69275070 NFPA20 Presentation Fire Pumps
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NFPA20
Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
Presented by: Khaled Muhsen, Regional Sales Manager – Shurjoint Piping Products, Inc.

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Purpose of a FirePurpose of a Fire
PumpPumpTo protect lives and properties against fireTo protect lives and properties against fire
by supplying an adequate water supply toby supplying an adequate water supply to
automatic sprinklers or standpipe systemsautomatic sprinklers or standpipe systems
To meet building codes and insuranceTo meet building codes and insurance
requirementsrequirements

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Codes and StandardsCodes and Standards
National Fire Protection Association -National Fire Protection Association -
NFPANFPA
– Establishes the norms that governs all fireEstablishes the norms that governs all fire
installationinstallation
– Continuously revises the codes (Last issueContinuously revises the codes (Last issue
2003)2003)

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Listing AuthoritiesListing Authorities
Underwriters Laboratories (UL)Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (ULC)Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (ULC)
Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FM)Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FM)

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Codes and StandardsCodes and Standards
NFPA PhilosophyNFPA Philosophy – A fire pump system should operate irrespective A fire pump system should operate irrespective
of any damage it may cause to itself of any damage it may cause to itself
– No element of the system under emergencyNo element of the system under emergencyconditions should:conditions should:
Prevent a fire pump from turning onPrevent a fire pump from turning on
Cause a fire pump to turn off Cause a fire pump to turn off
– Changes to the code must be substantiated byChanges to the code must be substantiated bydata or experience (actual scenarios)data or experience (actual scenarios)

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Codes and StandardsCodes and Standards
NFPA20 Structure:NFPA20 Structure: – Definitions (3 pages)Definitions (3 pages)
– Centrifugal Fire Pumps (5 pages)Centrifugal Fire Pumps (5 pages)
– Positive Displacement Pumps (2 pages)Positive Displacement Pumps (2 pages) – Electric Motors (1 page)Electric Motors (1 page)
– Diesel Engines (4 pages)Diesel Engines (4 pages)
– Controllers (12 pages)Controllers (12 pages) – Pump Installation and RelatedPump Installation and Related
Components (10 pages)Components (10 pages)
– Acceptance Tests and Maintenance (2 Acceptance Tests and Maintenance (2
pages)pages)

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Water SupplyWater Supply – Where fire pumps are installed on a city main, a fireWhere fire pumps are installed on a city main, a fire
flow test should be performed to determineflow test should be performed to determineminimum and maximum supply pressures as wellminimum and maximum supply pressures as well
as suitability of supply for the fire protection systemas suitability of supply for the fire protection system
– Where adequate city supply water is unavailable, aWhere adequate city supply water is unavailable, a
suction tank or pit should be installedsuction tank or pit should be installed
– Tank sizing must consider 150% of the fire pumpTank sizing must consider 150% of the fire pump
rated flowrated flow
– Total water requirements are defined in NFPA13Total water requirements are defined in NFPA13(Sprinkler Systems), NFPA14 (Standpipe Systems),(Sprinkler Systems), NFPA14 (Standpipe Systems),
NFPA15 (Spray or Mist Systems), Mains)NFPA15 (Spray or Mist Systems), Mains)

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Pump RequirementsPump Requirements
““Centrifugal fire pumps shall be listed for Centrifugal fire pumps shall be listed for
fire protection service.”fire protection service.”
““Pumps shall furnish not less thanPumps shall furnish not less than 150%150%
of rated capacity at not less thanof rated capacity at not less than 65%65% of of
total rated head. The shutoff head shalltotal rated head. The shutoff head shall
not exceednot exceed 140%140% of rated head for anyof rated head for any
type pump.”type pump.”

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Pump RequirementsPump Requirements
100% 150%
140%
100%
65%
%Rated Head
%Rated Flow
Max Shutoff Head

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Pump SizingPump Sizing““ A stationary pump for fire protection should be A stationary pump for fire protection should be
selected in the range of operation from 90selected in the range of operation from 90percent to 150 percent of its rated capacity. Thepercent to 150 percent of its rated capacity. The
performance of the pump when applied atperformance of the pump when applied at
capacities over 140 percent of rated capacity cancapacities over 140 percent of rated capacity can
be adversely affected by the suction conditions.be adversely affected by the suction conditions. Application of the pump at capacities less than Application of the pump at capacities less than
90 percent of the rated capacity is not90 percent of the rated capacity is not
recommended. The selection and application of recommended. The selection and application of
the fire pump should not be confused with pumpthe fire pump should not be confused with pump
operating conditions. With proper suctionoperating conditions. With proper suction
conditions, the pump can operate at any point onconditions, the pump can operate at any point on
its characteristic curve from shutoff to 150its characteristic curve from shutoff to 150
ercent of its rated ca acit .”percent of its rated capacity.”

