6th Grade UBD - Unit 2 - Early Agricultural Civilizations.
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Transcript of 6th Grade UBD - Unit 2 - Early Agricultural Civilizations.
Early Agricultural Civilizations
6th Grade UBD - Unit 2 - Early Agricultural Civilizations
Preview
The Growth of Civilization- Agriculture allowed
early humans to settle in larger communities. As
populations grew, signs of civilization began to
appear.
Interactions Among Civilizations- Early
civilizations were located in areas that could support
agricultural communities. Civilizations that were
near one another exchanged goods and ideas.
Reach Into Your Background
Early humans often lived alone
or in small groups. This made it
difficult to survive. Over time,
however, they began to live in
larger groups and create
settlements. They also began
working together to ensure the
basic needs of all those in the
group were met. What other
advantages might living in a
large group have? (5 minutes)
Partner Activity
Work with a neighbor and compare your answer with theirs. What things are the same and what things are different? (3 minutes)
Key Ideas- The Growth of Civilization
Agriculture provided a steady food source.
Cities were supported by nearby farms. People living
in cities could specialize, or do only certain kinds of
work they enjoyed.
Specialization of labor created social classes.
Central governments developed to manage the
larger populations.
Civilizations developed cultures that over time
included written languages.
Early Agricultural Civilizations
Food is one of the main
needs for life. Until this
need is met, most of a
person’s thoughts and
actions are directed toward
locating food.
The development of
agriculture—producing
crops and raising farm
animals—provided a steady
food supply people could
rely on.
Early Agricultural Civilizations
With a steady food
supply, more people
could settle in one
place.
They began to build
stronger and longer-
lasting homes and live
in larger communities.
They began to develop
civilizations.
Key Term
Civilization-
A society with
cities, a
central
government,
job
specialization,
and social
classes.
Specialization of Labor
As the population grew,
other changes in people’s
lives began to occur.
People began to live
together in larger
communities.
These communities could
be fed by the
neighboring farms.
Specialization of Labor
In large communities, workers do
not have to meet all their needs
themselves.
This lets people specialize in
certain jobs.
The division of labor allowed
early humans to become skilled
at certain tasks. They now had
time to do things they wanted to
do.
Key Term
Specializatio
n- The
development
of skills in a
specific kind of
work.
Specialization of Labor
During this time,
people created
pottery. Artists and
craft workers made
jewelry, paintings, and
carvings.
Items such as jewelry
and carvings were not
needed to survive and
therefore are
considered luxury
items.
Key Term
Luxury Item-
Something
that gives
pleasure but is
not
necessarily
needed to live.
The Creation of Social Classes
Specialization of labor
created a new feature of
civilizations—social
hierarchy.
A social hierarchy is a
system in which people
are ranked in different
classes, one above the
other.
Key Term
Social
Hierarchy-
The division of
society by
rank or class.
The Creation of Social Classes
There were fewer members
in the top class than at the
bottom.
In early civilizations, power
was usually concentrated in
the small ruling class at the
top, made up of
government and religious
leaders.
The Creation of Social Classes
A person’s class was
determined by the role
they filled. At first, people
could move to a new class
if their role changed.
Over time, the social
systems in many
civilizations became more
rigid and people had little
chance of moving to a
higher class.
Social ClassesVideo- Social Classes
Cities and Government
Cities are
usually the
center for
culture, religion,
government,
and the
invention of new
tools.
The Role of Leaders
As larger numbers of people
began to live together, it
became important to have good
leaders.
Leaders were needed to settle
conflicts and direct large tasks.
Rulers took charge of big project
and wrote laws that told how to
solve problems among members
of the community.
Culture
Culture is the beliefs,
behaviors, and knowledge
of a society.
Culture is passed on from
the older members of the
society to the younger
ones.
Clothing, music,
entertainment, and even
architecture are part of
culture.
Key Term
Architecture-
The discipline
dealing with
the principles
of design and
construction of
buildings.
Religion and Literature
An important mark of a
civilization is its ability to
share its culture. This is
particularly true of its
knowledge.
The organization of religion
and the invention of written
languages were major
cultural advances that took
place in early civilizations.
Religion
Members of ancient
civilizations faced
many dangers.
Bad weather destroyed
crops.
Illness and injuries that
would be minor today
often led to death.
Religion
To help explain these
hardships, people often
believed they were at the
will of higher beings, or
gods.
They looked to stories and
legends to understand
how the gods affected the
world they lived in.
Religion
Members of ancient
civilizations usually
followed the same
religion.
They marked the same
special events.
They honored the same
gods.
They held religious
ceremonies in the same
way.
Religion
Early civilizations often had
a social class of priests and
priestesses.
These people controlled the
holy customs.
They were believed to have
special connections to the
gods.
Religion united the members
of a civilization.
Key Term
Religion- An
organized
collection of
beliefs, cultural
systems, and
world views that
relate humanity
to the
supernatural,
and to
spirituality.
Key Term
Monotheis
m- The
belief in one
god.
Key Term
Polytheis
m- The
belief in
many gods.
Writing
Before writing was
invented, people
could share
information only by
speaking.
Often, older people
told younger
people what they
knew.
Writing
Written language played
several important roles.
People used written records
to keep track of floods and
the times to plant.
They wrote down details
about the goods they
bought and sold.
Writing could provide
information about laws and
customs
Writing
Most well-known
civilizations have
recorded information
about themselves in
writing. As a result,
researchers can
study those
civilizations today.
Writing of Ancient CivilizationsVideo- Writing of Ancient Civilizations
Key Ideas- Interactions Among Civilizations
Rivers were a source of water for crops, fresh water
for drinking, and fish for food.
Rivers provided a method of transportation.
Geographic features like deserts, mountains, and
oceans sometimes kept civilizations from spreading.
As a result of war and trade, civilizations exchanged
stories, tools, and ideas about science and religion.
The Importance of Geography
As agriculture grew more
important, it became
necessary for early
humans to settle in
places where they could
regularly find water.
For this reason, many of
the earliest civilizations
arose near natural
sources of water.
The Nile Where Egypt BeganVideo- The Nile Where Egypt Began
Exchanges Among Early Civilizations
Civilizations traded with each
other. They also fought wars
with each other.
As a result of such meetings,
civilizations often shared parts
of their cultures.
They heard each other’s stories.
They learned from each other
about tools, science, and
religious ideas.
Exchanges Among Early Civilizations
In some areas, different
civilizations were
located near each other.
When two or more
civilizations often
wanted the same
resources. Both trade
and war were common.
Fighting brought many
changes in leaders.
Exchanges Among Early Civilizations
Cities provided early
humans with the main
things they needed to live.
Cities also encouraged
culture to develop.
Even today, cities continue
to be very important to the
success of civilizations.
Independent Activity
What has been the
“muddiest” point so
far in this lesson? That
is, what topic remains
the least clear to you?
(4 minutes)
Partner Activity
Work with a neighbor and compare your muddiest point with theirs. Compare what things are the same and what things are different? (3 minutes)