CONDITIONS:

Given a combat situation and you are faced with:

1. Shortage of food and material. 2. Experienced sudden illness

II. STANDARDS:

1. Learn the jungle survival techniques.2. Create fire using the available resources3. Classify medicinal plants.

III. PERFORMANCE STEP:

In the conduct of combat operations, survival which is the persons desire to live longer or the will to survive is of paramount importance. It is then a must to know the meaning of SURVIVAL in line with the conduct of operations:

S Size up the situation.- consider yourself, the country, people and environment. a. Be calm, recall survival training and expect it to work. Hope for the best but be prepared for the worst.

b. Try to determine where you are always.

2. U Undue haste make waste.

- do not act easily, remain calm and patient. Be sure that every move counts never do something if you do not know the result. Doing something without proper planning may mean your life.

3. R Remember where you are.

- your location and your habits may reveal your identity. Doing habits that come naturally may indicate that you do not belong in a particular area. Try to adopt habits and custom in the area.

4. V Vanquish fear and panic when you are accidentally in a strange place.

- Control being in the state of fear and panic which may turn to loneliness and hopelessness which may subsequently cause you to surrender or commit suicide. You have to overcome this by planning how to survive.

5. I Improvise

- figure out and determine what you need and take action to obtain or substitute it. Dont be afraid to taste strange food. Make an improvised shelter.

6. V Value Living - As we know our life is but only one, so conserve your health and strength. Your best weapon to overcome mental obstacle is your will to survive. Secure yourself from hazardous creeps during rest or night time.

7. A Act like a native - Accept and adopt local costumes and traditions (habits) but avoid direct contact with them. Blend with them in all aspects and you will a greater chance to survive.

8. L Learn basic skills. - The best assurance is to make sure that you learned the techniques and procedures for survival thoroughly. In a certain locality there are some natives skills which are not known to you. Be inquisitive to search for additional survival knowledge.

B. Knowing the different sources of food is not enough for secure ones survival. One must learn the rules on edibility in order to be safe in eating of food.

1. Never eat large quantity of strange food w/o tasting it first. Prepare a sample , take a mouthful, chew it and hold it in your mouth for five minutes, if it taste good, eat it but if otherwise dont eat it. If you want to try a wild fruit, try it with the tip of your tongue, and once it taste bitter or itchy, keep on spitting until the bad the taste is gone. A burning taste is a warning of danger.

2. Plants eaten by birds or animals are safe to eat.3. Dont eat unknown plants with milky or silk sap, or contact with your body or skin.

4. Dont eat plants with bad taste . Bitterness is a sign pf danger.5. Non- poisonous mushrooms are edible.

6. Must root crops are edible but must be boiled thoroughly.

C. Aside from knowing the sources of food and rules on edibility, it is also necessary to know and classify medicinal plants in-order to be utilized when needed such as the following:

1. Ampalaya to be boiled a. leaves good for antiseptic, for wound b. Seed and stem cure Malaria 2. Anonas Barks and fruits diarrhea3. Cashew Fresh fruits for diarrhea4. Kawayan Roots, leaves and shoots for kidney trouble5. Makahiya roots for hemorrhage

D. Jungle Survival Techniques:

1.Ways of cooking for the animal and plant food.

BoilingBakingRoastingBroilingParching2. Preservation of Food

FreezingSmokingCuttingSalting

3. Preparation of wild food

BleedingCutting Smoking Salting

4. Hunting grounds for survival

Along seacoast between high & low water marksAreas between beaches and coral reefsMarshes and mud floatsMangroove swamps where a river flows into the ocean or into the larger river banks

Inland water, holes, shores of ponds and lakesMargins of forest , natural meadows, protected mountain slopes.Attended cultivated fields

5. Pointers of food getting

Kinds of traps

Dead dropSpear whipCage trapHoof and line

b. Methods of fishing

Knots and ScoopsDammingSpearingHoof and line

6. Shelters

Making of lean-tos and huts from local materialsFinding ideal location of camp sitesUse of natural ground formation, like caves, and overhanging cliffs

7. Fire making

By use of FlintstoneRubbing two dry sticksUse of lens solar heatFire box and drills

E. To eliminate discomfort; you must consider the following ways;

a. Proper training and indoctrination.b. Learning about geography, topography, vegetation, wildlife and climate of the area.c. Learning the ways of travel by map reading , jungle navigational aids and all available aids.d. Learning the procedures and ways of acquiring food and water.e. Learning to find natural shelters, and to construct improvised and hasty shelter to suit the duration of stay and impending tactical situationf. Knowing that rest is more important than speed.

g. Handling fear of the people in strange country by:

1. Using of common sense and common decency in dealing with them,

2. Recalling the knowledge of their common ways of life, characteristics, customs, tradition and religion.

h. Knowing the sources of food is a great help for survival. It is classified into two sources, the plant food and animal food.

a. Estimatedly, there are about 300,000 classified plantsgrowing on the earth surface including those in the mountain tops and ocean floors and 120,000 are edible.

b. The following animal foods are edible:

Anything that swims, flies, creeps or crawls are edible All four legged animalsAnything that monkey and birds eatAnything that four legged animals eatAll eggs and larvaeAlmost all sea livesAll cooked crustaceans and mollusksAll reptilesFishes caught in the open sea and other bodies of waterEels but not sea snakesAll snakes but not sea snakes( remove 6 inches from the head and skin them)Cooked animal meat asap after killing itFrogs, turtles, lizards,alligators and crocodiles except toads.