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Pump SizingPump Sizing
100% 150%
100%
Head
Flow
Pump Design Flow
90%
Pump Rated
Flow

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Misinterpreted CodeMisinterpreted Code
RequirementRequirement
– Sizing the fire pump - a listed pump shouldSizing the fire pump - a listed pump should
be applied for flows from 90% to 150% of be applied for flows from 90% to 150% of
its rated pointits rated point
– Most fire pumps are sized to exceed theMost fire pumps are sized to exceed theduty requirement of the fire protectionduty requirement of the fire protection
systemsystem
– The rated flow is a convention used toThe rated flow is a convention used toregulate the listing of pumpsregulate the listing of pumps

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Pump RequirementsPump Requirements
FM & UL require that fire pumps haveFM & UL require that fire pumps have
packing sealspacking seals
ULC allows mechanical sealsULC allows mechanical seals
Packing requires periodic adjustment andPacking requires periodic adjustment and
replacement as it hardens over timereplacement as it hardens over time
The packing gland should be tightenedThe packing gland should be tighteneduntil the seal leaks 30 drips per minuteuntil the seal leaks 30 drips per minute
If the gland is tightened to much, the sealIf the gland is tightened to much, the seal
receives no lubrication and will burnreceives no lubrication and will burn

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Allowable Pump Allowable Pump
TypesTypes
– Horizontal Split CaseHorizontal Split Case
– Vertical In-LineVertical In-Line
– End SuctionEnd Suction – Vertical TurbineVertical Turbine

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Horizontal Split Case Fire
Pumps

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HSC Fire PumpsHSC Fire Pumps
BENFITSBENFITS – Available in a wide Available in a wide
flow and head rangeflow and head range
– Serviceable withoutServiceable without
disturbing piping or disturbing piping or driver driver
– Available in electric Available in electric
or diesel driveor diesel drive
DRAWBACKSDRAWBACKS – Large floor spaceLarge floor space
requirementrequirement
– Restricts mechanicalRestricts mechanical
room layout due toroom layout due todirection of rotationdirection of rotation
– More costlyMore costly
– More difficult toMore difficult to
serviceservice

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Vertical In-Line Fire PumpsVertical In-Line Fire Pumps

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VIL Fire PumpsVIL Fire PumpsBENEFITSBENEFITS
– CompactCompact
– ServiceableServiceable
– ReliableReliable
– Cost EffectiveCost Effective
DRAWBACKSDRAWBACKS
– Only available up toOnly available up to
1500GPM1500GPM
– Electric Drive OnlyElectric Drive Only
–Requires suctionRequires suction
strainer strainer

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End Suction Fire Pumps

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End Suction Fire PumpsEnd Suction Fire Pumps
BENFITSBENFITS – Moderate floor spaceModerate floor space
requirementrequirement
– Flexibility inFlexibility in
mechanical roommechanical roomlayoutlayout
– Available in electric Available in electric
or diesel driveor diesel drive
– ServiceableServiceable
DRAWBACKSDRAWBACKS – Only available up toOnly available up to
1500gpm1500gpm
– Single suction designSingle suction design
limits hydrauliclimits hydraulicefficiencyefficiency

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Vertical Turbine Fire
Pumps
Used where aUsed where a
flooded suctionflooded suction
cannot becannot bemaintainedmaintained
Underground water Underground water
sources or belowsources or below
ground tanks withground tanks with
above ground pumpabove ground pump
roomroom

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Vertical Turbine FireVertical Turbine Fire
PumpsPumpsBENFITSBENFITS
– Will operate under Will operate under
suction liftsuction lift
– Available in electric Available in electric
or diesel driveor diesel drive
– Available over wide Available over wide
flow and head rangeflow and head range
DRAWBACKSDRAWBACKS
– More costlyMore costly
– More difficult toMore difficult toservice and installservice and install

