om;p&dkufwkdUudk tBuD;tus,fvIHUaqmfol? tm;ay;olvJjzpfw,f/

a&S;rmhpf a[eD&JU uAsmrsm;[m tdkif,mvefjynf&JU aemufcHeJU tdkif,mvefjynf&JU

0ef;usifudk ay:vGifapovdk olUuAsm rsm;[mvJ a0ve,f&eHU oif;ysHU

aewwfw,f/ rsm;aomtm;jzifhaus;vufudk tajccHavH &SdNyD; a'oudkomru

'Da'ouvlawGtaMumif;? 'DvlawG&JU b0rSm vTrf;rdk;aewJU cHpm;rI awGtaMumif;

avhvmwifjyxm;wmawGygyJ/ bkef;BuD;qdkawmh xm0&bk&m;ocifeJU vlom;

taMumif;vJ a&;wwfoy/

tck wifqufr,fh uAsmrSm awmom;BuD;wpfa,muf&JU taumif;jrif0g'?

cyfMurf; Murf;aewwfwJU b0vrf;pOfwkdUudk azmfusL;xm;ygw,f/

acgif;pOf Lore qdkwm obm0Oya'o? ed,mr? bmom"avh&,fvdkU

t"dyÜm,f &w,f/ uAsmudk zwfMunfhMupdkU-

Job Davies a*smh a';AD;Zf? vlemrnfjzpfw,f/

eighty­five winters old &Spfq,fhig;aqmif;&SdNyD/ touf&Spfq,fhig;ESpf&SdNyD

vdkUajymwmyg/ jrefrmpum;rSm ]ESpftpm; ]rdk;udkokH;ovdk (]okH;ESpfokH;rdk; qdkwmrsKd;)

olwkdUu ]ESpftpm; ]aqmif;udkokH;wmygyJ/

and still alive touf&Sifwkef;yJ (0gusrqkH;ao;yg? atmufrSmqufzwf)

After the slow poison jznf;jznf;tqdyfoifh&jcif; (0gusrqkH;ao;)

And treachery of the seasons &moDwdkU&JU opömazmufrI?

&moDwdkUazmufjyef rI?

82

'DaemufqkH;ESpfyg'aygif;vdkufawmh Owk&moDwdkU&JU azmufvTJazmufjyefrI?

tqdyfoifhaprIwdkUaemufrSm (touf&Sifwkef;)vdkU&r,f/

Miserable? pdwfqif;&Jw,f[kwfvm;/ 'DupNyD;

uAsmq&muar;wJUtwGuf tbdk;BuD;ujyefvnfajzMum;[efa&;xm;ygw,f/

Kick my arse/ awmom;yDyD? qJa&;wdkif;xGmvdkufwJUpum;jzpfygw,f/

twdtus bmomjyef&&if ]]ighwifudk ajcaxmufeJU uefausmufvdkufyg

vdkUjzpfw,f/

It needs more than xufru vdktyfw,f? bmxufruvJ/ qufzwf

the rain's hearse wind­drawn av(rkefwdkif;)u (jrif;ozG,f) qGJvmwJU

rdk;&JU tokb,mOfxufru vdkr,f? rdk;udk tokb,mOfeJU EIdif;w,f? avrkefwdkif;udk

jrif;eJU EIdif;w,f? &lyutvuFmjzpfw,f/

to pull me off ighudkqGJcszkdU(vdkr,f)? b,fuqGJcsrSmvJ? qufzwf

The great perch of my laugh igh&JU &,farmjcif;qdkwJU

tdyfwef;BuD;uae ighudk qGJcsr,fqdk&if rkefwdkif;jrif;qGJwJUrdk; tokb,mOfxufru

vdkr,f/ (avrdk;avmufeJUawmh ighudk ighpHeef;uqGJcsvdkUr&bl;/) olUudk,fol

iSufeJUEIdif;w,f? &,farmjcif;udk opfudkif;eJUEIdif; w,f/

What's living but courage? touf&Snfjcif;qdkwm owådyJr[kwfvm;/

Paunch full of hot porridge qefjyKwfylylaEG;aEG;jynfhaewJU AdkufylBuD;/

AdkufylBuD;xJrSm qefjyKwfylylaEG;aEG;jynfhaew,f? aomufxm;w,faygh/ (vG,ful

atmif ]qefjyKwfvdkU a&;vdkufwmyg/ Porridge qdkwm oat qdkwJU rka,m*sKHudk

EdkUuav;eJU cyfyspfyspf jyKwfxm;wmyg/)

Nerves strengthened with tea vufzuf&nfeJU

cGeftm;jznfhxm;wJUtm&kH aMumrsm;? eAffaMumrsm;? vufzuf&nf[m

vludkvef;qef;vmapw,fqdkwm tm&kHaMumawGudk tm;jynfh

vef;qef;vmapwmudk ajymwmygyJ/

83

Peat­black opf&Gufap;vdk rnf;eufaewJU (vufzuf&nf)/ 'DrSmvJ

cyfvG,f vG,f ]opf&Gufap;vdkUjyefvdkufwmyg/ a&xJ ESpf&Snfvrsm; epfjrKyfaevdkU

aqG;jrnfhaewJU t&GufaqG;udk peat vdkUac:w,f/ xif;tjzpf rD;qdkufw,f/

obm0 ajrMoZmtjzpfokH; Muw,f/

dawn found me t&kPfOD;u ighudkawGUw,f/ ]t&kPfOD;rSm

ig'Dvdk&Sdaew,f qdkwmudk t*Fvdyfpum;rSm 'DvdkokH;ygw,f/ b,fvdkawGU&ovJ?

aemuftydk'f qufzwf

Mowing where the grass grew jrufawG aygufa&muf&mrSm

jruf&dwfaewmudk (t&kPfOD;u awGUw,f)

Bearded with golden dew a&Ta&mifESif;puf rkwfqdwfarT;eJU (jrufawG)

Rhythm of the long scythe (jruf&dwf&mrSmokH;wJU) wHpOf&SnfBuD;&JU

&pforfu

Kept this tall frame lithe a[m'Dt&yf&Snf&Snf udk,fcE¨mudk

(olUudk,folajym wm jzpfw,f) oGufoGuf vufvuf&Sdaeapw,f/ jruf&dwfvdkU

vloGufoGuf ayghyg;ae w,f/

What to do? bmvkyf&rvJ[kwfvm;? uAsmq&mu ar;vdkufvdkU

awmom;tbdk; BuD;uyJ yJUwif[yfvdkuf[ef a&;xm;wmygyJ/

Stay green pdrf;pdrf;vef;vef;aeyg/ t*FvdyfrSm pum;vkH;ESpfvkH;wnf;eJU

wmoGm; oavmuf jrefrmvdkrSm pum;tydkawGeJU jznfhpGufajymrS&r,fh

pum;rsKd;jzpfw,f/ opfyif pdrf;pdrf;awGMum; vIyf&Sm;oGm;vm vkyfudkifaexdkifyg

vdkUqdkvdkw,f/

Never mind the machine puf,Eå&m;udk ta&;rrleJU/ v,fxGefpuf

pwmawG[m b,favmuf jrefjrefqefqef vkyfudkifEdkifw,f? vludk tvkyf

oufomapw,fqdkayr,fh pufudktm;rudk;eJU? vludk,fwdkifvkyfrS usef;rmoefpGrf;

r,fvdkU qdkvdkwmjzpfw,f/

84

Whose fuel is human souls 'Dpuf,Eå&m;awGrSm okH;&wJUavmifpm[m

("mwfqD r[kwfbl;) vlU0dnmOfjzpfw,f/ pufuavmifpmtjzpf vlU0dnmOfudk

okH;w,fvdkUqdkvdkw,f/ t"dyÜm,ftrsKd;rsKd;aumufEdkifwJUtxJu wpfckuawmh

pufudkokH;aeawmh vlUpdwf[m wkH;oGm;w,f/ rxufjrufawmhbl;vdkU jzpfvdrfhr,f

Live large, man BuD;BuD;rm;rm;aeyg? udk,fhvl/ 'gvJ

t*Fvdyfpum;rSmwdkwdkeJU xdrdoavmuf jrefrmvdkrSmawmh csJUxGifajym&r,fh

pum;rsKd;jzpfw,f/ tvkyfrsm;rsm;vkyf? tpm;rsm;rsm;pm; ponfjzifhajymwmjzpfw,f

and dream small ao;ao;i,fi,f tdyfrufruf/ odyfpdwful;r,OfeJU?

arQmfrSef;csuf awG xm;raeeJU/ &wmeJU a&mifh&Jwif;wdrfygvdkU qdkvdkw,f/

uAsmq&m[m a0ve,fu awmifoltbdk;BuD;wpfOD;qD oGm;NyD; pum;

qdkav[ef? olUqDrSm touf&Snf&m temrJUaMumif; enf;aumif;vrf;aumif;

av;rsm; ajymjyygvdkU ar;jref;Munfhav[ef a&;zGJUxm;ygw,f/ wu,fhtawGUtBuKH

udk a&;zGJUxm;ovm;vJ rajymwwfbl;/ tbdk;BuD;trnfu a*smhbf a';AD;Zf?

toufu 84 ESpf&SdNyD/ oefwkef; jrefwkef;? rdk;xJavxJvkyfudkifvIyf&Sm;aewkef;yJeJU

wlygw,f/ 'ghaMumifh &moDOwk azmuf vTJazmufjyef jzpfaewm? &moDOwku

vludk tqdyfcwfovdk a&m*gay;aewmawmif raobl;? touf&Sifwkef;yJvdkU

zGJUw,f/

tbdk;BuD;udk ]tb? ckvdk rdk;awGavawGeJU tb 'ku©ra&mufbl;vm;vdkU

ar;vdkuf w,feJU wlygw,f/ 'DwGif tbdk;tdku ]eifhtar? 'Drdk;

'DavavmufeJUawmh igraoao;bl; uGvdkU jyefNyD; ajzvdkufygw,f/ 'gudkyJ

uAsmxJ jyefwifjyawmh uAsmtokH;tEIef;eJU ]ighudk &,f&,farmarmaewJU

b0uae jzKwfcsr,fqdk&ifawmh avrkefwdkif;qdkwJU jrif;uwJU rdk;tokb,mOf

avmufeJU qGJvdkU r&bl;uG? 'DxuftpGrf;aumif;wm vdkvdrfhr,fvdkU jyifa&;

vdkufwm jzpfygvdrfhr,f/

85

'Dae&mrSm ]&,farmjcif;qdkwJU ightdyfwef;qdkwmav;u oltouf&Sifa&;

rSDcdkae& wm &,farmjcif;jzpfw,fvdkU t"dyÜm,f&w,f/ jrefrmpum;ykH ]aysmfaysmfae

aocJudk owd&p&mjzpfw,f/

tbdk;BuD;u qufajymygw,f/ ]b0qdkwm owåd&SdzkdUyJuG? igawmhtdyf&mu

xvm w,fqdk&if rka,mpyg;jyKwf w0BuD;aomuf? vufzuf&nfaomufNyD;

wHpOfBuD; cyf&Snf &Snfwpfacsmif;eJU jrufawG&dwfawmhwmyJ? t&kPfwufvm&if

igtJovdkjruf&dwf tvkyf Murf;vkyfaewm awGU&r,f? &Trf;&Trf;-&Trf;&Trf;eJU

wHpOft&SnfBuD; wpftm;vTJvTJ&dwfaevdkU ig tckvdk zswfvwfayghyg;aewm? 'Dawmh

opfyifpdrf;pdrf;awGMum; vIyf&Sm;oGm;vmaeaygh uG? pufudkokH;awmh vlayghysuf

oGm;wm ayghuGm? puf&JUavmifpmtjzpf rif;&JU pdwf0nmOf udk auR;ae&wmyJ

jzpfoGm;vdrfhr,f? vlaysmhNyD; pdwfwkH;oGm;wmayghuGm? ta&;BuD;wmu rsm;rsm;pm;?

rsm;rsm;vkyfyJ udk,fhvla&? pdwful;awmhvJ odyfr,OfeJU? BuD;BuD;us,fus,fvJ

rarQmfvifheJU? a&mifh&Jwif;wdrfwm okcyJuG,fh ygwJU/

pufrIeJU ywfoufeJU tbdk;tdk&JU t,ltqudk axmufcHcsifrS

axmufcHcsifMuvdrfh r,f/ wdkif;jynftwGuf vkyfaewmqdk&ifawmh pdkufysKd;a&;rSm

pufrI okH;&rSmayghav/ 'g jiif;p&m rvdkygbl;/ 'gayr,fhrdrdusef;rma&;twGuf

udk,fusef; pdwf&Tifa&;twGuf pdkufwmysKd;wmqdk&ifawmh olajymovdk

rdrdudk,ftm;udk tokH;cswmyJ avhusifhcef;rnfay vdrfhrnf/ &-q axmarmhpf[m

uRefawmfwkdU jrefrmaus;vufu awmifolv,form;BuD; awGtpOftvm ,kHMunf

vufcHvmMuNyD;jzpfwJU Moumoavmuudk cspfjrwfEdk;pdwf? opfyifoD;ESHawGMum;?

rdk;aveJU eyrf;vkH;&if; cdkifrmoefpGrf; pdwf"mwfMunfvifwJU tavh? aysmfaysmfae

aocJqdkwJU cH,lcsuf? a&mifh&Jwif;wdrfjcif;qdkwJU rGefjrwfwJU oDvwkdUudkyJ

a0ve,fom;wkdU&JU &dk;&m&Iaxmifhuae zGJUqdkxm;w,fvdkU qdk&vdrfhr,f/

olUrl&if; t*FvdyfuAsmu wpfyg'rSm tu©&majcmufvkH;? ckESpfvkH;?

yxryg'eJU 'kwd,yg'? wwd,eJU pwkw¦um&ef,lygw,f/ tJ'Dtwdkif;BudK;pm;NyD;

jrefrmvdk a&;csMunfh Mur,f-

86

bmomp&dkuf

a*smhbf a';AD;Zf? &Spfq,fhav;

aqmif;&SdNyD?l &moDwkdU&JU

azmufjyefwm? jznf;jznf;tqdyfauR;wm

aemuf touf&Sifwkef;om/

pdwfqif;&Jp- [kwfvm;? eifhtar?

igh &,farmoH tdyfwef;uae

ighudk qGJcszkdU? av qGJwJU

rdk; romvSnf;ru vdkruG,fh/

touf&Sifw,fqdkwm owådyJ r[kwfvm;?

rka,mjyKwf jynfhaewJU Adkufylum;?

t&GufaqG;rnf;euf vufzuf&nfeJU

tm;jynfhtm&kHaMumawGeJU ighudk t&kPf[muG,fh

a&Ta&mifESif;pufrkwfqdwfeJU jrufawG

ayguf&mrSm jruf&dwfaewm awGU&ay/

wHpOf&SnfBuD;&JU &pforfu

'Dt&yf&SnfcEmudk oGufapoAs/

bmvkyf&r,f [kwfp? pdrf;vef;ap?

pufudk ta&;pdkufeJUav?

olUavmifpm vlU 0dnmOfyJ?

BuD;BuD; aexkdif? ao;ao; tdyfruf/

&-q axmrmhpf

87

SONNET

The winter deepening, the hay all in

The barn fat with cattle, the apple­crop

Conveyed to market or the fragrant bin,

He thinks the time has come to make a stop

And sinks half­grudging in his firelit seat.

Though with his heavy body's full consent.

In what would be the posture of defeat.

But for that look of rigorous content.

Outside, the night dives down like one great crow

Against his cast­off clothing where it stands

Up to the knees in miles of hustled snow.

Flapping and jumping like a kind of fire

And floating skyward its abandoned hands

In gestures of invincible desire.

Richard Wilbur

v,form;eJU aqmif;

aqmif;&moDrSm v,f,mvkyfudkifolwkdU csrf;csr;fpD;pD;xJ tvkyfvkyfudkif&ykH?

aexdkif&ykHwdkUudk zGJUwJU uAsmawG jrefrm uAsmxJrSm trsm;tjym;&Sdygw,f/ Oyrm

]]aqmif;OD;umv ESif;usaom tcg? awmifydkifxJudk wufNrJ EGm;wpf&m/

bJawmifEGm;0g? EGm;jymcsKdukyf tpcsDwJU ya'o&mZm&JU awmifydkifwuf wsmbGJU?

]]ab;tdwfu,fvQKd? aq;vdyfwdk em;rSm xdk;ygvdkU? awmif&dk;rSm aepmyla&mhxifh

tpcsDwJU aESmif;acwfpmqdkwpfOD;&JU av;csKd;/

88

tck tar&duefjynfaxmifpk&JU vuf&Sd awmf0ifpmqdk (Poet Laureate)

&pfcs'f 0dvbm&JU aqmif;&moDzGJUuAsmudk zwfMunfh&atmif/ uAsmudk oD;jcm;

acgif;pOfay;rxm;? Sonnet vdkUyJ wyfxm;w,f/ Sonnet qdkwm a'G;csKd;?

av;csKd;? aw;xyfqdkovdk t*Fvdyf uAsm ykHoP²mefwpfck&JU trnfrQ jzpfw,f/

The winter deepening aqmif;&moD[m euf&Idif;onfxuf

euf&Idif;vmaevsuf/

The hay all in jrufajcmuftm;vkH; trdk;tumatmuf oGif;,lNyD;

jzpfvsuf (olwkdUqDrSm aqmif;&moDqdk&if jrif;? EGm;? wd&pämefwkdUudk

trdk;tumatmuf xm;&ovdk? olwkdU&JU pm;p&m jrufajcmufudkvJ

trdk;tumatmuf oGif;xm;&ygw,f/ ywf0ef;usifrSmu ESif;zwfawGcsnfhudk/)

The barn fat with cattle pyg;usD(wif;ukyf)[m uRJEGm;wkdUeJU 0vsuf?

uRJEGm;awGeJU jynfhazmif;vsuf/

the apple­crop &dyfodrf;NyD; yef;oD;awGudk

Conveyed to market aps;udk o,faqmifNyD;NyD? ydkUaqmifNyD;NyD/

or the fragrant bin &eHUoif;wJU odkavSmifcef;xJ (o,faqmifNyD;NyD)

He thinks olu xifw,f(b,fvdkxifovJ)

the time has come to make a stop &yfem;orIjyKzdkU

tcsdefusa&mufcJUNyDvdkU (olu xifw,f)/ 'DrSm yxrwpfykd'f qkH;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh

pmom;uawmh rqkH;ao;bJ 'kwd,tydk'fudk qufoGm;ygw,f/ t*FvdyfuAsmwdkU

xkH;pHygyJ/

And sinks xdkifcsvdkufw,f (twdtusuawmh ]rdrd&JUcEmudk,fBuD;udk

ESpfcsvdkufw,f&,f vdkU jzpfygw,f)

half­grudging ESajrmwpf0ufeJU? rxdkifcsifhxdkifcsifeJU (v,form;BuD;[m

tvkyfeJUvufrjywf atmif vkyfudkifvIyf&Sm;aewwfoljzpfw,f? 'gaMumifhxdkifNyD;

em;&rSmudk ESmajrmwGefUwdkaerdw,f)

89

in his firelit seat rD;zdk&JU tvif;a&mif jzmcaewJU

xdkifckHay:(xdkifcsvkdufw,f)

Though with his heavy body's full consent «tJovdkxdkifcsrSmudk

pdwfurygvSayr,fh) av;vHwJU (0zdkifhzdkifh) olUcE¨mudk,f&JU tjynfht0

axmufcHrIeJUygyJ? xdkifcs&rSmudk pdwfurygayr,fh 0NzD;wJU cEmudk,fuawmh

axmufcHygowJU»

In what would be the posture of defeat (olxdkifcsvdkufwJU ykHyef;u)

t&IH; ay;wJU? vufavQmhwJUykHyef;rsKd;jzpfw,f/ (tvkyfudkrEdkifawmhvdkU vufajrSmuf

t&IH;ay; olrsm; 'Dvdk xdkifcsypfwwfw,f)

But for that took of rigorous content pdwftm; xufoefjyif;jywJU

auseyfrI toGiftjyifom r&SdcJU&if (pdwfysuf t&IH;ay;olxdkifcsykHrsKd; jzpfvdrfhr,f/

ckawmh 'DauseyfrI toGifaMumifhtvkyfudk t&IH;ay;wmvdkU ajymvdkUr&awmhbl;)

Outside jyifbufrSmawmh/

the night dives down n[m 'dkifAifxdk;NyD; usqif;vmw,f (&kwfw&uf

nusa&muf vmwmudkyJ 'dkifAifxdk;qif;vmw,fvdkUzGJUygw,f)

like one great crow &mrusD;uef;wpfaumifES,f (neJU usD;uef;udk

EIdif;,SOfyg w,f)

Against his cast­off clothing ol&JU pGefUypfxm;wJU t0wftpm;qD

('dkifAifxdk;cs w,f)

where it stands tJ'Dt0wftpm;cRwfypfxm;&mqD

('dkifAifxdk;qif;vmw,f)

Up to the knees 'l;qpfjrKyfwJUtxd

in miles of hustled snow wGef;xdk;cH ESif;zwfwdkU rdkifaygif;rsm;pGm

(pkykHae&mqD) (ESif;zwfawGudk avu wdkufxkwfypfvdkU? ajrBuD;ay: [dka&TU'Da&TU

jzpfae&ygw,f/ 'DESif;awGu 'l;qpfjrKyfavmufatmif xlxJaew,f? tJ'Day:udk

t0wftpm;u wnf&Sdae[ef zGJUqdkxm;w,f)

90

Flapping and jumping awmifyHcwfum ckefqGckefqG vkyfumeJU

like a kind of fire rD;wpfrsKd;vdk (ESif;zwfqdkwJU tat;"mwfudkyJ rD;qdkwJU

tyl"mwfeJU EIdif;w,f)

And floating skyward aumif;uifqD arsmvGifhapw,f

(bmawGudkarsmvGifhapovJ? qufzwf)

its abandoned hands pGefUypfxm;wJU vufawGudk

(aumif;uifqDvGifharsmapw,f)

In gestures of invincible desire csKd;ESdrfr&wJU tmom&r®uf&JU

[efyefrsm;eJU (vufawGudk aumif;uifqD vGifharsmqefUwef;aeapw,f)

uAsmudk tydkif;ESpfydkif;cGJNyD; a&;zGJUxm;w,f/ yxrydkif;u v,form;BuD;

&JUtaMumif;? 'kwd,ydkif;u jyifyrdk;av&JUtaMumif;? v,form;BuD;u jrufajcmuf

awGvJ trdk;tumatmuf a&mufNyD/ EGm;awGudkvJ wif;ukyfxJoGif;NyD;NyD/

yef;oD;awGudkvJ aps;ydkUwefydkU? usDusxJxnfhodrf; wefwm odrf;NyD;NyDvdkU awG;rdum

tm;&auseyfpGmeJU tem;,lawmhr,fvdkU xdkifcsvdkufw,fwJU/ "ed,okwfxJu

"ed,EGm;ausmif;om;&JU awG;awmykHuav;eJU wlyifwlao;awmhw,f/ "ed,

EGm;ausmif;om;u ]]xrif;csufNyD;NyD? þr[Djrpfurf;yg;ü taygif;toif;wkdUESifh

igae\? wif;ukyf udkrdk;NyD;NyD? rD;udknSdNyD;NyD? &Gmvdk&Gmavmh? rdk;ewfom;vdkU

a<u;aMumfcJUw,f/ EGm;awGudk wif;ukyfxJ oGif;wmeJU("ed,uawmh)tjyifrSm

BudK;csnfxm;cJUwm? wpfa,mufu aqmif;ESif;? wpfa,muf urdk;udk

BuKHBudKuf&wmcsif;yJ uGmjcm;&JU/ tJ-"ed,ujrpfpGmbk&m;eJU awGUNyD; o&P*kH

wnfoGm; cJUwmvJ uGmjcm;rIyJyav/

'kwd,tydk'frSm jyifyrdk;avudk zGJU&mrSm aqmif;&moDrdkU ESif;zwfawG

usoGef;aeykHudk xl;jcm; atmif a&;zGJUxm;w,f/ ESif;zwfawG[m ajrjyifwpfvTm;rSm

'l;qpfjrKyfavmufatmif usaew,f/ 'gudkyJ avuwtm;wdkufaeawmh ESif;zwf

awG[m [dkvGifh'DarsmeJU ajy;vTm;ae[efxif&w,f/ tJ'Dtay:udk nusa&muf

vmw,f/ 'DvdkESif;jyifay:nusa&mufvmwmudkyJ pGefUypfxm;wJU t0wfykHay:

usD;uef;wpfaumif'dkifAifxdk;qif;vmwmeJU EIdif;cdkif;vdkufw,f/ tifrwefxdrdwJU

91

edrdwfykHwpfykHjzpfoGm;w,f/ 'geJU rNyD;ao;bl;/ avw[l;[l; wdkufae&mrSm

t0wfpkwfawG[m awmifyHcwf[ef? ckefqGckefqG vkyfae[efl xif&w,f/

'Davmufat;jrwJU tcg&moDrSm rD;vQHawG avmifuRrf;aewmeJU wlyifwlao;

awmhowJU/ t0wfpavvGifhaeykHu csKd;ESdrfr&wJU qE´&r®ufeJU rdk;qD vufajrSmuf

aeykHeJU wljyefowJU/

'DwGif uRefawmfwdkU awGU&wmu 'D 'kwd,ydkif;rSm jyifyavmut0dnmPu

ESif;zwfeJU nudkzGJUaew,fvdkUxifaewm vludkzGJUaewmygvm;&,fvdkU oabmayguf

rd&wmygyJ/ apmapmu v,form;BuD;[m tvkyfeJU vufeJU rjywfol? em;&rSmudkyJ

wGefUwdkolvdkU zwfcJU&NyD/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh b0wPSmjyif;xefolvdkU rSwfcsufcs

&rSmaygh/ tckaemufqkH;tydk'frSm olvTifhypf xm;wJU t0wfpkwfudkuyJ avwdkufvdkU

vIyfvGifhae&mrSm b0wPSmjyif;jyaeav[ef awGUMu&jyef w,f/ b0wPSmqdkwm

touf&Sif&yfwnfa&;twGuf &kef;ueftm;xkwfwJUaZmygyJ/ v,form; BuD;[m

b0&yfwnfa&;? toufqufa&; wdkufyGJtwGuf b,favmufawmif xufoef

aew,f qdkwmudk tifrwefxufjrufwJU edrdwfykHeJU azmfusL;xm;wmyJ jzpfyg

awmhw,f/

]aqmEéwfvdkU acgif;pOfwyfxm;wJUtwdkif;? rl&if;uAsma&;zJGUykHu wpfyg'

(wpfaMumif;rSm) tu©&m 10 vkH;ygw,f/ £,rÁrMwmudk okH;xm;w,fav/

wpfyg'jcm; um&ef,lxm;w,f/ yg' 14ckyg0ifw,f/ bmomjyefrSmawmh

olUenf;pepftwdkif; rvdkufEdkifawmhygbl;/ jzpfovdkyJ vGwfvyfuAsm ykHpH

wifqufvdkufygw,f/

aqmEéwf

aqmif; euf&Idif;vm? jrufajcmuftm;vkH; txJrSm?

v,fwJ EGm;eJU azmif;? yef;oD;cl;&orQ

aps;udk? arT;BudKif usDxJudk a&mufNyDrdkU

&yfem;csdef usNyDvdkU ol xifrdum?

92

rD;zdktvif;c ckHay: ESajrmwpf0uf xdkifcsrd?

av;vH olUudk,f&JU cGifhjyKcsuf tjynfheJUy?

tm;avQmhvdkufwJU taetxm;rsKd;ygay?

jyif;xefauseyfrI toGifaMumifhom r[kwf&if/

jyifbufrSm n[m &mrusD;wpfaumif

pGefUypf t0wfqDES,f 'dkufAifxdk;cs?

wGef;xdk;cH ESif;zwf rdkiftrsm; 'l;xd epf&my/

awmifyHacwf ckefqG? rD;wpfrsKd;ES,f?

vTifhypf vufawG rdk;qD vGifharsm?

tEdkifrcH &r®uf&JU vuf[efrsm;/

&pfcs'f pDvbm

93

A STRANGE WIND

A strange wind is blowing, dust fills our eyes;

We turn and walk the unintended way.

We press our sore eyes and reopen them

to expanded horizons, to a new day.

The narrow circle of our cherished experience breaks,

our trusted gods dissolve and ghosts vanish,

disembodied voices announce the world news­

we see the hidden side of the moon;

the dead man's eye transfers to the living;

the atom splits and the nightingale croaks;

economics opposes charity,

law protects wizards and forbids justice;

the small nation shouts, and the big one brags;

futile raids cease, and global wars commence;

and the rude son strikes the father......

Timothy Wangusa

(Uganda)

umvajymif;jyef

rEåav;acwf&JU aw;uAsmrsm;eJU uRrf;0ifolwdkif; tJ'Dacwfu

u0dtausmftarmfrsm; jzpfMuwJU pavOD;ykn? tcsKyfwef;q&maz polwkdU&JU

uvd,k*fzGJU uAsmrsm;qdkwmudk NyKH;rdMuzl; r,f/ ckacwfBuD;rSm (olwkdUwpfawG&JU

acwfBuD;rSm) a&S;&dk;pOfvmawG ysufjym;um vmu uajymif;ujyefawG

jzpfukefMuNyD jzpfaMumif;? arsmufuvludk ajcmufumolcdk;u vlvl[pfNyD;

]bl;awmif;epfvdkU apmifcsrfay:&NyD jzpfaMumif;pwJU tzJGUrsm; jzpfygw,f/

94

olwkdUacwfu acwfpm;wJU aw;xyfeJUa&;zGJUMuwmrsm;w,f/ erlemtjzpf

q&mpav&JU aw;xyfwpfydk'frSm-

]umvES,f qdk;ygbd?

olcdk;u vlvl?

awmavhayguf eef;rl?

tdrfoludk nfhapmif;?

olaumif;udk ouú&mZfwif?

awmif,m&Sif arsmuf vdkufvdkUarmif;?

av;wpf&mqD rSefvQif

a&eHavmuf raumif;

pojzifh a&;xm;wmrsKd;/

aw;wyftjyif pmwrf;? av;csKd;BuD; ponfwkdUeJU uvd,k*fzGJU

a&;Muwmrsm;vJ awGU&ao;w,f/ zdk;olawmfOD;rif;? usnf;uef&SifBuD;? ipOfhyg

q&mawmfpolwkdU a&;zGJUMuwmawGygyJ/ pmqdkawG[m udk,fa&mufaewJUacwfudk

tjypfjrifMuNyD; a&S;a&S;acwfuvdk r,Ofaus;bl;/ a&S;&JUaumif;jrwfwJU tpOftvm

awG uG,fyukefNyDvdkU acwfwdkif;rSm nnf;cJUMuw,feJU wlygw,f/ rEåav;acwf?

tr&yl& acwfwifrubl; onfhxufwufoGm;vJ 'Dwdkif;awGU&rSmyJ/ 'gaMumifh

bk&m; vufxufu aumovrif;BuD; tdyfrufqdkwm &SdcJUwmaygh/

'Dtcsufudk urÇmhEdkifiHwdkif;rSm awGU&w,f/ &SdwfpyD;,m;&JU pmtrsm;pk[m

uvd,k*fnnf; csif;awGygyJ/

tck tmz&duwdkuf ,l*E¨mEdkifiHu uAsmq&m&JU uvd,k*fzGJU

aw;uAsmwpfyk'fudk azmfjyvdkw,f? uAsmtrnf-

A strange wind wJU/ avxl;avqef;? xl;qef;wJU rkefwdkif;?

avpdrf;pojzifh qdkvdk w,f/

95

A strange wind is blowing avxl;avqef;? olpdrf;qefwJU

avrkefwdkif;? wdkufae usr[kwfwJUav? wdkufcwfaew,f/

dust fills our eyes igwkdU rsufpdawGudk zkefjynfhukefaygh?

rsufpdxJzkef0ifaygh/

We turn and igwdkUvSnfhum

walk the uninterided way &nf&G,f&if; r[kwfwJUvrf;udk

avQmufMu&aygh

We press our sore eyes emaewJU rsufpdawGudk (vufeJU)zdum

and reopen them rsufvkH;awGudk zGifhMunfhvdkuf&ifawmh

(bmawGudkjrif&ovJqdk&if)

to expanded horizons wdk;csJUxm;wJU rdk;ukwfpuf0dkif;awG

to a new day acwfopf (wdkUudk jrif&w,f)

rSwfcsuf/ / t*Fvdyfvdk a&;xm;ykHu ]wdk;csJUxm;wJU

rdk;ukwfpuf0dkif;awGqD? acwfopf qD rsufpdrsm;udk jyefzGifhvdkufw,fvdkU jzpfw,f/

jrefrmjyef&mrSm 'DtpDtpOfudk ajymif;ypfvdkuf w,f/

The narrow circle of our cherished experience

igwkdUjrwfEdk;wJUtawGUtBuKH puf0dkif;usOf;usOf;/ igwkdU&JU a&S;&dk;pOfvm todynm

A[kokw[m r<u,f0vSygbl;? 'gayr,fh igwkdU jrwfEdk;w,f/ ckawmh a&S;&dk;pOfvm

A[kokwynmav;[m....

breaks usKd;aygufcJU&NyD (acwfopfynm A[kokw<u,f0wmaMumifh

a&S;&dk;pOfvm todynmqdkwmawG tvum; jzpfukef&NyDvdkU qdkvdkw,f/)

our trusted gods dissolve igwkdU ,kHMunftm;xm;cJUMuwJU ewfawGvJ

uG,fcJU&NyD/

and ghosts vanish wapäawGvJ aysmufuG,f&NyD/ 0dnmOfac:rI

pwJU,kHMunfrIawG uG,f aysmufukefNyD/

96

disembodied voices udk,fcEmrJUwJU toHawGu

announce the world news urÇmhowif;udk aMunmaeNyD (a&'D,dku

owif; aMunmwmudk ajymwm)

We see the hidden side of the moon v&JU uG,faewJUbuf

(rjrif&wJU [dkbufwpf jcrf;)udkigwkdU jrifMu&NyD/

the dead man's eye aool&JUrsufvkH;u

transfers to the living ouf&SdvlqD ajymif;a&TUoGm;NyD (rsufvkH;tpm;xdk;

wyfqif wmudk qdkvdkw,f)

the atom splits tufwrfuGJwm (tPkjrLpGrf;tm; xkwfvkyfrI)?

tufwrf&JU EsLudvd ,mpfudk cGJvdkufawmh pGrf;tifwpfykHwpfacgif; xGufvmwm?

EsLuvD,m zpf&Sifudk ajymwm/

and the nighthingale croaks Edkufwifa*;vfqdkwJU

tifrweftoHomwJU iSufuzm;vdk tkHUtif-tkHUtifvdkU atmfawmhw,f/

'gvJuaeUacwf ZD0aA' prf;oyfrI&JU atmifjrifcsufwpfckyg yJ/

economics opposes charity abm*aA' 'geudk qefUusifaew,f/

law protects wizards pkef;ua0(arSmfq&m) wkdUudk Oya' u

umuG,faew,f/

and forbids justice w&m;rQwrIudk wm;jrpf[efUwm;aew,f/

the small nation shouts EdkifiHi,fuav;u (tr,fav;)

atmfae&w,f/

and the big one brags EdkifiHBuD;uawmh 0g<um;aeavw,f/

futile raids cease tcsnf;ESD;0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufrIrsm; &yfpJNyD/

a&S;wkef;uawmh wpfe,fuwpfe,f usL;ausmf0ifa&mufwmawG &SdcJUw,f/

wdkufcdkufNyD; udk,fht&yf udk,fjyefMuwmyJ/ e,fajrpdk;rdk;wm&,fvdkU r&SdcJUbl;/

txl;ojzifh olwdkUtmz&du vlrsKd;pkawG tcsif;csif; jzpfaeusaygh/ 'gaMumifh

]tcsnf;ESD; 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufrI vdkUqdkw,f/

97

and global wars commence urÇmhppfyGJawG pwifukefNyD/

and the rude son rdkuf&dkif;wJUom;

strikes the father tazudk &dkufNyD

a&S;&dk;tpOftvmudk jrwfEdk;ol tmz&dwdkufom;wpfOD;u odyÜHynm

xGef;um;aewJU uaeUacwfopfBuD;udk uajymif;ujyefacwfBuD;&,fvdkU jrifum

nnf;nLvdkufykH a&;zGJUxm;wmyJ jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh odyÜHynm wdk;wuf

vmwmwifrubJ vlrIa&;? ,Ofaus;rIawGyg a&S;eJUrwl azmufjyefvmwmudkvnf;

nnf;wGm;oGm;ao;w,f/ uAsmudk a&;zGJUykHu [moqefqefuav;rdkU uRefawmf

wkdUwpfawG yxrawmh NyKH;rdMu&ao;w,f/ aemufrS ajym&if;ajym&if;

av;eufvmNyD; olajymwm t[kwfom;ygvm;vdkU todw&m;0ifum ausmcsrf;oGm;

rd&awmhw,f/

avxl;avqef; wdkufaew,fqdkwm ywf0ef;usif tajctae ajymif;vJae

wmudk qdkvdkwm jzpfygw,f/

acwftajctaeudk olUvdk a&S;&dk;orm;u r0ifqHUaewmudk avaMumifh

rsufpdxJ zkef0if& w,fvdkU a&;zGJUygw,f/ a&S;&dk;twdkif; rvdkufEdkifawmhwmudk

&nf&G,f&if; r[kwfwJUvrf; vdkufae& w,fvdkU zGJUw,f/ acwfopfrSm

todynme,fy,f? pD;yGm;a&;e,fy,f? vlrIa&;e,fy,fus,fvm wmudk wkd;csJU

vmwJU rdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;awGvdkU qdkvdkwmyg/ 'DawmhbmjzpfovJ/ olwkdUa&S;&dk;pOfvm

vufqifhurf;vmMuwJU todynmav;eJU rjzpfawmhbl;/ olwkdU&JUa&S;&dk;todawG

acwfrSdefukefMu&NyD/ ewfudk;uG,frIawGqdkwm &,fp&mjzpfukef&NyD/ 'Dwif odyÜHynm

wdk;wufykHudk Oyrmjyygw,f/ cE¨mudk,frygbJ urÇmhowif;vTifhowJU/ rjrif&wJU

vwpfbufjcrf;udk tmumo,mOfxJu "mwfykH &dkufjyowJU/ vlaorsufvkH;eJU

vlaumif;rSm tpm;xdk;wyfqifay;owJU/ tufwrfudk cGJjyowJU/ aw;oDiSufudk

zm;oHatmfatmfvkyfjyowJU/

NyD;awmhrS (odyÜHynmpGrf;yum;udk &,fp&mvdk ajymjyNyD;umrS pD;yGm;a&;?

EdkifiHa&;wkdUudk qufajymygw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;tjrift& axmufyHUulnDa&;qdkwm

98

rjzpfEdkifygbl;wJU (iwfaewJU EdkifiHawGudk ulnD&r,fhtpm; *sKHawGudk rD;&IdUypfwmrsKd;

Oya'u pkef;ua0 (rw&m;jyKol)awGudk umuG,fay;aeowJU/ w&m;rQwrI

r&Sdbl;wJU/ EdkifiHi,fawG'ku©a&muf/ EdkifiHBuD;awG <um;0g aeowJU/

e,fcsif;0ifvkwmrsKd;r&SdawmhbJ urÇmppfawG jzpfukefowJU/ om;rdkufu zatudk

&dkufowJU/ 'DrSmwif uRefawmfwkdU rsufvkH;jyL;&awmhwmyJ/ olajymaewm

[kwfom;ygvm;/ 0dyÜwåd acwfBuD;ygvm;vdkU vefUzsyfoGm;rd&awmhw,f/

'gayr,fh 'gtxufem;u axmufjycJUovdk ckacwfrS jzpfwmawmh

r[kwfacsbl;/ ya0 a&S;uwnf;u 'DvdkjrifcJU? nnf;nLcJUMuwmcsnfh/ acwf

tqufquf'Dvdktqdk;awGeJU taumif; awG wGJaewmcsnf;/ ckacwfrSm urÇmppf

qdkwmvJ ESpfBudrfjzpfNyD;aemuf xyfrHjzpfzdkU r&Sdao;ygbl;/ om;u zatudk

&dkufwmvJ &Sm;rS &Sm;rQom/ &dkufwmrajymeJU owfwmrsKd;awmif ya0a&S;uvnf;

tZmwowf vufxufu &SdcJUao;wmyJ/

jrefrmvdk uAsmjyefa&;MunfhMu&atmif

avxl;avqef;

avtqef;wdkufae? wdkUrsufvkH; zkefjynfh?

vSnfhNyD;? r&nf&G,fwJUvrf; avQmufrdMu?

rsufpdemudk zdxm;? jyefzGifhvdkufawmh

wkd;csJUrdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;rsm;? acwfopf/

jrwfEdk;wJU tawGUtBuKH? puf0dkif;usOf; uGJ&?

udk;pm;&m ewfwdkU uG,f? wapäwdkU aysmuf?

udk,frJUtoHrsm;u urÇmhowif; aMunm?

v&JU uG,faewJU tjcrf;udk jrifMu&/

aoolUrsufvkH; &SifolUqD a&TUajymif;/

tufwrf uGJ? Edkufwifa*;vf tkHUtifatmf/

abm*aA'u 'geudkqefUusif?

99

Oya' ua0udk umuG,f? w&m;udk jrpfwm;/

EdkifiHi,fu atmf? EdkifiHBuD;u <um;/

tcsnf;ESD;0if&dkufyJG Nidrf;? urÇmppfwkdU p/

om;rdkuf zcifudk &dkufESufaygh ....

wif;roD 0ef*kq

(,k*E¨m)

100

TWO GIRLS SINGING

It neither was the words nor yet the tune.

Any tune would have done it and any words.

Any listener or no listener at all.

As nightingales in rocks or a child crooning

in its own world of strange awakening

or larks for no reason but themselves.

