7-1 Lecture 6 Skeletal System:Axial Skeleton. 7-2 The Complete Skeleton Axial skeleton –Skull...
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Transcript of 7-1 Lecture 6 Skeletal System:Axial Skeleton. 7-2 The Complete Skeleton Axial skeleton –Skull...
7-1
Lecture 6Skeletal System:Axial Skeleton
7-2
The Complete Skeleton•Axial skeleton
–Skull–Hyoid bone–Vertebral column–Thoracic (rib) cage
•Appendicular skeleton–Limbs–Girdles
Fig. 7.1
7-3
Superior and Posterior Views of Skull or Cranium
Fig. 7.5• External occipital protuberance
– Ligamentum nuchae: Helps keep head erect
• Nuchal lines: Neck muscle attachment
7-4
Lateral View of Skull
• Temporal lines (temporalis muscle)
• Mandible– Condyle
– Coronoid process for temporalis muscle
Fig. 7.6
7-5
Frontal View of Skull
• Optic foramen (optic nerve)• Lacrimal groove (tears from eye to nasal capsule)
Frontal bone
Parietal bone
Temporal bone Sphenoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Nasal bone
Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
VomerInferior nasal concha
Mandible
Ethmoid bone
Fig. 7.4
7-6
Inferior View of Skull
• Foramen magnum• Occipital condyles• Jugular foramen, carotid canal• Hard palate - maxilla and palatine
Fig. 7.8
MaxillaPalatine bone
Vomer
Sphenoid bone
Jugular foramen
Carotid canal
Inferior nuchal line
Superior nuchal line
Occipital bone
External occipital protuberance
External occipital crest
Foramen magnum
Occipital condyleMastoid process
Temporal bone
Mandibular fossaStyloid process
Zygomatic process of temporal bone
Temporal process of zygomatic bone
Hard palate
Zygomatic arch
Fig. 7.8
7-7
Hyoid Bone and Auditory Ossicles
• Hyoid bone– Unpaired– No direct bony attachment
to skull – Attachment point for some
tongue muscles– Attachment point for neck
muscles that elevate larynx during speech and swallowing
• Auditory ossicles– Malleus, incus and stapes
Fig. 7.26
7-8
Vertebra
• Parts– Body– Vertebral foramen– Vertebral arch– Superior and inferior articular processes– Transverse process– Articular facets for rib– Spinous process
Fig. 7.29
7-9
Vertebral Column
• Regions– Cervical (7 vertebrae)
– Thoracic (12 vertebrae)
– Lumbar (5 vertebrae)
– Sacral bone (1)
– Coccygeal bone (1)
Fig. 7.28
7-10
Cervical Vertebrae
• Atlas– First vertebra– ‘yes’ motion
• Axis– Second vertebra– Dens or odontoid process– ‘no’ motion
Fig. 7.30
7-11
Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae
Table 7.5 Table 7.5
7-12
Sacrum and Coccyx
Fig. 7.31
7-13
Review Question
The spinal cord passes along the vertebral column through the _______ and enters the skull through the __________.
(a) Spinous process, mandibular fossa(b) Body, occipital condyles(c) Superior and inferior articular processes, jugular foramen(d) Vertebral arch, carotid canal(e) None of the above is correct
7-14
Thoracic Cage and Sternum• Parts
– Thoracic vertebrae– Ribs (12 pair)
• True• False
– Sternum (manubrium, body)
Fig. 7.32
7-15
Points to RememberPoints to Remember• Two major components of the human skeleton:
– Axial skeleton arranged along the medial axis
– Appendicular skeleton connects to the axial skeleton
• Skull consists of:– 22 bones (single and paired)
– 6 auditory ossicles (3 each side) and 1 hyoid
• Vertebral column consists of:– Cervicals (7)
– Thoracics (12)
– Lumbars (5)
– Sacrum (5, fused)
– Coccyx (3-5, fused)
• Rib cage has true (bone) ribs and false (cartilage) ribs
7-16
Questions?