(7) Effective Stream
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Transcript of (7) Effective Stream
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SECTION 7
CENTRAL EMERGENCY AND FIRE SERVICES RESPONSE
CEFS RESPONSE
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Effective Streams
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Objectives
1. Understand the heat absorbing qualities of water
2. Recognize the signs of effective fire streams
3. Use the sign to make effective nozzle movements andpattern changes
4. Use effective streams to control fuel at its source
5. Use master streams effectively
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Effective Fire Stream Definition
The widest stream of water delivered through a nozzle thateffectively controls the fuel or fire
Purpose :1. Absorb heat2. Control fuel3. Disperse vapors4. Redirecting flames5. Adequately cools exposures
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Advantages of Water
Readily available
Inexpensive resource
Ease of distribution
Good heat absorbing quantities
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Example
1 gal (3.8 liters) Gasoline = 130,000 BTUs
1 gal (3.8 liters) Water absorbs = 9,350 BTUs
Therefore, if effectively applied, 14 gal (53 liters) watercan absorb the heat generated from 1 gal (3.8 liters) ofgasoline
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Common Uses of Water
1. Controlling fuel at its source!
2. Equipment protection (cooling)
3. Sweeping fuel away from equipment
4. Quenching fuel below its flash point
5. Vapor suppression / dilution
6. Personnel protection
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Priorities for Water Application
Cooling :- Fixed systems first- Protect uninsulated equipment
Confinement :
- Limit spreadControl flames
Control :- Use effective streams- Control fuel at its source
Extinguish the fire CENTRAL EMERGENCY AND FIRE SERVICES RESPONSE
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The preferred method of extinguishment for pressure or 3-dimensional fires leaking hydrocarbon is :
ELIMINATE THE FUEL SOURCE
With effective stream application, rapidextinguishment is not critical
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Common Errors in the Use of Water
Failure to control fuel at its source
Too much is used- Overload sewer capacity- Fills dikes and curbings
- Depletes water supply
Destroys foam
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Common Errors contd
Excess reliance on Straight streams
Excess reliance on full fog streams
Failure to properly use fixed systems
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Liabilities of Straight Streams
Can injure personnel
Can damage equipment
Can miss desired target (fuel source)
Can knock out radios
Very destructive to foam
Can spread fuel and fire
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Liabilities of Full Fog Streams
Provides no power for fuel control
Very poor reach
Provides false sense of security
Obscures vision
Makes pattern integrity vital
You may be comfortable and cool, but the fire just getsworse!
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CEFS RESPONSE
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Fog Patterns Induce Large Volumes of Air !
Good- Ventilation- Moving or dispersing
Bad- Recirculates smoke- Draws fire toward thenozzle
- Does poorly in pressure fire
control
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Effective Fire Streams Consist of 3 Major Elements
1. Reliable water supply
2. Efficient delivery
3. Effective application
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What is an Effective Stream?
Answer: The widest stream of water delivered through a nozzle
that effectively control s the fuel or fire
1. Absorbs maximum quantity of heat
2. Controls fuel (at source if possible)
3. Disperses vapor
4. Redirect flames
5. Adequately cools exposures
Managing 5 variables requires constant attention
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Signs of Effective Fire Streams :
1. Change in fire intensity (visual)
2. Change in radiated heat (feel)
3. Change in noise level (auditory)
4. Change volume of smoke (visual)
5. Change in color of smoke (visual)
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Bridge the Gap !
Effective streams :
Buys time
Increases opportunity for success
Improves safety
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Nozzle Adjustments
Made to obtain the most effective stream
Types of nozzle adjustments- Position adjustments- Pattern adjustments
Keys to nozzle adjustments- Finesse- Opportunism
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Finesse
Make adjustment slowly
Watch for the fires reaction
Dont look at the nozzle
Watch for the signs of effective streams
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Opportunism
Be alert for
opportunities to getthe most bite on thefire
Take advantage of allopportunities
Fire is like a wild animal Struggling to survive !!!!
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Control the Fuel at its Source!
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Firefighting Streams : Control Techniques
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Firefighting Streams : Control Techniques
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Firefighting Streams : Control Techniques
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Summary
The Most Effective FireStream is the Widest
Stream That Cools,Confines and Controls
the Fuel and / or Fire
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Summary
Use 5 indicators to evaluate Effectiveness
Make Nozzle Position and Pattern changes slowly
Opposing Streams are NOT safe!
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