7 clash of empires.
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Transcript of 7 clash of empires.
English population was far English population was far greater than French in greater than French in AmericaAmerica
Reasons for coming to Reasons for coming to AmericaAmerica
Spanish – to conquerSpanish – to conquer
English – to establish English – to establish settlementssettlements
French – to trade (furs)French – to trade (furs)
French gov’t wanted French gov’t wanted colonies as a line of colonies as a line of defense against Englishdefense against English
Along St. Lawrence RiverAlong St. Lawrence River
QuebecQuebec
MontrealMontreal
Search for Northwest PassageSearch for Northwest Passage
Jacques Marquette – priestJacques Marquette – priest
Louis Joliet – fur traderLouis Joliet – fur trader
Navigated from Lake Navigated from Lake Michigan down Miss. River – Michigan down Miss. River –
not all way to Gulfnot all way to Gulf
La SalleLa Salle
used prior info – to Gulfused prior info – to Gulf
**Claimed all land drained by **Claimed all land drained by Miss R. for FranceMiss R. for France
Returned north to plan Returned north to plan another trip w/ settlersanother trip w/ settlers
Missed mouth of river, in TXMissed mouth of river, in TX
Built Ft. St. Louis (2Built Ft. St. Louis (2ndnd flag) flag)
Murdered by own menMurdered by own men
Reasons to settle mouth of Reasons to settle mouth of Mississippi RiverMississippi River
Base of attack against MexicoBase of attack against Mexico Trading post for furs & oreTrading post for furs & ore Keep English from taking control of Miss. Keep English from taking control of Miss.
RiverRiver
1718 New Orleans 1718 New Orleans
*France controlled 2 access points to *France controlled 2 access points to interiorinterior
St Lawrence River – Quebec & MontrealSt Lawrence River – Quebec & Montreal
Mississippi River – New OrleansMississippi River – New Orleans
Mississippi RiverMississippi River
France increases tensions with SpainFrance increases tensions with Spain
Both England & France recruited Both England & France recruited Indian alliesIndian allies
England – IroquoisEngland – Iroquois
French – Algonquin & HuronFrench – Algonquin & Huron
English population increases rapidlyEnglish population increases rapidly
not the Frenchnot the French
French built forts around Ohio ValleyFrench built forts around Ohio Valley
FRONTIERFRONTIERBRUTALITYBRUTALITY
ALBANY PLAN OF UNIONALBANY PLAN OF UNION17541754
Benjamin Franklin called for Benjamin Franklin called for colonies to unite for defense colonies to unite for defense against Indiansagainst Indians
11stst political cartoon political cartoon““Join or Die”Join or Die”
***Colonists feared a ***Colonists feared a central governmentcentral government
Meant giving up their Meant giving up their independenceindependence
FRENCH & INDIAN WARFRENCH & INDIAN WARVirginia governor sent Geo. Virginia governor sent Geo.
Washington to drive French from Washington to drive French from Ohio valleyOhio valley
Ft. Duquesne – Fr. fort at forks of Ft. Duquesne – Fr. fort at forks of Ohio RiverOhio River
Ft. Necessity – British fort – attacked Ft. Necessity – British fort – attacked by Frenchby French
11stst battle of French & Indian War battle of French & Indian War*The defeat of Ft. Necessity cost the *The defeat of Ft. Necessity cost the
British their Indian alliesBritish their Indian allies
French AdvantagesFrench Advantages
Controlled more land in Controlled more land in AmericaAmerica
New France had a single gov’tNew France had a single gov’t
France sent ships & soldiers to France sent ships & soldiers to fightfight
France could depend on loyal France could depend on loyal Indian alliesIndian allies
English AdvantagesEnglish Advantages
More settlers than the More settlers than the FrenchFrench
Colonies along coast – Colonies along coast – easier to defendeasier to defend
English willing to fight to English willing to fight to defend their homesdefend their homes
22ndnd attempt to take Ft. attempt to take Ft. DuquesneDuquesne
General Edward Braddock > General Edward Braddock >
Ft. DuquesneFt. DuquesneFrench laid ambush French laid ambush 2/3 of army killed2/3 of army killedBraddock killedBraddock killed
Result: French kept control of Result: French kept control of Ohio ValleyOhio Valley
1757 New prime minister1757 New prime ministerWilliam Pitt – planned to William Pitt – planned to winwin
Began winning back the Began winning back the fortsforts
Ft. Duquesne taken, Ft. Duquesne taken, renamedrenamed
Ft. PittFt. Pitt
BATTLE OF QUEBECBATTLE OF QUEBEC
City on hill over St. Lawrence RiverCity on hill over St. Lawrence River
James Wolfe (Br) sneaked 4,000 James Wolfe (Br) sneaked 4,000 troops during the night up the hilltroops during the night up the hill
Next a.m. great battleNext a.m. great battle
French lost Quebec – French lost Quebec –
**turning point of the war**turning point of the war
Montreal was lost laterMontreal was lost later
BRITISH VICTORY!BRITISH VICTORY!
Treaty of Paris 1763Treaty of Paris 1763Ended French & Indian War (also Ended French & Indian War (also known as the 7 Years War)known as the 7 Years War)Britain took:Britain took:Canada & all land east of Miss. RiverCanada & all land east of Miss. RiverNot New OrleansNot New OrleansSpain took:Spain took:All land west of Miss. River All land west of Miss. River andand New Orleans New Orleans
Pioneers eagerly moved into Pioneers eagerly moved into the Ohio River Valleythe Ohio River Valley
Indians began to join together Indians began to join together to resist the Britishto resist the British
Pontiac’s RebellionPontiac’s Rebellion
Indians drove out BritishIndians drove out British
British found it was hard to British found it was hard to govern large amounts of landgovern large amounts of land