So on the bus through late November running

by yellow lights tormented, darkness falling,

the two girls sang for miles and miles together

and it wasn't the words or tune. It was the singing.

It was the human sweetness in that yellow,

the unpredicted voices of our kind.

Ian Crichton Smith

oDcsif;av;waMumfaMumf

oDcsif;qdkw,f? wl&d,mypönf;wpfckck wD;rIwfw,f? uAsmpyfw,f? yef;csD

qGJw,fqdkwJU tEkynmtvkyfqdkwm olrsm;twGuf jzpfEdkifovdk b,folUtwGufrS

r[kwf rdrdwpfOD;wnf; twGufvJ jzpfEdkifao;w,f/ ysif;vdkUaysmfvdkU oDcsif;uav;

nnf;rd? [pfrdw,f/ wpfudk,fwnf;rdkU *pfwmav; acgufaerdw,f/ pdwfajy

vufaysmuf a&aq;um;av;wpfum; a&;aerdw,fqdkwm rdrdwpfOD;wnf;twGuf

vkyfwmyJaygh/ jrefrmpum;rSm ]a&csKd;cef;rif;om;qdkwm &Sdygw,f/ vla&SU ola&SUrSm

b,feHa&m tcgurS oDcsif;wpfyk'f rqdkzl;wJUol? a&csKd;cef;xJa&mufawmhrS

wHcg;tvkH ydwfNyD; tm;&yg;& oDcsif;[pfawmhwmrsKd;udk &nfnTef;wmjzpfygw,f/

101

olUMunfEl;rIol&SmaewmyJy/ tvm;wl awmifay:wuf&if;? v,fuGif;xJqif;&if;

oli,fcsif;wpfpk aw;aMumfwwfMuwm[m vJ tJ'Dtwdkif;yJ jzpfw,f/

'Dvdk b,folUudkrS r&nfpl;? udk,fhbmomudk,f wpfa,mufwnf; 'grSr[kwf

udk,fhtaygif; toif;eJUudk,f wpfpkwnf; aw;qdkMuwm[m aumif;csifvJ

aumif;r,f? raumif;csifvJ raumif; aybl;/ avhusifhxm;wJU tqdkawmf

rSr[kwfwm/ raumif;zdkU ydkrsm;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh aumif; aumif; raumif;aumif;

tEkynm? twwfynm &IaxmifhurMunfhbJ ajym&&if MunfEl;p&m?

aysmfp&maumif;wmuawmh trSefyJjzpfw,f/ 'DtaMumif;udk uAsmq&m

tD,efu&dkufwef prpfofu uAsmav;wpfyk'f a&;zGJUjyxm;w,f/ zwfMunfygbd/

acgif;pOfu Two Girls Singing rdef;uav;ESpfa,muf oDcsif;qdkMujcif;-

wJU/

It neither was the words (oDcsif;pmom;)pum;vkH;awGvJ r[kwfygbl;/

(pmom;u aumif;aewm r[kwfbl;)

nor yet the tune oDcsif;aw;oGm;tvdkufvJ r[kwfygbl;/ (oDcsif;tvdkuf

uav;u om,mvdkUvJ r[kwfbl;)

any tune would have done b,fvdk aw;oGm;tvdkufyJjzpfjzpf

tvkyfjzpfrSmyg yJ/ (aumif;rSmygyJ)

any listener em;axmifwJUol &Sd&Sd

or no listener at all em;axmifwJUol vkH;0r&Sd&Sd (aumif;rSmygyJ?

aumifrav; awGuqdkMurSmygyJ)

As nightingales in rocks ausmufaqmifawGxJu

Edkufwifa*;vfiSufrsm;vdk

or a child crooning uav;i,fav;wpfa,muf aw;nnf;aeovdk

(0gusrqkH; ao;? b,fvdkaw;nnf;aewmvJ? qufzwf)

in its own sorld of strange awakening tqef;wMu,f

Edk;xvmcJU&wJU olUudk,fydkifurÇmav;xJrSm (vlBuD;rsm;tzdkUawmh

102

urÇmavmuBuD;[m bmrSrqef; awmhygbl;? uav;i,frsm;tzdkUrSmawmh

urÇmavmuBuD;[m topftqef; BuD;jzpfaew,f? tcsdefra&G; 0ef;usifudk

Munfhrdwdkif; urÇmavmuBuD;[m opfqef; aeNyD; 'Dopfqef;wJU urÇmavmuxJ

tdyf &mu Edk;vm&ovdk uav;rSm cHpm;&ygw,f/ 'gudk

]tqef;wMu,fEdk;xvmwJU urÇmavmuvdkU zGJUxm;wmyg)

or larks bDvkH;iSufrsm;vdk

for nor reason bmtaMumif;aMumifhrS r[kwfbJ

but for themselves olwkdUtwGufolwkdU? rdrdwdkUtwGufyJ olwkdU

(aw;oDMuw,f)

So tJovdk (Edkufwifa*;vfiSufrsm;vdk uav;i,fvdk? bDvkH;iSufrsm;vdk)

on the bus bwfpfum;ay:rSm

through late November Edk0ifbmv aESmif;ydkif;xJrSm

(Edk0ifbmvqdkpat;ygNyD/ Ekd0ifbmvaESmif;ydkif;qdkawmh awmfawmhudk at;vmNyDaygh/

tJ'D Edk0ifbmvaESmif;ydkif;&JU at;pdrfh wJU ntcgxJrSmvdkU qdkvdkw,f)

running ajy;aewJU (bwfpfum;&JU emr0daooe jzpfygw,f/

aygif;vdkuf&if ]Edk0ifbmvaESmif;ydkif;xJrSm ajy;aewJU bwfpfum;ay:rSmvdkU

qdk&r,f)

by yellow lights tormented 0g0gxdefxdeftvif;wkdU&JU

nSOf;qJjcif;udkcH&vsuf (bwfpfum;&JU rD;a&mifawGu Edk0ifbmn&JU &Icif;udk

aESmifh,Sufaew,f)

darkness falling tarSmifxkusqif;vmaevsuf (tJovdktcsdef?

tJovdk0ef;usiftajctae xd ajy;aewJU bwfpfum;ay:rSm- bmjzpfovJ?

qufzwf)

the two girls sang aumifrav;ESpfa,muf oDcsif;qdkMuw,f/

for miles and miles together pkpkaygif;rdkifawG-rdkifawG

tajrmuftjrm;rSm (wpfavQmufvkH; aw;qdkMuw,f)/ ('DvdkqdkvdkufwJUtwGuf

103

bwfpfum;qdkwm &efukefNrdKUwGif;ajy;wJU bwfpfum;rsKd;r[kwfbJ &efukefeJU rEåav;?

&efukefeJU yk*HanmifOD;vdk ta0;BuD;oGm;wJU ta0;ajy;bwfpfum;vdkU uRefawmfwdkU

em;vnfvdkuf&w,f)

and it wasn't the words pmom;pum;vkH;awGaMumifhvJ r[kwfbl;/

or tune aw;oGm;tvdkufav;aMumifhvJ r[kwfbl;/

It was the singing oDcsif;qdkMuw,fqdkwmav;udku

(aumif;aewmjzpfw,f? Munf El;p&mjzpfw,f)

It was the human sweetness in that yellow tJ'g

0g0gxdefxdeftvif;xJrSm vlqefqef omom,m,m MunfEl;p&muav;jzpfw,f/

the unpredicted voices of our kind uRefawmfwdkU rsKd;EG,fwl

vlom;rsm;&JU cefUrSef;rxm;rdwJU toHrsm;yJ jzpfygw,f/ ('Dvlom;rdef;uav;awGrSm

'DvdktoHrsKd; &Sdvdrfhr,fvdkU BudKwifrod&SdMu&ygbl;/ ck oDcsif;qdkoHudk

Mum;&awmhrSyJ olwkdU toHudk Mum;zl;Mu&wm/ 'gaMumifh ]cefUrSef;rxm;rdwJU

toHrsm;vdkUa&;w,f)

uAsmq&m[m bwfpfum;pD;NyD; c&D;a0;wpfckudk oGm;aeygw,f/ tcsdefu

aqmif;&moD Edk0ifbmv&JU aESmif;ydkif;? naeae0if&Doa&m at;pdrfhpdrfhtcsdef/

0ef;usifwpfckvkH; wdwfqdwf arSmifrnf;vdkUaew,f/ tvif;qkdvdkU bwfpfum;&JU

a&SUrD;awG&JU 0g0gxdefxdef tvif;a&mifawGyJ &Sdw,f/ tJovdk nnf;aiGU

acsmufcsm;zG,f tajctaersKd;rSm bwfpfum;ay:u b0wlc&D;onfrdef; uav;

ESpfOD;&JU waMumfaMumf aw;qdkvdkufMuoH xGufay:vmw,f/ rdef;uav;awG[m

rdkifaygif; rsm;pGm c&D;&SnfwpfavQmufvkH; aw;qdkvdkufygvmMuwmjzpfw,f/

oif;uav;wkdU&JU aw;oH[m uAsmq&mtzkdU MunfEl;ESpfNcdKufp&m jzpfoGm;

awmhw,f/ bmudkMunfEl;rdwmvJ/ oDcsif;pmom; pum;vkH;awGvm;? oDcsif;

aw;oGm;av;udkvm;/ r[kwfygbl;/ qdkaewJU rdef;uav;awGuvJ olrsm;awG

em;axmif&atmif[JUqdkNyD; oDcsif;aumif;aumif;av;awGudk a&G;NyD; ususee

qdkaewm r[kwfygbl;/ Edkufwifa*;vf iSufuav;awG aw;oDovdkvkd? uav;

i,fwpfOD; olUbmomMunfEl;NyD; aw;nnf;ovdk? bDvkH;iSufrsm; aw;oDaMumf

104

ovdk? bmtwGuf&,fr[kwf udk,fh[mudk,f aw;oDaeMuwmyg/ olwkdU

oDcsif;qdkwmudk em;axmif&wmudku MunfEl;rdw,fqdk&rSmyJ/ pmom; pum;vkH;

awG[m EkvdkU? vSvdkU? aw;oGm;tvdkufav;u om,mvGef;vdkUr[kwfygbl;/ oDcsif;

qdkw,fqdkwmudkuyJ MunfEl;p&m jzpfaewmyg/ oDcsif;qdkw,fqdkwm vlqefwm

yJjzpfw,f/ udk,fhb0wl vlom;awGrSm 'Dvdkom,mwJU aw;oHawG &Sdw,fqdkwm

em;vnfoabmayguf&wm? vlom;tcsif;csif;rSm olUrSm 'Dvdkom,mwJU

toHrsKd;&Sdyguvm;vdkU od&Sd&wm? 'guyJ MunfEl;p&m jzpfvm&wmygwJU/

rl&if;uAsmrSm yg'okH;aMumif;udk wpfydk'fEIef;eJU tydk'fav;ydk'f yg0if

zGJUpnf;xm;ygw,f/ wpfyg'rSm tu©&mq,fvkH; (wpfcgwavq,fhwpfvkH;)

yg0ifw,f/ rMwmpepfudk rokH;? pum;ajym &pforfudkokH;xm;w,f/ cyfqifqif

jrefrmvdk csa&;MunfhMur,f/

rdef;uav;ESpfa,mufaw;oD

pmom;vJ r[kwf? aw;oGm;vJ r[kwfbl;/

b,ftoGm;rqdk jzpfrSm? b,fpmom;rqdkyg/

em;axmifol &Sdcsif&Sd? em;axmifol r&Sdcsifae/

ausmufaqmifu Edkufwifa*;vfvdk? olydkif

xl;qef;Edk;x urÇmxJ aw;nnf;wJU uav;vdk?

bD;vkH;iSufwkdUvdk? bm&,fr[kwf? udk,fhbmomyJ

Edk0ifbmaESmif;xJ ajy;aewJU bwfpfum;ay:rSm?

t0ga&mif&JU nSOf;qJcHum? tarSmifxk uspOf?

rdkifawG rdkifawGaygif; trsm;rdef;uav;ESpfOD; aw;oD&JU/

105

pmom;aMumifh? aw;oGm;aMumifhr[kwf/ aw;qdkwmygyJ/

tJt0gxJu vlqefwJU MunfEl;zG,fuav;?

wdkUrsKd;EG,fpk&JU rarQmfvifhrdwJU toHawG/

tD,ef u&dkufwef prpfpfof

106

MIIRROR

I an silver and exact. I have no preconceptions.

Whatever I see I swallow immediately.

Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike.

I am not cruel, only truthful­

The eye of a little god, four­cornered.

Most of the time I meditate on the opposite wall.

It is pink, with speckles. I have looked at it so long

I think it is a part of my heart. But it flickers.

Faces and darkness separate us over and over.

Now I am a lake. A woman bends over me,

Searching my reaches for what she really is.

Then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon.

I see her back, and reflect it faithfully.

She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands.

I am important to her. She comes and goes.

Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness.

In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman

Rises towards her day after day, like a terrible fish.

Sylvia Plath

rSefMunfh&if idkcsifygbd

acwfa[mif;uAsmpmqdkwpfOD;u Z&mtaMumif;udk zGJUcJU&mrSm ....

qHyif&,f jzLygw,fav

t&ifrl [efr&Sdyguvmh

107

rSefMunfh&if idkcsifygbd

udk,ft*Fg,Gif;

&,fvdkU qdkxm;w,f/ tjcm;tvm;wl Z&mqdkwJU tdkrif; &ifha&mfrI

taMumif;zGJUwJU *Eå0if jrefrmuAsmawG 'keJUa';yg/ tif;0acwf &Sifr[moDv0Ho

wkdUuae acwftqufqufrSm &wk[ef? ysKdU[ef? a'G;csKd;-av;csKd;[ef? aw;xyf

[ef trsKd;rsKd;ygyJ/ Ak'¨bmom0if rsm;jzpfMuavawmh Zmwd? Z&m? r&PtaMumif;

uAsmawG? oHa0*aw;awG zGJUjzpfMuay wmaygh/ acwfay:uAsmq&mawGuaum

Z&mudk b,fvdkzGJUMuygovJ/ tck NAdwdefEdkifiH&JU awmf0ifuAsmq&mr jzpfaewJU

wuf'f[,lZf&JU uAsmav;udk zwfMunfhapcsifygw,f/ uAsmu Z&mzGJUvdkU

trnfrcHayr,fh Z&meJU ed*kH;csKyfxm;wmudk awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/ zwfMunfhygbd/

uAsmacgif;pOfu Mirror vdkUjzpfygw,f/ ]aMu;rkHaygh/ uAsmudka&;zGJUykHu

a&S;acwfuav;rsm; pum;xmzJGUMuwJU [efrsKd; jzpfw,f?

I am silver ig[m abmf(aiG)jzpfw,f/

and exact wdusw,f/

I have no preconceptions ighrSm BudKwif qkH;jzwfxm;wm r&Sdygbl;/

(taMumif;udpö wpfckudk BuKHawGUodjrif&wm r&Sdao;cifu BudKwifNyD; raumif;bl;?

aumif;&JU rSwfcsufcsxm;wJU bmoma&;? EdkifiHa&;? vlrsKd;a&;tjrifrsKd;udk

]BudKwifqkH;jzwf csufvdkU ac:ygw,f)

Whatever I see igjrif&orQudk

I swallow immediately ig csufcsif;rsKdcsypfw,f/ (0gusu rqkH;ao;?

qufzwf)

just as it is oljzpfaewJU twdkif;yJ (rsKdcsypfvdkufw,f) (0gusurqkH;ao;?

qufzwf)

unmisted by love or dislike tcspfwkdU? trkef;wkdUaMumifh 0dk;0g;roGm;bl;?

tcspftrkef;qdkwJU jrLrif;vGif zkH;uG,fjcif;r&Sdbl;/ cspf&if wpfrsKd;jrif rkef;&if

wpfrsKd;jrif wmrsKd; rvkyfbl;/

108

I am not cruel ig&ufpufwm r[kwfygbl;/ (rSefu t&kyfqkd;wmudk

t&kyfqdk; aMumif;jywm[m &ufpufwm r[kwfygbl;/)

only truthful opöm&SdwmyJ jzpfygw,f/ trSefudktrSeftwdkif; jyaewmyJ

jzpfygw,f/

The eye of a little god ewfuav; wpfyg;&JU rsufvkH;yg/

four­cornered axmifhav;axmifh &Sdw,f/

Most of the time tcsdeftrsm;pkydkif;rSmawmh? rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh...

I meditate on the opposite wall ig[m rsufESmcsif;qdkif eH&HudkyJ

ur®|mef;&Iaew,f/ (rsufESmcsif;qdkifeH&HyJ rSefxJrSmvmxifaew,f/)

It is speckles tpuftajymufawGeJU (oeyfcg;puf? a&arT;pufwdkU

pGef;xifaewm jzpfygvdrfhr,f/)

I have looked at it so long ig 'DeH&Hudk MunfhcJUwm MumvSNyDrdkU...

I think it is a part of my heart ighESvkH;om;&JU wpfpdwfwpfydkif;jzpfaeNyD

vdkU igxifrdw,f/

But it flickers 'gayr,fh olvIyfa&GUwwfw,f? rwnfNrJacsbl;/

Faces and darkness separate us over and over rsufESmawGeJU

tarSmifwkdUu igwkdUudk (rSefeJU eH&Hudk) cPcPcGJae&apw,f/

Now I am a lake ckawmh ig a&tdkifwpftdkif jzpfcJUNyD/

A woman bends over me rdef;rwpfa,muf ightay: ikHUudkif;vdkufw,f/

Searching my reaches for what she really is ol

wu,fhwu,fb,fvdk&Sdw,f qdkwmudk igha&jyifwpf0ef;rSm &SmazG&if; (ikHUudkif;

vdkufw,f/) rSefom;jyifrSm olU&kyfoGifudk &SmMunfhwmudk ajymwm/

Then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon 'Daemuf

awmh olvlvdrfvlnmawGomjzpfMuwJU za,mif;wdkifrsm;eJU vqD vSnfhoGm;awmh

109

w,f/ (rSefuom rdrd&kyfoGifudk trSeftwdkif;jyEdkifw,f/ za,mif;wdkifu? vu

rjyEdkifbl;/ 'gaMumifhza,mif;wkdifeJU vudk vlvdrfvlnmvkdU ac:xm;w,f/)

I see her back ig olUausmjyifudk jrif&w,f/

and reflect it faithfully tJ'D ausmjyifudk opöm&Sd&SdyJ

xif[yfjyvdkufygw,f/

She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands olu

ighudk rsuf&nfawGeJU? vufa0SU,rf;umeJU qkcsygw,f/

I am important to her ig[m olUtzdkU ta&;BuD;ygw,f/

She comes and goes olvmvdkuf oGm;vdkufyJ? tcef;xJ0ifvmvdkuf?

xGufoGm; vdkufyJ/

Each morning reufwdkif;rSm? wpfreuf wpfreufqDrSm

it is her face that replaces the darkness tarSmifxkae&mrSm

tpm;0ifvm wm olUrsufESmygyJ/

In me she has drowned a young girl ightxJrSm ol[m

uav;rav;wpf a,mufudk a&ESpfowfcJUNyD/

and in me an old woman rises towards her day after day

ightxJrSm tr,ftdkBuD;wpfa,muf olUqD a&S;&IxvmaeNyD/ wpfaeUNyD; wpfaeUyJ/

like a terrible fish aMumufzG,f ig;wpfaumifvdk

(tr,ftdkBuD;olUqDa&S;&Ivm aeNyD/)

uAsmacgif;pOfudk ]aMu;rkHvdkU wyfxm;vdkUom uRefawmfwkdU vG,fvG,f

ululeJU ola&;zGJUaewm aMu;rkHygvm;vdkU od&wmjzpfw,f/ tJovdk r[kwfbJ

]pum;xmvdkUom qdkcJU&if (uAsmwpfyk'fudkawmh tJ'Dtwkdif;yJ ]pum;xmvdkU

qDvAD,m yvmhof wyfxm;zl; w,f/) uRefawmfwdkU pmzwfolawG tawmfuav;

OD;aESmufajcmuf&OD;rSm/ uAsmudkaMu; rkHu ajymjyav[ef a&;zGJUxm;w,f/

ol[m abmfaiGjzpfw,fwJU/ olUrSm b,folUudkawmh b,fvdkoabmxm;

r,fqdkwJU BudKwifqkH;jzwfxm;wmrsKd; r&Sdygbl;wJU/ cspfol rkef;olr[l t&Sdudk

110

t&Sdtwdkif; xif[yfjy vdkufwmyJ/ &ufpufwmawmhr[kwfygbl;/ trSefudk

trSeftwdkif; xkwfazmfwwfwm? opöm &SdwmygyJwJU/ olUudk axmifhav;axmifheJU

ewfuav;wpfyg;vdkU qdkEdkifw,f/ wpfaeUvkH;&JU tcsdefrsm;&mydkif;rSm wpfzufu

eH&HudkyJMunfhae&wmygyJ/ eH&Huyef;a&mif? tpuftajymuf awGeJU/ (oeyfcg;puf?

a&arT;puf pwmwkdU ayusHaewm&ifvJ jzpfr,f/ tpuftajymuf awGeJU

'DZdkif;azmfxm;wJU eH&HuyfpuúL (wall­paper) uyfxm;wm&ifvJjzpfr,f/) 'DeH&HudkyJ

wpfaeukefwpfaecef; Munfhae&vGef;awmh eH&H[m olUESvkH;om;&JU wpfpdwf

wpfydkif;awmif jzpfae&NyD/ 'gayr,fh eH&H[m tNrJoleJUcsnf;rsufESmcsif;qdkifae&wm

r[kwfbl;/ olwkdUESpf a,mufMum; vlrsufESmawGu ay:vmvdkuf? tarSmifu

usvmvdkufeJUygyJwJU/

tJ'Daemuf aMu;rkHu olUudk,fol a&tdkifwpftdkifES,f wifpm;vdkufjyefw,f/

rdef;r wpfa,muf olUtay:ikHUudkif;vdkufNyD; olwu,fhwu,f b,fvdk&SdaevJ?

olU&kyfykH b,fvdk vJqdkwmudk odcsifvkdU aMu;rkH&JUa&jyifrSm &SmazGMunfhaew,fwJU/

rSefMunfhaewmudkyJ zGJUae wmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'Daemufawmh rSefqDuae zJcGmum

za,mif;wdkifawGeJU vudkai;Munfh aejyefawmhowJU/ za,mif;wkdifwkdU? vwdkU

qdkwmu tvif;a&mifay;Muayr,fh &kyfoGifudk xif[yfjyEdkifpGrf; r&SdMuygbl;/

'gaMumifh olwkdUudk vlvdrfvlnmawGvdkU ac:vdkufw,f/ aMu;rkH[m olUqdu

vSnfhxGufoGm;wJU rdef;r&JUausmjyifudk a&mifjyef[yfvdkufw,f/ 'gudkyJ rdef;ru

rsuf&nfawG? vuf,rf;jywmawGeJU qkvmbfcsvdkufw,f/ olUykHudk rxif[yfygeJU

awmhayghav/ 'gayr,fh aMu;rkH[m olUtzkdUta&;BuD;ygw,f/ aMu;rkHxm;&m

tcef;xJ 0ifcsnfxGufcsnf vkyfaewmyg/ wpfnvkH; xifcJU&wJU

tarSmif&dyf&JUae&mrSm reufwdkif; 'Drdef;r&JUykH&dyfu tpm;xdk;0ifa&mufaeus?

'DaMu;rkHqdkwJU a&tdkifxJrSm 'Drdef;r[m rdef;r ysKdav;wpfa,mufudk a&ESpf

owfcJUNyD/ rdef;rysKdav;&JU ykH&dyf[m aMu;rkHxJu xGufrvm awmhygbl;/ olUtpm;

tbGm;tdkBuD;wpfa,mufyJ rSefxJuaeNyD; 'Drdef;rudk ajcmufvSefUjy aeygawmhowJU/

aMumufp&maumif;wJUtr,ftdkBud;/ t&kyfqdk;qdk;ig;wpfaumifeJUyJ wlao;awmh

owJU/

111

uAsmq&mr qDvAD,myvmhof[m 1963ckESpfu i,fi,f&G,f&G,feJUyJ

olUudk,fol owfaocJUygw,f/ ol tJovdk rdrdudk,frdrdtqkH;pD&ifoGm;wm[mjzifh

olUuAsmxJrSm ygwJUtwdkif; rSefMunfhvdkufwdkif; i,fEkvSywJUvkHrav; xGufrvm

awmhbJeJU t&kyfqdk;qdk; ig;BuD; wpfaumifES,f tbGm;tdkBuD;wpfa,mufyJ rSefxJu

xGufjyvmwmudk vefUzsyfNyD;vkyfoGm; cJU&Smwmrsm;vm;/

tckuAsmudk jrefrmuAsm jyefMunfhMur,f.....

aMu;rkH

ig[m abmf? ighrSm BudKwifqkH;jzwfxm;wmr&Sd/

igjriforQudk csufcsif;yJ rsKdcsw,f/

&SdaewJU twdkif;yJ? tcspftrkef; jrL rvTrf;/

ig r&ufpufbl;? opöm&SdwmyJ jzpfw,f/

ewfav;wpfyg;&JU rsufvkH;? axmifhav;axmifheJU/

tcsdeftrsm;pk wpfzufeH&Hudk &IrSwfaew,f/

yef;Eka&mifyg? tpufawGeJU? Munfh&wm MumordkU

ighESvkH;&JU wpfydkif;jzpfNyD? 'gayr,fh rwnfbl;/

rsufESmawGeJU tarSmifu wkdUudk xyfcgxyfcgcGJ&JU/

tck ig a&tdkif? rdef;rwpfa,muf ighay: ikHU/

ol wu,f b,fvdkqdkwm igh a&jyifrSm &Sm/

aemuf za,mif;wdkifawGeJUv? vlvdrfawGqD vSnfhoGm;/

ig olUausmudk jrif? opöm&Sd&Sd xif[yfrd/

rsuf&nfawG vuf,rf;wmawGeJU qkcs/

112

olUtzdkU ig ta&;BuD;om;? ol vmcsnf oGm;csnfom/

reufqdk tarSmifudk tpm;xdk;wm? olUrsufESmy/

ightxJ vkHrav;udk olESpfowf? ightxJu tr,ftdk

aeUpOfeJUtrQ olUqDxGufvm? aMumufzG,f ig;ES,fom/

qDvAD,m yvmhof

113

LONE DOG

I'm a lean dog, a keen dog, a wild dog, and lone;

I'm a rough dog, a tough dog, hunting on my own;

I'm a bad dog, a mad dog, teasing silly sheep

I love to sit and bay the moon, to keep fat souls from sleep.

I'll never be a lap dog, licking dirty feet,

A sleek dog, a meek dog, cringing for my meat,

Not for me the fireside, the well­filled plate,

But shut door, and sharp stone, and cuff, and kick, and hate.

Not for me the other dogs, running by my side,

Some have run a short while, but none of them would bide.

O mine is still the lone trail, the hard trail, the best,

Wide wind, and wild stars, and the hunger of the quest.

I. R . Macleod

wpfa,mufwnf;aecsifw,f

owå0gtrsm;pk[m ttkyftzGJUeJU aeavh&Sdygw,f/ vl? acG;? jcaoFh? qif?

orif? '&,futp? yk&Gufqdwftxd/ usm;pwJUowå0gtenf;i,fuawmh tkyfzGJU

aeavhr&Sdbll;/ tkyfzGJUaeavhaex&SdwJU owå0gxJrSmvJ tkyfxJrSmrae? wpfOD;wnf;

aewJU owå0g&,fvdkU &Sdwwfw,f/ vlxJrSmudkyJ vlysKdBuD;? tysKdBuD;wkdU? awmaysmf

&aoh&[ef;wkdU &SdaywmyJ/ usrf;*efrsm;rSm wpfOD;wnf;aeum w&m;usifh&wm

(upm&D)csrf;omokc&SdvSaMumif; (ta[mokcH) zGJUEGJUa&;om;xm;wmawG trsm;

tjym;yJ zwf&IEdkifw,f/

114

jrefrm edAÁdE uAsmqdkwm 'DtusifhrsKd;udk trTef;wifwJU uAsmrsKd;jzpfw,f/

EdkifiHjcm; uAsmrsm;rSmvJ wpfudk,fwnf;ae&wm pdwfcsrf;omykH? vGwfvGwf

vyfvyf&SdykHawG a&;zGJUMu wmawG 'keJUa';/ tckwifjyvdkufwJU acwfay:uAsmuvJ

'DtaMumif;udk acG;&Iaxmifh uae wifqufxm;wmyg/

acgif;pOf Lone Dog u]wpfaumifwnf;acG;aygh/

I'm a lean dog ig[m ydefyg;yg; acG;wpfaumifjzpfw,f/

a keen dog pdwftm;xufoefwJU acG;wpfaumif (jzpfw,f)

a wild dog awm&dkif;acG;wpfaumif (jzpfw,f)

and alone wpfaumifwnf; (jzpfw,f)

«a&SUqkH;u am udk ajymNyD;wJUaemuf aemufxyfrajymawmhbl;»

I'm a rough dog ig[mMurf;wrf;wJU acG;wpfaumif jzpfw,f/

a tough dog rmausmwJUacG;? axmifusus jym;usus cHEdkif&nf&SdwJUacG;

(jzpfw,f)

hunting on my own ighbmom igtrJvdkufw,f? vlarG;wJU acG;rsm;vdk

tkyfpkeJU rvdkufbl;? 0HykavGrsm;vdk tkyfpkzGJU trJrvdkufbl;/

I'm a bad dog ig[m acG;qdk;wpfaumifyg/

a mad dog &l;rdkufrdkuf acG;wpfaumifyg ('Dae&mrSm mad [m

]acG;&l;a&m*g &Sdwmudk ajymwmr[kwfbJ &l;&l;rdkufrdkufaewwfwJU

oabmobm0udk qdkvdkw,f)

teasing silly sheep tlwlwl tww odk;awGudk aemufajymifwwfw,f/

(odk;qdk wm &dk;twJUowå0gvdkU qdkprSwfjyKMuw,f? olUvdkacG;rsKd;udk wjcm;owå0gqdk

b,frIvdrfh rvJ/ odk;awGuawmh olUudkyJaMumufwm? olu vdkuf[efjyK&if;

ajy;Muwm/ 'gaMumifh &dk;tt okd;awGvdkUajymwm/ 'Dodk;awGudkyJ olu

tysif;ajyaemufajymifajcmufvSefUavh&Sd ygowJU/)

115

I love to sit and bay the moon igu xdkifNyD; vudkMunfhum a[mif

&wmudk odyfobmuswm (vom&if acG;rsm;a[mifwwfygw,f/) bmvdkUvJ

qdkawmh-

to keep fat souls from sleep 0wJUvlawG tdyfvdkUr&atmif

(a[mif&wmudk oabmuswm)

'DrQxdqdk&ifyJ 'DacG;[m odk;awGudk wu,fvJ rudkufbJeJU vdkufpvdkuf?

0wJUvlawG tdyfa&;ysufatmif vudkMunfhNyD; a[mifvdkufeJU? awmfawmf

aysmfwwfyg;wwfwJU acG;yJvdkU uRefawmfwkdUodMu&NyD/ 'Dvdk aysmfaysmfae wwf

avawmh-

I'll never be alap dog ig[m b,fawmhrS vlawGcspfpEdk;arG;wJU

acG;uav;vdk rsKd; rjzpfEdkifbl;wJU/

licking dirty feet (vlawG&JU)npfywfaya&wJU ajcaxmufawGudk

vQmeJUvsuf ay;&wJU (acG;uav;rsKd; rjzpfEdkifbl;wJU)

sleek dog (tarG;trSif)El;nHUwJU acG;wpfaumif

meek dog (trlt&m) odrfarGUaysmhaysmif;wJU acG;wpfaumif

cringing for my meat (ocifu auR;r,fh) tom;twGuf

atmufusKdUwwf wJU (acG;wpfaumif) rjzpfEdkifbl;wJU

Not for me the fireside rD;zdkab; (auG;&a&;qdkwm) ightwGuf

r[kwfbl;? igu rD;zdkab;vJ rauG;csifygbl;? (acG;rsm;vlUqDvmaeMuwm[m

tpmauR;vdkU&,f t&dyftm0g oay;vdkU&,fjzpfw,f/ at;wJUa'orsm;rSm tdrfxJ

rD;zdkeHab; auG;&wmudkacG;rsm; tvGef ESpfNcdKufygw,f/)

the well­filled door 'gayr,fh (tJovdk yef;uefjym;eJU tjynfh

xnfhauR;xm;ayr,fh tjyifrxGuf&bJ tdrf) wHcg;ydwfxm;wm (igtvdkr&Sdbl;)

and sharp stone (tcefUroifh&if) cJcRefcRefeJU (ypfaygufvdkufwmrsKd;)

igrcHEdkif bl;/

and cuff vuf0g;eJU &dkufwm (rcHEdkifbl;/)

116

and kick ajcaxmufeJU uefwm (tvdkr&Sdbl;)

and hate (ocifu cspfOD;awmh wjcm;vlrsm;u)rke;fMuwm (tvdkr&Sdbl;)

Not for me the other dogs, running by my side ighab;em;u

ajy;vsuf wjcm;acG;rsm;[mvJ ightwGufr[kwfbl;/ (ighab;em;u wjcm;acG;awG

twl,SOfajy;wmvJ igtvdkr&Sdbl;)

Some have run a short while wcsKdU(acG;rsm;)

cPwpfjzKwfajy;cJUMuw,f/

but none of them would bide olwkdUxJu b,ftaumifrS ZGJebJawmh

r&Sdacsbl;/ Mum&SnfrcHbl;/

'DESpfyg'u &Gmom;rkqdk;rsm; arG;xm;wJU trJvdkufacG;rsm;udk nTef;ajym

aewmjzpfygw,f/ ol[m tJ'DtrJvdkufrkqdk;&JU acG;rsm;xJrSm wpfaumiftjzpf

yg0ifNyD; olwkdUeJUtwl rajy;Edkifbl;wJU/ olwkdU[m olUajcudk rDMur,f r[kwfbl;/

tvum;acG;awGvdkUqdkw,f/

O mine is still the lone trail tdk igh(b0)c&D;vrf;u wpfaumifwnf;

vrf;rQom

the hard trail cufcJwJU vrf;rQom

the best taumif;qkH;vrf;rQom/

(ol&JU wpfaumifwnf; c&D;vrf;[m cufcJw,f/ 'gayr,fh taumif;qkH;

vrf;yJwJU) bmaMumifhvJ

Wide wind us,fjyefUwJU av (tdrfxJ? tcef;xJ usOf;usOf;ajrmif;ajrmif;

wdkuf&wJU avrsKd; r[kwfbJ awmxJawmifxJ vGifjyifxJtqD;twm;r&Sd

wdkufaewJUavrdkU us,fjyefU wJUavvdkUqdkw,f)

and wild stars t&dkif;tpdkif;Mu,fawG (aumif;uifjyifus,frSm

vGwfvGwfvyfvyf oGm;vmaeMuwmrdkU Mu,fawGudk ]&dkif;pdkif;w,fvdkU ac:xm;

w,f/ oluvJ awm&dkif; acG; qdkavawmh oleJUb0wlawG jzpfukefwmaygh)

117

and the hunger of the quest &SmykHawmf&JU rGwfodyfrI (&SmykHawmfqdkwm

qkH;w,fudk r&Sdawmhbl;/ wpf&Smwnf;&Smae&wm/ 'gudkyJ&Sm&olu t&om

awGUaewm/ 'gaMumifhvJ pGefUpm;olrsm;[m &SmazGa&;c&D;udk xGufMuwmy/ 'DpGefUpm;

olwkdU&Jupdwf"mwf udk]&SmykHawmf rGwfodyfrIvdkU ac:w,f)

uAsmudk wpfaumifwnf;acG;u ajymjy[ef a&;zGJUxm;ygw,f/ 'DvdkacG;rsKd;

&SdEdkif wmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk zwfNyD;wJUtcg 'gacG;wifr[kwfbl;/

vludkvJ ajymEdkifwmyJ&,fvdkU oabmaygufvmayvdrfhr,f/

yxr yg'av;ckrSm zGJUxm;wmawGuawmh acG;eJUqdkifwJU taMumif;t&m

awGvdkU qdkEdkifygw,f/ yg' 5u pNyD;]ig[m npfywfwJU ajcaxmufawGudk

vsufay;wJU acG;uav; rsKd; r[kwfbl; bmnmeJUajym&mrSmawmh vlUavmueJUyg

tusKH;0ifvmNyDvdkU qdk&ygvdrfh r,f/ vlawGxJrSmvJ ]zm;w,fqdkwm 'grsKd;udk

ajymwmyJ r[kwfvm;/ tJ'Daemuf qufajymwmrsm;[m ]olUqefpm; &JapqdkwJU

pum;ykHtwdkif; olUay;pmurf;pmudk pm;rd&if olUudk&dkusKd;&? aMumuf&?

rsufESmvkyf&wmawGudk ajymaewmyJ jzpfw,f/ vlU*kPfodu©r&Sd? ]ajcokwfykqdk;?

a>rpG,fusKd;odkUjzpfae&wmawGudk o&kyfazmfaewmyJ jzpf&w,f/

'DuAsmxJu acG;&JUpdwf"mwf[m ]olUuRefrcHvGwfvGwfvyfvyfaevdkwJU

owå0g&JU pdwf"mwfrsKd;jzpfw,f/ taESmiftzGJUtcsKyftcs,fudk rkef;wD;wJU tEkynm

orm;ppfppfwkdU&JU pdwf"mwfrsKd; jzpfw,f/ 'Dvdkb0rsKd;[m qif;&Jyifyef;wmawmh

trSefyJ (the hard trail) 'gyar,fhcspfwwfolrsm;tzkdUawmh taumif;qkH;b0vrf;yJ

(the best) jzpfw,f/ ]xrif; wpfvkwfawmhjzifh? xif;ckwfawmh[JU qdkolrsm;&JU

pdwf"mwfrsKd;aygh/ 'DtaMumif;udk aemuf qkH;yg'rSm ]Wike wind, and wild

stars, and the hunger of the quest vdkU a&;zGJUxm;wmu nTefjyaew,f/

tu©&m 12 vkH;pDygwJU wpfyg'eJUwpfyg'tqkH; um&efnDxm;wJU tjyif

(aabbcc pojzifh)? twGif;um&efav;awGvJ ,lum (lean/keen,

rough/tough, bad/mad pojzifh) uAsmudk zGJUxm;w,f/ a&S;&dk;rMwmpepfudk

rokH;bJ wpfyg'rSm *&koHav;ck yg&ifNyD;a&mqdkwJU pum;ajym&pforfudk

118

okH;xm;w,f/ bmomjyefrSm twGif;um&efudkvdkuf&if pum;vkH;awG ajymif;ypf

&rSmrdkU (Oyrm-acG;ydef? acG;vdrf vkyfypf&r,f)rBudK;pm;awmhbl;/ yg'qkH;um&efyJ

,lawmhr,f/

wpfaumifwnf;acG;

ig[m acG;ydef? acG;xuf? acG;&dkif;? wpfaumifwnf;&,f?

ig[m acG;Murf;? acG;rm? ighomom trJvdkufw,f

ig[m acG;qdk;? acG;&l;? odk;tawGudk p&JU/

ig xdkif? vudk tl? vl0awG tdyfysufapwm cspfouG,fh/

ig[m ajcnpfawG &ufay;wJU acG;ysufr[kwf/

tom;twGuf atmufusKdUwJU acG;aysmh? acG;nHUr[kwf/

rD;zdkvJ ig rvdk? tpmjynfhcGufvJ ig rvdk?

wHcg;ydwf? cJeJUayguf? &dkuf[,f? uef[,f? rkef;[,f rvdk/

ighab; wjcm;acG;awG ajy;wm ighzdkUr[kwfoy?

wcsKdU cPajy;? wpfaumifrS BuHUBuHUrcHEdkifMu/

tdk ighc&D; wpfaumifwnf;c&D;? c&D;Murf; taumif;qkH;aygh/

us,fajymwJU av &dkif;wJU Mu,f? &SmykHawmf&JU rGwfodyfrIom/

tD-&-ruvDa,mh'f

119

POMEPEII

Markets, temples, warehouses and wide

paved streets, tree­shaded squares where stood

bombastic statues of dead magnates, showed

a laudable and decent civic pride;

while on the sloping, fertile mountain side,

farmsteads and vineyards studded on the rich

dark soil displayed those self­same virtues which

had made the city wealthy, dignified

with public buildings, opulent white

marble terraces and glittering domes;

the brothels, barracks, and the sprawling slums

kept decently secluded, out of sight.

A thriving city, careful, prosperous;

but in the mountain's throat red lava rose.

David Holiday

NrdKUBuD;wpfNrdKU&JUordkif;

*syefrSm? zdvpfydkifrSm rD;awmifaygufuGJrIowif;awG tckwavm zwf&?

