6.1 the roman republic
-
Upload
ashley-birmingham -
Category
Documents
-
view
70 -
download
0
description
Transcript of 6.1 the roman republic
![Page 1: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Roman Republic
![Page 2: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
509 B.C. Rome becomes a republic.
264 B.C. The First Punic War with Carthage begins.
218 B.C. In the Second Punic War, Hannibal invades Italy.
44 B.C. Conspirators kill Julius Caesar.
A.D. 284 Diocletian, who will divide the Roman Empire, becomes emperor.
A.D. 476 Western Roman Empire falls with the ouster of the last emperor, Romulus Augustulus.
500 B.C.
![Page 3: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Rome’s growth and decline over the years.
![Page 7: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
According to legend, Rome was founded Romulus and Remus, twin sons of Mars
![Page 8: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Ancient Rome-3 Groups
• Latins-Farmers, Shepherds• Settled Latium (on Tiber River)• Built original settlement at Rome• First “Romans”
![Page 9: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ancient Rome-3 Groups
• Greeks-Settled southern Italy and Sicily• Prosperous in trade and business
![Page 10: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ancient Rome-3 Groups
• Etruscans-Northern Italy• Skilled metalworkers/engineers
![Page 11: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Rome, in the beginning, was a monarchy
• King was the head of the religion and held most of the power. Etruscan Kings
• Romans declared they would never again be ruled by a king!
• Romans establish a new government called a republic “res publica”-public affairs.
• Power rests with the citizens who vote to select leaders.
![Page 12: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Early Roman Republic
• Patricians-Wealthy landowners who held most of the power. Inherited wealth and social status.
• Plebeians- Commoners, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the population. They were citizens of Rome who could vote.
• Tribunes-representatives of the Plebeians who protected them from power of the Patricians.
![Page 13: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
So instead of a king, they had two consuls-this was the executive branch of the government.
• Each consul had to consult the other before acting and one could veto the other.
• Were patricians elected to one year terms
![Page 14: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Supreme commanders of the military
• Took care of daily affairs and kept other officials in line. Also presided over the Senate.
![Page 15: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Senate
• A body of 300 patricians from the wealthiest families.
• Served for life.
• Advised consuls, approved projects, did foreign policy.
• Was the main power in Rome.
![Page 17: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Twelve Tables
• The first written Roman law.
• Made around 450 BC in response to plebians’ complaints that the patricians were forming and interpreting laws to their own benefit.
• They were written down on 12 bronze tablets that were posted in the Roman forum.
![Page 18: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Here’s a sampling from the Twelve Tables:
• If someone is called to go to court, he is to go. If he doesn't go, a witness should be called. Only then should he be captured. If he shirks or flees, he should be captured. If illness or old age is an impediment, let him be given a carriage. If he doesn't want it, it should not be covered.
• An obviously deformed child must be put to death.
• If a father sells his son into slavery three times, the son shall be free of his father.
• If a person dies intestate without heirs, the nearest male kinsman shall inherit. If there is no near male kinsmen, his clansmen shall inherit.
• If one has maimed another and does not buy his peace, let there be retaliation in kind.
![Page 19: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Someone who breaks another's bone by hand or club must pay 300 sesterces; for a slave, 150; if he has done simple harm against another, 25.
• No dead man may be cremated nor buried in the City.
• Marriages between plebeians and patricians are forbidden.
• Men in the army may not wed until training is complete.
• Someone who has brought a false claim shall be brought before three judges, and shall pay a double penalty.
![Page 20: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Rome
• Expands through trade and conquest!• Romans defeat Etruscans in the North and
Greek City-States in the South• They now control the Italian Peninsula! • 265 B.C.E.
![Page 21: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Rome
• Treatment of conquered territories varied, but was lenient:
• Some given full citizenship• All rights except to vote• “Allies”-must send troops to Rome and
could not make treaties with any other state.
![Page 22: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Rome-Trade
• Location of Rome essential to trade-merchants moved by land and sea
• Traded Roman wine and olive oil for other foods, raw materials, and manufactured goods from other lands.
• Biggest competitor-CARTHAGE!
![Page 23: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Carthage’s areas of influence before the First Punic War.
![Page 24: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Punic Wars (3 of them)
• 264 B.C.-1st Punic War for control of Sicily (grain growing) and control of western Mediterranean Sea.
