7. Pengujian Hipotesis Dua Sampel

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11- 1 Day # 7 Pengujian Hipotesis Dua sampel GOALS When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to: TWO Conduct a test of hypothesis regarding the difference in two population proportions. THREE Conduct a test of hypothesis about the mean difference between paired or dependent observations. ONE Conduct a test of hypothesis about the difference between two independent population means. FOUR Understand the difference between dependent and independent samples.

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Transcript of 7. Pengujian Hipotesis Dua Sampel

Page 1: 7. Pengujian Hipotesis Dua Sampel

11- 1Day # 7

Pengujian Hipotesis Dua sampel GOALS

When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to:

TWO

Conduct a test of hypothesis regarding the difference in two population

proportions.

THREE

Conduct a test of hypothesis about the mean difference between paired or

dependent observations.

ONE

Conduct a test of hypothesis about the difference between two independent

population means.

FOUR

Understand the difference between dependent and independent samples.

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Comparing two populations

Apakah terdapat

perbedaan distribusi rata-

rata sample dari dua

populasi yang

dibandingkan ?

Membandingkan 2 rata-rata Populasi

jika n ≥ 30,

gunakan tabel

distribusi z sebagai

uji statistik

Tdk ada asumsi terkait dg

populasi tsb

Jika sampel

berasal dari

populasi yang

independen

Rumus utk

menghitung z :

2

22

1

21

21

n

s

n

s

XXz

+

−=

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EXAMPLE 1

Sebesar $7000 utk sample

yang terdiri ats 35 rumah

tangga. Dengan α = 0.01

d a p a t k a h d i s i m p u l k a n

bahwa rata-rata pendapatan

di Bradford lbh tinggi ?

2 kota, Bradford

& K a n e h a n y a

d i p i s a h k a n o l e h

sungai Conewango.

K e d u a k o t a t s b

s a l i ng be r s a i n g .

Rata-rata pendapatan rumah

tangga di Bradford adl

$38.000 dgn standard deviasi

$6.000 untk sample yang

terdiri atas 40 rumah tangga.

S e d a n g k a n r a t a - r a t a

pendapatan di Kane adalah

$35.000 dgn standart deviasi

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Example 1 continued

Step 2

State the level of significance.

The 0,01 significance level is

stated in the problem.

Step 3

Find the appropriate test

statistic. Because both

samples are more than 30, we

can use z as the test statistic.

Step 1

State the null and

alternate hypotheses.

H0: µB < µK

H1: µB > µK

Step 4

State the decision rule.

The null hypothesis is

rejected if z is greater

than 2,33

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Example 1 continued

98.1

35

)000,7($

40

)000,6($

000,35$000,38$

22=

+

−=z

Step 5: Compute the value of z and make a decision.

Krn Zhitung 1.98

< Z critical of 2.33,

maka H0 tdk dapat

ditolak. Kita tdk dpt

menyimpulkan bahwa

rata-rata pendapatan

di Bradford lebih

besar.Reject H0Do not reject H0

αααα = 0,01

2,330

Reject H0

z = 1,98

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21

21

nn

XXpc

+

+=

Two Sample Tests of Proportions: apakah kedua

sampel berasal dari suatu populasi dg proporsi yang sama

Kedua sampel di

pooled dg rumus:

Dimana X1 dan X2 adl

kejadian sukses dlm

sampel n1 & n2.

Test statistik yang

digunakan adl

21

21

)1()1(

n

pp

n

pp

ppz

cccc −+

−=

dimana P1 & P2 adl

proporsi kejadian sukses

dlm sampel n1 & n2.

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Example 2

Apakah pekerja lajang

lebih sering absen jika

dibandingkan dgn pekerja

yang sudah menikah? Dr

250 pe ke r j a yg s dh

menikah tdp 22 org yang

absen lbh dr 5 hari dlm

setahun, sedangkan dr

300 sampel pekerja lajang

tdp 35 org yang absen

lebih dari 5 hari dalam

s e t a h u n t e r a k h i r

Dgn menggunakan α = 5%

dptkah dikatakan bahwa pekerja

lajang lebih sering absen

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Example 2 continued

The null and the alternate hypotheses

H0: ππππU < ππππM H1: ππππU > ππππM

H0 ditolak jika nilai

zhitung > 1.65

The pooled proportion

250300

2235

+

+=cp

= 0,1036

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Example 2 continued

10,1

300

)1036.1(1036,0

250

)1036.1(1036,0

300

35

250

22

−=−

+−

=z

Karena z hitung - 1,10 < z critical 1.65, maka H0 tdk dapat ditolak. Kita tdk dapat menyimpulkan bahwa pekerja lajang lebih sering absen dibandingkan pekerja yang sdh menikah

Reject H0Do not reject H0

αααα = 0,05

0

Reject H0

z = -1,10

1,65

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Small Sample Tests of Means

Asumsi

1. Kedua populasi terdistribusi normal

2. Kedua populasi memiliki standart deviasi yang sama.

3. Kedua sampel berasal dari populasi yang independen

Pengujian Hipotesis sampel kecil Gunakan t test jika satu atau lebih sampel memiliki

observasi < 30.