ABUKADOPersea americanaAVOCADO

Parts usedBark, fruit, leaves and seeds.Medicinal propertiesDigestive, emmenagogue, antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, pectoral, stomach ache, anthelmintic, antiperiodic.

UsesNutritionalHigh fat content; a good source of vitamins A, some B, C and E and potassium; fair source of iron; low in calcium. A fruit with high-energy producing value, each edible pound allegedly provides an average of 1,000 calories. A good source of monosaturated fats.

Folkloric- The pulp is thought to promote menstruation.- Decoction of pulverized seeds used as gargles for toothaches.- The leaves and bark promote menstruation; the tea has been used to expel worms.- Rheumatism and neuralgia: Pulverize seeds or bark, mix with oil and apply on affected area as counterirritant.- Beverage: Take decoction of leaves as tea.- Pulp is applied to shallow cuts, prevents infection.- Flesh of ripe fruit is soothing to sunburned skin.Others- Juice from seeds used to make permanent ink for fabric lettering.

ACACIASamanea saman Merr.RAIN TREE

Parts utilized: Entire plant. Collect from May to October. Rinse and sun-dry.

PropertiesSlightly acidic tasting, cooling. Antipyretic, stomach ache, astringent and antidermatoses.

Folkloric uses Acute bacillary dysentery, enteritis, diarrhea: use 15 to 30 gms dried material in decoction. Also for colds, sore throat, headache. A decoction of the inner bark or fresh cambium and leaves is used to treat diarrhea. Anaphylactic dermatitis, eczema, skin pruritus: use decoction of fresh material and apply as external wash. Latex used as gum arabic for gluing.Other uses / studies Seasonally copious pods with sweet pulp that can be grounded and converted to fodder and alcohol as an energy source Studies have suggested antimicrobial activity in the crude extracts of acacia.

ADELFANerium indicum Mill.

Parts used Bark and leaves.Folkloric uses:- Ringworm: Chop a foot long branch and mix with 1 cup chopped fresh young leaves. Mix the juice with 5 drops of fresh coconut oil. Apply 3 times daily.- Snake bites: Pound 10 leaves and a piece of branch. Apply poultice to the wound.- Roots and bark used externally for eczema, snake bites and as insecticide.- Fresh leaves applied to tumors to hasten suppuration.

ALAGAWPremna odorata Blanco

Parts utilized Leaves and flowering tops, fresh or dried.Folkloric uses Cough: Sugared decoction of leaves as tea helps loosen up phlegm. Flatulence (gas pains):Adults: decoction of leaves as tea.Children: Crush leaves, mix with a little coconut or cooking oil and apply on abdomen. Headache: Crush leaves and apply on forehead and temples.Tea decoction of the leaf has been used for tuberculosis

AMPALAYAMormodica charantia Linn Parts utilizedLeaves, roots and fruits.

UsesLeaf juice for cough and as a purgative and anthelminthic to expel intestinal parasites, and for healing wounds. Seeds also used to expel worms.Juice from fruit used for lbm and chronic colitis.The vine or the juice of leaves used as mild purgative for children.In large doses, the fresh juice is a drastic purgative.Decoction of roots and seeds used for urethral discharges. Pounded leaves used for scalds.

ACHUETEBixa orellana Linn.UsesFolkloric For small burns: Wash the leaves with soap and water. Boil 10 leaves in 5 glasses of water; cool. Soak the burn area for 10 minues, once a day. The pulp of the seeds, immediately applied to burns, prevents blistering and scarring. The seeds, ground and boiled, also used for burns. Fresh seeds when moistened produce a reddish colored juice that is applied to red rashes. The seeds are used as antidote for cassava and J. urcas poisoning. Also used for wound healing, regulation of heavy menses, and thinning hair.

MUNGOPhaseolus aureus Roxb

Uses

FolkloricDecoction of seeds as diuretic.The seeds, boiled or raw, used in poultices.Roots are thought to be narcotic, used for bone pains.Seeds, internally and externally, used for rheumatism and a variety of nervous system ailments.The seeds are used for hemorrhoids and liver afflictions.Powdered beans used to promote suppuration.Seeds used in anorexia.

BALETEFicus elastica

Folkloric uses- Skin eruptions and dermatitis: Boil one cup of chopped bark in 1/2 gallon of water for 10 mins; use decoction to wash involved areas, twice daily.- Decoction of aerial rootlets used for wounds, cuts and sores.- Bark is astringent and used as styptics for wounds.- Decoction of latex for parasitic worms (trichuris trichura).

BANABALagerstroemia speciosa Linn.

Uses- Roots have been used for a variety of stomach ailments. - The bark decoction has been used for the treatment of diarrhea.- The bark, flowers and leaves used to facilitiate bowel movements.- Decoction of fruits or roots gargled for aphthous stomatitis.- Decoction of leaves and flowers used for fevers and as diuretic.