Mum;&wJUtcg ya0a&S;u rD;awmifaygufuGJ&mu acsmf&nfawGatmuf epfjrKyf

oGm;cJU&wJU yGrfay,D NrdKUBuD;taMumif; owd&rdp&m zefvmawmhw,f/

yGrfay,Dqdkwm uaeUacwf £wvDjynf ADqkAd,mhpf(AqkA,kpf) rD;awmif

ajc&if;? aeygvDNrdKUBuD;teD;rSmwnf&SdwJU a&S;a[mif;NrdKUBuD;yg/ rlvu £wvD

trsKd;om;awG oGm;a&muftajcpdkufaexdkif&m &GmBuD;jzpfNyD; aemifacgr

(*&dwf)wdkUvufatmuf usa&muf cJU&w,f/ aemufq,fEdkufwfwdkU odrf;,lwm

cH&jyefw,f/ cr (c&pfawmfray:rD) yxr &mpkrSmawmh yGrfay,D NrdKUolNrdKUom;

120

awG[m a&mrEdkifiHawmfom;rsm; jzpfoGm;Mu&um om,m0ajym pnfum;wJU

NrdKUBuD;wpfNrdKU jzpfvmygawmhw,f/ 'gayr,fh co (c&pfouú&mZf) 63rSm

ivsif'PfaMumifh NrdKUwpfpdwfwpfa'o ysufpD;cJU&NyD; co79rSm awmh AdqkAD,mhpf

rD;awmifaygufuGJum NrdKUBuD;[m acsmf&nfawG &THUajrawGatmuf vkH;0

jrKyfoGm;&ygawmhw,f/ 'DaemufrSmawmh yGrfay,Dqdkwm ajrjyifrSm

vkH;0aysmufuG,foGm; cJU&NyD; 1748 ckESpfrSm wl;azmfMuawmhrS

olUemrnfxif&Sm;vmcJU&jyefw,f/ taqmufttkH awG? trGrf;trHawG[m

xl;xl;jcm;jcm; yuwdtwdkif;vdk awGUMu&w,f/ jyefvnfawGU&Sd& wJU

yGrfay,DNrdKUBuD;taMumif; aqmif;yg;awG pmtkyfawG a&;vdkufMuwm

axmifaomif;csD aeygNyD/ &kyf&SifvJ &dkufzl;NyD/

tckacwfay:uAsmq&m a';Apfa[mvda';&JU ]]yGrfay,DuAsmudk

zwfMunfhMu& atmif/

Markets, temples, warehouses and aps;awG? 0wfausmif;awG?

*dka'gifawGeJU

wide paved streets us,f0ef;wJU ausmufcif;xm;wJU vrf;awG

tree­shaded squares opfyifawGeJU t&dyftm0goaumif;

&&SdwJUyef;NcHBuD;awG (&ifjyifBuD;awG)

where tJ'Dyef;NcHBuD;awGrSm

stood bombastic statues of dead magnates uG,fvGefavNyD;ol

yk*¾dKvfBuD;rsm;&JU crf;em;x,f0g &kyfxkBuD;rsm; wnf&Sdw,f/ (magnate qdkwm

uaeUacwfrSm &mr pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;ydkif&SifBuD;awGudk ac:wm jzpfaeygNyD/ acgr

a&mr acwfuawmh acgif;aqmifBuD;awGudkac:wJU pum;vkH; jzpfygw,f/ magna

qdkwm ]]r[m eJU&if;jrpfEG,frI&SdwJU pum;vkH; jzpfw,f/)

showed jyoaew,f ('DBud,m&JU uwåm;[m txufrSmqdkcJUwJU

]]aps;awG? 0wfausmif;awG? vrf;awG? yef;NcHBuD;awG jzpfw,f)

121

a laudable and decent civic pride csD;usL;zG,fjzpfwJU

oifhjrwfrSefuefwJU rdrdwkdUNrdKUudk rdrdwkdU*kPf,lMuwmudk (azmfjyaew,f)

while wpfcsdefwnf;rSm

on the sloping fertile mountain side qifajcavQmjzpfaewJU ajrMo

ZmxufoefwJU awmifapmif;rSm

farmsteads and vineyards v,f,mtaqmufttkHrsm;eJU pyspfNcHrsm;

studded on the tich dark soil MoZm"mwf<u,f0wJU ajrrnf;ay:rSm

pDjc,fxm; wJU ('Dpum;pku emr0daooeyk'fpkjzpfw,f/ txufu emrfrsm;udk

txl;jyKaew,f/ aygif;vdkuf&if ]]MoZm"mwf <u,f0wJU ajrrnf;ay:rSm

pDjc,fxm;wJU v,f,mtaqmuf ttkHrsm; pyspfNcHrsm;uvdkU&r,f)

displayed the self­same virtues *kPfyk'fawG t&nftcsif;awGudk

azmfjyae w,f/

which had made the city wealthy NrdKUBuD;udk

csrf;om<u,f0vmapcJUwJU (t&nf tcsif;rsm;)

dignified with public buildings trsm;jynfol taqmufttkHawGeJU

*kPfa&mifajymif (vmapcJUwJU t&nftcsif;rsm;)

opulent white marble terraces x,f0gvSwJU ausmufjzLavSum;wef;

rsm;)

glittering domes ta&mifwzdwfzdwf taqmufttkH acgifrdk;

ckH;ckH;BuD;rsm; ('gawGtm;vkH;[m ]dignigfioed witheJU wGJvsuf&Sdw,f/ 'gawGeJU

*kPfa&mifajymifvm apcJUwJU t&nftcsif;rsm;vdkU qdkvdkw,f)

the brothels jynfhwefqmtdrfrsm;

barracks ppfwef;vsm;rsm;

and the sprawling slums jyefUusJaeMuwJU qif;&Jom;&yfuGufrsm;

kept decently secluded aoaooyfoyf (pepfwus)

yxkwfz,fxm;wJU (qif;&J om;&yfuGufrsm;)

122

out of sight vlolrjrif&atmif (yxkwfz,fxm;wJU

qif;&Jom;&yfuGufrsm;)

a thriving city 0ajymom,mwJU NrdKUBuD;

careful *&kwpdkufjyKpkxm;wJU (NrdKUBuD;) (owd&SdwJUNrdKUBuD;vdkU

ajym&ifvJ&Edkifyg w,f)

prosperous BuD;yGm;atmifjrifaewJU (NrdKUBuD;)

but 'gayr,fh

in the mountain's throat awmif&JU vnfrsKdrSmawmh

red lava rose eD&J&Jacsmf&nfawG jrifhwufvmaeavNyD/

uAsmudkNcKHMunhfvdkuf&if NrdKUzGJUuAsmwpfyk'ftjzpf awGU&r,f/ yGrfay,DNrdKUBuD;

om,m0ajymykH? BuD;us,fcrf;em;ykHwkdUudkyJ OD;pm;ay;zGJUxm;wm jzpfw,f/ aps;awG?

0wfausmif;awG? *dka'gifawG? vrf;us,fBuD;awG? &kyfxkBuD;awG wcrf;wem;

pdkufxlxm;&m yef;NcHBuD;awGu NrdKUom;awG olwkdUNrdKUudk olwdkU*kPf,lMuykH azmfjy

aew,fwJU/ 'Dvdk*kPf,l wwfMuwm[mjzifh csD;usL;p&m oifhjrwfrSefuefwJU udpö

ygyJwJU/ wpfcsdefxJrSm pDjc,fxm; ovdk jzpfaeMuwJU v,f,m taqmufttkH

awG pyspfNcHawGuvJ csrf;om<u,f0wJU NrdKUBuD;? trsm;jynfol taqmufttkH

awG? ausmufom;jzLjzL avSum;wef;awG? 0if;0if; ajymifajymiftrdk;ckH;ckH;awGeJU

crf;em;wJU NrdKUBuD;jzpfvmatmif vkyfay;cJUwJU t&nftaoG; udk azmfjyaew,f/

'ghtjyif a&S;acwfNrdKUBuD;wdkUt*Fg&yfeJU nDnGwf&wJUtwdkif; jynfhwef qmtdrfawGvJ

&Sdw,f/ NrdKUapmifhwyfppfonfawG&JU wef;vsm;awGvJ&Sdw,f/ qif;&Jom; &yfuGuf

awGvJ &SdwmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh vlolrjrifatmif NrdKUjyifwpfae&m&mrSm oD;oefUxkwf

xm;w,f/ om,m0ajymwJUNrdKUBuD;? owd0D&d,&SdwJUNrdKUBuD;? wdk;wuf<u,f0aewJU

NrdKUBuD; ygyJwJU/

'Dtxd uAsmrSm yg'aygif; 14 yg' yg&SdwJUteuf 12 yg'[m NrdKUBuD;

crf;em;ykHawG udk zGJUEGJUxm;wm jzpfaew,f/ w,fBuD;us,fcrf;em; 0ajymom,mwJU

123

NrdKUBuD;ygvm;qdkwJU tHUMotm;uszG,f cHpm;rIawGudk pmzwfolqD aqmifusOf;

ay;aew,f/ tJ'Dvdk ay;NyD;cgrS tqkH;ESpfyg'rSm ADql;A,mhpfawmifBuD;&JU vnfrsKdrSm

acsmf&nfeDeDawG ysKdUwufvmaeNyD qdkwmav;udk tqkH;owfuyfNyD; xnfhay;

vdkufw,f/ rsm;rsm;pm;pm; csJUxGifajymraeawmhbl;/ csJUxGifajymae&if Zmwfarsm

oGm;rSmy/ 'Duavmufrxdrdawmhbl;/ rD;awmifBuD; aygufuGJum wpfNrdKUvkH;

ysufpD;cJU&wmudk uRefawmfwdkU pmzwfolawG odNyD;om;yJ/ bmvdkU ajymae

awmhrvJ/ tckvdk rD;awmifaygufuGJawmhrSmav;udkwif t&dyft>rufuav;

tcsuf jyNyD; uAsmudk &yfvdkufwJUtwGuf uRefawmfwkdUrSm &ifarmusef&pf

&awmhw,f/ [,f-'Davmufcrf;em;BuD;us,fwJUNrdKUBuD; tjzpfqdk;eJUBuKH&

awmhrSmygvm;qdkwmudk txdwf wvefUeJU ESmarsmwordoGm;apw,f/

t*Fvdyfpum;eJUajym&&ifawmh Suspense jzpfoGm;apw,faygh/

tMurf;zsif;wpfcsuf vTm;Munfhvdkuf&if uAsm[m emrfyk'fawGwef;pDpm&if;

jyKxm; wmyJvdkU awGU&r,f/ aps;awG? 0wfausmif;awG? *dka'gifawG pojzifh

tm;vkH;[m ae&mawG csnfhyJ/ uaeUwl;azmf&&SdwJU yGrfay,DNrdKUBuD;uvJ

ae&mawGyJjzpfavawmh? wpfaeU 'DvdkrSm jzpfrSmudk uAsmu edrdwfxdk;jyxm;ovdk

jzpfaeygw,f/ vleJU vlUvIyf&Sm;rIudk zGJUwm wpfckrS rygbl;/ 'guvJ

aemifwpfaeUrSmjzpf&rSmudk edrdwfxdk;jyxm;wmygyJ/ 'gayr,fhae&mawGrSm pdppfjy

xm;ykHu vlawGudk t&dyft>rufjyaeygw,f/ aps;awG (aps;onfawG aps;0,f

awGeJU aygh) 0wfausmif;awG (0wfjyKvmolawGeJUaygh) vrf;rBuD;awG (vrf;oGm;

vrf;vmawG &Iyf&SufcyfvdkUaygh).....

uAsmq&m[m wl;azmf&&SdwJU yGrfay,DNrdKUa[mif;BuD;udk (udk,fwdkifoGm;

wmr[kwf awmif "mwfykHudk) MunfhNyD; 'Dae&mawGrSm wpfcsdefu vlawGvIyf&Sm;

oGm;vm touf0if aecJUrSmygvm;vdkU pdwful;,OfMunfhcJUrdayvdrfhr,f/ olUvdkyJ

pmzwfolwkdU pdwful;,OfEdkif atmif "mwfykH&dkufjywJUES,f 'DuAsmudk a&;vdkuf

w,fvdkU ,lqp&m&Sdygw,f/

uAsmudk aqmEéwfuAsmykHpHeJU a&;zGJUxm;wmjzpfavawmh 14 yg' ygw,f/

um&ef pepf ayGvDw,f? wpfyg'udk £orÁ*dkPf; 5 *dkPf;(tu©&m q,fvkH;)eJU

124

zGJUxm;ygw,f/ olUvdk rMwmpepfudk rokH;Edkifayr,fh tu©&mta&twGufeJU um&ef

ukd,lNyD; zGJUMunfhMu r,f/

yGrfay,D

aps;awG? 0wfausmif;awG? *dka'gifawG? ausmufom;

vrf;us,fawG? opf&dyf& &ifjyifawG? 'DrSm

uG,fvGef yk*¾dKvf &kyfwkawG x,fx,f0g?

csD;usL;zG,f? aumif;jrwf? NrdKUae *kPf,lzG,frsm;/

MoZmxufoefvSwJU awmifapmif;wpfvTm;

ajreufay: pDjc,fwJU v,f,mwJpk/

pyspfNcHwdkU NrdKUudk <u,fap? jynfolU

taqmufttkHrsm;? ausmufjzLavSum;wef;BuD;rsm;

trdk;ckH; zdwfzdwfrsm;eJU *kPfajymifapjim;

t&nftcsif;wkdUudkyJ azmfxkwfjyaeoa,mif/

jynfhwefqmtdrf? ppfwef;vsm;? vlrjrifatmif

pepfwus z,fxm;wJU vlrJG&yfuGufrsm;/

0ajymNrdKUBuD;? owd&Sd pnfum;ay&JU

awmif&JU vnfrsKd acsmf&nfeD&J wufcJU/

a';Apf a[mvda';

125

A PIECE OF PAPER

I saw this blank piece of paper

And it looked

Kind of lonely,

Like it needed someone

To talk to.

So I started to talk.

I told it about

Schools and trivial things,

And my need

For someone to talk to.

And in return

It told me about trees

And Autumn

And where it and come from.

The paper looked sad

When it told me about the

Wind in the trees

And the coming of man

Who had felled the tree,

And I felt ashamed.

Then I got angry,

I had problems enough

Without

Guilt.

126

I tore up the paper

I tore up myself.

Julia Biggs

puúLpav;&JU tw¦KyÜwåd

ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf; apmifha&Smufa&;[m uaeUacwfrSm urÇmwpf0ef;u

tm;pdkufcGefpdkuf vIHUaqmfaqmif&Gufae&wJU udpöjzpfw,f/ uRefawmfwdkU EdkifiHrSm

vnf; &Srf;&dk;r? &cdkif&dk;rpwJU awmawmifa'oawGrSm c&D;oGm;&if opfawmXme&JU

opfawm xdef;odrf;a&; owday;EId;aqmfpm qdkif;bkwfuav;awGudk vrf;ab;

0J,mrSmtvQKdtvQKd awGU&ayvdrfhr,f/ vl[m awmqDu opf? 0g;? toD;?

t&Guf? yef;refpwJU awmxGuf ypönf;rsKd;pkHudk&ygw,f/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ awm[m

urÇmajr&JU &moDOwkudk jyKjyifae w,f/ ajrNydKjcif;? a&wdkufpm;jcif; pwJU

ab;awGudkvnf; umuG,fay;aew,f/ 'gaMumifh awmudk tokH;jyKa&;eJU awmudk

xdef;odrf;jyKpka&;udk rQrQwwjzpfatmif pDrHvkyfudkifEdkifzkdU BudK;pm;Mu&w,f/

acwfay:uAsmq&mrsm;[m awmawmifa&ajrqdkwJU ywf0ef;usif xdef;odrf; apmifh

a&Smufa&;taMumif; uAsmawG tajrmuftjrm;a&;zGJUavh&SdMuw,f/ wcsKdUudk

pkaygif;NyD; pmtkyfawG xkwfMuw,f/ ta&SUtaemuf 0g'pJG jyif;xefcsdef [dk

wpfacwfu urÇmppf wm;qD;a&;uAsmawG a&;zGJUMuwJU twdkif;ygyJ/ tck

vli,fuAsm q&mrav;wpfOD;jzpfwJU *sLvD,m bpf*fZf&Ju uAsmwpfyk'fudk

wifjyvdkygw,f/ zwfMunfh Mu&atmif/

uAsm&JU acgif;pOfu A Piece of Paper jzpfw,f/ ]puúLwpfpvdkU

t"dyÜm,f &w,f/ puúLwpfpvdk aeUpOfjrifawGUaeus omreft&m0w¦Kav;uae

uAsmq&mudk tawG;trQifawG wef;oGm;apykHudk avhvmMunfhoifhw,f/

I saw this blank piece of paper iga[m'D AvmpuúLpav;udk

jrifawGUrd w,f/ (]Avm&JU ta&;ygykHudk owdjyKygav/ pmawGeJUqdk&if pmxJu

taMumif;t&mudk pOf;pm;rdrSm/ wjcm;taMumif; pOf;pm;rdrSm r[kwfawmhbl;/)

127

And it looked kind of lonely puúLpav;[m txD;wnf;

tm;i,fvGrf;aqG; aeykHay:aew,f/

Like it needed someone to talk to pum;ajymp&m tazmfwpfa,muf

vdkaeykHygyJ/

So I started to talk 'geJU igpwifpum;ajymrdygawmhw,f/

(puúLpav;udk pum;ajymwmaygh/)

I told it ig olUudk ajymjyw,f/ (bmtaMumif;awGudkvJ)

about school and trivial things ausmif;taMumif;? tao;tzGJU udpö

awGtaMumif;

And my need for someone to talk to ighrSm pum;ajymp&mwpfpkH

wpfa,muf vdkaeykHtaMumif;rsm; (ig olUudkajymjyw,f/)

And in return (igu tJovdkajymjyawmh) twkHUtjyefoabmeJU

It told me about trees olu ighudk opfyifawG&JU taMumif;&,f?

And Autumn o&'&moD (aqmif;&moDrwdkifrD&moD)&JU taMumif;&,f

(taemufEdkifiHrsm;rSm o&'&moDtcg opfyifwkdUuaeopf&GufawG a<uMuw,f

qdkwm owdjyKygav/)

And where it had come from ol b,fu vmcJUw,f

qdkwJUtaMumif;&,f (ajymjyw,f) (ae&mtwdtusudk azmfjyrxm;ayr,fh

puúLpav;[m awmxJu opfyif qDu vmcJUw,fqdkwm uRefawmfwdkUtm;vkH;

odNyD;om;jzpfw,f/)

The paper looked sad puúLpav; 0rf;enf;aMuuGJoGm;ykH ay:vmw,f/

(0gusu rqkH;ao;? b,fawmh 0rf;enf;oGm;wmvJ? qufzwf)

When it told me ighudk ajymjywJUtcg (0rf;enf;oGm;w,f? bmtaMumif;

ajymovJ? qufzwf)

about the wind in the trees opfyifawGxJ (0ifa&mufwdkufcwfavh

&SdwJU) avtaMumif; (opfyifawGxJ avwdkufcwfawmhopfcuf opfudkif;awG

128

a0SU,rf; uckefaeMuovdkyJaygh/ MunfEl;zG,fb0wpfuGufudk o&kyfazmfvdkufwm

jzpfw,f/)

And the coming of man vla&mufvmwJU taMumif;?

Who had felled the tree 'Dvlu opfyifudk ckwfvSJcscJUwJUtaMumif;

(wdkUudkajymjy&if; eJU puúLpav; 0rf;enf;vGrf;qGwfoGm;&Smawmhw,f/)

And I felt ashamed 'Dawmh ig&Sufrdw,f/ (opfyifudk ckwfvSJwmu

vlqdkavawmh vljzpfwJU uAsmq&mu &Sufrdwmjzpfw,f/)

Then I got angry tJ'Daemufawmh ig pdwfqdk;rdw,f/

(bmaMumifhpdwfqdk;oGm;& wmvJ? qufzwf)

I had problems enough ighrSm jyóemawG wpfykHwpfyif &SdaeNyD;om;?

without Guilt jypfrIwpfck usL;vGefrdw,fqdkwJU vdyfjymroefUp&mudpö

rygbJeJUudk (ighrSm jyóem&SdaeNyD;om; jzpfw,f/ udk,fhjyóemeJUudk,f

pdwf&Iyfaeygw,fqdk wJUtxJ opfyifckwfrdavjcif;qdkwJU vdyfjymroefUp&mudpöu

ay:vmao;w,fvdkU qdkvdk w,f/)

I tore up the paper puúLpav;udk ig qGJqkwfypfvdkufygawmhw,f/

I tore up myself ighudk,fudk ig qGJqkwfypfvdkufawmhw,f/

(opfyifeJUvl[m obm0&JU om;ajr;csif;twlwlrdkU opfyifuvmwJU puúLudk

qkwfypfwm[m rdrdukd,frdrd qkwfypfwmwdkU qdkvdkw,f/ wpfenf; puúLudk

a'goeJU qkwfypfvdkufwm[m rdrd&JU a'greópdwfawGudk taumiftxnf

azmfaewmrdkU rdrdudk,frdrdqkwfypfwmvdkU a&;wmvJ jzpfEdkifygao;w,f/)

uAsmq&m[m puúLpav; wpfpudk Munhfvdkufw,f/ puúLpav;[m

wpfudk,f wnf; a,mifcsmcsmjzpfaeykHyJ/ pum;ajymp&m tazmfvdkaeovdkvdkyJ/ 'geJU

uAsmq&mu puúLpav;eJU pum;pajymw,f/ ausmif;taMumif;wkdU? tjcm;

ta&;rygvSwJU omref udpöav;awG taMumif;wdkU? rdrdrSmvJ pum;ajymp&m

tazmfr&SdbJ jzpfae&ykHtaMumif;wdkU? bmwkdUnmwdkUayghav? ol pum;ajym vmwm

udk wkHUjyefwJUtaeeJU puúLav;uvJ olUudk ajymjyygw,f/ opfyifawG&JU

129

taMumif;? opf&GufawG ajrc&wJU o&'&moDtaMumif;? opfawmxJ

vla&mufvmNyD; opfyifvSJcsypfykHtaMumif;? tJ'DtaMumif;awGajym&if; puúLp

av;[m aMuuJG0rf;enf;ykH aygufvmw,f/ rdrdwkdUvlom;awG&JU opfyifav;[m

aMuuGJ0rf;enf;ykHaygufvmw,f/ rdrdwdkUvlom;awG&JU opfyifwdkUtay: &ufpufykHudk

pOf;pm;qifjcifrdNyD; uAsmq&m &Sufrdawmhw,f/

tJ'DaemufrSmawmh uAsmq&m pdwfwdkoGm;w,f/ rdrdrSmu vlrIudpöjyíem

aomif;ajcmufaxmifeJU/ pdwfat;&w,fudk r&Sdbl;/ 'DtxJ puúLu olU vGrf;Zmwf

udk vmajymaejyefNyD/ rdrdwdkU vlom;awG&JU &ufpufykHudk od&Sd&um vlom;

rdrdrSmvnf; tjypf&Sd aeykHudk vdyfjymroefUjzpf&jyefNyD/ 'Davmuf 'ku©vmay;wJU

puúLpav;udk qGJqkwfypfrd awmhw,f/ tJovdk puúLpav;udk qkwfypfjcif;[mjzifh

rdrdudk,frdrd qGJqkwfypfaerdovdk ygyJwJU/

uAsm&JU qdkvdkcsufuawmh 'gygyJ/ uAsm[m ywf0ef;usif xdef;odrf;

apmifha&Smufa&; 0g'jzefUuAsmwpfyk'f jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh0g'jzefUrqef? Mo0g'

qefykHudk owdrloifhw,f/

tck 'Dt*FvdyfuAsmav;udk jrefrmuAsmtjzpf jyefvnfa&;om;MunfhMur,f/

puúLpwpfp

'D AvmpuúL wpfpudk ig jrifrd

olUykHoGif

txD;usefovdkvdk

pum;ajymp&m

wpfpkHwpfa,muf vdkaeovdkvdk/

'geJU ig pum; pajymw,f/

ig olUudk ausmif;wkdU

130

tao;tzGJU taMumif;t&mwkdU

ighrSm pum;ajymp&m

wpfa,mufa,muf vdkaeykHwdkU ajymrd/

tjyeftvSeftaeJU

olu ighudk opfyifwdkU

o&' &moDwdkU

ol vmcJU&mwdkU ajymjyw,f/

opfyifawGMum;u avwkdU?

vl a&mufvmNyD;

opfyif vSJcsykHwkdU

ighudk ajymjy&if;

puúL 0rf;enf;ykHay:vm?

ig &Sufrdaygh/

'Daemuf ig pdwfqdk;oGm;cJU?

tjypf&Sdaewm

rygbJeJUudk

ighrSm jyóem wpfykHwpfyifeJU[m/

ig puúLudk qkwfypfrd?

ighudk,fudk ig qkwfypfrd/

*sLvD,m bpf*fZf

131

GEOGRAPHY LESSON

When the jet sprang into the sky,

it was clear why the city

had developed the way it had,

seeing it scaled six inches to the mile.

There seemed an inevitability

about what on ground had looked haphazard,

unplanned and without style

when the jet sprang into the sky.

When the jet reached ten thousand feet,

it was clear why the country

had cities where rivers ran

and why the valleys were populated.

The logic of geography­

that land and water attracted man­

was clearly delineated

when the jet reached ten thousand feet.

When the jet rose six miles high,

it was clear the earth was round

and that it had more sea than land,

But it was difficult to understand

that the men on the earth found

causes to hate each other, to build

walls across cities and to kill

From that height, it was not clear why.

Zulfiker Ghose

132

rmygap urÇmom;

urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;qdkwm urÇmom;wdkif; awmifhwMuwJU t&mjzpfw,f/

awmifhw ayr,fhvnf; r&Muygvm;/ vuf0J-vuf,mtkyfpkawGawmh urÇmrSm

csKyfNidrf;cJUNyD/ 'gayr,fh vlrsKd;a&;? bmoma&; ppfyGJawGuawmh t&Sdefrowfao;bJ

wdkufaumif;Mu wkef;? aoaumif;Muwkef;qdkwmudk &kyfjrifoHMum;rSm urÇmhowif;

apmifhMunfhavh&Sdolwdkif; od&SdMuw,f/ urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;udk awmifhwwJU uAsm

rsm;vnf; bmompum;rsKd;pkHeJU oef;csDay:cJUygNyD/ tcktywfawmh ta&SUwdkif;om;

wpfOD; t*Fvdyfvdk a&;wJU Nidrf;csrf;a&; uAsmudk azmfjyvdkygw,f/

uAsmacgif;pOfu Geography Lesson wJU/ ]yx0D0if oifcef;pmaygh/

When the jet sprang into the sky *sufav,mOfBuD; aumif;uifxJ

xdk;wufoGm;wJUtcg

it was clear &Sif;ygw,f/

(bm&Sif;wmvJ? qufzwf)

why the city had developed the way it had bmaMumifhNrdKUBuD;

ckzGHUNzdK;wdk; wufaeovdk zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufae&ovJqdkwm (&Sif;ygw,f)

seeing it scaled six inches to the mile ajcmufvufr

wpfrdkifpau;qdk avawmhum (&Sif;oGm;wmaygh) (av,mOfay:uae NrdKUBuD;udk

MunfhvdkufwJUtcg ajcmufvufr wpfrdkifpau;eJU qGJxm;wJU ajrykHBuD;vdk

jrif&wmrdkU NrdKUBuD; crf;em;BuD;us,f aeykHudk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;jrif&wmudk

qdkvdkw,f/)

There seemed an inevitabillity rvGJraoG jzpf&rSmyJvdkU xif&w,f/

(0gusrqkH;ao;? qufzwf)

about what on ground had looked ajrBuD;ay:rSm xif&wmuawmh?

ykHay:aewmuawmh (0gusrqkH;ao;? b,fvdkykHay:aewmvJ...)

133

haphazard z&dkz&J

unplanned tpDtpOfrJU

without style (tEkynm)[efrJU

aygif;vdkufawmh-

ajrBuD;ay:rSmwkef;u z&dkz&J? tpDtpOfrJU? [efrJUvdkU ykHay:aewm?

(av,mOfay: uae MunfhvdkufawmhrS) 'Dvdk(zGHUNzdK;wkd;wuf[efay:vm&rSm)

rvGJraoG rkcsygvm;vdkU xifjrifrdapawmhw,f/

aemufwpfydk'f-

When the jet reached ten thousand feet

*sufav,mOfBuD;aywpfaomif; tjrifh a&mufoGm;wJUtcg

it was clear &Sif;oGm;w,f/ (bm&Sif;oGm;ovJ? qufzwf)

why the country had cities wdkif;jynfrSm NrdKUBuD;awG&Sdae&ovJ?

(b,frSm &SdwmvJ? qufzwf)

where the river ran jrpfpD;oGm;&mrSm

ESpfyg'aygif;vdkufawmh-

bmaMumifh jrpfpD;qif;oGm;&mrSm NrdKUBuD;awG &Sdae&ovJqdkwm

&Sif;oGm;w,f/

and why the valleys were populated bmaMumifh jrpf0Srf;a'orsm;rSm

vlawGaeMuwJUtaMumif;[mvnf; (&Sif;oGm;w,f)

The logic of geography yx0D0if&Ju ,kwådaA' (bmudkajymwmvJ?

&Sif;jyvdrfh r,f/ qufzwf)

that land and water attracted man ajreJUa&u vludkqGJaqmifw,f

qdkwJU (yx0D0if&JU ,kwådaA'[m)

was clearly delineated &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; o&kyfay:vmawmhw,f/

(b,fawmhvJ)

when the jet reached ten thousand feet *sufav,mOfBuD;aywpf

aomif; a&mufoGm;wJUtcg (o&kyfay:oGm;awmhw,f)

134

wwd,tydk'f-

when the jet rose six miles high *sufav,mOfBuD; ajcmufrdkiftjrifhxd

wufoGm;wJUtcg

it was clear that the earth was round urÇm vkH;w,fqdkwm&Sif;oGm;

w,f/ (urÇmvkH;aewm &Sif;&Sif;BuD; jrif&NyDudk;/)

and that it had more sea than land ukef;xuf a&ydk&SdaMumif;

(&Sif;oGm; awmhw,f)

But 'gayr,fh

it was difficult to understand em;vnfzdkUcufaew,f/ (bmudkem;vnf

zdkU cufwmvJ? qufzwf)

that men on earth urÇmajray:u vlawG[m

found causes taMumif;awG&SdaeMuwm (b,fvdktaMumif;awGvJ?

qufzwf)

to hate each other wpfOD;udk wpfOD;rkef;zdkU (taMumif;awG)

to build walls across cities NrdKUBuD;awGudkjzwf? eH&H wHwdkif;BuD;awG

aqmufzdkU (taMumif;awG) (rMumvSrDurS NydKusoGm;&wJUbmvifwHwdkif;BuD;vdk

[mrsKd;awG udk &nfpl;vdkw,f/)

to kill owfMujzwfMuzdkU (taMumif;awG) «&SdaeMuw,fqdkwmudkem;vnfzkdU

cufaew,f/»

From that height t'Dtjrifhuae (ajcmufrdkiftjrifhuae urÇmBuD;udk

Munfhrd wJUtcg)

it was not clear why bmaMumifh(vlawG ckvdkrkef;Mu?

owfMuovJqdkwm) r&Sif;bl;/

uAsmacgif;pOfudk ]yx0D0if oifcef;pmvdkU wyfxm;ayr,fh pmom;uawmh

*sufav,mOfpD;pOf urÇmajrjyifudk jrif&ykH a&;zGJUxm;w,f/ *sufav,mOfBuD;

135

rdk;aumif; uifxJ ckefwufoGm;wJUtcg NrdKUBuD;bmaMumifh zGHUNzdK;wdk;wuf

vmcJU&ovJqdkwm &Sif;&Sif; vif;vif;odjrifoabmaygufvm&awmhw,f/ NrdKUBuD;udk

ajcmufvufrwpfrdkif pau;eJU ajrykHay:qGJjyxm;ovdk jrifae&wmjzpfavawmh

'gu b,ftuGuf? 'gu b,fae&m? uGJuGJjym;jym; jrifae&ygNyD/ ajrBuD;ay:rSm

ukef;uawmh bmrS tpDtpOfr&Sdovdk y&rf;ywm jzpfaewmBuD;[m ckvdk av,mOf

ay:u Munfhvdkufawmhvnf; [kwfom;ygvm;? 'Dwdkif;jzpf&rSmygvm;vdkU oabm

aygufvm&awmhw,f/

*sufav,mOf aywpfaomif; wufvmrdwJUtcgrSmawmh bmaMumifh

wdkif;jynfrSm NrdKUawG[m jrpfrsm;pD;qif;oGm;&mrSm wnf&SdMu&w,fqdkwmudk &Sif;&Sif;

vif;vif; odjrifvm rdawmhw,f/ jrpf0Srf;awGrSmyJ vlawG aexdkifMuwmyguvm;

qdkwmudk em;vnfvm&awmh w,f/ a&Munf&m jrufEk&mvdkU qdk&dk;pum; &SdwJU

twdkif; vlrsm;[m xGef,ufpdkufysKd;p&m ajr? aomufokH;&m a&&SdwJUae&mrsKd;udkom

a&G;cs,fwwfMuw,fqdkwmudk em;vnfvm& w,f/ 'gudk yx0D&JU ,kwådaA'vdkU

ac:ygw,f/ *sufav,mOfaywpfaomif;ta&muf ikHUMunfhvdkufawmhrS yx0D0if&JU

,kwådaA'[m acgif;xJ &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; jzpfoGm;ygav awmhw,f/

*sufav,mOfBuD; rdkifajcmufrdkiftjrifhu ysHoef;vm&mrSmawmh urÇmajrBuD;

vkH;aMumif;? urÇmay:rSm ukef;ajrxuf yifv,fu ydkaMumif; &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;

odjrif&ygNyD/ 'gayr,fh pOf;pm;Munfhvdkufawmh urÇmajray:rSm aexdkifMuwJU

vlawG[m wpfOD;udk wpfOD; rkef;Mu? owfMu? NrdKUwpfydkif;eJUwpfydkif; wHwdkif;cwfMu

vkyfaeMuwmygvm;qdkwm awG;rdw,f/ bmhaMumifh olUwkdU tJovdkrkef;Mu?

owfMuygvdrfhqdkwmudkawmh rdkifajcmuf rdkiftjrifhudk a&mufaewJUtcg urÇm&JU

tvSudk ai;arm&if; pOf;pm;vdkUudk r&Edkifatmif ygyJwJU/

uAsmudk vGwfvyfuAsmykHpHeJU a&;ygw,f/ yxrtydk'frSm &Spfyg'&SdwJUteuf

ppcsif;yg' (*suf aumif;uifxJ ckefwufcJU&m)udk tqkH;rSm jyefausmhxm;ygw,f/

'kwd, tydk'frSmvnf; tJ'Dtwdkif;ygyJ/ (]*sufaywpfaomif;a&mufwJUtcgudk tp

ydk'feJU tqkH;ydk'frSm okH;xm;w,f/) wwd,tydk'frSmawmh ]*suf ajcmufrdkiftjrifh

136

wufvm&mqdkwJU yg'eJU pwifNyD; ]tJ'D tjrifhuae bmaMumifhrSef; r&Sif;bl;yg'eJU

qkH;xm;w,f/ okH;ydk'f csDykHcsykH rwlatmif cGJvdkufwmygyJ/ jrefrmvdka&;MunfhMur,f/

yx0Doifcef;pm

*suf aumif;uifxJ ckefwufcJU&m?

&Sif;oGm;&JU bmhaMumifhNrdKUBuD;

ckvdk zGHUNzdK;&wJUtaMumif;?

ajcmufvufr wpfrdkif pau;yJ/

ajrBuD;ay: udk;&dk;um;&m;BuD;?

tpDtpOfrJU [efrJUaewmBuD;

rvJG 'Dvdkjzpf&r,f ykHay:vm?

*suf aumif;uifxJckefwufcJU&m?

*suf aywpfaomif; a&mufwJUtcg?

&Sif;vm&JU bmhaMumifh wdkif;jynfrSm

jrpf pD;&m NrdKUawG &SdwJUtaMumif;?

jrpf0Srf;awG vlaeMuwJU taMumif;?

yx0D0if&JU ,kwådaA'udk

(ajreJU a&u xludk qGJaMumif;udk)

&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; o&kyfay:vm&JU

*suf aywpfaomif; a&mufvmwJUtcg/

*suf ajcmufrdkif jrifhwufvm&m?

&Sif;oGm;&JU urÇmajr vkH;aMumif;?

ukef;xuf yifv,f ydkaMumif;?

'gayr,fh em;vnfzdkU cuf&wmu

urÇmajray:u vlawG wpfOD;udk wpfOD;

137

rkef;zdkU? NrdKUawGjzwf wHwdkif;wnfzdkU?

owfzdkU taMumif; &SdMuwmyJ/

tJ'DtjrifhrSm? bmaMumifhrSef; r&Sif;bl;/

Zlvzdum tCdkUpf

138

WRONG NUMBER

Is that the vet? You said you'd fixed my cat

And now she's dead.

Wrong number

Is that the parson? Was it you who said

That God is dead?

Wrong number

Is that the hospital? My husband's got

My son my mother's got

Wrong number

Is that the fire brigade? Is that the chemist?

I've swallowed pills. The Second Coming's come.

The taps are leaking. I can hear a bomb.

Is that the plumber? God, how long you've been.

Is that the IRA? Is that the Queen?

It wasn't me. I just picked up the phone.

I've never spayed a cat. I've never done

Anything, really. Never killed a man

Or cured one either. There it goes again.

I just picked up the phone. It wasn't me.