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Typical ApplicationTypical Application
Wet Pit - ElectricWet Pit - Electric
Motor Driver Motor Driver

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Typical ApplicationTypical Application
Wet Pit - Diesel Engine Driver Wet Pit - Diesel Engine Driver

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Suction &DischargeGauges Air
ReleaseValve
Pressure Relief Valve•three pressureranges•adjustable on
site
NFPA RequiredNFPA Required
Pump AccessoriesPump Accessories

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Suction gauge must be of Suction gauge must be of
the compound type (capablethe compound type (capable
of reading negative pressureof reading negative pressure
or vacuum)or vacuum)
Discharge gauge must readDischarge gauge must read
two times the workingtwo times the working
pressure of the pump andpressure of the pump and
not less than 200psinot less than 200psi
NFPA RequiredNFPA Required
Pump AccessoriesPump Accessories

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1/2” Air Release Valve is1/2” Air Release Valve is
requiredrequired
Exception: top centre-lineException: top centre-line
discharge end suction anddischarge end suction andvertical fire pumpsvertical fire pumps
Air Release Valve Air Release Valve

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3/4” up to 2500usgpm3/4” up to 2500usgpm
1” over 3000usgpm1” over 3000usgpm
Should be set between theShould be set between the
maximum suction pressure andmaximum suction pressure andminimum suction pressure plusminimum suction pressure plus
the closed valve pressure of thethe closed valve pressure of the
pumppump
Piped before the fire pumpPiped before the fire pumpdischarge check valvedischarge check valve
Casing Relief ValveCasing Relief Valve

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• Suction OS&Y GateValve
• Discharge ButterflyValve
• Both must besupervised
• Discharge ButterflyValve Installed after
“Test Tee” andpressure sensing line
Isolation ValvesIsolation Valves

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Hose Valve SystemsHose Valve Systems
– Provides testing meansProvides testing means
– Sized by pump ratedSized by pump rated
capacitycapacity
– There are hundreds of There are hundreds of different thread typesdifferent thread types
depending on jurisdictiondepending on jurisdiction
- type should be- type should be
specified on projectsspecified on projects

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Flow MetersFlow Meters – Does not replace a hose valve systemDoes not replace a hose valve system
– Flow meters must be listed for fire protectionFlow meters must be listed for fire protection
serviceservice
– Gauge reading is a minimum of 175% the pumpGauge reading is a minimum of 175% the pump
rated flowrated flow – Provides a testing means without wasting water Provides a testing means without wasting water
– Flow meter is installed in bypass back to suctionFlow meter is installed in bypass back to suction
– Must be installed with isolation valves per Must be installed with isolation valves per manufacturer’s specificationsmanufacturer’s specifications
– RULE OF THUMB:RULE OF THUMB:
Annular Type - 10Ø upstream - 5Ø downstream Annular Type - 10Ø upstream - 5Ø downstream
Venturi Type - 7Ø upstream - 5Ø downstreamVenturi Type - 7Ø upstream - 5Ø downstream

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Main Relief ValvesMain Relief Valves
and Waste Conesand Waste Cones – Sized by pump ratedSized by pump rated
capacitycapacity
– Spring or pilot operatedSpring or pilot operated
– Waste cone providesWaste cone provides
visibility of flow throughvisibility of flow through
the valvethe valve
– When it is used:When it is used:11))Diesel driven systemsDiesel driven systems
22))Electric systemsElectric systems??????

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Main Relief Valve -Main Relief Valve -
Diesel PumpsDiesel Pumps
1000
30
165
130
psi
GPM
Shutoff Head
@ RatedSpeed
20
1500
Shutoff Head@ 10%
Overspeed179
M i R li f V lM i R li f V l

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Main Relief ValvesMain Relief Valves
and Waste Conesand Waste Cones
– Recommended on all dieselRecommended on all dieseldriven systemsdriven systems
– Not required on diesel if Not required on diesel if
maximum supply pressure plusmaximum supply pressure plus
1.21 x closed valve pressure1.21 x closed valve pressure
does not exceed systemdoes not exceed system
pressure ratingpressure rating
– NFPA allows piping back toNFPA allows piping back tosuction - NOT recommendedsuction - NOT recommended
– Relief valve should be set belowRelief valve should be set below
maximum pressure rating of themaximum pressure rating of the
systemsystem

