6course2 Sensation

7/30/2019 6course2 Sensation

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Master ENS 2004 - ORe an


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la nature des sensations

sentir des choses diffrentes

dans une modalit sensorielle

dans diffrentes modalits

sentir plutt que rien sentir


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Le problme de la conscience phnomnale

Brain mechanisms Sensations

Sensory inputs

Actions


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Sentir = exercer une habilit sensorimotrice


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Sentir = exercer une habilit sensorimotrice


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detailed internal

representation

le cerveau gnre savoiret actions

le cerveau

gnre lessensations

vision classique nouvelle vision


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sensory input = f ( action )

Sensorimotor Contingencies(D. M. MacKay, 1956)


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Feeling Softness

knowing that sensorimotor

contingencies typical of softnessare currently being obeyed.


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Seeing Red


contingencies typical of red arecurrently being obeyed.



Red is the way red things

change the light (Broackes, 1992)



Non-uniformity of color sampling



Dual Purkinje Eye Tracker(Franois e Vitu & Denis Lancelin )



Aline Bompas with split-field glasses



Previous efforts

Kohler 1951 +

Mc Collough 1965 - Harrington 1965 -

Leppman & Wieland, 1966 +



Forced choice

more yellow-ish more blue-ish



Judging white after removing glasses

0

10

2030

40

50

60

7080

90

100

0.7 0.75 0.8 0.825 0.85 0.875

eyes to blue sideeyes to yellow

% responses blue

color








I t d l diff



big change

expanding flow

shifting flow

nothing

big change

no change

increasing

amplitude

asynchrony

big change

nothing

blink:

move forward:

turn sideways:

cover ears:

cover eyes:

SEEING HEARING

Intermodal differences



Tactile Visual

Sensory Substitution

Bach y Rita (1972; 1984)


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testing

P. Meijers

The vOICe

(M. Auvray)


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Audio-Tactile SubstitutionAline Bompas, Kevin ORegan

rightmicrophone

Vibrator on

right leg

left microphone

Vibrator on left

leg

isolating

head

phones


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QuickTime et un dcompresseurcodec YUV420 sont requis pour visualiser

cette image.


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Master ENS 2004 - ORe anBotvinick & Cohen, 1998


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Seeing Straightness


contingencies typical ofstraightness are currently being

obeyed.


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RETINAL

STIMULATION

CORTICAL

REPRESENTATION


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Cortex

Retina

Visual

field


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Wh t i i t l ?


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What is a sensorimotor law?

S = f(M)

INTRINSICway of describing relation which is independent

of the code

(Differential geometry, Lie Groups)


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QuickTime et un dcompresseurIntel Indeo Video 5.0 sont requis pou r visualiser

cette image.

Philipona, O Regan & Nadal,Neural Computation 2003


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QuickTime et un dcompresseursont requis pour visualiser

cette image.

Philipona, O Regan & Nadal,Neural Computation 2003


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Why is sensory experience different fromother mental phenomena?

Corporality/Bodiliness

tight link to body motions

Alerting capacity/Grabbiness

transients incontrovertibly

grab attention


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Corporality/Bodilinessif voluntary motions systematically affect

input

e.g. visual, auditory, etc.

also: proprioception

not: autonomic sensory pathways


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Alerting Capacity/Grabbiness

capacity to peremptorily interfere withcognitive processing

(can cause exogenous attentional capture)

e.g. visual, auditory pathways, etc.not: vestibular, proprioceptive, autonomic sensory

pathways

Remembering


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Remembering

corporality alerting

capacity

-- --

Seeing


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Seeing


capacity+++ +++


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"raw feel"


capacity

remember -- --

see +++ +++


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"raw feel"


capacity

remember -- --

feel rich + -

drive ++ -

see +++ +++

INCREASING


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alert ing

capacityvision, hearing

pain

SENSORYFEEL

thought,

memory

obsession,worry

proprioceptionrichness

happinessloneliness

fear

love

embarassment

vestibularsense

driving

touch, smell

corporal i ty

The experience of softness


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EXERCISING ASKILL !

The experience of softnessE. Myin

The experience of softness


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pE. Myin

EXERCISING ASKILL !