Laurence Lerner

vlUbkHcef;0g vlUjynf&GmrSm

w,fvDzkef;u w*Grf*Grfjrnf? udk,fhrSm rtm;rvyf? jzpfaewJUMum;u

aumufudkif vdkufygw,f/ eHygwfu rSm;aea&mh/ tifrwef uRJNrD;wkdp&m udpö

139

jzpfwJUtaMumif; tdrfrSm w,fvDzkef;&SdwJUolwdkif; oabmaygufMuayvdrfhr,f/

rdwfaqGBuD;wpfa,mufuawmh olUqD w,fvDzkef;rSm;vm&if ]'g t&ufqdkifuvdkU

jyefajymavh&Sdw,f/ wpfcgwnf; [dkbufu w,fvDzkef;csoGm;a&m/ EdkUrdkUqdk&if

eHygwfrSm;aeygw,f ajymaeygvsufueJU rauseyfcsifao;bJ vQm&SnfaewwfMu

ao;wmuvm;/

'gayr,fh pdwfrwkdbJ cPavmuf atmifhtnf;onf;cHum Nidrfaevdkuf&if

pdwf0if pm;p&mawG ay:xGufvmEdkifw,f/ ajymcsifvGef;tm;BuD;eJU olUudk,fa&;

udk,fwmawG tukef avQmufNyD; ajymawmhwmyJ/ tJovdkeJU olrsm;twGif;a&;udk

acwfay:NAdwdoQpm a&;q&m avm&JefUpfvm;em;[mvnf; tJovdk vlpm;rsKd;

jzpfykH&w,f/ olUtzdkUawmh vnf; w,fvDzkef;rSm;0ifvmwmudkuyJ udpöjrm;ajrmif

'DvlUabmifBuD;udk waphwapmif; avhvm p&m jzpfaeawmhw,f/ 'DtaMumif;

ola&;zGJUxm;wJU uAsmudk zwfMunhfygbd/

uAsm&JU acgif;pOfu (Wrong Number) vdkUjzpfw,f/ ]eHygwfrSm;?

eHygwfrSm;aeNyD pojzifh jrefrmvdk ajym&ygvdrfhr,f/ w,fvDzkef;eHygwfrSm;BuD;

wpfa,mufwpfcGef;p ESpfcGef; pajyMuwmawGudk wef;pDrSwfwrf;wifum uAsmzGJU

xm;wmygyJ/

Is that the vet? wd&pämefq&m0efygvm;/ (wd&pämefq&m0ef&JU aq;cef;

atmufarhNyD; qufaewmjzpfw,f/ NyD;qufajymw,f)

You said you'd fixed my cat uRefr&JUaMumifudkvkyfNyD;NyDqdk/ (bmvkyf

ovJqdkwmudk aemuftydk'frsm;yg pmom;rsm;t&od&w,f/ aMumifu trqdkawmh

uav; r&atmif rsKd;Otdrfudk xkwfypfwmygyJ/ rdrdwkdUtaMumif;udk tav

rvdkufatmif? uav; r&atmif wd&pämefq&m0efqDrSm 'Dvdktvkyfcdkif;MuwJU

tavh &efukefrSmvnf; acwfpm; ygw,f)

And now she's dead tckawmh aooGm;NyD? aMumifaooGm;wJU twGuf

wd&pämef q&m0efudk &efawGUaewm jzpfygw,f/

Wrong number eHygwf rSm;aeygw,f/ (wd&pämefq&m0ef&JU w,fvDzkef;&JU

eHygwfrSm;NyD; vSnfhaewmjzpfygw,fvdkU tdrf&Sifujyefajymvdkufwm jzpfw,f/)

140

Is that the parson? q&mawmfygvm;/ (c&pf,mefbkef;BuD;qDudk

w,fvDzkef; qufaewmjzpfygw,f)

Was it you who said q&mawmfyJ ajymcJUwm r[kwfvm;/

(0gusurqkH;ao;/ bmajymwmvJ? qufzwf)

That God is dead? xm0&bk&m;ocifaoNyDvdkU (ajymcJUwmq&mawmfyJ

r[kwfvm;)

Wrong number eHygwfrSm;aeygw,f/ (q&mawmf&JU w,fvDzkef;

r[kwfygbl;)

Is that the hospital? aq;&kHuygvm;/

My husband's got uRefr a,mufsm; (wpfckck jzpfaeygw,f

vdkUqufajym&rSm jzpfw,f)

My son uRefrom; (wpfckckjzpfaeygw,fvdkU qufajym&rSm jzpfw,f/

wpfckckjzpf wJUvlu rsm;vGef;vdkU tNyD;rowfEdkifbJ &Sdaew,f)

My mother's got uRefr tar (wpfckckjzpfaeygw,fvdkU qufajymrSmygyJ)

(aq;&kHudk qufMu&rSm wcsKdUuvnf; vif bmjzpfvdkU? tar bmjzpfvdkU? trsKd;rsKd;

tzkHzkH Asmrsm;aeMuykHudk 'DESpfyg'u jynTefw,f)

Wrong number eHygwf rSm;aeygw,f/ (aq;&kHr[kwfygbl;)

Is that the fire brigade? rD;owfXmeuygvm;/

Is that the chemist? aq;qdkifuygvm;/

I've swallowed the pills aq;vkH;awGudk rsKdcsvdkufrdNyD (aq;vkH;qdkwm

rsKdcs&rSmyJ 'gayr,fh w,fvDzkef;qufykH axmufawmh aq;rSm;NyD; rsKdcsrdw,ffeJU

wlyg&JU)

The Second Coming's come 'kwd,tBudrf <ua&mufvmjcif;

usa&mufNyD (a,&Ic&pfawmf[m urÇmhajrBuD;ay:udk 'kwd,tBudrf <ua&muf

vmr,f? tJ'g[mjzifh vlom;awGudk xm0&bk&m;ocifu aemufqkH;tBudrf w&m;

pD&ifawmfrlwm ygyJ/ wpfenf; tm;jzifh urÇmhvlom;wkdUtzdkU aemufqkH;aeU&ufygyJ/

141

'gudkc&pf,mefrsm;u owday;avh &Sdw,f/ w&m;eJU aeMuaygh/ tJovdk

bmoma&;t,lonf;olwkdUu zkef;qufowday;ae wmjzpfygw,f)

The taps are leaking ydkufacgif;awGu a&wpufpufeJU ,kdpdrfhxGuf

aew,f/ (ydkufacgif;jyifolqD zkef;qufwm jzpfygvdrfhr,f)

I can hear a bomb AkH;aygufuJGoH Mum;&w,f (&Jpce;fudkqufwm?

olwkdUqD rSm cPcPAkH;aygufuGJavh&Sdwmudk owdjyKygav)

Is that the plumber? ydkufquform;ygvm; (ckeu ydkufacgif; a&pdrfh,kd

olyJ rSm;ac:jyefovm;rodbl;/ 'grSr[kwfvnf;aemufwpfa,muf jzpfygvdrfhr,f/

a&ydkufcRwf ,Gif;wmrsKd;uae&mwumrSm rMumrMum BuKH&wmudk;)

God, how long you've been jrwfpGmbk&m;? MumvScsnfvm;

(w,fvDzkef;vnf; rSm;qufao;? MumvScsnfvdkUvnf; tjypfwifvdkufao;)

Is that the IRA? tdkiftmat tzGJUygvm; (]tdkiftmattzGJUudkawmh

odMuygvdrfhr,f/ tdkif,mvefjynf ajrmufydkif;rSm aps;awG? qdkifawG? blwm&kHawGrSm

cPcP AkH;cGJNyD; tjypfrJUolawGaoMu&wJU tMurf;zufaomif;usef;oltzGJUaygh)

Is that the Queen? bk&ifrBuD;ygvm; (tvum;ae&if;

bk&ifreef;awmfudk zkef;qufwJU vlrsm;vnf; &Sdw,feJUwlygw,f) 'Dtydk'f

wpfydk'fvkH;[m XmetrsKd;rsKd;qDudk zkef;rSm;quf&if; olUqDa&mufvmwJU ajymoHqdkoH

awGudk uAsmq&mu pkNyKHrSwfwrf;wif vdkufwmjzpfygw,f/ vlrsKd;pkH taMumif;

t&mrsKd;pkH jzpfwmeJU trQ uaeUacwf&JU b0aMu; rkHvnf; jzpfaeawmhwmudk

owdjyKygav/

tJovdk toHAvHrsKd;pkH? jyóemrsKd;pkHudk Mum;&NyD;wJUaemuf uAsmq&mu

nnf;wGm;vdkufygw,f/ tJovdk vkyfMuajymMuwmawG[m ol r[kwf&ygaMumif;

wJU/

It wasn't me uRefawmfrsKd;BuD; r[kwf&aMumif;yg/

I just picked up the phone uRefawmf[m uvifuvif jrnfvmvdkU

w,fvDzkef;aumufudkif&kH udkifrdvdkufygw,f/

142

I've never spayed a cat uRefawmf[m b,fwkef;urSvnf; aMumifudk

om;raygufatmif rsKd;Otdrfudk z,fxkwfray;cJUzl;yg/

I've never done anything uRefawmf[m b,fwkef;urS bmwpfckrS

rvkyfcJU&aMumif;yg/

really wu,fyg/

Never killed a man b,fwkef;urS vlwpfa,mufudk (tdkiftmat

tMurf;zuf orm;vdk) rowfcJU&yg/

Or cured one either vlwpfa,mufrSvnf; (q&m0efrsm;vdk) a&m*g

aysmuf atmif ukoray;cJUzl;yg/

There it goes again vmjyefNyD? ajym&if;qdk&if;yJ w,fvDzkef;ujrnfjyefNyD/

I just picked up the phone uRefawmfw,fvDzkef;udk aumufudkif&kH

udkifvdkuf ygw,f/

It wasn't me uRefawmfr[kwf&aMumif;yg (cifAsm;ajymwJU [dkudpö

'DudpöawG vkyfw,fqdkwm uRefawmfr[kwfyg)

eHygwfrSm;NyD; w,fvDzkef;qufMuwmudk a&;zGJUxm;wm jzpfwJUtwGuf

em;vnf& vG,fygw,f/ eHygwfrSm;NyD; qufwm jzpfavawmh ajymcsifwmudk

tao;pdwfajymrjyEdkif Muygbl;/ wpfcGef;wpfpyJ uRefawmfwdkU odMu&ygw,f/

'gudkyJ wdkwdkeJUvdk&if;ajym&wmrdkU trsKd;awmfawmfpkHatmif ajymEdkifoGm;apw,f/

wdkwdkeJU uaeU urÇmBuD;rSm jzpfysufaewm awGudk axmifhpkHatmif o&kyfazmfEdkif

oGm;apawmhw,f/ tao;tzGJUqkH;jzpfwJU tdrfu aMumifudk jrKHatmifvkyfwmutp

EdkifiHtxGwftxdyfbk&ifrBuD;qD ajym&wJUudpötxd ygw,f/ wpfOD;csif; yk*¾vdu

a&;&mjzpfwJU a&ydkufqufwJU udpö? aq;vkH;rsKdrdwJU udpöuae trsm;jynfol

eJUqdkifwJU aq;&kH? rD;owfXme? &Jpcef;wdkUqD taMumif;Mum;&wJU ta&;tcif; rsm;

txd pkHw,f/ bmoma&;tjiif;yGm;rI? bmoma&; 0g'jzefUcsDrIrsm;? tMurf;zuf

aomif;usef;olwkdU&JU AkH;cGJ&ufpufrIrsm;vnf; ygvdkufao;/ 'DvdkeJU uRefawmfwkdU[m

143

uaeU urÇmBuD;rSm vTrf;NcKHaewJU vlwdkU pdwfaomua&mufp&mrsm;udk owif;pm

zwfovdkod&Sd Mu&w,f/ uaeU urÇmBuD;&JU o&kyfouefay:vmw,f/

'gayr,fh 'gawG[m ted|m&kHawGyJ/ 'Dvdkowfwm? AkH;cGJwmrsm;udk rvkyfMu

ygeJUvdkU awmh uAsmu wdkuf&dkufrqdkbl;/ 'Dvdkvkyf&wmol r[kwf&aMumif;yg/

ol[m aMumifudk vnf; roif;? vludkvnf;rowf&aMumif;ygvdkU ol tjypfrJUykHudkyJ

vdr®myg;eyfpGm qdkvdkuf w,f/ 'Dawmh olUuAsm[m Mo0g'rqefbJeJU rodrom

ajymcsifwmav; ajymjywJU uAsm jzpfoGm;NyD; tifrwefrSvnf; xdrdvdkUoGm;w,f/

NyKH;&rvdkeJU av;eufvdkUvnf; oGm;ap w,f/

a&mifpkHpuúLav;awG trsKd;rsKd;udk jzwfnSyfum uwfjym;ay:ykHazmfwJU

yef;csDudk ]aumfvmh*sf (Collage) vdkU ac:ygw,f/ tvm;wl[dku'Du

taMumif;t&m tcsuf tvufrsKd;pkHudk a&m>yrf;a&;zGJUwJUuAsmrsKd;vnf; ]aumfvmh*sf

uAsmvdkU ac:w,f/ ck uAsm[m tJovdk uAsmrsKd;ygyJ/

tck jrefrmvdka&;MunfhMuygr,f/

eHygwfrSm;aeNyD

Aufwfygvm;/ uRefr aMumifudk

vkyfay;vdkufNyDqdk

tck aooGm;NyD&Sifh/

eHygwfrSm;aeNyD

q&mawmfygvm;/

q&mawmfr[kwfvm; ajymwm

xm0&bk&m; aoNyDvdkU/

eHygwfrSm;aeNyD

144

aq;&kHuygvm;/ uRefra,mufsm;av

uRefr om;? uRefr tar av/

eHygwfrSm;aeNyD

rD;owfygvm;/ aq;qdkifuygvm;/

usKyf aq;vkH;awG rsKdvdkufrdNyD/

'kwd,vmjcif; vmNyD/

ydkufacgif;,dkaevdkU/ AkH;aygufuJGoH

Mum;vdkU/

ydkufq&mvm;/

jrwfpGmbk&m;? MumvScsnfh/

tdkiftmatygvm;/ bk&ifrBuD;ygvm;/

usKyf r[kwf&ygbl;/

usKyf zkef;aumufudkif&kHyg/

usKyf aMumifudk NrKHatmif rvkyfcJU/

bmudkrS

rvkyfcJJUyg? wu,fyg/

vludk owfvnf; rowf

a&m*gvnf; ukray;pzl;yg/ vmjyefNyD

usKyf zkef;aumufudkifvdkufw,f/

usKyf r[kwf&ygbl;

avm&JefUpf vm;em;

145

WILD OATS

The mud on my feet, mother,

Is from the long journey

I made, deluded that at the end

I should find wisdom and peace.

I trudged the hot red roads

And the hills that strive to touch the stars,

And came upon a clear river

In the folds of a valley.

I watched how it overcame the hills

By curling around their feet.

And stretching out on its way

To the sea. It was then

I heard the anguished cry,

Mother, to come back to your breast.

Kwesi Brew

rdcif&JU&ifcGif

uAsmacgif;pOfrSmygwJU Oat qdkwm *sKHpyg;wpfrsKd;ygyJ/ uRefawmfwdkU

qDrSmawmh olUudk jyKjyifpDrHxm;wJU ]auGumtkwf (Quaker Oats) udk

vlrrmpm;wJU tpmtjzpf vlod rsm;oaygh/ olwdkUqDrSmawmh jrif;udkvJ 'D Oats

auR;ygw,f/ Wild Oats qdkwJU uAsmacgif;pOf[m t*Fvdyfqdk&dk;pum; ‘To sow

wild oats u wpfydkif;wpfp jzwf,lxm;wmyg/ tdrfaxmif&ufom;us?

twnfwus rjzpfEdkifao;cif? ay[,f? aw[,f vli,fbm0 taysmfusL;

aewmudk To sow wild oats vdkUajymMuw,f/

146

tJ'D uAsmxJu oli,f[m aysmf[,fyg;[,f ayawaecJUwmr[kwfayr,fh

rdcif&JU &ifcGifu xGufajy;aecJUolawmh jzpfw,f/ b,fvdkxGufajy;aecJUwmvJ?

olUuAsmudk zwfMunfhygav/

The mud on my feet uRefawmhajcaxmufay:u &THU[m

Mother tara&U (uAsmudkom;u tarudk ajymjyae[ef a&;zGJUxm;w,f)

is from the long journey I made uRefawmfxGufcJUwJU c&D;&Snfuyg

c&D;&Snf xGuf&mu &cJUwJU&THUygwJU/

deluded that xifa,mifrSm;rdvdkU (0gusu rqkH;ao;? qufzwf? bmudk

xifa,mif rSm;rdwmvJ)

at the end tqkH;rSm? c&D;&JU tqkH;rSm

I should find wisdom and peace OmPfynmeJU Nidrf;csrf;rIudk

awGU&Sdvdrfhr,f? &vdrfhr,f (xifrSwfrSm;rdvdkU c&D;&SnfxGufcJUwm ygwJU)

I trudged the hot red roads yljyif;eD&JwJU vrf;awGrSm c&D;Murf;

ESifcJUw,f

And the hills that strive to touch the stars Mu,fawGudkxdzdkU

tm;xkwfaewJU awmifawG? rdk;xdvkeD; jrifhrm;wJU awmifawG (ay: c&D;Murf;

ESifcJUw,f)

And come upon a clear river MunfvifwJU jrpfwpfpif;qDa&mufvmcJU

w,f

In the folds of a valley awmifMum;wpfck&JU csKdifhawGxJ (MunfvifwJU

jrpfwpf pif;qD a&mufcJUw,f)

I watched how it overcame the hills ol(jrpf) awmifawGudk

b,fykHtEdkif,l vdkufw,fqdkwmudk uRefawmfMunfhrdw,f

by curling around their feet awmifajc&if;awGudk pD;ywfacG&pfum

And stretching out on its way to the sea yifv,fqD olUc&D; udk

qefUwef;oGm;wJUykHudk (uRefawmf Munfhaerdw,f)

147

It was then tJ'DtcgrSmyJaygh (rqkH;ao;? qufzwf)

I heard the anguished cry ylaqG;EGrf;vswJU atmfoHudk Mum;vdkuf

&w,f (rqkH;ao;)

mother tara&U

To come back to your breast tarh&ifcGifqD jyefvmcJUzdkU (atmfac:

oHudkMum;vdkuf&w,f)

uAsmxJu vli,fu ol[mOmPfynmeJU Nidrf;csrf;rIudk c&D;qkH;rSm &vdrfhr,f

vdkU arSmufrSm;,kHMunfrdwJUtwGuf c&D;&SnfxGufcJUw,f? aeylusJusJxJrSm vrf;awG

ay:avQmuf? awmifjrifhBuD;awG ausmfwufum c&D;Murf;ESifcJUygw,fwJU/ aemufqkH;

rSmawmh awmifMum; wpfck&JU csKdifhawGxJ pD;qif;aewJU Munfvifat;jrwJU

jrpfwpfpif;qD a&mufvmawmhw,f/ jrpf[m awmifajc&if;udk acGywfum awmif

awGudk tEdkif,lvdkufNyD; udk,foGm;vdk&m yifv,fqD qefUwef;c&D;xGufoGm;wmudk

jrif&awmhw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSmyJ tarhqD jyefvmcJU zdkU ylaqG;EGrf;vsatmfac:oHudk

Mum;vdkuf&ygawmhowJU/

'guAsm&JU pmom;awGu ajymaewJU tay:,H qdkvdk&if;yg/ twGif;om;

t"dyÜm,frSm wpfckckudk wifpm;ajymqdkaew,fqdkwm odomygw,f/ c&D;&Snfqdkwm

wu,fhc&D; [kwfykH r&ygbl;/ OmPfynmeJU Nidrf;csrf;rIudk &SmykHawmfusL;cJUwmvdkU

qdkxm;wJUtwGuf ynm&&m&aMumif;? pdwåokc &&m&aMumif; tywfwukwf

cJ&mcJqpf tm;xkwfBudK;yrf;cJUwmudkyJ qdkvdk[ef&Sdygw,f/ jrpf[m awmif&JUajc&if;

udk acG&pfywf0dkufum pD;qif;&if; awmifudktEdkif,lw,fqdkwm 'Dawmifudk

jzwfausmfwufraeawmhbJ udk,foGm;vdk&m yifv,fqDudk oGm;EdkifcJUw,fvdkU

ajymwmyg/ olvJolU&Ju OmPfynmeJU Nidrf;csrf;rI&SmykHawmf c&D;rSm awmifwef;BuD;

ozG,f a&SUu wm;qD;aewJU tcuftcJBuD;udk ausmfvTm;p&mrvdk? ab;ua0hum

0dkufumom vdk&mc&D;oGm;Edkifw,f? OmPfynmeJU Nidrf;csrf;rIudk &Edkifw,fvdkU ajym

wmyg/ b,frSm &EdkifrSmvJ/ rdcif&JU &ifcGifrSmvdkU uAsmq&mu qdkxm;w,f/

udk,fhtdk;udk,fhtdrf udk,fhZmwdrSmyJ &Edkifw,fvdkU ajymwmjzpfw,f/

148

uAsmq&m oauFwjyKajymaewmudk rdrdBuKHawGUae&wJU tajctae

eJUcsdefxdk;um vdk&mzGifhqdk em;vnfEdkifayvdrfhr,f/ Oyrmwpfckuawmh awmNrdKUrSm

aeol wpfOD;u a&TNrdUawmfBuD;wufrS ynm&Sdr,f? csrf;omr,fvdkU txifa&muf

aew,f qkdygawmh/ a&TNrdKUawmfwufrS r[kwfygbl;/ udk,fhZmwd awmNrdKU awm&Gm

rSmyJ avmutaMumif; odaumif; p&mawG &Sdaeygw,f/ 'DrSmyJ ynm&Sdjzpfum

pdwfcsrf;om&m(Nidrf;csrf;rI)&Edkifygw,fvdkU qdkvdkw,f/ aiGt&if;tESD; rsm;rsm;&SdrS

csrf;omwdk;wufEdkifr,f xifrSwfaeol wpfOD;udkvJ aiG&if;r&SdvdkU pdwfysufraeygeJU?

udk,fhtajctaerSmyJ ynm&SmEdkifw,f/ pdwåokc&Edkifw,f vdkU qdkvdkygw,f/

uJ.... 'DuAsmav;udk ]pum;vkH;csif;&Sif;jyNyD;wJUaemuf jrefrmvdk uAsm

tjzpf bmomjyefMunfhMu&atmif/ olUrl&if;uAsmu um&efpepf? rMwmpepfudk

rokH;ygbl;? uRefawmfwdkUvJ olUvdkyJ a&;csMunfhr,f/

pyg;&dkif;

uRefawmfh ajcay:u &THU[m? tara&U

c&D;tqkH;rSm ynmeJU okc

awGU&r,f xifrSwfrSm;um

xGufcJUwJU c&D;&Snfuaygh/

yljyif; eD&Jvrf;awGeJU Mu,frsm;vdk xdzdkU

tm;xkwfwJU awmifawGay: c&D;ESifcJU/

awmifMum;&JU csKdifhawGrSm

Munfvif jrpfwpfpif;qD a&muf&/

awmifajcawGudk &pfywfum yifv,fqD

olUvrf; qefUwefU&if; awmifawGudk

jrpf tEdkif,lykHudk Munfhrd/ tJ'DawmhrS

tarhqD jyefvmcJUzkdU

149

ylaqG;EGrf;vs atmfac:oHudk

uRefawmf Mum;rdw,f tar/

auGqD b&l;

150

A TIME TO TALK

When a friend calls to me from the road

And slows his horse to a meaning walk,

I don't stand still and look around

On all the hills I haven't hoed,

And shout from where I am, 'What is it?'

No, not as there is a time to talk.

I thrust my hoe in the mellow ground,

Blade­end up and five feet tall,

And plod: I go up to the stone wall

For a friendly visit.

Robert Frost

pum;vufqkH

uRefawmfhrdwfaqGwpfpk[m wpfywfwpfcg pum;0dkif;zGJUavh&Sdw,f/ xl;xl;

axGaxG ajymp&m aqG;aEG;p&m&Sdw,fvdkU&,f r[kwfygbl;/ cifrifMuolcsif; awGUqkH

NyD; pum;vufqkH us&wmudku t&omwpfck? vlUpnf;pdrfwpfckvdkU ,lqrdMu

vdkUygyJ/

pmay? EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;qdkwmrsKd;vJ ajymcsifajymjzpfr,f/ vlUcGpm

jzpfaewJU rdwfaqGwpfa,muftaMumif; twif;tzsif; jzpfcsifvJjzpfr,f/ wpfcg

wav wwfEdkifwJUtcgrsm; usKdufxD;&dk;vdk? ppfudkif;awmifvdkawmif wyifwyef;

wufNyD; rtdyfEdkif rem;Edkif pum;ajymypfvdkufMurdao;&JU/

vl[m tvkyfvkyfvdkUcsnf; raeEdkifacsbl;/ tm;csdefxm;NyD; pmzwfwJU

tcgzwf? vrf;avQmufwJUtcgavQmuf? yGJvrf;vdk azsmfajzrIwpfckck MunfhwJU

tcgMunfh? taygif; toif;eJU pum;rsm;wJU tcgvJ rsm;&ayvdrfhr,f/ wpfcsdefvkH;

vufzuf&nfqdkifxkdif? avyef;aezdkUom roifhawmfwm/ 'DtaMumif;udk pma&;

151

q&m? uAsmq&mawG a&;MuvSygNyD/ uRefawmfwkdUi,fi,fuvnf; oifcJU&NyD;

tckvJ q,fwef;ausmif;om;awGtzdkU t*FvdyfpmrSm jy|mef;xm;wJU uAsmav;

wpfyk'fuvnf; tJ'DtaMumif;yJ zGJUxm;w,f (Leisure ygwJU)/ tar&duef

trsKd;om;uAsmq&mBuD; a&mbwfza&mhpfuvJ pum;ajymzdkU tcsdefqdkwm vdktyf

wJUtaMumif; uAsmwpfyk'f zGJUcJUzl;ygw,f/ 'DuAsmudk tck wifqufvdkygw,f/

yxrqkH; uAsmudk udk,fhbmom tptqkH; zwfMunfhNyD; udk,fb,favmuf

xd em;vnfovJ ppfaq;Munfhygav/ NyD;rS &Sif;vif;csufrsm;udk zwfMunfhyg/

acgif;pOf A Time to Talk qdkwm ]pum;ajymzdkUtcsdefwpfcsdefaygh/

When ... 'Dvdk0gusudk When eJU pxm;&if 'Dyk'fpk[m b,ftxd

qdkifovJqdkwmudk &SmMunfh&w,f/ 'DrSm walk xdqdkifw,f/ jrefrmvdkrSm ]wJUtcg

qdkwmudk tJ'DaemufqkH;rSmrS ajym&r,f/

a friend calls to me from the road rdwfaqGwpfOD;u usKyfudk

vrf;uae atmfac:

and NyD;

slows his horse to a meaning walk olUjrif;udk t"dyÜm,f&Sd&Sd

vrf;avQmufykHrsKd; aES;apvdkufwJUtcg ('DrSmrS when udkvmNyD; qufpyfay;

ygw,f/)

jrif;[m ajy;wJUtaumifrsKd;/ tJ'Dvdkajy;wJU taumifudkvrf;avQmufwJU

tqifhrsKd; xd aES;apwmudkyJ slows to a walk vdkU okH;xm;w,f/ 'Dvdkjrif;udk

jznf;jznf;av; oGm;apwmudku t"dyÜm,f&Sdw,f/ olUrdwfaqGeJU &yfpum;ajym

OD;r,fqdkwJU &nf&G,fcsuf aygh/ 'gudk ]a meaning walkvdkU zGJUygw,f/

I don't .... 'DrSmvJ don't qdkwJU pum;vkH;[m b,ftxd

tusKH;0ifovJ qufzwfMunfh&w,f/ I don't stand...., I don't look...., I

don't shout.... Bud,mokH;ckeJU tusKH;0ifaewmudk awGU&vdrfhr,f/

I don't stand still NidrfNidrfav; &yfraeygbl;/

(I don't)look around ywf0ef;usif vSnfhrMunfhygbl;/

152

On all the hills I haven't hoed usKyfrwl;qG&ao;wJU awmifukef;

tm;vkH;ay: (vSnfhrMunfhygbl;)

And (I don't) shout from where I am udk,f&Sd&muae vSrf;ratmf

ygbl;/

What is it? bmvJvdkU (vSrf;ratmfygbl;)

No.... twdtusuawmh ]r[kwfbl;vdkUjzpfayr,fh 'Dvdkae&mrsKd;rSm

jrefrmu ][kwfuJUvdkUyJ ajymwmudk owdjyKygav/ Oyrm-t*Fvdyfu Don't you

know it? (rodbl;vm;)vdkUar;&if No, I don't(know)vdkU ajzw,f/ jrefrmu

][kwfuJU rodygbl;vdkU ajzw,f/

not... txufu I don't (stand, look, shout)awGudk jyefNyD;awmh not

wpfvkH;wnf;eJU nTef;wmyg/

as there is a time to talk pum;ajymzdkU tcsdefqdkwm &SdwJUtwGuf

(tJovdk rvkyfygbl; ratmfygbl;)

I thrust my hoe aygufwl;udk ypfcsvdkufw,f (pdkufvdkufw,f)

in the mellow ground aysmhaysmif;wJUajrrSm (aygufwl;udk pdkufvdkuf

w,f)

Blade­end up aygufwl;&JUtoGm;udk tay:axmifum

and five feet tall ig;aytjrifheJU (axmifvdkufw,f)

and plod av;av;wGJUwGJU vrf;avQmufvmcJUw,f/

for a friendly visit rdwfaqGtcsif;csif; awGUqkHMuzdkU «txufu

pmom;awGudk aygif;vdkufawmh ]aygufwl;udk ajrBuD;xJ pdkufxm;cJUum rdwfaqGcsif;

awGUMuzdkU vSrf;vmcJUw,f»

'Dae&mrSm uAsmq&m v,form;BuD;[m rdwfaqG&JU ac:oHudk Mum;vdkuf&

awmh vkyf&if;wef;vef; tvkyfawG wpfykHwpfyif&SdwmudkyJ xm;ypfcJUum (]rwl;rqG

ao;&wJU awmifukef;awG) rdwfaqG&Sd&m vmcJUwmudk owdjyKygav/ b,favmuf

153

rsm; rdwfaqGtaygif;toif;eJU pum;ajym&wmudk cHwGif;awGUvdkufovJvdkU/

wdkwdkwkwfwkwf uAsmav; wpfyk'fjzpfayr,fvdkU xnfhxm;wJU tao;pdwf

tcsuftvuf wdusrSefuefykHudkvnf; rSwfom;tyfw,f/ jrif;eJUvmwJUvluvnf;

jAKef;qdkjrif;udk &yfvdkufwmr[kwfbJ rdwfaqG vifr,m;udkvSrf;ac:NyD; jrif;udk

jznf;jznf;av;yJ vrf;avQmufovdk pD;vmcJUykH? tac:cH& wJU v,form;uvnf;

NidrfNidrf&yfvdkuf&if; ]a[-bmvJvdkU jyefvSrf;atmfwmrsKd; r[kwfbJ wl;qGvufp

aygufwl;udk wl;qGaygif;oifaeqJrdkU El;nHUaysmhaysmif;aewJU ajrBuD;xJ ypfpdkuf

vdkufykH? pdkuf&mrSm toGm;udkaxmifNyd; pdkufykH? 'gawG[m wu,fh vufawGU

b0uom &EdkifwJU o&kyfazmfuGufawGjzpfw,f/ wu,fvJ rvkyfzl;bJeJU

pdwful;,OfNyD;a&;vdkU 'DvdkjzpfrvmEdkifbl;/ a&mbwfza&mhpf[m tdrfaxmifus

NyD;wJUaemuf v,fvkyfaecJUao;wmudk owd&ygav/

tck vkH;csif; &Sif;vif;jyNyD;om;av;awGudk jrefrmvdkjyefpDMunfhMuatmif/

bmom jyefwm rl&if;pmom;udk b,fenf;ESifhrS b,fawmhrS rrDEdkifbl;qdkwJU

qdk&dk;pum;&Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifhpmayudk t&om&Sd&Sd cHpm;csif&if rl&if;udk zwf&w,f/

xm;ygawmh... tck rl&if;udk zwfMuNyD;NyDav/ &wefoa&GU jrefrmuAsm

vkyfMunfhr,f/

pum;ajymzdkUtcsdef

rdwfaqGwpfa,muf usKyfudk vrf;ay:u ac:?

olUjrif;udk t"dyÜm,f&Sd&Sd vrf;avQmufaES;apwJUtcg?

usKyf Nidrf&yf? aygif;roif&ao;wJU

awmifukef;wpf0dkuf vSrf;MunfhwJUNyD;?

udk,f&Sd&mu ]bmvJvdkU ratmfygbl;/

[kwfw,f? pum;ajymzdkU tcsdefqdkwm &Sdao;wmyJ/

aygufwl;udk aysmhnHUajrrSm ypfpdkufvdkufw,f?

154

toGm;udk tay:axmif? ig;ay jrifhjrifhaygh/

NyD; vSrf;cJUw,f? ausmufwkH;eH&HqD oGm;awmhw,f?

rdwfaqGcsif; awGUqkHMuzdkU/

a&mbwf za&mhpf

155

MAKE BELIEVE

Say I were not sixty,

say you weren't near­hundred,

say you were alive.

Say my verse was read

in some distant country,

and say you were idly turning the pages:

The blood washed from your shirt,

the tears from your eyes,

the earth from your bones;

neither missing since 1940,

nor dead as reported later

by a friend of friend of a friend...

Quite dapper you stand in that bookshop

and chance upon my clues.

That is why at sixty

when some publisher asks me

for biographical details,

I still carefully give

the year of my birth,

the name of my hometown:

GERDA MAYER born '27, in Karlsbad,

Czechoslovakia.... write to me, father.

Gerda Mayer

156

&SmykHawmf uAsmwpfyk'f

jreffrmpmayrSm awmifwGif;OD;aMumh&JU &SmykHawmfuAsm (pkHeHUomNrdKif &SmykH

awmfBuD;) [m uAsmrSwfwdkif xlcJUw,fvdkUqdk&r,f/ cifyGef;onf a,mufsm;

aysmufoGm;wJU rif;orD;av; [dkawmxJa&muf? onfawmifay:a&mufeJU oem;p&m

&SmykHawmfusL;&ykHudk wcrf;wem; a&;zJGUxm;wJU uAsmt&SnfBuD;yg/ olUudkwkyNyD;

r,m;aysmuf&SmykHawmf bmnm pojzifh a&;Muao;w,f/ aemufydkif; aw;csif;awG

rSmvnf; bm&SmykHawmf? nm&SmykHawmf pojzifh wdkwdkxGmxGmay:vmcJUNyD; ]&SmykHawmf

qdkwJU pum;vkH;[mvJ jrefrmpum;xJ wpfp wpfp 0ifa&mufvmcJUawmhw,f/

ppftwGif; aysmufoGm;&wJU vifjzpfoludk &SmykHawmfusL;wJU Zmwfvrf;udk

&kyf&Sif &dkufcJUzl;wm tifrwefatmifjrifNyD; jrefrmEdkifiHrSm vlBudKufrsm;cJUygw,f

(Sunflowers) tck wifqufr,fh uAsmuawmh zcif&SmykHawmf uAsm/

a&;ol *Ja&'g rm,J&f[m vli,fb0uyJ csufudkqvm;AD;,m; jynfuae

taemufbufodkU xGufajy;vmcJUum tckNAdwdefrSm aexdkifolyg/ 1927rSm arG;w,f

qdkawmh uAsma&;wJU 1987rSm touf 60&SdygNyD/ olUtaz tmef(v')pwdkif;[m

*smrefawG tzrf;cH&um 1939 rSm epfudk&Sd *smreftusOf;pcef;u vGwfajrmuf

xGufajy;NyD; &koQawG odrf;ydkufxm;wJU vJrfbm*fudk a&mufoGm;w,f/ 1940

aEG&moDrSm tpaysmufoGm;jyef w,f/ &koQpcef;wpfckckrSm aoqkH;oGm;cJUNyDvdkUyJ

,lqcJUMu&ygw,f/ 'gudkyJ om;jzpfolu rdrd(om;)touf 60 tbdk;BuD; jzpfvm

wJUtxd rarhwJUEdkif woojzpfum taz&SmykH awmf uAsma&;vdkufykH[m

&ifeifhp&muav; jzpfaeygw,f/

*J&'g rm,J&f[m csufvlrsKd;jzpfayr,fh i,fi,fuwnf;u taemufudk

a&mufvmcJUolrdkU uAsma&;awmh t*FvdyfvdkyJ a&;ygw,f/ tckuAsm[m

oludk,fwdkif t*Fvdyfvdk a&;wJUuAsmyg/ zwfMunfhMu&atmif/

157

uAsmacgif;pOf Make Believe qdkwm uav;rsm;bmvkyfwrf;nmvkyfwrf;

upm; w,fqdkovdkrsKd;? wu,fr[kwfwmudk [kwfav[ef pdwful;,Of vkyfMunfh

wmudk ajymwm yg/ jrefrmvdk ],kHwrf;vdkUjyefvdkufw,f/

Say I were not sixty uRefawmfhtoufu ajcmufq,fr[kwfbl;qdkygpdkU?

wu,fu ajcmufq,f&SdaeNyD/ 'gaMumifh t*FvdyfvdkokH;&mrSm I were vdkU

qdk&w,f/

Say you weren't near­hundred tazhtoufuvJ wpf&meD;yg;r&Sdao;

ygbl; qdkygpdkU/ wu,fu &SdNyD/

Say you were alive taztouf&Sifaeao;w,f qdkygpdkU/ wu,f

uawmh b,ft&yfb,fpcef; a&mufaeae? toufwpf&meD;yg;&SdaerSawmh

touf&Sifvsuf&SdzkdU rvG,fawmhygbl;/

Say my verse was read in some distant country uRefawmhfuAsm

udk a0;vHwJU wdkif;jynfwpfjynfrSm zwfMuw,f qdkygpdkU/ wu,fawmh rm,J&f&JU

uAsmudk t*Fvef? tar&duef pwJU t*Fvdyfpum;ajym wdkif;jynfrsm;rSm

zwfaeMuNyDjzpfayr,fh csufudkpvdkAm;uD;,m;? &koQpwJU wdkif;jynfrsm;rSm zwfzdkU

qdkwmuawmh tJ'Dwkef;u rjzpfEdkifygbl;/ pmtkyfudk qdkifay:wifr,fawmif

r[kwfacsbl;/

And say you were idly turning the pages taz(uAsmpmtkyf)pmrsuf

ESmawGudk ysif;ysif;&d&d vSefavSmaew,fqdkygpdkU/ pmtkyfudkqdkifay:awmif rwifwm?

b,f tbdk;BuD;vufxJ a&mufvdrfhrvJ/

The blood washed from your shirt tazh&SyftuFsDu aoG;udk

aq;aMumum/ *smreftusOf;pcef;u xGufajy;vmwJU olUzcifudk pdwful;,Of

o&kyfazmfaewm jzpfw,f/

the tears from your eyes tazhrsufvkH;awGu rsuf&nfawGudk

(aq;aMum um)/

158

the earth from your bones tazht&dk;awGu ajrBuD;udk(aq;aMumum)/

'Dyg'rSmawmh olUtazudk aoNyDvdkUyJ pdwfxJucH,lxm;vdkufykH&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh

taz ao&mu &Sifvmw,fqdkygpdkUvdkU ,kHwrf;pum; ajymMunfhvdkufwmyg/

Neither missing since 1940 1940uwnf;u aysmufvJraysmuf/

nor dead as reported later by a friend of a friend of a friend

rdwfaqGwpfa,muf&JU rdwfaqGwpfa,muf&JU rdwfaqGwpfa,mufu aemif owif;

ay;ovdk aovJrao/ (wpfa,mufpum; wpfa,muf vufqifhurf;wmudkyJ

ay:vGifatmif ]rdwfaqGwpfa,mufudk okH;cgxyfajymxm;yg/)

Quite dapper you stand in that bookshop prwfususeJUtaz tJ'D

pmtkyfqdkifrSm rwfwyf&yf/ (olUtaz raobJapmapmu ajymcJUwJUwdkif;jynfu

pmtkyfqdkifrSm a&mufoGm;av[ef pdwful;,OfMunfhwm/)

and chance upon my clues uREfawmf&JU oJvGefp (ay;xm;wmav;)

awGudk rawmfrqawGUoGm;w,f(qdkygpdkU)/ (uAsmq&mrm,J&f[m olUtaz

olUudkrSwfrdNyD; qufoG,fEdkifzdkU olUuAsmpmtkyfrSm tNrJoJvGefpav;awG

ay;xm;avh&Sdw,f? qufzwfMunfh)

That is why at sixty 'gaMumifhyJ toufajcmufq,ft&G,frSm

When some publisher asks me for biographical details

xkwfa0olwpfOD;u uRefawmfhudk txkyÜwåd tcsuftvufrsm;awmif;&if/

I still carefully give uRefawmftckxufxd *&kwpdkufay;wkef;yJ

(bmudkay; ovJ qufzwf)/

the year of my birth uRefawmf arG;wJUESpf&,f/

the name of my hometown uRefawmhf Zmwdcsufa<uNrdKU&JU trnf&,f/

Gerda Mayer *J&'g rm,J&f

born'27 \(19)27rSm arG;

in Karlsbad, Czechoslovakia csufudkpvdkAm;uD;,m;jynf?

um;vqbmh'f NrdKUrSm (arG;)/ ('gawGu olUtazBuKHvdkU zwfrd&if od&atmif

uAsmpmtkyfrSm olay;xm; wJU oJvGefpawGyg? 'gaMumifh-)

159

write to me, father uRefawmfhqD pma&;yg tazwJU/

tckwpfyg'csif; &Sif;jy&mrSm you udk]tazvdkUyJ a&;cJUygw,f/ 'gayr,fh

uAsmudk pzwfwJU vl[m you qdkwm b,folrSef;rod&ao;bJ aemufqkH;yg'usrS

taz rSef;od&wmyg/ 'gaMumifhtptqkH;jrefrmvdkjyefNyD; a&;wJUae&mrSm you

udk]cifAsm;vdkUyJ okH;vdkufygw,f/ 'grS uAsm&JU wpfqifhwpfqifhwufoGm;wJU

Suspense oabmav;ay: vGifayvdrfhr,f/ udk,fhtazudk ]cifAsm;vdkU

ac:wm[m jrefrmpum;rSm &dkif;awmh&dkif;yg w,f/ 'gayr,fh rwwfEdkifbl;?

uAsm&orysuf&atmif ]cifAsm;yJ okH;vdkuf&ygw,f/ zwfMunfhyg/

,kHwrf;

uRefawmf ajcmufq,f r&Sdao;bl; qdkygpdkU?

cifAsm; wpf&meD;yg; r&Sdao;bl; qdkygpdkU?

cifAsm; touf&SifqJyJ qdkygpdkU/

a0;vHwJU wdkif;jynf wpfjynfjynfrSm

uRefawmfhuAsmudk zwfMuw,f qdkygpdkU?

cifAsm; pmrsufESmawGudk avQmufvSefaew,f qdkygpdkU/

cifAsm; &Syftusøu aoG;udk?

rsufvkH;awGu rsuf&nfudk?

t&dk;awGu ajrBuD;udk aq;aMumcJUum/

1940 uwnf;u aysmufvJ raysmuf?

rdwfaqG&JU rdwfaqG&JU rdwfaqGu

aemif owif;ay;ovdk aovJ rao....

160

prwfususeJU cifAsm; tJ'DpmtkyfqdkifrSm &yf

uRefawmfhoJvGefpawG rawmfwq oGm;awGU/

'gaMumifhyJ ajcmufq,f&G,frSm

xkwfa0ol wpfOD;OD;u uRefawmfhudk

txkyÜwåd tcsuftvufrsm;awmif;&if?

ckxd aoaocsmcsm ay;vdkufrdw,f

uRefawmfarG;wJUESpf?

uRefawmfh ZmwdNrdU trnfudk-

*J&'g rm,J&f? csufudkqvdkAm;uD;,m;jynf?

um;vqbmh'frSm? 27 ckrSmarG;... uRefawmhfqD pma&;yg? taz/

*J&'g rm,J&f

161

THOSE WINTER SUNDAYS

Sundays too my father got up early

and put his clothes on in the blueblack cold,

then with cracked hands that ached

from labor in the weekday weather made

banked fires blaze. No one ever thanked him.

I'd wake and hear the cold splintering, breaking.

When the rooms were warm, he'd call.

and slowly I would rise and dress,

fearing the chronic angers of that house,

Speaking indifferently to him,

who had driven out the cold

and polished my good shoes as well.

What did I know, what did I know

of love's austere and lonely offices?