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Main Relief Valve -Main Relief Valve -
Electric PumpsElectric Pumps
1000
60
180
130
psi
GPM
Max Shutoff Head
20
1500
Rated Head

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Misinterpreted CodeMisinterpreted Code
RequirementRequirement – Devices in the discharge piping - mainDevices in the discharge piping - main
relief or pressure reducing valves shouldrelief or pressure reducing valves should
only be installed where absolutelyonly be installed where absolutely
necessarynecessary – Valves introduce a failure mode andValves introduce a failure mode and
should only be used when requiredshould only be used when required

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Piping, Relief Valves, Metering Devices, andPiping, Relief Valves, Metering Devices, and
Hose Valves should be sized according toHose Valves should be sized according to
Table 2-20 on Page 20-13Table 2-20 on Page 20-13..
NFPA Fitting SizingNFPA Fitting Sizing

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NFPA RequiredNFPA Required
Pump AccessoriesPump AccessoriesFire Pump Rating
GPM (L/s)
Suction
Size (in.)
Discharge
Size (in.)
Relief Valve
Size (in.)
Relief Valve
Discharge
(in.)
Flow Meter
Size (in.)
Number &
Size of Hose
Valves
Hose Valve
Manifold
Size (in.)
25 (95) 1 1 ¾ 1 1¼ 1 - 1½ “ 1
50 (189) 1½ 1¼ 1¼ 1½ 2 1 - 1½ “ 1½
100 (379) 2 2 1½ 2 2½ 1 - 2½ “ 2½
150 (568) 2½ 2½ 2 2½ 3 1 - 2½ “ 2½
200 (757) 3 3 2 2½ 3 1 - 2½ “ 2½
250 (946) 3½ 3 2 2½ 3½ 1 - 2½ “ 3
300 (1136) 4 4 2½ 3½ 3½ 2 - 2½ “ 3
400 (1514) 4 4 3 5 4 2 - 2½ “ 4
450 (1703) 5 5 3 5 4 2 - 2½ “ 4
500 (1892) 5 5 3 5 5 2 - 2½ “ 4
750 (2839) 6 6 4 6 5 3 - 2½ “ 6
1000 (3785) 8 6 4 8 6 4 - 2½ “ 61250 (4731) 8 8 6 8 6 6 - 2½ “ 8
1500 (5677) 8 8 6 8 8 6 - 2½ “ 8
2000 (7570) 10 10 6 10 8 6 - 2½ “ 8
2500 (9462) 10 10 6 10 8 8 - 2½ “ 10
3000 (11,355) 12 12 8 12 8 12 - 2½ “ 10

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Pressure Maintenance PumpPressure Maintenance Pump
(Jockey(Jockey
))
Every system has a normal leakage rateEvery system has a normal leakage rate
that will result in a pressure dropthat will result in a pressure drop
Jockey Pump will maintain the pressure inJockey Pump will maintain the pressure in
the systemthe system
This will prevent the main fire pump fromThis will prevent the main fire pump from
starting for minor leaksstarting for minor leaks

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Jockey PumpsJockey Pumps
Jockey (pressure maintenance) pumps andJockey (pressure maintenance) pumps and
jockey controllers need not be listed for fire jockey controllers need not be listed for fire
protection service.protection service.
““The primary or standby fire pump shall not beThe primary or standby fire pump shall not be
used as a pressure maintenance pump.”used as a pressure maintenance pump.”
A jockey pump should be sized such that it A jockey pump should be sized such that it
CANNOT meet the flow demand of a singleCANNOT meet the flow demand of a single
sprinkler fixture.sprinkler fixture.

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Jockey Pump SizingJockey Pump Sizing
Jockey pumps should be sized for 1% of Jockey pumps should be sized for 1% of
the flow of the main fire pumpthe flow of the main fire pump
Jockey pumps should be sized to provideJockey pumps should be sized to provide
10psi more pressure than the main fire10psi more pressure than the main fire
pumppump
Jockey pump should be sized so that itJockey pump should be sized so that it
cannot meet the demand of the lowestcannot meet the demand of the lowestflow fire protection fitting in the systemflow fire protection fitting in the system

