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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF

LOW COST BASIN TYPE SOLARSTILL

A.Mahesh, C.E. Sooriamoorthi, A.K.Kumaraguru

Department of Solar Energy,

School of Energy, Environment and Natural Resources,

Madurai Kamaraj University,

(University with Potential for Excellence)

Madurai-625021, Tamilnadu, India.Phone: 0452-2458471-366, E-mail:maheshbubathi15@yahoo.co.in

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introduction

Need to develop alternate technology:Many countries in arid and semi-arid areas ofthe world face shortages of potable water.

In desert areas fresh water may not be available.In the twenty-first century - no river can satisfy

the demands of the worlds biggest cities.

Malik et al., (1982) and Duffie and Beckman(1980) reported that solar water desalination

systems or solar stills are one of the options toproduce drinking water

The present investigation drew up a design and

fabricated a low cost basin type solar still andevaluated the performance of the still using tap

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The main objective of the present

investigation In the first experiment, the solar still was

designed and also tested for the variousinput water depths like 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5and 3.0 cm.

The second experiment was conducted usingtap water, sea water and dairy water and thesamples were preheated at two different

temperatures of 25 0C and 65 0C respectively.

Aims to design a low cost technology (top of

the glass, body of the still and insulation).MADURAI KAMARAJ UNIVERSITY 3

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Construction details of Basin

Type Solar StillThe basing type of solar still has the

following major components:

Basin (FRP) Transparent plastic cover

Distillate trough

Water inlet and outlet Insulation

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Basin (FRP)

fabricated with 1 mm thick FRP material

dimensions of the base of the still were 0.91cm x 0.91cm.

basin painted with a muddy black paint (absorptivity 0.88)

Transparent plastic cover plain transparent plastic sheet of 0.7 mm thickness

low thickness gives good transmittance of 98% of solar radiation

inclination of 100A from horizontal

plastic cover is cheaper than either window glass or tempered glass

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Distillate trough slightly tilted U-shaped FRP sheet trough was used to construct the distillate

channel

Water inlet and outlet top of the basin, PVC pipe (to prevent corrosion) was fitted to fill a known

amount of water to the basin.

Another pipe was fitted at the bottom of the basin for removing drainagewater from the basin.

Insulation bottom and all sides of the still were insulated with agriculture residues (coir

pith waste) of 2.0 cm thickness.

The insulation material was chosen due to its low cost compared to theproduction rate of other types of insulation.

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Photographic view of basin

type solar still8MADURAI KAMARAJ UNIVERSITY

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Result and discussion

Solar Radiation above the

plastic sheet W/m2Solar Radiation below the

plastic sheet W/m2 Transmitivity ratio

550 530 0.98

540 529 0.98

520 509 0.98

794 778 0.98

816 799 0.98

688 674 0.98805 788 0.98

841 824 0.98

728 713 0.98

700 686 0.98

Table: Transmitivity test under different solar radiation

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Sample Mean solar

insolation (W/m2)

Mean ambient

temperature 0C

Tap water at 25 0C 580 35.80Tap water at 65 0C 558 30.41

Sea water at 25 0C 831 26.07

Sea water at 65 0C 662 27.79

Dairy waste water at 25 0C 525 23.94

Dairy waste water at 65 0C 1001 24.49

Table: Physical parameters of the input samples.

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Conclusion

In the different depth experimentation,the tap water showed the maximumrate of efficiency with a depth of 1.5cmcompared to that of the other water

depths

With different preheated water samples,the tap water showed the maximumefficiency compared to the othersamples.

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Thank You for yourkind attention

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