Robert Hayden

jrif;rdk&fawmifOD; ruusL;om;

rdbarwåmudk zGJUwJUuAsmawG uRefawmfwkdU wdkif;jynfa&m urÇmrSmyg

ra&rwGuf Edkifatmif rsm;jym;vGef;aeygNyD/ qufvufNyD;awmhvnf; zGJUMuqJygyJ/

'DavmuftyfaMumif; xyfaewJU t&mwpfckudk bmaMumifhrsm; zGJUMuygvdrfh/

awmfavmufNyD xifyg&JU/ uAsmzGJU w,f qdkwmtaMumif;t&m t"du r[kwf

ygbl;/ b,fvdkzGJUovJqdkwmom ta&;BuD; w,fqdkwmudk oabmayguf&ifjzifh

'Dar;cGef;[m ar;p&m rvdkacsbl;/ taMumif;t&m xyfayr,fh a&;zJGUykHrxyf&if?

olrsm;eJU rwl&if zGJUEdkifwmygyJ/

tck wifqufr,fh uAsmudk Munfhav/ rdbarwåmudk zGJUxm;wmyJ

jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh bmrS crf;crf;em;em; BuD;BuD;us,fus,f tjzpftysufawmh

162

r[kwfacsbl;/ omref rdbt&dyftm0goatmufrSm aexdkifcJU&wJUolwdkif; cyfqif

qif BuKHawGUzl;r,fh rxl;qef;vSwJU b0tuGufuav;wpfuGufudk uav;b0

udk,fawGUxJu xkwfEkwfwifjy xm;wmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh MunfEl;p&m? vGrf;qGwf

p&m? wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ aMuuJGp&muav; jzpfaewmudk awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/

udk,fusKd;riJUwJU rdb&JUarwåmeJU uav;i,fwkdU&JU rodqdk; &Gm;EdkifvSykHudk uAsmq&m

a&mbwfa['if olUuav;b0 udk,fawGUudk jyefajymif;owd& xm;ykHudk

zwfMunfhprf;ygbd/

acgif;pOfu Those Winter Sundays ]tJ'Daqmif;&moD we*FaEGaeUrsm;

wJU/

]tJ'D qdkwma0;vHwJU olUi,fpOfawmifaus;uav;b0 aeU&ufrsm;udk

nTef;aew,fvdkU em;vnf&ygr,f/ we*FaEGvdkU ajym&wmudkawmh zwfMunfh&if

oabmaygufvdrfhr,f/

yxrtydk'f-

Sundays too my father got up early we*FaEGaeUrsm;rSmvnf;

uRefawmfhtaz tapmBuD;tdyf&mxw,f/ ]vnf;vdkU okH;xm;wJUtwGuf cgwdkif;

vnf; tapmBuD;xw,fvdkU od&w,f/ we*FaEGtm;vyf&ufvnf; rem;bl;?

apmapmxwmygyJ wJU/

and put his clothes on t0wftpm;0wfw,f/ n0wfudkcRwfNyD; aeUcif;

t0wftpm; vJwmudkajymwmyg/

in the blueblack cold eufjyma&mif tat;xJrSm (t*Fvdyfpum;rSm

at;vGef;&if rsufESmawG? vufawGjymvmw,fvdkU okH;avh&Sdw,f/ wpfcg

&dkufvdkUESufvdkU tndKtrnf;xifwmudkvnf; t*Fvdyfu ]teuftjymxifw,fvdkU

okH;jyefw,f/ teuf [mtr*Fvm t"dyÜm,fudkvnf; aqmifjyefw,f/

'gawGudkwGJNyD; at;wmudk tjymteuf tat;vdkU zGJUvdkufwmygyJ/)

163

then with cracked hands tJ'Daemuf uGJtufaewJU vufawGeJU

(tvkyfMurf; vkyfaeusrdkU vufawGrSm 'Pf&m'PfcsufawG? trm&GwfawG

jynfhaewmudk jyw,f/) 0gusrqkH;ao;? qufzwf)

that ached from labor in the weekday weather tvkyfvkyf

&ufrsm;rSm vkyf&wJU tvkyfaMumifh emusifudkufcJaewJU (vufrsm;eJU) twdtus

uawmh tvkyfvkyf &wJU &ufrsm;&JU rdk;avxJrSm&,fvdkU jzpfw,f/)

made banked fires blaze Mum&SnfcHatmif ausmufrD;aoG;rIefUponf

tkyfxm;wJU rD;udk tvQHnD;nD; awmufavmifvmatmif vkyfvdkufw,f/ (tdyf

aepOfu rD;udk Mum&SnfcHatmif tJovdkvkyfxm;wmyg)

no one thanked him b,folurS olUudk (tJovdk vkyfay;wJUtwGuf)

aus;Zl; wifpum; rqdkMubl;/

'kwd,tydk'f-

I'd wake and hear uRefawmfEdk;vmNyD; Mum;&w,f/ (bmudkMum;ovJ?

qufzwf)

the cold splintering, breaking tat;"mwf tydkif;ydkif; tpdwfpdwf

jzpfoGm;wm? NydKuGJwmudk (Mum;&w,f) (tat;"mwfavsmhyg;vmNyD; taEG;"mwf

0ifvm wmudkyJ tat;"mwfNydKuGJw,fvdkU zGJUygw,f)

When the rooms were warm tcef;awG aEG;vmwJUtcg (tdrfOD;cef;

rD;zdkBuD; u &J&JnD;rD;awG xdefvmawmh olUtcef;? udk,fhtcef;? wpftdrfvkH;rSm&SdwJU

tcef;awG aEG;vmw,f/)

he'd call olu ac:ygw,f/ (t*Fvdyfpum;rSm would udk okH;xm;wmu

tavhtxudk jyygw,f/ tazBuD;u tJovdkrD;zdkudk qGay;awmh uRefawmfvnf;

Edk;vm avh&Sdw,f/ aemufoluRefawmfhudk ac:avh&Sdw,fvdkU jzpfoGm;w,f/)

and slowly I would rise and dress jznf;jznf;uav; uRefawmfxNyD;

t0wf tpm;vJygw,f/ (vJavh&Sdygw,f/)

164

fearing the chronic angers of that house tJ'Dtdrf&JU xm0&a'go

awGudk aMumuf&GHUvsuf ('Dvdkqdkvdkufawmh 'DtdrfBuD;[m aMumufp&mBuD;vdkU

xifp&m jzpfr,f/ 'gayr,fh xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rSmu i,fpOfuav;b0rSmawmh

tazvnf; a'goBuD;? tarvnf; rmefrJqdkqJeJU aMumuf&GHUae&wmyJ r[kwfvm;/

'DqdkqdkqJqJxJrSmyJ arwåm[m &Sdaew,fqdkwmudk BuD;umrS jyefpOf;pm;MunfhrS

oabmaygufEdkifrSm jzpfw,f/)

0gus rqkH;ao;ayr,fh uAsmwpfydk'fawmh qkH;NyD/

wwd,tydk'f-

Speaking indifferently to him olUudkbmrS rxl;jcm;ovdktrIrJUtrSwfrUJ

pum;qdkvsuf (wu,fu olvkyfay;xm;vdkU tdrfxJrSm aEG;aEG;axG;axG;&Sd&NyD/

'gudk aus;Zl;wifpum;qdkzdkU aumif;wmaygh/ tckawmh tJovdk aus;Zl;pum; rqdk?

olUaus;Zl;udk Oayu©mjyKum trIrJUtrSwfrJUyJ wjcm;udpöyJ ajymw,f/) 0gusu

rqkH;ao;/

who had driven out the cold tat;"mwfudk armif;xkwfay;cJUwJU

(olUudk aus;Zl;pum;rqdk)

and polished my good shoes as well aemufNyD;aumif;aewJU

uRefawmfh&SL;zdeyfawG udk wdkufay;xm;wJU (olUudk omrefpum;yJqdkvsuf)

What did I know uRefawmf bmodvdkUwkef; (av;eufapcsifwJUtwGuf

'gudk ESpfcg ausmhxm;ay;ygw,f/) bmudkrodwmwkef;? 0gusu rqkH;ao;?

qufzwf/

of love's austere and lonely offices arwåmw&m;&JU

Murf;wrf;cufcJwJU wpfOD;wnf;omvkyf&wJU 0wå&m;rsm;taMumif;udk

(uRefawmfbmodvkdUwkef;) (rdbu om;orD;udkl vkyfaqmifay;wmrsKd;vdk

arwåmaMumifh xrf;&GufwJU 0wå&m;qdkwm cufcJyif yef;w,f/ cspfoltaru

tazu olUbmom olwpfOD;wnf;vkyfaqmif&wmjzpfw,f/ tck 'Dtbdk;Bud;udk

165

Munfhav/ olUbmomwpfa,mufwnf; tdyf&mux? rD;zdkudk rD;awG awmufatmif

vkyf? om;uav;zdeyfav;awGudk wdkufyGwfay;xm;&Smw,f r[kwfvm;?

'Dtvkyf[m cufcJyifyef;w,f? tazBuD;wpfOD;wnf; csrf;csrf;pD;pD;xJ tdyf&mu

cufcufcJ cJxNyD; vkyfae&Smwm? olrsm;awGu tdyfaumif;Muwkef;)

uAsmq&m[m olUuav;b0udk jyefajymif;owd&rdw,f/ aqmif;wGif;

tapmBuD; rSm olUtaz tdyf&mu xwwfwmudk owd&rdw,f/ tdyf&mux?

t0wftpm;vJNyD; tazBuD;[m rD;zdkxJrSm wtkHaEG;aEG;omjzpfaewJU rD;awGudk

w[kef;[kef;xavmifatmif vkyfvdkufw,f/ tJ'Dawmh tdrfxJrSmat;aewmawG

aysmufNyD; aEG;axG;oGm;&awmhw,f/ 'DaemuftazBuD;u uAsmq&mavmif;vsmudk

EId;w,f/ xcJU&w,f/ olUtazu taumif;BuD;yJ&Sdao;wJU olUzdeyfudkvnf;

ajymifvufatmifyGwfwdkufay;xm;wmudk awGU&w,f/ 'gayr,fh tjcm;olrsm;

enf;wl uAsmq&mu olUtazudk aus;Zl;wifpum; wpfcGef;rqdkbl;/ 'g

vkyf&dk;vkyfpOfyJ qdkovdkrsKd;? rodvdkufrodom wjcm;pum;yJ qdkrdowJU/

(bmaMumifh uAsmq&mavmif;udk EIdif;&ovJqdkwmudk xnfha&;rxm;ygbl;/

we*FaEGaeU qdkawmhum bk&m;ausmif;oGm;zdkUEdI;wm jzpfvdrfhr,fvdkU cefUrSef;&wmyJ/

zdeyfudkvnf; wdkufay;xm;w,fqdkawmh bk&m;ausmif;oGm;zdkU jzpfEdkifygw,f/)

uAsm&JU taMumif;t&muawmh 'gygyJ/ uAsmudk 'DtaMumif;t&mudk

A[dkjyKum? tazBuD;&Ju tvkyfMurf;aMumifh Murf;wrf;aewJUvuf? tat;"mwf?

tat;"mwf ysufjy,f&ykHwdkU&Ju tzGJUtEGJUrsm;eJU rGrf;rHum okH;ydk'f&atmif zGJUxm;

w,f/ rdbaus;Zl;? rdbarwåm BuD;rm;ykHudk BuD;rm;vSygayw,fvdkU wdkuf&dkuf

rqdkbJ ]uRefawmf bmodvdkUwkef; &,fvdkU rdrd&JU rodqdk;&Gm;ykHudkazmfjy&if;

xif&Sm;ay:vGifapw,f/ r[kwfoabmaqmifwJU ar;cGef;av;eJU t[kwfjzpf&yfudk

ydkrdkay:vGifwuf<uvmapw,fvdkU qdk&rSmaygh/

tck jrefrmvdk uAsmzGJUMunfhMur,f/

166

tJ'D aqmif;v we*FaEGaeUrsm;

we*FaEGaeUrsm;vnf; taz apmapmxw,f?

tjymteuf tat;xJ t0wftpm;0wf?

'Daemuf tvkyf&uf rdk;a&xJ tvkyfvkyf&vdkU

udkufcJaewJU uGuftuftuf vufawGeJU

jymzkH;rD;udk nD;xdefapNyD/ b,folrS aus;Zl;rqdk/

ig Ekd;vm? tat;"mwf tpdwfpdwf uGJNydKwm Mum;&/

tcef;awG aEG;vmawmh olu ac:vdkU?

ig jznf;jznf;x? t0wftpm; vJ&aygh?

tJ'D tdrf&JU xm0& a'gorsm;udk aMumufrd/

olUudk bmrS rjzpfovdk pum;qdkrd?

tat;"mwfudk armif;xkwfcJUol?

igh zdeyfawGudkvnf; wdkufxm;ao;ol/

ig bm odrwkef;? ig bm odrwkef;

arwåm&JU cufcJ? wpfudk,fawmf 0wå&m;taMumif;/

a&mbwf a['if

167

GRANDMOTHER AND CHILD

The waves that danced about the rock have gone,

The tide has stolen the rock as time has stolen

The quiet old lady who waited beneath the trees

That moved with a sad sea­sound in the summer wind.

When death was as near as the wind among the leaves

Troubling the waking fear in the heart of the child

As the wind was troubling the shadows on the sunlit lawn.

The grandmother seemed as frail as the frailest leaf.

But she sat so still in the shade of the summer trees

With the wind of death on her cheeks and her folded hands,

Her strength seemed large and cool, as the rock in the sea

Seemed large and cool in the green and restless waves.

As the rock remains in the sea. deep down and strong,

The rock­like strength of the lady beneath the tree

Remains in the mind of the child, more real than death

To challenge the child's strength in the hour of fear.

Ruth Dallas

arwåm&dyf arwåmcGeftm;

i,fpOfawmifaus; uav;b0rSmawmh udk,fhtrd? udk,fhtz? udk,fhtbdk;?

udk,fhtbGm;? udk,fhOD;BuD;? udk,fha':BuD;qdkwmrsm;[m BuD;rm;vSwJU tm;udk;&m

BuD;awGygyJ/ 'gudk i,fb0udk jyefvnfowd&rdolwdkif; oabmaygufMuvdrfhr,f/

tbGm;qdkwm wkefwkefcsnfhcsnfheJU tm;EGJUwJU rdef;rtdkBuD;wpfa,mufrQomaygh/

'gayr,fh ajr;i,fuav; tzdkUrSmawmh 'DtbGm;tdkBuD;[m usm;BuD;-qifBuD;yJ

168

vmvm? o&JBuD;-bDvl;BuD;yJvmvm? rkefwdkif;vmvm? rdk;BudK;vmvm?

tumtuG,fay;EdkifwJU cdkudk;&mBuD; jzpfw,f/ ausmufawmifBuD;vdk cdkifcHUum

anmifndKyifBuD;vdk t&dyftm0go at;jrw,f/ 'DcHpm;rI uav;udk uAsmq&mr

&kof 'Jvmhpfu jrwfEdk;zG,f uAsmav;wpfyk'f zGJUxm;w,f/ zwfMunfhMu&atmif-

acgif;pOfu Grandmother and Child tbGm;eJUajr; .... ygwJU/

The waves that danced about the rock ausmufaqmifwpf0dkuf

uckefMu wJU vIdif;rsm;

have gone oGm;NyD? r&SdawmhNyD/

The tide has stolen the rock 'Da&u ausmufaqmifBuD;udk ckd;,loGm;

cJUNyD? 'Da&wdkufpm;ypfvdkU ausmufaqmifBuD;r&SdawmhNyD/

as time has stolen/ The quiet old lady wdwfqdwfwJU tr,ftdkudk

tcsdefu cdk;,loGm;cJUovdk? tcsdefMumNyDrdkU tr,ftdkr&Sdawmhovdk (0gusu

rqkH;ao;? qufzwf)

who waited beneath the trees opfyifawGatmufrSm apmifhaewJU

(tr,ftdk) (0gusrqkH;ao;)

That moved with a sad sea­sound in the summer wind

aEG&moDavxJ rSm aMuuGJzG,f yifv,ftoHeJU vIyf&Sm;wJU(opfyifawG)

yxrtydk'f-

ausmufaqmifwpf0dkuf uckefMuwJU vIdif;rsm; r&SdMuNyD/ aEG&moDavxJrSm

aMuuGJzG,f yifv,ftoHeJU vIyf&Sm;wJU opfyifawGatmufrSm apmifhaewJU

tr,ftdkBuD;udk tcsdefu cdk;,loGm;cJUovdk ausmufaqmifudk 'Da&u cdk;,loGm;cJUNyD/

When death was as near as the wind among the leaves

aojcif;[m opf&GufawGMum;uavavmuf eD;uyfaewJUtcg-

169

Troubling the waking fear in the heart of the child uav;&JU

ESvkH; om;xJu Edk;xaewJU aMumufpdwfudk 'ku©ay;vsuf (0gusrqkH;ao;?

qufzwf)

As the wind was troubling the shadows on the sunlit lawn

aea&mifc jrufcif;ay:u t&dyfawGudk avu'ku©ay;ovdk (aMumufpdwfudk

'ku©ay;ae w,f)

The grandmother seemed as frail as the frailest leaf

tbGm;tdk[m tcsnfheJUqkH; opf&GufwrQ csnfheJU[efxif&w,f/

'kwd,tydk'f-

aojcif;[m opf&GufawGMum;u avavmufeD;uyfaewJUtcg? aea&mifc

jrufcif; ay:u t&dyfawGudk avu 'ku©ay;ovdk? uav;i,f&JU ESvkH;om;xJu

Edk;xaewJU aMumufpdwfudk 'ku©ay;vsuf avavmuf (aorif;eD;uyfaewJUtcg)

tbGm;[mtcsnfheJU qkH; opf&GufwrQ csnfheJU[ef xif&&JU/

But she sat so still 'gayr,fh ol NidrfNidrfuav; xdkfifaew,f/

in the shade of the summer trees aEGopfyifawG&JU t&dyfxJrSm

(xdkifaew,f)/

With the wind of death aojcif;w&m; av

on her cheeks olUyg;ay:rSm?

and her folded hands ydkufxm;wJU vufay:rSm (aojcif;w&m;aveJU)

Her strength olUcGeftm;uawmh

seemed large and cool BuD;rm;at;jrykH&w,f/

as the rock in the sea yifv,fxJu ausmufaqmif

Seemed large and cool BuD;rm;at;jrykH&ovdk?

in the green and restless waves pdrf;wJU *PSmrNidrfwJU vIdif;awG

xJrSm-

170

wwd,tydk'f-

'gayr,fh olUyg;ay:? ydkufxm;wJU olUvufay: aojcif;w&m;aveJU

(avwdkufcwf vsuf) aEGopfyifwkdU&JU t&dyfxJrSm olNidrfNidrfuav; xdkifaew,f/

yifv,fxJu ausmuf aqmif[m *PSmrNidrfwJU vIdif;pdrf;pdrf;awGxJ

BuD;rm;at;jr[efxif&ovdk? olUcGeftm; [mvJ BuD;rm;at;jr[ef xif&&JU/

As the rock remains in the sea ausmufaqmif[m yifv,fxJrSm

qufvufwnf&Sdovdk (b,fvdkwnf&SdovJ)

deep down and strong [dk;atmufteufBuD;xJrSm cdkifcdkifcHUcHU(wnf&Sdae

ovdk)

The rock­like strength of the lady beneath the tree

opfyifatmufu rdef;rBuD;&JU ausmufaqmifES,f cGeftm;[m-

Remains in the mind of the child uav;i,f&JU pdwfxJrSm

qufvufwnf&Sd aew,f/

more real than death aojcif;w&m;xufydkNyD; wu,fhwu,fjzpfw,f/

To challenge the child's strength uav;&JU cGeftm;udk pdrfac:zdkU

in the hour of fear aMumuf&GHUjcif;(b,)eJU(&ifqdkif&wJU)tcsdefrSm.....

pwkw¦tydk'f-

ausmufaqmif[m yifv,fxJrSm atmufteufBuD;xJ cdkifckdifcHUcHU wnf&Sdae

ovdk opfyifatmufu rdef;rBuD;&JU ausmufaqmifES,fcGeftm;[m aojcif;w&m;

xufydkNyD; wu,fhwu,f jzpfum? aMumuf&GHUjcif;eJu &ifqdkkif&csdefrSm uav;i,f

&JU cGeftm;udk pdrfac:zdkU? uav;i,f&JU pdwfxJrSm wnfwHUaeygawmhw,f/

uAsmudk yifv,furf;pyfrSm ae&mcsay;xm;w,f/ yifv,f? vIdif;? 'Da&?

av? ausmufaqmif? opfyif? tbGm;tdk? uav;i,f/ urf;pyfa&xJrSm

171

ausmufaqmifBuD;? 'DausmufaqmifBuD; wpf0dkufrSm vIdif;awG? urf;ay:u

opfyifatmufrSm tbGm;tdkBuD;/ tckawmhausmufaqmifvnf;r&Sd/ tbGm;tdkvnf;

r&SdawmhNyD/ 'Dvdkr&SdawmhwmeJU uAsmudk pxm;w,f/ 'Dawmh (tbGm;tdk

r&SdawmhNyDqdkawmh) cktcsdefrSm tJ'Duav;awmfawmf BuD;aeNyDvdkU uRefawmfwkdU

od&w,f/ oluyJ 'DtaMumif;awGudk jyefajymaewmuvm;/ ol urf;pyf

aqmhupm;aepOf opfyifatmufu apmifhaewwfwJU tbGm;udk owd&vGrf;rdwm

rdkU opfyifxJ 0ifwdkufwJU av&JUtoHudkyJ ]aMuuGJyifv,ftoHvdkU zGJUvdkufw,f

xif&w,f/

'kwd,tydk'frSm tbGm;tdk[m toufBuD;oxufBuD;um ao&r,fh&ufqD

eD;vmae wmudk nTef;xm;w,f/ aojcif;w&m;[m b,favmufeD;vmaeyvJqdk&if

opf&GufawGMum;u avavmufeD;ygw,fwJ/ tifrwefxdrdwJU edrdwfykHav;

jzpfw,f/ opf&GufMum;u avqdkwm ta0;uavr[kwfovdk udk,fhtdrfem;u

opfyifMum;uavrdkU Mum;&wm jzpfw,f/ eD;orS tdrfem;a&mufaeNyDqdkwmudk

jynTefw,f/ wpfcg 'Dvdk opfyifMum;u avwdk;oHqdkwmuvJ uav;i,ftzdkU

aMumuf&GHUp&mjzpfw,f/ avu b,favmufeD; ovJqdk&if tdrfa&SUu

jrufcif;ay:u t&dyfawGawmif (opfyif&dyfawGaygh)vIyf&Sm;ae& w,f/ 'DtcsdefrSm

tbGm;uvnf; tcsnfheJUqkH;/ opf&Gufuav;vdkU xif&w,f/ xdrdvdkuf wJU

OyrmtvFum/ tcsnfheJUqkH; opf&Gufuav;[m avwdk;&if a<uawmhr,f?

tbGm;vJ tvm;wl/

'gayr,fh tbGm;uawmh rNzKHbl;/ opfyif&dyfrSm NidrfvdkUxdkifaew,f/ olUyg;-

olUvufwkdUrSmawmh aojcif;w&m;qdkwJU av&dkufcwfxm;wmudk jrifae&NyD/

ta&wGefUaeNyD/ olUcGeftm;uawmh BuD;rm;qJ? at;jrqJ/ urf;pyfu ausmuf

aqmifBuD;vdk BuD;rm;um at;jrvdkU/ 'Dwwd,tydk'frSm twdwfu yifv,furf;

&Icif;udk jyefjrifa,mifvdkufw,f/

pwkw¦tydk'frSm yxrtydk'fudk jyefaumufNyD; ausmufaqmifBuD;a&m?

tbGm;yg r&Sdawmhwmudk wifjyvdkufw,f/ ausmufaqmifBuD;u urf;rSmom

rjrif&awmhwm? wu,fu vkH;0aysmufoGm;wmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ 'Da&awGu

172

a&eufBuD;xJ o,foGm; Muwm/ a&eufBuD;xJrSmawmh awmifhwif;cdkifcHUwkef;/

tvm;wl tbGm;r&Sdawmhaomfvnf; tbGm;&JUcGeftm;uawmh ajr;i,f&JJU

ESvkH;om;xJrSm eufeuf&Idif;&Idif;0ifatmif; usef&pf w,f/ aojcif;w&m;qdkwm

b,frSm&SdrSef; rodao;bl;/ i,fao;wmudk;/ tJ'Daojcif; w&m;xuf wu,fh

wu,f vufawGUcHpm;ae&wmu cGeftm;? 'DtbGm;&JUcGeftm;[m ab;tEå&m,f

(aMumuf&r,fhtcsdef)eJU BuKHawGUwJUtcg uav;i,f&JUcGeftm;udkprf;oyf cdkif;awmh

r,f/ ]ighajr; tpGrf;jyvdkufprf;vdkU pdefac:awmhr,fwJU/

tbGm;eJUajr;

ausmufaqmifwpf0dkuf uwJU vIdif;wkdU r&SdNyD

aEG avxJ aMuuJGyifv,f toHeJU vIyf&Sm;wJU

opfyifwkdUatmuf apmifhol Nidrfqdwf rdef;rBuD;udk

tcsdefu cdk;oGm;ovdk ausmufaqmifudk 'Da& cdk;cJUNyD/

aea&mifc jrufcif;ay: t&dyfwdkUudk av 'ku©ay;ovdk

uav;&JU ESvkH;xJ Edk;xaMumufpdwfudk 'ku©ay;wJU

opf&GufMum;u avavmuf aojcif;eD;wJUtcg

tbGm;[m tcsnfheJUqkH; opf&Gufavmuf csnfheJUykHyJ/

'gayr,fh aEGyifwkdU&JU t&dyfxJ olNidrfxdkifae&JU/

olUyg;? ydkufxm;wJU olUvufwkdUay:rSm r&P av?

*PSmrNidrf vIdif;pdrf;awGxJ yifv,fxJu ausmufaqmif

BuD;rm;-at;jrykHES,f? olU cGeftm; BuD;rm; at;jrykHyJ/

ausmufaqmif[m yifv,fxJ atmufteufxJ cdkifcHUaeovdk

opfyifatmufu rdef;rBuD;&JU ausmufaqmifES,f cGeftm;

173

uav;&JU pdwfxJ wnfcJU? aojcif;xuf wu,f xif&Sm;?

aMumuf&csdef uav;&JU cGeftm;udk pdefac:r,fy/

&ko 'Jvmhpf

174

FROGS

The storm broke, and it rained,

And water rose in the pool,

And frogs hopped into the gutter,

With their skins of yellow and green,

And just their eyes shining above the surface

Of the warm solution of slime.

At night, when fireflies trace

Light­lines between the trees and flowers

Exhaling perfume,

The frogs speak to each other

In rhythm. The sound is monstrous,

But their voices are filled with satisfaction.

In the city I pine for the country;

In the country I long for conversation

Our happy croaking.

Louis Simpson

rdw¦Dvmuefawmfatmufu

rdk;awG a0ga0g'dkif;'dkif; &GmcsNyDqdk&if tkH;tiftkH;tifeJU? b,fu ay:vmrSef;

rodwJU zm;wkdU&JU toHudk Mum;Mu&w,f/ rdk;eJUruif;olwdkUtzdkU zm;udk

tuRrf;w0ifjzpfaewm rqef;ygbl;/ 0efBuD;ya'o&mZm&JU v,form;MuD;u

rdk;xJv,fqif;&if; ]zm;aygifpif;udk pm;p&mtjzpf o,fcJUw,f/ om;acsmhwJU

rdcifuvJ ]rdwåDvmuefawmfatmufuolUom;zkdU zm;aumufcJUzdkUrSmw,f/ cspfoludk

175

vGrf;wJU a&Trif;orD;uawmh zm;udkaA'ifar;NyD; rSefcJU&if ]pHtdrfudk pdefeJU

rTrf;ygr,fvdkU tmrcHzl;w,f/ acwfprf;pmqdk rif;ok0Pfuawmh uAsmpsef

0ifpm;aepOf uodkPf;t0ef;xJ zm;0ifvmcJUowJU/ EdkifiH&yfjcm;rSmvJ zm;udktrsKd;rsKd;

zGJUMu wJUtxJu 'DrSm vl0Dqifyqef&JU tzGJUtEJGUudk zwfMunfhMuygbd/

acgif;pOfu Frogs zm;rsm;wJU/

The storm broke rkefwdkif; pwifwdkufcwfw,f/

and it rained rdk;vJ &Gmawmhw,f

And water rose in the pool uefxJrSm a&wufvmawmhw,f/

And frogs hopped into the gutter zm;awGvrf;ab; ajrmif;xJckefcsMu

awmhw,f/

'DrSm uAsmwpfydk'fqkH;ygw,f/ 0gusuawmh rqkH;ao;ygbl;/ t*Fvdyfrl&if;rSm

aumfrmav;eJU yg'udk qkH;xm;w,f/ zm;awGudk qufvufo&kyfazmfr,fvdkU

em;vnfxm;w,f/

With their skins of yellow and green t0g tpdrf; ta&jym;awGeJU

And just their eyes shining olwkdU rsufvkH;awGom vif;vsuf/

0gusu rqkH;ao;? qufzwf

above the surface of the warm solution of slime ylaEG;aEG; &THUEGH

aysmf&nf&JU rsufESmjyif txufrSm (olwdkU rsufvkH;awGomvif;vsuf)/

«txufu tydk'feJU qufvdkuf&if zm;awGajrmif;xJckefvdkufwm? wpfudk,f

vkH; &THUEGHxJjrKyf? aMumifawmifawmif rsufvkH;uav;awGom 0if;aeMuwmudk

awGU&r,f/»

At night nrSm

176

When fireflies trace light­lines ydk;pkef;MuL;awGu tvif;wef;awGudk

aumufaMumif;vdkufMuwJUtcg? tvif;rsOf;aMumif;awGa&;qGJMuwJUtcg/ b,frSm

a&; ovJ/

between the trees and flowers opfyifawGeJU tyGifhawGMum;(tvif;

rsOf;awG a&;qGJMuwJUtcg)/ 0gusrNyD;ao;? qufzwf/

Exhaling perfume arT;&eHUrIwfxkwfwJU (yef;awGeJU opfyifawGMum;

tvif;rsOf; awG a&;MuwJUtcg)

The frogs speak to each other zm;awG wpfaumifudk

wpfaumifpum;ajymMu w,f/

In rhythm &pforfusus (pum;ajymMuw,f)

The sound is monstrous toH[m xdwfvefUzG,f? aMumufrufzG,f

jzpfw,f? o&Jobufqefw,f/

But their voices are filled with satisfaction 'gayr,fh

olwkdUpum;oHawGu auseyfrIjynfhw,f/ «t*FvdyfrSm sound &,f? voice &,f

cGJjcm;NyD;&Sdw,f/ jrefrmrSmawmh ]toHcsnfh/ sound ua,bk,soabm toH

[lorQudk ajymwm? voice u pum;ajym&mrSokH;wJU vnfacsmif;u xkwfvdkufwJU

toH» 'DrQtxdtydk'fav;ydk'feJU zm;awGudk zGJUcJUw,f/ tydk'fwpfckrSm rdk;oufrkefwdkif;

usNyD; zm;awG a&xJckefcsMuwmudk zGJUw,f/ tydk'fESpfrSm &THUa&xJu zm;wkdU&JU

rsufvkH;awG w0if;0if; jzpfaewmudkzGJUw,f/ tydk'fokH;rSm ydk;pkef;MuL;awG

wpfyifuwpfyif ul;vl;aeMuwJU ntcsdefudkzGJUw,f/ tydk'fav;rSm zm;awG tJ'Dvdk

ntcsdef atmfMuwmudkyJ pum;qdkMu [ef a&;w,f/ tJovdk zm;awGudk jrif-

Mum;-NyD;wJUaemuf uAsmq&mrSm tawG;ay:vm ykHudk tck tydk'f ig;rSm zGJUr,f/

In the city NrdKUrSmawmh

I pine for the country aus;vufudk igwrf;wrdw,f/

In the country aus;vufrSmawmhum

177

I long for conversation pum;ajym&wmudk igvGrf;rdawmhw,f/

«awmudktvnfa&mufvmNyD; wpfOD;wnf;aevdkae&? pum;ajymp&m tazmftaygif;

r&Sd jzpfaeawmhum NrdKUrSmwkef;u taygif;toif;awGeJU pum;pjrnfajymcJU&wmudk

jyefvnf awmifhwrdwmudk ajymwm/»

Our happy croaking igwkdU&JU MunfEl;zG,f wtkH;tiftif «txufyg'u

]pum;ajym&wmudk jznfhpGufvdkufwJU pum;pkrQomjzpfw,f/ NrdKUrSm

taygif;toif;awGeJU pum;ajym&wmudkyJ wpfaysmfwpfyg; tkH;tifatmf&wmvdkU

qdkvdkufwmygyJ/ 'Dawmh txufav;ydk'fu qdkcJUwmawGeJU tcktydk'f

ig;qufpyfvdkUvJoGm;w,f/»

'Dae&mrSm uAsmykHoP²mef (Form) eJUywfoufvkdU tenf;i,f aqG;aEG;

csifw,f/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh ykHoP²mefqdk&if a'G;csKd;rSm tcsKd;ESpfck&Sdw,f/ BwdcsKd;rSm

tcsKd;okH;ck&Sd w,f/ ydk'fpkH&wkrSm tydk'fokH;ydk'f&Sdw,f/ 'DvdkyJ em;vnfMuw,f/ tck

uAsmrSmvJ tydk'f ig;ydk'fyg&Sdw,faygh/ wpfydk'frSm okH;aMumif;? 'grSr[kwf okH;yg'

yg&Sdw,faygh/ 'grsKd;[m uAsmpyfenf;eJU ywfoufwJU cGJjcm;enf;rQjzpfNyD;

tv,fwef;ausmif;om;av;awmif tvG,fwulodjrifEdkifwJUudpöyg/ ydkvdkU ta&;

BuD;wmu uAsm&JU twGif;om; (content) udk uAsmq&mzGJUpnf;xm;ykH?

tawG;wpfckuwpfck zGHUNzdK;oGm;um olvdk&m udk qdkufqdkufNrdKufNrdKufa&mufoGm;ykH

(how the theme is developed) jzpfw,f/

'DuAsmrSmqdk&if yxr rdk;oufrkefwdkif;udk zGJUw,f/ 'Daemufzm;awGudk

zGJUw,f/ aemufqkH; uAsmq&mtay: zm;awG *,uf&dkufcwfykHudk a&;w,f/

'Dawmh tydkif;okH;ydkif; ygwJU zGJUpnf;rIvdkUem;vnf&w,f/ (tydk'fig;ydk'feJUrqdkif)

rkefwdkif;x? rdk;&Gmw,f? rdk;&Gmawmh zm;awGay:vmw,f/ zm;awGudk

jrif&/ aemufolwkdU tjyeftvSefatmfMuwmudk Mum;& w,f/ 'Dvdkzm;awG

atmfMuwmudk tjyeftvSefpum;ajymMuwmvdkU oabmaygufvdkufrdwJUtcg

uAsmq&m[m NrdKUrSmwkef;u taygif;toif;awGeJU pum;vufqkHuscJU&ykHrsm;udk

awmifhwrdw,f/ 'DvdkeJU taMumif;t&m wpfckuwpfckqD ajyajyjypfjypf OD;wnf

178

qufEG,f oGm;um txGwftxdyfvdkU qdk&r,fh olUqdkvdkcsufqD qdkufqdkufNrdKufNrdKuf

a&mufoGm;awmh wmygyJ/ 'gudkyJ development of theme vkdUac:&wm/

'DuAsmudkvJ well­organized poem vdkUajymEdkifwmjzpfw,f/

uAsmq&m[m zm;wdkU&JUtoHu olUtay: wkHUjyefrI (reaction) jzpfvmykH

azmfjyzGJUusL;xm;ayr,fh wcsKdU uAsmrsm;vdk aumufcsufcsrxm;wmudk owdjyKyg/

]aMom-olwdkUwd&pämefawGrSmawmif wpfOD;udkwpfOD; ac:Mu[pfMu&Sdovdk wdkUvlom;

awGrSmvJ wpfOD;udkwpfOD; ar;Mu? ac:MueJU pum;qufoG,frIqdkwm &SdMuyguvm;?

pum;qdkwm aygif;oif;qufqHa&;&JU r@dKifjzpfawmhoudk;vdkU oabmqGJr,l?

qGJ,lcJUvQif uAsmysufNyD/

vdk&mtcsufuav;awGudk xdxdrdrdpum;vkH;awGeJU acRacRwmwmokH;um

o&kyfazmf xm;ykHudkyJ avhvmtyfw,f/ rkefwdkif;udk The storm broke 'gyJ/

rdk;&Gmudk it rained 'gyJ/ a&awGvQHvmykHudk the water rose 'gyJ/

zm;awGckefcsMuwmudk frogs hopped 'gyJ/ bmrStydkrcsJU/ 'gayr,fh pdppfNyD;

a&G;cs,fxm;vdkufykHu broke jzpfw,f? came r[kwf/ rose r[kwf/

rdk;&Gmwmudkawmh rained yJ/ 'Dhxufaumif;wm r&SdNyD/ it poured vdkU

okH;&if&ayr,fh rokH;bl;? a&udkvJ rose taumif;qkH;? overflowed, flooded

ponfrokH;? zm;ckefcswmudkvJ hopped tyDjyifqkH;/ jumped, leaped

ponfra&G;/ usefpum;rsm;udkvJ ola&G;cs,fxm;ykH avhvmMunfhygav/

nudk zGJUjyefawmh ydk;pkef;MuL;eJU opfyifyef;yif? 'gyJ,lvdkufw,f/

zm;rsufvkH;0if;0if; uae ydk;pkef;MuL; ul;ajymif;oGm;ykHudk owdjyKyg/ ydk;pkef;MuL;

awGu wpfyifu wpfyiful; w,f/ tyifqdkawmh yef;&eHUoif;ysHUwmygoGm;w,f/

awm&JUnwdkif;rSm yef;&eHUoif;NrJ? ckvdk nrSm yef;&eHYUwoif;oif;qdkawmhrS vlrSm

tawG;ydkvm&w,f/ ]rl;,pfa0&w,faygh/ 'DawmhrS zm;wdkU&JUtoHudkyJ &pforf

ususvdkU xifvm? (wu,fvJ ]tkH;tif tkH;tifeJU[m &pforfajyjypfygw,f?)

'D&pforfusustoHav;u tdyfarGUcsay;ovdkjzpfNyD; [dkvGrf;csif onfwrf;csif

jzpfygava&m/ zm;awGudk pum;ajymaeMuwmvdkU jrifrdwJUaemufrSm udk,fwdkif

179

NrdKUrSmwkef;u oli,fcsif;awGeJU pum;pjrnfajymcJU&wmudk owd&vmum

wrf;wrdoGm;awmhw,f/ 'DvdkeJU azmfvdkufwJU o&kyfuGufwdkif;[m uGif;qufuav;

awG jzpfoGm;um vdk&if;udk ydkUay;Muygawmhw,f/

zm;wGudk av;ydk'fzGJUNyD;wJUaemuf yOörtydk'f rdrdtawGUtBuKHudk a&;ygw,f/

zm;qdkwJU pum;vkH; wpfcGef;rS rygawmhbl;/ 'gayr,fh oleJUolUtaygif;toif;awG

tm;vl;zkwfMuwmudkyJ croaking vdkUzm;a0g[m&udk okH;NyD; o&kyfazmfvdkuf

wJUtwGuf txufu tydk'fawGeJU qufrdoGm;awmhw,f/ 'DvdkeJU olUuAsm[m

one unit jzpfoGm;yg aMumif;/

tck uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk jrefrmvdka&;csNyD; jrefrmuAsm zGJUMunfhMu&atmif/

«olUrl&if;uAsmrSm um&efryg? meter rokH;? pum;ajym&pforfeJU a&;xm;wm

jzpfw,f»

zm;rsm;

rkefwdkif; NydK? rdk;&Gm?

uefrSm a& wuf?

zm;awG ajrmif;xJ ckefaygh/

t0g tpdrf; ta&ajym;awGeJU?

ylaEG;aEG; &THUEGHaysmf&nf&JU

rsufESmjyifxuf rsufvkH;awGom 0if;vsuf/

ntcg? arT;&eHU&IxkwfwJU

yef;awG? tyifawGMum; tvif;rsOf;wkdUudk

ydk;pkef;MuL;wkdU aumufaMumif;vdkufpOf

180

zm;awG wpfOD;udk wpfOD; &pforfeJU

pum;qdkMu/ toHu xdwfvefUp&m?

'gayr,fh auseyfrIjynfhwJU avyJ/

NrdKUrSm ig awmudk wrf;wrd?

awmrSm ig pum;udk awmifhwrd-

igwkdU waysmfwyg; tkH;tifoHy/

vl0D qif;yqef

181

SPRING NATURE NOTES

The sun lies mild and still on the yard stones.

The clue is a solitary daffodil ­ the first.

And the whole air struggling in soft excitements

Like a woman hurrying into her silks.

Birds everywhere zipping and unzipping

Changing their minds, in soft excitements,

warming their wings and trying their voices.

The trees still spindle bare.

Beyond them from the warmed blue hills

An exhilaration swirls upward, like a huge fish

As under a waterfall, in the bustling pool.

Over the whole land

Spring thunders down in brilliant silence.

