6english Sound System
Transcript of 6english Sound System
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ENGLISH SOUND SYSTEM
VOWEL SOUNDS AND PHONETIC SYMBOLS
1) Vowels and vowel combinations
The vowels A, E, I, O, U, Y alone, in combination with one another or with R, W
represent different vowel sounds. The chart below lists the vowel sounds according to
the American variant of pronunciation.
Sounds Letters Examples Notes
[i:] e, ee
ea
ie, ei
be, eve, see, meet, sleep,
meal, read, leave, sea, team,
field, believe, receive
been [i];
bread, deaf [e];
great, break [ei];
friend [e]
[i] i
y
it, kiss, tip, pick, dinner,
system, busy, pity, sunny
machine, ski,
liter, pizza [i:]
[e] e
ea
let, tell, press, send, end,
bread, dead, weather, leather
meter [i:]
sea, mean [i:]
[ei] a
ai, ay
ei, ey
ea
late, make, race, able, stable,
aim, wait, play, say, day,
eight, weight, they, hey,
break, great, steak
said, says [e];
height, eye [ai]
[] a cat, apple, land, travel, mad;
AmE: last, class, dance, castle,
half
[a:] ar
a
army, car, party, garden, park,
father, calm, palm, drama;
BrE: last, class, dance, castle,
half
war, warm [o:]
[ai] i, ie
y, uy
ice, find, smile, tie, lie, die,
my, style, apply, buy, guy
[au] ou
ow
out, about, house, mouse,
now, brown, cow, owl, powder
group, soup [u:]
know, own [ou]
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[o] o not, rock, model, bottle, copy
[o:] or
o
aw, au
ought
al, wa-
more, order, cord, port,
long, gone, cost, coffee,
law, saw, pause, because,
bought, thought, caught,
hall, always, water, war, want
work, word [r]
[oi] oi, oy oil, voice, noise, boy, toy
[ou] o
oa, ow
go, note, open, old, most,
road, boat, low, own, bowl
do, move [u:]
how, owl [au]
[yu:] u
ew
eu
ue, ui
use, duty, music, cute, huge,
tune,
few, dew, mew, new,
euphemism, feud, neutral,
hue, cue, due, sue, suit
[u:] u
o, oo
ew
ue, ui
ou
rude, Lucy, June,
do, move, room, tool,
crew, chew, flew, jewel,
blue, true, fruit, juice,
group, through, route;
AmE: duty, new, sue, student
guide, quite [ai];
build [i]
[u] oo
u
ou
look, book, foot, good,
put, push, pull, full, sugar,
would, could, should
neutral sound
[]
u, o
ou
a, e
o, i
gun, cut, son, money, love,
tough, enough, rough,
about, brutal, taken, violent,
memory, reason, family
Also:
stressed, [];
unstressed, [].
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[r] er, ur, ir
or, ar
ear
serve, herb, burn, hurt, girl, sir,
work, word, doctor, dollar,
heard, earn, earnest, earth
heart, hearth [a:]
2) DIPHTONGS
They are a combination of two vowel sounds that, when spoken, blur into each other forming
a single syllable is about the best definition there is.
The different vowel combinations create a slurring of the two vowels. When u combines
with another vowel, a w sound is produced (cuerpo). The "i followed by another vowel,
produces a consonant y sound as in year (hielo, site). The ai or ay combination is
pronounced like the word eye (hay).
beard, weird, fierce, ear, beer, tear
e aired, cairn, scarce, bear, hair
moored, tour, lure, sure, pure
e paid, pain, face, shade, age, wait, taste, paper
a: tide, time, nice, buy, bike, pie, eye, kite, fine
DIPHTONG
Centering
diphthong :
Closing
diphthong
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void, loin, voice, oil, boil, coin, toy, Roy
load, home, most, bone, phone, boat, bowl
a: a: loud, gown, house, cow, bow, brow, grouse
3) TRIPHTHONG
A combination of three vowel sounds in a single syllable, forming a simple or compound
sound; also, a union of three vowel characters, representing together a single sound; a
trigraph; as, eye, -ieu in adieu, -eau in beau, are examples of triphthongs.
