6.2 Names and Formulas of Chemical Compounds...
Transcript of 6.2 Names and Formulas of Chemical Compounds...
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6.2 Names and Formulas of Chemical Compounds
Friday February 28, 2014.Part 1
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Common Name Chemical Name Chemical Formula
vinegar acetic acid CH3COOH
table salt sodium chloride NaCl
chalk calcium sulphate CaSO4
baking soda sodium hydrogen carbonate
NaHCO3
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• each chemical compound has an official chemical name, even though you may know them by the common name
• the chemical formula identifies the number of each element in the compound
• for example, baking soda’s chemical name is sodium hydrogen carbonate, and its chemical formula is NaHCO3 (meaning there is one Na, one H, one C and three O’s in each molecule of baking soda)
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• the ion notation contains the symbol for the element and a superscript number and + or - sign
• example: lithium - Li+ (remember, ions with a 1+ or 1- charge don’t need the “1”)• What is the ion notation of:‣beryllium? ‣nitrogen? ‣sulphur?
Be2+
N3-
S2-
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Element Ion Charge Ion notation
hydrogen 1+ H+
oxygen 2- O2-
fluorine 1- F-
magnesium 2+ Mg2+
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RULES (MEMORIZE THESE!):1.Name the metal ion first: The name of the metal ion is the same as the element name. For example, in NaCl, the name of the sodium ion (Na+) is “sodium”.
2.Name the non-metal ion second: When a non-metal becomes a negative ion, the ending of its name changes to “-ide”. For example, a chlorine atom (Cl) gains an electron to become a chloride ion (Cl-).
3.Combine these two parts for the complete name: For example the name of NaCl is “sodium chloride”.
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Formula Positive Ion
Negative Ion
Name
MgO Mg2+ O2- magnesium oxide
BaF2 Ba2+ F- barium fluoride
K3N K+ N3- potassium nitride
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WRITING IONIC FORMULAS
example #1: calcium + chlorineIn order to figure out how many of each element you’ll need to make a compound, draw the Lewis diagrams
(remember last week?!)
Ca Clx x
xxxx
xClx x
xx
xxx
CaCl2 (calcium chloride)
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WRITING IONIC FORMULAS
example #2: aluminum + oxygen
Al OOx x
xxxx
x x
xx
x x
Al Ox x
xxxx
Al2O3(aluminum oxide)
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WRITING IONIC FORMULAS
CaCl2Hmm...notice something?
Charge on: Ca2+ Cl-CRISS CROSS RULE!
Why does this work?The charges even out!
1(2+) Ca Cl
Look back at the formula: + 2(1-) = 0!
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WRITING IONIC FORMULAS
Al2O3
Charge on: Al3+ O2-
CRISS CROSS RULE!
2(3+) Al O
Look back at the formula: + 3(2-) = 0!
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WRITING IONIC FORMULAS
example: calcium + chlorine
1. Write the element symbols with the metal ion written first. Ca Cl2. Take the number of the charge on the non-metal ion and make it a subscript on the metal ion (if it’s 1, you can just leave it without a number).
Ca2+ Cl-
Ca Cl3. Take the number of the charge on the metal ion and make it a subscript on the non-metal ion (if it’s 1, you can just leave it without a number).
CaCl2
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WRITING IONIC FORMULAS
elements ions formula namepotassium and
iodine K+, I- KI potassium iodide
magnesium and chlorine Mg2+, Cl - MgCl2 magnesium chloride
rubidium and phosphorus Rb+, P 3- Rb3P rubidium phosphide
beryllium and sulfur Be2+, F- BeF2 beryllium fluoride
aluminum and nitrogen Al3+, N 3- AlN aluminum nitride
When the elements have the same charge value (the number), you can cancel the numbers out....
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WRITING IONIC FORMULAS
example: aluminum + nitrogen
Al Nx x
xx
x
AlN
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• elements like iron, copper, and lead can form an ion in more than one way: these are multivalent ions• in this case, a Roman numeral is included in the ion’s name to show the ion’s charge• example: the name Fe2+ is iron (II) which is read “iron two”. The “two” refers to the charge. Similarly iron (III) is read “iron three” and named the Fe3+ ion.
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1 I
2 II
3 III
4 IV
5 V
6 VI
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WRITING IONIC COMPOUND FORMULASWITH MULTIVALENT IONS
example: iron (III) oxide
1. Write the ion for the metal. Fe3+
2. Write the ion for the non-metal. O2-
3. Use the criss-cross rule to find the formula. Fe2O3
example: chromium (II) chloride CrCl2lead (IV) nitride Pb3N4
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NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDSWITH MULTIVALENT IONS
example: Cu3N2
1. Look at the subscript number on the non-metal ion. This is the positive charge on the multivalent ion.
Cu2+
2. Name that ion. Specify the charge using Roman numerals. copper (II)
3. Name the other ion. Add “ide” to the ending.
copper (II) nitride
example: FeCl3copper (II) oxideiron (III) chloride
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POLYATOMIC IONS• a group of atoms, made of more than one element, that act as a single ion
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NAMING POLYATOMIC IONS
example: NaOH1. Name the metal. sodium2. Name the polyatomic ion. DO NOT CHANGE THE NAME.
sodium hydroxide
• HINTS:
• the polyatomic ion is often in brackets like Al(OH)3
• if there is more than one element after the metal, it’s probably polyatomic: CuSO4
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names of elements or polyatomic
ions
ion notation formula chemical
name
potassium and hydroxide K+, OH - KOH potassium hydroxide
copper (II) and nitrogen Cu2+, N3- Cu3N2 copper (II) nitride
iron (III) and sulphate Fe3+, SO42- Fe2(SO4)3 iron (III) sulphate
barium and chlorate Ba2+, ClO3- Ba(ClO3)2 barium chlorate
lithium and nitrate Li+, NO3- LiNO3 lithium nitrate
CAUTION: Watch for Polyatomics and Multivalents!
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1 = mono2 = di3 = tri4 = tetra5 = penta
WRITING NAMES FOR MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
6 = hexa7 = hepta8 = octa9 = nona10 = deca
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WRITING NAMES FOR MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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WRITING NAMES FOR MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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WRITING FORMULAS FOR MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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WRITING FORMULAS FOR MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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