Ted Hugthes

cgaEGqef;awmh

'DuAsma&;ol wuf'f [,l;Zf[m uaeUNAdwdefjynf&JU awmf0ifpmqdkawmf

(Poet Laureate) jzpfygw,f/ 1930zGm;qdkawmh touf 63 &SdNyD/ 60rjynfhrDu

awmf0ifpmqdk a&G;cs,fwifajrmufcH&wmqdkawmh i,fi,feJUta&G;cH&w,fvdkU qdkEdkif

w,f/ acwfopfuAsmq&mawGxJrSm xdyfwef;u yg0ifaeol wpfOD;aygh/

182

tck wifqufvdkufwJU uAsm[m 1985u ('kwd,tBudrf)xkwfa0cJUwJU

Season Songs (&moDzGJUrsm;)xJu xkwfEkwfvdkufwmyg/ pmtkyfyguAsmawGudk

Spring (0oEå)? Summer (*drSme)? Autumn (o&')? Winter (a[rEå)

qdkNyD;awmh av;pkcJGNyD; pkpnf; xm;w,f? tckuAsmu Spring tkyfpkrSmygw,f/

'Dacgif;pOf (Spring Nature Notes)eJUyJ uAsm 6yk'fygw,f/ trSwf 1?2

ponfjzifh wyfxm;w,f/ tck[mu trSwf 1 yg/

acgif;pOf Spring Nature Notes rSm Spring u &moDav;ck&SdwJUteuf

yxrqkH;&moD jzpfygw,f/ jrefrmvdk aEGOD;&moDvdkUyJac:Muw,f/ wu,fawmh

rBudKufvSbl;/ 'gayr,fh 'DbmomjyefrSm ]aEGOD;yJ okH;vdkufygr,f/ yg|dvdkawmh

0oEå&moDvdkU ac:w,f/ Nature qdkwmuvJ ]obm0qdkwmxuf a&ajr

awmawmif MoumoavmuBuD;udk ajymcsifwm/ 'DuAsmrSm aEGOD;rSm a&ajr

awmawmif&JU tajctaeudk o&kyfazmfxm;wm awGU&vdrfhr,f/ Notes rSwfpkrsm;

aygh/ ola&;rSwfxm;wm uAsm 6yk'frdkU ]rSwfpkrsm;vdkU okH;xm;w,f/

The sun lies aewnf&Sdw,f? usa&mufaew,f

mild and still El;El;nHUnHU-NidrfNidrfqdrfqdrf? 'Dyk'fpk[m 0daooejzpfw,f/

a&SUu aeudk nTef;w,f/

on the yard stones NcH0if;ausmufwkH;awGay:rSm/ wpfyg'vkH;aygif;vdkuf

awmh ]ae[m NcH0if;ausmufwkH;awGay: El;El;nHUnHUNidrfNidrfqdrfqdrf usa&mufae

w,faygh

The clue is oJvGefpuawmh? taxmuftxm;jyp&m tnTef;uawmh

(aEGOD;a&muf vmNyDqdkwmudknTef;wJU oJvGefpuawmh)

a solitary daffodil wyGifhwnf; yGifhaewJU 'Jz'dv yef;yGifhuav;ygyJ

«olwkdUqDrSm at;vGef;awmh aqmif;&moDrSm bmyef;rSryGifhMubl;/ aqmif;ukefvdkU

aEGOD;a&mufawmhrSyJ yef;rsm;yGifhEdkifMuw,f»

the first yxrygyJ «yxrqkH; yGifhwJUyef;ygyJ»

183

And the whole air avwpfckvkH;[mvJ avxkwpfckvkH;[mvJ (avxk

atmosphere vdkU rqdkbJ av air udkyJ wpfckvkH;vdkU qdkvdkufykHuav;u

qef;aew,f/ pOf;pm;MunhfvdkufawmhvJ [kwfom;ygvm;? qdkvdkU&om;ygvm;vdkU

oabmaygufvm& w,f)

struggling in soft excitements El;nHUwJU pdwfvIyf&Sm;rI uav;awGeJU

&kef;uefvsuf (avvIyf&Gaewm)

Like a woman hurrying into her silks uAsmuoD ydk;xnfawG

0wfaewJU rdef;uav;wpfOD;vdk (avu vIyf&Gaew,f)

Birds everywhere ae&mwum iSufawGuvnf;

zipping and unzipping Zpfwyfvdkuf ZpfjzKwfvdkufeJU «rdef;rwpfa,muf

t0wftpm; 0wfaewmudk o&kyfazmfrd&mu iSufuav;awG vIyf&Gaw;oD

aeMuwmudk zGJU&mrSmvJ Zpfwyfwm ZpfjzKwfwm qufzGJUawmhw,f»

Changing their minds (ck'gvkyfr,f? ck 'grvkyfawmhbl;) pdwfawG

ajymif;vJ umeJU

in soft excitements El;nHUwJU pdwfvIyf&Sm;rI uav;awGeJU

Warming their wings tawmifyHawGudk ylaEG;apum (aeylvSef;um

aepmvIHum)

and trying their voices toHawGudk prf;oyfMunfhMuum? [dkvdkqdk&if

aumif;Edk;? 'Dvdkqdk&if aumif;Edk;? toHudk trsKd;rsKd;prf;oyfqdkMunfhaeMuwm/

The trees still spindle bare opfyifawGuawmh (opf&GufawG

a<uusukefNyDrdkU) &pfwHvdk Avmusif;vsufyJ/ csnfwif&pf&m &pfwH[mbmrS

tcReftwufryg/ &dk;&dk;wkwf wpfacsmif;rQ jzpfw,f t&Gufuif;wJU aEGOD;&JU

opfyifawGudk&pfwHeJU EdIif;xm;w,f/

Beyond them olwkdUudk vGefoGm;&ifawmh? opfyifawG&JU [dkwpfbuf

rSmawmh

184

from the warmed blue hills ylaEG;aeNyDjzpfwJU awmifukef; jymjymawG

qDu

An exhilaration jrL;<urIwpfck

swirls upards tay:udk a0h0dkufum wufoGm;w,f

like a huge fish ig;BuD;wpfaumifvdk (wufoGm;w,f)

As under a waterfall a&wHcGef&JUatmuf

in the bustling pool yGufavm&dkufaewJU a&tdkifxJrSm (vdk)

'Dyg'okH;aMumif;udk pkaygif;vdkufawmh awmtkyf&JUtvGef? awmifay:awGu

jrL;<uwJUtoHwpfoH xGufay:vmw,f/ toHay:vmykHu a&uefxJu ig;BuD;

wpfaumif wGefUvdrfckefaygufay:vmovdkyJwJU/ b,frSmvJ-a&wHcGefatmufu

a&tdkifxJrSmig;BuD; ay:vmovdkygwJU/

Over the whole land e,fwpf0ef;vkH;rSm

Spring thunders down aEGOD;[m rdk;csKef;ovdk xpfcsKef;um qif;cs

vmaeNyD

in brilliant silence awmufawmufyy qdwfNidrfjcif;eJU/ 'Dae&mrSm

]awmufyw,f qdkwmu tjriftm&kHeJU qdkifw,f? qdwfNidrfw,fqdkwmu

tMum;tm&kHeJU qdkifw,f/ tjriftm&kHeJU ywfoufwJU a0g[m&udk tMum;tm&kH

okH;zdkUqdkwm omrefpum; rSmxkH;pHr[kwfaybl;/ 'gayr,fh uAsmrSmawmh &dk;aeNyD/

aemufqkH;ESpfyg'udk qufpyfvdkufawmh ]a'owpf0ef;vkH;rSm aEGOD;[m

awmufywJU qdwfNidrfrIeJU xpfcsKef;vdkU qif;oufvmacsNyD&,fvdkU jzpfw,f/

qdwfNidrfw,fvJqdkao;&JU? xpfcsKef;w,fvJ qdkao;&JU/ b,fhESmygvdrfhvdkU

atmufarhcsifp&m jzpfw,f? jzKef;ceJ tay:,HuMunfhvdkuf&if rrSefbl;?

qefUusifbufvdkUxif&ayr,fh av;av;eufeufawG; Munfhvdkuf&if trSefjzpfwmudk

]yg&m'gu©(Paradox)vdkUac:ygw,f/ uAsmrSm tifrwef tokH;rsm;w,f/

]qdwfNidrfjcif;&JUtoH (The sound of silence)? ]cg;atmifcsKdw,f (bitter

185

sweet) qdkwmrsKd;awGaygh/ odyfwdwfqdwfvGef;ae&if wdwfqdwfwJUtoHudk

Mum;Edkifw,f/ csKdvGef;&ifvJ cg;wmudkawGU&r,f/ tckvJ aEGOD;&Icif;u Nidrfqdwf

vGef;aeavawmh wdwfqdwfwJU toH[m xpfcsKef;ovdk us,fus,favmifavmif

BuD; Mum;ae& w,fwJU/

'DuAsm[m aus;vufa'o0ef;usifrSm 0oEå&moD pwif0ifa&mufvmykHudk

zGJUxm;wJU uAsmwpfyk'fjzpfw,f/ &moDzGJUqdkayr,fh Munfhp&m? jrifp&m rsm;rsm;

pm;pm; rygacs blll;/ 'Jz'dv yef;yGifhav; wpfyGifheJUt&Gufr&Sd Avmusif;aewJU

opfyifawG/ 'gyJ/ 'gayr,fh &moDopf0ifvmykHudk pdwfvIyf&Sm;wuf<uzG,f wifjy

xm;Edkifw,f/ 'DEIdif;,SOfcsuf(Oyrm) av;awGeJU olqdkvdkwmudk qdkufqdkufNrdKufNrdKuf

aygufa&mufatmif uAsmq&mu zGJUusL; xm;Edkifw,f/ 'DEIdif;,SOfcsuf

uav;awG[mjzifh uAsmrSm tc&mygyJ/ El;nHUnifom avvIyf&Sm;aewmudk

ydk;xnfvTmuysmuoD0wfaewJU rdef;reJUEIdif;w,f/ iSufuav;awG awmifyHcwfMu

oHao;oHaMumif toHrsKd;rsKd; jrnfaeMuwmudkvJ tvm;wlrdef;ru tuFsDZpf

wyfvdkuf ZpfjzKwfvdkuf a0cGJr& Asmrsm;aeykHeJU EIdif;w,f/ opfyifawG t&Guf

Avm usif;aewmudkvJ csnfr&pfxm;wJU &pfwHeJUEdIif;w,f/ ta0;awmifay:rSm

jrLcdk;vm;? awmifckd;vm;rod ay:vmwmudkvJ a&wHcGefatmuf a&tdkifxJ

ig;BuD;wpfaumif wGefUvdrfay:vmwmeJU EIdif;w,f/ 'DvdkNidrfwmudkyJ OyrmawGeJU

uAsmwpfyk'fvkH; azmfvmNyD; wJUaemuf tqkH;yg'usumrS e,f&SpfcGifwpf0ef;vkH;rSm

vSywJUNidrfqdwfrIeJUtwl aEG&moD[m xpfcsKef;vmaeawmhw,fvdkU xdwfvefU

wMum;okH;NyD; ed*kH;csKyfvdkufawmhw,f/ 'g 'DuAsm&JU xl;jcm;csuf atmifjrifcsufygyJ/

ck jrefrmvdk a&;csMunfhMu&atmif-

186

aEGOD; Moumo rSwfpk

ae NcH0if; ausmufwkH;ay: nHUEk Nidrfqdwf/

oJvGefpuawmh wpfyGifhwnf; 'Jz'dv yxrqkH; yef;

avwpfckvkH; El;nHUwJU pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;eJU &kef;uefae

ydk;xnf uysmuoD0wf rdef;rES,fom/

ae&mwumrSm iSufwkdU Zpfwyfum ZpfjzKwfum

pdwfajymif;aeMu? El;nHUwJU pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;

eJU? awmifyHawGaEG;Mu? toHawG prf;MunfhMu/

opfyifwdkU &pfwHES,f Avmusif;vsufom/

[dk;wpfbufrSm? awmifjym aEG;awGqDu

jrL;<uzG,f wGefUvdrfwufvm? ig;BuD;wpfaumifES,f/

a&wHcGefatmuf? yGufyGufnH a&tdkifxJrSmvdky/

e,fwpf0ef;vkH;rSm

0if;yy qdwfNidrfrIeJU aEGOD; xpfcsKef; oufqif;vmcJUaygh/

wuf'f [,l;Zf

187

COCK_CROW

Out of the wood of thoughts that grows by night

To be cut down by the sharp axe of light,

Out of the night, two cocks together crow,

Cleaving the darkness with a silver blow;

And bright before my eyes twin trumpeters stand,

Heralds of splendour, one at either hand,

Each facing each as in a coat of arms;

The milkers lace their boots up at the farms.

Edward Thomas

vif;MuuftaqmfuGif;xufrSm

tuf'0gh'f awmrmhpfqdkwm yxrurÇmppfwkef;u (1917) wdkufyGJrSm

usqkH;cJU&wJU ppfom;uAsmq&mqdkawmh MumNyDaygh/ 'gayr,fh olUuAsmawG[m ckxd

acwfrSDaeqJ&SdNyD; t*FvdyfuAsmtaMumif;ajymMupdkUqdk&if olUuAsmudk xnfhajymae

&NyD/ tpuawmh olUuAsmudk 'DavmuftxifBuD;Muwm r[kwfbl;/ awmzGJU

awmifzGJUudk vSvSyya&;wm avmufyJ xifcJUMuwm/

wjznf;jznf;eJUrS a&ajrawmawmifudkzGJU&if; b0udk zGJUwmygvm;qdkwm

uAsmzwfolrsm; &dyfpm;rdvmMuNyD; olUuAsm[mvJ BuD;pm&if;xJ0ifoGm;wmjzpfw,f/

tck erlemazmf jyvdkufwJU uAsmudkyJ Munfhav/ MuufwGefwJU vif;t&kPfudk

zGJUxm;wmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh zGJUaeusawGeJU rwlwmudk zwfMunfh&if; odvmygvdrfhr,f/

acgif;pOfu Cock­Crow wJU? MuufwGefcsdefaygh/

Out of the wood of thoughts tawG;awmtkyfxJuwJU/ ]tawG;awm

tkyf qdkwm tawG;awGeJU jynfhESufaewJU awmtkyfaygh/ tawG;awGudk

188

opfyifawGeJU xyfwljyKxm;wJU &lyutvuFmjzpfw,f/ qdkvdkwJUt"dyÜm,fawG

wmoGm;vdkufykHudk wpdrfhpdrfhpOf;pm;Munfhygav/ 0gusurqkH;ao;bl;/

that grows by night nrSm aygufa&mufwJU (tawG;awmtkyf)ygwJU/

0gus rqkH;ao;ygbl;/

To be cut down by the sharp axe of light tvif;ykqdefxufxufeJU

ckwfvSJcs&r,fh (tawG;awmtkyf)wJU/ nrSm tawG;qdkwJUopfyifawG awmtkyfBuD;

wpfckozG,f aygufa&muf vmw,f/ 'Dawmtkyfudk tvif;ykqdefcRefxufxufeJU

ckwfvSJNzdKcs &rSmjzpfw,f/ 'DawmtkyfxJuae-

Out of the night nxJuae/ 'g[m txufESpfyg'rSmqdkcJUwJU Out of

the wood...light qdkwmudk xyfausmhajymvdkufwmyJjzpfw,f/ 'Dawmh ]tawG;

awmtkyfxJuae? nxJuae &,fvdkUjzpfoGm;w,f/ ]tawG;awmtkyfeJU ]n

twlwljzpfoGm;w,f/ nxJuae bmjzpfovJ-

two cocks toghter crow MuufzESpfaumif twlwuG wGefMuygav

a&mwJU/

Cleaving the darkness with a silver blow

tarSmifudkaiGxdk;ESufcsufeJU cGJjcrf;vdkufwm (wGefMuygava&mh)/ t*Fvdyfpum;

blow uvufoD;csuf? wkefcsuf? "m;csuf? ykqdefcsuf? bmudkrqdk ajymwm

jzpfw,f/ 'DrSmu MuufwGefoHudkyJ xdk;ESufcsufeJU xyfwljyKxm;wmjzpfw,f/

MuufwGefoHeJU tarSmifudkNzdKcGJvdkufwmudkyJ ]aiGxdk;ESufcsufeJU cGJjcrf;vdkufw,fvdkU

pyfxm;wmjzpfw,f/ bmvdkU]aiGvJ/ aiG[m &kyftqif;eJU qdkifw,f/ 'gayr,fh

toHomwmudkvJ aiGeJU pyfEG,fajymavh&SdMuw,fav/ aiGqnf;vnf;pojzifh/

'gaMumifh silver blow &,fvdkU xdxdrdrdwGJpyfazmfusL;vdkufwm jzpfw,f/

And bright before my eyes ighrsufvkH;a&SUrsm awmufawmufyyeJU-

twin trumpeters stand wHydk;rIwfol t>rmnDaemif &yfaeMuygvm;/

MuufznDaemifudk ajymwmyg/ trumpet udkuaeUacwfrSm ]x&rf;yufvdkUyJ

jrefrmvdkac:aeMuygNyD/ 'gayr,fh 'DrSmawmha&S;wkef;u bk&if xGufawmfrl vmr,f

qdk&if a&SUawmfajy;xGufvmNyD; wHydk;rIwfMuwJU ppfonfawmfawGudk qdkvdk&dyf&SdwmrdkU

189

]wHydk;rIwfolvdkUyJ a&;vdkufygw,f/ MuufnDaemif[m tvif;rif;BuD; xGufawmfrl

vmrSmudk a&SUawmfajy; wHydk;rIwfay;MuwJU ppfonfawmfrsm; jzpfygw,f/ 'gudkyJ

atmufyg'rSm qufqdkw,f/

Heralds of splendour ta&mift0g&JU a&SUawmfajy;rsm;wJU/ 'Dae&mrSmvJ

splendour qdkwm ]ta&mift0gqdkwmxuf ydkygw,f/ crf;em;BuD;us,fwJU

oabm? vSywJUoabmyg wGJzufteufaqmifygao;w,f/ jrefrmpum;

]ta&mift0gu olUavmufrBuD;us,f rcrf;em;bl; jzpfaew,f/

One at either hand wpfbufrSm wpfaumif

Each facing each wpfaumifudk wpfaumif rsufESmcsif;qdkifvsuf

as in a coat of arms wHqdyfawmfrSmvdk/ rif;nDrif;om;awG? bk&ifawG&JU

wHqdyf trSwftom;tjzpf 'dkif;vTm;ponfay:rSm a&;xm;wJU&kyfykH oauFwudk

coat of arms vdkUac:w,f? rsm;aomtm;jzifh jcaoFh? ,leDaumefpwJU

taumifESpfaumif rsufESmcsif;qdkifvsuf qGJxm;avh&Sdw,f/ 'gudk nTef;vdkufwmyg/

tJ'D 'dkif;vTmwHqdyfawmfxJu jcaoFhESpfaumifvdk wpfaumifeJUwpfaumif

rsufESmcsif;qdkifvsuf/ wpfbufrSmwpfaumif? aeUtvif;&Ju a&SUawmfajy; Muufz

nDaemif olUrsufpda&SUrSm 0if;0if;yy awGUjrifvdkuf&w,fwJU/

The milkers EGm;EdkUnSpform;rsm;/

lace their boots up bGwfzddeyfawG BudK;wyfMuNyD/

at the farms v,f,mpcef;awGrSm/ (v,f,mawGrSmawmh EkdUnSpform;

awG bGwfzdeyfBudK; wyfMuNyD/ EdkUnSpfwJUtvkyfpawmhr,f/ vkyfief;cGif 0ifMu

awmhr,f)

uAsmuawmh'gygyJ/ ntarSmifudk NzdKcGJzkdU MuufnDaemifwGefavNyD/

v,form;vJ vkyfief;pzdkUjyifNyD/ taMumif;t&mudk tESpfcsKyfvdkuf&if 'gyJ/

'Dbmr[kwfwJU taMumif; t&muav;udkyJ BuD;us,fcrf;em;atmif uAsmq&mu

190

zGJUjyoGm;w,f/ taMumif;t&m[m t"dur[kwf/ b,fykHb,fenf; zGJUw,fqdkwm

uom ta&;BuD;w,fqdkwmudk om"u xlvdkufwmvdkU qdkEdkifw,f/

ntarSmifxJuae MuufawG xwGefvdkufw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm nudk

tawG;qdkwJUtyifrsm;xlxyfwJUawmtkyfvdkU qdkvdkufw,f/ pum;vkH; a&G;cs,fpdppf

xm;ykHu avhvmp&myJ/ ]tawG;vdkUqdkygw,f/ ]tdyfrufr[kwfbl;/ Eke,folom

qdk&if nqdkwmeJU tdyfruf vdkUa&;rSmyJ/ nr[kwfbJeJUawmif tdyfruf? tdyfrufeJU

wpfrufwnf; rufaeMuwm r[kwfvm;/ wu,fpOf;pm;MunfhvdkufawmhvJ nrSm

rtdyfcif [dkawG; 'DawG; awG;Muol awGcsnf;/ wpfcgwpfavrsm; tawG;vGefNyD;

tdyfawmifr&awmhbl;/ aemufNyD; tdyfrufqdkwmu uav;qefw,f/ tawG;urS

vlBuD;qefw,f/

tawG;qdkwm wjznf;jznf; wpfppeJU ay:xGef;BuD;xGm;vmwm jzpfw,f/

'gaMumifh tawG;udk ]nrSm aygufwJUtyifvdkU EIdif;w,f/ 'DtyifawGaygufaewJU

awmudkt*Fvdyf pum;rSm grove,wood, forest, jungle pojzifh pum;vkH;awG

&SdwJUtxJu tyifpkomomrQjzpfwJU grove udkra&G;? awmBuD;rsufrnf;avmufvJ

r[kwfwef&mvdkU forest, jungle wdkUudk y,fvdkufwm taeawmf wood udk

okH;vdkufw,f/ 'Dawmtkyfudk ckwfxGif;NzdKzsufrSmuvJ "m;r[kwfbl;? ykqdefudk

a&G;vdkufw,f/ ykqdefudkyJ opfyifawGckwfvSJ&mrSm okH;Muwmudk;? tvif;[m

tarSmifudk NzdKcGif;wJU vufeufrdkU tvif;eJU ykqdefudk &lyu jyKvdkufw,f/

aemufMuufwGefoHu tarSmifudk NzdKcGif;vdkufaMumif; ajymwJU tcgrSmawmh

MuufwGefoHudk aiGxdk;ESufcsufvdkU zGJUvdkufw,f/ awmtkyf (opfyifawG)udk

ckwfxGif;pOfu cut down udkokH;NyD; tarSmifudk NzdKcGif;&mrSm cleave

udkokH;xm;w,f? pum;vkH;awGudk olUae&meJUol tH0ifcGifus okH;ykHygyJ/

ckxd[m uAsm&JU taumif;qkH;tzGJUtEGJUygyJ/ 'Daemuf okH;yg'rSm Muuf

nDaemifudk zGJUygw,f/ 0if;0if;yyeJU ]wHydk;rIwfol t>rmnDaemifvdkUqdkvdkufw,f/

wHydk;rIwfw,fqdkawmh bk&ifrif;jrwf <ucsDvmawmfrlrSmudk aMunmwmyJ/ b,f

bk&if <uvmawmfrlrSmvJ/ ]ta&mift0g&JUa&SUawmfajy;rsm;vdkU qdkvdkufwJUtwGuf

191

aeUtvif;a&mifqdkwJU bk&ifrif;jrwfvdkU odMu&w,f/ ae(ol&d,)&JU a&SUawmfajy;

vdkU rqkdbJ ]aeU('d0g)tvif;a&mif&JU a&SUawmfajy;vdkU qdkvdkufykH[m omref

uRefawmfwdkU arQmfvifhrdwmrsKd;r[kwfbJ opfqef;aewm xl;jcm;aejyefw,f/

Muufu BudKqdkr,fqdk&ifvJ tvif;a&mifudk BudKqdkwm jzpfrSmygyJ/ aeudk

olodcsifodr,f/ 'Dawmh obm0usvdkUvJ oGm;jyefw,f/

MuufESpfaumifudkzGJU&mrSm 'dkif;vTm;ay:u-wHqdyfxJutaumifESpfaumifES,f

&ifqdkif&yfaeMuykH tzGJU[mvJ avsmfuefoifhjrwfvSw,f/ wHqdyfxJrSm owå0g

ESpfaumifudk a&;qGJ&mrSm cRwfpGyfwlatmif yef;csDq&mu a&;qGJxm;wm/

tJ'Dtwdkif; MuufESpfaumif[m cRwfpGyfwlw,f/ 'Dawmh apmapmu ]t>rm

nDaemifvdkUqdkxm;wmeJU qDavsmfoGm;jyef a&m/

aemufqkH; vlqdkwJU v,form;udk zGJU&mrSmawmh wpfyg'yJ okH;xm;w,f/

'DvdkvkyfvdkufwJUtwGuf txufu qkdcJUNyD;orQ ckESpfyg'vkH;vkH;[m oleJUvJ

qdkifw,f/ 'gaMumifh xyfrqdkwmvdkU qdkvdk&musw,f/ nrSm tawG;opfyif

awGaygufwmvJ olyJ? ntarSmifudk NzdKcGif;csifwmvJolyJ? aeUtvif;udk

c&D;OD;jyKwmvJ olyJ? ol[m Muufenf;wl Moumo avmu wpfOD;rQomygyJvdkU

qdkNyD;om;jzpfw,f/ aeUa&mufvmrS olb0qufvufa&; twGuf tvkyfvkyf

&r,fav/ tvif;pwifa&mufvmr,fvJqdka&m tvkyfcGif0ifzdkU zdeyf BudK;csnf

awmhwmyJ r[kwfvm;/ aemufNyD; ]EkdUnSpfolrsm;vdkU A[k0kpfeJU qdkxm;wJUtwGuf

MuufnDaemifvdk olvJtvkyfudk olUnDaemifawGeJUtwlwuG tvkyf0ifawmhr,f

qdkwmudkvJ ajymNyD;om; jzpfoGm;jyefw,f/ 'Dvdkajymp&m&SdwmawGudk tukefxkwf

rajymawmhbJ nTef;&kHav; t&dyft>ruf nTef;ajymwwfwmuvJ BuD;rm;wJU

uAsmwpfyk'f&JU om"u jzpfaejyefw,f/

rl&if; t*FvdyfuAsmu wpfyg' (wpfaMumif;)rSm £,rÁ*dkPf; (v[k-*&k

tu©&m ESpfvkH;wJG) ig;ck? tu©&mq,fvkH;eJU zGJUxm;w,f/ yxryg'eJU 'kwd,yg'?

wwd,yg'eJU pwkw¦yg'pojzifh um&ef,lxm;w,f/ jrefrmvdkuAsmjyK&mrSm

*dkPf;udk o,faqmifay;zdkU awmh rvG,fbl;/ um&efuawmh jzpfEdkifw,f/

'Dtwdkif;yJ jrefrmuAsm jyefMunfhygr,f/

192

MuufwGefcsdef

tvif;ykqdefxufeJU ckwfvSJ&r,fh

nrSm aygufwJU tawG;awmxJuuG,fh

nxJu MuufESpfaumif twlwGefawmh

aiG xdk;ESufcsufeJU tarSmifudk cGJvdkufaygh/

igh rsufvkH;a&SU wHydk;orm; t>rm 0if;y?

tvif; a&SUawmfajy;awG

wpfbuf wpfaumifus

wHqdyfES,f wpfaumifudk

wpfaumif qdkifvdkU/

,mxJ EdkUnSpfolwkdU zdeyf BudK;csnfvdkU/

tuf'0gh'f awmarmhpf

193

BUT THOSE UNHEARD

From where I sit I see a patch

Of sky, but chiefly trees;

A lovely thing to view their green

Within the window­frame;

Not only green of varying tone

Beneath the dominant blue,

But blossoms burning in the green

Chanting their secret song.

Along the lignumvitae shine

Clusters of tender mauve;

Above, against the sky, bright stars

Of frangipani glow,

And scarlet bougainvillea throbs

From out the deepest green.

A lovely thing to see all this

Within the window­frame

The long blue archway of the sky,

The music of the trees,

To let the senses sink within

This silent symphony.

Frank Collymore

rMum;&wJU aw;*Dw

olU&Ju emrnfausmf ]acgr ausmuftdk;zJGUwrf;csif; uAsmrSm t*Fvdyf

a&mrEådu uAsmq&m udwfpf[m NAdwdoQjywdkufxJrSmjyxm;wJU ausmuftdk;

wpftdk;udk Munfhrdawmh ausmuftdk;ay: a&;qGJxm;wJU yef;csDxJrSm yavGrIwf

194

aeolurIwf? AkHwD;olu wD;aewmudk jrif&w,f/ 'Dawmh uAsmq&mu olwkdU

wD;rIwfMur,fh aw;*Dwudk ]pdwfem;eJU em;qif Munfhum

Mum;&wJU aw;oHrsm;[m csKdw,f? 'gayr,fh rMum;&wJU aw;oHrsm;u

ydkvdkUcsKd&JU

vdkUzGJUqdkvdkufygw,f/

'Dyg' ESpfaMumif;[m ausmfMum;oGm;NyD; rMumrMumudk;um;p&m pum;qdk&dk;

av;vdk jzpfoGm;w,f/ tck wifqufxm;wJU uAsm&JU acgif;pOfu 'Dudwfpf&JU

yg'xJu pmom;udk ,lxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ Heard melodies are sweeet, but

those unheard are sweeter qdkwJUtxJu but those unheard

udk,lxm;wmyg/ tckb,fvdkem;eJU rMum;&wJU aw;oHawGvJ zwfMunfhMu&atmif/

from where I sit igxdkifaewJU ae&muae «uAsmq&m[m tcef;xJrSm

xkdifae ykHygyJ»

I see a patch of sky aumif;uif&JU wpfydkif;wpfpudk igjrif&w,f/

But chiefly trees 'gayr,fh t"du yifr (jrif&wmawGuawmh)

opfyifawGyg yJ/

A lovely thing MunfEl;p&myJ/

to view their green olwkdU&JU (opfyifawG&JU)tpdrf;a&mifudk &IMunfh&wm

(MunfEl;p&myJ)/

within the window­frame jywif;aygufabmiftwGif;rSm

(olwkdUtpdrf;udk &IMunfh&wm MunfEl;p&myJ/) uAsmq&m&JU tcef;jywif;ayguf

abmiftwGif; aumif;uif wpfydkif;wpfpeJU opfyifpdrf;pdrf;awGyJ jrifae&w,f/

yef;csDum;wpfcsyfozG,f jzpfaeordkU Munfh&wm MunfEl;p&myJwJU/

195

Not only green of varying tone wkef;trsKd;rsKd;eJU jzpfaewJUtpdrf; wGif

r[kwfao; «ta&miftEk? t&ifhtrsKd;rsKd; jzpfaewmudk ]wkef;trsKd;rsKd; jzpfaew,f

vdkU yef;csDpum;eJU qdkw,f»/

but blossoms burning in the green tpdrf;xJrSm avmifuRrf;aewJU

tyGifhrsm;vnf; ygao;w,f/ «t&Gufxktpdrf;a&mifxJrSm yef;yGifhawG pdrfh0if

a&m,Suf oGm;ykHudkyJ ]avmifuRrf;0ifaew,fvkdU zGJUxm;w,f/»

Chanting their secret song (tyGifhuav;awG[m) vQKdU0Sufaw;udk

oDqdkum (avmifuRrf;aeMuw,f)? ]rMum;&wJUaw;oHu 'DrSmpygNyD/ yef;yGifhhav;

awG aw;oDwmudk rHoem;eJU rMum;&yg/ pdwful;em;eJUom Mum;&wmjzpfygw,f/

Along the lignumvitae vpf&erfAdkifwD;yif (opfrmyifwpfrsKd;)wpfavQmuf

rSm?

shine clusters of tender mauve r&rf;a&mifEkEk t>ywftpkrsm;

0if;yae Muw,f «opfcGyef;awGudk qdkvdkykH&w,f/»

Above, against the sky tay:rSm? rdk;aumifeJU,SOfum? rdk;aumif;uifudk

aemufcHjyKum

bright stars of frangipani glow w&kwfpHum; Mu,fawG vif;vufae

Muw,f/ «w&kwfpHum;yef;eJU Mu,fudk &lyujyKxm;w,f/»

And the scarlet bougainvillea eD;apG;apG; puúLyef;awG/

throbs from out the deepest green teuf&Idif;qkH; tpdrf;xJuae

zdkvIdufaeawmhw,f/

A lovely thing to see all this 'g(awG) tm;vkH;udk jrif&wm

MunfEl;p&mygyJ «0gusu rqkH;ao;? atmufutcsufawGygygw,f? olwkdUudkvnf;

jrif&ao;w,fvdkU qdkvdkw,f»/

within the window­fame­ jywif;abmiftwGif;rSm ('gawGtm;vkH;jrif

&wm MunfEl;p&myJ) «rsOf;wdkudk okH;xm;wJUtwGuf atmufygtcsufrsm;[mvJ

MunfEl;p&mxJ tusKH;0ifw,fvdkU qdkvdkw,f/»

196

The long blue archway of the sky &Snfvsm; jymvJUvJU

aumif;uifrkwfckH; (jywif;aygufxJu jrif&wJU opfyifwkdUtxufu aumif;uif

wpfpGef;wpfp[m rkwfckH;ckH; BuD;ES,f xif&w,f/)

The music of the trees opfyifwdkU&JUaw;*Dw (wu,fuawmh

jrif&kHyJjrif&wm yg/ 'gayr,fh tpdrf;xJrSm r&rf;Ek? teD&ifh? t0ga&mifpkH xkd;azmuf

jzwfqif;aeykH[m &pforfusw,f? 'gaMumifh *DweJU EIdif;vdkufw,f/ rjrif&wJU

*Dwaygh)

To let the senses sink within this silent symphony 'DtoHwdwf

qifzeDwD;0dkif;&JU *DwxJ tm&kHcHpm;rIawGudk ESpfypfvdkuf&wm (MunfEl;p&m

aumif;ygbdw,f) (txufem;u A lovely thing [m 'Dtxd tusKH;0ifw,f)

uAsmuawmh 'gygyJ/ uAsmq&m[m jywif;aygufuaetjyifudk

Munfhvdkufw,f/ opfyifawGeJU aumif;uifwpfydkif;wpfpudk jrifMu&w,f/

aumif;uif&JU tjymatmufrSm opfyifwkdU&JU tpdrf;a&mif[m tEkt&ifh trsKd;rsKd;

jzpfaew,f/ tJ'Dtpdrf;xJudk tyGifhwkdU&JU ta&mifrsm;u 0if;yvif;vufum

avmifuRrf;pdrfh0ifaew,f/ opfcGwkdU&JUr&rf;Ek? w&kwf pum; t0g? puúLyef;

eDapG;apG;/ 'Da&mifpkH&Icif;[m &pforfa&m [mrdkeDyg ajyjypfwJU opfyifwkdU&JU

MunfEl;p&m qifzeDaw;*Dw jzpfw,f/ 'D*DwoHxJudk cHpm;rItm&kHawG pdrfh0if

aerdum yDwd&ovdk BuKHawGUae&ygawmhowJU/ 'gem;eJUrMum;&wJU aw;ygyJ/

*Refudpfa&;pOfu rMum;&wJU *Dwqdkwm &kyfykHtjriftm&kHrdkUvdkU rMum;&wm/

'gayr,fh udk,fhpdwful;eJUudk,f? pdwful;uRefUcsifwdkif; uGefUNyD; em;qifMunfhvdkU&wmrdkU

wu,fMum;&wJU aw;*DwxufydkNyD; csKdNrdefw,fvdkU a&;cJUwmjzpfw,f/ 'gudkz&efUuf

aumvDarmu enf;enf;csJUxGifvdkufw,f/ udpfu yavGrIwfaewJU t&kyfudk

rsufpdeJU MunfhNyD; *DwoHudk pdwful;eJU em;axmifMunfhwm/ aumvDarmuawmh

opfyifawG&JU tqif;ta&miftrsKd;rsKd; zufpyf,SOfwGJaeMuwJU toGifudku

*DwoHjzpfw,fvdkU ajymwm/ 'Dta&mifawG&JU &pforf? ta&mifawG&JU [mrdkeDuyJ

*Dwjzpfw,fvdkUajymwm? qifzeDjzpf w,fvdkU ajymwm/

197

wpfenf;ajym&&if *Refudpfu pdwful;eJU em;qifMunfh&wJU *Dw[m

t&om&SdvS w,fvdkUqdkw,f/ pdwful;udk OD;pm;ay;vdk&if;vdkUqdk&r,f/ z&efUuf

aumvDarmuawmh &Icif;av;&JU ajyjypfvSyykHudkyJ *Dwjzpfw,fvdkUajymwm

jzpfw,f/ opfyifawG&JU *DwtoH udk pdwful;eJU em;qifMunfhwmr[kwfbl;/

pdwful;tvkyf rvkyfbl;/ jrif&wJUtm&kHxJ cHpm;rI awG pdrfh0ifcHpm;NyD; yDwdokc

jzef&ykHudk azmfusL;xm;wmom jzpfw,f/

uJ-tck olUuAsmav;udk jrefrmuAsm jyKMunfhMu&atmif/

rl&if;uAsmudk tu©&m&SpfvkH;yg yg'eJU ajcmufvkH;yg yg'wpfvSnfhpDa&;zGJU

xm;w,f/ um&efr,lbl;/ yg' toD;oD;rSm v[k*&ktwGJ (£trÁ*dkPf;)av;awGeJU

rMwm &pforf,l xm;&JU/

rMum;&wJU *Dw

ig xdkifae&muae aumif;uif

wpfpudk jrif&? opfyifcsnf;/

jywif;ayguf abmiftwGif;u

olwkdU&JU tpdrf;udk &I&wm MunfEl;p&m/

vTrf;rdk;ol tjymatmufrSm

wkef;trsKd;rsKd;eJU tpdrf;wifru?

tyGifhawG tpdrf;xJ avmifuRrf;?

vQKdU0Suf aw;udk &GwfaeMuw,f/

oufZdk;yif wpfavQmuf awmufyae&JU

r&rf;EkEk t>ywftckdifrsm;/

txufrSm? aumif;uifrSm? w&kyfpHum;

Mu,fwkdU vif;aeMu/

eDapG;apG; puúLyef; vIdufzdkae

teuf&Idif;qkH; tpdrf;xJuaey/

198

jywif;ayguf abmiftwGif;u

'g tukef jrif&wm MunfEl;p&m

aumif;uif&JU rkwfckH; jymjym &Snf&Snf

opfyifwkdU&JU aw;*Dw

'D toHqdwf qifzeDxJ

tm&kHawG ESpfjrKyfypf&wmrsm;/

z&efUuf aumvDarm

199

I SHALL RETURN

I shall return again, I shall return

To laugh and love and watch with wonder eyes.

At golden noon the forest fires burn,

Wafting their blue­black smoke to sapphire skies,

I shall return to loiter by the streams

That bathe the brown blades of the bending grasses.

And realize once more my thousand dreams

Of waters rushing down the mountain passes.

I shall return to hear the fiddle and fife

Of village dances, dear delicious tunes

That stir the hidden depths of native life,

Stray melodies of dim­remembered runes.

I shall return. I shall return again

To ease my mind of long, long years of pain.

Claude Mckay

a&TjynfXme a0;aomfaMumifh

a0;ajr&yfjcm;udka&mufwJUtcg udk,fhZmwdajrudk vGrf;qGwfwrf;w wwfMu

wm vlom;wdkU"r®wmayyJ/ rJZma&muf trwfBuD;u olUa&TNrdKUawmfudk wrf;w

cJUw,f/ ]]onfqD a&TNrdKU? onfodkU apwD? onfqDa&Tef; ajzmifhwef;awmhrnf

pdwfu&nfonf..../ EdkifiH&yfjcm;udk ynmoifoGm;cJU&wJU jrefrmpmqdkuvnf;

]]rvmjzpfEdkifbl; igacwfwpfcg ukefawmh? rD;a&mifpkH uRwfoDwif;udkv &ifwGif;u

ylqmqmeJU vGrf;rdygw,f/

*sarum;uRef;rSm 1890 uarG;zGm;cJUum 1912 rSm tar&duef

jynfaxmifpkudk tNyD;tydkif xGufcGmoGm;NyD; aexdkifcJUwJU uAsmq&muavmh'f

200

rau;uvJ olUZmwdajr *sarum;udk vGrf;wrdaMumif; uAsmawG a&;zGJUcJUw,f/

tck uAsm[m olUvGrf;uAsmwpf yk'fyg/ zwfMunfhygbd/

acgif;pOf I shall return ]]igjyefvmr,fygwJU/ uAsmpmudk,fudkvJ

'Dpum;eJUyJ zGifhygw,f/ pmudk,ftwGif;rSmvJ xyfumxyfum ausmhxm;wm

awGU&vdrfhr,f/ b,favmufawmif jyefcsifpdwf? vGrf;wpdwf jyif;xefaeovJ

qdkwmudk tav;teuf azmfusL;jyxm;wmygyJ/

I shall return again igxyfNyD; jyefvmr,fwJU/ again vdkUqdkxm;

wJUtwGuf apmapmuvJ jyefzl;NyDaygh/

I shall return igjyefr,f «'DrSm 0gusrqkH;ao;ygbl;? bmvdkUjyefrSmvJ

qufzwf...»

to laugh and love and watch &,farmrdkU? cspfzdkU? MunfhzdkU

«oabmusNyD; &,fr,f? cspfr,f? NyD;awmh Munfhaer,fwJU? pum;vkH;okH;vkH;udk

a&G;cs,fpDpOfxm;ykH[m rSwfom;avmufp&m jzpfw,f/ bmudk oabmusrSmvJ?

