Two types of chemical bonds are Ionic Bonds and Covalent Bonds Chemical Bonding: Covalent Bonding.
6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.
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Transcript of 6.1 Bonding. Two Types of Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding.
6.1 Bonding
Two Types of Bonding
• Ionic Bonding• Covalent Bonding
Covalent Bonding• Sharing of electrons between 2 or more non-
metals– Forms: Molecular Compounds
Memorize the 7 Diatomic elements shown on page 138 of your text book!!!!
What are Ions? charged atoms that have gained or lost electrons
• Form between ions• Metal + Non-metal
Ionic Bonding
2 types of Ions:• Cations: positively
charged ions, have lost electrons (metals)
• Anions: Negatively charged ions, have gained electrons (non-metals)
• Ions attract one another by electrostatic forces. – Opposite charges attract
6.2 Representing Chemical Compounds
Chemical Formulas
• Molecular Formula: shows the number of each atom present in a molecular compound
NH3
• Formula Unit: representation of ionic compounds in lowest whole number ratios
NaCl
Law of Definite Proportions
• The masses of the elements in a compound are always in the same proportions.
Law of Multiple Proportions• Whenever two elements form more than one
compound, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers
Journal
• How are ions formed???• What is the difference between cations and
anions???
6.3 Ionic Charges
Naming Rules for Monatomic Ions: ions of a single atom
Cations (positive charged metals )Name of element + ion
Example: Na+ Sodium ionPractice: Ca2+ _______ ____
Anions (negative charged non-metals)Name changes ending to –ide
Example: F- Fluorine → FluoridePractice: S2- ______________
How do you figure out the charge for an ion????
USING THE PERIODIC TABLE!!!• Group 1: loose 1 electron to become cations
with a 1+ charge (Example: Na+)
• Group 2: loose 2 electrons to become cations with a 2+ charge (Example: Sr2+)
• Aluminum (Group 3a): looses 3 electronsAl 3+
Group 4 typically do not form ions.
• Group 7A: gains 1 electronbecome anions with a 1- charge
• Group 6a: gains 2 electronsbecome anions with a 2- charge
• Group 5a: gains 3 electronsbecome anions with a 3- charge
Journal:
Write the formula and the name for the ions formed by the elements:
ClSKCa
Journal:
Write the formula and the name for the ions formed by the elements:
Cl Cl- ChlorideS S2- SulfideK K+ Potassium IonCa Ca2+ Calcium Ion
Transition Metals may form several different ions
You are responsible for knowing that the roman numeral indicates the charge of the given ion.
Roman Numerals You should know:
I = 1 VI = 6II = 2 VII = 7III = 3 VIII = 8IV = 4 IX = 9V = 5 X = 10
Example:
You should know that:• Chromium (II) indicates a Chromium ion with
a charge of 2+, Cr2+
Journal: What is the charge and formula for…. Copper ICopper II
Lead IV
Example:
You should know that:• Chromium II indicates a Chromium ion with a
charge of 2+, Cr2+
Journal: What is the charge and formula for….Copper I : Cu+
Copper II : Cu2+
Lead IV: Pb4+
Polyatomic Ions
• Ions with more than 1 atomExamples: OH- hydroxideNH4
+ ammonium
NO2 – NitriteSO3 2– Sulfite
NO3 – Nitrate SO4 2– Sulfate
Memorize the name and charge of the polyatomic ions found on page 147 of the textbook!!!!
Practice