The word "triphthong"uses 10 letters: G H H I N O P R T T.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after triphthong (in bold), or to ghhinoprtt in
any order:
triphthongs
Words within triphthong not shown as it has more than seven letters. List all words
starting with triphthong, words containing triphthong or words ending with triphthongAll
words formed from triphthong by changing one letter Other words with the same letter
pairs: tr ri ip ph ht th ho on ng
4) CONSONANTS
CONSONANTS SOUNDS AND PHONETIC SYMBOLS
There is less variation in consonants between speakers of different dialects than
between vowels. British and American consonants are the same. Most of the consonant
symbols are similar to the normal alphabet of written English. Just a few have to be
learned.
Here are the 24 consonants of English:
English Consonant Sounds
IPA INITIAL INTERNAL FINAL
p please(pliz)
purple(p p l)
help(h lp)
apple( p l)
grape(greIp)
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b book(b k)
noble(n b l)
web(w b)
cabbage(k bI g)
f five
(faIv)
fifty
(fIfti)
gulf
(g lf)raffle(r f l)
off( f)
phone(f n)
hyphen(haIf n)
nymph(nImf)
roughly(r fli)
tough(t f)
v vanilla(v nIl )
seven(s v n)
five(faIv)
thirty( ti)
nothing(n I)
path(p )
they
( eI)
father
(f )
breathe
(bri )
t ten(t n)
autumn
( t m)
hit(hIt)
attain( teIn)
mitt(mIt)
eighty(eIti)
freight(freIt)
baked*(beIkt)
white(weIt)
*Pronunciation of simple past -edending
d dish
(dI )
widow(wId )
red(r d)
adding( dI
guide(g d)
s sir(s )
thesis( is s)
books(b ks)
scissors(sIz z)
massage
(m s )
miss(mIs)
center(s nt )
December(dIs mb )
ice(is)
psychology(saIk l gi)
six(sIks)
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house(h s)
z zero(z )
freezing(frizI)
ooze(uz)
fuzzy(f zi)
jazz( z)
miser(maIz )
dishes
(dI z)
xenophobe(z n f b)
exit( gzIt)
please(pliz)
scissors(sIz z)
she
( i)
mushroom
(m rum)
radish
(r dI )
sure
(
pressure
(pr )
schist
( Ist)
fascist
(f Ist)
tuition
(tuI n)
cache
(k )
genre( nr )
seizure(si
garage(g r )
fissure
(fI )
vision
(vI n)
leisure
(li )
cheers( s)
artichoke( tI k
March(m )
picture
(pIk )
watch
(w )
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jump
( mp)
major
(meI )
gentle
( nt l)
rigid
(rI Id)
cage
(keI )
badger
(b )
bridge
(brI )
k king(kI)
baker(beIk )
pink(pIk)
rocke(r k t
black(bl k)
cold(k ld)
October( kt b )
attic( tIk)
queen
(kwin)
equal
(ikw l)
orchid( kId)
fix(fIks)
cake(keIk)
broccoli(br k li)
g good
(g d)
August
( g st)
drag
(dr g)
foggy
(f gi)exotic( gz tIk)
m May(meI)
humid(hjum d)
maam(m m)
summer(s m )
autumn
( t m)
lamb(l m)
n no(n )
raining(raInI)
green(grin)
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pneumonia(n m nj )
sunny(s ni)
sign(s n)
knife(naIf)
unknown( n n)
fine(faIn)
singer(sI )
spring(sprI)
pink(pIk)
w winter(wInt )
snowing(sn wI)
what
(w t)
nowhere
(n w )one(w n)
j yellow(j l )
mayor(meI )
unite(junIt)
beautiful(bjutIf l)
h hot(h t)
mishap(mIsh p)
l look(l k)
eleven( l v n)
cool(k l)
llama(l m )
hello(h l )
fall(f l)
red(r d) orange( n )or( )
merry(m i)
purr(p )