• Lasted 23 years• Rome-VICTOR!
![Page 25: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
They weren’t all that far apart.
![Page 26: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Punic Wars (3 of them)
• 218 B.C.-2nd Punic War• Hannibal (Carthage)-wanted revenge!• 50,000 infantry, 9000 cavalry, and 60 elephants.• Went through Spain and France to cross Alps
and invade Rome.• Defeated in 202 B.C. by Scipio Africanus
(Rome)-attacked Carthage forcing Hannibal to return from Italy-VICTOR ROME!
![Page 27: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Punic Wars (3 of them)
• 149-146 B.C.E.-3rd Punic War• Carthage no longer threat, but Romans
wanted revenge.• Siege of Carthage-set afire and its 50,000
residents sold into slavery-land salted
![Page 28: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Results
• Rome’s victory over Carthage gave it control over the western Mediterranean
• Rome then took over eastern half-Macedonia, Greece, and parts of Anatolia.
• By 70 B.C.E. the empire stretched from Anatolia to Spain!
• #2 on p. 145
![Page 29: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Answer the Following Questions: 6.1
• How did geography affect the development of Rome?
• Which were the main groups that competed for power in early Rome?
• What is the significance of the Twelve Tables?
• What were the causes of the 1st Punic War?• What was the significance of the Punic
Wars for Rome?
![Page 30: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The Roman Empire brings Change!
• Problems with expansion• Gap between rich and poor!• 1/3 of the population were slaves• Small farmers could not compete with
large landowners• Class tensions lead to collapse of the
Republic.
![Page 31: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Gracchus Brothers
• Tiberius and Gaius• Their mother was the daughter of Scipio• Tribunes (Plebians)• Proposed reforms to help the poor• Both met violent deaths• Period of Civil War followed!• Rise of politically powerful military leaders-
Julius Caesar.
![Page 32: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Julius Caesar
• At first, ruled with Crassus and Pompey as the first Triumvirate.
• Caesar-strong leader and military genius-conquered all of Gaul-popular with the people of Rome.
• Ordered by Senate to disband his legions and return home-he defies Senate and leads a civil war against Pompey.
• Wins-appointed Dictator for Life by Senate
![Page 33: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Julius Caesar• Rules with Absolute Power-total control• Reforms:• Citizenship to people in the provinces• Expanded the Senate• Helped poor by creating jobs through
construction of new buildings• Started colonies so landless could have land• Increased pay for soldiers.• Caesar assassinated in Senate chamber-
Brutus and Cassius-many troubled by his growing power and feared losing their own power!
![Page 34: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Octavian• Caesar’s Grand-Nephew
Mark Antony• General
Lepidus• Politician
The Second TriumvirateCivil War after death of Julius Caesar destroyed what was
left of the Republic
![Page 35: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The 3 ruled for 10 years-Executed many senators to put down
opposition
Octavian and Mark Antony lead Roman
Legions in battle against the legions of Brutus and Cassius
Octavian returns to Rome
Antony goes on victory tour-Meets
Cleopatra
Octavian and Mark Antony are
VICTORIUS!-Cassius & Brutus commit suicide.
![Page 36: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Octavian
Declares war on Cleopatra Defeats combined forces of Mark Antony & Cleopatra
Mark AntonyFollows her to Egypt Accused by Octavian of plotting
against Rome-outlawed by Senate
Cleopatra
Queen of Egypt Captures heart of Mark Antony
![Page 37: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Antony & CleopatraAntony-Kills himself with a sword
Cleopatra-Commits suicide (Poison/Asp)
![Page 38: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
PAX ROMANA
• Octavian-The unchallenged ruler of Rome• Becomes AUGUSTUS-The “exalted one”• 27 B.C.E. to 180 C.E. – Peace reigned
throughout the Empire “Pax Romana”• During this time:• Empire was 3 million square miles,
population of 60-80 million, 1 million in Rome itself!
![Page 39: 6.1 the roman republic](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061203/547dfbe0b47959c5508b4a49/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
p. 150-152• Who were the 5 “good” emperors? How did they
appoint their successors? Who were 3 of the “bad” emperors? What was wrong with them?
• What is the paterfamilias? What could he do?• What rights did women have?• How were female children named?• How was education different for boys and girls?• How were government and religion linked?• What are “bread and circuses?” Why were they
necessary? By A.D. 250, how many holidays per year were there?