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Lecture 23: Data in business research

Books: By Authors Name

1. Zikmund

2. Scheindller & Cooper

3. C. R Kothari

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Logical steps in research process

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Types of Data

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Primary and Secondary data

Primary data: information that is developed or gathered

by the researcher specifically for the research project at

hand

Secondary data: information that has previously beengathered by someone other than the researcher and/or

for some other purpose than the research project at hand

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Secondary data

Internal secondary data: data that have beencollected within the firm

Internal databases: databases (collection of data and

information describing items of interest) consistingof information gathered by a company typicallyduring the normal course of business transactions

External secondary data: data obtained from outsidethe firm

Types:

Published

Syndicated Services Data

External Databases

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Evaluating Secondary data

What was the purpose of the study?

Who collected the information and whenwas this done?

What information was collected (questions,scales, etc.)?

How was the information obtained (samplingframe, method of sample draw,

communication method, resulting sample,etc.)?

How consistent is the information with otherpublished information?

Research Methodology

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O

bservation Method Most commonly used method in behavioural science

Normally used in experiments or in natural environment

Able to remove subjective biasness

Independent of respondents willingness

Types

Behavioural & non behavioural

Structured & Unstructured

Controlled & Uncontrolled

Participants & non participants

Observation qualifies as scientific inquiry when it is conductedspecifically to answer a research question in systematic andplanned execution

Research Methodology

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Observer participant

relationship

Directness

Concealment

Participation

Environmental factors

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Conducting the observation

Type of study

Content specification

Observer training

Data collection

Unobtrusive Measures

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Interview

Personal Interview

Structured & Unstructured

Focused Interview

Clinical Interview

Non Directive Interview

Stress Interview

Research Methodology

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Errors in communication

research Interviewer error

Failure to secure full cooperation

Failure to record answers accurately

Failure to consistently execute interview

procedure

Failure to establish appropriate interview

environment

Falsification of individual answere

Research Methodology

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Errors in Communication

Research Participant Error

Participant-Based Error

Response-based error

Research Methodology

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Survey Self Administered Survey

Survey via Interview

Research Methodology

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Questionnaire

Questionnaire Attributes of questionnaire

General Form

Sequences Question formulation and wording

Response Strategy

Levels of abstraction and hierarchy Management Question

Researcher Question Investigative question

Measurement question

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Questionnaire

Communication approach

Disguised objectives

Question category

Question Contents

Question Wording

Question sequencing

Research Methodology