Ultranationalism

• How does nationalism turn into ultranationalism?

• What is one of the results of ultranationalism (in relation to other groups)?

• Japan: A Case Study

Crisis

• Remember WW1, why did Germany lose?

• For the Interwar period, why was Germany facing tough times economically?

How do you turn• This

• Into this

Why the Jewish People?• They are God’s

chosen people

• They killed the Christian deity

• They use the blood of Christian and Muslims in their Passover bread.

Why the Jewish People?• Fabricated document

possibly by a Russian Secret Police officer claiming to be real

• Henry Ford believed in its contents, printing 500K copies

• Proven definitively fake (and copied) in 1921

• it is still distributed and believed by people today (a site that purports it as true is the 2nd Google result)

To what extent the whole existence of this people is based on a continuous lie is shown incomparably by the Protocols of the Wise Men of Zion, so infinitely hated by the Jews. They are based on a forgery, the Frankfurter Zeitung moans and screams once every week: the best proof that they are authentic. [...] the important thing is that with positively terrifying certainty they reveal the nature and activity of the Jewish people and expose their inner contexts as well as their ultimate final aims.

The Eternal Jew

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=yNk_osZWScw

"His is no master people; he is an exploiter: the Jews are a people of robbers. He has never founded any civilisation, though he has destroyed civilisations by the hundred...everything he has stolen. Foreign people, foreign workmen build him his temples, it is foreigners who create and work for him, it is foreigners who shed their blood for him."

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0V_xf3OQgM

Ultranationalism: The fear of the other

• Why would ultranationalism breed hate/racism?

• How could you turn an entire group of people into racists?

Step 1: Blame

• Reason Germany lost WW1

• Were behind the Treaty of Versailles

• They profited off of the Great Depression

Step 2: Vilify

• They are profiting from World War 2

• They are working with the enemy

• They will cause Germany to lose WW2

Step 3: Dehumanization

• Racial theories combine with Darwin (Social Darwinism)

• Called “vermin”, “rats”, “subhuman”, “jewpig”, “jewsow”

Step 4: IsolationVarious regulations restricting professions and business ownership.

Nuremberg Laws:• Marriages and sex between Jews and “citizens” outlawed• Jews are forbidden to display national symbols• Punished with hard labour or imprisonment

Later, Jewish people were barred from all schools, universities, cinemas, theatres and sports facilities.

Step 4: IsolationNuremberg Laws:• The only way to deal with the problem which remains open is

that of legislative action. The German Government is in this controlled by the thought that through a single secular solution it may be possible still to create a level ground on which the German people may find a tolerable relation towards the Jewish people. Should this hope not be fulfilled and the Jewish agitation both within Germany and in the international sphere should continue, then the position must be examined afresh.

• The third [law] is an attempt to regulate by law [the Jewish] problem, which, should this attempt fail, must then be handed over by law to the National-Socialist Party for a final solution.

The Ghettos

• Isolation becomes physical:– A holding place until Jewish people are

deported of out Europe– Run by Jewish Councils, the Germans

mandated that they:• Confiscate goods• Organize forced labour groups• Facilitate deportations to

extermination camps

Life in the Ghetto

Warsaw was the largest in Europe: 380,000 people

Though the Warsaw Ghetto contained 30% of the population of the Polish capital, it occupied only 2.4% of the city's area, averaging 9.2 people per room

Life in the Ghetto

Life in the Ghetto

Between 1940 and 1942, starvation and disease, especially typhoid, killed hundreds of thousands. Over 43,000 residents of the Warsaw ghetto died there in 1941 more than one in ten; in Theresienstadt, more than half the residents died in 1942

The Germans came, the police, and they started banging houses: "Raus, raus, raus, Juden raus." ... [O]ne baby started to cry ... The other baby started crying. So the mother urinated in her hand and gave the baby a drink to keep quiet ... [When the police had gone], I told the mothers to come out. And one baby was dead ... from fear, the mother [had] choked her own baby.

Deportation

Concentration Camps

Concentration Camps

• Used as early as 1933 to eliminate Nazi political opponents

• By 1938 they expand into forced labour camps for the elderly, mentally ill and handicapped

• Two largest groups of prisoners during WWII are Jews and Soviet POWs

Conditions in the Camps• Causes of death include mistreatment,

disease, starvation, overwork and execution (if they are considered unfit for labour)

• Prisoners used for medical experiments• Gas chambers used at death camps, as well

as shooting, starvation and torture

Over the course of WWII there were approximately 2000 camps established in Poland

Treblinka

The putrid odor of decaying human remains could be smelled up to 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) away at the nearby village of Treblinka. It was evident that large-scale killings were happening nearby, which caused panic among the villagers. On incoming Holocaust trains to Treblinka, many of the soon-to-be-murdered Jews locked inside correctly guessed what would happen to them based on the stench

Almost a million people were executed over the course of 15 months. The camp was dismantled at the end of the war and a farmhouse built on it in an

attempt to hide the evidence of genocide

Auschwitz

• Auschwitz is the most well-known concentration camp of the war because of its size and because it was the site for the biggest mass murder in human history

Estimated Number of People Murdered at Auschwitz……

1,100,000

9,000,000 Jewish people lived in Europe at the start of WW2

Approximately 6,000,000 were killed in the Holocaust