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Fire Pump OperationFire Pump Operation
– Fire pumps are designed to start on aFire pumps are designed to start on a
pressure switch settingpressure switch setting
– Some fire pumps can be started automaticallySome fire pumps can be started automatically
based on a deluge valve opening, or a remotebased on a deluge valve opening, or a remotesignalsignal
– The pressure sensing line is the lifeline for theThe pressure sensing line is the lifeline for the
fire protection systemfire protection system

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Fire Pump OperationFire Pump Operation – Pressure switches should be rated for maximumPressure switches should be rated for maximum
pressure conditionspressure conditions
– Sensing lines must be 1/2” non-ferrous (copper)Sensing lines must be 1/2” non-ferrous (copper)
with two check valves with a 3/32” hole drilled in thewith two check valves with a 3/32” hole drilled in the
flapper flapper – Check valves are for damping of pressure when theCheck valves are for damping of pressure when the
pump starts to protect the pressure switchpump starts to protect the pressure switch
– Check valves are installed 5 feet apart and mustCheck valves are installed 5 feet apart and must
open on a pressure drop in the sensing lineopen on a pressure drop in the sensing line
– Check valves close when the pump startsCheck valves close when the pump starts
– Jockey pump and fire pump sensing lines must beJockey pump and fire pump sensing lines must be
separateseparate

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System gradually loosespressure
50
9095
100
110
Jockey startFire Pump start
Stop Point
Pump shutoff
psi
Time period
boost
Fire Pump OperationFire Pump Operation

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Critical New Code RequirementsCritical New Code Requirements
(2003(2003)) – Extensive changes to NFPA20 includingExtensive changes to NFPA20 including
chapter numberschapter numbers
– Fire pump sizing will move from theFire pump sizing will move from the
Appendix to the main text of the code Appendix to the main text of the code – Greater clarity on devices in the dischargeGreater clarity on devices in the discharge
pipingpiping
– Provisions for the acceptance of electronicProvisions for the acceptance of electronicspeed governors on diesel enginesspeed governors on diesel engines
– Reference to NEMA ICS 14-2001 asReference to NEMA ICS 14-2001 as
Appendix B (Application Guide for Electric Appendix B (Application Guide for Electric
Fire Pump Controllers)Fire Pump Controllers)

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Critical New Code RequirementsCritical New Code Requirements
(2003(2003)) – Diesel tank supervision and markingsDiesel tank supervision and markings
– Alternate valve arrangement for diesel Alternate valve arrangement for diesel
cooling linescooling lines
– Provision for reading amperage andProvision for reading amperage andvoltage on limited service controllersvoltage on limited service controllers
– Variable speed drivers as pressure limitingVariable speed drivers as pressure limiting
devicesdevices – Copper lines and fittings not allowed for Copper lines and fittings not allowed for
diesel pipingdiesel piping

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Typical System Performance - 500gpm, 160psi
including 85psi Suction Pressure
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
Flow - GPM
H e a d - P S I
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
R P M
PLT OFF 85psi Suct
PLT ON 85psi Suct
PLT ON 85psi RPM
PLT OFF 85psi RPM
System Press ure
Limit
Pressure Limiting
Control RangeRPM
System Pressure
RPM

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FIRE PUMP CONTROLLERSFIRE PUMP CONTROLLERS
Diesel or ElectricDiesel or Electric
Full Service or Limited ServiceFull Service or Limited Service
HP of the motor HP of the motor Voltage of the installationVoltage of the installation
Withstand ratingWithstand rating
Starting methodStarting method

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Across the Line Across the Line
– Limited Service - Under 30hpLimited Service - Under 30hp
– Full ServiceFull Service
Reduced VoltageReduced Voltage
– Auto Transformer Auto Transformer
– Wye Delta - Special Motor Wye Delta - Special Motor
RequiredRequired
– Part Winding - Special Motor Part Winding - Special Motor
RequiredRequired
– Primary Resistor Primary Resistor
CONTROLLER STARTING METHODCONTROLLER STARTING METHOD
CO O S G O

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CONTROLLER STARTING METHODCONTROLLER STARTING METHOD
600
of FullLoad
Current
Full speed
390
252200
FULL VOLTAGE
PRIM.
RESISTOR
PART WINDING
AUTO-
TRANSFORMER
WYE DELTA
FULL LOADCURRENT
420
100
O C S