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Small sample test of means

continued

2

)1()1(

21

222

2112

−+

−+−=

nn

snsns p

+

−=

21

2

21

11

nns

XXt

p

2 : tentukan nilai t dengan rumus:

Langkah-langkah pengujian.

1: Pool the varians.

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Example 3

Sebuah studi

membandingkan

konsumsi BBM mobil

lokal dgn mobil impor.

Dr sampel yg terdiri dr

15 mobil lokal

menunjukkan rata-rata

33,7 mpg & standard

deviasi 2,4 mpg.

Sdgkan sample yg tdr 12

mobil impor menunjukan

rata-rata 35,7 mpg dgn

standart deviasi 3,9. dg α

= 0,05 dptkah disimpulkan

bahwa rata-rata mpg mobil

impor lbh tinggi?

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Example 3 continued

Step 1

State the null and

alternate hypotheses.

H0: µ I ≤ µD

H1: µ I > µD

Step 2

State the level of

significance. The .05

significance level is

stated in the problem.

Step 3

Find the appropriate test

statistic. Both samples

are less than 30, so we

use the t distribution.

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Example 3 continued

918,921215

)9.3)(112()4.2)(115(

2

))(1())(1(

22

21

2

22

2

112

=−+

−+−=

−+

−+−=

nn

snsnsp

Step 4

The decision rule is to reject

H0 if t<1,708 . df = n1 + n2

– 2 or 25 degrees of

freedom.

Step 5

We compute the

pooled variance.

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Example 3 continued

640,1

12

1

15

1918,9

7.357.33

11

21

2

21

−=

+

−=

+

−=

nns

XXt

p

We compute the value of t as follows.

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Krn nilai t hitung - 1, 64 < t kritik 1.708, maka H0 tdk ditolak . Shg tdk dpt disimpulkan bahwa rata-rata mpg mobil import lebih tinggi

Example 3 continued

Do not reject H0

αααα = 0,05

0

Reject H0

t = -1,64

1,708Reject H0

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Pengujian Hipotesis sampel berpasangan

Dependent samples

jika kedua sampel saling

berpasangan .

Independent samples

jika kedua sampel tdk

saling berpasangan

(independen).

Membandingkan harga mobil dg tipe yang

s a m a d i d u a d e a l e r

Membandingkan

efektifitas program diet

bagi kelompok treatment

sblm dan sesudah

melakukan diet

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Hypothesis Testing Involving Paired

Observations

td

s nd

=/

d

sd

Jika sampelnya dependent gunakan rumus :

dmn adl rata-rata perbedaan

adl standart deviasi perbedaan

n is jumlah observasi yang berpasangan

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EXAMPLE 4

Seorang konsumen

membandingkan biaya

sewa mobil Hertz &

Avis di 8 kota yang

menjadi sampel. Dg α =

5% dptkah dikatakan ada

perbedaan biaya sewa

kedua mobil tersebut?

City Hertz

($)

Avis ($)

Atlanta 42 40

Chicago 56 52

Cleveland 45 43

Denver 48 48

Honolulu 37 32

Kansas City 45 48

Miami 41 39

Seattle 46 50

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Example 4 continued

Step 4

H0 is rejected if

t < -2.365 or t > 2.365;

we use the t distribution with

n-1 or 7 degrees of freedom.Step 2

The stated

significance

level is .05.

Step 3

The appropriate

test statistic is the

paired t-test.

Step 1

Ho: µµµµd = 0

H1: µµµµd ≠ 0

Step 5

Perform the

calculations and make

a decision.

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Example 4 continued

City Hertz Avis d d2

Atlanta 42 40 2 4

Chicago 56 52 4 16

Cleveland 45 43 2 4

Denver 48 48 0 0

Honolulu 37 32 5 25

Kansas City 45 48 -3 9

Miami 41 39 2 4

Seattle 46 50 -4 16

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Example 4 continued

00.18

0.8==

Σ=

n

dd

( )

1623.318

8

878

1

222

=−

=−

Σ−Σ

=n

n

dd

sd

894.081623.3

00.1===

ns

dt

d

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Example 4 continued

Krn – 2,365 < 0,

894 < 2,365

maka kita tdk

dpt menolak H0.

Dgn demikian

disimpulkan

bahwa tdk ada

perbedaan rata-

rata biaya sewa

mobil Hertz

dan Avis.

0,894

Reject H0 Do not reject H0

α = .05/2

-t = -2,365 0

α = .05/2

Reject H0

+t = 2,365