BAWANGAllium sativumUses Arthritis, rheumatism, toothaches: Crush several cloves and rub on affected areas.Headaches: Crush one clove and apply to both temples as poultice.Insect bites: Crush garlic or cut clove crosswise and rub directly to affected area.Athlete's foot.Decoction of leaves and bulbs for fever and as hypotensive, carminative, expectorant, & anthelmintic.Juice from freshly crushed garlic used for colds, cough, sore throat, hoarseness, asthma and bronchitis.For nasal congestion - a steam inhalation of chopped garlic and a teaspoon of vinegar in boiling water.

BAYABASPsidium guajava Linn Uses-Astringent, antispasmodic, anthelminthic and antiseptic properties.-Leaves used for wounds and toothache must always be fresh.-Decoction or infusion of fresh leaves used for wound cleaning to prevent infection and to facilitate healing.-Aromatic bath: Use warm decoction of leaves.-Diarrhea: Boil for 15 minutes 4 to 6 tablespoons of chopped leaves in 18 ounces of water. Strain and cool. Drink 1/4 of the decoction every 3 - 4 hours.-Toothache: Chew 2-3 young leaves and put into the tooth cavity;

-Gum swelling: Chewed leaves; or use the leaf decoction as mouthwash 3 times daily; chewed leaves.-Toothache: Chew but do not swallow fresh leaves.-Skin ulcers, wounds, pruritic or infected: Apply decoction of leaves or unripe fruit as wash or the leaf poultice on the wound or use the decoction for wound cleansing. It is also popularly used for the wound healing of circumcision wounds.-Nosebleeds: Densely roll the bayabas leaves and place into the nostril cavity.-DentalToothbrush natural: Bayabas twigs, chewed at the ends until frayed, used as alternative for toothbrushing with whitening effect.

DALANGHITACitrus nobilis Nausea and fainting: Squeeze rind near nostril for irritant inhalation. For cough: boil a concentrated decoction of the rind and drink. For anorexia and vomiting: add fresh rhizome of ginger to a concentrated decoction of the rind and drink. Decoction of dried flowers used for diarrhea. Decoction of rind or peel used to regulate menses. Leg bath of boiled leaves used for rheumatism, and painful and swollen legs. Oil from rind used for stomach problems; and as liniment for gout, rheumatism and other painful swellings.

DAYAPCitrus aurantifolia

Uses:

Nausea and fainting: Squeeze rind near nostril for irritant inhalation.Decoction of roots used for dysentery; root-bark as febrifuge.Mouthwash and gargle for sore throat and thrush.Externally, fresh juice is used to clean wounds; roasted, for chronic sores.

DUHATSyzgium cumini

Uses:

Diarrhea: Liberal amounts of the fleshy portion of the fruit. Gum gingivitis: Use a 1% decoction of the bark as a gargle or mouthwash. Wounds: Use the bark decoction as an astringent wash.

Other uses Wine and fruit drink from the ripe fruits. Seeds used for fodder.

EUCALYPTUSEucalyptus globulus Uses:Antiseptic and deodorant:Apply crushed leaves on affected area.Decoction of leaves as tea for cough, asthma, hoarseness, fevers. Pure eucalyptus oil, two drops in a tsp of warm water, for coughs, whooping coughs, asthma and bronchitis.Infusion of leaves used for asthma, catarrh, bronchits, whooping cough, coryza, dysentery, diabetes, fevers and colds, malaria, rhinitis, tuberculosis.For sinusitis, breathing of vapor of decoction of leaves.

- Decoction of leaves used for washing and cleaning wounds.-Other folkloric uses: Diabetes, lumbago, sciatica, toothaches, tuberculosis, dysentery, gout.-Insect repellant: Burn leaves.-Extraction of oil-Boil mature leaves in water, condensing the vapor to recover the oil. Eucalyptus globulus yields less oil than the other varieties used for commercial production of medicinal grade oils.

KAKAWATEGliricidia sepium

Uses

-Dermatitis, skin itching: Apply juice or decoction of leaves, bark or roots on the skin as antipruritic.-Fresh leaves applied to the skin as insect repellant.-As counterirritant: Crush leaves and apply as poultice for rheumatic pains, sprains and closed fractures.-Sap of bark, leaves and roots have been used for wound healing.-Treatment of scabies.

IV. EVALUATION PREPARATION:

Set-up: The student shall be placed in a simulated jungle area where he has no supply of food and equipment. Furthermore, inform him that some of his companions suddenly got ill and no medicine is available.

Brief Student: Tell the student to apply jungle survival techniques which can be used in a selected area with a given time and available resources.

V. PERFORMANCE MEASURE:GONO GO

1. Ability to gather and cook food available in a given area within theprescribed time. _________ ________

2. Ability to create fire using dry sticks Or any available source ________ ________3. Ability to classify medicinal plants In the given area._________________

VI. EVALUATION GUIDELINES:

Score the student GO if all performance measures are passed and NO GO if performance measure is failed. If the student scores NO GO, show him what was done wrong and how to do it correctly.

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