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AUTOMATIC TRANSFER AUTOMATIC TRANSFER
SWITCHESSWITCHESWhat is it?What is it?
– An additional controller used An additional controller used
in case of a power failurein case of a power failure
Why use it?Why use it? – To transfer the power toTo transfer the power to
another source (generator another source (generator
or diesel)or diesel)
When to use it?When to use it? – If Authorities Require OneIf Authorities Require One
– If Power Source not ReliableIf Power Source not Reliable
S CO O S

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Serve Three Basic FunctionsServe Three Basic Functions::
• Start the Diesel Engine in an emergencyStart the Diesel Engine in an emergency
• Monitor the Operation and Condition of theMonitor the Operation and Condition of the
Diesel EngineDiesel Engine• Keep the batteries chargedKeep the batteries charged
DIESEL CONTROLLERSDIESEL CONTROLLERS
DIESEL CONTROLLERS

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Diesel Can be Started by Three MethodsDiesel Can be Started by Three Methods::
• Pressure Switch (In the Automatic Mode)Pressure Switch (In the Automatic Mode)
• Pressure Switch (In the Test Mode)Pressure Switch (In the Test Mode)
• Manual Cranking (In the Automatic or ManualManual Cranking (In the Automatic or ManualMode)Mode)
Starting sequenceStarting sequence::
• Alternating cranking sequence Alternating cranking sequence• Six cranks every 30 seconds until diesel startsSix cranks every 30 seconds until diesel starts
• If diesel fails to start, an alarm is activatedIf diesel fails to start, an alarm is activated
DIESEL CONTROLLERSDIESEL CONTROLLERS
DIESEL CONTROLLERS

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Diesel Can be Stopped by TwoDiesel Can be Stopped by TwoMethodsMethods::
• Manually by Pushing the Stop ButtonManually by Pushing the Stop Button
• Automatically after 30 minutes during Automatically after 30 minutes duringweekly testweekly test
Overspeed shutdown:Overspeed shutdown:
• A diesel fire pump will shut down in an A diesel fire pump will shut down in anemergency condition if the diesel operatesemergency condition if the diesel operates
more than 20% faster than the ratedmore than 20% faster than the rated
speedspeed
DIESEL CONTROLLERSDIESEL CONTROLLERS
S CO O SDIESEL CONTROLLERS

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Diesel Controller AlarmsDiesel Controller Alarms• Battery and Charger FailuresBattery and Charger Failures
• Diesel operating condition (High CoolantDiesel operating condition (High Coolant
Temperature, Low Oil Pressure, Overspeed,Temperature, Low Oil Pressure, Overspeed,Failure to Start)Failure to Start)
• Contacts for remote indication of alarmContacts for remote indication of alarm
conditionsconditions
• Optional Pump Room Alarms (Low suctionOptional Pump Room Alarms (Low suction
pressure, flow meter on, Main Relief Valvepressure, flow meter on, Main Relief Valve
open, Low/High Pump Room temperature, Lowopen, Low/High Pump Room temperature, Low
fuel level, Others )fuel level, Others )
DIESEL CONTROLLERSDIESEL CONTROLLERS
DIESEL CONTROLLERSDIESEL CONTROLLERS

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Battery Charging Systems:Battery Charging Systems:• One charger for each set of batteriesOne charger for each set of batteries
• Chargers are capable of fully charging theChargers are capable of fully charging the
batteries in 24 hoursbatteries in 24 hours• Batteries remain in an overchargedBatteries remain in an overcharged
conditioncondition
DIESEL CONTROLLERSDIESEL CONTROLLERS
Pump MaintenancePump Maintenance

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Pump MaintenancePump MaintenancePump acceptance tests are defined in NFPA20Pump acceptance tests are defined in NFPA20
Chapter 11Chapter 11Inspection and maintenance are defined in NFPA25Inspection and maintenance are defined in NFPA25
Chapter 5Chapter 5
Seals and bearings are the highest maintenance itemSeals and bearings are the highest maintenance item
for a pumpfor a pump
The packing should be checked and adjusted eachThe packing should be checked and adjusted each
time the pump is testedtime the pump is tested
As fire pumps do not run often, bearings should be As fire pumps do not run often, bearings should bechecked for cleanliness and to ensure that adequatechecked for cleanliness and to ensure that adequate
oil or grease has been applied (depending on the typeoil or grease has been applied (depending on the type
of bearing)of bearing)

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Thank youThank you!!