MunfhrSmvJ qufajymygvdrfhr,f»

with wonder eyes wtHUwMo rsufvkH;awGeJU «'DrSm bmomjyefu

rl&if;udk vdkufrrDbl;/ t*Fvdyfpum; wonder u]]tHUMowmtjyif MunfEl;yDwd

jzpf&wmudkyg qdkvdkw,f»

at golden noon a&TrGef;wnfhcsdefrSm «'Dae&mrSm ]]a&Tu 0g0if;wJUtvif;

a&miftjyif vuf0JokE´&&JU ]]a&TNrdKUvdk udk,fcspfcifjrwfEdk;vdkU 0daooejyK

vdkufwJUoabm ygaqmifw,f/»

the forest fires burn awmrD;awG avmifuRrf;aewmudk «txufu

]]MunfhzdkUeJUpyf/ awmrD;awG avmifuRrf;wmudk Munfhr,f/ oabmusr,faygh/

'Dae&mrSm awmrD;u tEå&m,fay;wJU rD;tBuD;pm;rsKd;udk qdkvdkwmr[kwfbJ

awmawGawmifawGrSm jrifawGUaeus tEå&m,fr&SdvSwJU awmrD;tao;tzGJ

rsKd;avmufudk qdkvdkwmvdkU em;vnf& w,f/»

201

wafting their blue­black smoke to sapphire skies

tjymteufrD;cdk;udk eDvmaumif;uifjyifqD aqmifaoG;vsuf «awmrD;wdkU

avmifuRrf;wmudk MunfhzkdUigjyef r,f»

I shall return to loiter by the streams acsmif;wkdUeab; rcGJEdkif

rcGm&uf vrf;ovm;zkdU igjyefr,f/ «0gusrqkH;ao;bl;/ acsmif;zGJU 0daooevmr,f»

That bathe the brown blades of the bending grasses

udkif;nTwfaewJU jrufyifwkdU&JU &GufndKwkdUudk a&yufjzef;ay;wJU «acsmif;rsm;»

And realize once more wpfcgxyfrH taumiftxnfay:apr,f

«bmudkvJ»

my thousand dreams ig&JUtdyfrufwpfaxmifudk «taumiftxnf

ay:apr,f/ bmtdyfrufvJ»

Of waters rushing down the mountain passes

awmifMum;awGuae wpf[kefxdk; ajy;qif;vmMuwJU a&vsOfawGtaMumif; «ig

tdyfrufwpfaxmif rufcJU&wmudk taumiftxnfay:apr,f/ 'Dawmifusacsmif;

awGudk MunfhcsifvGef;vdkU tdyfruf ruf aecJU&wm tBudrfwpfaxmif ruNyD/ ckvdk

jyefa&mufvmrS acsmif;ab; vrf;ovm;&if; tm;&yg;&&Ipm;um tdyfrufudk

taumiftxnfazmf&awmhr,fvdkU qdkvdkw,f»

I shall return to hear em;qifzkdU jyefr,f «bmudkem;qifrSmvJ»

the fiddle and fife of village dances aus;&Gm tuawGeJUwa,moH

yavGoHudk «em;qifzdkU jyefr,f»

dear delicious tunes cspf&wJU t&om&SdvSwJU aw;oGm;awG

That stir the hidden depths of native life wdkif;&if;om;wkdUb0&JU

zkH;uG,f aewJU euf&Idif;rIrsm;udk vIHUaqmfay;wJU «aw;oGm;rsm;/ wdkif;&if;om;

aus;vufjynfolwkdUrSm arwåm? u&kPm? ol&owådpwJU tZöswårSm udef;atmif;

aewJU (zkH;uG,faewJU)w&m;awG&SdMuw,f/ 'DeufeJwJUw&m;awGudk olwkdU&JU

aw;*Dwu vIHUqGay;w,f»

202

Stray melodies of dim­remembered runes 0dk;w0g;owd&MuwJU

tif;tdkif rEå&m;wkdU&JU [dkwpfp 'Dwpfp aw;oHrsm; «rune qdkwm a&S;a[mif;

puef'DaeAD;,m; t*FvqufqefwkdU&JU tu©&mvdkUvJ t"dyÜm,f&w,f/ tif;csw,f

qdkwJU arSmfuGufawG udkvnf; a[mw,f/ a&S;uAsmawGudkvJ qdkvdkw,f/

a&S;uuAsmqdkwm arSmftwwfeJU a&maxG;aewwfwmudk owdjyKygav»

I shall return igjyefr,f

I shall return igjyefOD;r,f

to ease my mind of long, long years of pain &Snfvsm;vSNyDjzpfwJU

ESpfawG&Ju 'ku©a0'emuae ighpdwfudkoufom&m &apzdkU «ig jyefOD;r,f»

uAsmudk wpfyg'rSm tu©&mq,fvkH;? v[k*&k twGJqdkwJU £trÁ*dkPf;

5*dkPf;? yg' 14ck? ucuc*C*Cipipqq um&ef,lum zGJUqdkxm;w,f/

'DvdktzGJUrsKd;udk aqmhEéwfvdkUac:w,f/ tu©&mvkH;a&eJU um&efudkyJ bmomjyefrSm

tokH;jyKxm;w,f/

igjyefr,f

ig aemufwpfacguf jyefOD;r,f/ ig jyefr,f/

eDvmaumif;uifxd eufjymrD;cdk; o,fum

a&TrGef;wnfhcsdef awmrD;wdkU avmifwmudkuG,f

tHUMorsufvkH;eJU Munfh? cspf? &,farmzdkUom/

udkif;nGwf jrufyif &GufndKwdkUudk qGwfjzef;wJU

acsmif;eab; zifhEGJvl;vmzkdU ig jyefr,f/

awmifMum;u wpftm;qif;wJU a&vsOf&JU

tdyfrufwpfaxmif taumiftxnf azmfOD;r,f/

0dk;0g; rEå&m;&JU BudK;usm; *Dw?

wdkif;&if;b0 euf&Idif;rIrsm; vIyfqGwJU

cspf&wJU? csKdNrdefwJU aw;? aus;vuf tu

203

wa,m-yavGoH em;qifzdkU ig jyefr,fuJGU/

ig jyefr,f/ ig aemufwpfacguf jyefOD;r,f/

ESpf&Snf a0'em igh pdwfu ajyzdkUuG,f/

uavmh'f rau;

yg' 14ck (14 aMumif;) yg0ifwJU 'DuAsmrSm rau;u olvGrf;wJU

olUZmwdajrudk &Icif;okH;uGufeJU o&kyfazmfxm;w,f/ oloabmtusqkH; &Icif;

av;awG&ifvJ jzpfr,f/ olUZmwdajrudk o&kyfazmf&mrSm tyDjyifqkH;? txif&Sm;

qkH;vdkU ol,lqwJU &Icif;uav;awG &SdvdkU&ifvJ jzpfr,f/ (1) awmrD;? (2)awmifus

prf;acsmif;? (3)aus;vuftu/ txufem; uaxmufjycJUovdk awmrD;qdkwm

BuD;us,fvm&ifjzifh NrdKU&Gmbufudkyg ul;pufvmNyD; tEå&m,fay;Edkifygw,f/

'gayr,fh rjzpfpavmufuav; jrufajcmufuav;awGudk avmifum avmifp&m

ukef&if Nidrf;oGm;wwfwJU rD;rsKd;uawmh tEå&m,fr&SdwJUtjyif pdrf;vef;pdkjynf

jymvJUvJUxJrSm 0g0g0if;0if;eJU qefUusiftvSwpfrsKd; jzpfaewwfao;w,f/ rEåav;

bufuae nnta&SU&Srf;awmifawGqD vSrf;Munfh&if 'D awmrD;wkdU&JU tvSudk

oabmaygufvdrfhr,f/

awmifusprf;acsmif;wkdU&JU tvSudkawmh txl;ajymzdkU vdkr,frxifygbl;/

usKdufxD; &dk;awmif? ykyÜm;awmifwkdUudk wufzl;olwdkif;oabmaygufr,f/

awmifusprf;acsmif;&JU ESpfvdkzG,faumif;wmu &Iarm&wm vSvdkUwifr[kwfbl;/

armarmyef;yef;eJU awmifwuf vmoltzdkU pdefvufvuf prf;a&udk jrif&uwnf;u

MunfEl;rdNyD/ tarmajyaomuf&awmhvJ at;jrygbdcsif;/ csKd;csifoyqdkvJ csKd;Edkif

ao;/ NrdKUBuD;jyBuD;&JU usyftdkufrGef;qdkUaeolwkdU tzdkU awmifus prf;acsmif;[m

vGrf;p&mawmifhwp&m taumif;qkH;jzpfw,f/

bk&m;yGJtvSLyGJawGrSm uRefawmfwdkU tnmaus;vuf&JU 'dk;ywfoHeJUtu[m

cspfwwfolrsm;tzdkUawmh vGrf;avmufp&m jzpfygayw,f/ acwfay:wD;0dkif;[m

b,fvdkaumif;ayr,fhvJ 'dk;ywfeJU 0dkif;zGJUuvmwmudk jrif&Mum;&wm Nrdef&nf

&Suf&nf &SdvS w,f/ olwkdUqDrSmawmh aus;vufrSm yifwdkifwl&d,mu wa,mygyJ/

204

wa,meJU oDcsif;qdk ovdkwa,meJUyJ 0dkif;zGJUuMuw,f/ 'D *Dw 'DturSm

aus;vufjynfolwkdU&JU &ifxJu cHpm; csufawG arQmfac:csufawG yDjrnfaew,f/

&dk;&m ,kHMunfcsufawGeJUvnf; jynfhESufae wwfw,f/ ]]atmifygap oajyyef;eJU

vdkU oDqdkvdkuf&mrSm ]]OKHzG Nidrf;csrf;MuapqdkwJU *gxmrEåmef &Gwf&ovdk

wefcdk;tmedoif tjynfhygaew,fvdkU &ifxJu ,kHMunfaewmyg/ 'gEdkifiHwumrSm

a&S;ya0uwnf;u tjrpfwG,fcJUwmjzpfygw,f/ uAsmeJU arSmftwwf qufEG,f

aew,fvdkU okawoDrsm; avhvmokH;oyfjyxm;csufawG&Sdaew,f/ 'gaMumifh

aus;vuftueJU aw;oH[m &dk;pif;wmeJUtrQ ESpfvdkzG,faumif;aewmvJ jzpfw,f/

'gudkvJ uAsmq&mu vGrf;rdawmhw,fwJU/ t"du okH;ckudka&G;NyD; zGJUvdkufw,f/

205

PRUNING TREES

Trees growing right in front of my window;

The trees are high and the leaves grow thick.

Sad alas! the distant mountain view

Obscured by this, dimly shows between.

One morning I took knife and axe;

With my own hand I lopped the branches off.

Ten thousand leaves fall about my head;

A thousand hills came before my eyes.

Suddeny, as when clouds or mists break

And straight through, the blue sky appears,

Again, like the face of a friend one has loved

Seen at last after an age of parting.

First there came a gentle wind blowing;

One by one the birds flew back to the tree.

To ease my mind I gazed to the South­East;

As my eyes wandered, my thoughts went far away.

Of men there is none that has not some preference;

Of things there is none but mixes good with ill.

It was not that I did not love the tender branches;

But better still, ­ to see the green hills!

Po Chu­I

Translated by Arthur Waley

b,foif;omvdkU,Of

'Dwpfywfawmh vGefcJUwJU ESpfaygif;wpfaxmifausmfu ay:xGef;cJUwJU

w&kwfuAsm q&mBuD; ydkufcsLtD (772-846)&JU uAsmwpfyk'fudk wifqufvdkw,f/

*Eå0ifw&kwfpmqdkBuD;awG&JU vuf&mawGudk t*Fvdyfvdkbmomjyef&mrSm emrnfBuD;

206

vSwJU tmoma0vD&JU t*Fvdyfbmomjyefuae jrefrmjyef&rSm jzpfygw,f/

tmoma0vD[m rl&if;w&kwftmabmfudk opöm&Sd&Sd o,faqmifay;um t*Fvdyf

pum; acsmacsmarGUarGUeJU wifqufEdkifwJUtwGuf emrnfBuD;wmjzpfygw,f/

bmomjyefenf;awGudk azmfxkwfnTefMum;avh&SdwJU bmomjyefynm&SifvJ jzpfw,f/

acgif;pOfrSmygwJU prune qdkwmopfyifudk? csKHudk vSywifhw,fatmif?

ydkrkd&Sifoef BuD;xGm;atmif tudkif;t&Guf pwmawG vSD;jzwfnSday;wmudk

ajymwmyg/

Trees growing tyifawG aygufaeMuw,f? &SdaeMuw,f/

Right in front of my window ighjywif;aygufa&SU wnfhwnfhrSm (tyif

awGaygufaeMu? &SdaeMuw,f)

The trees are high tyifawGu jrifhw,f/

and the leaves grow thick t&GufawG xlydef;odyfonf;aew,f/

Sad alas! tvdkav; aMuuGJzG,f

the distant mountain view ta0;u awmifjrifuGif;? ta0;u

awmifwef;udk jrif&wm

Obscured by this 'gaMumifh (tyifawGt&GufawGaMumifh) 0dk;w0g;om

jrif& awmhwJU (awmifjrifuGif;[m)

dimly shows between Mum;rSm rIef0g;0g;jyoaew,f? rIef0g;0g;yJ

jrif&awmh w,f (awmifudk rIef0g;0g;yJ jrif&w,f)

One morning wpfreufawmh

I took knife and axe "m;eJU ykqdefudk igxkwfcJUw,f/

With my own hands ig&JUvufawGeJUyJ

I lopped the branches off opfudkif;awGudk igcsKdifcsvdkufw,f/

ten thousand leaves opf&Gufwpfaomif;

A thousand hills awmifukef;wpfaxmif

207

came before my eyes ighrsufpda&SUrSm ay:vmMuawmhw,f/ (awmifawG

udk igjrif&NyD)

Suddenly &kwfw&uf? jAKef;ueJ

as when clouds or mists beak wdrfwkdU ESif;wdkU uGJoGm;MuwJUtcgrSmvdk

And straight through azmufxGif; yGifhvif;um

the blue sky appears aumif;uifjym ay:vmaygh

Again aemufNyD; (xyf Oyrmay;&&if)

like the face of friend rdwfaqGwpfOD;&JU rsufESmvdk (0gusurqkH;ao;)

on has loved rdrdcspfwJU (rdwfaqGwpfOD;)

seen at last after an age of parting wpfacwf (=tMumBuD;) cGJae&

NyD;aemuf aemufqkH;rSm jrifawGU&wJU? (rdrdcspfwJU rdwfaqGwpfOD;&JU rsufESmudk

wpfacwf cGJcGmae&NyD;aemuf aemufqkH;rSm jrifvdkuf&ovdkygyJ)

First yxr

there came a gentle wind blowing nifomwJUav wdkufcwf

vmw,f/

One by one wpfaumifNyD; wpfaumif

the birds flew back to tree iSufawG opfyifqD jyefvnfysHoef;vmMu

awmhw,f

To ease my mind ighpdwf oufomapzdkU pdwfylyifaomu a&mufaewm

rsm;udk ajzazsmufzdkU

I gazed to the South­East ta&SUawmifbufqD igai;Munfhrdw,f/

(awmif awGu ajrmufbufrSm &Sdwmjzpfygvdrfhr,f)

As my eyes went far away ightawG;awGvJ ta0;qD

a&mufoGm;awmhw,f (opfyiftudkif;jzwfwJUudpöeJU rqdkifwmudk awG;aerdw,f)

Of men vlawGrSm? vlrsm;teuf

there is none wpfa,mufrSr&Sd (b,fvdkvlr&SdwmvJ 0gusurqkH;ao;)

208

that has not some preference (wpfckkckudk tjcm;wpfckckxuf)

ydkBudKufwm r&SdwJUol (wpfa,mufrS r&Sdbl;)

Of things t&m0w¦Krsm;rSm? t&m0w¦Krsm;teuf

there is none wpfckrSr&Sd? (0gusrqkH;ao;)

But mixes good with ill aumif;wmudk qdk;wmeJU a&maewmuvGJvdkU

(wpfckrSr&Sd)= aumif;wmudk qdk;wmeJU a&mMuwmcsnfh? ra&mwmr&Sd

It was not r[kwf&ygbl; (bmr[kwfwmvJ)

that I did not love the tender branches opfudkif;EkEkwkdUudk igrcspf

wm(r[kwf&ygbl;)

But better still 'gayr,fh (ig)ydkrdk (cspfrd)wmu

to see the green hill awmifukef;pdrf;pdrf;awGudk jrifzdkUygyJ/

uAsmq&m&JU tcef;jywif;ayguf a&SUwnfhwnfhrSm opfyifawG &Sdaew,f/

opfudkif;awGuvJ a0pnfygbdoeJU/ 'Dtyif 'Dtudkif;awGaMumifhl ta0;u

awmifwef;udk yDyDoo rjrif&awmhbl;/ 0dk;w0g;yJjrif&w,f/ 'geJUwpfreufawmh

"m;eJUykqdefudk ,lum opfudkif;awG udkckwfcsvdkufawmhw,f/ opfudkif;opf&GufawG

a<uusukefwmeJU twl qDD;ESif;jrLwdrfwdkU uGJoGm;MuwJUtcgrSm aumif;uifjymBuD;udk

&Sif;&Sif;xif;xif; jrif&awmhovdk tckjrif&ygawmhw,f/ ESpf&Snfvrsm;uJGuGmae&wJU

cspfcif&ol rdwfaqGrsufESmudk jrifvdkuf&ovdkygyJ/

opfudkif;awG uG,faewm r&SdawmhNyDrdkU avjynfavnSif;uav; okwfjzL;

vmwm udk yxrqkH; cHpm;vdkuf&w,f/ 'Daemufawmh aus;iSufwdkUvnf; apmapm

u vefUajy;cJU Mu&mu tckopfyifqD jyefvnfysHoef;vmMuygawmhw,f/

opfudkif;awG ckwfcsrdwm rSm;rsm;oGm;yvm;? rSefwmudkyJ vkyfrdwmvm;?

pdwfxJrSm 'Gd[oHo,awG cHpm;&w,f/ 'geJU pdwfajyvufaysmuf ta&SUawmif

bufqD ai;Munfh Munfrdw,f/ [dkonfrsufvkH;upm;avQmufMunfh&if; pdwfuvJ

tawG;e,fcsJUaerdw,f/ vlqdkwm wpfckudk wpfckxuf ydkBudKufNrJyJ/ wpfckudkrS

209

ydkrBudKufwJUvlr&Sdygbl;/ t&m0w¦K qdk&mrSmvJ aumif;wmeJU qdk;wm'GefwJG

aeMuwmcsnfh/ 'Dawmh opfudkif;awGudk ckwfcsvdkufrdwm[m olwkdUudk rcspfvdkU

r[kwf/ olwkdUxuf cspfjrwfEdk;wJU awmifpdrf;pdrf;awGudk jrif&a&;twGuf ckwfvdkuf

&wmyguvm;vdkU ajzomoGm;awmhw,fwJU/

'g uAsm&JU qdkvdk&if;ygyJ/ rl&if; t*FvdyfuAsmudk zGJUpnf;xm;ykHu

um&efryg/ wpfyg'rSm tu©&m 10vkH; 9vkH;? *&koHudk wpfyg'rSm av;oHEIef;?

rMwmpepf rokH;bJ zGJUxm;wmyg/ uRefawmfwkdU jrefrmuAsm jyK&mrSmawmh vkH;a&eJU

*&koHwdkUudk tvsOf;oifh ovdkyJ ,lNyD;a&;csoGm;ygr,f/

opfudkif;jzwfnSdkjcif;

igh jywif;ayguf a&SUwnfhwnfhrSm opfyifawG?

tyifawG jrifhrm;? t&GufawG xlxJ?

tvdk? rIef0g;oGm;&wJU ta0;u awmif

0dk;w0g;om Mum;rSm &Ijrifom&JU/

wpfreuf igh "m;eJU ykqdef xkwfcJUw,f?

ighvufawGeJU tudkif;awGudk csKdifcsvdkufw,f/

opf&Gufwpfaomif; igh acgif;wpf0dkufa<uus

awmifwpfaxmif igha&SUrSm ay:vmaygh/

jAKef;qdk? wdrfawG ESif;awG uGJwJUtcgES,f

azmufxGif; yDjyif rdk;jym ay:vmawmhw,f/

wpfacwf cGJcJU&NyD;wJU aemufqkH; jrifvdkuf&wJU

cspfcif&ol oli,fcsif;&JU rsufESmES,fy/

yxrEl;nHU aqmfaoG;vmwJU avuav;?

wpfaumifNyD;wpfaumif iSufwkdU tyifqD ysHvmMu/

pdwfajyvufaysmuf ta&SUawmifqD ig ai;rd?

rsufvkH;wkdU vSnfhvnfpOf tawG;wdkU ta0;qDvGifh/

210

vlawGrSm wpfckudkydkBudKufwm r&Sdol r&Sdbl;/

t&mwdkUrSm taumif;-tqdk; ra&mwm r&Sdbl;/

opfudkif;EkEkwdkUudk ig rcspfvkdU r[kwfyg/

'gayr,fh ydkcspfrdwmu- awmifpdrf;pdrf;awG &IzdkU/

ydkufcsLtD

211

AUTUMN GROVE AFTER RAIN, BY WEN TIEN

Adrift in space,

The mountain's bare outline,

And a lower mountain's

Rocky waterfall ­ a white

Cleft on white mist ­

With here a few

Slopes of pines,

And there a fall

Of mossy stones

That tumble soundlessly

Into a whiteness

That is either lake

Or sea or mist,

Or nothing­

On which a grove of trees

Floats away on flat rocks,

With a thatched summerhouse

And a tiny man

Fishing

From only

Half a bridge.

James Kirkup

212

awmifcdk;ESifhwdrf

t*FvdyfuAsmq&mBuD; *sdrf;Zf um;uyf pydefjynfrSm tvnftywf

a&mufaepOf rdwfaqGwpfOD;u w&kwfyef;csDpmtkyfwpftkyf vufaqmifay;cJUyg

owJU/

yef;csDum;awGudkMunfhNyD; uAsmpsmef0ifvmordkU um;uyf uAsmawG a&;cs

vdkufw,f/ uAsmpkudk ]w&kwfjynfu yef;csDum; ckESpfum;vdkU trnfay;w,f/

1958 'DZifbmvxJrSm a&;cJUwmyg/ uAsmq&mudk,fwdkifajymjywmuawmh

'DuAsmawG[m

w&kwf&IarQmfcif;yef;csDu xl;jcm;vSwJU a0;eD;edrfhjrifhoabmudk o,faqmif

ay;zdkU BudK;pm;xm;wm jzpfw,f/

&mrtjrifheJU ta0;wkdU&JUoabm/ awmawGvGifjyifBuD;awG&JU BuD;rm;

us,fjyefUrI xJrSm vleJU olUvuf&m[m ao;i,foGm;&wJUtaMumif;ygyJ

vdkUjzpfw,f/

tckwifqufvdkufwJU uAsm[m tJ'DuAsmckESpfyk'fxJu eHygwf 7

jzpfygw,f/ uAsm&JU acgif;pOfu Autumn Grove After Rain, by Wen Tien

qdkawmh jrefrmvdk ]0efwdef a&;qGJwJU rdk;&GmNyD;aemuf o&'NrdKif vdkU jyefqdk&

ayvdrfhr,f/ zwfMunfh Mu&atmif/

Adrift in space tmumoxJrSm ([if;vif;jyifBuD;xJrSm) vGifharsmvsuf

The mountain's bare outline awmif&JU AvmaumufaMumif; (yef;csD

q&m[m wpfpkHwpf&mudk qGJawmhr,fqdk&if yxr aumufaMumif;ykHudk rD;aoG;eJU

jcpfqGJyg w,f/ NyD;rS tqmyvmawGxnfhygw,f/ tJovdk trGrf;trHawG bmrS

xnfhrxm;ao;wJU awmifykH aumufaMumif;)

And a lower mountain'/Rocky waterfall NyD;awmh (ckeu

awmifxuf) edrfhwJU awmifwpfawmif&JU ausmufom; a&wHcGef/ 'Dausmufom;

a&wHcGefqdkwm bmrsm;ygvdrfh/ qufzwf)

213

A White/Cleft on white mist jzLjzLazG;azG; ESif;ay:u jzLjzLazG;azG;

tufaMumif;wpfckyg/

With here a few/Slopes of pines 'DrSm xif;&SL; qifajcavQm

tcsKdU(xif;&SL;yif awG aygufaewJU awmifapmif;qifajcavQmrsm;vdkUqdkvdkw,f)

And there a fall of mossy stones [dkrSm a&nSdwufaewJU

ausmufwkH;awG&JU a&wHcGefwpfck ('gvnf; wu,fha&wHcGefudkajymwm r[kwfbl;/

ckeu ]ausmufom;a&wHcGef vdk ausmufwkH;awGuae a&wHcGefES,fjzpfaewmudk

ajymwm)

That tumble soundlessly (tJ'DausmufwkH;a&wHcGef[m) toHrjrnfbJ

NydKvJ qif;oGm;w,f/ b,fudkvJ

Into a whiteness jzLqGwfrIwpfckqDodkU (NydKvJqif;oGm;awmhw,f)/

0gusu rqkH;ao;bl;/ b,fvdkjzLqGwfrIvJ

That is either lake (tJ'DjzLqGwft&m[m)uef&ifvJ jzpfr,f/

Or sea yifv,f&ifvJjzpfr,f

Or mist ESif;jrL&ifvJ jzpfr,f

Or nothing bmrS r[kwfwm&ifvJ jzpfr,f/ 'DaemufqkH;ajcmufyg'udk

olUt*Fvdyf0guszGJUxkH;twdkif; jyefqdk&&if ][dkdrSm ausmufwkH;a&wHcGefwpfck[m

uef&ifvJ jzpfEdkif? yifv,fvJjzpfEdkif? ESif;jrLvJjzpfEdkif? bmrSr[kwfwmvJjzpfEdkifwJU

jzLqGwfqGwft&m wpfckqD toHrJUrJUeJU? NydKqif;oGm;awmhw,fvdkUqdk&r,f/

On which tJ'Day:rSm

a grove of trees opfyifpkwpfck (NrdKif)[m

Floats away on flat rocks ausmufaqmifjym;jym;awGay:rSm arsmygoGm;

w,f

With a thatched summerhouse oufi,frdk; aEG&moD (aep&m)

wJuav;wpfwJ eJU

And a tiny man NyD; vlao;ao;av;wpfa,muf

214

Fishing ig;rQm;aew,f

From only/Half a bridge wHwm;wpf0ufqDuae (ig;rQm;aew,f)

olU0guszJGUxkH;t&uawmh ]wHwm;wpf0ufqDu ig;rQm;aewJUvlao;ao;av;

wpfa,muf&,fvdkU jzpfw,f/

uAsmuawmh 'gygyJ/

uAsmq&m *sdrf;Zf um;uyf[m w&kwf &IarQmfcif; yef;csDum;wpfum;udk

MunfhNyD; 'DuAsmudk a&;aewm jzpfw,fqdkwmudk owd&ygav/

yef;csDum;udk MunfhvdkufwJUtcg olyxrqkH; owdjyKrdwmuawmh

awmifBuD;wpfawmif&JU aumufaMumif;ykHygyJ/

bmrGrf;rHjc,fvS,frIrS rygwJU aumufaMumif;oufouf/ 'Dawmif

aumufaMumif; [m tmumoxJrSm vGifharsmae[ef xif&w,f/

'DaemufrSmawmh 'kwd,awmif wpfawmif/ yxrawmifxuf edrfhw,f/ 'D

'kwd, awmifrSm txufatmuf wef;aewJU tjzLpif;wpfckawGU&w,f/

a&wHcGefvdkvdkyJ/ a&wHcGefawmh r[kwfbl;/ ausmufaqmif ausmufom;yJ

qdkwm odomw,f/

awmifeH&Hu tufaMumif;BuD;wpfck jzpfrSmyJ/ 'DjzLjzLtufaMumif;[m

jrLESif;azG; azG;lawGay:rSm &yfwnfaewm awGU&w,f/

jrLESif;azG;azG;awGay:u ausmufa&wHcGefazG;azG;/

'Daemuf yef;csDum;udk tao;pdwf qufNyD; MunfhjyefwJUtcg [dkae&mrSm

opfyif pdrf;pdrf;eJU awmifqifajcavQm wpfck/

'Dae&mrSm a&wHcGefvdkvdkwpfck awGU&jyefw,f/ qifajcavQmay:aygufaewJU

tyifawGu xif&Sl;yifawG/

'DvdkqifajcavQmrsKd; okH;av;ck awGU&w,f/ a&wHcGefvdk[muawmh wpfckyJ

aemufxyf &SmawGUw,f/

ausmufwkH;awGeJUNyD;wJU a&wHcGefyg/ ausmufwkH;awGu a&nSdwufaew,f/

'DausmufwkH;awG[m toHrjrnfbJ NydKqif;aeMu[efyJ/

215

NydKqif;NyD; tjzLa&mifwpfckqD a&mufoGm;Mu[ef awGUjrif&w,f/

tJ'D jzLjzLt&m0w¦Kuawmh uefvJ jzpfEdkkif&JU/ jrLESif;vJ jzpfEdkif&JU/

yifv,fvJ jzpfEdkif&JU/ bmrS r[kwfwmvJ jzpfEdkifwmygyJ/

tJ'D uefvm;? yifv,fvm;? jrLESif;vm; bmrSef;rod&wJU [may:rSmrS

ausmufcsyf jym;awG &SdaeMuum tJ'Day:rSm wpfzefopfyiftkyfawG vGifharsmae

ovdk a&;xm;w,f/

aemufNyD; aEG&moD tyef;ajz&if; vmwnf;p&m oufi,frdk; 0g;wJuav;vJ

ygao;&JU/ NyD;awmhrS wHwm; wpfydkif;wpfpay:rSm ig;rQm;aewJU vlykHao;ao;uav;

wpfck/

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pum;vkH;awGeJU wpfqifho,faqmifay;aewm jzpfygw,f/

olUpum;vkH;awGu wpfqifh uRefawmfwkdU pm&Iol[m pdwfrsufpdxJrSm

yef;csD&Icif; udk jrifa,mifvmrdMuw,f/

txufem;u uAsmq&mudk,fwdkifu &Sif;jyxm;wJUtwdkif; olUuAsm&JU

vkyfief;u ESpfydkif;jzpfw,f/

yxrwpfydkif;u w&kwfyef;csDrSm azmfjyxm;wJU eD;a0;edrfhjrifhoabmukd

xyfqifh azmfjyygw,f/

awmifBuD;[m tmumoxJ vGifharsmae[ef? tjcm;awmif? awmif

qifajcavQm? awmifcsKdifhvQKdajrmifwkdUta0;rSm wu,fvdkvdk jrLESif;vdkvdk [dkvdkvdk

'Dvdkvdk xifrSwfrSm; &[efwkdUudk pum;vkH; yef;csDqGJjyxm;vdkufykHudk wu,fudk

uRefawmfwkdUrSm eD;a0;edrfhjrifh oabmudk aMumufcref;vdvd cHpm;vm&apw,f/

('guawmh ykyÜm;awmifvdkawmifjrifh jrifhBuD;awG wufzl;olwdkUrS pmemcHpm;

wwfEdkifrSm jzpfayw,f/)

tJ'Dvdk jyvdkufNyD;awmhrS 'kwd,ydkif;rSm awmawmifa&ajr (pMu0|m)txJrSm

vlom;[m ao;ao;auG;auG; jzpfoGm;&ykH/

bmrS igolwpfyg; a,mufsm; rdef;rtwå r[kwfordkU 0ifh<um;p&m?

vufraxmif aep&m r[kwfykHudk azmfusL;xm;ygw,f/

216

awmifjrifhBuD;? NyD;awmh awmiftvwfpm;? NyD;awmh awmifqifavQm?

NyD;awmh awmiftvwfpm;? NyD;awmh ausmufwkH;a&wHcGefwkdUuae awmifatmuf

ajc? tJ'DrSmrS wJuav;eJU vlao;ao;uav;/

yef;csDum;xJrSm vl&JUao;i,fykHudk ay:vGifatmif jyxm;w,f/

'gudkyJ uAsmq&muvJ pum;vkH;eJU xyfqifhazmfjyum olUuAsm&JU

ed*kH;csKyfydkif;rSm xnfhvdkufw,f/

uRefawmfwdkU uAsmzwfolrsm;&JU &ifxJrSm vl&JU ao;i,fykH? ork'´&m

urf;ajcu oJwpfyGifhomjzpfykH tawG;av;[m usef&pfygawmhw,f/

uAsmvdk jrefrmvdk csa&;MunfhMupdkU/

rdk;aemuf o&'NrdKif

tmumoxJ arsmvsuf?

awmif&JU AvmaumufaMumif;

cyfedrfhedrfh awmif&JU

ausmufa&wHcGef.... jzLazG;

ESif;ay:u jzLazG; tufaMumif;....

'DrSm xif;&sL;yifawGeJU awmif

qifajcavQm tcsKdU?

[dkrSm a&nSdwuf ausmufwkH;

a&wHcGef wpfck

toHrJUrJU NydKqif;oGm;

tjzLwpfckqDodkU

a&uefvm;

yifv,fvm;? ESif;vm;

bmrS r[kwfwmvm;/

217

'Dtay:rSm opfyiftkyf wpftkyf

ausmufaqmif jym;jym;awGay: arsmoGm;?

oufi,frdk; aEG&moDwJ wpfwJ?

vlao;ao;av; wpfa,muf

ig;rQm;ae

wHwm; wpf0uf

rQqDrSm/

*sdrf;Zf umhuyf

218

DAYBREAK

Birds drip from the trees.

The moon's little goal

over there on the hill;

dawn, as blue as her milk,

fills the sky's tin pail.

The air's so cold a gas station

glitters in an ice­cube.

The freeway hums like a pipe

when the water's on.

Streetlights turn off their dew.

The sun climbs down from a roof,

stops by a house and strikes

its long match on a wall,

takes out a ring of brass keys

and opens every door.

Bert Meyers

rdk;aomuf t&kPfusif;csdef

reuf t&kPfusif;wJU tcsdefqdkwm tifrwefvSywJUtcsdef jzpfovdk

aeUopf&JU b0c&D;udk pwif&awmhrSmrdkU usufoa&r*Fvm&SdwJU tcgor,vkdUvJ

,lqMuw,f/ ]oD&da*[mqdkwJU a&S;a[mif;oDcsif;wpfyk'fudk ]t&kPfi,fusif;vdkU

vif;MuufawGvJ wGefusL;wJUtcgqdkwJU tydk'fuav;eJUpxm;w,f/ wdkif;jynf

vGwfvyfa&; BudK;yrf;pOfu jrefrmawGtm;&yg;& oD[pfcJUMuwJU ]wdkUArm

oDcsif;xJrSmvJ ]ta&SUu ae0ef;xGufonfh yrmy &,fvdkU t&kPfwufcsdefudk

jrefrmwdkU wuf<ucsdefeJU EIdif;,SOfwifpm; a&;zGJUxm;w,f/ jrefrmwdkif; odaewJU

219

a&S;tusqkH;rkd;aomufcsdef tzGJUtEGJUuawmh arm&y&dwfxJu ]Oa'w,H

pu©Krmu&mZmqdkwJU bk&m;avmif;a'gif;rif;&JU wufvmqJaerif;BuD;udk &Sdcdk;

vdkufwJU *gxmaw;oHyJ jzpfygvdfrfhr,f/

aESmif;acwf jrefrmpmqdkwkdUvJ t&kPftaMumif;udk pyfzGJUMuwJU uAsmawG

trsm; tjym;yJ a&;zGJUMuygw,f/ 'gayr,fh t&kPfudk tm;rmefeJU ywfouf&mrSm-

taMumif;t&m wpfckudk ajym&if; vrf;BuKH&mrSm zGJUMuwmyJ rsm;vdrfhr,fxifw,f/

t&kPfoufoufudk zGJUwmawmh&Sm;r,f/ rdk;aomuft&kPf&JU &Icif;oufoufudk

MunfhjrifrSwfom;NyD; o&kyfazmfjywmrsKd; jrefrmuAsmrSm uRefawmfawmh rawGUzl;bl;/

tck rdk;aomuft&kPf&Icif; oufoufudk zGJUjyxm;wJU uAsmwpfyk'fudk

wifqufvdkw,f/ a&;olu acwfay: tar&duefuAsmq&m bmhwf rkdif;,mZf

jzpfygw,f/ olUuAsm udk zwfMunfh&atmif/ acgif;pOf Daybreak qdkwm dawn

eJU twlwlygyJ/ t&kPfudk ajymwm? rdk;aomufcsdefudkajymwmyg/

Birds drip from the trees opfyifawGay:u iSufawG a&wpfpufpuf

usaew,f/ opfyifay:rSm iSufawG &Sdaew,f/ iSufawGay: ESif;awGus? tJ'DESif;u

t&nf aysmfum wpfpufpufuswmudk ajymwmyg/

The moon's a little goat v[m qdwfuav;jzpfw,f/ qdwfuav;eJU

wlw,fvdkU ajym&rSmjzpfayr,fh &lyu tvuFmokH;NyD;qdwfuav; jzpfw,fvdkU

qdkxm; w,f/ 0gus rqkH;ao;/

over there on the hill tJ[dkawmifukef;av;ay:rSm (v[m tJ[dkawmif

ukef;av;ay:rSm qdwfuav;wpfaumif jzpfaew,f)

dawn, as blue as her milk ol&JU (qdwfuav;&JU) EdkU&nfvdk jymvJUwJU

t&kPf [m/

fills the sky's tin pail aumif;uif&JU oHjzLykH;xJrSm jynfhaeavaygh/

(t&kPfudk qdwfEdkU&nfeJU EIdif;w,f? aumif;uifudk EdkUykH;eJU EIdif;w,f/ aumif;uif

oHjzLykH;xJ t&kPf qdwfEdkU&nf jynfhaew,fvdkU &lyutvuFmeJU qdkxm;w,f)

220

aemuf 'kwd,tydk'f-

The air's so cold avu at;vGef;wJUtwGuf? ywf0ef;usifrSm avxk[m

at;pdrfh vGef;wJUtwGuf

a gas station "mwfqDqdkifav;wpfqdkif (tar&duef tokH;tEIef;

jzpfygw,f/ "mwfqDudk NAdwdefrSm petrol, tar&duefrSm gas ac:avawmh

"mwfqDqdkifudk tar&duefu gas station, NAdwdefrSm petrol station, filling

station, service station pojzifh ac:w,f/ garage vdkUvJ ac:ao;&JU/)

glitters ta&mifwzdwfzdwfvufaew,f

in an ice­cube a&cJwkH;uav;xJrSm (a&cJaowåmxJu cGufxJrSm

jzpfay:vmwJU a&cJwkH;rsKd;udk ice­cube ac:wmyg) ESpfyg'udk aygif;vdkufawmh

]avuat;pdrfhvGef;wJUtwGufaMumifh "mwfqDqdkifav;[m a&cJwkH;xJrSm vif;vuf

aew,fvdkU &r,f/ ESif;zwfawG vTrf;aewJU qdkifuav;udk zGJUxm;wmyg/

The free way armfawmfum;vrf;rBuD;[m ('gvJ tar&duef tokH;

tEIef;ygyJ? NAdwdefrSmawmh motorway yJokH;Muw,f/ c&D;a0;oGm;wJU

armfawmf,mOfrsm;twGuf azmufxm;wJU vrf;rBuD;rsm;udk qdkvdkw,f)

hums ysm;jrnfovdk w0D0Djrnfaew,f? vIyfvIyf&G&G jzpfaew,f

(0gusrqkH;ao;? qufzwf)

like a pipe when the water's on a&wifvdkufwJUtcg ydkufjrnfovdk?

vIyf&Gaeovdk (vrf;rBuD; toHjrnf? vIyf&Gaew,f)

the streetlights vrf;rD;awGu

turn off their dew qD;ESif;udk ydwfypfvdkufMuw,f/ (t*Fvdyfpum;rSm

a&udk? vQyfppfrD;udk? pufudkzGifh&if on udkokH;NyD; ydwf&if off udkokH;ygw,f/

txufrSm a&wifwJUtcg cvkwfzGifhwmudk on okH;cJUwmeJU qufpyfNyD; tck 0ff

udkokH;vdkufwm jzpfw,f/ wpfnvkH; ESif;awG usaew,f/ reufvif;awmh

221

tususJoGm;wmudkyJ ]vrf;rD;awGu qD;ESif;udk cvkwfydwfvdkufw,fvdkU a&;zGJUxm;

wm jzpfw,f)

wwd,tykd'f-

The sun climbs down from a roof ae[mtdrfacgifrdk; wpfckuae

qif;vm w,f/ (tdrfacgifrdk;atmufem;avmufrSm aeudkjrif&wmudkyJ ckvdk zGJUwm

jzpfygw,f)

stops by a house tdrfwpftdrfem;rSm &yfvdkufw,f/ (aeudk ajymaewmyJ

jzpfw,f)

and strikes its long match on a wall rD;jcpfqH t&SnfBuD;udk

eH&Hay:rSm jcpfvdkufw,f/ (uRefawmfwkdUqDrSm tom;rD;jcpfqHu rD;jcpfbl;

ab;rSmom jcpfvdkU&ayr,fh olwdkUqDu rD;jcpfqHawGuawmh zdeyfrSm? Murf;rSm?

b,frSmrqdkjcpfvdkU&w,f/ tckaeu eH&Hay: rD;jcpfqH&Snfudk jcpfvdkufw,fqdkwm

tdrfeH&Hay: aea&mifjzmcvmwmudk a&;zGJUwm jzpfw,f)

takes out a ring of brass keys aMu;0gaomh wpfwGJudk

xkwf,lvdkufw,f/ (ae0ef;BuD;u tvif;wef;awG jzmxGufaeykH[m aomhuGif;

uae aomhwHav;awG jzmxGufaeykHeJU wlygw,f)

and opens every door tdrfwHcg;wdkif;udk zGifhawmhw,f/ (tdrfay:

aea&mifjcnfjzmcawmh reufvif;NyDrdkU vlawGtdyf&muEdk;um udk,fhwHcg; udk,f

zGifhMuwmudkyJ aeu aomheJU vdkufzGifhay;av[ef wifpm;NyD; a&;zGJUxm;wm

jzpfygw,f)

t&kPfwuf? rdk;aomufx tcsdefudk zGJUxm;wJU uAsmwpfyk'fqdkayr,fh

&moDt& aqmif;&moD reufcif;udk zGJUxm;wmvJ jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifhat;wm?