COGNITIVELY

ENGAGING IN

Having an experience


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cognitively engaging in:

Having an experience

the exercise of a skill

thinking, remembering

motor skills:

perceiving:

different

qualities

Sensory Quality

Phenomenality

bodiliness & grabbiness

bodiliness


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A sensorimotor account of vision and

visual consciousness

J.K.ORegan & A.No

Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 5, 2001

http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr


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La conscience phnomnale en une phrase

Avoir une sensation (perceptive) = tre en train d accder au

savoir qu on exerce actuellement une habilit

sensorimotrice d un type spcifique

spcificits des habilits sensorimotrices perceptives:

monde comme source d informations (mmoire externe)

corporalit

capacit d alerte


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Mystres de la conscience phnomnaleMYSTERE EXPLI CATION DONNEES

ineffab le habilits pratiques,

pas d'accs c ognitif

qualit distinct ivesintra- et inter-

modales

habilits diffrentesselon les modalits

adaptat ion cou leurssubst itution

senso rielle

qualit plutt qu e rien

(something it's like)

habilits diffrentes

compars aut resactivits menta les

"prsence " corporalit et

capac it d'alerte

ccit aux

change ments


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Ressources

Transparents du cours et autres infos:http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr

Articles en ligne sur la conscience:http://www.u.arizona.edu/~chalmers/online.html

PSYCHE http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/

JCS http://www.imprint.co.uk/

Abstracts de confrences rgulires:

ASSC http://www.assc.caltech.edu/

Tucson (Toward a Science of Consciousness)http://www.consciousness.arizona.edu/tucson/index.html

Q l ti d ti l 1
http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr/http://www.u.arizona.edu/~chalmers/online.htmlhttp://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/http://www.imprint.co.uk/http://www.assc.caltech.edu/http://www.consciousness.arizona.edu/tucson/index.htmlhttp://www.consciousness.arizona.edu/tucson/index.htmlhttp://www.assc.caltech.edu/http://www.imprint.co.uk/http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/http://www.u.arizona.edu/~chalmers/online.htmlhttp://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr/http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr/http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr/


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Quelques suggestions darticles 1

!! = contraire de mon approche; * = compatible mais nexpliquant pas laP-conscience

trs neuro:

* Moshe Bar & Irving Biederman, Localizing the cortical regionmediating visual awareness of object identity (awareness area)

* Nancy Kanwisher, Neural events and perceptual awareness (review onNCC)

!! Christof Koch (NCC)

!! Gabriel Kreiman, Itzhak Fried, & Christof Koch (Single neuronawareness)

Erik D. Lumer *and Geraint Rees (Awareness and rivalry)Lumer, Friston & Rees (aware percepts in rivalry)Maknik & haglund (optical images correlate with percept not with input)Sahraie, L. Weiskrantz, J.L. Barbur, et al (aware and unaware areas in

blindsight)D.L. Sheinberg & N. Logothetis (aware vs unaware neurons in rivalry)!! R. Srinivasan, D.P. Russell, G.M. Edelman, & G. Tononi!! G. Tononi, R. Srinivasan, D.P. Russell, & G.M. Edelman (awareness in

large numbers of synchronous neurons)!! S. Zeki, S. Aglioti, D. McKeefry, & G. Berlucchi (V1-V2 wavelength;

V4 color constancy)

Q l ti d ti l 2


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Quelques suggestions darticles 2plutt psycho ou philo:

* Bernard Baars (comparison of aware and aware states)

** Chalmers (phil discussion of NCC: good!)

!! Churchland (misguided hope in neural hypotheses)

!! Cotterill (master module)

!! Crick & Koch (time for NCC!)

!! Eccles (presynaptic vesicular grids of the boutons )

? Hernegger (how brain generates sensations? Interesting?)

** Hurley & No (cortical dominance and deference)

Rees, Kreiman & Koch (review on NCC)!! John Smythies (biochemical basis of coma)

** Ruediger Vaas, (Why neural correlates of consciousness are fine, but not enough (seems good!)

* Baars (global workspace article)

* Myles Bogner, Uma Ramamurthy, & Stan Franklin, Consciousness and conceptual learning in a sociallysituated agent (seems interesting!)

!! Stanislas Dehaene, Michel Kerszberg, and Jean-Pierre Changeux

!! Stevan Harnad Consciousness: An afterthought (an attempt to account for P-consc. Interesting?)!* Anthony Jack & Tim Shallice, Introspective physicalism as an approach to the science ofconsciousness (doesnt explain P-consc?)

!!!! Steven Lehar, Gestalt isomorphism (mystical?)

* Don Mathis & Michael Mozer (temporally stable computational states)

* Josh McDermott, Global workspace theory: Consciousness explained? (interesting critique of Baars)

?? George McKee, The engine of awareness: Autonomous synchronous representations (somehow timeprovides qualia)


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Sensory consciousness


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Sensory consciousness

J.K.ORegan & A.No, A sensorimotor account of vision and visualconsciousness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 5, 2001

Corporality/Alerting Capacity(bodiliness/grabbiness)J.K.ORegan, E. Myin & A.No,Towards an analytic phenomenology(in

press)

D. Philipona, J.K.ORegan, J.-P. Nadal, Is there anything out

Phenomenality

Sensory Quality

Mathematics: Inferring Space

http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr

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