ESif;uswmwdkUudk awGU&w,f/ aqmif;ayr,fhvJ aqmif;v,fawmh r[kwfbl;/

aqmif;ukefcgeD;avmufygyJ/ 'gaMumifhreufvif;w,fqdkwmeJU ESif;u yg;vmae

w,f/ vudk jrif&w,f/ aevJ apmapm xGufvmw,f/ opfyifay:u

222

iSufav;awG&JUudk,fay: zkH;vTrf;aecJUwJU ESif;zwfawGvJ aea&mifaMumifh

t&nfaysmfum wpfpufpuf usae&w,f/ v&JUta&mifeJU t&kPf&JU ta&mif

a&mum jymvJUvJUaumif;uifrSm jymESrf;ESrf;jzpfaew,f/ 'gudkyJ vudk awmif

ukef;ay:u qdwf? t&kPfudkqdwfEdkU&nf? aumif;uifudk EdkU&nfxnfhwJU

oHjzLykH;&,fvdkU zGJUvdkufw,f/

at;wmuawmh at;wkef;yJ/ ESif;zwfawGuvJuswkef;/ 'gaMumifh

"mwfqDqdkif uav;udk ESif;zwfjzLjzLazG;azG; vTrf;aewmu a&cJwkH;uav;eJU

wlao;awmhw,f/ "mwfqDqdkifrSm xGef;xm;wJU tvif;ua&cJwkH;xJuae

vif;wvufvuf jzpfaew,f/ "mwfqDqdkif[m armfawmfum;vrf;rBuD;&JU

eHab;rSm aqmufxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ c&D;a0;ajy;wJU armfawmf,mOfrsm;

vdkwJUtcg qDjznfhEdkifatmif vrf;rBuD;wpfavQmuf aqmufxm;wJU qdkifuav;awG

xJu wpfqdkifygyJ/ t&kPfusif;vmNyDqdkawmh vrf;rBuD;vJ um;awG wpfpD;NyD;

wpfpD;pwifajy;vmMuNyDrdkU touf0ifvIyf&Sm;vmygawmhw,f/ aeUv,f aeUcif;

avmuf rpnfwwfao;ayr,fh toHAvHawG nHpDpjyKvmaeygNyD/ 'gudk tdrfrsm;rSm

a&wifwJUtcg a&ydkufrsm;vIyf&GvmNyD; wpDDpDjrnfp jyKvmwmeJU EIdif;xm;ygw,f/

nwkef;uawmh vrf;rD;wdkifawGrSmvJ ESif;zwfawG oJoJrJrJusordkU

0dk;w0g;om vif;EdkifcJUMuw,f/ rdk;vJvif;vma&m ESif;zwfuae yg;yg;vmvdkufwm

qD;ESif;puftqifhyJ &Sdawmhw,f/ 'gav;awGudkyJ rD;wdkifwkdUu cvkwfydwf ypfvdkuf

MujyefowJU/ rD;wdkif;0ef;usifrSm ESif;zGJawmif aumif;aumif;rusefawmhbJ

Munfvif vif;vufoGm;wmudk ajymaewm jzpfygw,f/

ae[m qD;ESif;jrLwdrfwkdUudk wdkufxkwfvTifhypfvdkufw,fqdkwm ygVdusrf;*ef

rsm;rSm zGJUavh&SdwJU tzGJUwpfckyg/ tckvJ aexGufvmawmh qD;ESif;wkdU jy,f&NyDaygh/

ae[m edrfhedrfhyJ&Sdygao;w,f/ tdrfacgifrdk;&JUatmufem;avmufrSm jzpfw,f/

&kwfw&uf Munfhvdkuf&if tdrfacgifrdk;ay:u qif;vmovdkyJ/ ae[m tdrfwpftdrf&JU

ab;em;rSm cPwefUem; vdkufw,f/ eH&Hay:udk olUtvif;wef;wpfwef;

jzmoGm;apw,f/ 'gudkeH&Hay: rD;jcpfqH&Snf BuD; jcpfqGJvdkufw,fvdkU a&;ygw,f/

tvif;wef;awG ydkrdkjzmxGufvmw,f/ 'gudk aMu;0g aomhacsmif;awGudk

223

uGif;rSmoDcsdwfxm;wmeJU cdkif;EIdif; &lyu jyKvdkufw,f/ ae aumif;

aumif;xGufvmNyDqdkawmh vlawGvJ tvQKdvQKdeJU tdyf&muxMu? tdrfwHcg;

qdkifwHcg; zGifhMuygNyD/ 'gudkyJ aeu aMu;0gaomheJU tdrfwHcg;awGvdkufzGifhw,fvdkU

a&;ygw,f/

uAsmudk a&;zGJUxm;wmrSm &lyutvuFmudk vIdifvIdifokH;xm;w,fvdkU

qdk&ayvdrfh r,f/ 'gxufta&;BuD;wmuawmh tawG;av;awG wpfckeJUwpfck

qufEG,foGm;ykHygyJ/ uAsmudk aus;iSufqdkwJU t[dwfwd&pämefeJU pvdkufawmh

vudkvJ t[dwfwd&pämefqdwfvdkU yJjrifoGm;awmhw,f/ qdwfqdkawmh qdwfEdkU?

EdkUykef;/ at;w,fqdkawmh a&cJ? a&? ydkufxJu a&? ydkufacgif;udkydwf? ponfjzifh

pojzifh ...../

tckuAsmudk jrefrmvdk tptqkH; uAsmpyfMunfh&atmif/

rdk;aomuf

iSufwkdU opfyifxufu a& wpufpuf/

v [m [dk; awmifukef;ay:u

qdwfuav; wpfaumifrQ/

olU EdkU&nfvdk jymvJUvJU? t&kPf[m

aumif;uif&JU oHjzLykH;udk jznfhNyD/

av at;vGef;vdkU "mwfqDqdkif

a&cJwkH;xJrSm wvif;vufvuf/

a& vTwfxm;wJU tcg

ydkufvdk um;vrf;BuD; vIyfjrnfcJU/

vrf;rD;wkdU qD;ESif;pufudk ydwfNyD/

224

ae acgifrdk;ay:uae qif;vdkUvm?

tdrfem;rSm &yf? eH&Hay:

olU rD;jcpfqH&Snfudk jcpf?

aMu;0gaomhwGJwpfwGJudk xkwf

wHcg;wdkif;udk zGifhaygh/

bmhwf rdkif;,m;Zf

225

THE PEBBLE

The pebble

is a perfect creature

equal to itself

mindful of its limits

filled exactly

with a pebbly meaning

with a secret which does not remind one of anything

does not frighten anything away does not arouse desire

its ardour and coldness

are just and full of dignity

I feel a heavy remorse

when I hold it in my hand

and its noble body

is permeated by false warmth

Pebbles cannot be tamed

in the end they will look at us

with a calm and very clear eye

Zbigniew Herbert

ausmufp&pfcJuav;&JU *kPf

ausmufp&pfcJqdkwmbmrS wefzdk;r&SdwJU t&mayyJ/ b,folurS ta&;w,l

Munfhrd? avhvmrdMur,f r[kwfaybl;/ uav;rsm;awmhjzifh Z,fawmuf&mrSm

226

tokH;jyKMuvdrfhr,f/ iSufypf&mrSm tokH;jyKMur,f/ vlBuD;wcsKdUvJ yef;tdk;xJ

tvSpDxnfhaumif; xnfhMur,f/ 'gygyJ/ b,folrS ausmufp&pfcJav;udk

udkifMunfhNyD; wav;wpm; avhvm okH;oyfqifjcifMunfhMuvdrfhr,f r[kwfacsbl;/

uAsmq&m ZApf*nL; [m;Awf(ydkvefjynf)uawmh ausmufp&pfcJuav;

wpfcJudk udkifMunfhNyD; okH;oyfqifjcif Munfhzl;ygw,f/ tJovdk ausmufp&pfcJ

uav;eJU awGUBuKHrd&mu olqifjcifrd? aumufcsufcsrdwmudkvJ uAsmwpfyk'f

a&;zGJUvdkufygw,f/ olqifjcifovdk aumufcsufcsrdovdk qifjcifrdygap/ MunfhMu

&atmif/ t*Fvdyfbmomjyefudk zwfMunfhMu r,f/

The pebble is a perfect creature ausmufp&pfcJ[m NyD;jynfhpkHwJU

zefqif;csuf (vuf&m) wpfckygyJ/ pMu0VmteEårSm &Sd&SdorQt&mwdkU[m c&pf,mef

t,lt& xm0&bk&m;ocif&JU zefqif;csuf? odyÜHorm;wdkUtzdkU obm0w&m;&JU

zefqif;csuf csnfhygyJ/ zefqif;csufqdk&mrSm ouf&Sda&m? oufrJUa&m yg0ifw,f/

equal to itself oludk,fwdkifeJUyJ nDrQw,f/ ol[m b,foleJUrSrwlbl;/

oleJU wlwm olyJ&Sdw,f/

mindful of its limits olU&JUuefUowfcsufrsm;udk owd&Sdw,f/

t&m&mwdkif;rSm udk,fpGrf;Edkifwm? rpGrf;Edkifwm&,fvdkU &Sdwmcsnf;yJ/ 'gudk

uefUowfcsufvdkU ac:ygw,f/ udk,fhuefUowfcsufudk udk,fodem;vnf&w,f/ 'gudk

ausmufp&pfcJu odygowJU/

filled exactly with a pebbly meaning olUrSm ausmufp&pfcJt"dyÜm,f

twdtus jynfhaeygowJU/ t&m&mwdkif;rSm t"dyÜm,fudk,fpD &SdMuw,f/ vlrSm

vlUt"dyÜm,f ausmufp&pfcJrSm ausmufp&pfcJ t"dyÜm,f/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh ta&;

ygrI? b0 &nf&G,fcsuf pojzifh ajymEdkifygao;w,f/

with a secret which does not remind one of anything

b,ft&mudkrS owd&p&m r[kwfwJU vQKdU0SufcsufeJU? b,ft&meJUrS qifwl,dk;rSm;

jzpfp&m r&SdwJU vQKdU0SufcsufeJU jynfhpkHaew,f/ (tJovdk vQKdU0Sufcsuf&Sdw,f/)

227

does not arouse desire vdkcsifavmbudk vIHUaqmfay;rSm r[kwfwJU

(vQKdU0Sufcsuf&Sdw,f)? pdefwkdU ywåjrm;wdkUrSm avmbudk vIHUaqmfEdkifpGrf;&Sdw,f/

ausmufp&pfcJrSm tJovdk vIHUaqmfEdkifpGrf;r&Sdbl;/

its ardour and coldness olU&JUxufoefrI? at;pufrIwdkU[m

(ausmufp&pfcJ rSmvJ wpfckck aqmif&GufvdkwJU pdwftm;xufoefrI&SdwmygyJ?

vkyfray;csifwJU at;pufrIvJ &SdwmygyJ/)

are just and full of dignity w&m;rQww,f? *kPfodu©mjynfh0w,f/

(ausmufp&pfcJ&JU xufoefrI? at;pufrIwdkU[m w&m;w,f? *kPfodu©m

jynfh0w,f/)

I feel a heavy remorse ig av;vHwJU aemifwudk cHpm;&w,f?

tvGeftrif; aemifw ylyefrdw,f/ (b,ftcgrSmvJ? 0gusrqkH;ao;? qufzwf)

when I hold it in my hand olUudk ighvufxJ udkifxm;rdwJU tcg

(ausmufp&pf cJav;udk udkifxm;&if; ighrSmaemifwylyefjcif; jzpfrdw,f/)

and its noble body olU&JU jrifhjrwfwJU udk,fum,[m

is permeated by false warmth rrSefuefwJU taEG;"mwf

vTrf;oGm;awmhw,f/ (vlom;uAsmq&mu ausmufp&pfcJav;udk udkifxm;ordkU

vlUudk,faiGU taEG;"mwf[m ausmufp&pfcJudk vTrf;oGm;w,f/ ausmufp&pfcJ&JU

e*dkrlvu tat;yg/ vluudkifxm;vdkU cPaEG;oGm;wmjzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh

'DtaEG;udk ]rrSefuefwJU taEG;vdkUqdkw,f/ wpfenf; vl[m opömr&Sdbl;?

[efaqmifwwfw,f/ 'gaMumifhvJ vlUqDu&wJU taEG;udk ]rrSefuef wJU

taEG;vdkU zGJUwmvdkU rSwf,lEdkifw,f/)

Pebbles cannot be tamed ausmufp&pfcJrsm;udk ,Ofaus;atmif

vkyfvdkUr&yg/ wd&pämefrsm;udkvlu ,Ofaus;atmifvkyfovdk ausmufp&pfcJudk

vkyfvdkUr& bl;/

to the end they will look at us tqkH;wdkif olwkdU[m usKyfwdkUudk

MunfhMuvdrfhr,f/ (b,fvdkMunfhrSmvJ? qufzwf/ 0gusu rqkH;ao;/)

228

with a calm and very clear eye NidrfqdwfwJU tvGefMunfvif

wJUrsufvkH;eJU (usKyfwdkUudk MunfhMuvdrfhr,f/) (ausmufp&pfcJwdkU[m tqkH;

wpfaeUwdkif usKyfwdkUudk NidrfqdwfwJU? tvGefMunfvifwJU rsufvkH;eJU

MunfhMuvdrfhr,f/)

r&ihfusufwJU uAsmq&m aygufpwpfOD;udkom ausmufp&pfcJtaMumif;

uAsmzGJU prf;ygqdk&if olbma&;rvJ/ rif;uawmh pdefcJ? jrcJ? ighrSmawmh

tzdk;rwefwJU vrf;ab;u ausmufcJvdkU a&;csifvJ a&;r,f/ avmuBuD;rSm

ouf&SdoufrJU b,ft&mrqdk vSygw,f/ pdefwkdU? ywåjrm;wdkU vSovdk

ausmufp&pfcJav;vJ vSayom;yJvdkU a&;csifvJa&;vdrfhr,f/ cyfayghaygh tay:,Hu

&SyfNyD;awG;r,f? Mum;zl;em;0uav;awGudkl oHa,mifvdkufum a&;csvdkufr,f?

'gyJaygh/ 'grsKd;udk wdrfw,f/ euf&Idif;rI (depth) r&Sdbl;vdkU qdk&wmygyJ/

av;av;eufeufqifjcif awG;awmw,f? euf&Idif;rI&Sdw,fqdkwm tck 'DuAsmrSm

ZApf*nL;[m;Awf awG;jyxm;wmrsKd;jzpfw,f/ olrsm;awG awG;NyD;om;tawG;awG?

zefw&mawaeNyDjzpfwJU 'óeawG wpfckrS rygbl;/ opfopfvGifvGif tawG;?

eufeuf &Idif;&Idif;qifjcifrIudk vG,fuloefUpifwJU pum;vkH;eJU azmfusL;xm;wmudk

awGU&vdrfhr,f/

uAsmq&m[m ausmufp&pfcJav; wpfcJudk vufay:wifNyD; awG;aew,f/

ausmufp&pfcJav;[m NyD;jynfhpkHwJU zefqif;csufuav;jzpfw,f/ oleJUwlwm

olyJ&Sdw,f/ olUrSm pGrf;Edkifwm rpGrf;Edkifwm&Sdw,f/ olUuefUowfcsufudk olowd

&Sdw,f/ olUrSm ausmuf p&pfcJtESpfom&? ausmufp&pfcJt"dyÜm,fyJ twdtus

&Sdw,f/ tydktvdkr&Sdbl;/ olUudk MunfhNyD; pdefwdkU? ywåjrm;wdkU pwJU b,ft&meJUrS

,SOfp&mrvdkbl;/ b,ft&mudkrS owd&p&m r&Sdbl;/ ol[m b,folUudkrS

aMumufvefUxGufajy;aprSm r[kwfovdk b,folU udkrSvJ vdkcsifwyfrufpdwf

jzpfay:vmatmif qGJaqmifEdkifvdrfhr,f r[kwfacsbll;/ olU&JU pdwftm;xufoefrI?

olU&JU at;pufrIwdkU[m w&m;enf;vrf;usw,f? *kPfodu©meJU jynfhpkH w,f/

olUudkvufay:wifxm;&if; uAsmq&mrSm aemifwylyefjcif; cHpm;&rdawmhw,f/

ig[molUvdkrusifhEdkifygvm;vdkU awG;rdNyD; aemifw&rdwmeJUwlyg&JU/ uAsmq&m&JU

229

vufu taEG;"mwf[m ausmufp&pfcJuav;udk vTrf;xkH&pfywfoGm;w,f/ 'DtaEG;

[mwu,fh taEG;r[kwf? acwåcPtaEG;? rrSefuefwJU taEG;rQyguvm;/

ausmufp&pfcJuav;&JU jrifhjrwfwJU udk,fum,udk olU&JU azmufjyefwJU taEG;u

&pfywfaewmygvm;/ 'gudk0rf; enf;rd? aemifw&rdwmvJ jzpfEdkifw,f/ NyD;awmh

aumufcsufcsvdkufw,f/ ausmufp&pf cJrsm;[m tjcm;wd&dpämefrsm;? oufrJUt&m

rsm;udkvl u,Ofaus;atmif jyKjyifovdk jyKjyif vdkUr&yguvm;/ olwdkU[m

tqkH;wpfaeUtxd cyfwnfwnfat;at;wnfNidrf? &Sif;vif; jywfom;wJU

tMunfheJU igwkdUvlawGudk qufvufMunfhaeMuawmhrSmyJwJU/

rl&if;uAsmudk um&efryg? rMwmrokH;? vGwfvyfuAsmeJU a&;zGJUxm;wm

jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh pum;vkH;awGudk wdkwefwmwdk? &Snfwefwm &Snfapum

yg'cGJxm;wJUtwGuf tav;teuf qifjcifawG;awm[ef jznf;aES;wJU &pforfudk

jzpfay:apw,f/ olUtwdkif; wwfEdkiforQ jzpfatmif jrefrmvdk BudK;pm;MunfhMur,f/

ausmufp&pfcJ

ausmufp&pfcJ[m

jynfhpkHwJU zefwD;csuf

oleJU olyJ nDwlw,f

rdrd uefUowfcsufudk odw,f

ausmufp&pfcJ t"dyÜm,f

twdtus jynfhaew,f

bmudkrS owdr&apwJU vQKdU0Sufcsuf

bmudkrS vefUrajy;ap avmbudk rvIHUaqmf

230

olUxufoefrI at;pufrI

w&m;w,f *kPfodu©m&Sdw,f

olUudk igh vufxJ wif&if;

aemifwav;vH ig cHpm;rd

olUjrifhjrwfwJU udk,frSm

azmufjyef taEG;"mwf ysHUoGm;

ausmufp&pfcJrsm;udk ,Ofatmif rvkyfEdkif

tqkH;wdkif igwkdUudk MunfhoGm;vdrfh

Nidrfqdwf tvGefMunfwJU rsufvkH;eJU

ZApf*nL; [m;Awf

231

THE WINDS

Flowing edge to edge

their clear edges meeting­

the winds of this northern March­

blow the bark from the trees

the soil from the field

the hair from the heads of

girls, the shirts from the backs

of the men, roofs from the

houses, the cross from the

church, clouds from the sky

the fur from the faces of

wild animals, crusts

from scabby eyes, scales from

the mind and husbands from wives.

Wiliam Carlos Williams

avrsm;

wu,fuawmh 'DuAsm[m 0guswpfaMumif;wnf;eJU oDzGJUxm;wmjzpfw,f/

uwåm;u the winds? Bud,mu blow. 'gygyJ/ avuwdkufvTifhypfw,faygh/ tJ-

avu wdkufvTifhypfvdkufwJU ypönf;awG (o'gt& uHyk'fawG) trsm;BuD;

wef;pDjyxm;vdkU 0gust&SnfBuD; jzpfaewmyg/ 'gudkyxrqkH; em;vnfxm;vQif

olUt"dyÜm,fudk em;vnfzdkU vG,fNyD/ tck wpfyg'csif; MunfhMu&atmif/

flowing edge to edge tpGef;(wpfck)uae tpGef;(wpfck)pD;qif;vsufwJU-

their clear edges meeting olwkdU&JU &Sif;vif;wJU tpGef;awG

qkHMuvsufwJU-

232

bmawG&JU tpGef;awGvJ/ 'gudk odzdkUtwGuf wwd,yg'udk qufzwf&

vdrfhr,f/

the winds of this northern March 'Dajrmufydkif; rwfv&JUavrsm;

....wJU/

'DawmhtpGef;wpfcku tpGef;wpfckqD pD;qif;aeMuw,f/ tpGef;csif;

qkHMuw,fqdkwm avudkajymaewmvdkU em;vnfMu&w,f/ avrSm tpGef;&Sdw,f

qdkawmh qef;oGm;rSm aygh/ avqdkwmrjrif&ayr,fh &kyfj'yfawmh&Sdw,f r[kwfvm;/

&kyfj'yfqdkvQif tpGef;vJ&Sd& rSmy/ udk,fhudk avvmNyD; xdcyfw,fqdkwm av&JU

tpGef;uxdcyfwmyg/ a&pD;qif;ovdk tmumoxJrSm avtpdkiftcJawG pD;qif;

aewmudk jrifa,mifMunfhEdkifygvdrfhr,f/ avpdkifwpfck&JU tpGef;&JUaemuf avpdkif

wpfck&JU tpGef;wdkUxdrdMuwmudkvJ jrifa,mifygvdrfh r,f/

blow the bark from the trees tyifawGqDu tacgufudk wdkufcwfypf

w,f? tyifawGuae tacguf uGmusatmif wdkufvTifhypfw,fwJU/ wdkufvTifhypf

wm av qdkwmudkawmh txufrSm axmufjycJUNyD/

the soil from the field v,fuGif;qDu ajrBuD;udk....wJU/

'DupNyD;yk'fpkwdkif;rSm ]wdkufvTifhypfw,fqdkwJU Bud,mudk xnfhNyD; zwfyg/

v,fuGif;qDu ajrBuD;udk wdkufypf w,faygh/

the hair from the heads of girls aumifrav;awG&JU acgif;uae

qHyifudk (vGifhoGm;atmif)wdkufypfw,fwJU..../

the shirts from the backs of the men a,mufsm;awG&JU ausmay:

uae &SyftusøawGudk (wdkufvTifhypfw,f)wJU/

roofs from the houses tdrfawGuae acgif;rdk;awGudk (wdkufvTifhypf

w,f)wJU/

the cross from the church bk&m;&Sdckd;ausmif;uae vuf0g;uyfwdkifudk

(wdkufvTifhypfw,f)wJU.../

233

clouds from the sky aumif;uifuae wdrfawGudk (wdkufvGifhypf

w,f)wJU/

the fur from the faces of wild animals awm&dkif;wd&pämefawG&JU

rsufESmu tarT;awGudk (wdkufvTifhypfw,f)wJU/ 'Dae&mrSm awm&dkif;wd&pämefawG&JU

udk,fay:uvdkU rajymbJ rsufESmuvdkU ajymwmudk owdjyKygav/ avwdkufvQif

wd&pämefu rsufESmeJU &ifqdkif&rSmudk;/ rsufESmu tarG;awGyJ uRwfxGufrSmaygh/

uAsmq&m&JU tao;pdwfxd wdusykHudk jyaew,f/

crusts from scabby eyes taz;wufrsufvkH;u temaz;awGudk

(wdkufvGifh ypfw,f)wJU/

scales from the mind pdwfuae temaz;zwfawGudk (wdkufvGifhypf

w,f)wJU/

'DrSmav;eufvmygNyD/ rsufpdtem;u temaz;awGudk avuwdkufvGifhypfwm

&Sif;w,f? &dk;&dk;avyJ/ 'geJUqufvsuf ]]pdwfu temaz;awGudkvdkU qdkvdkufawmh

uRefawmf wdkU pOfpm;&NyD/ rsufpdemawmh rsufacs;awG yGpdwufvmovdk pdwfrSmvJ

tema&m*g&aeNyD rdkU temaz;awG wufaeyguvm;vdkU odvm&w,f/

'DrSm t*Fvdyfpum;rSm tD'D,rf tokH;&Sdwmu ]]olUrsufvkH;u taz;awG

uGmusNyD qdkwm oltrSefudk jrifwwfvmNyDvdkU qdkvdkw,f/ ]]olUrsufvkH;u

taz;awG z,f&Sm;w,f qdkwmuvnf; olUudk tjrifrSef&vmapw,fvdkU

t"dyÜm,f&w,f/ 'gaMumifh rsufvkH;u temaz;awGudk uGmusatmif wdkufcwfwJU

av[m &dk;&dk;avrS [kwfuJUvm;vdkU qifjcifvm&w,f/ tajctaerSefudk oabm

aygufvmapatmif vIyf&Sm;wuf<uvmwJU tjzpf tysuftaMumif;tcsufwpfckck

jzpfrSmyJvdkU awG;rdvm&w,f/ qufzwfvdkufawmhvJ....

and husbands from wives r,m;awGqDu vifawGudk

(wdkufvGifhypfw,f)wJU/ vifr,m; uGJukefMu&NyDaygh/ txufyg'u qdkcJUwmawGeJU

qufpyfvdkufvQif tjzpftysuf wpfck? tajctaewpf&yf ay:aygufvmw,f/

tJovdkjzpfvmvdkU rsufvkH;utemaz;awG? pdwfutemaz;awG uGmusukefw,f?

tajctaerSefudk odvm&w,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm vifeJU r,m; uGJMu&awmhwmyJ/

234

'DtajctaersKd;rSm 'DvifeJU 'Dvifr,m; qufaygif;vdkUr&awmh NyDqdkwm od&vdkU

wrifoufouf uGJMuovm;/ rvJTomra&Smifom uGJMu&ovm;qdkwm awmh

twdtusrod&bl;/

uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk NcKHMunhfvdkufawmh avtjyif;txef wdkufcwfaew,f/

avaMumifh opfyifu opfacgufuGm? v,fuGif;xJu ajrawG vGifhpOf?

aumifrav;awG acgif;uqHyifvGifh? a,mufsm;awGausmu tusøawG uRwf?

tdrfu acgif;rdk;jyKwfxGuf? bk&m;ausmif;u vuf0g;uyfwdkifjyKwf? rdk;ay:u

wdrfawGvGifh? awmaumifrsufESmu tarG;uRwf? rsufpdu temaz;awGvGifh?

pdwfu temzwfawG vGifhuGm? r,m;qDu vif vGifhpOf jzpfukefMu&w,fwJU/

awmaumifrsufESmu tarG;uRwfwJUtxd qdkvQifawmh av&dk;&d;yJvdkU qdkEdkifw,f/

aemufqkH;em;rSm qdkxm;wmav;awGaMumifh omrefav r[kwf bl;vdkU

odMu&w,f/ 'gjzifh bmvJ/ tajctaewpf&yf/ tjzpftysuf wpfckvdkUqdkcJUygNyD/

b,fvdktajctaevJ? b,fvdktjzpftysufvJqdkwmuawmh udk,foef&moef&m

jznfhpGuf pOf;pm;MunfhMuygukef? uAsmzwf&wJU t&omqdkwm tJovdk

awG;uGufuav;awG ay;xm;wJUtwGuf wNrKHUNrKUH awG;&awm&jcif;?

pdwftvkyfvkyf&jcif;vJ taMumif; wpfaMumif;yg0ifygaMumif;/

avawG

wpfpGef;uae wpfpGef; pD;qif;

jywfom; tpGef;awG qkHawGU-

'Dajrmufydkif; rwfv&JU avawG-

wdkufypfaygh tyifawGuae tacgufawG

v,fuGif;uae ajrBuD;

aumifrav;awG&JU acgif;uae

qHyif? a,mufsm;awG&JU ausmuae

&SyftusøawG? tdrfawGuae

235

trdk;wG? bk&m;ausmif;uae

vuf0g;uyfwdkif? aumif;uifuae wdrfawG

awm&dkif;wd&pämefrsm;&JU rsufESmrsm;uae

tarG;? taz;wuf

rsufvkH;rsm;uae taz;awG? pdwfuae

temaz;awG ZeD;onfawGqDuae vifawGudk/

0DvsH um;avmhpf 0DvsHZf

236

TO SOME BUILDERS OF CITIES

You have thrust Nature out, to make

A wilderness were nothing grows

But forests of unbudding stone

(The sparrow's lonely for his boughs);

You fling up citadels to stay

The soft invasion of the rose.

But though you put the Earth in thrall

And ransack all her fragrant dowers,

Her old accomplice, Heaven, will plot

To take with stars your roofs and towerls;

And neither stone nor steel can foil

That ambuscade of midnight flowers.

Stanley Snaith

NrdKUwnfaqmufoltcsKdUodkU

uAsmacgif;pOfu ]]to Some Builders of Cities NrdKUwnfaqmufol

tcsKdUodkU-wJU/

uAsmudk a&S;&dk;rMwmpepft& zGJUpnf;xm;w,f/ wpfyg'rSm tu©&m&SpfvkH;?

ESpfvkH; £,rÁwpf*dkPf;qdkawmh wpfyg'rSm av;*dkPf;aygh/ (v=v[k? *=*&k)

You have/thrust Na­/ture out/to make

v * v * v * v *

'gayr,fh 'kwd,tydk'fudkMunfhvQif 'kwd,? wwd,eJU pwkw¦yg'wkdUrSm

tu©&m 9vkH;pD ygaewmudk awGU&r,f/ *dkPf;uawmh wpfyg'rSm av;*dkPf;ygyJ/

And ran/sack all/her frag/rant flow/ers

Her old/accom/plice Hea/ven will/plot

To take/with stars/your roofs/and tow/ers

237

wpfydk'frSm yg'ajcmufckygw,f/ 'kwd,? pwkw¦? qXryg'rsm;

um&ef,lxm;w,f/ oauFweJU jy&vQif abcbdb aygh/ uAsmzGJUpnf;ykHua&S;&dk;

rMwmpepf jzpfwJUtjyif pum;vkH;tokH;tEIef;udku ayg&mPawG (citadels,

thrall, dowers ambuscade) jzpfaew,f/ acwfopfrSma&;wm jzpfvsufeJU

bmaMumifh a&S;&dk;ykHpHeJU pum;udk okH;&ovJ/ uAsmudk zwfMunfhvdkufvQif

olajymaewmu acwfopf&JU aqmufvkyfa&;udk rESpfNrdKUwm jzpfaMumif; awGU&vdrfh

r,f/ 'DawmhtaMumif;t&meJU vdkufavsmnDaxGatmif pm[efudk wrifa&S;qefxm;

w,fvdkUqdk&r,f/

uJ-olUuAsmpmom;udk zwfMu&atmif/

You have thrust Nature out cifAsm;wkdU[m obm0w&m; (a&ajr

awmawmif)udk wGef;xkwfcJUNyD-wJU/ acgif;pOfu ]NrdKUwnfaqmufolrsm;okdU vdkU

wyfxm; avawmh You ]cifAsm;wdkU qdkwmacwfopfNrdKUjy wnfaxmifolrsm;udk

ajymwmvdkU em;vnfEdkifw,f/

to make a wilderness where nothing grows bmrSraygufa&mufwJU

uEåm&awmBuD;vkyfzdkUwJU/

But forests of unbudding stone rzl;yGifhwJU ausmufwkH;awmrsm;rS

wpfyg;-wJU/ jrefrmvdk ydkif;jyefjyaeawmh tquftpyfaysmufoGm;Edkifw,f/

yxryg'uae tck wwd,yg' txdrS 0gusu wpfaMumif;wnf;jzpfw,f/

]ryGifhrzl;wJU ausmufwkH;awm rsm;rSwpfyg; bmrSraygufa&mufwJU uEåm&BuD;

jyKvkyfzkdU cifAsm;wkdU[m obm0w&m;udk wGef;xkwfcJUNyDvdkU qufNyD;zwfEdkif&r,f/

]ryGifhrzl;wJU ausmufwkH;qdkwm tifrwefxdrdwJU edrdwfykHwpfckjzpfw,f/ yGifhzl;

a0qmwJU opfyifyef;ref&JUae&mrSm a&mufvmwJU wdkufwm tdrfajcudk ajymwmaygh/

'Dawmh olrsm;awGajymaeus ]uGefu&dawm (concrete jungle) xuf

omoGm;w,f/

238

The sparrow's lonely for his boughs opfudkif;awG (r&SdawmhvdkU)

pmuav; aqG;&NyD-wJU/ opfyifr&Sdawmh pmuav;em;p&mtodkuf r&Sdawmh

bl;av/

You fling up citadels cifAsm;wkdUu &JwdkufawG vGifhxlcJUMuw,f/

&Jwdkufqdkwm ayg&mPpum;eJU uaeUacwf wdkufwmawGudkajymwmyg/

to stay the soft invasion of the rose ESif;qD&JU aysmhaysmif;wJU

usL;ausmfrIudk [efUwm;zkdU...wJU/ 'gudkvnf; txufyg'eJU qufpyfvdkufrS

]ESif;qD&JU aysmhaysmif;wJU usL;ausmfrIudk [efUwm;zdkU cifAsm;wdkU[m &JwdkufawG

vTifhxlcJUMuw,fvdkU wpf0gus&r,f/ cifAsm;wkdU wdkufawG wnfvdkufMuwm

ESif;qDyef;yif raygufa&mufEdkifawmhbl;vdkU ajymwmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh edrdwfykHav;awG

vSyvdkufykH t&omudk wpdrfhpdrfh cHpm;Munfhoifhw,f/ ]aysmhaysmif;wJU

usL;ausmfrIwJU/ ESif;qDyef;av;[m aysmhaysmh aysmif; aysmif; EGJUEGJUaESmif;aESmif;eJU

vlUavmurS tvSqifvm&SmwmudkyJ rvdkwrmeJU usL;ausmfrI &,fvdkU

ac:vdkufwm? yef;uav; tvSqifcGifh r&awmhwmudk u&kPma'gaomeJU

ajymvdkufykH[mjzifh wmoGm;ygbdawmhw,f/

But though you put the Earth in thrall 'gayr,fh cifAsm;wdkUu

urÇmajrudk uRefjyKum.....

And ransack all her fragrant dowers olU&JUarT;ysHUysHU

vufaqmifypönf;awG (yef;refawG)udk vk,lcJUMuayr,fvdkU

Her old accomplice, Heaven olU&JU BuH&myga[mif;

aumif;uif[m....

will plot to take with stars your roofs and towers cifAsm; wkdU&JU

wdkufacgifrdk;awG? arQmfpifawGudk odrf;ydkufzkdU Mu,fawGeJU BuHpnfygvdrfhr,f

....wJU/

239

aumif;uifudk ajrBuD;&JU ]BuH&myga[mif;vdkU ajymvdkufykHuav;ludk t&om

cHMunfh ygav/ rdk;eJUajrqdkwm urÇmay:OD;uwnf;u twljzpfwnfcJUMuwm

r[kwfvm;/ 'Dawmh aumif;uif[majrBuD;&JU &Jabmfa[mif;BuD;aygh/ tck urÇmajr

uRefjyKcHae&awmh (yef;awG ryGifh&? tyifawG rayguf& jzpfaeavawmh)

olU&JabmfBuD;aumif;uifu rcHbl;? Mu,fawGudk ppfulawmif;um wdkufwmawGudk

0ifcsMuawmhr,f.....wJU/

And neither stone nor steel b,fausmufwkH; b,foHrPdrS (wdkuf

wnfxm;wJUausmufeJU oHrPd)....

can foil that ambuscade of midnght flowers oef;acgif,Hyef;wkdU

(Mu,frsm;)&JU tJovdk &kwfw&uf0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufMuwmudk ysufjym;atmif

ckcHEdkifvdrfhr,f r[kwfbl;-wJU/ ausmufom; wdkufBuD;awG? oHrPdwdkufBuD;awGay:

Mu,fawG xGef;y vTrf;rdk;vmrSmudkawmh z,f&Sm;Edkifvdrfhr,f r[kwfygbl;vdkU

qdkvkdw,f/tck uAsmwpfyk'fvkH;udk wef;a&;Munfh&atmif/

cifAsm;wdkU obm0udk wGef;xkwfum

rzl;a0 ausmufawmawGu vGJvdkU

bmrS raygufwJU uEåm& vkyfcJUNyD/

(opfudkif;rJU pmuav; aqG;aygh)/

cifAsm;wdkU &JwdkufawG vTifhxlum

ESif;qD&JU nHUEk usL;ausmfrI wefUaygh/

cifAsm;wdkU urÇmajrudk uRefjyKum

arT;&eHU b@mawG vkcJUMuayr,fh?

olUrdwfaqGa[mif;aumif;uifu Mu,fawGeJU

cifAsm;wkdU acgifrdk;? arQmfpifwkdUudk odrf;vdrfh/

oefacgif;yef;wkdU 0ifwdkufwmudk

b,fausmuf b,foHrPd wm;Edkifvdrfh/

240

20 &mpkukefawmhr,fh uaeUacwfrSm 0ef;usifnpfnrf;rI umuG,fa&;?

obm0a& ajrawmawmiftvS xdef;odrf;a&;qdkwm urÇm vlom;xkBuD; wpf&yf

vkH;tzdkU ta&;tBuD;qkH; wm0ef0wå&m;BuD; jzpfvmaeygNyD/ wwd,urÇmppf

wm;qD;a&;xufyJ BuD;rm;wJU ta&;awmfykHBuD;jzpfvmaeygNyD/ 'Dta&;awmfykHBuD;udk

owdrlrdolwdkif;[m 'DuAsmudk cHpm;Edkifayvdrfhr,f/ uAsmrSm npfnrf;rIudkawmh

nTef;rxm;bl;/ obm00ef;usif xdef;odrf;a&;udkyJ t"dxm;NyD; a&;zGJUxm;w,f/

NrdKUjywdkufwmawG wdk;csJUvmwmeJUtrQ opfyifyef;ref tvSawG ysufokOf;um

obm0w&m;vdkU ac:MuwJU a&ajrawmawmif (Moumoavmu) abmifusOf;

vm&wm? vlawGeJU a&ajrawmawmif uif;uGmvm&wm udkyJ uAsmq&mu

jrnfauR;xm;w,f? 'gayr,fh 'Dvdka&ajrawmawmiftvS aysmufjy,f &wmudk

wrf;wjywmuyJ vkHavmufaeygNyD/

'kwd,tydk'frSmawmh uAsmq&mu ajzodrfhuGufuav;udk xnfhay;xm;

w,f/ opfyifyef;reftvSawGr&SdawmhwJUNrdKUjyrSm aumif;uif&JU tvSudkawmhjzifh

ntcgrSm &Ipm;EdkifMuayao;vdkU awmfao;&JU-wJU/ 'gayr,fh 'gudk auseyfaewm

vdkUawmh r,lqtyfbl;/ ajrBuD;&JUtvSawG r&SdawmhwJUtqkH;? aumif;uif&JU

tvSudkyJ MunfEl; ae&ykHudk &aohpdwfajz azmfjyxm;wmvdkU ,lqEdkifw,f/ ol

t"du ajymcsifwmuawmh urÇmajr&JU obm0tvS ysufokOf;&jcif;ygyJ/ 'gudk

olUuAsm&JU a'gooHrSm ay:vGifae w,f/

'D uAsm[m edrdwfykH xdrdvGef;jcif;aMumifh xif&Sm;w,f/ NrdKUjy&JUwdkufwm

awGudk ]bmrS raygufwJU uEåm&? ]rzl;a0wJU ausmufwkH;awm&,fvdkU zGJUwm?

]ESif;qD&JU aysmhaysmif;wJU usL;ausmfrIvdkU zJGUwm? Mu,fawGudk ]oef;acgifyef;rsm;

vdkUzGJUwm? nrSm NrdKUBuD;&JUwdkufawGay: Mu,fawG 0if;yaewmudkyJ ]oef;acgifyef;wkdU

0ifwdkufwmvdkU zGJUwm rsm;[m txl;yJ xdrdvSw,f/ wu,fuawmhvnf;

wpfyk'fvkH;[m edrdwfykHcsnfh/

241

MIST

Rain, do not fall

Nor rob this mist at all,

That is my only cell and abbey wall.

Wind, wait to blow

And let the thick mist grow,

That fills the rose­cup with a whiter glow.

Mist, deepen still

And the low valley fill:

You hide but taller, a higher hill.

Still, mist, draw close;

These gain by what they lose,

The taller trees and hill, the whiter rose.

All else begone,

And leave me here alone

To tread this mist where earth and sky are one.

Andrew Young

242

ESif;

uAsmudk a&S;&dk;rMwmpepfeJU a&;pyfayr,fh udk,fydkifwDxGifrI jyKvkyfxm;

w,f/ okH;yg' wpfydk'fqdkwJU a&S;&d;uAsmrSm okH;avhr&SdwmrsKd;udk okH;xm;w,f?

tu©&m ta& twGufrSmvJ yxryg'rSm av;vkH;? 'kwd,yg'rSm ajcmufvkH;?

wwd,yg'rSm q,fvkH; vkyf xm;w,f/ okH;yg' tu©&m 17 vkH;,lwJU *syef

[dkuúLu tBuH&ovm; rajymwwfbl;/ rMwmu tokH;rsm;vSwJU £,rÁ

jzpfayr,fhvJ &pforf[m rMwmudktajcrcH? pum;ajym &pforfqefqef

zefqif;xm;w,f/ um&efrSmvJ tjrifum&efudk tawmfokH;xm;&JU/ (tjrif

um&efqdkwm pmvkH;aygif;omwlNyD; toHxGufrwlwmudk ajymwmyg/) Oyrm-

pwkw¦tydk'f rSm close eJU rose om um&efnDNyD; lose um&efrnDyg/

yOörtydk'frSmawmh begone, alone, one wdkUwpfck toHwpfrsKd;pDeJU

vkH;0um&efrnDMubl;/

tck pmom;t"dyÜm,fudk MunfhMu&atmif/

Mist uRefawmfwkdUwdkif;jynfu ESif;rsKd;

Rain, do not fall rdk;? rusygeJU? r&GmygeJUwJU/ rdk;[m tmvkyfpum;

jzpfw,f/

Nor rob this mist at all 'DESif;udk vkH;0ckd;,lroGm;ygeJUwJU/ rdk;&GmvdkufvQif

ESif;awG vGifhjy,f&awmhrSmudk;/

That is my only cell and abbey wall 'g[mig&JU wpfckwnf;tcef;?

ausmif;eH&Hjzpfw,f-wJU/ 'gudk axmufNyD; ajymaeol[m&[ef;vdkU od&w,f/

&[ef;tzdkU ausmif;ocFrf;om cdkvIH&m jzpfovdk 'DESif;[m olU&JU cdkvIH&myJvdkU

qdkvdkw,f/

Wind, wait to blow av? rwdkufygeJUOD;

243

And let the thick mist grow ESif;xlxludk BuD;xGm;ygap/

That fills the rose­cup with a whiter glow ESif;qDcGuf (cGufoP²mef

jzpfaewJU ESif;qDyef;)udk ydkjzLwJU ta&miftaoG;jznfhay;wJU (ESif;)-

ESpfyg'aygif;vdkufawmh ]ESif;qDcGufudk ydkjzLwJU ta&miftaoG;jznfhay;wJU

ESif;xlxl udk BuD;xGm;ygapvdkU jzpfr,f/

Mist, deepen still ESif;? eufonfxufeufygav/ wpfenf;-

odyfonf;ygvdkU qdkvdkw,f/

And the low valley fill csKdifh0Srf;edrfhedrfhudk jznfhvdkufygav/

You hide but taller trees, a higher hill rif;u opfyif jrifhjrifhawG?

awmif jrifhjrifhudkomyJ zkH;uG,fay;aew,fwJU/

Still, mist, draw close 'gayr,fh ESif;&,f? tem;csOf;uyfcJUygOD;/

These gain bywhat they lose olwkdU[m qkH;&IH;&mu tjrwfxGuf

aew,f/ tJ'D ]olwdkUqdkwm b,folvJvdkUodcsifvQif qufzwf.....

The taller trees and hill, the whiter rose tyifjrifhjrifhawGeJU

awmifjrifhjrifh? ydkjzLvmwJU ESif;qDwkdUudk ajymwmygyJ/ olwkdUwpfawG[m ESif;aMumifh

jrifuGif;rSm rjrif&bJ uG,faysmufoGm;&onfrdkU qkH;&IH;&w,fvdkU xif&ayr,fh

ESif;aMumifh tjrwfxGuf Muygw,f-wJU/ ydkvSvmMuw,faygh/

All else gegone tjcm;t&mtm;vkH; uG,fyMuap-wJU/

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